HomeMy WebLinkAboutS6-Police Department
CIT.... OF SAN BERNARDI~"O - REQUF~T FOR COUNCIL AC....ON
From:
Oonald J. Burnett __
. . ~ r. 'D ~ n Lll '.~ /~ \.0-;-
Chlef of PollceRt...., .-t-..L.n-;;,.. \;1..
Subject: Taser Oemonstration
;rYe;?-
Dept:
Police
Ism JAN 29 'r" l f34
Date: January 29, 1987
Synopsis of Previous Council action:
None
Recommended motion:
This item is for information only. No motion required.
/'1
/
Contact person: Dona 1 d oJ. Burnett. Ch i ef of Po 1 ice
383-S034
'i)porting 'data attached: Yes
Ward:
Finance:
Community Contributions Rnd/or
Asset Forfeiture Fund
1./. t: r-~
;'-UNDING REQUIREMENTS: Amount:
$0,000
Sou rce:
Council Notes:
75-0262
Agenda Item No.
~-d
CI1. ," OF SAN BERNARD[ 0 - REQU[ ~T FOR COUNCIL AC' ,ON
STAFF REPORT
The Taser is a tool designed to minimize injury to persons who must be
taken into custody due to their PCP influence condition who are physically
aggressive, violent, or a danger to themselves or others. The tool
will also prevent injury to officers taking these persons into custody.
Attachments provide extensive
and its use.
cgr
75-0264
.
:ITY OF SAN BEr )jARDINO - MEMORANDUL.
To
~1ayor &. Counci 1
Donald J. Burnett
From Chief of Pol ice
/fiar
Subject
Taser Demonstration
Date January 27,1987
Approved
Date
At 4:30 p.m., on Monday, February 2,1987, I have arranged a
demonstration of the Taser in the Council Chambers. The Taser is a tool
that has been used wi dely by 1 aw enforcement to effect i vely, and as
humanely as possible, take certain kinds of persons into custody. These
persons are those who are under the influence of PCP and are physically
aggressive, violent, or a danger to themselves or others.
~lentally disturbed persons who are physically aggressive or violent also
p resent a val i d reason for the use of the T aser. The T aser has been
successfully utilized to prevent suicides as well.
Presently, officers have to physically contact a violent or physically
aggressi ve person who is subj ect to arrest. Those under the i nfl uence
of PCP frequent ly requi re as many as fi ve offi cers who use thei r total
body weight to control the individual long enough to place handcuffs and
leg restraints on the person. Too frequently, the individual is injured
and officers are injured in the process. The Taser is a tool that we
can most humanely provide for the control of these individuals with the
least amount of injury to the individual or officers.
It is my intent to purchase approximately 15 of these Tasers and have
approximately four or five in the field at anyone time. All sergeants
and corporals will be trained in its use. Only sergeants and corporals
will have the Taser in their possession while in the field. Should a
field officer confront a situation where the Taser could be used as the
least amount of force necessary, the officer will call for a corporal or
a sergeant with the Taser to assi st him/her. A written pol icy will be
issued which will define when the Taser may be used and what procedures
will be taken following the use of the Taser.
I consider this tool an essential element to enhance the safety of the
citizens who are exhibiting violent or physically aggressive behavior as
wel~~hanCing the safety of the officers in the department.
~JI ~
Chief of
cgr
Attachments
ADAMSON INDUSTRIES, INC.
DISTRIBUTOR & MANUFACTURER OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRODUCTS
HOME OFFICE:
SALES OFFICES:
930 W. 16th Street Bldg A-l
Costa Mesa, Ca 92627
714-650-0906
800-824-0162
Costa Mesa, Calif.
Clackamas, Oregon
Methuen, Mass.
1-800-824-0162
TASER FACT SHEET
WHAT IS THE TASER?
Taser is a hand held electronic immo-
bolizing device for close range use.
A highly effective weapon, yet remark-
ably safe, the Taser is an excellent
choice for certain types of law enforce-
ment applications.
