HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem No. 07 - Review Draft of FY 2020-2025 Consolidated Plan
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Staff Report
City of San Bernardino
Request for Council Action
Date: March 18, 2020
To: Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
From: Teri Ledoux, City Manager
By:Michael Huntley, Community & Economic Development Director
Subject: Review Draft of FY 2020-2025 Consolidated Plan, Analysis of
Impediments Associated with CDBG / HOME
Recommendation
It is recommended that the Mayor and City Council of the City of San Bernardino,
California, conduct the first public hearing on the review of the draft Fiscal Year 2020-
2025 Consolidated Plan, Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing (AI) and Fiscal Year
2020/21 Annual Action Plan (AAP) and provide recommendation or comments to the
draft documents.
Background
The City of San Bernardino (City) must submit to HUD a Five-Year Consolidated Plan
(ConPlan), Fiscal Year 2020-2025, that includes an Analysis of Impediments to Fair
Housing document (AI), first-year Annual Action Plan (AAP), Fiscal Year 2020/21 that
explains how the City intends to invest these federal funds toward meeting the City’s
community development, affordable housing, and homeless prevention needs by May
15, 2020.
The City hired a consultant, Michael Baker International Inc. (MBI), to assist in the
preparation of the ConPlan, FY 2020-2025, that includes the AI, and the AAP, Fiscal
Year 2020/21. MBI assisted in community engagement efforts. Community
engagement is key for helping the City to identify needs, priorities, goals, strategies, and
activities for future housing and community development activities over the next five -
year ConPlan period. Engagement activities included a community survey, community
meetings, pop-up events, a housing summit, and stakeholder consultations. As part of
the stakeholder consultation process, the City consulted with a variety of stakeholders,
including local and regional community-based organizations, health and mental and
behavioral health care providers, and housing service organizations. Community
engagement was achieved through engaging a diverse group of stakeholders to identify
priorities, concerns, and values. The feedback provided through the community
engagement process supported the development of this ConPlan, including the
development of housing and community development needs, priorit ies, goals, and
strategies for funding allocation.
For the purposes of this plan, the stakeholders include all residents, business owners,
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and interest groups. Targeted outreach was provided to youth, elderly, racial and ethnic
minorities, residents, property owners, and business owners across the City. Leveraging
existing stakeholder contacts, recognizing underrepresented stakeholders, and
identifying new stakeholders was integral to the process of reaching the greater San
Bernardino community and ensuring a broad depth of participation.
The City announced the various community engagement opportunities through a social
media campaign strategy and schedule, including announcements, project updates, and
educational content for Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram posts. Announcements for the
online survey and public comment periods were also promoted over email, where key
stakeholder contacts were leveraged as liaisons to access larger stakeholder groups.
Stakeholders had the following opportunities for participation and comment, all of which
were offered throughout San Bernardino during the ConPlan process:
Community Meeting: Walk-in meetings were held at six different locations across
the City. Interactive engagement stations created opportunities to shar e personal
stories, suggest ideas for strengthening neighborhoods and prioritizing
community needs, and review ConPlan data and maps.
Housing Summit: A housing summit was held for community leaders, agency
representatives, service providers, planning professionals, land developers, and
business owners to learn and exchange information about the current state of
housing and development in the City.
Stakeholder Interviews: Various local organizations were interviewed to receive
feedback on the most pressing priorities and needs of target populations.
Pop-Up Events: Structured for short interactions, the pop-up took the form of a
booth set up at an event to allow access to a specific stakeholder group.
Feedback provided at pop-up events was collected through interactive exercises
(dot votes, etc.) or verbal responses to big picture questions.
Online Feedback Collection (Survey and Form): To broadly access and efficiently obtain
information from a large number of geographically distributed stakeholders, an online
survey was prepared. The survey included specific and open-ended questions about the
public review draft and provided an opportunity to leave additional, relevant comments.
The survey was announced through City media outlets and disseminated through key
community liaisons or stakeholders with access to resident and community groups,
business owners, and interest groups.
The ConPlan is designed to help the City assess their affordable housing and
community development needs and market conditions, and to make data-driven, place-
based investment decisions. Requirements for development and submission of the
ConPlan are found at 24 CFR, Part 91. The consolidated planning process serves as
the framework for a community-wide dialogue to identify housing and community
development priorities that align and focus funding from the following formula block
grant programs:
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CDBG: The primary objective of the CDBG program is to develop viable urban
communities by providing decent housing, a suitable living e nvironment, and expanded
economic opportunities, principally for persons of low and moderate income.
Jurisdictions receiving CDBG funds must use the funds to meet one of the three
national objectives:
1. To benefit low and moderate-income persons;
2. To aid in the prevention or elimination of slums and blight; or
3. To meet community development needs having a particular urgency.
HOME: The objectives of the program are:
1. To strengthen the ability of state and local governments to design and implemen t
strategies for achieving adequate supplies of decent, affordable housing;
2. To provide assistance to participating jurisdictions for development of affordable
housing; and
3. To strengthen partnerships among all levels of government and the private
sector.
ESG: The program provides funding for the:
1. Engagement of individuals and families living on the streets;
2. Improvement of homeless shelters and operation of shelters; or
3. Rapid re-housing of homeless persons and homeless prevention.
An Analysis of Impediments (AI) is an assessment of a state or a unit of local
government’s laws, ordinances, statutes, and administrative policies as well as local
conditions that affect the location, availability, an accessibility of housing by examining
barriers and impediments to fair housing choice. The development of an AI is part of
the consolidated planning process required for all entitlement communities such that
receive housing and community development funds from HUD.
The ConPlan is carried out through AAPs, which provide a concise summary of the
actions, activities, and the specific federal and non -federal resources that will be used
each year to address priority needs and specific goals identified by the ConPlan.
In order to continue receiving an allocation under CDBG, HOME and ESG, the City is
required to submit an AAP to the United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD). The Action Plan serves as the City’s grant application for the
grant programs. The City of San Bernardino’s draft Fiscal Year 2020/21 AAP
recommends projects that best meet identified community needs eligible under CDBG,
HOME and ESG programs.
Discussion
The draft Consolidated Plan covers the period of Fiscal Year 2020/2021 through Fiscal
Year 2024/2025. The draft Action Plan covers the period of Fiscal Year 2020/21. The
purpose of the ConPlan is to guide a jurisdiction to:
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Assess their affordable housing and community development needs and market
conditions;
Make data-driven, place-based investment decisions; and
Conduct community-wide discussions to identify housing and community
development priorities that align and focus on eligible activities for CDBG
funding.
The City must also prepare and submit to HUD, an AAP that describes, in detail, how
the ConPlan will be carried out for each year. The AAP must provide a concise
summary of the actions, activities, and the specific federal and non -federal resources
that will be used each year to address the priority needs and specific goals identified by
the ConPlan. The City’s Fiscal Year 2020/21 allocation was announced by HUD on
February 14, 2020, and is receiving $3,405,816 in CDBG, $1,404,784 in HOME , and
$295,799 in ESG. The Fiscal Year 2020/21 allocations represent a 1% increase from
the current year allocation of $3,366,410. A summary of the recommended activities
and funding levels is noted below:
RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES BY CATEGORY
CDBG Ad Hoc Committee
On February 26, 2020, the City Council’s CDBG Ad Hoc Committee met to discuss the
programming for this Fiscal Year 2020/21 grant funding. Prior to meeting with the Ad
Hoc Committee, Housing staff reviewed the eight (8) CDBG applications received for
funding. Five (5) of the applications were submitted by the Public Works and Parks and
Recreation Departments to fund various capital improvement projects, two (2) are
related to funding Micro-Enterprise and the Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board
(IFHMB), and the final request is to fund the Section 108 Loan obligation . Provided
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below is an overview of the above mentioned programs (please refer to Exhibit B):
The public facility projects being recommended consist of the replacement of
playground equipment in three parks: Meadowbrook Park, Nicholson Park and Anne
Shirrell (please refer to Exhibit B), which is in keeping with previous Mayor and City
Council direction. Nicholson Park will not only have the playground equipment
replaced, but the existing baseball field will be converted into a Miracle League park to
be ADA compliant. A Miracle League park removes the barriers that keep children and
adults with mental and physical disabilities off the baseball field and lets them
experience the field. Since the main barriers for the children and adults arise from the
natural grass fields used in conventional leagues, Miracle League Teams play on a
custom-designed, rubberized turf field that accommodates wheel chairs and other
assertive devices while helping prevent injuries. In addition, the Encanto Community
Center - Phase 1, will have roof replacement done and will be ADA compliant. The
citywide concrete repairs project is to replace sidewalks and ADA accessibility for the
Fifth Street Senior Center, Perris Hill Senior Center, Ruben Campos, Lytle Creek, Rudy
Hernandez and Delmann Heights Community Cen ters. These projects would complete
the comprehensive list of public facility projects being recommended for Fiscal Year
2020/21.
The Micro-Enterprise Program is designed to foster the development, support, and
expansion, of micro enterprise businesses. A microenterprise is defined by HUD as a
commercial enterprise that has five (5) or fewer employees, one (1) or more of whom
owns the enterprise. Inland Empire Small Business Development Center (IESBDC)
works with the Mexican Consulate in providing workshops to potential entrepreneurs.
The City funds Inland Fair Housing Mediation Board (IFHMB) to fund its Fair Housing
and Landlord/Tenant mediation services: education, outreach, enforcement and
administrative services. All these activities address fair housing issues encountered by
City residents and assist the City of San Bernardino to support and sustain diversity in
the neighborhoods. In Program Year 2018/19, Fair Housing serviced 394 clients;
Landlord/Tenant serviced 2,363 clients, which makes a tota l of 2,757 clients served. As
of January 2020 (YTD), 195 clients have been provided services for Fair Housing and
1,073 clients have been provided services for landlord/tenant issues for current
Program Year 2019-2020.
On September 16, 2006, the City of San Bernardino entered into a contract for loan
guarantee assistance under Section 108 of the Housing and Community
Redevelopment Act of 1974. The Section 108 Loan was specifically earmarked for the
17.43 acre commercial property located along Highland Avenue between Arden Street
and Guthrie Street. The obligations under the contract were evidenced by a promissory
note in the maximum principal amount of Seven Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars
($7,500,000) on the property. This funding was specificall y used for land acquisition,
relocation of tenants and the demolition of existing residential structures and
infrastructure which was completed in 2012. The City continues to proceed with the
liquidation of the property and the development of a multi-tenant commercial shopping
center. Since 2006, the former Redevelopment Agency and City of San Bernardino
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have continued to make the required debt services payments on the Section 108 Loan.
2020-2025 Key Strategic Targets and Goals
The CDBG funding recommendations aligns with Key Target No. 2: Focused, Aligned
Leadership and Unified Community by developing and implementing a community
engagement plan and building a culture that attracts, retains, and motivates the highest
quality talent; Key Target No. 3: Improved Quality of Life by reducing the burden of
homelessness through engagement, collaboration, and alignment with other entities;
and Key Target No. 4: Economic Growth & Development by updating the General Plan
and Development Code.
Fiscal Impact
Approval of the draft Fiscal Year 2020-2025 ConPlan, Analysis of Impediments to Fair
Housing (AI), and Fiscal Year 2020/21 AAP will not impact the General Fund since the
staff time and consultant contract is funded by a Federal Grant Program.
Conclusion
It is recommended that the Mayor and City Council of the City of San Bernardino,
California, conduct the first public hearing on the review of the draft Fiscal Year 2020 -
2025 Consolidated Plan, Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing (AI) and Fiscal Year
2020/21 Annual Action Plan (AAP) and provide recommendation or comments to the
draft documents.
Attachments
Attachment 1 Exhibit A Draft Fiscal Year 2020-2025 Consolidated Plan
Exhibit A (1) Analysis of Impediments
Attachment 2 Exhibit B Fiscal Year 2020-2021 Draft Funding Activity
Recommendations
Attachment 3 Exhibit C PowerPoint Presentation
Ward: All
Synopsis of Previous Council Actions:
N/A
EXHIBIT A
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 6
ES-05 Executive Summary - 24 CFR 91.200(c), 91.220(b) ..................................................... 6
The Process ..............................................................................................................................11
PR-05 Lead & Responsible Agencies 24 CFR 91.200(b) .......................................................11
PR-10 Consultation – 91.100, 91.110, 91.200(b), 91.300(b), 91.215(I) and 91.315(I) ............12
PR-15 Citizen Participation – 91.105, 91.115, 91.200(c) and 91.300(c) .................................17
Needs Assessment ...................................................................................................................18
NA-05 Overview ....................................................................................................................18
NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment - 24 CFR 91.205 (a,b,c) .................................................22
NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems – 91.205 (b)(2) .........................29
NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems – 91.205 (b)(2) .............33
NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens – 91.205 (b)(2) ...................37
NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion – 91.205(b)(2) ......................................38
NA-35 Public Housing – 91.205(b) ........................................................................................40
NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment – 91.205(c) .................................................................46
NA-45 Non-Homeless Special Needs Assessment - 91.205 (b,d) ..........................................48
NA-50 Non-Housing Community Development Needs – 91.215 (f) ........................................51
Market Analysis .........................................................................................................................54
MA-05 Overview ....................................................................................................................54
MA-10 Number of Housing Units – 91.210(a)&(b)(2) .............................................................55
MA-15 Housing Market Analysis: Cost of Housing - 91.210(a) ..............................................58
MA-20 Housing Market Analysis: Condition of Housing – 91.210(a) ......................................62
MA-25 Public and Assisted Housing – 91.210(b) ...................................................................65
MA-30 Homeless Facilities and Services – 91.210(c) ............................................................68
MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services – 91.210(d) .....................................................71
MA-40 Barriers to Affordable Housing – 91.210(e) ................................................................74
MA-45 Non-Housing Community Development Assets – 91.215 (f) .......................................76
MA-50 Needs and Market Analysis Discussion ......................................................................81
MA-60 Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low- and Moderate-Income Households -
91.210(a)(4), 91.310(a)(2) .........................................................................................83
MA-65 Hazard Mitigation - 91.210(a)(5), 91.310(a)(3) ...........................................................84
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 3
Strategic Plan ...........................................................................................................................85
SP-05 Overview ....................................................................................................................85
SP-10 Geographic Priorities – 91.215 (a)(1) ..........................................................................86
SP-25 Priority Needs - 91.215(a)(2) ......................................................................................87
SP-30 Influence of Market Conditions – 91.215 (b)................................................................92
SP-35 Anticipated Resources - 91.215(a)(4), 91.220(c)(1,2) .................................................93
SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure – 91.215(k) .................................................................96
SP-45 Goals Summary – 91.215(a)(4)...................................................................................99
SP-50 Public Housing Accessibility and Involvement – 91.215(c) ........................................ 102
SP-55 Barriers to affordable housing – 91.215(h) ................................................................ 103
SP-60 Homelessness Strategy – 91.215(d) ......................................................................... 104
SP-65 Lead based paint Hazards – 91.215(i) ...................................................................... 106
SP-70 Anti-Poverty Strategy – 91.215(j) .............................................................................. 107
SP-80 Monitoring – 91.230 .................................................................................................. 108
List of Tables
Table 1 – Responsible Agencies ...............................................................................................11
Table 2 – Agencies, groups, organizations who participated .....................................................15
Table 3 – Other local / regional / federal planning efforts ..........................................................16
Table 4 – Citizen Participation Outreach ...................................................................................21
Table 5 - Housing Needs Assessment Demographics ...............................................................22
Table 6 - Total Households Table .............................................................................................22
Table 7 – Housing Problems Table ...........................................................................................23
Table 8 – Housing Problems 2 ..................................................................................................24
Table 9 – Cost Burden > 30% ...................................................................................................24
Table 10 – Cost Burden > 50% .................................................................................................25
Table 11 – Crowding Information – 1/2 .....................................................................................25
Table 12 – Crowding Information – 2/2 .....................................................................................25
Table 13 - Disproportionally Greater Need 0 - 30% AMI ............................................................29
Table 14 - Disproportionally Greater Need 30 - 50% AMI ..........................................................30
Table 15 - Disproportionally Greater Need 50 - 80% AMI ..........................................................30
Table 16 - Disproportionally Greater Need 80 - 100% AMI ........................................................31
Table 17 – Severe Housing Problems 0 - 30% AMI ..................................................................33
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 4
Table 18 – Severe Housing Problems 30 - 50% AMI ................................................................34
Table 19 – Severe Housing Problems 50 - 80% AMI ................................................................34
Table 20 – Severe Housing Problems 80 - 100% AMI ...............................................................35
Table 21 – Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens AMI ..............................................................37
Table 22 - Public Housing by Program Type .............................................................................40
Table 23 – Characteristics of Public Housing Residents by Program Type ...............................41
Table 24 – Race of Public Housing Residents by Program Type ..............................................42
Table 25 – Ethnicity of Public Housing Residents by Program Type .........................................43
Table 26 – Household Size .......................................................................................................48
Table 27 – Female-headed Households ...................................................................................49
Table 28 – Residential Properties by Unit Number ....................................................................55
Table 29 – Unit Size by Tenure .................................................................................................56
Table 30 – Cost of Housing .......................................................................................................58
Table 31 – Rent Paid ................................................................................................................58
Table 32 – Housing Affordability ...............................................................................................58
Table 33 – Monthly Rent ...........................................................................................................59
Table 34 – Condition of Units ....................................................................................................62
Table 35 – Year Unit Built .........................................................................................................63
Table 36 – Risk of Lead-Based Paint ........................................................................................63
Table 37 - Vacant Units .............................................................................................................63
Table 38 – Total Number of Units by Program Type .................................................................65
Table 39 – Public Housing Condition ........................................................................................66
Table 40 – Facilities and Housing Targeted to Homeless Households ......................................68
Table 41 – Business Activity .....................................................................................................76
Table 42 - Labor Force ..............................................................................................................77
Table 43 – Occupations by Sector ............................................................................................77
Table 44 - Travel Time ..............................................................................................................77
Table 45 – Educational Attainment by Age ................................................................................78
Table 46 – Priority Needs Summary ..........................................................................................91
Table 47 – Influence of Market Conditions ................................................................................92
Table 48 - Anticipated Resources .............................................................................................94
Table 49 - Institutional Delivery Structure ..................................................................................96
Table 50 - Homeless Prevention Services Summary.................................................................97
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 5
Table 51 – Goals Summary ..................................................................................................... 100
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES-05 Executive Summary - 24 CFR 91.200(c), 91.220(b)
The City of San Bernardino (City) is an entitlement City that receives federal funding from the
US Department of Housing and Urban and Development (HUD). The City receives funds
through the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, HOME Investment
Partnerships Program (HOME), and the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG).
The CDBG entitlement program provides formula funding to cities and counties to address
community development needs. Seventy percent of gross funding must be used to serve low- to
moderate-income households. Eligible activities must meet one of the following national
objectives for the program:
Benefit low- and moderate-income persons;
Prevent or eliminate slums or blight; or
Address community development needs having a particular urgency because existing
conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the
community for which other funding is not available.
The HOME entitlement program provides formula grant funding for a wide range of activities
including building, purchasing, and/or rehabilitating affordable housing for rent or
homeownership and providing direct rental assistance to low-income households. The
program’s flexibility allows states and local governments to use HOME funds for grants, dir ect
loans, loan guarantees or other forms of credit enhancements, or rental assistance or security
deposits.1
The ESG program provides formula grant funding to cities and counties to engage homeless
individuals and families living on the street, rapidly re-house homeless individuals and families,
help operate and provide essential services in emergency shelters for homeless individuals and
families, and prevent individuals and families from becoming homeless.
The Consolidated Plan (ConPlan) is a five-year planning document. This plan covers the period
of fiscal year 2020-21 through fiscal year 2024-25. The purpose of the ConPlan is to guide a
jurisdiction to:
Assess their affordable housing and community development needs and market
conditions;
Make data-driven, place-based investment decisions; and
Conduct community-wide discussions to identify housing and community development
priorities that align and focus on eligible activities for CDBG funding.
1 HUD. Home Reinvestments Partnership Program.
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/programs/home/
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 7
Recipients of CDBG and HOME funding must also prepare and submit to HUD an Annual
Action Plan (AAP) that describes in detail, each year, how the ConPlan will be carried out. The
AAP must provide a concise summary of the actions, activities, and the specific federal and
non-federal resources that will be used each year to address the priority needs and specific
goals identified by the ConPlan.2 Additionally, at the end of each fiscal year, jurisdictions must
complete and submit to HUD a Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report
(CAPER) to report on the accomplishments and progress toward the ConPlan’s goals.
The City anticipates approximately $13,200,000 in CDBG funds, $4,800,000 in HOME funds,
and $1,120,000 in ESG funds during the 2020-2025 ConPlan period.
Summary of the objectives and outcomes identified in the Plan Needs
Assessment Overview
The objective of the Needs Assessment is to gather information from the community and all
partners, as well as demographic and economic data regarding the City’s homelessness, need
for affordable housing, special needs, and community development needs. This information is
used to make data-driven decisions to establish priority community needs and strategies based
on current conditions, expected funds, and local capacity. Through data collection, outreach,
and analysis presented in this plan, a clear outline of the City’s priority needs is formed, along
with the projects and facilities that are most likely to aid in the City’s development.
A summary of needs identified in the City of San Bernardino include:
Affordable housing for low- and moderate-income households and those with special
needs;
Rehabilitation of existing single-family housing;
Transitional and permanent housing and services for homeless individuals;
Support services, including mental health, job training, and homeless navigation; and
Youth services.
See Needs Assessment section for additional discussion on these identified needs.
Evaluation of past performance
The City’s CDBG, HOME, and ESG funds successfully contributed to several projects over the
last five years. Those projects have contributed to improved housing affordability and expanded
economic opportunities for low- and moderate-income households.
Affordable Housing
HOME funds were used to construct new homeowner housing and CDBG funds were used to
rehabilitate existing housing. For example, in FY 2018-2019, three new homeowner units were
added and seven homeowner houses were rehabilitated.
2 HUD. CPD Consolidated Plans, Annual Action Plans, and CAPERs.
https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/consolidated-plan/con-plans-aaps-capers/
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 8
Fair Housing
CDBG funds were used to contract with the Inland Fair Housing Mediation Board to provide fair
housing services, including landlord/tenant mediation, housing counseling, alternative dispute
resolution, and senior services to San Bernardino residents. For example, in FY 2018-2019,
approximately 2,700 residents were served.
Homelessness
ESG funds were used to provide public services to homeless individuals, street outreach, rapid
rehousing, emergency shelter, and homeless prevention services. As of FY 2018-19, 1,039
people were served through these programs. Additionally, in FY 2018-2019, the City assisted in
the acquisition and rehabilitation of a 38-unit apartment complex to assist homeless households
into permanent supportive housing.
Summary of citizen participation process and consultation process
Robust community engagement was achieved through engaging a diverse group of
stakeholders to identify priorities, concerns, and values. The feedback provided through the
community engagement process supported the development of this ConPlan, including the
development of housing and community development needs, priorities, goals, and strategies for
funding allocation.
For the purposes of this plan, the stakeholders include all residents, business owners, and
interest groups. Targeted outreach was provided to youth, elderly, racial and ethnic minorities,
residents and property owners, and business owners across the City. Leveraging existing
stakeholder contacts, recognizing underrepresented stakeholders, and identifying new
stakeholders was integral to the process of reaching the greater San Bernardino community and
ensuring a broad depth of participation.
Opportunities for community outreach were tailored to stakeholder groups (residents and
property owners, business owners, community groups, and public agencies and officials) to
allow efficient and effective engagement, including offering digital (e.g., online survey) and in -
person formats (e.g., community meetings). In-person meetings were held at a variety of
locations and times to increase opportunities for participation.
The City announced the various community engagement opportunities through a social media
campaign strategy and schedule, including announcements, project updates, and educational
content for Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram posts. Announcements for the online survey and
public comment periods were also promoted over email, where key stakeholder contacts were
leveraged as liaisons to access larger stakeholder groups.
Stakeholders had the following opportunities for participation and comment, all of which were
offered throughout San Bernardino during the ConPlan process:
Community Meeting: Walk-in meetings held at six different locations across the City.
Interactive engagement stations created opportunities to share personal stories, suggest
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 9
ideas for strengthening neighborhoods and prioritizing community needs, and review
ConPlan data and maps.
Housing Summit: A housing summit was held for community leaders, agency
representatives, service providers, planning professionals, land developers, and
business owners to learn and exchange information about the current state of housing
and development in the City.
Stakeholder Interviews: Various local organizations were interviewed to receive
feedback on the most pressing priorities and needs of target populations.
Pop-Up Events: Structured for short interactions, the pop-up took the form of a booth set
up at an event to allow access to a specific stakeholder group. Feedback provided at
pop-up events was collected through interactive exercises (dot votes, etc.) or verbal
responses to big picture questions.
Online Feedback Collection (Survey and Form): To broadly access and efficiently obtain
information from a large number of geographically distributed stakeholders, an online
survey was prepared. The survey included specific and open-ended questions about the
public review draft and provided an opportunity to leave additional, relevant comments.
The survey was announced through City media outlets and disseminated through key
community liaisons or stakeholders with access to resident and community groups,
business owners, and interest groups.
A detailed summary of community engagement, including participation, methods, and feedback,
can be found in Sections PR-10 (Consultations) and PR-15 (Citizen Participation) of this
ConPlan.
Summary of public comments
The regional meetings yielded numerous public comments that identified priorities for residents
of the City. High priorities identified during the meetings included:
Affordable housing;
Housing and mental health programs for people with disabilities;
Veterans homelessness assistance;
Street outreach to homeless individuals;
Jobs;
Neighborhood revitalization; and
Pedestrian and traffic improvements.
Stakeholders provided feedback on the priority needs of the City. Priority needs related to
housing, services, and public facilities were summarized into several overarching themes
including:
Increase affordable housing;
Increase housing opportunities and services for homeless individuals, including
homeless prevention;
Provide respite care for homeless individuals discharged from hospitals; and
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 10
Emergency/natural disaster resiliency for homeless individuals and low-income families.
[Additional details will be added upon completion of community engagement]
Summary of comments or views not accepted and the reasons for not accepting
them
The City did not receive any public comments that were not accepted. The City attempted to
incorporate all feedback received through outreach efforts into the plan.
Summary
This 2020-2025 ConPlan combines resident feedback, demographic data and analysis,
community stakeholder input, and consideration of City resources, goals, other relevant plans,
and policies. The results of this combined effort and analysis is the City’s five -year Strategic
Plan for the allocation of CDBG, HOME, and ESG funds and activities. These funds will focus
on preserving affordable housing, providing public services to homeless individuals, and
improving neighborhood conditions.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 11
The Process
PR-05 Lead & Responsible Agencies 24 CFR 91.200(b)
Describe agency/entity responsible for preparing the Consolidated Plan and
those responsible for administration of each grant program and funding source
The City of San Bernardino’s Housing Division is the agency responsible for preparing the
Consolidated Plan and administering the City’s CDBG, , HOME, and ESG grants, as shown in
Table 1.
Agency Role Name Department/Agency
Lead Agency SAN BERNARDINO
CDBG Administrator SAN BERNARDINO Community and Economic Development
Department
HOME Administrator SAN BERNARDINO Community and Economic Development
Department
ESG Administrator SAN BERNARDINO Community and Economic Development
Department
Table 1 – Responsible Agencies
Narrative
Lead and Responsible Agency
The City of San Bernardino (City) is the lead and responsible agency for the US Department of
Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) entitlement programs in San Bernardino. The City’s
Housing Division is responsible for administering the City’s HUD entitlement grants, including
CDBG, HOME, and ESG.
Entitlement jurisdictions receive entitlement funding (i.e., non-competitive, formula funds) from
HUD. By federal law, the City is required to submit a five-year ConPlan and Annual Action Plan
to HUD listing priorities and strategies for the use of its federal funds. The ConPlan helps local
jurisdictions to assess their affordable housing and community development needs and market
conditions to meet the housing and community development needs of its populations.
Consolidated Plan Public Contact Information
Gretel K. Noble
Housing Division Manager
Community & Economic
Development Department
201 North E Street
3rd Floor
San Bernardino, CA 92401
Tel: (909) 384-7268
Email: Noble_Gr@SBCity.org
Website: www.ci.san-bernardino.ca.us
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 12
PR-10 Consultation – 91.100, 91.110, 91.200(b), 91.300(b), 91.215(I) and
91.315(I)
Introduction
Provide a concise summary of the jurisdiction’s ac tivities to enhance
coordination between public and assisted housing providers and private and
governmental health, mental health and service agencies (91.215(I)).
The City of San Bernardino hired Michael Baker International to assist in community
engagement efforts. Community engagement is key for helping the City to identify needs,
priorities, goals, strategies, and activities for future housing and community development
activities over the five-year Consolidated Plan period. Engagement activities included a
community survey, community meetings, pop-up events, a housing summit, and stakeholder
consultations.
As a part of the stakeholder consultation process, the City consulted with a variety of
stakeholders, including local and regional community-based organizations, health and mental
and behavioral health care providers, and housing service organizations.
Describe coordination with the Continuum of Care and efforts to address the
needs of homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and
families, families with children, veterans, and unaccompanied youth) and persons
at risk of homelessness
During the development of its ConPlan and Annual Plans and as a general practice, the City
coordinated with a variety of housing/shelter organizations, public and mental health agencies,
and service providers to discuss community needs. Their collective feedback was especially
valuable in gathering information and shaping priorities for this plan as it relates to special
needs populations, general health, and mental health services in the City. Through this process,
the City interviewed the Continuum of Care (CoC) to ascertain the needs of homeless
individuals throughout the City as well as the organizational needs and challenges of the CoC
itself. The CoC’s feedback will be used to shape the goals identified in this ConPlan, which will
then address the needs of homeless individuals in the City.
Describe consultation with the Continuum(s) of Care that serves the jurisdiction's
area in determining how to allocate ESG funds, develop performance standards
and evaluate outcomes, and develop funding, policies and procedures for the
administration of HMIS
The San Bernardino County Homeless Partnership (SBCHP) is the administrator of the regional
CoC, which serves the entire County. The City continuously coordinates with the CoC to end
and prevent homelessness in the County. The CoC is a group composed of stakeholders
throughout the County, including governmental agencies, homeless service and shelter
providers, homeless persons, housing advocates, affordable housing developers, and various
private parties, including businesses and foundations.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 13
The SBCHP is a collaboration among community and faith-based organizations, educational
institutions, nonprofit organizations, private industry, and federal, state, and local governments.
The partnership focuses on addressing issues of homelessness within the County.
The SBCHP was developed to direct the planning, development, and implementation of the
County’s 10-year Strategy to end chronic homelessness. The partnership leads the creation of a
comprehensive network to deliver much-needed services to the homeless and to families and
individuals at risk of homelessness through careful planning and coordination among all entities
that provide services and resources to prevent homelessness. The City’s ConPlan is aligned
with the SBCHP’s 10-year Strategy to end chronic homelessness.
According to the City’s ESG Policies and Procedures, consultation takes place with participation
of City officials, staff serving on the CoC Governance Board and the Advisory Committee of the
CoC Board. In these roles, the City participates in setting local priorities, certifying need, and
the annual review of ESG programs. The Community & Economic Development Department
serves as the Administrative Entity for the ESG grant and compiles program documentation
which includes information about the responsibilities of the CoC and ESG programs, HUD
regulations and policy statements such as coordinated entry system, prioritization and HMIS
participation. Compiled data is used to report on project outcomes to HUD through the ESG
CAPER.
Describe Agencies, groups, organizations and others who participated in the
process and describe the jurisdictions consultations with housing, social service
agencies and other entities
Participating Agencies, Groups and Organizations
1 Agency/Group/Organization Dignity Health
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services - Health
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically, Families
with Children, Veterans, Unaccompanied
Youth
Market Assessment
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) attended at
least one community meeting and
provided input to help prioritize the City’s
community needs.
2 Agency/Group/Organization National CORE
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services - Children
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Non-Housing Community Development
Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) attended at
least one community forum and provided
input to help prioritize the City’s
community needs.
3 Agency/Group/Organization Neighborhood Partnership Services
(NPHS)
Agency/Group/Organization Type Housing
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 14
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically
Homeless, Families with Children,
Veterans, Unaccompanied Youth
Homeless Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) attended at
least one community forum and provided
input to help prioritize the City’s
community needs.
4 Agency/Group/Organization OmniTrans
Agency/Group/Organization Type Other (Transit Agency)
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically Homeless
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
5 Agency/Group/Organization Continuum of Care
Agency/Group/Organization Type Publicly Funded Institution/System of
Care
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically
Homeless, Families with Children,
Veterans, Unaccompanied Youth
Homeless Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
6 Agency/Group/Organization San Bernardino County Department of
Behavioral Health
Agency/Group/Organization Type Health Agency
Services - Health
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically
Homeless, Families with Children,
Veterans, Unaccompanied Youth
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
7 Agency/Group/Organization Project Fighting Chance
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services - Children
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Non-Housing Community Development
Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
8 Agency/Group/Organization Inland Fair Housing and Mediation
Board
Agency/Group/Organization Type Service – Fair Housing
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Housing Needs Assessment
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 15
Table 2 – Agencies, groups, organizations who participated
Identify any Agency Types not consulted and provide rationale for not consulting
No agency types were excluded from engagement.
Other local/regional/state/federal planning efforts considered when preparing the
Plan
Name of Plan Lead Organization
How do the goals of your
Strategic Plan overlap with the
goals of each plan?
Continuum of Care Continuum of Care Potential funding allocations to
address homeless needs will
complement the CoC strategy.
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
9 Agency/Group/Organization Salvation Army – Hospitality House
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services - Homeless
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically
Homeless, Families with Children,
Veterans, Unaccompanied Youth
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
10 Agency/Group/Organization Center for Employment Opportunities
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services – Employment
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Non-Housing Community Development
Strategy
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
11 Agency/Group/Organization Inland Valley Recovery Services
Agency/Group/Organization Type Services - Health
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Homeless Needs – Chronically
Homeless, Families with Children,
Veterans, Unaccompanied Youth
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
12 Agency/Group/Organization Dr. Tom Pierce, CSU San Bernardino
Agency/Group/Organization Type Civic Leader
What section of the Plan was addressed by Consultation? Market Analysis
How was the Agency/Group/ Organization consulted and
what are the anticipated outcomes of the consultation or
areas for improved coordination?
Representative(s) contributed narrative
and data to answer questions relevant to
the Consolidated Plan.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 16
10 Year Strategy to End
Homelessness
Continuum of Care Potential funding allocations to
address homeless needs will be
consistent with the 10-Year Strategy
to End Homelessness.
2015-2023 Housing Element City of San Bernardino Barriers to and opportunities for
affordable housing development
analyzed in this plan were
considered in the Market
Assessment.
Table 3 – Other local / regional / federal planning efforts
Describe cooperation and coordination with other public entities, including the
State and any adjacent units of general local government, in the implementation
of the Consolidated Plan (91.215(l))
The collaborative implementation of this ConPlan over the course of the next five years begins
with the coordinated efforts of multiple public agencies working together to gather feedback and
information for regional and local community needs and priorities. Once needs and priorities are
identified, they are then incorporated into the City’s ConPlan, forming both regional and local
strategies for addressing those needs and priorities.
Furthermore, community outreach to local leaders, stakeholders, and residents is a critical first
step in implementing this plan’s desired community changes. By successfully establishing
relationships and trust between the government, those providing services or community
improvements, and the beneficiaries of these services or improvements, the City and
community can move toward a joint vision for what and how to make community improvements.
The agencies, groups, and organizations who participated are listed in Table 2. Other
local/regional/federal planning efforts can be found in Table 3.
Narrative (optional):
City staff, with assistance from consultants, worked to involve housing, social service, and other
agencies in the community engagement process including direct solicitation for these agencies
to participate in the community survey, community meetings, and stakeholder interviews.
Stakeholders were asked questions and provided feedback on priorities, issues, and solutions in
relation to CDBG- and HOME-eligible activities including housing, neighborhood revitalization,
and low- to moderate-income household issues. They were asked about their top priorities,
neighborhood revitalization, housing problems and their solutions, local organization support,
families vulnerable to crisis, broadband internet issues, and how the jurisdiction should spend
CDBG and HOME funding.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 17
PR-15 Citizen Participation – 91.105, 91.115, 91.200(c) and 91.300(c)
Summary of citizen participation process/Efforts made to broaden citizen
participation
Summarize citizen participation process and how it impacted goal setting
Outreach is essential to the City’s ability to create an accurate and effective plan, and to allocate
resources appropriately. The City attempted to reach as many residents as possible within
specific demographics, such as low-income families, disabled persons, seniors, female-headed
households, and parents/guardians of children. Receiving feedback from residents, especially
those who may receive assistance from grant funds, is critical to the success of the CDBG
program. The City reached out to practitioners, agencies, leaders, organizations, and
companies who may have the specialized knowledge, experience, resources, and capacity to
discuss needs, opportunities, solutions, investments, and how community improvements can be
made. All City residents were encouraged to provide input on community needs through citizen
participation opportunities.
The City organized various methods for participation and public comment throughout the
development of the ConPlan. The following is a summary of the efforts made to broaden citizen
participation through the ConPlan process. Citizen Participation Outreach, Table 4, provides
additional detail on the types of outreach conducted and, where applicable, a summary of the
comments received.