Subduing~~~ap~uring~an individual with-
out risk of serious injury ,or death to
fellow officers, bystanders or hostages
is a tough assignment. So is the quest-
ion of what to issue to correctional
officers or V.I.P. security details.
Taser can be an important piece of equip-
ment in your arsenal of crime fighting
tools. Investigating domestic quarrels,
taking highly agitated individuals into
custody, handling armed suspects in crowd-
ed public places. When thinking special
tactical situations, think Taser!
HOW DOES TASER WORK?
The Taser projects a pair of tiny contactors
with trailing wires attached, up to a dis-
tance of fifteeen feet. Through these con-
tactors, electric current passes into the
body of the subject. Almost instantaneously
muscle spasms and loss of balance results
and the subject is effectively subdued, but
without any permanent aftereffects.
The Taser is designed to be non-lethal. The
chances of inflicting a serious wound on
contact are almost zero. The force of im-
pact is about equal to being struck by a
cork popping out of a champaign bottle. The
Tasers electrical charge is well within a
safe range for human beings. No harmful
aftereffects have been observed in hospital
tests where the Taser was first used on
human volunteers or in the field where the
Taser was used by law enforcement officials
or by citizens to defend themselves.
IS THE TASER SAFE?
DISTRIBUTOR FOR:
Clbie Ughts - CMllntoxilizer - CMI Radar - Federal Laboratories - Federal Signal Corp.
Premier Crown - Reminaton Ammunition - Sirchie Finaer Print LAb - TaRAr InduAtri_ _ Ilnltrftl ~lrAn. _ Ilnltv Ufn l".n
MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS A BOlrt' 'l'llE l'ASER
1. DOES THE TASER AFFECT THE HEART?
The TASER'S output strength is well below the level entabLished as
safe by the federal and state governmentsin-appro"in(J~uch devices
as the electrifiedcatt~e fenCe~!!1~-~~~~~~~2'c.{-(,Eq,~TASER has
been passed througlLthe heartof:'"~~e"DOUnc!' Rhesus monkey with no
harmful effects.
2.
3 . WILL THE TASER ELECTROCUTE SOMEONE STANDING IN WATER?
No. The output is metered by the electronics and the'electrical
energy i~ each pulse is always the same regardless'of the target
conditions. The electrical output will not be transferred from
one person to another even if they touch.
4. ISN'T HIGH VOLTAGE LETHAL?
High voltage in itself is not dangerous. One ~an get a 25,000 volt
shock from a door knob on a dry day, without harm. The physiological
effect of electric shocks is determined by the current and its
duration, and it is the power source behind the shock that determines
these factors. The typical household current of 110 volts is danger-
~us because it can pump many amperes of current through the body in-
Jefinitely. By contrast, the TASER power supply consists of small
tatte~ies like those used in pocket calculators that are capable of
s!lpplying only a few watts of electrical power for a few minutes;
The ~ut?~t of the TASER is 3 watts--the same as that of a small in-
door Christ~as tree bulb.
~. HOW CAN THE TASER BE SO EFFECTIVE AND NON-INJURIOUS?
The TASER does not depend upon impact or body penetration to achieve
its effect. Its pulsating electrical output causes involuntary
muscle contractions and a resulting loss of balance. However, the
~ASER is non-destructive to nerves, muscles and other body elements.
It simply uses them in their natural mode.
6 . HOW DO THE CONTACTORS WORK?
The contactors pull the two fine conducting wires from a cassette
and attach to clothing by means of small needle"",lik.d~. 'Once!-
attached, the TASER'S current jumps from the contactors to the
~~ :.; -1/ -- =.;:
body~-even through clothing.
'2 -
:.,.iJi '"' ,{,"
Questions about the TASER-pg. 2
7 . CAN THE TASER DARTS PENETRATE THE BODY?
No. At most only the ~" needle point will penetrate the skin.
The darts have less energy than a spring propelled BB and will
not even damage a windowpane or penetrate heavy cardboard.