Community Needs Survey
This community survey was noticed through the newspaper, the City’s website, and distribution
of flyers in both English and Spanish. The online and paper survey was made available to the
public between January 7, 2020, and , 2020. The survey was provided in English and Spanish.
Data gathered from the survey provided community feedback needs for housing, public
facilities, infrastructure, homelessness, economic development, and community services, as
well as on local demographic data. A copy of the survey, along with the final results, can be
found at the end of the document under Appendix Community Engagement Summary.
Pop-Up Events
Pop-up events are temporary events held in public areas. Pop-up events are useful to help
provide the public with general information and awareness of the ConPlan process and engage
community members with the community survey. Short dialogue and feedback were also
obtained from the public.
Three pop-up/tabling events were held throughout the City: a football game at San Bernardino
High School on November 1, 2019, the San Bernardino Airshow on November 2, 2019, and the
City of San Bernardino Winter Wonderland on December 14, 2019. Flyers announcing
community engagement meeting dates and locations were distributed. Surveys were distributed
at the pop-up events and a total of 314 residents responded to the survey. See Appendix
Community Engagement Summary for surveys and pop-up locations.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 18
Public Meetings
Six regional forums were held in different cities in the County of San Bernardino. Flyers were
posted beforehand to inform the public of the meetings. It was also advertised in the local news
newspapers. To maximize attendance, they were offered at different locations and times of the
day. Three meetings were held during the day and three were held in the evening. Appendix
Community Engagement Summary includes a flyer of the public meetings listed.
A total of 61 people attended these forums. Those in attendance included local residents,
service providers, and members of the business community. The notes and feedback were
helpful in identifying priorities, creating a dialogue with the attendees, and gaining input from
stakeholders and the public.
Six community engagement meetings were held in January 2020:
Akoma Unity Center, 1367 N. California Street, San Bernardino, Saturday, January 18,
2020, 9:30 AM-11:30 AM, 15 people in attendance
Rezek Center – St. Bernardine Medical Center, 2101 N. Waterman Ave., San
Bernardino, Tuesday, January 21, 2020, 11 AM–1 PM, 15 people in attendance
Maplewood Homes, 906 Wilson St., San Bernardino, Wednesday, January 22, 2020, 4
PM–5 PM, 20 people in attendance
Olive Meadows, 610 East Olive Street, San Bernardino, Thursday, January 23, 4 PM–5
PM, 2 residents in attendance
Valencia Vista, 950 N. Valencia Ave., San Bernardino, Thursday, January 23, 2020, 5
PM–6:30 PM, X people in attendance
San Bernardino Valley College, 701 S. Mt. Vernon Ave., San Bernardino, Friday,
January 24, 2020, 9 AM – 10:30 PM, 9 people in attendance
Stakeholder Consultations
A combination of in-person meetings, one-on-one phone conversations, and emails were held
as consultations with various service providers to obtain feedback. The feedback was especially
helpful in identifying gaps in services, trends in the local community, and needs relating to
specific services and populations. The agencies that provided feedback are listed in Table 2. A
sample list of questions that were asked during the stakeholder interviews can be found in
Appendix Community Engagement Summary.
Public Hearings and 30-Day Public Review Period of Draft Consolidated Plan
The City will hold a Council public hearing on March 18, 2020 to review the draft ConPlan, and
on April 15, 2020 to review and approve the final plan. The City posted notice of the public
hearings and draft ConPlan on February 27th for the first public hearing and March 12th for
the second hearing. The 30-day public review period began on March 12, 2020 and ended on
April 15, 2020.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 19
Housing Summit
A housing summit was held on February 6, 2020, from 8 AM to 12 PM. The summit gathered
community leaders, agency representatives, service providers, planning professionals, land
developers, business owners, and others to learn the current state of housing, jobs, and
development opportunities. The summit also identified public safety concerns, the need for
diverse housing options (both emergency and long-term), ways to develop new and improve
existing housing stock, how to expand opportunities to advance workforce and build community
wealth, and community health including physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The summit
was also held to help build partnerships to address the City's most immediate needs and learn
new ideas for long-range planning.
Citizen Participation Process Impact on Goal Setting
Feedback from the citizen participation process is essential to setting goals and strategic
planning as it relates to the ConPlan. For example, comments from stakeholders provided
feedback for the Needs Assessment and Market Analysis in the ConPlan, especially concerning
special needs populations, non-housing community development, and barriers to affordable
housing. The results from the survey and comments from the public also helped identify areas
of concern for housing, public services, and community development needs as related to local
data. The feedback was especially useful in assessing the priority needs and goal setting for the
Strategic Plan section of the Consolidated Plan. Additionally, input obtained from community
engagement offered more insight into priority needs and areas needing the most neighborhood
revitalization.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 20
Citizen Participation Outreach
Sort Orde
r
Mode of Out
reach
Target of Ou
treach
Summary o
f
response/a
ttendance
Summary of
comments re
ceived
Summary of co
mments not
accepted
and reasons
URL (If
applica
ble)
1 Public
meetings
Non-
targeted/broad
community
A total of 35
individuals
attended one
community
forum held in
June 2019.
The priority
needs
discussed at
the meetings
were:
Housing:
Housing
programs for
people with
disabilities and
mental health
services
Affordable
housing
N/A N/A
Homeless:
Veteran’s
homeless
assistance
Outreach to
people on the
streets
Services:
Jobs – Need to
bring more
businesses to
San Bernardino
At-risk youth
Public
Facilities:
Facilities for At-
risk youth
Programs for
low-income
communities,
e.g., Olive
Meadows and
Valencia
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 21
Sort Orde
r
Mode of Out
reach
Target of Ou
treach
Summary o
f
response/a
ttendance
Summary of
comments re
ceived
Summary of co
mments not
accepted
and reasons
URL (If
applica
ble)
Public
Improvements:
Downtown
Rehabilitation –
Look at what is
working in
other areas and
implement it in
downtown.
Bring more
social and
community
events.
Need for
pedestrian and
traffic calming
amenities on
9th Street and
Olive Street
and Valencia
Ave
2
Community
Survey
Non-
targeted/broad
community
752 (to be
updated)
responses to
the survey
Survey results
provided input
regarding
needs for
public services,
facilities,
infrastructure,
and housing
needs.
N/A N/A
3 Pop-up Event
Survey
Non-
targeted/broad
community
314
responses to
the survey
Survey results
provided input
regarding
needs for
public services,
facilities,
infrastructure,
and housing
needs.
N/A N/A
4 Newspaper ad
and email to
advertise
public
meetings
Non-
targeted/broad
community
Providers of
services to
community
citizens
Representati
ves from
community
service
organizations
attended
public
meetings.
Provided by
city clerk’s
office in
response to
legal public
noticing
Provided by city
clerk’s office in
response to legal
public noticing
N/A
Table 4 – Citizen Participation Outreach
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 18
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
NA-05 Overview
Needs Assessment Overview
The Needs Assessment collects and analyzes data to demonstrate the extent of housing
problems and housing needs for residents of the City of San Bernardino. The assessment
focuses on affordable housing, special needs housing, community development, and
homelessness. The information in this section was gathered from HUD’s Comprehensive
Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, American Community Survey (ACS) data, and
various other online and City resources.
Salient findings are summarized below, followed by definitions of commonly used terms.
NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment
As seen in Table 5, San Bernardino has a population of 214,115 persons and a total of 57,547
households. Nearly 59 percent of households in San Bernardino (33,760 total) qualify as low- to
moderate- income, earning up to 80 percent of HUD Area Median Family Income (HAMFI).
Low-income households experience housing problems (substandard housing,
overcrowded and severely overcrowded housing, cost burden, and severe cost burden)
at a greater rate, with 90 percent of households experiencing housing problems
qualifying as low income (Table 7).
Housing cost burden is the most common housing problem in the City. The majority of
low income households (72.6 percent) experiencing housing problem are affected with
housing cost burden, which represent almost 20 percent of all San Bernardino
households (Table 7).
The majority (42 percent) of San Bernardino’s extremely low-income households are
small families (four persons or less) (Table 6).
NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems
Building on the identified housing characteristics, this assessment examines whether housing
problems are concentrated among minority groups. Disproportionate need occurs when the rate
of a housing problem within a certain group is 10 percent greater than the jurisdiction rate.
American Indian, Alaska Native households experience housing problems at a
disproportionate rate across all income brackets (Tables 13, 14, 15 and 16).
NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems
This section identifies minority racial and ethnic groups of different income categories that
experience disproportionate need specifically for severe housing problems: severe
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 19
overcrowding and severe cost burden. A household is considered severely overcrowded when
there are more than 1.5 persons per room and severely cost burdened when paying more than
50 percent of household income toward housing costs.
Asian households are disproportionately affected by severe housing problems. Overall,
49 percent of low-moderate income (LMI) Asian households have at least one severe
housing problem compared to all LMI households in the jurisdiction (Table 19).
NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burden
As housing cost burden is the most common housing problem experienced by households in the
City, this section evaluates the minority racial and ethnic groups that exhibit disproportionate
need compared to the jurisdiction as a whole. A household is considered to experience housing
cost burden when at least 30 percent of the monthly income is required to cover housing costs.
As a whole, 23 percent of households in the City are cost burdened and 26 percent are
severely cost burdened (Table 21).
While no households experience disproportionate need, black households have the
highest rates of severe cost burden at 33 percent (Table 21).
NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion
San Bernardino’s minority racial and ethnic groups were found to experience housing problems
at a greater rate of incidence than the region as whole, often exhibiting disproportionate need.
Asian, black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Pacific Islander households are
disproportionately affected by housing problems in the City. Overall, 76 percent of LMI
Black/African American households, 65 percent of LMI Asian households, 82 percent of
LMI American Indian and Alaskan Native households, and 90 percent of LMI Pacific
Islander households have at least one housing problem (NA-15).
Stakeholder consultations conducted with public agencies, advocates, and local experts
have identified the need for transit, workforce training, additional affordable housing in
safe areas, and rehabilitation of existing units for low- to moderate-income households.
NA-35 Public Housing
The City does not have its own housing authority; instead, housing choice vouchers are
administered by the Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino (HACSB). While there
are no public housing units in the City, there are approximately 2,600 voucher holders living in
the City. This assessment examines the characteristics of public housing units in San
Bernardino County and identifies challenges facing voucher holders and public housing
residents.
The average annual income of all vouchers holders is approximately $14,084, which
indicates these voucher holders have limited income to cover basic transportation,
medical, food, and personal needs (Table 23).
5,277 voucher holders (37 percent) have requested some type of accessible feature,
indicating high demand for affordable housing and permanent housing that is equipped
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 20
to support special needs populations, such as persons with disabilities and elderly
persons.
NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment
The extent and nature of homelessness in San Bernardino is discussed in the assessment,
including the chronically homeless, families with children, veterans, and unaccompanied youth.
The City’s understanding of the homeless population primarily relies on the annual San
Bernardino County Homeless Point-In-Time Count, which provides data specific to the City.
As of 2019, there are an estimated 890 persons experiencing homelessness in the City
of San Bernardino; 639 of these individuals are unsheltered homeless and 251 are
sheltered homeless.
Seventy-one percent of the City’s homeless population reported to have lived in San
Bernardino before becoming homeless.
NA-45 Non-Homeless Special Needs Assessment
This assessment identifies special needs populations that are more vulnerable to
homelessness, including elderly, frail elderly, persons with disabilities, single-parent
households, large family households, persons with HIV/AIDS and their families, public housing
residents, and victims of domestic and other similar types of violence.
Based on the consultations with local San Bernardino agencies and service providers,
the City’s services and assistance programs, including those for new immigrants,
persons with mental illness and substance abuse, and persons fleeing domestic
violence, are inadequate to the rising number of persons burdened by these issues.
NA-50 Non-Housing Community Development Needs
Lastly, the Needs Assessment will address the need for public facilities, public improvements,
public services, and other eligible Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) uses. This
information is compiled from the results of the community survey and consultation responses.
In total, 1,011 survey responses were received and approximately 12 stakeholder
organizations participated in the process. Several residents provided feedback at
community meetings and pop-up events.
Priority projects identified by community meeting participants included facilities for at-risk
youth, pedestrian improvements, and traffic-calming measures.
Definitions:
The following are definitions of housing problems and family type that will be further analyzed in
the sections below.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 21
Income:
Low- to Moderate-Income (LMI) – HUD classifies LMI individuals and households as
those whose incomes are at or below 80 percent of the area median family income
(AMI).
Extremely low-income – Households earning 0 percent to 30 percent of the AMI.
Very low-income – Households earning 30 percent to 50 percent of the AMI.
Low-income – Households earning 50 percent to 80 percent of the AMI.
HUD Area Median Family Income (HAMFI) – For the purposes of this Needs
Assessment, the terms “area median income” (AMI) or “median family income” (MFI)
used in CHAS data sources refers to HAMFI.
Housing Problem(s) or Condition(s):
Substandard Housing – Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities. This includes
households without hot and cold piped water, a flush toilet and a bathtub or shower; or
kitchen facilities that lack a sink with piped water, a range or stove, or a refrigerator.
Overcrowded – Households having complete kitchens and bathrooms but housing more
than 1.01 to 1.5 persons per room, excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls, or half-
rooms.
Severely Overcrowded – Households having complete kitchens and bathrooms but
housing more than 1.51 persons per room, excluding bathrooms, porches, foyers, halls,
or half-rooms.
Housing Cost Burden – This is represented by the fraction of a household’s total gross
income spent on housing costs. For renters, housing costs include rent paid by the
tenant plus utilities. For owners, housing costs include mortgage payment, taxes,
insurance, and utilities.
A household is considered to be cost burdened if the household is spending
more than 30 percent of its monthly income on housing costs.
A household is considered severely cost burdened if the household is spending
more than 50 percent of its monthly income on housing costs.
Family Type(s):
Small Related – The number of family households with two to four related members.
Large Related – The number of family households with five or more related members.
Elderly – A household whose head, spouse, or sole member is a person who is at least
62 years of age.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 22
NA-10 Housing Needs Assessment - 24 CFR 91.205 (a,b,c)
Summary of Housing Needs
Demographics Base Year: 2009 Most Recent Year: 2015 % Change
Population 209,924 214,115 2%
Households 57,547 57,580 0%
Median Income $39,405.00 $37,047.00 -6%
Table 5 - Housing Needs Assessment Demographics
Data Source: 2005-2009 ACS (Base Year), 2011-2015 ACS (Most Recent Year)
Number of Households Table
0-30%
HAMFI
>30-50%
HAMFI
>50-80%
HAMFI
>80-100%
HAMFI
>100%
HAMFI
Total Households 13,335 9,795 10,630 6,275 17,550
Small Family Households 5,535 4,230 4,845 2,535 8,815
Large Family Households 2,765 2,225 2,574 1,404 3,150
Household contains at least one person
62-74 years of age 1,735 1,815 1,974 1,199 3,765
Household contains at least one person
age 75 or older 1,085 975 895 509 1,350
Households with one or more children 6
years old or younger 4,204 2,905 3,040 1,610 2,319
Table 6 - Total Households Table
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 23
Housing Needs Summary Tables
Housing Problems (Households with one of the listed needs)
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Substandard
Housing - Lacking
complete
plumbing or
kitchen facilities 355 100 120 20 595 40 0 45 4 89
Severely
Overcrowded -
With >1.51
people per room
(and complete
kitchen and
plumbing) 1,060 490 145 200 1,895 90 90 245 150 575
Overcrowded -
With 1.01-1.5
people per room
(and none of the
above problems) 1,535 905 735 335 3,510 250 375 575 380 1,580
Housing cost
burden greater
than 50% of
income (and none
of the above
problems) 5,310 2,510 370 25 8,215 1,390 1,110 744 170 3,414
Housing cost
burden greater
than 30% of
income (and none
of the above
problems) 555 1,860 2,454 815 5,684 300 785 1,540 804 3,429
Zero/negative
Income (and
none of the above
problems) 920 0 0 0 920 185 0 0 0 185
Table 7 – Housing Problems Table
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 24
Housing Problems 2 (Households with one or more Severe Housing Problems: Lacks kitchen or
complete plumbing, severe overcrowding, severe cost burden)
Renter Owner
0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Having 1 or more of
four housing
problems 8,265 4,005 1,370 580 14,220 1,770 1,575 1,604 710 5,659
Having none of four
housing problems 1,525 2,525 4,059 2,480 10,589 670 1,685 3,590 2,505 8,450
Household has
negative income, but
none of the other
housing problems 920 0 0 0 920 185 0 0 0 185
Table 8 – Housing Problems 2
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Cost Burden > 30%
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Small Related 3,905 2,870 1,635 8,410 705 745 1,165 2,615
Large Related 2,120 1,120 674 3,914 435 685 655 1,775
Elderly 895 830 245 1,970 630 515 524 1,669
Other 1,575 840 680 3,095 230 270 260 760
Total need by
income
8,495 5,660 3,234 17,389 2,000 2,215 2,604 6,819
Table 9 – Cost Burden > 30%
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Cost Burden > 50%
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Small Related 3,710 1,475 245 5,430 595 425 380 1,400
Large Related 1,810 520 35 2,365 345 365 160 870
Elderly 745 495 50 1,290 460 325 194 979
Other 1,385 465 90 1,940 210 145 25 380
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 25
Renter Owner
0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
Total need by
income
7,650 2,955 420 11,025 1,610 1,260 759 3,629
Table 10 – Cost Burden > 50%
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Crowding (More than one person per room)
Renter Owner
0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
>80-
100%
AMI
Total
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
Single family
households 2,310 1,215 695 340 4,560 210 365 530 330 1,435
Multiple, unrelated
family households 280 215 230 150 875 100 100 290 195 685
Other, non-family
households 65 0 0 39 104 30 0 0 10 40
Total need by
income
2,655 1,430 925 529 5,539 340 465 820 535 2,160
Table 11 – Crowding Information – 1/2
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Renter Owner
0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total 0-
30%
AMI
>30-
50%
AMI
>50-
80%
AMI
Total
Households with
Children Present
- - - - - - - -
Table 12 – Crowding Information – 2/2
Describe the number and type of single person households in need of housing
assistance.
According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, there are 11,511 single-person households
in the City, which represents 19 percent of households in San Bernardino (Table 5). Based on
the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, single-person households are primarily persons between
35 and 64 years of age (49 percent); however, persons over 65 years make up 38 percent of
single-person households. The housing needs of seniors may be more problematic to meet than
for other residents since seniors are often living on a fixed income and many have special
housing and care needs. The ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates shows that 17.2 percent of
persons living below the poverty level are seniors over the age of 65 years.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 26
Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance who are
disabled or victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault and
stalking.
Persons with Disabilities: According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, approximately
12.5 percent (26,221 persons) of the population living in San Bernardino was affected by one or
more disabilities. The most prevalent disability affecting this population is ambulatory difficulties,
with 53 percent of persons experiencing disabilities have an ambulatory difficulty. This is closely
followed by cognitive difficulty at 47 percent.
The symptoms and functional impairments that result from disabling health and behavioral
health conditions can make it difficult for people to earn income from employment. Incom e from
disability benefits, such as Supplemental Security Income, is not always sufficient to afford rent
without additional assistance. Of 348 survey respondents in the 2019 San Bernardino Homeless
Point-In-Time Count, 26 unsheltered adults (7.5 percent) in the City reported to have
developmental disabilities and 79 unsheltered adults (22.7 percent) reported to have a mental
health disability or disorder that affect their ability to live independently.
Victims of Domestic Violence: California Department of Justice data reports that calls for
services related to domestic violence in San Bernardino County increased by 51 percent since
2014, with 12,012 calls documented in 2017. This reflects the larger trend of a rise in violent
crime in San Bernardino County. The San Bernardino County Community Indicator Report finds
that violent crime has increased by 20 percent since 2014, and specifically the rate of rape
increased 74 percent since 2014 (California Department of Justice, 2017 data). Domestic
violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking can be precursors to homelessness. The
2019 San Bernardino Homeless Point-In-Time survey identified 35 persons residing in the City
who were experiencing homelessness due to fleeing domestic violence, dating violence, sexual
assault, and stalking, representing 10.1 percent of the 348 persons experiencing homelessness
residing in the City that participated in survey. .
What are the most common housing problems?
As shown in Table 7 (Housing Problems Table), housing cost burden is the most common
housing problem experienced by both renters and homeowners. Of the 57,580 households in
the city, 20 percent experience severe cost burden (more than 50 percent of monthly earnings
going toward housing costs) and 16 percent experience cost burden (more than 30 percent of
monthly earnings going toward housing costs).
Are any populations/household types more affected than others by these
problems?
Across all categories (substandard housing, overcrowding, and cost burden), renter households
consistently experience housing problems at a greater rate than owner-occupied households
(Table 7 – Housing Problems Table). The disparity between renters and homeowners is most
significant for households experiencing severe housing cost burden (more than 50 percent of
monthly earnings going toward housing costs), where of the 11,629 households experiencing
severe cost burden, 71 percent are renting. This is followed by housing cost burden (more than
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 27
30 percent of monthly earnings going toward housing costs), where 62 percent of the total
number of households experiencing cost burden are renting. As discussed in the previous
question, housing cost burden represents the most common housing challenge.
Housing problems are predominantly experienced by extremely low-income households (see
Table 7), particularly extremely low-income renters. With the exception of housing cost burden,
where low-income (50 to 80 percent AMI) households make up the majority of renting
households experiencing cost burden, extremely low-income households consist of at least 40
percent of renters experiencing each housing problem. Further, extremely low-income
households (renter and owner-occupied households) are more likely to experience more than
one housing problem, with over half of households (55 percent) experiencing more than one
housing problem falling within the extremely low-income bracket.
Describe the characteristics and needs of Low-income individuals and families
with children (especially extremely low -income) who are currently housed but are
at imminent risk of either residing in shelters or becoming unsheltered
91.205(c)/91.305(c)). Also discuss the needs of formerly homeless families and
individuals who are receiving rapid re-housing assistance and are nearing the
termination of that assistance
Just over 23 percent of households in San Bernardino (13,335 households) qualify as extremely
low-income (Table 6), largely unchanged since 2015 when the 2015-2019 Consolidated Plan
was prepared. Small families (families of four persons or less) comprise 42 percent (5,535
households) of the City’s extremely low-income households. Further, almost a third (4,204)
extremely low-income households have at least one child six years or younger. Compounding
financial demands that affect low-income families with small children can lead to a high risk of
homelessness. Families that rely on low-wage jobs often work nonstandard and/or inflexible
hours, which can be restrictive to families with both school-age and young children. Additionally,
low-wage jobs have less access to paid leave or health insurance as compared to high-wage
jobs, further exacerbating stress on families with limited resources whe n children experience
injuries and illness.
As evidenced by the number of extremely low-income households experiencing housing cost
burden and severe cost burden, affordable housing is a significant need for extremely low-
income households in the City. Additionally, supportive services such as access to affordable
health care, childcare, nutrition assistance, public transportation, and short-term financial
assistance (first/last month’s rent, security deposit, and moving costs) relieve the financial
burden for extremely low-income families and can help prevent homelessness.
Rapid rehousing assistance is an integral component of San Bernardino County’s response to
homelessness. Based on the Rapid Rehousing Program Standards, Practices, & Model
Guidelines adopted by the San Bernardino County Homeless Partnership in January 2019, the
program prioritizes a “housing first” approach to assisting homeless families with children,
recognizing that the crisis of homelessness is preventative to obtaining housing and maintaining
stability (such as finding affordable housing, employment, assistance programs, etc.). By
providing permanent housing quickly, the family is more likely to establish a stable housing
situation and avoid returning to homelessness. Rapid rehousing provides community benefits
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 28
through improving the effectiveness of the County’s homeless services and reducing demand
for shelters and other temporary solutions.
If a jurisdiction provides estimates of the at-risk population(s), it should also
include a description of the operational definition of the at-risk group and the
methodology used to generate the estimates:
The City generally defines those households of extremely low incomes and those living below
the poverty status to be at risk of becoming homeless. The estimates are based on CHAS data
provided by HUD and on ACS data by the US Census Bureau, respectively.
Specify particular housing characteristics that have been linked with instability
and an increased risk of homelessness
As shown in Tables 8, 9, 10, and 11, housing problems and severe housing problems occur at a
higher rate among very low- and extremely low-income households. Cost burden, overcrowding,
and poor housing conditions, particularly for renters, all link to an instability in housing that can
lead to homelessness. Many low‐income households have difficulty finding reasonably
affordable, suitable rental housing. The lack of options available for these populations leads to
housing problems and severe housing problems. Households in the very low- and extremely
low-income categories live in housing above their means and face cost burden. Alternatively,
they avoid high housing costs by living in substandard housing or with other families or
extended families, which contributes to overcrowding.
Discussion
Overall, this assessment finds that low-income households experience housing problems at a
greater rate than households that do not fall in low-income categories. Housing problems are
more frequent among households that rent their home as compared to households that own
their home. Further, extremely low-income renters make up the majority of household types
experiencing housing problems. Extremely low-income households, for both renter and owner-
occupied households, are more likely to experience more than one housing problem, with over
half of the households (55 percent) experiencing more than one housing problem falling within
the extremely low-income bracket.
The above findings indicate a lack of affordable housing available to low-income renters, but
especially housing that would be affordable to extremely low-income households. Results from
the community meeting corroborate these findings. Attendees identified affordable housing and,
specifically, housing programs that support persons with disabilities and mental health issues as
priority housing needs for the City.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 29
NA-15 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Problems – 91.205 (b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in
comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction
For the purposes of this ConPlan, disproportionately greater need is assumed to exist when the
percentage of persons in a category of need who are members of a particular racial or ethnic
group is at least 10 percentage points higher than the percentage point of persons in the
category as a whole. A household is considered to have a housing problem when their home
lacks complete kitchen or plumbing facilities, when there is more than one person per room, or
when a cost burden (30% or more of income toward housing) exists.
Tables 13, 14, 15, and 16 demonstrate the disproportionately greater need across the lower -
income levels (0%–30%, 30%–50%, and 50%–80% of AMI). Consistently, across each of the
income brackets shown below, American Indian, Alaska Native households experience housing
problems at a disproportionate rate. Conversely, white households never exceed the
jurisdictional rate for housing problems across all households. It should be noted that the
sample sizes for both American Indians, Alaska and Pacific Islander households are
comparatively small, which may mean the data is not accurate.
0%-30% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 10,885 1,340 1,105
White 1,760 255 365
Black / African American 2,400 325 335
Asian 395 165 70
American Indian, Alaska Native 8 0 0
Pacific Islander 10 0 4
Hispanic 6,110 565 255
Table 13 - Disproportionally Greater Need 0 - 30% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More
than one person per room, 4. Cost burden greater than 30%
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 30
30%-50% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 8,225 1,575 0
White 1,360 360 0
Black / African American 1,405 390 0
Asian 230 95 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 15 0 0
Pacific Islander 10 0 0
Hispanic 4,925 695 0
Table 14 - Disproportionally Greater Need 30 - 50% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More
than one person per room, 4. Cost burden greater than 30%
50%-80% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 6,968 3,660 0
White 1,109 920 0
Black / African American 1,120 445 0
Asian 225 125 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 50 15 0
Pacific Islander 20 0 0
Hispanic 4,279 2,080 0
Table 15 - Disproportionally Greater Need 50 - 80% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More
than one person per room, 4. Cost burden greater than 30%
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 31
80%-100% of Area Median Income
Housing Problems
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 2,909 3,360 0
White 555 855 0
Black / African American 470 355 0
Asian 135 185 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 25 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 1,729 1,945 0
Table 16 - Disproportionally Greater Need 80 - 100% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3. More
than one person per room, 4. Cost burden greater than 30%
Discussion
The following summarizes the needs of racial and ethnic households by income bracket. Racial
and ethnic household groups that experience housing problems at disproportionate rates are
bolded.
Eighty-two percent of households with 0%-30% AMI experience at least one severe housing
problem:
One hundred percent of American Indian, Alaska Native households experience at least
one housing problem.
Seventy-one percent of Pacific Islander households experience at least one housing
problem.
Seventy-eight percent of black households experience at least one housing problem.
Seventy-four percent of white households experience at least one housing problem.
Sixty-three percent of Asian households experience at least one housing problem.
Eighty-eight percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Eighty-four percent of households with 30%-50% AMI experience at least one housing problem:
One hundred percent of American Indian, Alaska Native households experience at least
one housing problem.
One hundred percent of Pacific Islander households experience at least one housing
problem.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 32
Seventy-eight percent of black households experience at least one housing problem.
Seventy-nine percent of white households experience at least one housing problem.
Seventy-one percent of Asian households experience at least one housing problem.
Eighty-eight percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Sixty-six percent of households with 50%-80% AMI experience at least one housing problem:
Seventy-seven percent of American Indian, Alaska Native households experience at
least one housing problem.
One hundred percent of Pacific Islander households experience at least one housing
problem.
Seventy-two percent of black households experience at least one housing problem.
Fifty-five percent of white households experience at least one housing problem.
Sixty-four percent of Asian households experience at least one housing problem.
Sixty-seven percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Forty-six percent of households with 80%-100% AMI experience at least one housing problem:
One hundred percent of American Indian, Alaska Native households experience at least
one housing problem.
There is no data for Pacific Islander households in this income bracket.
Fifty-seven percent of black households experience at least one housing problem.
Thirty-nine percent of white households experience at least one housing problem.
Forty-two percent of Asian households experience at least one housing problem.
Forty-seven percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
In summary, American Indian, Alaska Native are disproportionately affected by housing
problems across all categories. Pacific Islander households are disproportionately affected in
almost every category where there is data for their households, with exception for extremely
low-income households (0%-30% AMI).
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 33
NA-20 Disproportionately Greater Need: Severe Housing Problems – 91.205
(b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in
comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction:
A household is considered severely overcrowded when there are more than 1.5 persons per
room and severely cost burdened when paying more than 50 percent of household income
toward housing costs. For renters, housing costs include rent paid by the tenant plus utilities.
For owners, housing costs include mortgage payment, taxes, insurance, and utilities.
Per HUD definitions, disproportionate housing needs are defined as “significant disparities in the
proportion of members of a protected class experiencing a category of housing need when
compared to the proportion of members of any other relevant groups or the total population
experiencing that category of housing need in the applicable geographic area” (24 CFR §
5.152). For the purposes of this ConPlan, a disproportionate need refers to a group that has
housing needs which are at least 10 percentage points higher than the total population.
0%-30% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 10,035 2,195 1,105
White 1,480 540 365
Black / African American 2,280 450 335
Asian 325 230 70
American Indian, Alaska Native 8 0 0
Pacific Islander 10 0 4
Hispanic 5,750 925 255
Table 17 – Severe Housing Problems 0 - 30% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3.
More than 1.5 persons per room, 4. Cost burden over 50%
30%-50% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 34
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 5,580 4,210 0
White 930 790 0
Black / African American 970 825 0
Asian 140 185 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 10 4 0
Pacific Islander 10 0 0
Hispanic 3,295 2,320 0
Table 18 – Severe Housing Problems 30 - 50% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3.
More than 1.5 persons per room, 4. Cost burden over 50%
50%-80% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 2,974 7,649 0
White 414 1,615 0
Black / African American 285 1,280 0
Asian 180 175 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 19 50 0
Pacific Islander 20 0 0
Hispanic 2,020 4,339 0
Table 19 – Severe Housing Problems 50 - 80% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3.
More than 1.5 persons per room, 4. Cost burden over 50%
80%-100% of Area Median Income
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
Jurisdiction as a whole 1,290 4,985 0
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 35
Severe Housing Problems*
Has one or more
of four housing
problems
Has none of the
four housing
problems
Household has
no/negative
income, but none
of the other
housing problems
White 140 1,265 0
Black / African American 155 665 0
Asian 80 245 0
American Indian, Alaska Native 25 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 0
Hispanic 890 2,779 0
Table 20 – Severe Housing Problems 80 - 100% AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
*The four severe housing problems are: 1. Lacks complete kitchen facilities, 2. Lacks complete plumbing facilities, 3.
More than 1.5 persons per room, 4. Cost burden over 50%
Discussion:
The following is an analysis of the rates of severe housing problems amongst racial and ethnic
minorities of different income categories in comparison to the overall rate of severe housing
problems. Racial and ethnic household groups that experience severe housing problems at
disproportionate rate are bolded. Overall, Asian households earning between 50-80 percent
AMI disproportionately experience severe housing problems.
Seventy-five percent of households with 0%-30% AMI experience at least one severe housing
problem:
Seventy-four percent of black households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Sixty-two percent of white households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Fifty-two percent of Asian households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Eighty-three percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Fifty-seven percent of households with 30%-50% AMI experience at least one severe housing
problem:
Fifty-four percent of black households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Fifty-four percent of white households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Forty-three percent of Asian households experience at one severe housing problem.
Fifty-nine percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Twenty-eight percent of households with 50%-80% AMI experience at least one severe housing
problem:
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 36
Eighteen percent of black households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Twenty percent of white households experience at least one severe housing problem.
Fifty-one percent of Asian households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
Thirty-two percent of Hispanic households experience at least one severe housing
problem.
In summary, Asian households are disproportionately affected by severe housing problems.
Overall, 49 percent of LMI Asian households have at least one severe housing problem.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 37
NA-25 Disproportionately Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens – 91.205
(b)(2)
Assess the need of any racial or ethnic group that has disproportionately greater need in
comparison to the needs of that category of need as a whole.
Introduction:
A household is considered cost burdened if they pay more than 30 percent of their household
income toward housing costs.
Per HUD definitions, disproportionate housing needs are defined as “significant disparities in the
proportion of members of a protected class experiencing a category of housing need when
compared to the proportion of members of any other relevant groups or the total population
experiencing that category of housing need in the applicable geographic area” (24 CFR §
5.152). For the purposes of this ConPlan, a disproportionate need refers to a group that has
housing needs which are at least 10 percentage points higher than the total population.
Housing Cost Burden
Housing Cost Burden <=30% 30-50% >50%
No / negative
income (not
computed)
Jurisdiction as a whole 28,175 13,053 15,039 1,315
White 8,355 2,655 2,520 440
Black / African American 3,869 2,325 3,259 335
Asian 1,415 380 595 90
American Indian, Alaska
Native 85 30 60 0
Pacific Islander 35 20 20 4
Hispanic 13,940 7,414 8,160 365
Table 21 – Greater Need: Housing Cost Burdens AMI
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Discussion:
As a whole, 23 percent of households are cost burdened and 26 percent are severely cost
burdened. Approximately 19 percent of white households, 24 percent of black households, 15
percent of Asian households, and 25 percent of Hispanic households are cost burdened. No
households are disproportionately cost burdened or severely cost burdened.
Overall, there is a high rate of cost burden within the City; however, black households have the
highest rates of severe cost burden at 33 percent.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 38
NA-30 Disproportionately Greater Need: Discussion – 91.205(b)(2)
Are there any Income categories in which a racial or ethnic group has
disproportionately greater need than the needs of that income category as a
whole?
Asian, black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Pacific I slander households are
disproportionately affected by housing problems in the City. Overall, 76 percent of LMI
Black/African American households, 65 percent of LMI Asian households, 82 percent of LMI
American Indian and Alaskan Native households, and 90 percent of LMI Pacific Islander
households have at least one housing problem.
Asian households are disproportionately affected by severe housing problems. Overall, 49
percent of LMI Asian households have at least one severe housing problem compared to all LMI
households in the jurisdiction.
Citywide, 23 percent of households are cost burdened and 26 percent are severely cost
burdened. Approximately a quarter of Hispanic households and one-third of all black
households are cost burdened. However, no racial or ethnic groups are disproportionately cost
burdened or severely cost burdened.
Please see discussions in NA-15, NA-20, and NA 25 for more information.
If they have needs not identified above, what are those needs?
Stakeholder consultations have identified the need for transit, workforce training, additional
affordable housing in safe areas, and rehabilitation of existing units for low- to moderate-income
households.
Are any of those racial or ethnic groups located in specific areas or
neighborhoods in your community?
Minority concentration is defined as a census tract where the percentage of individuals of a
particular racial or ethnic minority group is at least 20 percentage points higher than the citywide
average. Minority refers to all ethnic groups other than non-Hispanic white.
The City of San Bernardino is 60 percent white, 16.7 percent black/African American, 5.7
percent Asian, and 64.3 percent Hispanic (regardless of race). The map below displays census
tracts in the City that have a minority concentration. As displayed in Map 1, five census tracts
have a Hispanic minority concentration.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 39
Map 1 – Areas of Minority Concentration
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 40
NA-35 Public Housing – 91.205(b)
Introduction
The HACSB is the regional entity that manages and maintains housing units and administers Housing Choice Voucher programs
across the County, including the City of San Bernardino. There are approximately 2,600 voucher holders in the City of San
Bernardino. The HACSB does not operate any public housing units in the City.
Over 10,700 housing vouchers are currently active countywide. The majority of voucher holders have a tenant-based voucher, which
is a type of voucher that allows the holder to use the voucher at any housing unit where the landlord will accept it. Currently, there
are approximately 31,000 households on the Housing Choice Voucher waiting list for project-based and 23,023 for tenant-based
vouchers. Some households are duplicates.
The following tables describe the number of housing vouchers in use within the County and the demographics of those receiving
vouchers. Data on the number of vouchers in use within the City is unavailable.
Totals in Use
Program Type
Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
# of units vouchers in use 0 0 1,177 5,277 517 4,660 54 0 0
Table 22 - Public Housing by Program Type
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 41
Characteristics of Residents
Program Type
Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Average Annual Income 0 0 13,755 14,084 14,172 13,978 14,467 0
Average length of stay 0 0 6 6 1 7 0 0
Average Household size 0 0 3 2 1 2 1 0
# Homeless at admission 0 0 0 30 1 22 7 0
# of Elderly Program Participants (>62) 0 0 239 1,122 357 754 3 0
# of Disabled Families 0 0 200 1,284 39 1,200 28 0
# of Families requesting accessibility
features 0 0 1,177 5,277 517 4,660 54 0
# of HIV/AIDS program participants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# of DV victims 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 23 – Characteristics of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Race of Residents
Program Type
Race Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 42
Program Type
Race Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
White 0 0 644 2,226 372 1,791 38 0 0
Black/African American 0 0 425 2,911 114 2,763 16 0 0
Asian 0 0 57 94 21 70 0 0 0
American Indian/Alaska
Native 0 0 3 27 5 22 0 0 0
Pacific Islander 0 0 29 12 3 9 0 0 0
Other 0 0 19 7 2 5 0 0 0
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Table 24 – Race of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Ethnicity of Residents
Program Type
Ethnicity Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project -
based
Tenant -
based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled
*
Hispanic 0 0 504 1,326 167 1,132 14 0 0
Not Hispanic 0 0 670 3,951 350 3,528 40 0 0
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home Transition
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 43
Table 25 – Ethnicity of Public Housing Residents by Program Type
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 44
Section 504 Needs Assessment: Describe the needs of public housing tenants and applicants on the waiting list
for accessible units:
As shown in Table 23, the average annual income of all vouchers holders is approximately $14,084, which indicates these voucher
holders have limited income to cover basic transportation, medical, food, and personal needs. As indicated in Table 23, 5,277
voucher holders (37 percent) have requested some type of accessible feature, demonstrating a need. Also, given the number of
persons with disabilities across the County, the need for accessible units would be great. Households in California with at least one
member living with a disability have a median household income of $56,600, approximately $26,000 less than the median household
income ($82,000) of all households.3 Consequently, the need for accessible affordable units would be high.
Additionally, for disabled persons already on the HACSB waiting list, there is a need for case management and comprehensive
support services.
Most immediate needs of residents of Public Housing and Housing Choice voucher holders
The most immediate need is finding housing units and owners that will accept vouchers. Additionally, stakeholder interviews
identified that housing program waiting lists are too long. Furthermore, stakeholders identified a need for assistance in the housing
program application process.
As a Moving-to-Work agency, the HACSB is implementing activities designed to increase the cost effectiveness of federal programs
and increase the amount of affordable, quality housing units. As such, the HACSB is implementing a local project-based voucher
program designed to increase the number of affordable units, a local family self -sufficiency program to increase household income,
and the No Child Left Unsheltered program which provides Housing Choice Vouchers to eligible homeless families.
How do these needs compare to the housing needs of the population at large
Although Housing Choice Vouchers are available to low-income households, the voucher program is unable to accommodate all low-
income households. As discussed in MA-15, there is a gap of 11,445 units for households earning between 0 to 30 percent AMI and
a gap of 2,750 units for households earning between 30 to 50 percent AMI. Moderate- and above moderate-income categories are
more able to secure affordable housing in the City.
3 Cornell University. Disability Statistics. ACS 2017 1-Year Estimate. http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/acs.cfm
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 45
Discussion
Please see discussions above.
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 46
NA-40 Homeless Needs Assessment – 91.205(c)
Introduction:
In the most current County Point-in-Time Count, in 2019, the County identified a total of 2,607 homeless individuals. Of these
individuals, 687 are sheltered and 1,920 are unsheltered. There are an estimated 890 persons experiencing homelessness in the
City of San Bernardino.
Population
Estimate the # of persons
experiencing homelessness on
a given night
Estimate the #
experiencing
homelessness
each year
Estimate the
# becoming
homeless
each year
Estimate the #
exiting
homelessness
each year
Estimate the # of
days persons
experience
homelessness
Sheltered Unsheltered
Persons in Households
with Adult(s) and
Child(ren)
Waiting on this
information
Persons in Households
with Only Children
Persons in Households
with Only Adults
Chronically Homeless
Individuals 54 703
Chronically Homeless
Families 5 34
Veterans 32 175
Unaccompanied Youth 5
Persons with HIV 6 41
If data is not available for the categories "number of persons becoming and exiting homelessness each year,"
and "number of days that persons experience homelessness," describe these categories for each homeless
population type (including chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and
their families, and unaccompanied youth):
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 47
Nature and Extent of Homelessness: (Optional)
Jurisdiction Unsheltered Sheltered Total ’18-’19
%
Change 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
County of San Bernardino 1,443 1,920 675 687 2,118 2,607 23%
City of San Bernardino 333 639 313 251 646 890 37%
Estimate the number and type of families in need of housing assistance for
families with children and the families of veterans.
The 2019 County Point-in-Time count identified 34 homeless families in San Bernardino County.
The count identified four individuals with veteran status within the families surveyed. There were
28 homeless individuals with veteran status residing in the City of San Bernardino.
Describe the Nature and Extent of Homelessness by Racial and Ethnic Group.
Race: Waiting on this information Sheltered: Unsheltered (optional)
Ethnicity: Sheltered: Unsheltered (optional)
Out of the 348 survey respondents residing in the City, 165 (47.4 percent) were white, 81 (23.3
percent) were black, 72 (20.7 percent) were multiple races or other, and 13 (3.7 percent) were
American Indian or Alaskan Native.
Describe the Nature and Extent of Unsheltered and Sheltered Homelessness.
There are approximately 639 unsheltered homeless individuals and 251 sheltered homeless
individuals living in the City. According to the Point-in-Time county survey, 17 percent of
unsheltered homeless individuals residing in the City had been homeless for less than a year;
59 percent were homeless between one and five years; 12 percent were homeless between six
and ten years; and 11 percent were homeless for more than ten years. Seventy-one percent of
respondents stated that they lived in the City of San Bernardino before becoming homeless.
Discussion:
As discussed above, there are approximately 890 homeless individuals residing in the City;
however, as identified in MA-30, there are not enough emergency shelter, transitional, rapid
rehousing, or permanent supportive housing beds to accommodate them. The CoC’s service
capacities have increased within the previous five years; however, there is still a severe need
for beds and additional supportive services.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 48
NA-45 Non-Homeless Special Needs Assessment - 91.205 (b,d)
Introduction:
The following section describes the special needs of the following populations:
Elderly households (defined as 62 years and older)
Persons with mental, physical, and/or developmental disabilities
Large households
Female-headed households
Persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families
Describe the characteristics of special needs populations in your community:
Elderly Households
Many seniors live on fixed incomes, making housing affordability a key issue. Access to properly
sized units, transit, and healthcare are also important concerns of elderly households. Elderly
households may also require residential care from time to time.
Approximately 11 percent of City residents (23,827) are 62 years of age or older.4
Persons with mental, physical, and/or developmental disabilities
Persons with disabilities may require special housing accommodations, such as wheelchair
accessibility and other modifications to live independently. Access to transit is also a high
priority for this population.
According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, 26,221 residents (12.5 percent) are living
with a disability. Of those 65 years and older, 46.5 percent are living with a disability.
Large households
Large households may live in overcrowded conditions. Large households, defined as
households with five or more persons, comprise 24 percent of all households in the City.
Number Percent
1 Person 11,511 19.7%
2 Persons 13,060 22.4%
3 Persons 9,742 16.7%
4 Persons 9,740 16.6%
5 or More Persons 14,332 24.5%
Total Households 58,385 100%
Table 26 – Household Size
4 ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 49
Data Source: ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates
Female-headed households
Female-headed households may have special needs related to accessing childcare and other
supportive services as well as an increased risk of poverty.5 Female-headed households
comprise 35 percent of households with children.
Number Percent
Female-Head of Household 22,603 35.2%
Total Households (of households with children under 18 years) 64,054 100%
Table 27 – Female-headed Households
Data Source: ACS 2013-2017 5-Year Estimates (B09005)
What are the housing and supportive service needs of these populations and how
are these needs determined?
Elderly, disabled, large, and female-headed households are a significant portion of the City’s
population and they have special housing needs that require diverse types of affordable
housing.
When surveyed during the community engagement process, residents selected “create
additional affordable housing available to lower income residents” as the overall highest priority
need in the community. When asked what type of housing assistance would be most helpful, the
highest ranked was “increase affordable rental housing inventory.” Moreover, during stakeholder
interviews, participants said that the community is experiencing an increasing number of
individuals with untreated mental/behavioral health issues, increasing number of domestic
violence victims, lack of services for new immigrants, fewer employment opportunities for
special needs populations, language barriers, lack of elderly services, increasing number of
youth at risk of homelessness, and inaccessible housing stock.
Discuss the size and characteristics of the population with HIV/AIDS and their
families within the Eligible Metropolitan Statistical Area:
HIV/AIDS
Those living with HIV/AIDS and their families require stable and affordable housing in order to
consistently access medical care and avoid hospitalizations.
On the county level, there are approximately 4,401 people living with HIV (PLWH).6
Approximately 3,120 PLWH are currently in care and 2,278 are virally suppressed. Statewide,
5 Household Composition and Poverty among Female‐Headed Households with Children: Differences by Race and
Residence. https://doi.org/10.1526/003601106781262007
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 50
male-to-male sexual contact is the most common transmission mode at 71.4 percent of all new
cases in 2017. Black/African American individuals make up 35.2 percent of all new
transmissions, followed by Hispanic/Latinx individuals at 14.3 percent, American Indian/Alaskan
Native at 10.8 percent, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander at 9.1 percent, white at 8.2
percent, and Asian at 6.7 percent.
Discussion:
The County provides rapid HIV testing, counseling, prevention education, AIDS Drug Assistance
Program (ADAP), and HIV clinic services for clients who do not qualify for any other medical
resources.
People living with HIV/AIDs require affordable housing to maintain consistent access to medical
care, adhere to medical plans, and avoid hospitalizations. They require affordable housing that
will suit their needs, which include proximity to health care centers.
6 California HIV Surveillance Report 2017.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DOA/CDPH%20Document%20Library/California%20HIV%20Surveillance%
20Report%20-%202017.pdf
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 51
NA-50 Non-Housing Community Development Needs – 91.215 (f)
Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Facilities:
Community meetings identified the need for facilities for at -risk youth, pedestrian improvements,
and traffic-calming measures.
Once community engagement is completed the results will be added.
How were these needs determined?
The needs were consulted through extensive community engagement efforts including a survey,
stakeholder interviews, community meetings, and pop-up events. The survey and pop-up events
sought to solicit feedback from City residents, while stakeholder interviews focused on
community development practitioners and experts. The survey was made available in four
languages and online. In total, 1,011 survey responses were received and approximately 12
stakeholder organizations participated in the process. Several residents provided feedback at
community meetings and pop-up events.
Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Improvements:
Once community engagement is completed the results will be added.
How were these needs determined?
See the description of community engagement above.
Describe the jurisdiction’s need for Public Services:
Stakeholders identified the need for the following public services:
Crime reduction;
Domestic violence services;
Family self-sufficiency programs;
Mental health services;
Tech literacy education;
Vocational training for those with criminal backgrounds; and
Youth life skill education.
Feedback at community meetings identified the need for:
Services for at-risk youth
Neighborhood revitalization
Once community engagement is completed the results will be added.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 52
How were these needs determined?
See the description of community engagement above.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 54
MARKET ANALYSIS
MA-05 Overview
Housing Market Analysis Overview:
This overview summarizes the key points of each section of the market analysis and sets a
basis for some of the funding priorities listed in the Strategic Plan. The Market Anal ysis
identifies the City’s housing market, which includes the housing stock, the cost of housing in the
City, housing needs for low-income and special needs populations, and barriers to the
development of new housing, especially affordable housing.
As with many suburban cities, the City of San Bernardino is made up mostly of one-unit
detached structures. Multiunit structures make up the second highest portion of housing stock.
Multifamily units have increased more rapidly than single-family development, but only by
approximately two percentage points. The cost of home purchase is more affordable in the City
of San Bernardino compared to other cities in California. However, like the rest of the state, San
Bernardino has followed the same trend of steadily increasing costs for both homeownership
and renting. Housing stock is aging; nearly 70 percent of residential units were built prior to
1980.
There are many housing resources in the City and County for low-income, special needs, and
homeless households. The Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino (HACSB) is the
largest provider of affordable housing in the County. The HACSB owns and/or manages more
than 10,000 housing units and serves approximately 30,000 individuals throughout the County.
For special needs, in the City of San Bernardino alone, there are 39 adult residential facilities
providing capacity to accommodate 835 persons; there are 24 residential elder care facilities in
the City that accommodate 505 persons. Finally, the City utilizes the Emergency Solutions
Grant (ESG) program to support services that include emergency shelter, rapid rehousing,
homelessness prevention, street outreach, and HMIS costs.
There continue to be barriers to the provision of affordable housing. But through many initiatives
and supportive services funded by local and federal resources, efforts are continuously being
made to increase affordable housing units, provide supportive services and job training, and
offer other tools to build the workforce for a strong community.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 55
MA-10 Number of Housing Units – 91.210(a)&(b)(2)
Introduction
The City is made up mostly of one-unit detached structures, at 61 percent of residential
properties. Multiunit structures make up the second highest percentage at 19 percent of the
housing stock. From 2000 to the present, the development of housing stock has only increased
by three to five percentage points, with multifamily units increasing more rapidly than single -
family detached by approximately two percentage points.
Vacant land is available for immediate residential development in the City. Opportunities for
development are identified in maps in the City’s Housing Element. City policies and goals make
evident that the City is committed to both redevelopment and new development. Areas of
opportunity include infill housing and new development in the Downtown Core as well as along
major corridors.7
A healthy vacancy rate is associated with choice and mobility. A healthy vacancy rate for owner -
occupied housing is 2-3 percent and 5-6 percent for rental units. In 2010, the vacancy rate for
owner-occupied housing was 3.7 percent; in 2017 it was 1.3 percent, 0.7 percent below the
range considered healthy. In 2010, the renter-occupied rate was 6.9 percent, above the healthy
range by 0.9 percent. By 2017, the rental vacancy rate returned to the healthy range at 6
percent.
Residential mobility is influenced by tenure. Ownership housing is associated with a much lower
turnover rate than rental housing. Tenure preferences are primarily related to household
income, composition, and age of the householder. Between 2010 and 2017, the number of
occupied units decreased, and tenure shifted from majority owner-occupied units to majority
renter-occupied units.
All residential properties by number of units
Property Type Number %
1-unit detached structure 37,940 61%
1-unit, attached structure 2,825 5%
2-4 units 5,660 9%
5-19 units 6,460 10%
20 or more units 5,755 9%
Mobile Home, boat, RV, van, etc 4,045 6%
Total 62,685 100%
Table 28 – Residential Properties by Unit Number
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
7 City of San Bernardino, 2013-2021 Housing Element, January 2014.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 56
Unit Size by Tenure
Owners Renters
Number % Number %
No bedroom 215 1% 1,135 4%
1 bedroom 675 3% 7,460 24%
2 bedrooms 5,620 21% 12,530 41%
3 or more bedrooms 20,520 76% 9,424 31%
Total 27,030 101% 30,549 100%
Table 29 – Unit Size by Tenure
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Describe the number and targeting (income level/type of family served) of units
assisted with federal, state, and local programs.
The City has a total of 25 assisted multifamily housing projects that provide 3,034 affordable
housing units. Fourteen projects (San Bernardino Senior Housing, Sierra Vista, Monte Vista,
Buena Vista, Hacienda, AHEPA 302 Apartments, Arrowhead Vista, The Magnolia, Casa
Bernadine, Casa Ramona, Jeffrey Court, Laurel Place, Light’s Rancho Linda, and The Plaza)
are designated as affordable senior communities and have a combined total of 1,329 units.
Most of the City’s affordable housing was funded by HUD, including Section 202, Section 108,
PRAC, HOME, or HFDA. Many projects were also financed through Low Income Housing Tax
Credits (LIHTC). Affordable housing units also received funding through the former
redevelopment agency or bonds. The HACSB also assisted with the development of the
Medical Center Apartments (287 affordable units).
The City falls within the jurisdiction of the HACSB. The HACSB administers the Housing Choice
Voucher program, which provides rental assistance to income-eligible residents of San
Bernardino by providing monthly rental assistance to participants who rent from a private
landlord but pay only 30 percent of the monthly rental payment, with the rest paid to the landlord
by HUD. In 2018, the HACSB provided 10,120 housing choice vouchers throughout San
Bernardino County and 2,669 vouchers were issued to San Bernardino City residents.
Provide an assessment of units expected to be lost from the affordable housing
inventory for any reason, such as expiration of Section 8 contracts.
Assisted units convert to market rate when affordable housing contracts expire. In addition,
many of the City’s affordable housing projects were assisted with project-based Section 8
contracts and a significant number of these units are considered at risk of converting to market -
rate housing due to expiration of subsidy contracts. A total of 15 projects, with a combined total
of 1,627 affordable units, are at risk of losing their affordability status before 2020.
HACSB does not anticipate losing affordable housing units due to expiration of contracts in the
next five years.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 57
Does the availability of housing units meet the needs of the population?
Findings in the data show that there is not enough adequate housing affordable to LMI
households, especially for extremely low- and very low-income households. Affordable units
accommodate only half the number of households in the 0-30 percent and 30-50 percent HAMFI
categories, creating an insufficient amount of housing for households at these income levels.
There is a surplus of affordable units for households in the 50-80 percent and the 80-100
percent HAMFI categories.
Describe the need for specific types of housing:
According to data gathered through community outreach, there is a lack of single-family and
other quality housing development. Existing housing stock is also in need of rehabilitation. The
primary housing problem is affordability; households in the middle and lower-income categories
have difficulty affording homeownership. A need for affordable rental housing is a top need but
owner-occupied housing is considered one of the more critical housing needs in the community.
The community outreach process also revealed a need for housing for persons with mental and
physical disabilities.
The needs identified through community outreach are substantiated in the CHAS 2011-2015
data. As shown in Table 29, Unit Size by Tenure, renters in the City outnumber homeowners by
13 percent. Renters also tend to reside in smaller units: 3-bedroom units are occupied by
owners by 2.18 times that of renters, whereas most no-bedroom, 1-bedroom, and 2-bedroom
units are occupied by renters (69 percent).
Discussion
See discussion above.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 58
MA-15 Housing Market Analysis: Cost of Housing - 91.210(a)
Introduction
Housing costs have the potential to cause housing problems in a community. If housing costs
are high relative to household income, there will be a higher rate of cost burden and
overcrowding. According to HUD, families who pay more than 30 percent of their income toward
housing costs are considered cost burdened and may have difficulty affording necessities such
as food, clothing, transportation and medical care. This section analyzes the cost of housing in
the City of San Bernardino.
That the purchase price of homes is significantly higher statewide than in the City is not an
indication of affordability, but rather what may motivate homebuyers to move into the area and
increase the overall demand for housing. Like the rest of the state, San Bernardino has followed
the same trend of steadily increasing costs for both homeownership and renting.
Base Year: 2009 Most Recent Year: 2015 % Change
Median Home Value 270,200 159,800 (41%)
Median Contract Rent 780 813 4%
Table 30 – Cost of Housing
Data Source: 2005-2009 ACS (Base Year), 2011-2015 ACS (Most Recent Year)
Rent Paid Number %
Less than $500 4,200 13.8%
$500-999 17,740 58.1%
$1,000-1,499 7,279 23.8%
$1,500-1,999 1,155 3.8%
$2,000 or more 180 0.6%
Total 30,554 100.0%
Table 31 – Rent Paid
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Housing Affordability
% Units affordable to
Households earning
Renter Owner
30% HAMFI 1,890 No Data
50% HAMFI 4,130 2,915
80% HAMFI 18,415 7,975
100% HAMFI No Data 11,994
Total 24,435 22,884
Table 32 – Housing Affordability
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 59
Monthly Rent
Monthly Rent ($) Efficiency (no
bedroom)
1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Bedroom 4 Bedroom
Fair Market Rent 826 986 1232 1717 2132
High HOME Rent 800 859 1033 1184 1301
Low HOME Rent 628 673 808 933 1041
Table 33 – Monthly Rent
Data Source: HUD FMR and HOME Rents, 2019.
Is there sufficient housing for households at all income levels?
Findings in the data show that there is not enough adequate housing affordable to LMI
households, especially for extremely low- and very low-income households. Overall, affordable
units accommodate only half the number of households in the 0-30 percent and 30-50 percent
HAMFI categories, creating an insufficient amount of housing for households at these income
levels.
According to the CHAS 2011-2015 data, approximately 13,335 households are at 0-30 percent
AMI, yet there are only 1,890 rental units available that are affordable to these households (no
data is available on homeowner units).
For the approximately 9,795 households in the City that are at 30-50 percent AMI, 4,130 rental
units are affordable and 2,915 units are affordable for ownership.
There is a surplus of affordable units for some of the 10,630 households in the 50-80 percent
HAMFI bracket: there are approximately 18,415 rental units and 7,975 ownership units
affordable to these households.
The same is true of the 6,275 households in the City that are in the 80-100 percent HAMFI
bracket: there are 11,994 units that are affordable to households earning 100 percent HAMFI,
again, creating a surplus of affordable units for households in this range.
Households
earning
Renter
Affordable Units
Owner
Affordable Units
Households Units
Needed
30% HAMFI 1,890 No Data 0-30% HAMFI - 13,335 11,445
50% HAMFI 4,130 2,915 >30-50% HAMFI - 9,795 2,750
80% HAMFI 18,415 7,975 >50-80% HAMFI - 10,630 (15,760)
100% HAMFI No Data 11,994 >80-100% HAMFI - 6,275 (5,719)
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 60
How is affordability of housing likely to change considering changes to home
values and/or rents?
As illustrated in the table below, home prices in the City of San Bernardino are low compared to
those of the state. However, the median single-family home price has increased by 25 percent
since 2016.
According to the ACS 2015-2018 5-Year Estimates, the majority of renters have consistently
spent between $500 and $1,499 between 2015 and 2018; renters spending between $1,500 to
$1,999 doubled during the same time period. Overall, San Bernardino is experiencing an
increase in rental housing costs. Between 2015 and 2018, the median rent increased from $976
to $1,068. As shown in the table below, both the lowest cost categories (up to $999) and the
highest cost categories ($2,000-$2,999) decreased as a percentage of the rental market.
Based upon market data for home prices and rental units, it can be expected that costs will
increase, by small percentages.
Source: California Association of Realtors
Rental Housing Cost, 2015
through 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
Less than $500 7.60% 8.50% 8.20% 7.60%
$500 to $999 45.70% 45.20% 38.40% 35.70%
$1,000 to $1,499 35.00% 31.70% 35.60% 38.30%
$1,500 to $1,999 8.40% 12.20% 15.00% 16.30%
$2,000 to $2,499 3.00% 2.40% 2.00% 1.80%
$2,500 to $2,999 0.30% 0.00% 0.80% 0.40%
Median 976 971 1,038 1,068
Median Home Purchase Price for State of California and City of San Bernardino, 2015 through
2019
2016 2017 2018 2019
State City State City State City State City
Jan $467,160 $234,460 $491,840 $245,440 $527,780 $277,000 $537,120 $290,000
Feb $444,780 $226,870 $480,270 $265,000 $522,440 $278,000 $534,140 $298,250
Mar $484,120 $237,350 $518,600 $260,000 $564,830 $280,000 $565,880 $309,950
Apr $509,240 $236,850 $537,950 $255,500 $584,460 $289,900 $602,920 $305,000
May $519,930 $245,080 $550,239 $272,500 $600,860 $285,000 $611,190 $315,000
Jun $518,980 $245,220 $555,410 $270,000 $602,770 $293,250 $610,720 $310,000
Jul $511,420 $248,000 $549,460 $266,250 $591,230 $292,000 $607,990 $312,000
Aug $527,490 $240,500 $565,330 $269,950 $596,410 $290,000 $617,410 $315,000
Sep $516,450 $251,750 $555,410 $279,000 $578,850 $300,000 $605,680 $315,000
Oct $513,520 $245,000 $546,430 $274,450 $572,000 $289,000
Nov $502,490 $250,000 $546,820 $280,000 $554,760 $299,450
Dec $510,560 $255,000 $546,550 $278,000 $557,600 $295,000
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 61
Rental Housing Cost, 2015
through 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018
No Rent Paid 924 788 1,001 509
Occupied units paying rent 30,703 31,350 29,844 30,969
Source: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ACS 1-Year Estimates.
How do HOME rents / Fair Market Rent compare to Area Median Rent? How might
this impact your strategy to produce or preserve affordable housing?
The median gross rent for San Bernardino, according to the ACS 2018 1-Year Estimate, was
$1,068; however, the HUD fair market rent for a three-bedroom is higher at $1,717.
According to the number of units available, there is a need to develop affordable units for
extremely low- to very low-income households. HUD defines cost burden as 30 percent or more
of family’s household income spent on housing costs, including utilities.8 Affordable housing
cost then would be 30 percent or less of a household’s income. The HAMFI for the Riverside-
San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA is $69,700. Affordable rent for a family of four, earning 80
percent of the area median family income, or $55,760, would be $1,436; for a family earning a
very low income of 35,900, $894; and for a family earning extremely low income of 25,750,
$644. A strategy to address affordable housing needs would be to put HOME and CDBG dollars
toward affordable housing construction for extremely low- and very low-income households.
Discussion
See discussion above.
8 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “Affordable Housing,” under “Community Planning and
Development,” https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/ [accessed February 5,
2020].
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 62
MA-20 Housing Market Analysis: Condition of Housing – 91.210(a)
Introduction
This section of the ConPlan discusses existing housing supply, age and condition of housing,
the number of vacant and abandoned units, and the risk posed by lead-based paint.
As discussed in MA-10, 61 percent of the housing stock in the City of San Bernardino is single-
family detached. Multiunit structures make up the second highest percentage at 19 percent of
housing stock. As is common in many cities in the nation, most residential development in the
City occurred between 1950 and 1979.
The following section describes the conditions of the housing stock in the City. HUD defines
housing “conditions” similarly to the definition of housing problems discussed in the Needs
Assessment. These conditions are:
1. More than one person per room;
2. Cost burden greater than 30 percent;
3. Lack of complete plumbing; and
4. Lack of complete kitchen facilities.
Definitions
In the City of San Bernardino, substandard housing conditions may consist of the following:
structural hazards, poor construction, inadequate maintenance, faulty wiring, plumbing, fire
hazards, and inadequate sanitation. Substandard units suitable for rehabilitation are those units
where the total rehabilitation costs do not exceed 25 percent of the after-rehabilitation value.
Condition of Units
Condition of Units Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
With one selected Condition 10,325 38% 16,544 54%
With two selected Conditions 1,080 4% 4,305 14%
With three selected Conditions 10 0% 160 1%
With four selected Conditions 0 0% 20 0%
No selected Conditions 15,620 58% 9,515 31%
Total 27,035 100% 30,544 100%
Table 34 – Condition of Units
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 63
Year Unit Built
Year Unit Built Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
2000 or later 2,265 8% 1,530 5%
1980-1999 6,644 25% 8,275 27%
1950-1979 12,720 47% 15,580 51%
Before 1950 5,405 20% 5,155 17%
Total 27,034 100% 30,540 100%
Table 35 – Year Unit Built
Data Source: 2011-2015 CHAS
Risk of Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Risk of Lead-Based Paint Hazard Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Number % Number %
Total Number of Units Built Before 1980 18,125 67% 20,735 68%
Housing Units built before 1980 with children present 4,650 17% 1,905 6%
Table 36 – Risk of Lead-Based Paint
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS (Total Units), 2011-2015 CHAS (Units with Children present)
Vacant Units
Suitable for
Rehabilitation
Not Suitable for
Rehabilitation
Total
Vacant Units 3,570 0 0
Abandoned Vacant Units 0 0 0
REO Properties 193 0 193
Abandoned REO Properties 0 0 0
Table 37 - Vacant Units
Data Source: Vacant Units, 2017 ACS 1-Year Estimates;
San Bernardino, CA REO, Realtytrac.com, January 27, 2020.
Need for Owner and Rental Rehabilitation
Most occupied units were built before 1980. Sixty-eight percent of renter-occupied units and 67
percent of owner-occupied units were built prior to 1980. For units built between 1950 and 1979,
renters outnumber owners by nearly 25 percent. The disproportionate share of renters that
occupy older units could indicate a more urgent need for the rehabilitation of rental units in the
City. The high percentage of older units, both owned-occupied and renter-occupied, indicates
the potential need for rehabilitation for both.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 64
Estimated Number of Housing Units Occupied by Low or Moderate Income
Families with LBP Hazards
To estimate the number of housing units in the City with lead-based paint (LBP) hazards that
are occupied by LMI families, the building age of each unit is evaluated. The use of LBP on
residential units was prohibited after 1978, but for the sake of this plan, the number of units built
before 1980 will be used to determine how many LMI households are at risk of LBP hazards.
The 2011-2015 ACS data in Table 36 shows that approximately 38,860 units in San Bernardino
were built before 1980 and could be at risk of LBP.
Based upon the 2012-2016 CHAS data, approximately 31,062 residential units built prior to
1980 are occupied by LMI families and are at risk of exposure to LBP hazards.
Discussion
The City will continue to develop policies to rehabilitate older and abandoned housing in the City
in an effort to fulfill its Regional Housing Need Allocation (RHNA) obligation and provide housing
to LMI households.
The City will continue efforts to reduce LBP hazards in housing constructed prior to 1978 and
assisted through the Owner Occupied Residential Rehabilitation Program by testing for LBP. If
LBP is found, safe work practices or abatement procedures will be included in the scope of work
for the rehabilitation. All City procedures for the prevention of LBP poisoning when working on
residential structures will comply with 24 CFR Part 35.
The City still has several abandoned homes that have been foreclosed, have deteriorated, and
have been vandalized. In Ward 1, there is a focus on the City’s Single-Family Unit Acquisition
and Rehabilitation program, but foreclosed homes citywide are eligible properties. The City has
identified providers, including Housing Partners 1, Inc. and Neighborhood Housing Service of
the Inland Empire, to rehabilitate, manage, market, and close the sale of foreclosed homes.9
9 City of San Bernardino, 2013-2021 Housing Element, January 2014.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 65
MA-25 Public and Assisted Housing – 91.210(b)
Introduction
The HACSB is the largest provider of affordable housing in the County. The HACSB owns
and/or manages more than 10,000 housing units and serves approximately 30,000 individuals
throughout the County. Currently, the HACSB does not anticipate awarding new project-based
vouchers.10
Totals Number of Units
Program Type
Certificate Mod-
Rehab
Public
Housing
Vouchers
Total Project
-based
Tenant
-based
Special Purpose Voucher
Veterans
Affairs
Supportive
Housing
Family
Unification
Program
Disabled*
# of units
vouchers
available 0 0 1,321 8,678 552 8,126 352 1,109 834
# of accessible
units - - - - - - - - -
Table 38 – Total Number of Units by Program Type
*includes Non-Elderly Disabled, Mainstream One-Year, Mainstream Five-year, and Nursing Home
Transition
Data Source: PIC (PIH Information Center)
Describe the supply of public housing developments:
Under the FY12 HUD appropriations act, the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) program
allows public housing agencies (PHAs) to convert their public housing units from their original
sources of HUD financing to project-based Section 8 contracts. Similar to the Section 8 Housing
Choice Voucher (HCV) program, income eligible tenants pay 30 percent of their income and the
project-based rental assistance makes up the difference between what an extremely low-, low-,
or very low-income household can afford and the approved rent for the unit. Tenants would
have the option of applying to renew the Section 8 contract. As of FY 2020, all public housing
units under the HACSB will be converted to project-based vouchers, commonly referred to as
Section 8 units. Planned existing project-based voucher properties include:
Family Community, New Development – 333 units
Family Community, Existing Development – 434 units
RAD Conversion, Existing Public Housing Community – 1,003 units
Senior Community, Existing Development – 349 units
Family & Senior Community, New Development – 11 units
10 2020 Moving to Work Annual Plan, Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 66
Veterans’ Housing, New Development – 37
Permanent Supportive Housing for Chronically Homeless – 69
Veterans’ Housing, Scattered Sites – 12
In June 2018, the City of San Bernardino received $20 million from the state’s Strategic Growth
Council through the California Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities program. The
funding has been prioritized to revitalize the Arrowhead Grove neighborhood, formerly the
Waterman Gardens Public Housing site, and the adjacent corridor. The project will include 147
affordable housing units and 36 market-rate units, along with pedestrian and transit
improvements that will benefit the community at large. The National Community Renaissance
(National CORE), an affordable housing developer, has partnered with the HACSB for the
project.
Describe the number and physical condition of public housing units in the
jurisdiction, including those that are participating in an approved Public Housing
Agency Plan:
As mentioned above, all units under the HACSB will be converted to project-based vouchers,
commonly referred to as Section 8 units. The primary benefit of RAD is that properties that
convert under this process are no longer restricted from securing private sources of capital
financing, and the owners are therefore able to address deferred maintenance issues that have
caused public housing and other HUD rental stock to deteriorate nationwide. HACSB refers to
housing projects as Asset Management Projects (AMPs).
The initial phase of the RAD conversion included rehabilitation at the following sites:
97 scattered site units in AMP 120
330 units in AMP 130 (Maplewood Homes)
75 units in AMP 150 (Brockton site 19-05)
50 units in AMP 160 (Monte Vista site 19-06)
In September 2018, the second phase of the RAD conversion of public housing units closed and
rehabilitation work identified under the RAD physical needs assessments commenced. The
second phase of the conversion included the following sites:
12 scattered site units in AMP 150 (E. 9th Street)
125 units in AMP 160 (Colton sites 19-04 & 19-10)
217 units in AMP 170 (Barstow sites 19-07, 19-12, 19-13 and Deseret)
Public Housing Condition
Public Housing Development Average Inspection Score
WATERMAN GARDENS 64
Table 39 – Public Housing Condition
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 67
Describe the restoration and revitalization needs of public housing units in the
jurisdiction:
The HACSB has received approval under HUD’s RAD program to convert its entire public
housing portfolio. As of FY 2020, all units have been or will be converted to project-based
vouchers, commonly referred to as Section 8 units.
Describe the public housing agency's strategy for improving the living
environment of low - and moderate-income families residing in public housing:
The HACSB works to facilitate opportunities for families and individuals to become self -sufficient
and financially independent so that they can transition from dependency on housing subsidy
through the following strategies:
Develop and maintain policies, programs, and services that foster accountability,
responsibility, and economic independence.
Partner with external organizations to support clients in acquiring life skills, education,
and training.
Strengthening tenants’ personal accountability and in transitioning to home
ownership/market rentals.
In addition to implementing non-MTW activities to address the goal of self-sufficiency, the
HACSB has implemented nine MTW activities that address this goal: Local Policies for
Portability, Elimination of Earned Income Disallowance, Minimum Rent, Pilot Work
Requirement, Local Income Inclusion, implementation of a local Family Self Sufficiency
program, Term-Limited Lease Assistance Program, No Child Left Unsheltered, and Transition
for Over-Income Families.11
Discussion:
See discussion above.
11
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 68
MA-30 Homeless Facilities and Services – 91.210(c)
Introduction
The City of San Bernardino assists homeless populations through funding supportive service providers in the community. The Ci ty
has traditionally provided funding through the ESG program to support services that include emergency shelter, rapid rehousing,
homelessness prevention, street outreach, and HMIS costs.
Facilities and Housing Targeted to Homeless Households
Emergency Shelter Beds Transitional
Housing Beds
Permanent Supportive Housing
Beds
Year Round Beds
(Current & New)
Voucher /
Seasonal /
Overflow Beds
Current & New Current & New Under
Development
Households with Adult(s) and Child(ren) 252 17 145 695 0
Households with Only Adults 176 0 101 833 0
Chronically Homeless Households N/A 0 N/A 652 0
Veterans 29 0 5 712 0
Unaccompanied Youth 5 0 0 3 0
Table 40 – Facilities and Housing Targeted to Homeless Households
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 69
Describe mainstream services, such as health, mental health, and employment
services to the extent those services are used to complement services targeted to
homeless persons
Many organizations in San Bernardino, including businesses, civic groups, corporations,
educational institutions, faith-based organizations, local government, and nonprofit agencies,
provide financial assistance, food, health care, clothing, legal assistance, public assistance,
rental assistance, and utility assistance at little or no cost. Mainstream benefit programs such as
CalFresh, Medicaid/Medi-Cal, Social Security Disability Income (SSDI), Supplemental Security
Income (SSI), and Veteran’s Benefits are available to homeless persons in the City.
Additionally, the Homeless Provider Network (HPN) acts as an advocate for homeless
populations and those at risk of becoming homeless. The HPN facilitates the collaboration
between the public and private sectors to coordinate services to assist and prevent
homelessness. Member organizations of the HPN meet monthly.