8. WHAT ABOt1l' EYE INJURY?
It is emphasized in the instruction. which accompanY.the TASER
that it should be aimed at the attacker's chest. This is because
it is necessary for both small darts' to hit some part of the body
in order to be effective. The Chances of a dart hitting the eye
are extremely remote. Naturally putting any sharp object into an
eye-whetl1e~., it' Sjl dart or a lollipop stick--is not going to do the
eye any 909d. Tll"ink of the damage tP.~:t can be done by a bullet,
and you'll see that the TASER is a humane substi~ute for the gun.
\ \
9. CAN THE' TASER BE MOD IF lED TO BECOME LETHAL?
No, not without destroying the unit.
10. WHAT ABOUT AFTER EFFECTS?
A person who has been Tasered will feel dazed for some minutes
afterward and will not feel like resuming the attack, but there is
no permanent or longterm aftereffect.
11. IS THE TASER AN EFFECTIVE WEAPON FOR CRIMINALS?
No, because of its limitations. The TASER is effective only up to
fifteen feet. The contactors cannot penetrate doors or windows.
It leaves behind a healthy witness who can identify the criminal.
For these reasons the TASER is unlikely to become a significant
criminal weapon and as criminals become aware of the TAseR's limit-
ations, they will lose interest in it.
12. HOW DOES THE TASER COMPARE TO A HANDGUN AS A DEFENSIVE WEAPON?
At close range the TASER has proved more effective at stopp~ng an
attacker than a .38 pistol. Conventional firearms require a hit on
a small area such as the heart, spine or brain, but the TASER does
not. A person who has been shot may continue to be a threat, but
a person who has been Tasered is immobilized with just 2-3 seconds
of applied power.
3
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
The TASER has been under development for ten years. During
this time extensive study has been done on available data concerning
the physiological effects of electric shock on both humans and animals.
This work included research on electrified cattle fences, electro-con-
vlllsive shock therapy, medical tests upon heart fibrillation in animals,
"freezing" level tests upon humans and studies of accidental electrical
shocks.
A major finding of the.a tests was t~tf"ib.;illation of the heart
, ,
is the predominant cause of death from electrical shocks(excluding those
extreme cases in which a person is struck by lightening or contacts a
power line). Based upon these tests, safety criteria with respect to
fibrillation were established. These criteria provide the basis for the
safe design of such devices as electric cattle fences.
The vast majority of such fences produce pulsed electrical shocks
which comply with the requirement that the product of the current and
its time duration is less than or equal to 4 millampseconds. It has
been recognized for more than a quarter of a century that shocks less
than or equal to this strength would not cause heart fibrillation. A
four-year study made by the Underwriters Laboratory included consider-
ation of children, the aged and even persons with cardiac disability.
The strength of the TASER pulsed shock measures but a tiny fraction of
the level which was found by that study to be safe for human contact.
4
COMPARISON OF TASER WITH CONVENTIONAL FIREARMS
TASER
CONVENTIONAL FIREARM
Danger of Serious Injury
Designed to be a non-lethal
weapon. No permanent injury
or aftereffect.
Must inflict serious injury to
be effective. High probability
of causing death or permanent
damage.
Effectiv~ness
.-' t
Instantaneous and total incapa-
citation. Comment by Vincent
Blockley, physiologist, observer
of TASER Human Volunteer Test --
"I was startled by the immediacy
of the reaction and the size of
it...the volunteer was totally
incapacitated-frozen."
Requires hit on vital area (brain
spine, heart) of large calibre,
high energy bullet" even then,
instant incapacitation is not
assured. (Long Beach Press, May
1971, excerpt-"In 1967 Long Beach
Patrolmen were fatally shot...
they shot the (suspect) eight times
with their service revolvers but
still managed to seize his own gun
and shoot them to death."
Basis of Effectiveness
Small electrical currents
completely dominate the neuro-
muscular system in the body,
causing uncontrollable muscle
spasms.
Depends upon vital organ destruc-
tion to kill or incapacitate.
Other Characteristics
No recoil: m1n1mum danger to
children and bystanders.
Recoil: inherent danger of
accidental injury or death.
5
x.