List and describe services and facilities that meet the need s of homeless
persons, particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with
children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth. If the services
and facilities are listed on screen SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure or screen
MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services, describe how these facilities and
services specifically address the needs of these populations.
The City works with various agencies and provides referrals for services to homeless
populations and those at risk of homelessness:
Community Action Partnership of San Bernardino County (CAPS) – provides homeless
persons and those at risk of homelessness with temporary rental assistance, financial
literacy education, and linkages to other support services;
Family Service Association of Redlands (FSA) – provides emergency shelter (motel
vouchers), wraparound services, and case management to prevent homelessness;
Lutheran Social Services (LSSSC) – provides emergency shelter as a "bridge" to
permanent housing, and wraparound services to help homeless men 18 years and older
to achieve self-sufficiency;
Step Up on Second – provides supportive services which begin with engagement and
street outreach activities; and
The Salvation Army Hospitality House – provides emergency shelter, referrals to
permanent housing services, and meals to families and single females and experiencing
homelessness.
Other agencies in the County providing services to address homelessness include:
Catholic Charities San Bernardino
High Desert Homeless Services, Inc.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 70
Victor Valley Family Resource Center
Time for Change Foundation provides emergency shelter services to women and children as
well as permanent housing. Helping Hands Pantry, a food bank serves the communities of the
County of San Bernardino. Programs of the Helping Hands Pantry include a mobile food pantry
and the College Student Food Assistance Program for students who do not have the resources
to buy enough food.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 71
MA-35 Special Needs Facilities and Services – 91.210(d)
Introduction
There are 39 adult residential facilities in the City of San Bernardino. Such facilities provide safe
and secure places for the elderly and disabled to stay while their primary caretakers work or run
errands. In January 2020, there were 60 licensed adult residential facilities in the City with the
capacity to accommodate a total of 835 persons.
Residential care facilities for the elderly are family homes, group care facilities, or other similar
facilities in which non-medical care is provided 24 hours per day to support daily activities and
ensure personal security of the elderly. There are 24 residential elder care facilities in the City
that accommodate 505 persons.
Including the elderly, frail elderly, persons with disabilities (mental, physical,
developmental), persons with alcohol or other drug addictions, persons with
HIV/AIDS and their families, public housing residents and any other categories
the jurisdiction may specify, and describe their supportive housing needs
Seniors
Seniors may have special housing needs primarily due to income, health care costs, and
physical or mental disabilities, particularly those that tend to increase with age. As a result,
seniors may face difficulty in finding housing and may become victims of housing discrimination
or fraud. According to the 2011-2015 ACS, approximately 15,302 persons 62 years and older
reside in the City, representing seven percent of the total population. The senior population is
growing at a faster pace than the overall population. According to the ACS, between 2010 and
2017, the total number of seniors in San Bernardino increased by more than 12 percent while
the City’s total population increased by only 2.5 percent.
Persons with Disabilities
Disabled persons frequently have special housing needs, often related to a potentially limited
ability to earn enough income, a lack of accessible and affordable housing, and higher health
costs associated with a disability. Persons with self-care and mobility limitations may also
require housing design features such as wheelchair ramps, grab bars, special bathroom
designs, and/or wider doorway openings.
According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, 12.5 percent of San Bernardino residents
reported a disability, a decrease from the 2009-2013 estimates, which estimated that 13.2
percent of the population had one or more disabilities.
Approximately 16.5 percent of those between the ages of 35 to 64 reported having a disability.
Approximately 38.5 percent of those between the ages of 65 to 74 reported having a disability,
which is approximately 8 percent higher than the County level. For those 75 years and older,
60.9 percent of the population reported having a disability, which is approximately 5 percent
higher than the County level.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 72
A major challenge facing the City is the availability of housing stock with accessible features that
meet the needs of disabled residents and their families. The ACS 2014-2018 5-Year estimates
showed that 14.2 percent, or 2,586, residents above the age of 65 were living below the poverty
level. Living below the poverty level further limits resources and puts an additional constraint on
the already limited housing options available to seniors with a disability.
Community outreach also revealed a need for housing programs with mental health services for
people with mental and physical disabilities.
Drugs/Alcohol
The County of San Bernardino provides alcohol and drug services through the Substance Use
Disorder and Recovery Services (SUDRS) program. Services are available to all County
residents.
Additionally, Supervised Treatment After Release (STAR) is the treatment component of the
Mental Health Court System of Care. Individuals are generally referred while incarcerated in the
West Valley Detention Center. STAR arranges for:
Day treatment
Intensive case management
Residential placement
Drug and alcohol treatment
Periodic court reviews
HIV/AIDS
The National Commission on AIDS states that up to half of all Americans with HIV or AIDS are
either homeless or at imminent risk of becoming homeless because of their illness, lack of
income or other resources, and having a weak support network. Persons with HIV/AIDS may
also require a broad range of services, including counseling, medical care, in-home care,
transportation assistance, and food provision.
Describe programs for ensuring that persons returning from mental and physical
health institutions receive appropriate supportive housing
The City has worked with St. Bernadine Hospital to transition homeless individuals who are
being discharged from the hospital into bridge housing and ultimately transition into permanent
housing. The City will continue to support the regional Continuum of Care’s efforts to implement
the San Bernardino County 10-Year Strategy for Ending Homelessness. This plan includes a
recommendation to focus on discharge planning to prevent people from becoming homeless
when they are discharged from correctional, foster care, health care, or mental health care
systems. The McKinney-Vento Act requires that state and local governments have policies and
protocols in place to ensure that persons being discharged from a publicly funded institution or
system of care are not discharged immediately into homelessness. To meet HUD’s
requirements, the 10-Year Strategy has established a Discharge Planning Committee to focus
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 73
on improving coordination between discharge planning agencies, local government, and
homeless service providers in order to implement a “zero tolerance” plan that will prevent
persons from being discharged into homelessness. The City has provided ESG funding to Step
Up On Second to provide essential service referrals and housing placement services to
homeless and near-homeless persons. They also provide daily street outreach to the most
service-resistant homeless population in San Bernardino.
Specify the activities that the jurisdiction plans to undertake during the next year
to address the housing and supportive services needs identified in accordance
with 91.215(e) with respect to persons w ho are not homeless but have other
special needs. Link to one-year goals. 91.315(e)
Through CDBG, ESG, and other available resources, the City traditionally funds organizations
that provide services to residents in need. Such funding support includes ADA accessibility for
public spaces and service organizations providing assistance and referrals to low-income
persons in need of various supportive services.
For entitlement/consortia grantees: Specify the activities that the jurisdiction
plans to undertake during the next year to address the housing and supportive
services needs identified in accordance with 91.215(e) with respect to persons
who are not homeless but have other special needs. Link to one-year goals.
(91.220(2))
See above.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 74
MA-40 Barriers to Affordable Housing – 91.210(e)
Negative Effects of Public Policies on Affordable Housing and Residential
Investment
The City recognizes that barriers to affordable housing exist and continues to employ strategies
to overcome them. Policies can create barriers to the production of affordable housing and
residential investment because such factors increase costs.
The high cost of affordable housing and residential investment can be contributed to the
following:
Lack of Affordable Housing Funds: Funding for affordable housing usually comes from the
government at the local, state, or federal levels or from nonprofit organizations specializing in
the construction of affordable housing. Before 2012, redevelopment had the ability to borrow
against future property tax revenue in order to finance capital projects and address blight; 20
percent of redevelopment money was required to be allocated toward affordable housing. Due
to state budgetary problems, redevelopment agencies were dissolved. Now the City relies on
private resources, federal grant programs, state resources, and philanthropy to fund affordable
housing projects.
Environmental Review: Environmental review can be a long process and is expensive if
extensive environmental review is required under the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) or the National Environmental Policy Act. Additionally, if a developer is applying to
rezone an area or parcel, an amendment to the General Plan or Zoning Ordinance is required,
which is a project under CEQA. Such an amendment requires environmental review, which can
become a long and even political process that can slow or even stop the development of
projects.
Site Improvements: Many parts of the City of San Bernardino are undeveloped and lack
adequate pedestrian and automobile infrastructure to support new residential subdivisions. All
new residential development is required to provide sidewalk with curbs and gutters and must be
served by appropriate roadways consistent with the General Plan Circulation Element and
adopted road development standards. The cost of these improvements increases the cost of
development but is necessary to facilitate pedestrian and vehicular access and movement in the
City.
Planning and Development Fees: Planning and development impact fees, such as for
transportation, water, and sewer infrastructure improvements, often add to the overall cost of
development. The City’s fees reflect the fair share of the costs of providing permitting,
infrastructure, and services for new residences.
Infrastructure and Impact Fees: Impact fees are charged to housing developers to pay for City
infrastructure that will support the project, or pay for parks or other City services that protect the
welfare of residents. A primary financial deterrent for developers is the high cost of impact fees.
Construction costs, permitting fees, and impact fees are passed on to the consumer, driving up
the cost of housing at all income levels.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 75
State and Federal Davis-Bacon Prevailing Wages: The state Department of Industrial Relations
(DIR) expanded the kinds of projects that require the payment of prevailing wages. Prevailing
wage adds to the overall cost of development. A prevailing wage must also be paid to laborers
when federal funds are used to pay labor costs for any project over $2,000 or on any multifamily
project over eight units. Based on discussions with developers, various prevailing wage
requirements typically inflate the development costs by 35 percent.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 76
MA-45 Non-Housing Community Development Assets – 91.215 (f)
Introduction
The City of San Bernardino is located in the Inland Empire, which is part of a populous area west of Los Angeles in Southern
California. Top employers in the City include California State University, San Bernardino, Caltrans, and the Community Hospital of
San Bernardino. There are 57,889 jobs in the City with a labor force of approximately 88,000. The City has strong millennial growth
with an average age of 32, younger than both the state (36) and the nation (37). Additionally, the Co unty is the second-fastest
growing county in the state, likely due to lower home prices and commercial vacancy rates, making the area ideal for investment.12
Economic Development Market Analysis
Business Activity
Business by Sector Number of
Workers
Number of
Jobs
Share of
Workers
%
Share of Jobs
%
Jobs less
workers
%
Agriculture, Mining, Oil & Gas Extraction 771 229 1 0 -1
Arts, Entertainment, Accommodations 7,079 7,320 11 11 -1
Construction 4,002 2,357 6 3 -3
Education and Health Care Services 11,756 14,338 19 21 2
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 2,248 3,649 4 5 2
Information 752 350 1 1 -1
Manufacturing 5,683 3,438 9 5 -4
Other Services 2,023 2,422 3 4 0
Professional, Scientific, Management Services 3,168 4,139 5 6 1
Public Administration 0 0 0 0 0
Retail Trade 8,041 8,264 13 12 -1
Transportation and Warehousing 5,321 7,872 9 12 3
Wholesale Trade 4,046 3,511 7 5 -1
Total 54,890 57,889 -- -- --
Table 41 – Business Activity
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS (Workers), 2015 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (Jobs)
12 County Remains Southern California’s Retail Leader, San Bernardino, News Release, Economic Development, March 7, 2019, https://sanbern-
prod.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/SBCounty-Leads-in-RetailFinal-003.pdf .
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 77
Labor Force
Total Population in the Civilian Labor Force 88,507
Civilian Employed Population 16 years and over 73,795
Unemployment Rate 16.60
Unemployment Rate for Ages 16-24 34.05
Unemployment Rate for Ages 25-65 9.00
Table 42 - Labor Force
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Occupations by Sector Number of People
Management, business and financial 9,155
Farming, fisheries and forestry occupations 4,155
Service 10,555
Sales and office 18,790
Construction, extraction, maintenance and repair 7,535
Production, transportation and material moving 5,500
Table 43 – Occupations by Sector
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Travel Time
Travel Time Number Percentage
< 30 Minutes 45,150 66%
30-59 Minutes 15,889 23%
60 or More Minutes 7,445 11%
Total 68,484 100%
Table 44 - Travel Time
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Education
Educational Attainment by Employment Status (Population 16 and Older)
Educational Attainment In Labor Force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force
Less than high school graduate 14,685 3,539 14,005
High school graduate (includes
equivalency) 16,405 2,535 10,015
Some college or Associate degree 19,900 2,590 7,675
Bachelor's degree or higher 8,335 615 2,630
Table 45 - Educational Attainment by Employment Status
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 78
Educational Attainment by Age
Age
18–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–65 yrs 65+ yrs
Less than 9th grade 535 2,144 3,713 7,580 3,660
9th to 12th grade, no diploma 5,399 5,765 5,350 7,669 2,500
High school graduate, GED, or
alternative 9,005 9,785 7,140 12,035 4,600
Some college, no degree 10,905 8,939 5,085 9,830 3,385
Associate degree 1,004 2,258 1,405 2,665 1,224
Bachelor's degree 1,179 2,595 1,775 3,705 1,394
Graduate or professional degree 15 754 850 1,894 918
Table 45 – Educational Attainment by Age
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Educational Attainment – Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Educational Attainment Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Less than high school graduate 33,509
High school graduate (includes equivalency) 65,568
Some college or Associate degree 88,789
Bachelor's degree 57,200
Graduate or professional degree 109,150
Table 46 – Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months
Data Source: 2011-2015 ACS
Based on the Business Activity table above, what are the major employment sectors
within your jurisdiction?
Education and health care services is the top employment sector with the highest percentage of
local workers within the sector in San Bernardino, followed by retail trade,
arts/entertainment/accommodations, transportation and warehousing, and manufacturing. The
sectors with the highest percentage of jobs within the sector are education and healthcare
services, retail, transportation and warehousing, and arts, entertainment and accommodations.
Manufacturing has the most oversupply of labor (more workers than jobs). Education/health care
services and finance/insurance/real estate both have the most undersupply of labor (more jobs
than workers).
Describe the workforce and infrastructure needs of the business community:
The City has a civilian labor force of 88,507. However, the unemployment rate is unusually high at
16.6 percent overall, and 9 percent for those in the 25-65 age cohort; the national rate is 3.7
percent and for comparably sized cities, 5.5 percent. Though education and health care services
is the top business sector, the most occupations are in sales and office. As discussed above, there
is a need for workers in the finance, insurance, and real estate sector. Additionally, because of the
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 79
finding that there are more workers than jobs in manufacturing, it could be beneficial to incentivize
manufacturing companies to locate in the City. The public outreach process for the 2020-2025
ConPlan also expressed the need for job training for residents.
Describe any major changes that may have an economic impact, such as planned
local or regional public or private sector investments or initiatives that have affecte d
or may affect job and business growth opportunities during the planning period.
Describe any needs for workforce development, business support or infrastructure
these changes may create.
The City of San Bernardino has developed the San Bernardino Downtown Vision & Action Plan,
which includes the development of the 48.2-acre Carousel District. A goal of the plan is to
capitalize on the Carousel District’s ability to attract visitors to its arts and entertainment amenities
by further developing the area. Projects being considered for this mixed-use development include
residential market-rate housing and retail redevelopment with future phases of office, educational,
and/or additional housing.
In addition to development, the InTech Center in Fontana is part of an initiative designed to provide
hands-on training that manufacturing employers are looking for. Manufacturing sectors are growing
in the County and include advanced manufacturing, food, plastics, and metal manufacturing. The
center provides individual certificate programs as well as comprehensive career skill development,
such as in industrial maintenance, pre-engineering, robotics, and IT.13
Tens of thousands of new residential units are anticipated. As such, the County also has resources
in place to attract retail by assisting investors with site selection, business planning, obtaining
permits to operate retail, workforce assistance, and demographic and market reports.
How do the skills and education of the current workforce correspond to
employment opportunities in the jurisdiction?
As discussed above, there is a need for workers in the finance, insurance and real estate sector,
possibly indicating a need for related job training and educational opportunities. Additionally,
because of the finding that there are more workers than jobs in manufacturing, it could be
beneficial to incentivize manufacturing companies to locate in the City. As mentioned above, job
training is a need in the community.
Describe any current workforce training initiatives, including those supported by
Workforce Investment Boards, community colleges and other organizations.
Describe how these efforts will support the jurisdiction's Consolidated Plan.
The San Bernardino Community & Economic Development Department will continue consulting
with County Workforce Development, County Department of Behavioral Health, and County Office
on Aging and Adult Services, all of which are involved in the delivery of housing, supportive
services and economic development to low- and moderate- income San Bernardino residents.
13 San Bernardino County, Economic Development Agency under “Initiatives”,
https://www.selectsbcounty.com/major-initiatives/manufacturing, [January 29, 2020].
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 80
Workforce Development provides job placement services for persons in the County and paid on -
the-job training and any equipment that an employee may require to carry their new job. In the
realm of economic development, the City recently established a partnership with the Mexican
Consulate’s Emprendedores program. The program partners with the Small Business
Administration and the City’s Micro Enterprise program to provide Spanish language training for
persons interested in launching a small business or expanding an existing small business. Through
the City’s partnership with the Emprendedores program, the City will cross promote the services
available through Workforce Development.
Does your jurisdiction participate in a Comprehensive Economic Development
Strategy (CEDS)?
No.
If so, what economic development initiatives are you undertaking that may be
coordinated with the Consolidated Plan? If not, describe other local/regional plans
or initiatives that impact economic growth.
Not applicable.
Discussion
See discussion above.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 81
MA-50 Needs and Market Analysis Discussion
Are there areas where households with multiple housing problems are
concentrated? (include a definition of "concentration")
As discussed below, there are racial and ethnic concentrations and LMI concentrations within the
City. The definition of “concentration” is provided below.
Are there any areas in the jurisdiction where racial or ethnic minorities or low -
income families are concentrated? (include a definition of "concentration")
A minority concentration is defined as census tracts where the percentage of individuals of racial or
ethnic minority groups is at least 20 percent higher than the City average. An LMI concentration is
defined as a census tract in which the median household income is less than or equal to 80
percent of the statewide median family income, in which the median family income is less than or
equal to 80 percent of the metropolitan area’s median family income, or in which the federal
poverty rate is 20 percent or greater.
As discussed in NA-30, five census tracts have a Hispanic minority concentration.
Map 2 below displays census tracts which meet the LMI concentration standard. Most of the City is
considered an LMI area.
What are the characteristics of the market in these areas/neighborhoods?
According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-Year Estimates, the median household income for the City is
$43,136, which is less than the County’s median household income of $60,164.
As of January 24, 2020, there are approximately 185 houses in various states of foreclosure
throughout the City.14 Housing units in foreclosure generally overlap with LMI neighborhoods
displayed in Map 2.
Are there any community assets in these areas/neighborhoods?
The County operates an Employment Resource Center in downtown San Bernardino near City Hall
in an LMI neighborhood. California State University, San Bernardino is also located in an LMI
neighborhood.
Are there other strategic opportunities in any of these areas?
The City has several economic advantages, including modern industrial buildings, convenient
freeway access, and generally lower labor costs.
Additionally, the City continues to encourage economic development and will continue to fund
nonprofits that develop the capacity of residents through job and small business development
training.
14 Zillow. For Sale, Foreclosure. January 24, 2020
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 82
Map 2 – Areas of Low- and Moderate-Income Concentration
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 83
MA-60 Broadband Needs of Housing occupied by Low - and Moderate-Income
Households - 91.210(a)(4), 91.310(a)(2)
Describe the need for broadband wiring and connections for households, including
low - and moderate-income households and neighborhoods.
According to the California Interactive Broadband Map, most of the City is served by fixed -service
broadband.15 Most unserved areas are nonresidential; however, approximately 150 mobile homes
are unserved in the City. Stakeholders also identified a need for internet access among homeless
individuals and housing program participants.
Describe the need for increased competition by having more than one broadband
Internet service provider serve the jurisdiction.
Charter Communications (Spectrum) and Frontier Communications are the primary fixed-service
internet service providers (ISPs) operating within the City. Charter and Frontier generally cover the
entire City, save for the unserved pockets discussed above. Frontier provides DSL and fiber
internet, whereas Charter provides broadband with small pockets of fiber service.
The table below displays the monthly price of internet (excluding equipment rental fees) by ISP as
of January 24, 2020.
ISP Tier 1 (Mbps/$) Tier 2 (Mbps/$) Tier 3 (Mbps/$)
Frontier (DSL) 6Mbps/$27.99 25Mbps/$34.99 45Mbps/$44.99
Frontier (Fiber) 50Mbps/$29.99 500Mbps/39.99 1000Mbps/$74.99
Charter
(Broadband/Fiber) 200Mbps/$49.99 400Mbps/$69.99 940Mbps/$109.99
For households that are recipients of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the Community
Eligibility Provision of the NSLP, or Supplemental Security Income (SSI; 65 years and older),
Charter offers broadband internet access (up to 30Mbps) for $14.99 per month with no equipment
rental fees. Frontier also provides low-cost internet access (1.61Mbps to 12Mbps) for $19.99 per
month for recipients of CalFresh, SSI, Medi-Cal, and Bureau of Indian Affairs programs. This offer
also comes with a Chromebook provided by funding from the California Emerging Technology
Fund.
LMI households who are participants of these programs would be able to access the internet at a
low cost. LMI households who are not participants of these specific programs or cannot afford the
reduced price would be unable to access the internet.
Increasing competition amongst these ISPs would likely result in reduced costs, increased speeds,
and/or better quality of customer service and infrastructure within the market area. It is likely that
more households would be able to afford internet access as a result.
15 California Interactive Broadband Map. http://www.broadbandmap.ca.gov/
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 84
MA-65 Hazard Mitigation - 91.210(a)(5), 91.310(a)(3)
Describe the jurisdiction’s increased natural hazard risks associated with climate
change.
Climate change is a phenomenon where greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by natural and man-
made sources trap heat in the atmosphere, causing an increase in the global average air and
ocean temperatures and the melting of snow and ice, which consequently causes sea level rise.
Depending on the level of emissions, by 2099, the average temperature of San Bernardino County
is projected to rise between 3.8 and 6.7 degrees Fahrenheit.16 Increased temperatures could
manifest as heat waves, which would lead to increased incidents of heat stress and heat stroke
and exacerbate existing health conditions. Furthermore, the lack of moisture in the air, when
compounded by long-term drought, may also increase the risk of wildfires, resulting in more
deaths, destroyed property, and increased air pollution.
Climate change may also cause increased occurrences of extreme weather events, such as
storms and flooding. This would increase fatal and nonfatal injuries, ruin housing, and may result in
permanent displacement.
Describe the vulnerability to these risks of housing occupied by low - and moderate-
income households based on an analysis of data, findings, and methods.
LMI households and those with special needs without the means to evacuate would be more
vulnerable during natural disasters caused by climate change. It would be difficult for households
to acquire transportation and housing accommodations during an emergency. Additionally, housing
destroyed by natural disasters would be difficult to replace in the already constrained housing
market.
Furthermore, households without adequate air conditioning systems would also be at increased
risk of heat stress and heat stroke.
Stakeholders identified homeless individuals as having the greatest risk from emergencies and
natural disasters. Extreme heat events require cooling centers; however, resources may not be
available to accommodate all homeless persons. Additionally, it was identified that households at
risk of fire hazard may not have the resources to find replacement housing, and resources may not
be available to provide emergency shelter.
16 Climate Change and Health Profile San Bernardino County.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OHE/CDPH%20Document%20Library/CHPRs/CHPR071SanBernardino_County
2-23-17.pdf
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 85
STRATEGIC PLAN
SP-05 Overview
Strategic Plan Overview
The Strategic Plan identifies the five-year goals that the City of San Bernardino expects to
achieve during the 2020–2025 ConPlan cycle. These goals are aligned with HUD’s objectives
and outcomes and are achieved through the Annual Action Plan, which divides up the five-year
goals into annual targets. The City has identified ten need categories through the Needs
Analysis, Market Analysis, and Community Outreach portions of the ConPlan. The Strategic
Plan then identifies goals that are aligned to address most of those needs. Not every need
identified in the plan can be met and sufficiently addressed in the next five years. Some of the
needs are not feasible, some require much more funding than the City currently receives, and
some are simply too large to be addressed in just five years.
The Strategic Plan includes goals to address affordable housing, infrastructure, public services,
fair housing, and economic development.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 86
SP-10 Geographic Priorities – 91.215 (a)(1)
General Allocation Priorities
Describe the basis for allocating investments geographically within the jurisdiction (or within the
EMSA for HOPWA):
The City will use most of its federal funding to finance projects targeted to low- to moderate-
income households throughout the City, including those in special needs categories. Based on
2011-2015 CHAS data, 59 percent of households in the City are low- to moderate-income
households.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 87
SP-25 Priority Needs - 91.215(a)(2)
Priority Needs
1 Priority
Need Name
Preserve and Rehabilitate Housing
Priority
Level
High
Population Low Income
Moderate Income
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Preserve and Rehabilitate Housing
Description The preservation and rehabilitation of single-family owner-occupied units.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
As discussed in MA-20, 67 percent of owner-occupied units (18,125) were built prior to
1980. In general, housing begins to require major repairs after 30 or 40 years of age.
Many low- to moderate-income households may be unable to afford needed repairs.
2 Priority
Need Name
Improve Neighborhood Conditions
Priority
Level
High
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Middle Income
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Improve Neighborhood Conditions
Description Code enforcement for areas in need of revitalization.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
Stakeholders identified a need for increased code enforcement due to deteriorating
properties and absentee landlords.
3 Priority
Need Name
Expand Homeownership Opportunities
Priority
Level
High
Population Low Income
Moderate Income
Large Families
Families with Children
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 88
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Expand Homeownership Opportunities
Description Construction of below market-rate homes.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
The median income of the City is approximately $16,000 lower than the national average;
however, the cost of living in the County is higher than the national average.
Consequently, City residents will likely need assistance to secure their first home without
incurring a cost burden.
4 Priority
Need Name
Provide Assistance to Renter Households
Priority
Level
Low
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Victims of Domestic Violence
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Provide Assistance to Renter Households
Description Support multifamily development for low-income households.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
For the Riverside-San Bernardino metro area, the hourly wage needed to afford a one-
bedroom apartment is $17.46 (or $36,320 annually).17 Therefore, individuals and families
earning minimum wage, which as of January 2020 is $12 to $13 per hour, would be
unable to afford rent.
5 Priority
Need Name
Provide Supportive Services
Priority
Level
High
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Families with Children
Elderly
Public Housing Residents
Chronically Homeless Individuals
Chronic Substance Abuse
Veterans
Victims of Domestic Violence
Unaccompanied Youth
17 Rent affordability. http://wp.sbcounty.gov/indicators/housing/rental-market/
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 89
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Provide Supportive Services
Description Emergency shelters, rapid rehousing, homelessness prevention.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
As discussed throughout the Needs Assessment, the need for supportive services is high
for low-income households, and households with special needs, elderly, and homeless
individuals.
6 Priority
Need Name
New Affordable Housing Construction
Priority
Level
Low
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
New Affordable Housing Construction
Description Construct new multifamily rental units.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
There is a significant mismatch between housing supply and affordability within the City.
As discussed in MA-15, there is a 11,445-unit gap for households earning between 0 and
30 percent AMI and a 2,750-unit gap for households earning between 30 and 50 percent
AMI.
7 Priority
Need Name
Promote Economic Development
Priority
Level
High
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Promote Economic Development
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 90
Description Create job opportunities.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
The unemployment rate of the City is high at 16.6 percent. Additionally, only 10 percent of
the labor force has a bachelor’s degree or higher and 21 percent have not graduated high
school.
8 Priority
Need Name
Improve Facilities and Infrastructure
Priority
Level
High
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Families with Children
Elderly
Public Housing Residents
Chronically Homeless Individuals
Families with Children
Chronic Substance Abuse
Veterans
Victims of Domestic Violence
Unaccompanied Youth
Frail Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Persons with Alcohol or Other Addictions
Persons with HIV/AIDS and their Families
Non-Housing Community Development
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Improve Facilities and Infrastructure
Description Improve public facilities including parks and accessibility upgrades.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
The City of San Bernardino’s 2018-2023 Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) has indicated
the need for the replacement of streetlights, pavement rehabilitation, improvement of safe
routes to schools, and citywide accessibility improvements.
9 Priority
Need Name
Fair Housing
Priority
Level
High
Population Extremely Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
Middle Income
Large Families
Families with Children
Elderly
Persons with Mental Disabilities
Persons with Physical Disabilities
Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Geographic
Areas
Affected
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 91
Associated
Goals
Fair Housing
Description Promote fair housing and support fair housing services.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
Between 2015 and 2016, 114 fair housing discrimination cases were forwarded to the
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity; 51.8 percent of these cases were based on
disability.
10 Priority
Need Name
Planning and Administration
Priority
Level
High
Population Other
Geographic
Areas
Affected
Associated
Goals
Planning and Administration
Description Implement goals of Consolidated Plan.
Basis for
Relative
Priority
Compliance with all HUD Consolidated Plan and CDBG, HOME, and ESG program
regulations is a requirement for participation in this program.
Table 46 – Priority Needs Summary
Narrative (Optional)
In establishing the above priorities, the City has considered input from community engagement
efforts, including the surveys, stakeholder interviews, and engagement meetings, as well as
demographic and data analysis. Activities that address the high priority needs will be funded
using CDBG, HOME, and ESG funds during the ConPlan period and activities that address low
priority needs may be funded by these funds pending availability.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 92
SP-30 Influence of Market Conditions – 91.215 (b)
Influence of Market Conditions
Affordable
Housing Type
Market Characteristics that will influence
the use of funds available for housing type
Tenant Based Rental
Assistance (TBRA)
As discussed in the Needs Assessment, 48 percent of households (28,092) pay more than
30 percent of their income toward housing costs.
TBRA for Non-
Homeless Special
Needs
As discussed in the Needs Assessment, special needs population require affordable
housing to meet the various needs pertaining to disabilities, low household incomes, rising
healthcare costs, and children.
New Unit Production As discussed in the Market Assessment, there is a gap of 11,445 housing units for those
earning less than 30 percent AMI and a gap of 2,750 housing units for those earning
between 30 and 50 percent AMI.
Rehabilitation As discussed in the Market Assessment, approximately 67 percent of owner-occupied
housing and 68 percent of renter-occupied housing was built before 1980. Generally,
housing begins to require major repairs after 30 or 40 years of age.
Acquisition, including
preservation
The abundance of land within the City may make this option less desirable than new unit
production.
Table 47 – Influence of Market Conditions
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 93
SP-35 Anticipated Resources - 91.215(a)(4), 91.220(c)(1,2)
Introduction
Anticipated Resources
Program
Source
of
Funds
Uses of Funds
Expected Amount Available Year 1 Expected
Amount
Available
Remainder
of
ConPlan
$
Narrative Description
Annual
Allocation:
$
Program
Income: $
Prior Year
Resources:
$
Total:
$
CDBG Public-
Federal
Acquisition
Admin and planning
Economic
development
Housing
Public improvements
Public services
3,405,816 13,200,000 The estimated amount of
CDBG funds available over
the planning period is
based on allocations for FY
2019-2020
HOME Public-
Federal
Acquisition
Homebuyer
assistance
Homeowner
rehabilitation
Multifamily rental
new construction
Multifamily rental
rehabilitation
New construction for
ownership TBRA
1,404,784 4,800,000 The estimated amount of
HOME funds available over
the planning period is
based on allocations for FY
2019-2020
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 94
ESG Public-
Federal
Conversion and
rehab for transitional
housing
Financial assistance
Overnight shelter
Rapid re-housing
(rental assistance)
Rental assistance
services
Transitional housing
295,000 1,120,000 The estimated amount of
ESG funds available over
the planning period is
based on allocations for FY
2019-2020
Table 48 - Anticipated Resources
Explain how federal funds will leverage those additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a
description of how matching requirements will be satisfied
Entitlement Funds
Leverage means to combine funding sources, such as local, state, or other federal financial resources, with HUD funding in or der to
increase project efficiencies and benefit from economies of scale.
Other Federal Grant Programs
Additional federal programs that fund community development and affordable housing activities include:
Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program
Section 202
Section 811
Affordable Housing Program through the Federal Home Loan Bank
These programs would not be provided to the City but rather to HACSB and affordable housing developers.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 95
If appropriate, describe publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that may be used to
address the needs identified in the plan
According to the City’s 2013-2021 Housing Element update, the City of San Bernardino has enough vacant land and land designated
for residential use to satisfy all projected housing needs. Additionally, the City has not identified any constraints on these sites that
would prevent development or reuse. The City estimates that 12,918 housing units could be accommodated on this land.
Discussion
The City has enough available land and residential designations to meet the affordable housing needs of the community. HUD
allocations are critical to meeting these needs; however, they are not sufficient to address all the needs of LMI households.
Therefore, the City will continue to continue to leverage other funding sources to provide services to populations in need.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 96
SP-40 Institutional Delivery Structure – 91.215(k)
Explain the institutional structure through which the jurisdiction will carry out its consolidated plan including private industry, non-profit
organizations, and public institutions.
Responsible Entity Responsible Entity Type Role Geographic Area Served
San Bernardino Government Economic development
Homelessness
Non-homeless special needs
Planning
Neighborhood improvements
Public facilities
Public services
Jurisdiction
San Bernardino County Housing
Authority
PHA Public housing
Rental
Region
Table 49 - Institutional Delivery Structure
Assess of Strengths and Gaps in the Institutional Delivery System
The City has invested significantly in its CDBG, HOME, and ESG programs, specifically for consulting, auditing, and program d esign;
however, the City remains financially constrained. The City continues to improve its capacity and effectiveness in using federal
funding.
Availability of services targeted to homeless persons and persons with HIV and mainstream services
Homelessness Prevention Services Available in the Community Targeted to Homeless Targeted to People with HIV
Homelessness Prevention Services
Counseling/Advocacy X X
Legal Assistance X
Mortgage Assistance X
Rental Assistance X
Utilities Assistance
Street Outreach Services
Law Enforcement
Mobile Clinics
Other Street Outreach Services X X
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 97
Supportive Services
Alcohol & Drug Abuse X X
Child Care X X
Education
Employment and Employment Training X X
Healthcare X X X
HIV/AIDS X X
Life Skills X X
Mental Health Counseling X X
Transportation X X
Other
Other
Table 50 - Homeless Prevention Services Summary
Describe how the service delivery system including, but not limited to, the services listed above meet the needs
of homeless persons (particularly chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans
and their families, and unaccompanied youth)
ESG funding is used to combat homelessness within the City. The City coordinates with emergency shelters and funds nonprofit
agencies that operate emergency shelters and transitional housing. These shelters offer basic needs and drop-in services.
Transitional housing provides assistance in helping homeless individuals become more stable and continue independent living.
Describe the strengths and gaps of the service delivery system for special needs population and persons
experiencing homelessness, including, but not limited to, the services listed above
Update from CoC
Provide a summary of the strategy for overco ming gaps in the institutional structure and service delivery system
for carrying out a strategy to address priority needs
Update from CoC
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 98
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 99
SP-45 Goals Summary – 91.215(a)(4)
Goals Summary Information
Sort
Order
Goal Name Start
Year
End
Year
Category Geographic
Area
Needs
Addressed
Funding Goal Outcome Indicator
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 100
1 Preserve and
Rehabilitate
Housing
2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
Preserve and
Rehabilitate
Housing
CDBG:
HOME:
Homeowner housing rehabilitated
2 Improve
Neighborhood
Conditions
2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
Improve
Neighborhood
Conditions
CDBG: Housing code
enforcement/foreclosed property
care
3 Expand
Homeownership
Opportunities
2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
Expand
Homeownership
Opportunities
HOME: Homeowner housing added
4 Provide
Assistance to
Renter
Households
2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
Provide
Assistance to
Renter
Households
CDBG:
HOME:
Rental units rehabilitated
Public service activities for
low/moderate income housing
benefit
5 Provide
Supportive
Services
2020 2025 Homeless
Non-Homeless
Special Needs
Provide
Supportive
Services
CDBG: Public service activities other than
low/moderate income housing
benefit
6 New Affordable
Housing
Construction
2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
New Affordable
Housing
Construction
HOME: Rental units constructed
7 Promote
Economic
Development
2020 2025 Non-Housing
Community
Development
Promote
Economic
Development
CDBG: Jobs created/retained
8 Improve
Facilities and
Infrastructure
2020 2025 Non-Housing
Community
Development
Improve Facilities
and Infrastructure
CDBG:
ESG:
Public facility or infrastructure
activities other than low/moderate
income housing benefit
9 Fair Housing 2020 2025 Affordable
Housing
Fair Housing CDBG: Public service activities other than
low/moderate income housing
benefit
10 Planning and
Administration
2020 2025 Administration Planning and
Administration
CDBG:
HOME:
Table 51 – Goals Summary
Goal Descriptions
1 Goal Name Preserve and Rehabilitate Housing
Goal
Description
Provide funding for single-family owner-occupied rehabilitation loans.
2 Goal Name Improve Neighborhood Conditions
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 101
Goal
Description
Provide funding for code enforcement and neighborhood revitalization.
3 Goal Name Expand Homeownership Opportunities
Goal
Description
Provide funding for the construction of new below market-rate homes.
4 Goal Name Provide Assistance to Renter Households
Goal
Description
Provide funding to housing developments that restrict units to low-income households.