MEDIC~L B~CKGROUND
The Taser has been under development for approximately fifteen
years. During this time. extensive tests and studies have been
conducted on available date concerning the physiological effects
of electric ehock on humans. This work included research on
electrified cattle fences. electro-convulsive shock therapy.
medical tests upon heart fibrillation in animals. ,Rfreezing"
level tests upon humans. and etudies of accidental electrical
shocks. The major cause of death from electrical ehock is
respiratory failure. This is caused by paralysis of the (D
respiratory nerve when an extremely high current passes throug ~\~
damaging or burning out that nerve. It is impossible for the ~
Taser. which only has an output of 200 microamps (a small
transistor radio draws several hundred times this amount of
current from a 9 volt battery). Based upon these tests. safety
criteria with respect to fibrillation was established.
I .t,
u. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Test &; Eval'uation. (March
1976): \\
This was by far the most comprehensive independent review that
has been made. The Consumer Product Safety Commission enlisted
the aid of the u.s. Bureau of Standards to assist in their test
and to record the electrical characteristics of the Taser. Dr.
Theodore Bernstein of the University of Wisconsin. an authority
on electrical shock. assisted in these tests.
American Academy of Forensic Science (1978):
This was a study by Dr. R. K. Wright. Deputy Chief Medical Exam-
iner. Dade County. Miami. Florida (Vol. VI. February 1978). To
paraphrase Dr. Wright's article: "At the outset, let me say that
the Taser is not a lethal weapon and that death from its use .
should not be anticipated." The Taser is a device for
immobilizing victims without killing them by using electrical
current. This current causes widespread contraction of muscles.
Physiologically, the device creates something described by
several volunteers as akin to a total body "charley horse."
The article goes on to state. " . . . A direct arrhythmia (due to
the use of the Taser) would seem impossible due to the current
characteristics of the weapon. which are similar to those of a
defibrillator . ·
· . . . Careful examination of victims after being Tasered
to reveal the presence of any local tissue damage . . . R
Taser gun represents an advance in weapons technology. It
weapon which produces immobilization of the victim without
or serious injury [emphasis added by editor] . . . R
failed
The
is a
death
(,
17
,Ii~e use tne
'r;( d~,tgll1/
Idb"i U'''}' 10
'/Je ' rio/,ml' 11le11
I i:I~"1 VI' .. ~-...-.,... - ---
'CI. WOlf
t. ,.ml"" staff .,.,et
police UN T__Q
..r.lp mCld,'nto. I..", tll.n 24 IOU~ .... . ~ ..
~.".rl. 1.0. ..'n,<,h'5 polICe u. . JlOteDUaJ1y \'ioJe.at
.....-d · non.I"I~1. elf'('tMC't ... IIjdC)D.......,.,.._ ' '-UtbariUel
.s.',,,'e In subd~ IWO meftof __. 10
\ ,nlenU)' .nd SUSpKted fa 1.._' _ ....
under lbe Ulfluence of pCP y ..-. ~ CakJradO A'
I Ol"curred III Ute SoutMlIl roudled IQ . CCtI'Der of .
'.n ""hlClI alon& WIIb tbe 7'7\Il '1DaD 13 _ r _ &....
0., I5IOIl ia fwld.leI\iIIl lbe . .' VI ..... ,,___eJII. ~
.......UK" clart lUll. 4e\"etopecI tIlad. .......t .-wr. ..
-du.. vlOWnt ~p<<U wltboul ~ ~ Ibe _11_
',nll P<"'maoellt InJury. U IV 11M ...- -u ..........
.,rda). III respollM toa ca _..' ......
. mu "". ('reatUlI a dla&~ :erous obJeeta .ere ...
~ .. u". ......... 18 Ulreal to lb. offieen'
<It?i;;..d.t;''o'd~rU~ICllarie. ~ Qded 10 CIU lilt &be ___
,:n' ~ a res.nt ", the area. " .. """'Iho tile ._
.. . 'v:e' said "".. beha"UlI . ',__ _-.". .....