5 Goal Name Provide Supportive Services
Goal
Description
Provide funding to assist homeless individuals and those with special needs with supportive services; includes funding for
emergency shelters, rapid rehousing, homelessness prevention, street outreach, and HMIS costs.
6 Goal Name New Affordable Housing Construction
Goal
Description
Provide funding to construct new multifamily rental units.
7 Goal Name Promote Economic Development
Goal
Description
Provide funding to create jobs through physical and economic revitalization, includes funding for micro-enterprise programs and
paying Section 108 debt.
8 Goal Name Improve Facilities and Infrastructure
Goal
Description
Provide funding to improve public facilities and infrastructure, including parks, community centers, and sidewalks.
9 Goal Name Fair Housing
Goal
Description
Promote fair housing choice through the following activities: fair housing education, fair housing testing, housing assistanc e hotline,
and landlord-tenant mediation.
10 Goal Name Planning and Administration
Goal
Description
Provide funding to implement the goals and objectives of the Consolidated Plan, comply with planning and reporting requiremen ts,
and monitor use of the funds.
Estimate the number of extremely low -income, low-income, and moderate-income families to whom the
jurisdiction will provide affordable housing as defined by HOME 91.315(b)(2)
The City estimates that HOME funds will provide affordable housing to approximately 10 households over the ConPlan period.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 102
SP-50 Public Housing Accessibility and Involvement – 91.215(c)
Need to Increase the Number of Accessible Units (if Required by a Section 504
Voluntary Compliance Agreement)
Households in California with at least one member living with a disability have a median
household income of $56,600, approximately $26,000 less than the median household income
of all households at $82,000.18 Consequently, the need for accessible affordable units would be
high.
As discussed in NA-35, the average annual income of all vouchers holders is approximately
$14,084, which indicates these voucher holders have limited income to cover basic
transportation, medical, food, and personal needs. As indicated in Table 23 in NA-35, 5,277
voucher holders (37 percent) have requested some type of accessible feature, demonstrating a
need. Given the number of persons with disabilities across the County, the need for accessible
units would be great.
Activities to Increase Resident Involvements
The HACSB Board of Commissioners has regular meetings twice per month that call for public
comment on agenda items. The HACSB also operates a Family Self Sufficiency Program
designed so that residents can be involved in the development of self-sufficiency goals, job
training, and other services.
Is the public housing agency designated as troubled under 24 CFR part 902?
No.
Plan to remove the ‘troubled’ designation
Not applicable.
18 Cornell University. Disability Statistics. http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/acs.cfm
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 103
SP-55 Barriers to affordable housing – 91.215(h)
Barriers to Affordable Housing
Several factors act as barriers to acquiring and constructing af fordable housing. Lack of funding
is the most significant as local, state, and federal funding has been decreasing over the last
decade.
Local, state, and federal development requirements are the next most significant barrier, and
include:
Planning and development fees, such as for transportation, water, and sewer
infrastructure, increases the cost of development.
Permit and processing procedures, including application review, can also delay housing
development.
Environmental protection policies, including the California Environmental Quality Act and
the National Environmental Policy Act, require environmental review for discretionary
projects, which increases costs and delays the development process.
Site improvements required by the City for undeveloped land or land that lacks adequate
transportation and pedestrian infrastructure increases the cost of housing development.
Strategy to Remove or Ameliorate the Barriers to Affordable Housing
The City continues to make the development process more efficient for developers through
amendments to the Development Code. The City plans to make the following updates to its
development code:
General Lot Consolidation Incentive – This incentive would increase development
potential by allowing a 15 percent density bonus for projects with a residential
component, maintenance plan, and on-site management.
Density Bonus Provisions – The City plans to update the Development Code to reflect
the latest amendments to state density bonus law.
Transitional and Supportive Housing – The City plans to update the Development Code
to adequately define transitional and permanent supportive housing to eliminate
confusion and facilitate the review and approval process for this housing type.
Streamlined Processing – The City plans to analyze potential programs that seek to
eliminate land use constraints related to the development of new housing and
rehabilitation of existing housing. Additionally, the City is applying for an SB 2 planning
grant that will assist with streamlining.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 104
SP-60 Homelessness Strategy – 91.215(d)
Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and
assessing their individual needs
The City of San Bernardino provides ESG funding to Step Up On Second, which provides
essential service referrals and housing placement services to homeless persons and near-
homeless persons. Step Up also provides daily mobile outreach to the most service-resistant
homeless population in the City.
Addressing the emergency and transitional housing needs of homeless persons
The City funds nonprofits that operate emergency shelters and transitional housing for
homeless individuals. Emergency shelters provide shelter, nutrition, supportive services,
counseling, medical treatment, transportation assistance, referrals to mental health and social
service agencies, and housing assistance. Transitional housing provides shelter and services
such as job training, financial literacy training, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and counseling to
help individuals reestablish independent living.
Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and
families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied
youth) make the transition to permanent housing and independent living,
including shortening the period of time that individuals and families experience
homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals and families to
affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were
recently homeless from becoming homeless again.
The City provides funding for supportive services to assist homeless individuals, including
funding for emergency shelters, rapid rehousing, homelessness prevention, and street outreach.
The City also funds nonprofit agencies that operate emergency shelters, which provides
services to help homeless individuals stabilize and live independently. During PY 2019-2020,
ESG funds were awarded to agencies that provide homeless prevention, rapid rehousing, and
emergency shelter. The City will continue to fund nonprofits that help homeless individuals
transition to permanent housing.
Help low -income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially
extremely low-income individuals and families who are likely to become
homeless after being discharged from a publicly funded institution or system of
care, or who are receiving assistance from public and private agencies that
address housing, health, social services, employment, education or youth needs
As discussed above, the City funds a number of nonprofits that provide homeless prevention
services to those at risk of homelessness. Additionally, the Coordinated Entry System (CES) is
used to quickly identify, assess, refer, and connect clients to housing assistance and services in
the event they are hospitalized. The City also collaborates with St. Bernardine’s Hospital and
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 105
Community Hospital in the City of San Bernardino to connect homeless patients with bridge
housing.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 106
SP-65 Lead based paint Hazards – 91.215(i)
Actions to address LBP hazards and increase access to housing without LBP
hazards
The City follows all applicable lead-based paint hazard (LBP) regulations, which primarily affect
projects funded by the City’s Housing Rehabilitation Program. All applicants are notified about
LBP risk and, if they are low-income and have a child under six at home, are then referred to the
County’s LBP Abatement Program for free paint inspections, lead testing for children,
information about LBP, and abatement. In general, housing built after 1977, zero-bedroom units,
and housing for the elderly or disabled persons (unless children are present) are exempt from
this rule.
How are the actions listed above related to the extent of lead poisoning and
hazards?
Units built prior to 1980 may contain LBP, to which children under the age of six years are
especially vulnerable. As discussed in MA-20, approximately 31,000 housing units were built
prior to 1980, of which approximately 6,500 are occupied by children under six years of age.
How are the actions listed above integrated into housing policies and
procedures?
The City, as part of its Housing Rehabilitation Program, requires that all LBP be controlled or
abated and disposed of properly to eliminate or reduce the hazard of environmental or human
contamination.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 107
SP-70 Anti-Poverty Strategy – 91.215(j)
Jurisdiction Goals, Programs and Policies for reducing the number of Poverty-
Level Families
The City annually allocates federal funds for economic development activities, which includes
microloan programs and Section 108 loan repayment. HUD’s Section 108 Loan Guarantee
Program provides CDBG recipients with financing for economic development activities. The goal
of the program is to provide the public investment needed to catalyze private economic activity
in underserved areas. The City utilizes Section 108 financing to acquire properties for the
development of commercial centers and in the process creates jobs for City residents.
How are the Jurisdiction poverty reducing goals, programs, and policies
coordinated with this affordable housing plan
The City allocated up to 15 percent of its CDBG funds annually to public and nonprofit service
providers to offer a range of supportive services, including those that fight poverty.
City of San Bernardino
Draft 2020 - 2025 Consolidated Plan │ 108
SP-80 Monitoring – 91.230
Describe the standards and procedures that the jurisdiction will use to monitor
activities carried out in furtherance of the plan and will use to ensure long -term
compliance with requirements of the programs involved, including minority
business outreach and the comprehensive planning requirements
The City implements a subrecipient grant monitoring policy. City staff conducts program
monitoring and audits of subrecipient records and facilities throughout the program year. As part
of this responsibility, the City reviews quarterly compliance reports and annual single audits (as
required by 24 CFR Part 44.6). Additionally, the City conducts risk assessments using financial
information provided by subrecipients. Monitoring activities are conducted by telephone or on-
site.
The City’s CDBG, HOME, and ESG monitoring reports include:
1. Background of the agency, program, or project;
2. Review of current findings;
3. Corrective actions necessary (if applicable);
4. Observations about the program operations; and
5. Communication/advisement offered to the agency about their operations.
EXHIBIT A(1)
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4
A. What is an Impediments to Fair Housing Choice? ................................................. 4
B. What is an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice? .............................. 4
C. What is the purpose of the Report? .......................................................................... 4
D. Methodology & Organization .................................................................................... 5
E. Legal Framework ......................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2: Public Participation ......................................................................................... 10
A. Community Survey .................................................................................................... 10
B. Stakeholder Interviews .............................................................................................. 10
C. Pop-Up Events and Focus Group Meetings........................................................... 12
D. Community Meetings ................................................................................................ 12
E. Public Review and Hearings .................................................................................... 13
Chapter 3: Community Profile ........................................................................................... 14
A. Demographic Profile ................................................................................................. 15
B. Race and Ethnicity .................................................................................................... 18
C. Housing Profile ............................................................................................................ 24
D. Employment and Workforce .................................................................................... 38
E. Homeless ..................................................................................................................... 40
F. Public Transit and Train Services .............................................................................. 41
Chapter 4: Lending Practices ............................................................................................ 43
A. Laws Governing Lending .......................................................................................... 43
B. Conventional Loans Versus Government-Backed Loans .................................... 45
C. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Data Analysis ............................................ 47
Chapter 5: Public Policies ................................................................................................... 51
A. Housing Element Law and Compliance ................................................................ 51
B. Land Use Element ...................................................................................................... 51
C. Development Code .................................................................................................. 53
Chapter 6: Fair Housing Profile ........................................................................................... 58
A. Fair Housing Practices in the Homeownership Market ........................................ 58
B. Fair Housing Practices in the Rental Housing Market ........................................... 60
C. Fair Housing Services and Statistics ......................................................................... 62
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Chapter 7: Fair Housing Progress ....................................................................................... 67
G. Impediment: Housing Discrimination ...................................................................... 67
H. Impediment: Public Policies and Programs Affecting Housing Development 67
I. Impediment: Lending Practices .............................................................................. 70
J. Impediment: Demographics ................................................................................... 71
K. Impediment: Housing Market Conditions .............................................................. 72
Chapter 8: Fair Housing Action Plan ................................................................................. 73
A. Data Collection and Engagement Conclusions .................................................. 73
B. Setting Fair Housing Priorities and Goals ................................................................ 73
C. Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues ............................................................ 73
D. Priority Goals and Actions ........................................................................................ 76
Goal 1 ................................................................................................................................ 77
Goal 2 ................................................................................................................................ 77
Goal 3 ................................................................................................................................ 78
Goal 4 ................................................................................................................................ 78
Goal 5 ................................................................................................................................ 79
E. Regional Collaboration ............................................................................................ 80
APPENDIX A: Community Engagement Summary ......................................................... 81
A Introduction ................................................................................................................ 81
B Community Meetings ................................................................................................ 81
C Stakeholder Interview Summary .............................................................................. 84
D Pop Up Events ............................................................................................................ 87
E Housing Summit .......................................................................................................... 90
F Community Needs Survey ........................................................................................ 95
Index of Tables, Figures, Graphs, and Maps .................................................................... 97
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Chapter 1: Introduction
The City of San Bernardino (the City) is a recipient of funds from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). As such, the City is required to conduct
an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice (AI).
A. What is an Impediments to Fair Housing Choice?
Fair housing is a condition in which people of similar income levels, liv ing in the same
housing market, have a similar range of choice regardless of characteristics
protected under State and Federal laws. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development defines impediments to fair housing choice as:
Any actions, omissions, or decisions taken because of race, color, ancestry,
national origin, religion, sex, disability, marital status, familial status, or any other
arbitrary factor which restricts housing choices or the availability of housing
choices; or
Any actions, omissions, or decisions which have the effect of restricting housing
choices or the availability of housing choices based on race, color, ancestry,
national origin, religion, sex, disability, marital status, familial status or any other
arbitrary factor.
B. What is an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice?
An Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice (AI) is an assessment of how laws,
policies, real estate practices, and local conditions affect the location, availability,
and accessibility of housing. The analysis of their impact on housing choice can
highlight areas where corrective actions might broaden the housing options of
persons protected by fair housing laws.
C. What is the purpose of the Report?
Through the AI , jurisdictions examine the affordability of housing with an emphasis on
affordability for households with annual incomes classified as low income and less.
Low income is defined as equal to or less than 80 percent of the adjusted area
median family income as most recentl y published by the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD).
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This AI has three major goals:
Goal 1: Provide an overview of the City and current conditions as they impact fair
housing choice.
Goal 2: Review the City’s policies and practices as they impact fair housing choice
and the provision of housing, specifically affordable housing and housing for
special needs households.
Goal 3: Identify impediments to fair housing choice and actions the City will take to
remove those impediments or to mitigate the impact they have on fair
housing choice.
Fulfilling these goals involves:
A review of the laws, regulations, and administrative policies, procedures, and
practices of the City.
An assessment of how those laws affect the location, availability, and
accessibility of housing.
An assessment of conditions, both public and private, affecting fair housing
choice.
D. Methodology & Organization
Pursuant to HUD guidance, jurisdictions are not required to collect new data and
can use existing data to analyze potential impediments to fair housing choice. For
this AI, the City employed the following data sources:
American Community Surveys (2013-2017)
Decennial Census Data (1990-2010)
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data (2018)
San Bernardino Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Reports
San Bernardino Consolidated Plan (2020-2024)
San Bernardino General Plan (2005)
San Bernardino Housing Element (2013-2021)
San Bernardino Zoning Ordinance
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Organization of the Report
This report is divided into eight chapters, including this introduction, as described
below.
Chapter 1: Introduction explains the purpose of the AI, describes its methodology
and organization, and outlines its legal framework.
Chapter 2: Public Participation discusses outreach efforts undertaken for the
development of the AI . Outreach results include comments received during the
public review draft AI, community engagement and stakeholder meetings .
Chapter 3: Community Profile presents demographic information and income
characteristics in the City, including the number and percentage of persons by age,
ethnicity, familial status, and disability. The housing profile includes the number of
housing units by type, cost, overcrowding condition, and housing cost burden.
Income characteristics include the distribution of low - and moderate-income
population by census tract.
Chapter 4: Lending Practices assesses the access to financing for different groups.
Predatory and subprime lending issues are also discussed.
Chapter 5: Public Policies analyzes public policies and actions that may impede fair
housing in the city, such as those contained in the City’s Housing Element, Land Use
Element, and Zoning Ordinance.
Chapter 6: Fair Housing Profile provides information on the institutional structure of the
homeownership and rental markets in the City. It also includes local, state, and
federal data on fair housing complaints.
Chapter 7: Fair Housing Progress evaluates the progress toward recommendations
made in the previous AI’s Action Plan.
Chapter 8: Fair Housing Action Plan summarizes the findings regarding fair housing
issues in the City and provides recommendations for furthering fair housing practices.
Appendix B: Community Engagement Summary describes the community outreach
program and summarizes input from residents, agency representatives, and other
stakeholders.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Funding Source
Preparation of this report was funded with Community Development Block Grant
(CDBG) administration funds.
E. Legal Framework
Fair housing choice grants provide individuals the opportunity to choose where they
wish to live. To ensure that all individuals and families are given equal access to
housing, the federal government and the State of California have enacted the
following laws listed below to prohibit subtle and overt forms of housing
discrimination.
HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity has played a lead role in
enforcing the Act since its adoption in 1968. The Act prohibits discrimination in the
sale, rental, and financing of dwellings based on race, color, religion, national origin,
sex, familial status (presence of child under the age of 18, and pregnant women),
and or disability. Because housing choice is so critical to personal development, fair
housing is a goal that government, public officials, and private citizens must
embrace if social equality is to become a reality.
Federal Laws
Federal Fair Housing Act
The Act is the protection against discrimination in housing on the federal level. After a
lengthy legislative battle, urban riots, and the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr., the Act was enacted in 1968. It extended the general disclination protec tions
included in the 1964 Civil Rights Act into the housing market. The Act prohibits
discrimination in housing based on a person’s race, color, religion, gender, disability,
familial status, or national origin. In addition, HUD issued a Final Rule on Feb ruary 3,
2012 that prohibits entitlement communities, public housing authorities, and other
recipients of federal housing resources from discriminating based on actual or
perceived sexual orientation, gender identity, or marital status. Persons who are
protected from discrimination by fair housing laws are referred to as members of the
protected classes.
The Act covers “dwellings” which are defined as structures designed or occupied as
residences or land offered for sale where a residence will be built. A “dwelling” is
broadly defined and can include a homeless shelter or a summer home. In some
circumstances, exemptions to the Act include the following: owner-occupied
buildings with no more than four units, single-family housing sold or rented without the
use of a broker, and housing operated by organizations and private clubs that limit
occupancy to members.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Equal and unimpeded access to residential housing is a fundamental civil right that
enables members of protected classes, as defined in the Act, to pursue personal,
educational, employment, or other goals. Because housing choice is so critical to
personal development, fair housing is a goal that government, public officials, and
private citizens must embrace if social equity is to become a reality. Other federal
laws relevant to fair housing are included in Appendix A.
Reasonable Accommodations
The Fair Housing Amendments Act requires housing providers to make reasonable
accommodations if it is necessary for people with disabilities to live in and use the
housing. Accommodations may include interior or exterior modifications, such as
installation of ramps, or modifications of rules, policies, or practices, such as allowing
guide dogs in a building that has a no pet policy.
Equal Access to Housing in HUD Programs Regardless of Sexual Orientation or Gender
Identity
On February 3, 2012, HUD issued a rule to ensure fair and equal access to housing
regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity, nonconformance with gender
stereotypes, or marital status. The rule requires that a determination of eligibility for
housing assisted by HUD be made without regard to actual or perceived sexual
orientation, gender identity, or marital status. The rule also included a definition for
sexual orientation and gender identity and expanded the definition of family in most
of HUD's programs.
On September 21, 2016, HUD issued the Gender Identity Rule, which ensures that all
individuals have equal access to HUD’s shelter programs in accordance with their
gender identity and without being subjected to intrusive questioning or being asked
to provide documentation.
California Laws
Fair Employment and Housing Act
The California Fair Employment and Housing Act is a California statute that prohibits
employment and housing discrimination based on ancestry and national origin, race
and color, religion and creed, age, mental and physical disability, sex and gender,
sexual orientation, source of income, gender identity and expression, medical
condition and genetic information, marital status, and military and veteran status.
Unruh Civil Rights Act
The Unruh Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination by all business establishments,
including housing accommodations, based on race, color, religion, ancestry,
national origin, disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status,
sexual orientation, citizenship, primary language, or immigration status.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Ralph Civil Rights Act
The Ralph Civil Rights Act prohibits violence or threats of violence based on race,
color, religion, ancestry, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, political affiliation, or
position in a labor dispute.
Bane Civil Rights Act
The Bane Civil Rights Act prohibits interference or attempted interference with
someone’s state or federal statutory or constitutional rights, including equal access to
housing.
Senate Bill 329
Mostly recently, Governor Gavin Newsom signed Senate Bill 329. The bill expands the
definition of “source of income” to include income paid to a housing owner or
landlord on behalf of a tenant, including federal, state, or local public assistance or
subsidies. Therefore, SB 329 expands fair housing protections to recipients of Section 8
vouchers.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Chapter 2: Public Participation
The public participation process for the AI sought input from community members
and stakeholders. Methods included on-line and paper surveys for community
members, stakeholder interviews, community meetings, and pop-up events. The AI
development engagement process took place in November, December, and
January. The process concluded with a 30-day public review period and a public
hearing.
A. Community Survey
The City prepared a Community Needs Survey
in both English and Spanish and provided
online links and paper copies for distribution.
The survey was promoted at scheduled project
community meetings, Housing Summit, and
pop-up events. The survey link was posted on
the City’s website, stakeholder newsletters,
social media posts and on flyers distributed at
community events. The survey period was from
December 9, 2019 to February 28, 2020. The
City received approximately 1,011 responses.
Of which 88 percent were residents, 55
percent were homeowners.
The survey sought community input on the
City’s most pressing needs in the areas of
housing, community facilities, infrastructure,
homelessness, community services, and
economic development.
Survey summaries of the English and Spanish
versions is included in Appendix B –Community
Engagement Summary.
B. Stakeholder Interviews
The City also conducted interviews and an on-
line stakeholder survey to gather input from stakeholders. They represent housing,
health, education, employment, faith-based, service delivery, and professional
service organizations. The interviews and survey posed questions about community
facilities, community services, infrastructure, residents with special needs,
neighborhood services, business and job services, housing services, and housing
facilities.
KEY TAKEWAY: Most Important
Community Needs:
Job readiness, creation of new
and job-generating businesses,
college readiness
Homeless services, homeless
emergency/ overnight shelters
and permanent supportive
housing, rent assistance
New affordable housing, first-
time homebuyer program,
renter-occupied rehabilitation
and accessibility improvements
Community and youth centers,
parks, and healthcare
Infrastructure improvements
(streets and sidewalk repairs),
lighting, safe routes to school
Social programs; at-risk youth,
children’s after school/summer,
and youth activities
Figure 1: Key Takeaways Community Survey
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Stakeholder interviews included representatives
from the following organizations:
California State University – San
Bernardino
Catholic Charities of San Bernardino and
Riverside Counties
Dignity Health
Hope through Housing
Salvation Army
Omni Trans
Continuum of Care – San Bernardino
County
Center for Employment Opportunities
Inland Congregations United for Change
Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board
Mental Health Systems
National Core Renaissance
Neighborhood Partnership Housing
Services, Inc.
San Bernardino County Department of
Behavioral Health
A list of stakeholder interviews and the
stakeholder survey are included in Appendix B
–Community Engagement Summary.
KEY TAKEWAY: Critical Needs
Identified by Stakeholders
Increase in housing inventory
– an increased supply will
help all, including the Latino
and African American
population
Improve perceptions of San
Bernardino (negative
perception deters private
investment)
Address discrimination,
particularly race or ethnicity
discrimination
Raise awareness about
homelessness using
humanistic stories that go
beyond the data
Support a growing population
of homeless seniors
Decrease dependency on
government and draw
foundations and corporations
into the solutions
Create pathways to
employment
Figure 2: Key Takeaways Critical Needs
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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C. Pop-Up Events and Focus Group Meetings
Four Pop-Up events were attended including a local football game, San Bernardino
Fest 2019 Airshow, Housing Authority County of San Bernardino, and City of San
Bernardino Winter Wonderland. Common themes derived from the events include:
o Most critical economic development need. Job creation/job generating
businesses
o Most important areas of need. Affordable housing and services for the
homeless
o Most critical homelessness needs. Transitional housing and emergency shelters
o Most critical community services. Youth activities and children after
school/summer programs
o Most critical infrastructure needs. Repaving of streets, street lighting
o Most critical housing needs. First-time homebuyer’s assistance, construction of
new affordable units and housing for larger families
D. Community Meetings
Community meetings were attended by representatives of Neighborhood
Partnership Housing Services, Inc., Executive Director of Akoma Unity Center, National
CORE, Dignity Health, Accelerating Investment for Healthy Communities (AIHC),
Housing Authority County of San Bernardino, Hope Through Housing Foundation, and
Executive Director of Community Engagement for the San Bernardino City Unified
School District. Six community engagement meetings were held at the following
locations:
Rezek Center – St. Bernardine Medical Center, 2101 N. Waterman Ave, San
Bernardino, Tuesday, January 21, 2020, 11 AM – 1 PM
Akoma Unity Center 1367 N California St, San Bernardino, Saturday, January 18,
2020 9:30 AM (Set-Up) – 11:30AM
Maplewood Homes 906 Wilson St, San Bernardino, Wednesday, January 22,
2020 4PM – 5PM
Olive Meadows 610 East Olive Street, San Bernardino, Thursday, January 23,
2020 4PM – 5PM
Valencia Vista 950 N Valencia Ave, San Bernardino, Thursday, January 23, 2020
5PM – 6:30PM
San Bernardino Valley College 701 S Mt Vernon Ave, San Bernardino, Friday,
January 24, 2020 9AM – 10:30AM
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There were eight re-occurring themes including:
1. Affordable housing
2. Target areas for redevelopment and safety
3. Community services needed
4. Homeless/homeless prevention services
5. Infrastructure needs
6. City communications
7. Jobs and employment
8. Crime safety. A summary of the input received during popup engagement
and focus groups is included in Appendix B –Community Engagement
Summary.
E. Public Review and Hearings
The AI was completed concurrently with the City’s 2020-2025 Consolidated Plan. Two
public hearings were held, March 18, 2020 and April 15, 2020. A public review draft
and comment of the AI and the Consolidated Plan was available for a 15-day
review period from February 27, 2020 through March 18, 2020. A public review draft
of the AI and the Consolidated Plan was available for a 30-day public review period
from March 12, 2020 through April 15, 2020. Public Hearings were advertised in the
San Bernardino Sun and El Chicano. The AI was also made available on the City’s
website, City of San Bernardino Public Information Center, Community and
Economic Development Department, and Feldheym Central Library. All written
comments received relative to impediments to fair housing will be documented and
reviewed by the City. City Council is responsible for holding a public hearing to
discuss and adopt the final AI report.
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Chapter 3: Community Profile
Various characteristics affect housing choice for people and households with similar
income levels, in the same housing market. Therefore, understanding the social,
racial, economic, and other population characteristics and how they change over
time is crucial to evaluating current and future housing needs and housing choice
among characteristically different populations and households.
The City of San Bernardino is the most populous city in the County of San Bernardino
and one of the oldest communities in the State of California. Throughout the years,
the City has experienced economic vitality, built on agriculture, railroads, and
distribution. In the latter half of the 1900s, with changing market conditions, high rates
of population growth, and overall development patterns, and other social ,
economic, and cultural change throughout the Inland Empire, the City experienced
significant change. The changes have had a more acute impact on vulnerable
populations.
This Community Profile compiles information about population change, incomes,
household characteristics, and housing costs, which influence housing choice.
KEY TAKEWAY: Vulnerable Residents
The City’s most vulnerable residents tend to include those who are:
Disabled and elderly
Living in poverty,
Members of the Latino and/or African American communities,
Homeless.
For the City, particularly for residents who do/may experience discrimination
and live in areas of concentrated poverty, critical needs include good,
accessible jobs and housing options.
Workforce
Development
Living Wages & Job-
Generating
Businesses
A Larger, More
Diverse Housing
Stock
Figure 3: Key Takeaways Vulnerable Residents
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A. Demographic Profile
Information in this section is primarily based on the 2013-2017 American Community
Survey (ACS). I n some cases, data from the 2006-2010 ACS estimates and the 2010
U.S. Census have been used to detect trends.
Population Growth
City population growth has slowed since 2010. Between 2000 and 2010, the City grew
by 12.8% percent. In the following decade, growth slowed to about 3 percent
between 2010 and 2017. According to the 2013-2017 ACS estimates, the City’s
population was 215,252, which is much lower than the growth forecast in the
Southern California Association of Government’s (SCAG) 2012 Regional
Transportation Plan. Based on projections prepared by SCAG, the City was projected
to reach 231,200 people by 2020. To reach that projection, the City would need to
achieve a 7 percent increase between 2017 and 2020, which is unlikely when
compared to the prior growth rate of 3 percent and the comparably low growth
rates in the County of San Bernardino and the State of California.
The population increase over time is shown in Table 1 along with a comparison to the
County of San Bernardino and the State of California.
Population Increase
2000 2010 2017
Percentage
Change 2010-
2017
San Bernardino 185,401 209,174 215,252 3%
County of San
Bernardino 1,709,434 2,005,287 2,121,220 5%
State of California 33,871,648 37,253,956 38,982,847 4%
Table 1: Population Increase
Source: 2000, 2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Population growth is significantly lower than regional 2020 projection.
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Age Characteristics
Age is an important factor when evaluating housing needs. As people age, they
pass through different stages associated with changing family types and sizes,
education and training that influence earning capacity , physical abilities, mental
faculties, and overall independence. Together, these and cultural norms correspond
to different housing needs over time. The ability to fill those needs depends on
available housing options in both the rental and ownership markets.
According to the 2013-2017 ACS
estimates, and as shown in Figure 4, San
Bernardino has a higher percentage of
young people than the County in every
category from birth to 39 years old.
Within that age range, those between
20 and 24 years of age make up the
largest segment of the total population
at 9.4 percent. The second and third largest age groups are children under 5 years
old and 5 to 9 years old at 8.5 percent and 8.8 percent, respectively.
Largest Age Groups in Order
20-24 years old (9.4%)
5-9 years old (8.8%)
Under 5 years old (8.5%)
Figure 4: Age Distribution
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0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%10%
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 to 84 years
85 years and over
City County
Age Distribution in San Bernardino City and County
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimate
Graph 1: Age Distribution in San Bernardino City
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B. Race and Ethnicity
Race and ethnicity can have implications for housing choice as a result of
discrimination or economic variables that may correlate with race. According to the
2013-2017 ACS estimates and as shown in Table 2, Hispanic populations of any race
and White Alone populations were the two largest race/ethnic groups in the City,
representing 64.3 percent and 57.4 percent of the total population, respectively.
Black or African American populations represent just over 14 percent of the total
population. Compared with the 2006-2010 ACS estimates, the Hispanic and White
populations have increased however, the black or African American population has
decreased.
Residential Segregation
Residential segregation refers to the degree to which groups live separately from one
another. Segregation is complex, difficult to generalize, and influenced by many
factors. Individual choices can certainly be a cause of segregation, when residents
choose to live among people of their own race/ethnic group. This does not mean
that they prefer ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods, but that they feel more
comfortable where members of their group are commonly found. However,
individual choices may also be constrained by factors outside an individual’s control.
A large factor in residential segregation is related to housing market dynamics.
Availability of affordable housing and discrimination can also affect residential
segregation.
Race and Ethnicity
2006-2010 2013-2017
# % # %
White alone 97,283 46.5% 123,583 57.4%
Black or African American alone 33,684 16.1% 30344 14.1%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone 1,606 0.8% 1593 0.7%
Asian alone 8,916 4.3% 9,602 4.5%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific
Islander alone 534 0.3% 433 18.5%
Some other race alone 59,271 28.3% 39,759 18.5%
Two or more races 7,880 3.8% 9,933 4.6%
Total 209,174 100% 215,252 100%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 121,583 58.1% 138,349 64.3%
Not Hispanic or Latino 87,591 41.9% 76,903 35.7%
Table 2: Race and Ethnicity
Source: 2006-2010 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
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Language Spoken
Housing may not be refused based on a resident’s birthplace or ancestry, nor can
housing providers take advantage of a person’s inability to read, write, speak, or
understand English to deny access. Those with limited English proficiency (LEP) can
face unique challenges in meeting their housing needs, so recipients of federal
financial assistance are required to provide access to programs to LEP citizens. This
condition applies to HUD funds that are allocated to the City.
While housing needs do not vary with language spoken, language is an important
population characteristic because it may influence discriminatory practices and
should be considered when establishing goals and actions to further fair housing. Of
the City’s total population, 48.7 percent speak only English, 46.5 percent speak
Spanish, 3.4 percent speak Asian and Pacific Islander languages, and less than 2
percent speak other Indo-European languages or other non-specified languages.
Language Spoken at Home
Number %
Population 5 years and over 196,983 100.0
-English only 95,891 48.7
-Language other than English 101,092 51.3
Speak English less than "very well" 41,044 20.8
-Spanish 91,525 46.5
Speak English less than "very well" 36,438 18.5
-Other Indio-European languages 1,531 0.8
Speak English less than “very well” 520 0.3
-Asian and Pacific Island languages 6,618 3.4
Speak English less than "very well" 3,426 1.7
-Other languages 1,418 0.7
Speak English less than "very well" 663 0.3
Table 3: Languages Spoken at Home
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
The dissimilarity index is the most used measure of segregation between two groups,
reflecting their relative distributions across neighborhoods (as defined by census
tracts). The index represents the percentage of the minority group that would have
to move to new neighborhoods to achieve integration of that group. An index score
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can range in value from 0 percent, indicating complete integration, to 100 percent,
indicating complete segregation. An index number above 60 is considered high
similarity and segregated. An index number of 31 to 60 is considered moderate
segregation and values of 30 or below are considered low levels of segregation.
Table 4 represents dissimilarity indices for the City. In 2010, segregation was highest
between Asians and Hispanics at an index of 40.4, followed by white and Hispanic
populations, with an index of 39.4. The lowest segregation was between black and
Hispanic residents with an index of 24.6. Overall San Bernardino has become more
integrated, having a healthier mix of ethnicities.
Index of Dissimilarity
1980 1990 2000 2010
White - Black 65.1 49.8 37.4 33.1
White - Hispanic 53.4 49.7 43.1 39.4
White - Asian 26.6 32.2 38.4 36.6
Black - Hispanic 41.7 31.2 25.1 24.6
Black - Asian 59.5 36.3 35.2 32.8
Hispanic - Asian 49.5 38.1 38.6 40.4
Table 4: Index of Dissimilarity
Source: Diversity and Disparities, American Communities Project
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Minority Concentration and Concentrated Areas of Poverty
HUD requires jurisdictions to identify areas of minority concentrations. Minority
population is defined as the total population less those who responded “White
alone” to the U.S. Census. Concentrations are classified through census tract block
groups whose populations of a race or ethnic group are greater than the citywide
proportion.
Block group areas where the percentage of total minority population exceeds the
group’s citywide total percentage are areas of “minority concentration.” Areas that
have a minority population at least two times the citywide total percentage are
areas of “high minority concentration.” Using this criteria and data from HUD’s data
tool for affirmative fair housing, the following census tracts had a high minority
concentration.
The Minority Concentration map (Figure 2) shows the predominant race/ethnicity per
census tract. Census tracts in the City have a concentration of minority citizens. The
Hispanic population is distributed widely across the City. A few census blocks have
predominantly white populations, which are located in the northern half of the city.
Two census blocks on the southern edge are primarily populated by Asian
households.
Census tracts with a household poverty rate of 40 percent or above and a
majority/minority population are referred to as Racially/Ethnically Concentrated
Areas of Poverty (R/ECAP). Figure 3 displays R/ECAP census tracts in green. Most
R/ECAPs are in the center of the City.
Poverty has an adverse impact on housing choice. The limitation to affordable
housing can compromise health, safety, and services that households needs to live.
American Indian and Alaska Native groups have the highest percentage of poverty
across all racial and ethnic groups with 38.6 percent.
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Minority Concentration in and Near City of San Bernardino
Map 1: Minority Concentration
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Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty
Map 2: Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty
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C. Housing Profile
The household profile, which outlines characteristics of San Bernardino’s househ olds,
aids in understanding housing needs. Households with different characteristics face
different impediments in the housing market. Various household characteristics may
affect equal access to housing, including household type, size, and income level. A
household, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, includes all the persons who
occupy a housing unit, which may include a single family, one person living alone,
two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated
persons who share living arrangements.
Household Size
The number of San Bernardino households increased between 2015 and 2017, from
57,580 to 58,046 households. As shown in Table 5, the majority of the City’s
households are families (75 percent). Approximately 3.5 percent of households are
female-headed single-parent households living with their own children. In 2010, the
average household size in the City was 3.42 persons per household, and in 2017 it
was 3.52. About 23 percent of San Bernardino households included at least one or
more elderly persons.
Table 5: Housing Types
Source: 2006-2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Household Type
Total Households Number # Percent %
Family households 43,624 75.2%
With own children under 18 yrs 22,881 39.4%
Married couple with family 23,799 41.0%
With own children under 18 yrs 11,981 20.6%
Female householder, no husband present 14,218 24.5%
With own children under 18 yrs 8,242 14.2%
Nonfamily households 14,422 24.8%
Householder living alone 11,144 19.2%
Householder 65 years and over 4,205 7.2%
Households with individuals under 18 years 27,423 47.2%
Households with individuals over 65 years 13,450 23.2%
Average household size 3.52
Average family size 4.02
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
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Table 6: Housing Tenure
Source: 2006-2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Special Needs Populations
Certain groups may have difficulty finding housing in the City and may require
specialized services, assistance, and accommodations. Due to challenges that
accompany special needs, these people may be more likely to earn extremely low
to low incomes. Special needs groups include the elderly, disabled persons (mental,
physical, and/or developmental), veterans, persons with HIV/AIDS, single-parent
households (male and female), large households, and homeless persons.
Seniors
Persons age 65 years and older may have special housing needs primarily due to
income, health care costs, and physical or mental disabilities, particularly those that
tend to increase with age. As a result, s eniors may face difficulty in finding housing
and may become victims of housing discrimination or fraud. According to the 2013-
2017 ACS estimates, approximately 18,597 seniors resided in the City, representing 8.6
percent of the total population. The senior population is growing at a faster pace
than the overall population. Between 2010 and 2017, the total number of seniors in
San Bernardino increased by more than 12 percent, while the City’s total population
between those two years increased by only 2.5 percent. Seniors are distributed
among 23 percent of households in San Bernardino wherein at least one or more
persons are 65 or older.