Il~ Wllhan "". takeD InUl .. ........,.. Jdeaca
..w . and boOlled at Parlier 'E*I at ......... n-_o .
r .'n 'u.pl<'.nn nr dru!: UN' _"-. __ .
.H'....1.' n.:1I1 '\I' ~III '" .rd ~ ....-..poatoe IIIIL ";
) duu Inln ;n.~...ar-old , .
'1 I~~nn a, ~"e ~td the .......... w.- for .. UIO. .
..c at 1""0 other om. ftIt .. ,..w lMiftt ...... .. . poealIIle
..,'1 luna Ward. had COD- ....... Cole ... · 'aMI . - wida tbnr IC!"\'ICe l'e\'oI", .'
:Sh~:Il~ all alley off Well tall.. III NS\OllJ aaotlMr pCP \11M' did ....... ~.:,., .... "This ;... cutlln. . ,
I !War &roadWIY AIOD suspKU w_ Ie pollCe'saacL bidJy fnahteD \be mall. . UILIlI off _ IIclI'OIlIt Impulsft. ~ lhe
nwS:':... UI Parker Cell'" Without :"'s&rUf:o.:s maUMr. wbe "I cu. 't IIY l~ T.....'.. ~ cIIrta W"'li'- .' ke n 9 ..'
boClUCl OD IUaflCIOD 01 \lUna Ward ld offK"et'l lief lOG effective. wt It s ~ ..~. 0 C' ' ':
reportedly to.... ...... ..~.. said eff<<\Iv. nllw 00'" · i ';;'-
~~ clartl"a bablt_ ~.- -.. . - r S ~.
~~ TaMf'. w\u(b fir_ ~.. ba' \bat he badll' bHD 111)- S e. "
',lied to ibiD w",e leacllnl fr-:- ::,c::"u bea::;" ..beG 5Ile \elrllecl r. a W a pO
lauDchll1l d~o.:U:=:' ~e had bHll ollly lemporanly D\I · {f' S . e
) paases I 50._ I ltaled . S h ·
'j IlIe target ont'e lb. clartl are \Dr pacTlser '.. one of Ihree non. III elf" .
::~ ~~~~:r::-:u: ~~~~I;':":;"~Ul~~~I::-=: ~~. N eW ' I (i t stunned oneJ'~tan~;~~:::
.J..r est (or Don.lelhal ..upons III 'haW 'oil" us. . . un.' he
II" low Imperale current The qu communlly outcrlft Ibat "E"i :::..., d 1'aser esplO8lOft . l ctor in t
".... (rom · nlckel-c::;u:;: I: ~:~:5~ve beeD lno qUlcll 10 ibOOI W( B' S1-EV€ TE~S~ l h by the \ou f ita victims lnhs ~rr, departm<<
..g"lble bailer)' bou . d 'lol..nl sU~pKU ..ho are U ~ ,'ler In nor _.. mollt 0 1 h k w.. s en . h I or
ndl.. of IlIe Taser. ..hIC~ \liar dO""~ or .re DOl .rmed ..Itb sal Last \\0 In, fi Id Counly, But.. the rea I ot the victllD .a
. bed 15 looktnll IIl1e a ('tOIl unar Fr . 's Whll Ie are... . sa\lon s
;~r;'D a lIasbhlht .nd a bau IU~:D ~U)S 0l'1510n II Ift\lnc. coGel;':ear.old jail ioSmhat;. itill tQ. com" risOner looked g\inCh se~ou\d gel
".r" liar \0 It-At 1115. c.lled vela J l Buck) a. M the P . arc:h one e ir
fhe pk-clrlC shocks. "hlC~m~ ~;:~I:~~Shleld,"hlchr.ndlSlble ele.lames T~oy \ d up in lhe d en at hia bodY IR sehic:b ing a (inger
'H'led al rates up 10 ".. " '1 up 10 ~ feet ....) COI d been ho e k 0\\0. bole. (W i. t
~~pj.,~ 'p~/i~';' To"'U~-;N;w Re~'i;~i~~;'''.' '.::~:: ~~~~~ ":~~"'ti~Y \:rlt;~:~L
,u... . . 000 volta the Inlt aid
'HIS. Tenn. lUPIl - A The restraint wrap was developed ficers can also be hurt. This is a li~. ~hinwir~ d'arts) out. s
.. sturdy vinyl that looks like over the past year by officer Mike safe, humane and non-lethal ap- aLl- Ta~er and ~'.ahaA. weapon
)sed pup tent wW .soon help Young and Fred Klyman. a civilian proacb," Klyman said before the the i". had jUlt 'Th~ to quick
IS police apprehend violent employee at the Memphis Police device was unveiled Tuesday. !aria \ t~ont\ele~on br
patients. unruly drug cases Training Academy. "Basically what we've done is ., .hock lriC- hl~ a b ~ba\\
. plain mean suspects. take existing technoloiV aNt !iN .. .......,.. . a In:." kOlfe. a. i\al
.iser-Restraint Wrap System "The victim is often the victim of with ~ - .: body. g'.sa or slm'ln-
· of an. elec.tric stun gun and ~jury due tn tha A~,.- .. S'f Weapon n,"O the '~t does ~.W:~t
j straIght Jacket rf u a e in&. hi ro.. \nc. the ar wo\.