Persons with Disabilities
Physical, mental, and/or developmental disabilities may prevent a person from
working, restrict one’s mobility, or make self-care difficulty. Disabled persons
frequently have special housing needs, often related to a potentially limited ability to
earn enough income, a lack of accessible and affordable housing, and higher
health costs associated with a disability. In addition, persons with self-care and
mobility limitations may require special housing design features such as wheelchair
ramps, grab bars, special bathroom designs, wider doorway openings, and other
features.
Housing Tenure (Occupied Units)
Tenure 2010 2017
Units % Units %
Owner-Occupied 31,662 52.0% 27,137 46.8%
Renter-Occupied 29,294 48.0% 30,909 53.2%
Total Occupied Housing
Units 60,956 100% 58,046 100%
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According to the 2013-2017 ACS estimates, 12.8 percent of San Bernardino residents
reported a disability. This is an increase from the 2008-2012 ACS estimates, which
estimated 12 percent of the population had one or more disabilities. About 18
percent of the black or African American population reported a disability, which
means that black or African Americans reported a disability at a higher rate.
Disability is also categorized by age. Approximately 16.5 percent of those between
the ages of 35 to 64 reported having a disability. Approximately 38.5 percent of those
between the ages of 65 to 74 reported having a disability, which is approximately 8
percent higher than the County level. For those 75 years and older, 60.9 percent of
the population reported having a disability, which is approximately 5 percent higher
than the County level.
Persons with Disabilities
Subject
Estimate
Total With a
disability
Percent
with a
disability
Total civilian noninstitutionalized population 209,082 26,794 12.8%
SEX
Male 105,780 13,240 13.1%
Female 109,472 13,554 12.6%
RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN
White alone 123,583 15,013 12.4%
Black or African American alone 30,344 5,165 18.0%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone 1,598 264 17.7%
Asian alone 9,602 1,178 12.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 433 43 10.1%
Some other race alone 39,759 4,176 10.8%
Two or more races 9,933 955 9.9%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 32,877 7,139 23.1%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 138,349 12,892 9.5%
AGE
Under 5 years 18,269 69 0.4%
5 to 17 years 46,196 2,390 5.2%
18 to 34 years 60,139 4,497 7.8%
35 to 64 years 72,051 11,378 16.5%
65 to 74 years 14,283 4,228 38.5%
75 years and over 7,314 4,232 60.9%
Table 7: Persons with Disabilities
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year
A major challenge facing the City is the availability of housing stock with accessible
features that meet the needs of disabled residents and their families. As discussed
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above, the rate of disability tends to increase with age; as the City’s population
ages, the need for accessible senior housing is expected to increase. The 2013-2017
ACS estimates showed that 14.8 percent or 2,659 residents above the age of 65 were
living below the poverty level. Living below the poverty level further limits resources
and puts an additional constraint on the already limited housing options available to
seniors with a disability.
Large Households and Families with Children
The size and composition of large households vary from family to family and home to
home. Large households often are families with three or more children or households
with extended families including in-laws or grandparents. They are considered a
special needs group because of the limited availability of adequately sized,
affordable housing units. To afford shelter in addition to food, clothing, and medical
care, very low- and low-income large households may live in overcrowded
conditions.
Families with children may face discrimination or differential treatment in the housing
market. Some landlords may charge large households a higher rent or security
deposit, limit the number of children in a complex, limit the time children can play
outdoors, or choose to not rent to families with children. According to the 2013-2017
ACS estimates, there were approximately 58,046 total households in the City, of
which 43,624 were families. Within the count of families, there were 17,188 families
with their own children under 18 years old (or 29.6 percent of the total household
population). Table 8 shows the number of large households residing the City in the
years 2000 (6,555), 2010 (8,022), and 2017 (14,267). In 2010, there were 8,022 large
households and in 2017, there were 14,267 large households representing an increase
of 77.8%.
Large Households
2000 2010 2017
# % # % # %
5 persons 3,206 10.9% 5 persons 3,577 11.9% 5 persons 6,795 11.7%
6 persons 1,815 6.1% 6 persons 2,059 6.9% 6 persons 4,144 7.1%
7+ person 1,534 6.2% 7+ person 2,386 8.0% 7+ person 3,328 5.7%
Table 8: Large Households
Source: 2000, 2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Single-Parent Households
Single-parent families, particularly female-headed families, often require special
consideration and assistance due to more limited resources in having a one person -
heading up the household versus two. There is a greater need for affordable housing
and accessible daycare, healthcare, and other supportive services. Because of
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more limited resources, and relatively lower income and higher burden of living
expenses, female-headed families have more limited opportunities to find
affordable, healthy, and safe housing. Female-headed families may also be
discriminated against in the rental housing market because some landlords are
concerned about the ability of these households to make regular rent payments.
Consequently, landlords may require more stringent credit checks for women, which
would be a violation of fair housing law.
Single Parent Households
City County
Total Households 58,042 623,642
# of Single Parent Households 10,900 77,378
% of Single Parent Households 18.8% 12.4%
Table 9: Single-Parent Households
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimate
Data from the 2013-2017 ACS estimates is limited on the breakdown of single male - or
female-headed household families with children. Male householders with no wife
present totaled 23,799 households and female householders with no husband
present totaled 14,218 households.
According to the 2010 Census, there were a total of 59,283 households in the City
and 24,979 households with children. Households with a male householder (no wife
present) with their own children were 2,819 (or 4.8 percent of the household
population) and households with a female householder (no husband present) with
their own children were 7,930 (or 13.3 percent of the household population).
Married couple families with children under 18 years old had a poverty rate of 22.1
percent, whereas the rate was 54.1 percent for female householder-headed families
with children under 18 years old with no husband present (2013-2017 ACS estimates).
Therefore, households with a female householder (no husband present) with children
under 18 years old have higher rates of poverty.
Furthermore, per 2013-2017 ACS estimates, families with two people had a poverty
rate (as defined by HUD standards of family income -- $16,240 or less for family of
two1) of 7.5 percent and families with five people had a poverty rate of 22.4 percent
($28,780 or less). Larger families faced a significantly higher rate of poverty. The 2013 -
2017 ACS estimates identified 36.2 percent of families in San Bernardino as families
1 The bottom quintile households receive on average $45,000 in government transfers, (such as food stamps, Medicare,
Medicaid etc.) which the Census Bureau does not count as income, thus understating household’s resources and
overstating poverty status. (Source: Phil Gramm and Joh F. Early The Truth About Income Inequality WSJ 11/4/19).
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with children living below the poverty level. According to the 2018 Census estimate,
the overall poverty rate for the City was 11.8 percent. Family households with
children are therefore more likely to be living below the poverty level.
Persons with HIV/AIDS
For persons living with HIV/AIDs, access to safe, affordable housing, along with quality
healthcare, are the primary contributing factors to their overall well -being. The
National Commission on AIDS states that up to half of all Americans with AIDS are
either homeless or at imminent risk of becoming homeless because of their illness,
lack of income or other resources, and having a weak support network. Biases such
as stigmatism associated with their illness and perceived sexual orientation can add
to the difficulty of obtaining and maintaining housing. Persons with HIV/AIDS may also
require a broad range of services, including counseling, medical care, in-home care,
transportation assistance, and food provision. Today, compared to decades ago,
persons with HIV/AIDS live longer and require longer provision of services and
housing.
The most current information available from the California Department of Public
Health, Office of AIDS indicates that the number of new diagnoses increased by 0.8
percent between 2013 and 2017. However, the rate of new diagnoses per 100,000
people declined by 2.4 during the same time period. The number of newly
diagnosed people in the County was 189 people in 2013 and 248 in 2017.
According to the same source, between 2013 and 2017, diagnoses and rate
(number per 100,000 people) increased from 3,261 at a rate of 2.6 to 4,401 at a rate
of 3.3, which is an increase of 0.7 percent. In 2014, 3,380 people were diagnosed and
living with HIV in San Bernardino County at a rate of 2.7. In 2015, that number was
3,575 at a rate of 2.8. In 2017, the number of people living and diagnosed w ith HIV in
the County was 4,401 at a rate of 3.3. Overall, in 2017, there were 4,401 people living
and diagnosed with HIV of which 3,120 were in care and 2,278 were virally
suppressed.
To address fair housing issues of a community, the existing housing ma rket must be
analyzed to distinguish local and current conditions. The following sections provide
an overview of the characteristics of the local and regional housing market.
Housing Conditions
Age is an indication of the quality of the housing stock. Hou sing over 30 years old is
likely to require rehabilitation such as plumbing, roof, or foundation repairs. In
addition, older homes tend to be less energy efficient, which increases utility costs.
Graph 2 displays the age of San Bernardino’s housing stock according to the 2013-
2017 ACS estimates. Of all housing units in San Bernardino, 14.7 percent are less than
30 years old. In contrast, 52 percent are more than 50 years old.
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1939 or
earlier
1940 to
1949
1950 to
1959
1960 to
1969
1970 to
1979
1980 to
1989
1990 to
1999
2000 to
2009
2010 to
2013
2014 or
laterNumber of Units Year Built Graph 2: Housing Stock by Year Built
Housing Stock by Year Built
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Vacancy Rate
Residential mobility is influenced by tenure. Ownership housing is associated with a
much lower turnover rate than rental housing. Tenure preferences are primarily
related to household income, composition, and age of the householder.
Table 10 demonstrates the City’s vacancy rates in 2010 and 2017 based on ACS
data. A healthy vacancy rate is associated with choice and mobility. Generally, a
healthy vacancy rate for owner-occupied housing is 2-3 percent vacancy. For rental
units, a healthy rate is 5-6 percent.
In 2010, the vacancy rate for owner-occupied housing was 0.7 percent above
range, or 3.7%, and in 2017 it was lower by 0.7 percent, or 1.3%. In 2010, the renter-
occupied rate was above the healthy range by 0.9 percent, at 6.9%. By 2017, the
rental vacancy rate returned to the healthy range at 6.0 percent.
Vacant Units and Vacancy Rates
Tenure 2010 2017
Homeowner Vacancy Rate 3.7% 1.3%
Renter Vacancy Rate 6.9% 6.0%
Table 10: Vacant Units and Vacancy Rates
Source: 2006-2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
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Housing Costs and Affordability
The cost of housing relative to income is one of the most important factors in
evaluating a community’s housing market. If housing costs are relatively high in
comparison to household income, housing cost burden and overcrowding tends to
occur. However, housing affordability alone is not necessarily a fair housing issue.
Such concern arises when housing affordability is coupled with factors protected
under fair housing laws, such as household type, composition, and race/ethnicity.
Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined
1 Person 2 Persons 3 Persons 4 Persons
Extremely Low (0%-30%)
Annual Income $15,100 $17,250 $21,330 $25,750
Monthly Income $1,258 $1,438 $1,778 $2,146
Affordable Purchase Price* $62,000 $70,000 $87,000 $105,000
Affordable Monthly Rent $377 $431 $533 $644
Very Low (30%-50%)
Annual Income $25,150 $28,750 $32,350 $35,900
Monthly Income $2,096 $2,396 $2,696 $2,992
Affordable Purchase Price* $102,000 $125,000 $132,000 $146,000
Affordable Monthly Rent** $629 $719 $809 $898
Table 11: Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined
Source: 2006-2010, 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Table 12: Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined
Source: 2019 HUD Income Limits for San Bernardino County
*Note: Affordable Purchase Price assumes a minimum down payment (3.5%), a mortgage payment
that will not result in a cost burden, and good credit. Pricing from
https://smartasset.com/mortgage/how-much-house-can-i-afford#PCGmA6nHyA
**Note: Affordable Monthly Rent assumes a monthly payment that will not result in a cost burden (less
than 30% of monthly income)
Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined (continued)
1 Person 2 Persons 3 Persons 4 Persons
Low (50%-80%)
Annual Income $40,250 $46,000 $51,750 $57,450
Monthly Income $3,354 $3,833 $4,313 $4,788
Affordable Purchase Price* $164,000 $187,000 $211,000 $234,000
Affordable Monthly Rent $1,006 $1,150 $1,294 $1,436
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Housing & Ownership Costs
Table 13 shows median home purchase prices in the City compared to statewide.
While the purchase price of homes is significantly higher statewide than it is in the
City, this is not an indication of affordability. Instead, the difference is an indication of
what may motivate homebuyers to move into the area and increase the overall
demand for housing. This migration of homebuyers into the City from other parts of
the state is a concern expressed during stakeholder interviews. Like the rest of the
state, San Bernardino has followed the same trend of steadily increasing housing
prices.
Table 13: Median Home Purchase Price
Source: California Association of Realtors
Median Home Purchase Price for State of California and
City of San Bernardino, 2015 through 2019
2016 2017 2018 2019
State City State City State City State City
Jan $467,160 $234,460 $491,840 $245,440 $527,780 $277,000 $537,120 $290,000
Feb $444,780 $226,870 $480,270 $265,000 $522,440 $278,000 $534,140 $298,250
Mar $484,120 $237,350 $518,600 $260,000 $564,830 $280,000 $565,880 $309,950
Apr $509,240 $236,850 $537,950 $255,500 $584,460 $289,900 $602,920 $305,000
May $519,930 $245,080 $550,239 $272,500 $600,860 $285,000 $611,190 $315,000
Jun $518,980 $245,220 $555,410 $270,000 $602,770 $293,250 $610,720 $310,000
Jul $511,420 $248,000 $549,460 $266,250 $591,230 $292,000 $607,990 $312,000
Aug $527,490 $240,500 $565,330 $269,950 $596,410 $290,000 $617,410 $315,000
Sep $516,450 $251,750 $555,410 $279,000 $578,850 $300,000 $605,680 $315,000
Oct $513,520 $245,000 $546,430 $274,450 $572,000 $289,000 - -
Nov $502,490 $250,000 $546,820 $280,000 $554,760 $299,450 - -
Dec $510,560 $255,000 $546,550 $278,000 $557,600 $295,000 - -
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Rental Housing Cost
Overall, the median rental cost in San Bernardino increased between 2015 and 2018.
During these years, the median rent increased from $976 to $1,068 for a percent
increase of 9.4%, which is lower than State (+13.9%) and National (10.2%) rates . As
shown in Table 14, both the lowest cost categories (up to $999) and the highest cost
categories ($2,000-2,999) decreased as a percentage of the rental market.
Rental Housing Cost, 2015 through 2018
2015 2016 2017 2018
Less than $500 7.60% 8.50% 8.20% 7.60%
$500 to $999 45.70% 45.20% 38.40% 35.70%
$1,000 to $1,499 35.00% 31.70% 35.60% 38.30%
$1,500 to $1,999 8.40% 12.20% 15.00% 16.30%
$2,000 to $2,499 3.00% 2.40% 2.00% 1.80%
$2,500 to $2,999 0.30% 0.00% 0.80% 0.40%
Median 976 971 1,038 1,068
No Rent Paid 924 788 1,001 509
Occupied units paying rent 30,703 31,350 29,844 30,969
Table 14: Rental Housing Cost
Source: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ACS 1-Year Estimates
Another way to look at cost is to incorporate utilities. HUD annually publishes fair
market rents (FMR), which represent an affordable cost and include an estimated
utility cost for different size units in the County. As shown in Table 15, FMR increased
for all unit sizes between 2018 and 2019.
San Bernardino County Fair Market Rents by Unit Bedrooms, 2018 and 2019
Year Efficiency One-
Bedroom
Two-
Bedroom
Three-
Bedroom
Four-
Bedroom
FY 2018 FMR $768 $926 $1,156 $1,618 $2,004
Table 15: County Fair Market Rents
Source: HUD FY 2018 and 2019 Fair Market Rent Documentation System, Riverside-San Bernardino-
Ontario, CA
Housing Cost Burden
According to the federal government, households that spend more than 30 percent
of income on housing is considered cost burdened. A cost burden of 30 to 50
percent is considered moderate; payment in excess of 50 percent of income is
considered a severe cost burden. Cost burden is an important housing issue because
paying too much for housing leaves less money available for basics such as food
and living expenses as well as for emergency expenditures.
Upper-income households generally can pay a larger proportion of income for
housing. Therefore, estimates of housing cost burden generally focus on low - and
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moderate-income households. Primarily, the City households in low-income brackets
are renters, as shown in Table 16.
Table 16: Income Distribution Overview
Source: 2012-2016 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy
Most low-income households in the City experience cost burden. Table 17 shows two
overlapping categories of cost burden. The categories represent those who spend
more than 30 percent of their income on housing costs and a subset of that group
that spends more than 50 percent of their income on housing costs. The latter group
is severely cost burdened. The rate of severe cost burden is highest among the
extremely low-income group.
Housing Cost Burden Overview (Owners and Renters)
Household Income Cost Burden > 30% Cost Burden > 50%
# % # %
Extremely Low Income (0% - 30%) 10,785 78.92% 9,415 68.90%
Very Low Income (30%-50%) 7,415 77.85% 3,755 39.42%
Low Income (50%-80%) 5,925 52.64% 1,070 9.51%
Table 17: Housing Cost Burden Overview
Source: 2012-2016 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy
Income and Workforce
Household income does not directly affect fair housing options. However,
perceptions about income as it relates to household type and size, race/ethnicity,
and other characteristics can result in biases that trigger fair housing concerns. The
workforce profile included here is important to help set goals and priorities for
workforce development to increase access to jobs and economic mobility.
Median Income Limits
In 2017, the median household income (MHI) for the City of San Bernardino was
$41,027, County of San Bernardino was $57,156, and the State of California was
$67,169. MHI was 39.1 percent less than the County and 63.72 percent less than
California. Table 18 shows the breakdown of MHI by race and ethnicity. When
compared to other racial and ethnic groups, Asian and white households have the
highest MHI in the City. Black households have the lowest MHI of any groups in the
City.
Income Distribution Overview
Owner Rental Total # % # %
Extremely Low Income (0%-30%) 2,805 20.53% 10,860 79.47% 13,665
Very Low Income (30%-50%) 3,260 34.23% 6,265 65.77% 9,525
Low Income (50%-80%) 5,210 46.29% 6,045 53.71% 11,255
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Median Household Income by Race
2006-2010 2013-2017
Median Income Median Income
White $44,304 $44,701
Black $32,590 $29,311
Indian $47,500 $36,071
Asian $37,045 $45,154
Native Hawaiian $73,098
Some other race $37,492 $40,081
2 or more races $46,367 $33,910
Hispanic $37,737 $41,325
Median in San Bernardino $39,895 $41,027
Table 18: Median Household Income by Race
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010 ACS 5-Year Estimates
As established by HUD, low-moderate income (LMI) households refer to those whose
incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the area median income (AMI). A low -income
area is defined as a census tract or block group made up of at least 51 percent of
households in the low- and moderate- income ranges. LMI is set by HUD and
adjusted for the total number of persons in the household. There are three income
levels for LMI households:
Extremely low income: Households earning 30% or less than the AMI
Very low income: Households earning between 30% to 50% of the AMI
Low income: Households earning between 50% to 80% of the AMI
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HUD Median Income Limits for City of San Bernardino, 2019
Median
Family
Income
FY Income
Limit
Category
Number of Persons in Household
1
Person
2
Person
3
Person
4
Person
5
Person
6
Person
7
Person
$69,700
Extremely
Low (0-
30%)
$15,100 $17,250 $21,330 $25,750 $30,170 $34,590 $39,010
Very Low
(30%-50%) $25,150 $28,750 $32,350 $35,900 $38,800 $41,650 $44,550
Low
(50%-80%) $40,250 $46,000 $51,750 $57,450 $62,050 $66,650 $71,250
Table 19: HUD Median Income Limits
Source: HUD 2019 Income Limits Summary, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
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Areas of Low- and Moderate-Income Concentration
Map 3: Areas of Low- and Moderate-Income
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D. Employment and Workforce
Employment status appears in Table 20 The total number of people employed was
78,721 or about 49.9 percent of the total population. The number of unemployed
was 11,584 or 7.3 percent. The number of people not in the labor force was 67,504 or
24.7 percent of the population. In comparison, the unemployment rate for the
County was 5.9 percent for the same time period. In 2020 the City will open an
employment center focused on homeless employment needs.
Table 20: Employment Status
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
Table 21 summarizes the City’s workforce by industry. Three industries comprise nearly
45 percent of the workforce. They are a) educational services, health care and
social assistance, b) retail trade, and c) transportation, warehousing and utilities.
Public administration has the highest median earning of $39,638. The lowest earning
industry includes those who work in the arts, entertainment, recreati on,
accommodations and food services.
Workforce by Industry
# of Total
Industry % Share Median
Earnings
Educational services, and health care and
social assistance 16,489 20.90% $28,826
Retail trade 9,987 12.70% $17,284
Transportation and warehousing, and
utilities 8,299 10.50% $28,288
Professional, scientific, and management,
and administrative and waste
management services
7,493 9.50% $21,771
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services 7,384 9.40% $14,657
Employment Status
# %
Employed 78,721 49.9%
Unemployed 11,584 7.3%
Not in labor force 67,504 42.7%
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Manufacturing 7,217 9.20% $28,514
Construction 5,921 7.50% $29,232
Other services, except public administration 4,800 6.10% $20,300
Public administration 3,760 4.80% $39,638
Finance and insurance, and real estate
and rental and leasing 3,312 4.20% $31,350
Wholesale trade 2,762 3.50% $27,965
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting,
and mining 708 0.90% $23,050
Information 589 0.70% $31,027
Table 21: Workforce by Industry
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimates
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E. Homeless
Homelessness is attributable to challenges resulting from the loss of employment,
difficulty finding jobs, the need to develop or redevelop marketable skills, the cost of
housing, chronic health problems, physical disabilities, mental health disabilities, drug
and alcohol addiction, and/or a host of other factors. Individuals or families that are
homeless have a variety of special needs, including emergency shelter, counseling,
job training, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing.
The San Bernardino County Point in Time Count and Subpopulation Survey for 2019
documented 890 homeless individuals in the City of San Bernardino. Based on the
County’s 2018 survey, the homeless population in the City increased by 37.8 percent.
Table 22 summarizes the information available for 2019.
2019 Homeless Count
Sheltered Unsheltered Living in Transitional
Housing Total
123 639 128 890
Table 22: Homeless Count
Source: 2019 San Bernardino County Point in Time Count and Subpopulation Survey
The San Bernardino County Homeless Survey provides more detail about the
County’s homeless population. Although the information does not break out
information for the City, those who live in the City are included in the County’s total
numbers. When unsheltered homeless persons were asked how long they have been
homeless, 59 percent responded “1 to 5 years.” Most homeless persons were male
(71 percent). Veterans were 8 percent of those surveyed. Approximately 20 percent
surveyed self-reported life-threatening chronic health conditions, such as heart, lung,
liver, kidney, or cancerous disease.
HUD reports on homeless household types in the County of San Bernardino in its 2018
Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Program’s Homeless Populations and
Subpopulations data. Nearly 10 percent of homeless households in the County
include children. Among those households with children, most take shelter in
emergency facilities or transitional housing. Table 23 summarizes this data.
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Homeless Populations by Type Reported in the County and City of San Bernardino
Emergency
Shelter
Transitional
Housing Unsheltered Total
Households without children 109 127 1,336 1,572
Households with at least one
adult and one child 65 59 29 153
Households with only children 3 0 4 7
Total Homeless Households 177 186 1,369 1,732
Table 23: Homeless Populations
Source: HUD 2018 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Program Homeless Populations and
Subpopulations
F. Public Transit and Train Services
The City and surrounding County are served by the San Bernardino County
Transportation Authority (SBCTA). SBCTA distributes many of the funds for public
transit service in the area and is responsible for oversight of all transit service
throughout the County. The County is currently served by seven operators for public
transit, and SBCTA funds all these operators except for the Foothill Transit Authority.
The SBCTA funds various bus operators in the area, as well as rail and rideshare
services.
The SBCTA funds five bus operators, with the largest being Omnitrans, which provides
about 13 million passenger trips per year on local and express routes, SBX rapid transit
services, and paratransit services. Omnitrans serves 15 cities and seven
unincorporated areas of the County. In addition, SBCTA also funds Morongo Basin
Transit Authority, Mountain Transit, Victor Valley Transit Authority, and Needles Area
Transit to help bolster bus services for the region.
The City and surrounding County has rail services which are partly funded by SBCTA
and provided by Metrolink, which provides rail service to transportation commissions
in the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Ventura, and San Bernardino.
Metrolink is governed by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA).
These rail services operate on seven routes on a 536-mile network which also touches
parts of San Diego County.
In addition to the City’s services through Metrolink, the Redlands Regional Rail Project
is currently in the construction phase and will bring more options to the City. It is a
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new, 9-mile advances regional rail project that will connect residents, business, and
visitors to many destinations in the area, and will also work to integrate itself into
surrounding systems of other modes including auto, bus, and bicycle.
Along with the funded bus services and rail services, the SBCTA also funds a newly
devised rideshare/vanpool program for the City. This program is in partnership with
the Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC), and offers residents
incentives, rewards, and free rideshare program support to employers in order to
encourage reduced single occupancy vehicle trips and help reduce traffic for the
area.
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Chapter 4: Lending Practices
Lending practices are a contributing factor to fair housing choice. An important
element of fair housing choice is equity in money lending from financial service
organizations. Such organizations include credit unions, banks, credit card
companies, and insurance companies. Lending is often required for the access to
credit financing for mortgages, home equity, and home repair loans. Access to
information regarding financial services is also a concern involving equality.
Gaps in financial services can make residents vulnerable to these types of predatory
lending practices, and lack of access to quality banking and financial services may
jeopardize an individual’s credit and the overall sustainability of homeownership and
wealth accumulation.
This chapter reviews lending practices of financial institutions and financing allowed
to all households but with an emphasis on lending to minority and low -income
households. However, a jurisdiction’s control over lending is limited due to federal
laws and regulations.
A. Laws Governing Lending
Historically, lending practices of financial institutions prevented minority groups from
equal access to credit. Such practices included credit market distortions and
redlining. These barriers contributed to segregated neighborhoods that persist in
cities today. This section reviews the lending practices of financial institutions and the
access to financing for all households and neighborhoods.
Fair Housing Act
The passage of the FHA in 1968 sought to end discrimination against protected
classes in all aspects of residential real estate-related transactions, including
mortgage lending. Under the FHA, a lender may not discriminate against a
protected class in any aspect of mortgage lending, such as failure to provide
information or services, selectively encouraging or discouraging applicants, varying
the terms of credit offered, as well as refusing to extend credit. Further, the FHA
requires lenders to make reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities
when such accommodations are necessary to offer equal opportunities to apply for
credit.
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act passed in 1974 makes it unlawful for any creditor to
discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit
transaction, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status,
age, or the applicant’s receipt of income derived from any public assistan ce
program. The law applies to any person who, in the ordinary course of business,
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regularly participates in a credit decision, including banks, retailers, bankcard
companies, finance companies, and credit unions.
Community Reinvestment Act
The passage of the Community Reinvestment Ac t (CRA) in 1977 was designed to
improve access to credit for all members of the community, including very low - and
low-income persons and neighborhoods. In particular, the CRA counteracted
redlining, or the historical practice by which banks and other financial institutions
would not provide loans to lower-income neighborhoods. Under the CRA, federal
regulators assess banks’ and other financial institutions’ performances in addressing
the needs of all community members and neighborhoods. Banks and financial
institutions are given a score of Outstanding, Satisfactory, Needs Improvement, or
Substantially Noncompliant, which are published publicly.
Subsequently, Congress enacted the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (discussed in
further detail below) in 1975 to require financial institutions to make annual public
disclosures of their home mortgage lending activity, including the disposition of loan
applicants by income, gender, and race.
Banking Regulators for the CRA
Three federal banking agencies, or regulators, are responsible for the CRA.
Banks that have CRA obligations are supervised by one of these three
regulators. Each regulator has a dedicated CRA site that provides information
about the banks they oversee and those banks' CRA ratings and Performance
Evaluations. Regulators are as follows:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Federal Reserve Board (FRB)
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
Federal Reserve’s Role
The Federal Reserve supervises state member banks or state-chartered banks
that have applied for and been accepted to be part of the Federal Reserve
System--for CRA compliance. To carry out its role, the Federal Reserve must:
Examine state member banks to evaluate and rate their performance
under the CRA;
Consider banks' CRA performance in context with other supervisory
information when analyzing applications for mergers, acquisitions, and
branch openings; and
Share information about community development techniques with
bankers and the public.
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Financial Stability Act
The Financial Stability Act of 2009 established the Making Home Affordable Program,
which assists eligible homeowners who can no longer afford their home with
mortgage loan modifications and other options, including short sale or deed-in-lieu
of foreclosure. The program is targeted toward homeowners facing foreclosure and
homeowners who are unemployed or “underwater” (i.e., homeowners who owe
more on their mortgage than their home is worth).
Helping Families Save Their Homes Act
The Helping Families Save Their Homes Act was passed by Congress in May 2009 and
expands the Making Home Affordable Program. This act includes provisions to make
mortgage-assistance and foreclosure-prevention services more accessible to
homeowners and increases protections for renters living in foreclosed homes. It also
establishes the right of a homeowner to know who owns their mortgage and
provides more than two billion dollars in funds to address homelessness. Under this bill,
tenants also have the right to stay in their homes after foreclosure for 90 days or
through the term of their lease.
B. Conventional Loans Versus Government-Backed Loans
Conventional financing is market-rate-priced loans provided by private lending
institutions such as banks, mortgage companies, and savings and loans. To assist
households that may have difficulty in obtaining home mortgage financing in the
private market due to income and equity issues, several government agenc ies offer
loan products that have below-market interest rates and are insured (or
underwritten) by the agencies.
Sources of government-backed financing include loans insured or underwritten by
the Federal Housing Administration (FHA-insured), the Department of Veterans Affairs
(VA-guaranteed), and the Farm Service Agency or Rural Housing Services (FHS/RHS).
Often, these types of loans are offered to the consumer through private lending
institutions and make the difference in qualifying or not qualifying for a mortgage.
Table 24 summarizes the disposition of home loan applications submitted to financial
institutions in 2008, 2013, and 2018 for purchase in the City. Despite a dip in
applications in 2013, the total number of applicants rose from 5,068 in 2008 to 6,335 in
2018. The increase in applicants is mainly attributable to a jump in the number of
people applying for government-backed loans.
Government-backed loans generally have more lenient credit score requirements,
lower down payment requirements, and are available to those with recent
bankruptcies. However, these loans may also carry higher interest rates and require
most homebuyers to purchase mortgage insurance. Furthermore, government-
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backed loans have strict limits on the amount the homebuyer can borrow for the
purchase of the home.
Federal Housing Administration
Loans from the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans have helped people
become homeowners since 1934. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) - which is
part of HUD - insures the loan so that lenders can offer borrowers a better deal.
Advantages of FHA include:
Low down payments
Low closing costs
Easy credit qualifying
Veterans Administration (VA) Home Loans
VA loans help current and former service members, veterans, and eli gible surviving
spouses become homeowners. As part of their mission they provide a home loan
guaranty benefit and other housing-related programs to help buy, build, repair,
retain, or adapt a home for personal occupancy. VA Home Loans are provided by
private lenders, such as banks and mortgage companies. VA guarantees a portion
of the loan, enabling the lender to provide more favorable terms.
Rural Housing Services/Farm Service Agency (RHA/FSA)
FSA/RHS-guaranteed USDA’s Rural Housing Service offers a variety of programs to
build or improve housing and essential community facilities in rural areas. They
provide loans, grants and loan guarantees for single- and multi-family housing,
childcare centers, fire and police stations, hospitals, libraries, nursing homes, schools,
first responder vehicles and equipment, housing for farm laborers. The RHS/FSA also
provides technical assistance, loans and grants in partnership with non-profit
organizations, Indian tribes, state and federal government agencies, and local
communities.
Conventional Loan
A conventional loan is a mortgage that is not sponsored by government but is
available through a private lender. Conventional loans comprise most mortgages
issued. Some conventional loans must meet the requirements of Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac, the two largest buyers of mortgage loans in the United States. Studies
of conventional loans in HMDA data have shown that commercial banks and thrift
institutions lend less to areas (or tracts) that are low -income and predominantly
minority concentrated.
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Over 75% of the
community is Hispanic, as
are most of the home
purchase loans and a
large majority of loans in
the City are conventional
bank loans.
Studies have also shown that a substantial portion of home purchase loans extended
in predominantly minority middle-income areas are
government-backed, while a similar pattern does not
hold for white neighborhoods with similar incomes.
Such practices have the potential to constitute
discrimination and are known as redlining. The practice
of redlining is a barrier to fair housing. However, in the
case of the City, over 75% of the community is Hispanic,
as are most of the home purchase loans and a large
majority of loans in the City are conventional bank
loans.
Disposition of Home Loans (2008, 2013, and 2018)
Loan Type Total Applicants Percentage of Total
2008 2013 2018 2008 2013 2018
Government-
Backed Loans (FHA,
VA, FSA/RHS)
1,909 1,995 3,174 37.6% 57% 49.9%
Conventional 3,159 1,504 3,161 62.4% 43% 50.1%
Total 5,068 3,499 6,335 100% 100% 100%
Table 24: Disposition of Home Loans
Source: www.lendingpattern.com, 2008, 2013, and 2018
C. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Data Analysis
The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) was enacted by Congress in 1975 and is
implemented by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau under Regulation C (12
CFR Section 1003). This regulation provides the public loan data that can be used to
assist:
In determining whether financial institutions are serving the housing needs of
their communities;
Public officials in distributing public-sector investments to attract private
investment to areas where it is needed;
In identifying possible discrimination lending patterns.
Under the HMDA, lenders are required to disclose information on the disposition of
home loan applications and on race, national origin, gender, and annual income of
loan applicants.
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As described above, the FHA prohibits discrimination in mortgage lending based on
race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status , or disability. It is, therefore,
important to look not just at overall approval and denial rates for a jurisdiction, but
also whether these rates vary by other factors, such as race/ethnicity.
Table 25 presents data provided via the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act by race and
ethnicity. In 2018, there were 6,335 applications in the City and 67.9 percent were
approved. The following action rates are notable.
Hispanic applicants submitted the most applications, which corresponds to
their percentage of the overall population
Black or African American applicants experienced the highest rate of other
actions, meaning that Black or African American applicants either withdrew,
submitted incomplete applications, or had loans purchased
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander applicants had the highest denial
rate
Mortgage Approvals by Race/Ethnicity, 2018
Total
Number of
Applications
Percent of
Total
Applications
Action Type
Approved
(a)
Denied
(b)
Other
(c)
Non-Hispanic
American Indian 7 0.1% 71.4% 14.3% 14.3%
Asian 201 3.2% 64.8% 10.8% 24.3%
Black or African
American 398 6.3% 62.1% 10.7% 27.2%
Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific
Islander
23
0.4%
63.6% 27.3% 9.1%
White 1,076 17.0% 71.5% 9.6% 18.9%
Multi-Race 47 0.7% 64.2% 11.9% 23.8%
Information Not
Provided 1,292 20.4% 65.1% 11.1% 23.9%
Hispanic 3,291 51.9% 68.2% 10.4% 21.4%
Total 6,335 67.9% 9.1% 29.1%
Table 25: Mortgage Approvals by Race/Ethnicity
Source: www.lendingpattern.com, 2018
Notes: (a) includes loans originated, applications approved but not accepted, and preapproval
requests approved but not accepted; (b) includes application denied by financial insti tution and
preapproval request denied by financial institution; and (c) includes applications withdrawn by
applicant, incomplete applications, and loans purchased by institution.
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While this analysis provides a more in-depth look at lending patterns, it does not
conclusively explain any of the discrepancies observed. Aside from income, many
other factors can contribute to the availability of financing, including credit history,
the availability and amount of a down payment, and knowledge of the home
buying process. HMDA data does not provide insight into these other factors.
Table 26: Loan Type by Race
Source: FFIEC Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
Denials
Total Applications (2018) Total # of Denials Overall Denial Rate
4,710 490 10.40%
Table 27: Denials
Source: 2018 National HMDA-LAR via the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
Loan Type by Race
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale Area
Applicant Race
Conventional FHA-Insured VA-
Guaranteed
Total
Applications
# of
applications
# of
applications
# of
applications
# of
applications
American Indian or Alaska
Native 1,472 368 228 2,068
Asian 16,324 1,238 760 18,322
Black or African American 6,920 3,037 2,490 12,447
Native Hawaiian or other
Pacific Islander 1,001 208 181 1,390
White 101,697 27,624 11,760 141,081
Race not provided 40,165 15,359 7,042 62,566
Totals 167,579 47,834 22,461 237,874
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Top Lenders
Lender Name
Total Approved Denied Withdrawn/
Closed
# Market
Share # % of
Total # % of
Total # % of
Total
Lakeview Loan Servicing, LLC 441 7.0% 1 0.2% - 0.0% 1 0.2%
Mountain West Financial, Inc. 277 4.4% 182 65.7% 25 9.0% 70 25.3%
Eagle Home Mortgage of
California 264 4.2% 190 72.0% 23 8.7% 51 19.3%
United Shore Financial
Services, LLC 264 4.2% 200 75.8% 27 10.2% 37 14.0%
Broker Solutions, Inc. 238 3.8% 157 66.0% 14 5.9% 67 28.2%
Wells Fargo Bank, National
Association 233 3.7% 48 20.6% 10 4.3% 7 3.0%
Paramount Residential
Mortgage Group, Inc. 192 3.0% 162 84.4% 15 7.8% 15 7.8%
Golden Empire Mortgage,
Inc. 161 2.5% 123 76.4% - 0.0% 38 23.6%
PennyMac Loan Services, LLC 154 2.4% 2 1.3% 3 1.9% 2 1.3%
Caliber Home Loans, Inc. 151 2.4% 77 51.0% 8 5.3% 26 17.2%
Other Lenders (247) 3,960 62.5% 2,060 52.0% 365 9.2% 704 17.8%
TOTAL 6,335 100% 3,202 50.5% 490 7.7% 1,018 16.1%
Table 28: Top Lenders
Source: Data from HMDA-LAR, published by individual lenders and or the Federal Financial Institutions
Examination Council
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Chapter 5: Public Policies
Public policies, along with other factors, affect the development of housing. In turn,
they impact the range and location of housing options available to residents. Fair
housing laws, as described in Chapter 1, are intended to encourage an inclusive
living environment and active community participation. An assessment of public
policies and related practices help identify potential impediments to fair housing
opportunity. This chapter provides an overview of public policies, regulations,
standards, and practices including housing element law and compliance, land use,
and the zoning ordinance.
A. Housing Element Law and Compliance
California housing element law requires that local governments adequately plan to
meet the existing and projected housing needs of all economic segments of the
community. For the private market to adequately address housing needs and
demand, local governments must adopt land-use plans and regulatory systems that
provide opportunities for and do not unduly constrain housing development.
California housing element law requires each jurisdiction to:
Identify adequate sites which will be made available throug h appropriate zoning
and development standards and with the services and facilities needed to
facilitate and encourage the development of a variety of types of housing for all
income levels in order to meet the city’s regional housing needs;
Assist in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of extremely
low-, very low-, low-, and moderate-income households;
Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental
constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing;
Conserve and improve the condition of the existing affordable housing stock ;
Promote housing opportunities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex,
marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability.
The City’s current Housing Element was adopted on February 10, 2014 and was
certified as compliant with State Law by the California Department of Housing and
Community Development (HCD) on March 28, 2014.
B. Land Use Element
The Land Use Element of the City’s General Plan designates the general distribution,
location, and extent of residential, commercial, industrial, public/quasi-public, and
open space uses. Regarding housing, the Land Use Element establishes a range of
nine residential land-use designations, specifies densities, and suggests the types of
housing appropriate in a community. The Land Use Element is implemented through
the Development Code, which establishes zones where residential uses are
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permitted. Development density ranges from one unit per acre in single-family
designations to 54 dwelling units per acre in the CR-2 zone.
Table 29: Land Use and Zoning
Source: City of San Bernardino General Plan, 2014
Residential Land Use Designations and Zoning Districts
General Plan
Land Use
Designation
Zoning
District Primary Residential Type(s) Du/Ac
Residential Estate RE Single-family detached in an estate
setting 1
Residential Low RL Single-family detached in low-density
setting 3.5
Residential
Suburban RS Single-family detached in high quality
suburban setting 4.5
Residential Urban RU Single/multi-family attached and
detached residences 8
Residential
Medium RU Multi-family dwellings, all types 12
Residential
Medium High RMH Multi-family dwellings including
apartments and condominiums 24
Residential High RMH Multi-family dwellings including
apartments and condominiums 31
Commercial
Regional CR-2 Vertical residential, retail, and office
mixed use 47
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C. Development Code
The City’s existing Development Code regulates the type, location, density, and
scale of residential development and exists to protect and promote the health,
safety, and general welfare of residents. In addition, the Development Code serves
to preserve the character and integrity of existing neighborhoods.
Zoning & Provisions for Diversity Housing Types
Residential uses are allowed in residential and some commercial districts. The City’s
zoning permits a range of housing types, which is essential to providing a full range of
housing choice. Table 30 lists all the unit types per property, exhibiting the di versity of
housing available in the City of San Bernardino. Table 31 lists housing types allowable
with approval of a Development Permit or Conditional Use Permit, permitted by -right,
or prohibited.
Table 30: Units Per Property
Source: 2013-2017 ACS 5-Year Estimate
Housing Types by Zone
Housing Types RE RL RS RU RM RMH RH RSH CO CG-
2
CR-
2
Single-Family D D D D D D D X X X X
Multi-Family X X X D1 D D D X X C C
Condominium or
Townhouse D D D D D D D X X X X
Manufactured
Housing D D D D D D D X X X X
Mobile Home Park D D D D D D D X X X X
Units Per Property
Total Occupied Owners Renters
Property Type Number % Number % Number %
1-unit detached structure 36,223 62.4% 23,395 86.2% 12,828 41.5
1-unit, attached structure 2,538 4.4% 501 1.8% 2,037 6.6
2 apartments 916 1.6% 41 0.2% 875 2.8
3 or 4 apartments 3,618 6.2% 233 0.9% 3,385 11.0
5 to 9 apartments 3,159 5.4% 52 0.2% 3,107 10.1
10 or more apartments 7,933 13.7% 85 0.3% 7,848 25.4
Mobile home or other
type of housing 3,659 6.3% 2,830 10.4% 829 2.7
Total 58,046 100.0% 27,137 100.0% 30,909 100.0
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or Subdivisions
Second Unit P P P P P P P X X X X
Senior Housing/
Congregate Care X X X D D D D X C C C
Community Care
Facility
(≤ 6 persons)
P P P P P P P X C C C
Emergency Shelters2 X X X X C C C X X X C
Transitional/Supporti
ve Housing3 D D D D D D D X X C C
Single Room
Occupancy X X X X X X X X X C C
Mixed Used X X X X X X X X X C C
1. Multi-Family units that legally existed in the RU zones prior to June 3, 1991 may
remain as a permitted use without a Development Permit.
2. An Emergency Shelter overlay zone permits emergency shelters serving 60 or
fewer persons nightly without discretionary review within designated areas of
the Industrial Light (IL0), Commercial Heavy (CH), or Office Industrial Park (OIP)
zones.
3. Transitional and permanent supportive housing will be permitted based on unit
type like any other residential use.
P = Permitted
D = Development Permit
C = Conditional Use Permit
X = Prohibited
Table 31:Housing Types by Zone
Source: City of San Bernardino Development Code, 2014
Density Bonus
In accordance with State Government Section 65915, Subsection D.2., to promote
the development of affordable housing, the City provides for a housing density
bonus of 25 percent for zones RU, RM, RMH, RH, CO-1 and 2, and CG-2.
Parking
The cost of parking can negatively impact construction of housing, particularly multi -
family affordable housing. When land available is limited, parking structures are
necessary for larger projects. As the number of required parking spaces increases,
the development costs increase as well. The City recognizes these challenges and
offers incentives, such as reduced parking standards within areas served by transit, to
alleviate potential constraints to development.
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Parking Requirements
Residential use Parking Spaces Required
Mobile Homes 2 garage spaces per unit, tandem is permitted. 1 uncovered
guest space per unit
Residential Day Care 2 spaces in addition to those required by primary residence
Senior Apartments 1 covered space for each unit and 1 uncovered guest space
for every 5 units
Senior Congregate Care 0.75 covered space per unit
Single-family Dwelling 2 garage spaces per unit
Second Unit 1 covered space per bedroom, may be in the side yard
setback
Student Housing 1 off-street parking space for each bedroom (65% covered)
plus 3 uncovered off-street guest-parking spaces for 100 rooms
Planned Residential
Redevelopment Single-
family dwellings and
condominiums
2 garage spaces per unit. 1 uncovered guest space per unit, 1
uncovered guest space per 5 units
Multi-Family Residential
Studio 1 space per unit
One Bedroom 1.5 covered spaces per units and 1 uncovered guest space per
5 units
Two Bedrooms 2 covered spaces per unit and 1 uncovered guest space per 5
units
Three or more Bedrooms 2.5 covered spaces per unit and 1 uncovered guest space per
5 units
Senior Citizen Apartments 1 covered space per unit and 1 uncovered guest space per 5
units
Table 32: Parking Requirements
Source: City of San Bernardino Development Code, 2014
Definitions
Local zoning definitions that should be consistent with Fair Housing Act include family,
group home, assisted care facility, boarding homes, single-room occupancy,
homeless shelters, second dwelling occupancy unit, and reasonable occupancy.
California court cases have ruled that a definition of “family” that: 1) limits the
number of persons in a family; 2) specifies how members of the family are related
(i.e. by blood, marriage or adoption, etc.), or 3) a group of not more than a certain
number of unrelated persons as a single housekeeping unit, is invalid. Court rulings
stated that defining a family does not serve any legitimate or useful objective or
purpose recognized under the zoning and land planning powers of the jurisdiction,
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and therefore violates rights of privacy under the California Constitution. A Zoning
Ordinance also cannot regulate residency by discrimination between biologically
related and unrelated persons. Furthermore, a zoning provision cannot regulate or
enforce the number of persons constituting a family. The City’s definition does not
serve to impede housing choice.
The City’s current “Family” definition is not overly restrictive. This definition was
amended or “cured” of any discriminatory language in 2011. The current definition is
as follows: “Family” means one or more persons living together in a dwelling unit,
with common access to, and common use of all living, kitchen and eating areas
within the dwelling unit.
Currently the current zoning ordinance does not provide for group homes except
when it refers to senior living homes or congregate care housing. The current zoning
ordinance does not include group homes, boarding homes or single room
occupancy uses. Affordable housing comes in many forms, the City should revise its
zoning to include such uses in accordance with the Fair Housing Act as amended.
Shelters are permitted within the Emergency Shelter Overlay District which is located
across industrial districts. These districts do not provide any services needed for
homeless populations including mental and physical health care facilities, transitional
housing, childcare, public housing, substance abuse clinics, schools, and grocery
and pharmacy stores.
Hoarding and other Intellectual Disabilities.
The City does regulate reasonable accommodations through, Chapter 19.63
Reasonable Accommodations which establishes a procedure for an individual with a
disability seeking equal access to housing to request reasona ble accommodation as
provided by the Federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 and the California
Fair Employment and Housing act.
Fair Housing laws may protect people with disabilities who unintendedly violate
nuisance laws, such as those pertaining to garbage and rubbish. For example,
mental health professionals have identified Compulsive Hoarding Syndrome as a
disorder that involves the accumulation of belongings to such an extent that the
resulting clutter renders parts of the living space unusable. Symptoms include:
The acquisition and failure to discard a large number of items/possession that
are considered by most to be of little or no value
These possessions clutter the living space, rendering the space unable to be
used in the way it was intended
The hoarding behavior causes marked distress or interferes with one’s daily
functioning
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An individual who engages in hoarding might run afoul of the measures regarding
garbage and rubbish disposal and will be subject to Chapter 15.24 Property
Maintenance Requirements. Conditions constituting property nuisances someone
with Compulsive Hoarding Syndrome may need a reasonable accommodation (i.e.
additional time to comply with the order to abate the nuisance or information
regarding community resources to assist with the cleanup) to meet City standards.
Additionally, persons with physical disabilities who cannot sustain long periods of
strenuous activity might need additional time to comply. While the right to a
reasonable accommodation is available to persons with disabilities under existing fair
housing laws, it would be helpful to explicitly state within this code section that
persons with disabilities may request an accommodation as needed which will be
evaluated by the appropriate agency. Such accommodation should include relief
from any penalties assessed pursuant to a finding of a nuisance or other violation.
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Chapter 6: Fair Housing Profile
This section provides information on the institutional structure of the homeownership
and rental markets in the City of San Bernardino. It also includes local, state, and
federal data on fair housing complaints.
A. Fair Housing Practices in the Homeownership Market
This section analyzes potential impediments to fair housing in homeownership.
Advertising
Advertising is usually the first consideration for potential buyers. Often times,
advertisements for homes for sale include discriminatory language. This includes
advertising amenities not included in the home itself such as proximity to schools,
type of residents nearby, and location of churches and other institutions. L anguage
like this may indicate a preference for certain types of people, such as families or
people of a certain religion, and can be discriminatory.
Potentially Discriminatory Language in Listings of For-Sale Homes
Discrimination Type Number of
Listings Potentially Discriminatory Language
No Discriminatory
Language 25
There was no discriminatory language Income Related 0
Household Size/
Family Related 0
Disability Related 0
Table 33: Discriminatory Language in For-Sale Homes Listings
Source: www.trulia.com, www.zillow.com, www.realtor.com, www.craigslist.com, accessed February
10, 2020
Lending
Lending institutions determine if a potential buyer will qualify for a loan. As part of the
lending process, applicants are asked to provide information such as gender, race,
and income, which is then used for reporting required by the Home Mortgage
Disclosure Act and the Community Reinvestment Act. However, this information may
be used to discriminate during the application process.
Credit Scores
Credit histories are significant factors in lending institutions approvin g home loans.
Applicants with higher scores are more likely to be given conventional loans while
applicants with lower scores are more likely to receive FHA or government-backed
loans and pay higher interest rates.
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Real Estate Agents
Real estate agents may unintentionally discriminate by directing potential buyers to
certain neighborhoods, known as steering, or by being selective in who they
represent.
In California, a broker or salesperson must be licensed by the California Bureau of
Real Estate (CalBRE) in order to conduct business in the field of real estate. The
CalBRE also enforces violations of California real estate law. In San Bernardino,
housing discrimination or other fair housing violations related to the sale of real
property are reported to the CalBRE for investigation.
The real estate industry in California is highly professionalized. Almost all real estate
brokers and salespersons are affiliated with a real estate trade association. The two
largest are the California Association of Realtors (CAR), associated with the National
Association of Realtors (NAR), and the California Association of Real Estate Brokers
(CAREB), associated with the National Association of Real Estate Brokers (NAREB). The
use of the term “Realtor” is restricted by NAR as a registered trademark. Members of
NAREB are licensed to use the professional designation “Realtor.”
NAR has a professional code of conduct that specifically prohibits unequal
treatment in professional services or employment practices on the basis of “race,
color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin” (Article 10, NAR Code
of Ethics). Both prohibit members from promulgating deed restrictions or covenants
based on race.
Article 10 of the NAR Code of Ethics provides that “Realtors shall not deny equal
professional services to any person for reasons of race, color, religion, sex, handicap,
familial status, or national origin. Realtors shall not be a party to any plan or
agreement to discriminate against any person or persons on the basis of race, color,
religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin.”
A Realtor pledges to conduct business in keeping with the spirit and letter of the
Code of Ethics. Article 10 imposes obligations upon Realtors and is also a firm
statement of support for equal opportunity in housing. A Realtor who suspects
discrimination is instructed to call the local Board of Realtors. Local Boards of Realtors
will accept complaints alleging violations of the Code of Ethics filed by a home
seeker who alleges discriminatory treatment in the availability, purchase, or rental of
housing. Local Boards of Realtors have a responsibility to enforce the Code of Ethics
through professional standards, procedures, and corrective action in cases where a
violation of the Code of Ethics is proven to have occurred.
The California Association of Realtors (CAR) has many local associations throughout
the state. San Bernardino is served by the Inland Valley Association of Realtors. It is
the mission of the Inland Valley Association of Realtors to provide members with
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education and resources that will enable them to conduct business successfully, to
promote and enforce professional and ethical standards, and to strengthen the
Realtor image by improving the quality of life in the communities they serve,
promoting equal housing opportunity, and protecting and preserving private
property rights.
CAR offers continuous online courses dealing with fair housing requirements and
issues. Part of the license renewal requirements for all sales agents and brokers is
continuous education on fair housing laws and regulations. According to the course
description, the course will provide an overview of the federal fair housing laws and
an in-depth discussion of the individual laws and their application to the practice of
real estate. The course also provides CAR members with a study of the State of
California fair housing laws and regulations. The course emphasizes anti-
discriminatory conduct that all licensees should practice and concludes by
discussing the voluntary affirmative action marketing program and why promoting
fair housing laws is a positive force at work in California and throughout the nation.
NAREB follows a strict code of ethics stating that “any Realtor shall not discriminate
against any person because of Race, Color, Religion, Sex, National Origin, Disability,
Familial Status or Sexual Orientation” (Part I, Section 2, NAREB Code of Ethics):
In the sale or rental of real property;
In advertising the sale or rental of real property;
In the financing of real property;
In the provision of professional services.
Part I, Section 2 of the NAREB Code of Ethics continues, stating that any “Realtor shall
not be instrumental in establishing, reinforcing or extending any agreement or
provision that restricts or limits the use or occupancy of real property to any person or
group of persons on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability,
familial status, or sexual orientation.”
NAREB’s California Chapter offers statewide conferences to educate its members.
The most recent conference was held in October 2019: Democracy in Housing.
NAREB’s local chapter called Inland Empire Association of Realtors serves the San
Bernardino area.
B. Fair Housing Practices in the Rental Housing Market
This section analyzes potential impediments to fair housing in renting.
Advertising
Advertising is also the first consideration for a potential renter. Discriminatory
language includes listings expressing a preference for families, students, or single
individuals and references to the allowance of pets. Language like this may indicate
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a preference for certain types of people while also excluding people who may need
a guide dog or emotional -support animal.
Potential renters may also face discrimination when responding to ads or viewing a
unit based on their perceived race and social class.
Potentially Discriminatory Language in Rental Listings
Discrimination
Type
Number of
Listings Potentially Discriminatory Language
No
Discriminatory
Language
18
Income
Related 3
“Must make 3x the monthly rent, pass criminal
background check, no bankruptcies or lease breaks”
“For the quickest response, have a 650 FICO or higher”
“Need to make 2 and a half times the rent, proof of
income, no evictions, no felonies”
Disability
Related 4
“No pets allowed”
“Sorry, no pets”
“No pets” (x2)
Household Size/
Family Related 0
Table 34: Discriminatory Language in Rental Listings
Source: www.trulia.com, www.zillow.com, www.realtor.com, www.craigslist.com, accessed February
10, 2020
California Apartment Association
The California Apartment Association (CAA) is the country’s largest statewide trade
association for rental property owners and managers. CAA was incorporated in 1941
to serve rental property owners and managers throughout California. CAA represents
rental housing owners and professionals who together manage more than 1.5 million
rental units. CAA has a local association called CAA-Greater Inland Empire that
services the counties of Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino.
CAA supports the spirit and intent of all local, state, and federal fair housing laws for
all residents without regard to color, race, religion, sex, marital status, mental or
physical disability, age, familial status, sexual orientation, or national origin. Members
of the California Apartment Association agree to abide by the following provisions of
their Code for Equal Housing Opportunity:
We agree that in the rental, lease, sale, purchase, or exchange of real
property, owners and their employees have the responsibility to offer housing
accommodations to all persons on an equal basis;
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We agree to set and implement fair and reasonable rental housing rules and
guidelines and will provide equal and consistent services throughout our
resident’s tenancy;
We agree that we have no right or responsibility to volunteer information
regarding the racial, creed, or ethnic composition of any neighborhood, and
we do not engage in any behavior or action that would result in steering; and
We agree not to print, display, or circulate any statement or advertisement
that indicates any preference, limitations, or discrimination in the rental or sale
of housing.
CAA provides members with tenant screening services, application forms, and other
types of landlord-tenant forms, which if used by CAA members provide legal
procedures for processing rental applications and resolving tenant issues. Further,
should landlords stay within these guidelines, they will likely avoid committing housing
violations. CAA offers a landlord helpline where landlords can call and speak to an
attorney about their responsibilities. Lastly, all members receive a fair housing flyer to
post at their properties stating that it is illegal to discriminate based on the protected
classes.
When CAA receives complaints about potential fair housing violations, the
association provides tenants with information on their rights and then refers them to
the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing to file a claim.
CAA offers a certificate in residential management, which requires a course on fair
housing law. In addition, the CAA website provides links to the Fair Housing Institute
and Fair Housing Network. Members receive CAA Issue Insight, an online publication
that provides in-depth discussion of fair housing or landlord-tenant issues. CAA offers
training opportunities across the state and in the Inland Empire. CAA has a landlord
helpline open Monday through Friday where landlords can ask questions about
landlord-tenant issues and property management. Questions can be submitted
online or over the phone. CAA also provides free forms online to its members, such as
rental applications and lease agreements. CAA provides fair housing information to
renters at outreach events.
C. Fair Housing Services and Statistics
Patterns of complaints and enforcement are useful when assessing the nature and
level of potentially unfair or discriminatory housing practices in the private sector.
Several public and private agencies may receive complaints about unfair housi ng
practices or housing discrimination.
At the federal level, the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) of the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development receives complaints of housing
discrimination. FHEO will attempt to resolve matters informally. FHEO may act on
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those complaints if they represent a violation of federal law and FHEO finds that
there is “reasonable cause” to pursue administrative action in federal court.
At the state level, the Department of Fair Employment and Housi ng (DFEH) has a
similar role to FHEO. DFEH also receives, investigates, attempts to settle, and can take
administrative action to prosecute violations of the law. FHEO and DFEH have some
overlap in jurisdiction and depending on the nature of the case, may refer cases to
one another. DFEH is a HUD Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) grantee,
meaning that it receives funding from HUD to enforce federal fair housing law in the
state.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing, and
Equal Opportunity (HUD)
From 2015 to 2016, 114 fair housing discrimination cases in the County of San
Bernardino were forwarded to the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. The
table below presents the bases for the cases forwarded. Disability was included as a
basis for complaint in 51.8 percent of cases. Race followed at 22 percent.
HUD Basis for Complaint
# Percent
Race 25 22%
Black or African American 21 18.4%
Native American 2 1.8%
White 1 0.9%
Color 1 0.9%
National Origin 12 10.5%
Hispanic Origin 11 9.6%
Disability 59 51.8%
Religion 3 2.6%
Sex 10 8.8%
Retaliation 15 13.2%
Familial Status 17 14.9%
Table 35: HUD Fair Housing Complaints
Source: 2019 HUD
Note: Complaints may be made on multiple bases. Therefore, the percentages do not total 100
percent.
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California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH)
From 2015 to 2019, 16 fair housing discrimination cases in the City of San Bernardino
were forwarded to the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing. The
table below presents the bases for the cases forwarded.
DFEH Basis for Complaint
# Percent
Race 3 18.8%
National Origin 3 18.8%
Disability 4 25.0%
Religion 1 6.3%
Familial Status 1 6.3%
Marital Status 1 6.3%
Source of Income 1 6.3%
Sexual Orientation 2 12.5%
Table 36: DFEH Basis for Complaint
Source: 2019 California Department of Fair Employment and Housing
Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board
The Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board (IFHMB) is a nonprofit, public benefit
corporation that has served San Bernardino County and parts of Riverside and
Imperial Counties in Southern California since 1980. IFHMB’s services are provided to
the community free of charge and are funded through the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development’s Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
program provided by the City of San Bernardino and the County of San Bernardino.
The purpose of IFHMB is to ensure that all members of the community have equal
access to safe, affordable housing and to eliminate discrimination in housing. IFHMB
headquarters is in Ontario and has satellite offices in San Bernardino, Victorville, Indio,
and El Centro.
IFHMB provides numerous services including:
Information, investigation, education, and conciliation and/or referrals of
housing discrimination complaints
Fair housing workshops to educate housing providers, tenants, homeowners,
and financial and lending institutions
Information to tenants, landlords, mobile home park owners, and mobile home
residents on their rights and responsibilities
Mediation as an alternative to resolve housing issues for tenants, property
management, and owners.
From 2018 to 2019 the number of clients served in San Bernardino are broken into two
cl assifications:
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Fair Housing clients – 143 households and 394 persons assisted
Landlord/Tenant clients – 758 Households and 2,363 persons assisted
A large majority of the clients were Latino (1,119 persons and 304 households) and
African American (757 persons and 273 households). Most discrimination complaints
were because of disability followed by race. Eviction , housing repair needs, and
tenant rights were the most common housing issues. In 2018-2019 IFHMB prepared fair
housing literature (7,448 brochures distributed), conducted several fair housing
workshops (330 persons attended14 regional workshops), and paid for cable
television promotion (23 cable releases).
Persons Served 2018-2019
Discrimination Cases
Extremely
Low
Income
Very Low
Income
Low
Income
Moderate
Income TOTAL
Fair Housing 262 70 57 5 394
Landlord/Tennant 1380 506 388 89 2,363
Persons with Disabilities
Discrimination Cases Female-Headed
households Seniors Persons with
disabilities
Persons w/disabilities
(households & Persons) 341 305 535
Table 37: IFHMB Persons Served 2018-2019
Source: Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board, 2018-2019 San Bernardino annual report
Hate Crimes
Hate crimes are committed based on a bias against gender, mental disability,
physical disability, race, religion, or sexual orientation. The table below shows that
there were 35 hate crimes reported within the City in the past five years. Twenty-four
(68.6 percent) hate crimes were motivated by race or ethnicity and 1 1 (31.4
percent) were motivated by sexual orientation. Reported hate crimes represent less
than 1% of all crimes over this 5-year period.
Hate Crimes Reported
Gender Mental
Disability
Physical
Disability Racial Religion Sexual
Orientation
2015 0 0 0 3 0 1
2016 0 0 0 7 0 1
2017 0 0 0 6 0 5
2018 0 0 0 4 0 0
2019 0 0 0 4 0 4
Total 0 0 0 24 0 11
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Since 2015, overall crime has
decreased by 8.6 percent.
Table 38: Hate Crimes Reported
Source: San Bernardino Police Department, 2015-2019
Overall, crime has decreased in the City since
2015, with some small yearly increases in-
between. Since 2015, overall crime has
decreased by 8.6 percent. There were 13,087
crimes reported by the San Bernardino Police Department in 2015 and just 11,955
reported in 2019. The decrease in overall crime is mostly due to a decrease in
property crime (-12.6 percent), however, violent crime has increased by 6.6 percent
since 2015.
Crime
Year Violent Crime Property Crime Total Crime
Percent
Change from
Previous Year
2019 2,874 9,081 11,955 0.20%
2018 2,906 9,014 11,931 6.34%
2017 2,806 8,403 11,209 (7.03%)
2016 2,878 9,178 12,056 (7.88%)
2015 2,697 10,390 13,087 N/A
Table 39: Crime in the City of San Bernardino
Source: San Bernardino Police Department, 2015-2019
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Chapter 7: Fair Housing Progress
G. Impediment: Housing Discrimination
The previous AI identified that discriminatory practices by landlords continue within
the City and that discrimination against persons with disabilities increased.
Action Item 1.1: The City should continue its outreach efforts through its fair housing
service provider to educate landlords and tenants regarding fair housing rights and
responsibilities. Random audits should be conducted periodically to identify problem
properties and implement reconciliation efforts.
Efforts: The City continues to fund the IFHMB to provide landlord/tenant and
mobile home mediation/housing counseling, alternative dispute resolution,
and senior services to City residents. IFHMB also refers housing discrimination
complaints to the City. During FY 2018-2019, 2,757 City residents were served.
Additionally, IFHMB provides local housing provider groups, rental property
owners, community agencies, and the public with education and outreach on
housing rights and responsibilities. Under the FY 2020-21 contract with IFHMB
the City will contract for:
Landlord workshops, specifically around the new rent cap law, but also
to highlight fair housing practices.
H. Impediment: Public Policies and Programs Affecting Housing Development
The previous AI identified that a lack of affordable housing disproportionately
affected minority households; there was a need for diversity training for City staff who
interacted with the public; housing discrimination was more prevalent for renter
households; elderly households may be less able to make critical improvements to
their housing; large households found it difficult to find adequately sized , affordable
housing; persons with disabilities faced a greater amount of housing discrimination;
the City does not define supportive housing development; and that San Bernardino
Development code did not comply with State density bonus law.
Action Item 2.1: The City should continue to encourage the development of
affordable housing through: (1) streamlined permit processing; (2) flexibility in
applying design and development standards; (3) density bonuses; (4) other general
plan, administrative and zoning efforts; and (5) public-private partnerships with
developers of affordable housing. The City should continue to offe r housing
rehabilitation assistance to HOME and CDBG eligible households and ensure
affirmative marketing efforts are extended to minority households to encourage
participation in City programs.
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Efforts: In FY 2018-2019, the City sold three newly built homes for households at
80 percent AMI.
The City is developing a general lot consolidation incentive that offers a 15
percent density bonus for projects with a residential component, maintenance
plan, and on-site management
The City also developed a streamlined process for certain projects subject to a
Conditional Use Permit through what is called a Minor Use Permit, which
requires less staff time and has lower fees.
In FY 2018-2019, the City improved its Notice of Funding Availability application
and held public meetings to explain the application process.
Action Item 2.2: The City should require that staff members in each department,
specifically those who interact with the public, attend cultural diversity training
periodically but at a minimum at time of employment.
Efforts: The City offers two cultural diversity training sessions per year that are
open to all City staff. Cultural diversity training is not currently required for any
staff and the City does not track which staff members attend the training
sessions.
Action Item 2.3: Homeownership is particularly important as a vehicle for providing
decent housing for working families. In cooperation with lending institutions, local
associations of realtors, and fair housing providers, the City should provide outreach
to inform lower-income households of special local, state, and federal homebuyer
assistance programs.
Efforts: The City partners with IFHMB and Neighborhood Partnerships Housing
Services Inc. to provide first-time homebuyer workshops as well as
default/foreclosure prevention counseling, reverse mortgage counseling, and
financial education workshops.
Action Item 2.4: The City should continue its efforts to expand the variety of available
housing types and sizes. In addition to persons with disabilities, senior households can
also benefit from a wider range of housing options. To allow seniors to age in place,
small one-story homes, townhomes, or condominiums may be needed.
Efforts: In FY 2018-2019, the City partnered with the County of San Bernardino
and National Community Renaissance to redevelop the Waterman Gardens
public housing project and construct a $79 million mixed-income affordable
housing community of 184 units. The project received $20 million in Affordable
Housing and Sustainable Communities (AHSC) funds and the City of San
Bernardino contributed $2.5 million in HOME, CDBG and NSP1 to the project.
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In FY 2015-2016, the City partnered with National Community Renaissance to
fund the construction Valencia Vista, a 76 unit affordable housing
development that is part of the redevelopment of the Waterman Gardens
public housing project. The City contribu ted $1.5 million in HOME funds to the
development. Households served ranged in income from 30%, 50% and 80%.
In FY 2016-17 The City again partnered with National Community Renaissance
to fund the construction of Olive Meadow, a 62 -unit affordable housing
development, which is also part of the redevelopment of the Waterman
Gardens public housing project. The City contributed $734,000 in HOME funds.
Households served range in income from 30%, 50% and 80%.
Action Item 2.5: The City should continue its efforts to expand the variety of available
housing types and sizes. Rental housing units of adequate size for large households
should be encouraged as a large portion of the City’s large renter-households
experience housing problems.
Efforts: In FY 2018-2019, the City partnered with the County of San Bernardino
and National Community Renaissance redevelop the Waterman Gardens
public housing project and construct a $79 million mixed -income affordable
housing community of 184 units. The project received $20 million in Affordable
Housing and Sustainable Communities (AHSC) funds and the City of San
Bernardino contributed $2.5 million in HOME, CDBG and NSP1 to the project.
In FY 2016-2017, the City again partnered with National Community
Renaissance to fund the construction of Olive Meadow, a 62 -unit affordable
housing development, which is also part of the redevelopment of the
Waterman Gardens public housing project. The City contributed $734,000 in
HOME funds. Households served range in income from 30%, 50% and 80%.
Action Item 2.6: The City should consider incentivizing or requiring universal design
features in new construction or substantial rehabilitation of housing, especially
projects that receive financial assistance from the City.
Efforts: The City did not pursue this action item.
Action Item 2.7: The City plans to amend its Development Code to define and permit
transitional and supportive housing based on the unit type rather than the potential
occupants.
Efforts: The City is currently working on amending the Development Code to
define transitional and permanent supportive housing in order to facilitate
review and approval process of this housing type.
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Action Item 2.8: According to the City’s 2013-2021 Housing Element, the City commits
to amending their density bonus provisions to comply with State law.
Efforts: The City is currently working on amending the Development Code to
comply with the amended State density bonus law.
I. Impediment: Lending Practices
The previous AI identified that the racial and ethnic composition of conventional
home loans did not reflect the racial and ethnic composition of the City. It was also
identified that white and Asian home loan applicants had the highest rate of
approvals while black applicants had the lowest.
Action Item 3.1: The City should expand outreach efforts to minority households,
especially black households, to raise awareness of and education about
homeownership opportunities.
Efforts: The City partners with IFHMB and Neighborhood Partnerships Housing
Services, Inc. to provide first-time homebuyer workshops as well as
default/foreclosure prevention counseling, reverse mortgage counseling, and
financial education workshops.
As a requirement of HOME, rental projects consisting of five or more units must
include and adhere to affirmative marketing procedures and requirements.
The requirements include:
The City will continue to contract with IFHMB to inform the public, owner
and tenants of fair housing laws;
In its monitoring/inspections of HOME assisted units, City staff reviews all
marketing plans and a sample of tenant files to ensure that fair
marketing practices are being followed. Owners and leasing agents will
place advertisements to market HOME-assisted units through local
sources, public agencies and social service organizations;
Description of outreach efforts to people not likely to apply for housing
without special outreach is included in all City and County assisted
housing developments;
Maintenance of records to document actions taken to affirmatively
market HOME-assisted units and to assess marketing effectiveness; and
Description of actions that will be taken if requirements are not met.
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J. Impediment: Demographics
The previous AI identified that the City had moderate levels of segregation between
racial groups. It also found that a higher percent of renters (58 percent) were
affected by cost burden when compared to all households (50 percent).
Action Item 4.1: The City should continue to offer a range of housing options to allow
the greatest residential mobility among its residents. The City should ensure
developers and housing providers using local, state, and federal funds adhere to the
Affirmative Fair Marketing Plan as required.
Efforts: As a requirement of HOME, rental projects consisting of five or more
units must include and adhere to affirmative marketing procedures and
requirements. The requirements include:
List of methods to inform the public, owners and potential tenants about
fair housing laws and the City’s marketing policy;
Description of the efforts that will be made to conduct affirmative
market housing units assisted with HOME funds.
Owners and leasing agents will place advertisements to market HOME-
assisted units through local sources, public agencies and social service
organizations;
Description of outreach efforts to people not likely to apply for housing
without special outreach. These efforts will include the distribution of
marketing materials to organizations that likely have contact with these
populations;
Maintenance of records to document actions taken to affirmatively
market HOME-assisted units and to assess marketing effectiveness; and
Description of actions that will be taken if requirements are not met.”
Action Item 4.2: The City should continue to promote economic development and
expand its housing stock to accommodate a range of housing options and income
levels.
Efforts: The City has implemented an Infill Housing Program that constructs units
on City-owned parcels to sell to low-income buyers. In FY 2018-2019, the City
sold three newly built homes for households at 50 percent to 80 percent AMI.
The City partners with Inland Empire Small Business Development Center, which
holds eight-week intensive courses for new businesses and also for existing
businesses I the City of San Bernardino.
The City, as a requirement of federal funding, participates in outreach events
for disadvantaged business enterprises (DBEs) and posts bid documents on the
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City’s website. The City also encourages DBEs to bid on CDBG, HOME, and ESG
construction contracts.
The City partnered with the County of San Bernardino and National
Community Renaissance to leverage $79 million for the construction of 184
mixed income units as part of the larger redevelopment of the Waterman
Gardens public housing project.
The City in partnership with National Community Renaissance has developed
and approved the Waterman Gardens specific plan for the neighborhood
around the Waterman Gardens public housing project.
K. Impediment: Housing Market Conditions
The previous AI identified that most of the City’s housing stock (67 percent) was more
than 30 years old and may need rehabilitation, especially housing owned by seniors.
Action Item 5.1: San Bernardino should continue operating their housing
rehabilitation programs and increase efforts to promote the housing rehabilitation
programs.
Efforts: In FY 2018-2019, the City assisted in the acquisition and rehabilitation of
a 38-unit apartment complex (Golden Apartments) for use as permanent
supportive housing for homeless households. Golden Apartments opened for
occupancy in December 2019. In the same year, the City rehabilitated seven
homes through the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Loan Program (OORP).
The City also maintains lead-poisoning and abatement procedures in all
rehabilitation activities, where appropriate. Additionally, it provides education
to owner occupants participating in City-funded rehabilitation programs and
sends housing and subrecipient staff to Lead Safe.
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Chapter 8: Fair Housing Action Plan
A. Data Collection and Engagement Conclusions
Through input collected from community members and stakeholders, combined with
quantitative data and analysis included in the previous chapters, the following key
issues have been identified for the City of San Bernardino.
Housing Discrimination
Lending Practices
Age and size of housing stock
Resources for mobility (job preparedness and access to jobs)
Increasing numbers of homeless seniors
B. Setting Fair Housing Priorities and Goals
Following the period of public engagement conducted for the Fair Housing
Assessment, program partners held meetings to analyze and interpret community
comments alongside of HUD and local data in order to create regional fair housing
goals. Goals have been set specific to the issues that must be addressed. Area
program partners and stakeholders worked with the City to help determine fair
housing goals and priorities.
HUD provides a list of potential contributing factors in each section, accompanied
by descriptions of those potential factors. The City used the HUD-provided list of
potential fair housing contributing factors, along with the explanation of each factor,
to determine whether any factor listed creates, contributes to, perpetuates, or
increases the severity of one or more fair housing issues.
Other factors were included if they create, contribute to, perpetuate, or increase the
severity of one or more fair housing issues. In addition to the analysis using HUD-
provided data, local data, and local knowledge in each section of the AI, the
community participation process may be of assistance to program participants in
helping to identify and prioritize the contributing factors that should be the focus of
the AI. As part of the engagement process, input from housing and social service
participants was emphasized.
C. Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues
City staff, stakeholders, and the community at-large identified and prioritized fair
housing issues and contributing factors to fair housing. The following contributing
factors to fair housing issues have been identifies as “medium” or “high” based on
community engagement and data compiled from either HUD or other local sources.
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Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues
Fair Housing Issues Contributing Factors Priorities
Low Medium High
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Affordable Housing
Low volume of affordable
housing
Poor housing conditions and
blight
Poor outside perception.
Developers do not want to build
in the City.
Lack of funding for new housing,
housing rehab and or
maintenance
More housing assistance funding
is needed
Tenant background checks stop
families from receiving housing
Lack of advocacy for affordable
housing. Not-My-Backyard
attitudes create a tough land
development process for new
affordable housing plans
Lack of private company
investment
Low number of accessible units
for a growing elderly and/or
disabled population
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Income &
Employment
Cannot find housing in preferably
located neighborhoods. Long
commute time (average: 26
minutes) (one of the 10 worst
commutes in the U.S.)
Lack of convenient transit routes
and stops
Lack of jobs
Lack of skilled workers and
training opportunities
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Education
Lack of educated workforce
Daycare before or after school
Access to the internet
Work schedule does not permit
Lack of time or finances for higher
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education
Families do not prioritize higher
education
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Racially
Concentrated Areas
Available housing in racially
concentrated areas is scarce
Lack of homeowners in racially
concentrated areas
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Homeless and
homelessness
services and
prevention
Homeless services are at capacity
Lack of/or acceptance of
“Housing First” programs
Natural disasters are financially
devastating to low income
families
Homeless shelter space is at
capacity
Disparities in Access
to Opportunity:
Economic
development
Struggling downtown
Lack of mixed-use development
in the downtown
Lack of economic development
incentives and business
recruitment/retention
High crime rates
Local politics is affecting
economic development
Other Impediments:
Income
Citywide there is a problem with
poverty (particularly African
American ethnicity)
High unemployment and poverty
rates
Low- and moderate-income
populations cannot afford to
purchase a home
Lack of programs that link people
with available jobs
Table 40: Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues
Source: Community Survey results; Stakeholder interviews; 2020 Housing Summit
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D. Priority Goals and Actions
The highest priority Contributing Factors to Fair Housing listed on Table 39 are based
on community engagement activities and data analysis. They are:
Affordable Housing
o Low volume of affordable housing
o Poor housing conditions and blight
o Tenant background checks stop families from receiving housing
o Lack of advocacy for affordable housing. Not-My-Backyard attitudes
create a tough land development process for new affordable
housing plans
o Low number of accessible units for a growing elderly and/or disabled
population
Income & Employment
o Lack of convenient transit routes and stops to get to work
o Lack of jobs
o Lack of skilled workers and training opportunities
o High unemployment and poverty rates is impacting earning capacity
o Low- and moderate-income populations cannot afford to purchase
a home
Education
o Access to the internet is needed for secondary and higher education
o Work schedule does not permit families to seek higher education
Racially Concentrated Areas
o Lack of homeowners in racially concentrated areas
Homelessness Services and Prevention
o Low number of accessible units for a growing LMI elderly
and/disabled population
o Homeless shelter space is at capacity
Economic Development
o Struggling downtown
o Lack of mixed-use development in the downtown
o Local politics is affecting economic development
The following goals and action steps were developed as a result of specific data
capture, partner agency consultation, existing programs and policies, community
engagement, outreach activities, and issue prioritization. Through the AI process, the
following six goals have been developed with associated action steps as shown in
Table 40:
Goal 1: Provide housing solutions and incentives for special needs populations.
Goal 2: Increase affordable housing opportunities.
Goal 3: Increase homeownership opportunities for all ethnicities and income
groups.
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Goal 4: Create public awareness of fair housing laws and affordable housing
advocacy.
Goal 5: Increase earning capacity of low- and moderate-income residents.
The following table describes and lays out the top issues, priority goals , and action
steps that will further fair housing. Several high priority action steps have been
highlighted to provide clearer direction for Council, City staff, and partnering
agencies.
Goals & Action Steps
Top Issue Goals Action Steps
Goal 1
Provide
housing
solutions and
incentives for
special needs
populations.
1. Work with agencies that assist with the
housing needs particularly the elderly,
those with disabilities, and homeless.
(Single parent households’ makeup
almost 19 percent of the total
households. Thirteen percent of the
population are reported to have
disabilities. Twenty three percent of the
total homes contain at least one or more
elderly person)
2. Work with housing developers to create
affordable housing options for special
needs populations.
Goal 2
Increase
affordable
housing
opportunities.
1. Support integrated housing approaches
near designated employment areas/
centers and transit.
2. Promote building new units containing 2
or 3 bedrooms for larger families.
3. Encourage innovative low-cost housing
materials such as modular construction.
4. Identify funding for transitional and
permanent supportive housing
development. Priority should be given to
homeless and special needs households
or persons.
5. Understand the specific redevelopment
obstacles related to construction on the
local level that can be changed.
6. Explore more ways to work with
developers to promote housing
construction training opportunities
homeless.
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Goal 3
Increase
homeownershi
p opportunities
for all
ethnicities.
1. Work with local banks (particularly Wells
Fargo) in expanding down payment
assistance programs for first-time home
buyers. Partner with lenders to
encourage lending to low-income first-
time homebuyers.
2. Incorporate: home ownership education,
budgeting, and home maintenance
education and skills into housing
programs.
3. Retain existing homeowners by
promoting and enhanced funding to the
City’s existing Owner-Occupied Housing
Rehabilitation Program. As well as tap
into other future housing reinvestment
programs and resources that may exist in
the region.
Goal 4
Create public
awareness of
fair housing
laws and
affordable
housing
advocacy.
1. Coordinate with the IFHMB to enhance
local outreach about the positive
impacts of affordable housing.
2. Work with IFHMB, as part of its Fair
Housing contract, to annually review and
report on apartment rental
advertisements released by private
housing companies. 2018-2019 IFHMB
report for the City noted numerous
discrimination cases.
3. Enhance local land use and zoning laws.
a. Identify priority goals and target
areas for new housing and or
housing rehab where employment
and transit opportunities exist.
4. Create regulations conducive to
affordable housing needs. Introduce
appropriate building envelope sizes for
each zoning district and be inclusive with
regards to unit size building height,
reduced parking, transit and pedestrian
connectivity.
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Goal 5
Increase
earning
capacity of
low- and
moderate-
income
residents.
1. Work with major employers to develop
incentives for new housing near their
work.
2. Improve education and provide skills
training for education, healthcare,
manufacturing and construction jobs.
a. Create partnerships with
California’s Employment
Development Department,
Workforce Development Board,
Workforce Development Aging &
Community Services, California
Building Industry Association,
Southern California Building
Association, San Bernardino Valley
College, Riverside Vocational
College, Concorde Career
College, and the Career
Technical Education.
b. Strive to collaborate with
education and vocational
institutions to provide workforce
readiness programs.
3. Work with higher education systems to
create college-readiness programs,
financing solutions and family
preservation programs for first generation
students.
4. Increase opportunities that target
“Second Chance”, persons with
disabilities, at-risk homeless individuals,
and job retraining program. Agencies
such as the Center for Employment
Opportunities, Technical Employment
Training, Inc, Department of Workforce
Development Board, America’s Job
Centers of California, and San Bernardino
County Workforce Investment Board.
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E. Regional Collaboration
Many issues, such as homelessness, affordable housing, jobs-housing balance,
housing discrimination and access to services are issues that require the
collaboration between cities, the County, and nonprofit agencies throughout the
San Bernardino region. I n recent years, the City has undertaken multiple initiatives
that address housing-related issues including: owner-occupied housing rehabilitation
program, first-time homebuyers programs in coordination with Wells Fargo,
Microenterprise Program working with small business owners, and Infill Housing
Program to provide housing for LMI families. The City annually collaborates with
Community Action Partnership of San Bernardino, Family Service Association of
Redlands, Lutheran Social Services, The Salvation Army Hospitality House and Step Up
on Second for street outreach, emergency shelter, rapid-rehousing, case
management and homeless prevention services. In addition, the City works with the
St. Bernadine’s Hospital and Community Hospital, and Dignity Health in San
Bernardino to provide homeless patients with appropriate healthcare and bridge
housing and case management services. The City collaborates annually with the
IFHMB to conduct and react to any complaints surrounding housing discrimination
and fair housing education and promotion.
Continuing these planning efforts and implementation would bridge the gap of
disparities among neighborhoods. Most of the Action Steps noted in Table 40 require
collaboration. The Public Engagement planning process for the AI and 5-Year
Consolidated Plan was based upon positive community -wide and agency support
and participation. The City has created a solid foundation to continue work with its
area partners to create a path that initiates and completes the Plan’s action steps .
The City is collaborating with the Center for Community Investment and Dignity
Health in its Accelerating Investment for Healthy Communities initiative. The AIHC
initiative in partnership with the City and Dignity Health has as its goal to create a
minimum 800 units of affordable housing during the Con Plan planning period. The
City is also collaborating with the SB School District in its Uplift San Bernardino
initiative.
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APPENDIX A: Community Engagement Summary
A Introduction
The public participation process for the AI sought input from community members
and stakeholders. Methods included on-line and paper surveys for community
members, stakeholder interviews, community meetings, pop-up events and focus
group meetings. The AI development engagement process took place in November,
December, and January. The process will conclude with a 30-day public review
period and a public hearing.
B Community Meetings
Community meetings were attended by representatives of Neighborhood
Partnership Housing Services, Inc., Executive Director of Akoma Unity Center, National
CORE, Dignity Health, Accelerating Investment for Healthy Communities (AIHC),
Housing Authority County of San Bernardino, Hope Through Housing, and Executive
Director of Community Engagement for the San Bernardino City Unified School
District.
Six community engagement meetings were held:
January 21, 2020, 11 AM – 1 PM @ Rezek Center, St. Bernardine Medical
Center, 2101 N. Waterman Ave, San Bernardino
January 18, 2020 9:30 AM -11:30 AM @ Akoma Unity Center, 1367 N California
St, San Bernardino
January 22, 2020 4PM – 5PM @ Maplewood Homes, 906 Wilson St, San
Bernardino
January 23 4PM – 5PM @ Olive Meadows, 610 East Olive Street, San Bernardino
January 23, 2020 5PM – 6:30PM @ Valencia Vista, 950 N Valencia Ave, San
Bernardino
January 24, 2020 9AM – 10:30PM @ San Bernardino Valley College, 701 S Mt
Vernon Ave, San Bernardino
REOCCURRING THEMES:
There were eight re-occurring themes including: Affordable housing, target areas for
redevelopment and safety, community services needed, homeless/homeless
prevention services, infrastructure needs, City communications, jobs and
employment and crime safety.
Housing Needs:
Affordable housing
Target Areas for Redevelopment and Safety:
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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9th Street and Baseline St (problems include drunk behavior, human
trafficking, cars are drag racing, traffic calming measures, poor site
distance at intersections, unsafe area for pedestrians and families.
Valencia Vista Area - homes deteriorating.
Olive Street and Valencia Ave - A stop sign or traffic calming is needed.
Southern San Bernardino. Safety concerns for young children.
Auto-shop across from Valencia homes. Shootings and drug-related activity
exist.
Base Line Street and Sierra Way. Safety concerns Sierra Way (Liquor store
area) and Base Line Street. Shootings are prevalent. Facade improvements
are needed on Baseline Street
Community Services Needed:
Youth services for at-risk youth (YMCA).
Create more low cost children’s programming such as sports.
Housing programs for special needs people particularly those with
disabilities and mental health services. AIHC ties in Housing and Health. Put
an emphasis on affordable housing, homelessness, and health because
they are all interconnected.
Veteran’s homeless assistance programs.
Work with valuable service entities including: COPE: Congregation of
Prophetic Engagement,
UPLIFT, catholic groups, the County, Dept. of Public Health, First Five, senior
advocacy groups, and neighborhood associations.
Homeless & Homeless Prevention Services:
Create jobs for homeless. Create job programing that eases them into job
responsibilities.
Create promotion and advocacy for homeless awareness
Collaborate with other communities.
Increase and expand emergency low barrier shelters.
Update and increase public housing.
Infrastructure Needs:
School safety. Hire more cross guards for schools. Increase lighting around
schools and routes to schools.
Increase streetlights and sidewalk safety. Expand the City’s sidewalk
network.
Update facilities and infrastructure to be accessible.
City Communications:
Increase City communications with regards to spending and future
Consolidated Plan projects. Particularly with community groups. I.e.
Communicate via water bills.
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Jobs & Employment:
Increase jobs, the number of businesses, and career opportunities.
Revitalize and rehabilitate the City’s Downtown Rehabilitation.
Create more social and community events.
Encouragement for small business opportunities.
Expand access to transportation– i.e. additional bus routes and stops, and
longer run times. Include service animal accessibility.
Crime & Safety:
Reduce criminal activity.
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C Stakeholder Interview Summary
Throughout the City fourteen stakeholder interviews were held with the following
entities:
Catholic Charities of San Bernardino
and Riverside Counties
Continuum of Care – San
Bernardino County
California State University – San
Bernardino
Inland Fair Housing and
Mediation Board
Hope through Housing Inland Congregations United for
Change
Omni Trans Center for Employment
Opportunities
Dignity Health National Core Renaissance
Salvation Army Mental Health Systems
Neighborhood Partnership Housing
Services, Inc.
San Bernardino Department of
Behavioral Health
The following priority issues and needs were established throughout the interview
process:
Issues Needs
Affordable Housing
Location of housing Need Affordable housing near transit lines
Occupy vacant City lots
Stock More affordable housing
Security Safe affordable housing
Alleviate Poverty Need housing for those in poverty, who include people of
color and single women.
Barriers High cost of land, construction. Lead to higher priced
housing.
Zoning regulations
Not in my backyard mentality
Lack of funding
Crime/bad reputation for City
Housing Choicer
Voucher
Long wait times
Application process Need housing navigation
Accessibility Units are not accessible
Conditions Poorly managed properties
Address absentee landlord issue
Existing units Rehabilitation of existing housing stock
Need more code enforcement
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Vital Services & Homelessness Prevention
Connect homeless
people to services
Provide outreach to those residing in bus shelters
Need Housing First/Low Barrier
Informed care
Shelters Shelters are full
Domestic Violence Need to reduce domestic violence
Homeless housing Being created, need more
Need to involve partners to be creative in finding solutions
(e.g. Amazon, Stater bros, Weingart, Union Pacific
Foundation)
Education People don’t understand homeless issues.
Need to humanize homeless persons
Youth Increase in homeless youth
Need life skills
Institution -> Housing Need assistance from institutions to permanent housing
Communication Government to Government communication is needed
Basic needs Need resource centers for homeless individuals
Police Need for education of Police Department to approach
Homeless in a productive way
Increase Family Income
Self Sufficiency Need more programs to improve self sufficiency
Need to raise family incomes
Families & Individuals in Transition
Drugs/Alcohol
Rehabilitation
Need for sober housing
Special Needs or Target Populations
Housing Need Housing for mentally ill
Discharge from
Hospitals
Those discharged from hospitals need support for follow
ups/find housing (Care coordination)
Medi-Cal does not pay very well for hospice care, which is
a big cost to hospitals
Hotel for discharge patients is ideal
Veterans need housing when homeless
St. Bernardines, through donations, provides discharges
clients new clothes, shoes
Emergency/Natural Disaster Effect Vulnerable Populations
Transit Summer/Winter conditions, heavy rains affect riders
waiting for transit
Heat Hospitals used as cooling centers; people can stay inside if
they “say the right things”
Energy People with disabilities (home dialysis)
Warming shelters shut off
Homelessness Homeless persons are at risk during natural disaster
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Those living by the Wash most susceptible
Winter Winter increases the number of vulnerable homeless
persons
Need low barrier shelters during this time
Fires Not enough shelter for those whose houses burn, will likely
make people homeless
Crime Low/Mod families vulnerable to crime, a lot in SB
One-car households are vulnerable, especially if one
family member is at work while an emergency happens.
Employment and Workforce Development
Homeless Employment training for homeless individuals. A new
temporary employment agency will be opening in the City
with a focus on employment for homeless persons) talk to
Jennifer Kawar with the NPFF.
Low wages make it difficult for people to move up
No vocational funding for those with criminal backgrounds
Fair Housing
Education Need education on fair housing rights for tenants and
landlords
Discrimination Discrimination on basis of familial status, voucher status,
disability, race
Criminal background checks can cause people to think
they’ve been denied
Landlords may deny those with criminal background
reentering
Target Areas
Arrowhead Grove Community
Waterman and Baseline (Crime is happening in this area)
Future CDBG Expenditures
Homeless Interventions Using abandoned Motels/hotels for affordable housing
Focus on specific homeless subpopulations
Housing Asset mapping
Gap analysis
Rehabilitation
Social services
Invest in coordination between agencies
Funding to rehabilitate homeless individuals who are
discharged from hospitals (Dignity Health) (ESG funding)
Homeless resource centers (one-stop) (ESG funding)
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Broadband
Access to housing
applications
HACSB has application online, people should be able to
access internet
Workforce People need internet to apply for jobs
Homeless
Services/Welfare Access
People don’t have access to broadband
Need tech literacy/digital equity
Libraries have computer but limited hours
Need computer labs for those that don’t have internet at
home/no home
Homeless persons need tech help/literacy
D Pop Up Events
Four Pop-Up events were attended including a local football game, San Bernardino
Fest 2019 Airshow, Housing Authority County of San Bernardino, and City of San
Bernardino Winter Wonderland. Common themes derived from the events include:
o What are the most critical economic development initiatives needed?
o Job creation
o Job generating businesses
o What are the most important areas of need?
o Affordable housing for the homeless
o Services for the homeless
o What is the most critical homelessness needed?
o Transitional housing
o Emergency shelters
o What are the most critical community services?
o Youth activities and children after school
o Youth summer programs
o What is the most critical infrastructure needed?
o Repaving of streets
o Street lighting
o What is the most critical housing needed?
o First-time homebuyer’s assistance
o Construction of new affordable units and housing for larger families
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0 20 40 60 80
Job creation/job generating…
Job readiness programs
College readiness programs
Grants/loans to small…
Counseling/training for…
Other
0 20 40 60 80 100
Services for the homeless
Affordable housing
Economic development
Youth issues
Infrastructure E.g) sidewalks…
Senior issues
HIV/AIDs housing
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50
Youth centers
Parks and recreational facilities
Libraries
Community centers
Childcare centers
Healthcare facilities
Firestations and equipment
Senior centers
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Transitional housing
Emergency/overnight shelters
Permanent supportive housing
with social services
One-time rent/utility payments
Other
What is the most critical
economic development need
in San Bernardino?
What are areas of need most
important to you?
What is the most critical
community facility needs?
What are the most critical
homelessness needs?
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Youth amenities (activities?)
Children after school/summer…
Programs for at-risk youth
Childcare services
Senior activites
Other
0 20 40 60 80 100
Street/alley…
Street lighting
Tree planting and urban…
Safe routes to school
Accessibility improvements…
Graffiti removal
Water/sewage improvements
Broadband internet access
Electric vehicle charging station
Other
0 20 40 60 80
First-time homebuyer stance
Constructon of new affordable…
Housing for large families
Accessibility improvements
Housing for those with…
Renter-occupied housing…
Senior housing
Owner-occupied housing…
Other
What are the most critical
community services needed?
What are the most critical
community infrastructure
needs?
What are the most critical
housing needs?
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E Housing Summit
The City hosted a Housing Summit on Thursday, February 6th, 2020 at the Arrowhead
Country Club located at 3433 Parkside Drive in San Bernardino from 8:00 AM to 12:00
PM. A Housing Summary Package was prepared and is attached to this Appendix
and includes the event’s promotional flyer, agenda, sign-in, and speaker
presentation.
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Housing Summit Notes:
General Questions/Comments/Concerns:
How can you entice affordable housing?
o Clemente Mojica: For single-fam development lower, it means to lower
impact fees and streamline the development process
Think about all the overlays, NIMBYYS, subsidies, tax credits – it will
help to lower impact fees and streamline approval process
o Greg Bradbard: Agrees. Also, National Core Renaissance are a mission
driven. Its about making the numbers work. We want affordable housing,
but is there land and additional dollars with that?
Developer-side: could be more incentives, higher density,
encourages density and affordable units
Melia Lopez (president of neighborhood associations)
o To Tina Roseberry: organization during the survey and organization
outreach
Need to include Neighborhood Associations on the slide
Important to be at the table because there’s a big disconnect
b/w policy makers, organizations, agencies
We strongly encourage to be included, they are an investor as
well and live in San Bernardino
o To panel: If you are having coalition to anything, the neighborhood
associations need to be involved on the table and beyond Commission
Need to be creative and get the community involved
Purpose
Inform area agencies on current
priority issues and solutions to
housing and homeless
1. Homeless prevention
2. Fair housing law and
discrimination
3. Planning for affordable
housing
4. Workforce development
Keynote Speakers
1. Michael Huntley, City of San
Bernardino
2. Eddie Estrada, Inland Empire
Housing First Program
3. Clemente Arturo Mojica, NPHS,
Inc.
4. Sarah Glenn-Leistikow, Center
for Employment Opportunities
5. Sandra Espadas, Hope Through
Housing
6. Kathleen McDonnel, Dignity
Health
7. Greg Bradbard, Hope Through
Housing Foundation
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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These things impact them
o Kristine Gaa responded: They provide wealth and feedback especially
in the Consolidated Plan. The City cares what they have to say. If
anyone has questions, please reach out.
Community Education Partnership - Comment to throw on the table: geared
to add ideas to the ConPlan
o Want to look at what is happening around the entire world. San
Bernardino has the chance to be a model. Governor came down to talk
about homeless, addition to the plan to turn hotels to affordable
housing, opportunity zones are important to look at San Bernardino is an
opportunity zone
Wells Fargo
o Lot about community living spaces: WeWork
Using it as community living and spaces – smaller dwellings in max
square footage
Development cost: have people looked into it? Does it seem
attractive? Will it help with affordability?
Clemente Mojica: working on strategic corporations. Smaller
homes and are shared, an area that we need to look at,
getting those products off the ground in cities where
approval process is counter intuitive so it is difficult and may
be difficult. So collaborative with Sandra + Kathleen, when
you pipeline a project you identify the choke points. Gaps in
policies and financing and community engagement. Need
to do a better job with engaging the community and make
sure you’re building what the community wants. Community
= shareholders
Gloria Maya: To Core Housing
o How do you account for constant and repetitive actions for resident
harassment to their residents?
Greg Bradbard: Firstly, we should have a conversation offline. But
in general, that does not align with their mission and values. They
do have 25,000 residents so we do have times when residents
don’t agree, and they do manage properties. Those issues do
come up. I want to know.
Question: Federal Government involvement with local leaders
o Lots of opposition b/w local leaders and government
“Housing First”
Eddie Estrada – “Housing First” is a big paradigm shift from what
social service providers used to provide, not only to the city but to
the county. We believe it works and there are challenges. There
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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are lot of homeless people with a lot of barriers that they need to
reduce.
o What do they see the resistance is? Is it negative or beneficial?
Eddie Estrada – Explains “Housing First” model. There is something
with HUD to put restrictions with “Housing First”. They tend not to
allow service providers to receive HUD money. To be able to put
some restrictions to address the pipeline.
o To Dignity Health: Most vulnerable population to disease and epidemics,
especially now, that could eventually affect the general public
Kathleen McDonnel – we serve everyone who comes in. They are
treated.
o What does Dignity Health plan to do to help?
Hospital does not sweep out encampments. There are colleagues
that do ministries where they go to the streets and tend to those
who live there. But Dignity Health does not do that.
Council Member answers – disconnect b/w local decision making
and local community members. Heard several comments. We
need more homeownership and don’t want apartments. Heard
about discussion about increase density. That strikes fear into
homeowners and decision makers. Decision makers are elected
officials. We need to have multi family dwellings. There needs to
be good location for it and not just in a single-family home area.
There’s an appropriate place for it – if there are no apartments,
then you lose most families.
Elected Leader (second ward) and works for non-profit that encourage
housing: talking about waiving city fees when it comes to development, how
does waiving these fees benefit the community? It benefits the developer but
how does it benefit the community?
Clemente Mojica: As an affordable housing developer, we are
mission driven. We are not making a lot of money. It’s not market
based. When we build affordable housing as a non-profit, how
much can we recoup while still offering a home that is very
affordable to low-income families? Factor built housing costs less.
20-25% less development construction cycle. The community will
benefit. Families were at 80% AMI, got her into the home. None of
the fees were waived. Appraises just like a site-built home.
Eddie Estrada: as a homeless service provider. Think about how it
helps the individual get into housing. Think of how much it costs as
a city for emergency services, police cars, and ambulances. This is
a hidden cost when you don’t think see that.
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Sandra Glenn-Leistikow: part of the work is understanding the
return of investment to see. People react to numbers. How does
that stabilization bring to the community? AIHC that is what
they’re aiming for.
Ayako: affordable housing is built, either owner or renter is paying no 1/3 of
gross monthly income, they have more disposable income. Pay these sales
taxes. Encourage the City to talk about why affordable housing and more
density is important? Rather than get votes. You need density. Don’t have a
car but that means to build higher density. Need lower site setbacks, need
lower square footage, lower minimums as well as apartments. Utilities are
expensive. Building and safety need to take this into consideration that
heightens the cost of construction.
Because cost of construction is so high, what can you do to get the cost of
construction down? Too risky for smaller developers to use smaller housing
costs, what can we do to accelerate adopting technologies?
Greg Brand Bard: making sure there aren’t regulation that don’t
prohibit us with traditional funding streams. They don’t necessarily
align. Dormitory type style housing could produce more housing
but that doesn’t align with tax-credit funding.
[Maria Gallegos] closing remarks
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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F Community Needs Survey
The City prepared a Community Needs Survey in both English and Spanish and
provided online links and paper copies for distribution. The survey was promoted at
scheduled project community meetings, Housing Summit, and pop-up events. The
survey link was posted on the City’s website, stakeholder newsletters, social media
posts and on flyers distributed at community events. The survey period was from
December 9, 2019 to February 29, 2020. The City received approximately 1,011
responses. Included in this summary are the survey informational flyer and online
survey summary.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Key Findings of the Survey
1,011 Online and Paper responses to online survey.
Response information:
91% English
88% residents
55% homeowners
40 percent renters
58% 10 or more years living in the City
18% less than 10 years
Identified needs in priority order:
1) Housing
Most critical housing needs:
1. First time homebuyer program
2. Construct more affordable rental housing
3. Renter-occupied housing rehabilitation
4. Accessibility improvements
2) Homeless
Most critical homelessness needs:
1. Permanent supportive housing
2. Emergency overnight shelters
3. One-time rent/utility payment assistance
4. Transitional housing
3) Community services
Most critical community services needs:
1. Programs for at-risk youth
2. Children’s after school/summer care
3. Youth activities
4) Economic development
Most critical economic development needs:
1. Job creation
2. College readiness programs
3. Job readiness programs
4. Grants and loans to small businesses
Complete survey summaries are provided below in both English and Spanish.
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Index of Tables, Figures, Graphs, and Maps
Table 1: Population Increase ............................................................................................................. 15
Table 2: Race and Ethnicity ............................................................................................................... 18
Table 3: Languages Spoken at Home .............................................................................................. 19
Table 4: Index of Dissimilarity .............................................................................................................. 20
Table 5: Housing Types ........................................................................................................................ 24
Table 6: Housing Tenure ...................................................................................................................... 25
Table 7: Persons with Disabilities ........................................................................................................ 26
Table 8: Large Households ................................................................................................................. 27
Table 9: Single-Parent Households .................................................................................................... 28
Table 10: Vacant Units and Vacancy Rates .................................................................................... 30
Table 11: Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined ................................................................. 31
Table 12: Affordability Rent and Mortgage Combined ................................................................. 31
Table 13: Median Home Purchase Price .......................................................................................... 32
Table 14: Rental Housing Cost ........................................................................................................... 33
Table 15: County Fair Market Rents ................................................................................................... 33
Table 16: Income Distribution Overview ........................................................................................... 34
Table 17: Housing Cost Burden Overview ........................................................................................ 34
Table 18: Median Household Income by Race .............................................................................. 35
Table 19: HUD Median Income Limits ............................................................................................... 36
Table 20: Employment Status ............................................................................................................. 38
Table 21: Workforce by Industry ........................................................................................................ 39
Table 22: Homeless Count .................................................................................................................. 40
Table 23: Homeless Populations ........................................................................................................ 41
Table 24: Disposition of Home Loans ................................................................................................. 47
Table 25: Mortgage Approvals by Race/Ethnicity.......................................................................... 48
Table 26: Loan Type by Race ............................................................................................................ 49
Table 27: Denials .................................................................................................................................. 49
Table 28: Top Lenders.......................................................................................................................... 50
Table 29: Land Use and Zoning ......................................................................................................... 52
Table 30: Units Per Property ................................................................................................................ 53
Table 31:Housing Types by Zone ........................................................................................................ 54
Table 32: Parking Requirements ........................................................................................................ 55
Table 33: Discriminatory Language in For-Sale Homes Listings ..................................................... 58
Table 34: Discriminatory Language in Rental Listings ..................................................................... 61
Table 35: HUD Fair Housing Complaints ............................................................................................ 63
Table 36: DFEH Basis for Complaint ................................................................................................... 64
Table 37: IFHMB Persons Served 2018-2019 ...................................................................................... 65
Table 38: Hate Crimes Reported ....................................................................................................... 66
Table 39: Crime in the City of San Bernardino ................................................................................. 66
Table 40: Contributing Factors to Fair Housing Issues ..................................................................... 75
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Figure 1: Key Takeaways Community Survey .......................................................................................... 10
Figure 2: Key Takeaways Critical Needs ................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3: Key Takeaways Vulnerable Residents ...................................................................................... 14
Figure 4: Age Distribution .............................................................................................................................. 16
Graph 1: Age Distribution in San Bernardino City .................................................................................. 17
Graph 2: Housing Stock by Year Built ........................................................................................................ 30
Map 1: Minority Concentration ................................................................................................................... 22
Map 2: Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty ........................................................... 23
Map 3: Areas of Low- and Moderate-Income ....................................................................................... 37
2020 City of San Bernardino – Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice
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Activity CDBG Requested ESG HOME NSP1
2020 Grant Fund Allocation 3,405,816$ 295,799$ 1,404,784$ 300,000$
Program Income and Reprogrammed Funds 817,368$ 1,965,694$ -$
Available Funds 4,223,184$ 295,799$ 3,370,478$ -$
Administration (maximum available)681,163$ 22,185$ 140,478$ 60,000$
Section 108 Repayment 763,021$
Micro-enterprise 35,000$
Fair Housing (IFHMB)73,000$
Citywide Concrete Repairs 500,000$
Hanes Project 500,000$ -$
Infill Housing 700,000$ -$
Seccombe Park Housing Project 2,000,000$ -$
Mary Erickson Community Housing (MECH)300,000$
First Time Homeownership - CHDO 15% Set-Aside1 210,718$ -$
Public Facilities Projects
Meadowbrook Park 253,000$
Nicholson Park 1,000,000$
Anne Shirrel Park 253,000$
Encanto Community Center - Phase I 665,000$
Public Facilities Projects Total 2,171,000$ -$ -$ -$
Lutheran Social Services (LSS)70,000$
Community Action Partnership (CAPS)54,446$ -$ -$
Family Services Association (FSA)63,000$
Step Up on Second 86,168$
The Salvation Army -$
Total Requested 4,223,184$ 295,799$ 3,551,196$ 360,000$
1Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO) set-aside as required by HOME regulations.
EXHIBIT B
FISCAL YEAR 2020-2021 DRAFT ACTION PLAN ACTIVITY RECOMMENDATIONS
1
2020-2025 Consolidated
Plan Process
City of San Bernardino
2
Overview Statistics
Source: 2013-2017 American Community Survey Estimates
POPULATION
215,252
0.313% GROWTH
MEDIAN AGE
29.4
MEDIAN
HOUSEHOLD
INCOME
$41,027
6.69% GROWTH
POVERTY RATE
30.6%
NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES
78,721
2.6% GROWTH
MEDIAN
PROPERTY
VALUE
$202,100
14.3% GROWTH
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
3
Entitlement Grants
Grants received by the City of San Bernardino
•Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
Program - $3,405,816
•HOME - $1,404,784
•ESG - $295,799
To receive these funds, the City must
complete and submit to HUD a
Consolidated Plan Document (CPD)
4
What is a Consolidated Plan?
•The CPD covers a five-year period.
•The Consolidated Plan (ConPlan) is designed to aid the City in assessing
affordable housing and community development needs
•The ConPlan determines how funds from the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) are used
•Priorities are determined through data analysis as well as a
communitywide outreach program.
Ensures the programs
are data-driven and
place-based
Analysis of
housing and
economic
market
conditions
Addresses the
priority needs
and County’s
goals
Allocates funds to
priority projects
and needs in Con
Plan
Outreach,
Stakeholder
meetings, Data-
gathering
Analysis of
Impediments ConPlan
Annual
Action Plan
5
Engagement Activities
Housing Summit
Community survey
Stakeholder meetings
Pop-Up Events
Engagement & Outreach Activities:
•Identify priorities
•Creates a dialogue
6
Community Survey
The best tool for providing:
•Local data
•Housing needs
•Community needs
•Anonymous input – allows for
honest feedback
The survey was distributed via paper and
online and was open from November
2019 to February 2020
We received 1,011 response
7
Housing Summit
February 6, 2020 – Conducted a Housing Summit
Arrowhead Country Club
41 attendees
We had 7 speakers, and invited a diverse group of community leaders, agency
representatives, service providers, planning professionals, land developers,
business owners, and more to learn and collaborate about the current state
of housing, jobs, and development opportunities. This summit will help the City
identify:
•Real and perceived public safety concerns,
•The need for diverse housing options (both emergency and long-term)
•Developing new and improving existing housing stock
•Expanding opportunities to advance workforce and build community wealth
•Community health including physical, mental, and emotional well -being
The presentations and activities:
•Give information about City’s Consolidated Plan
•Addressed the City's most immediate needs, and
•Curate information and ideas for use in long-range planning and
development efforts
8
Stakeholders / Focus Groups
•Children & Youth Services
•Senior Services
•Health Services
•Employment and Job Training Services
•Education Services
•Affordable Housing (Developers and
Providers)
•Homeless Services
•Lenders, Brokers, First-Time Home Buyers
Programs
•Disability Service Providers
•Domestic Violence Services
•Government Agencies
•Business (Chambers of Commerce,
Associations, and Real Estate Professionals)
•Legal Services
•Faith-Based and Cultural Organizations
•Publicly Funded Institutions / System of Care
•Community / Family Services and
Organizations
•Environmental Sustainability
•Immigrant Services
•Neighborhood Associations
Reaching out to various providers, organizations and firms for input
9
Pop-Up Events
•Temporary events in unique
spaces
•Venue for public outreach
and information distribution
•The City of San Bernardino has
conducted 3 pop-up events
•Have successfully distributed
information about the
Consolidated Plan process and
engaged community members
about attending meetings and
participating in the survey
10
Data/Outreach Collection
Pop-Up Events, Community
Meetings
Focus Group Meetings
Surveys
These identified needs
are then used to
prepare the
Consolidated Plan’s
Strategic Plan which
informs and guides the
future projects and
programs
Helps the City identify
high-priority needs for
the Consolidated Plan
The results of the:
11
Goals Identified
Affordable Housing
o Low volume of affordable housing
o Poor housing conditions and blight
o Tenant background checks stop families from receiving housing
o Lack of advocacy for affordable housing. Not-My-Backyard attitudes create a
tough land development process for new affordable housing plans
o Low number of accessible units for a growing elderly and/or disabled population
Income & Employment
o Lack of convenient transit routes and stops to get to work
o Lack of jobs
o Lack of skilled workers and training opportunities
o High unemployment and poverty rates is impacting earning capacity
o Low and moderate income populations cannot afford to purchase a home
Education
o Access to the internet is needed for secondary and higher education
o Work schedule does not permit families to seek higher education
Racially Concentrated Areas
o Lack of homeowners in racially concentrated areas
Homelessness Services and Prevention
o Low number of accessible units for a growing LMI elderly and/disabled population
o Homeless shelter space is at capacity
Economic Development
o Struggling downtown
o Lack of mixed use development in the downtown
o Local politics is affecting economic development
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Thank You