~SER POwe, dart-firlnC cart.- ~.~.h~J ~~~~~.dt.
'ble to stop ~cb and;:: an not reuaable. Il~:~ma"',;, Of c:ou~:
l "I.' almOSt ~ ndges. W 50 ani-. 'lbe ~.~ . 'I '~""'.. ala:
Police · I .. be said. cost abOUt $1. --. of the ..condl pel u ,.., ',oae
,\1.1.'0'- Tbe lUal\O ~ tbeSe ~"Hebbard cited the de~ haS bou&hl = IDDN t. waI i1.. . wit.h adar\l
_rtmenthaS~~~..l the U. ~~ user on which 01. TASER'. wltb p1aD8 to..__..... an h da&ecl,. 'tt5',r'~":::j.~
. weapon to ita .-- . case w ~ ~; 01 tbem - == tc -, .. 1111_ . ." . _.. ~ .."..~r.~
~ far the f~cers ble to plaCe leatber a dill
\SER.A.~~ Rifle, ~~auaecl far ~J:l-= s Knife-WieldingWomao4bc
,n88violen& aupecta witb. Wben the oftiCel'8 s&epped out 01 the . e Ih. (
~vol~ tina iwo barbed ::-aiDt-::the StJ-uale starte4 1 Subdued by ponce Taser ~
pe ~lduti.cS in tbe suapect'. apiIl,sai4ftebbanL bebaviol', . . '. 'g ~
s: ar c1.o*bBL WbID tbIY bad: Despite tbeir ~ cSeadlY force A WOIIIID willa . biItorJ of IDIIlUl probIema"...-'&.
ied..tbe ~ ~. ~~::. inIt,.--- be IUbduId wida.a eIectrIc-dlft........ Suadq'" \:
SER ~ · ... cbarpd .. tM 'l'ftIa SCNI& police.... dIa a. ,
:~cbal'P-F~ ui4 UPiUltI';:'TASER.olfk:enwoul4 1..InI:b~bIf"LoIAnpl='" ~
~ QdII Ray dg PIG With _----" DO daIeI' tbaa omcen \IIIIl tM TIler IUD 10 ......... .,.
a T__ ...~ ~ ta. ~ .~..~:i'd...ub1eeL ~ 53. wbDl1w....th.*-t1l.- iMDGUM........ . ..
~;.....
'J
.';.1
. -;'."'''
'.t_~
.:~ .:
;
"...having used it [the TASERJ ...over 600 times last year, we have
not had any cases where anyone has been seriously injured. It is one
of the best -things we've been able to come up with in dealing with
these very violent situations..."
Chi.t Darryl Gates. Los Angeles Police Department
THE TASER ELECTRONIC IMMOBILIZATION DEVICE
IN~ORMATION AND TRAINING MANUAL
Updated 1 Dece.b~r 1988
INT~ODUCTION:
. The TASER weapon comes in three mOdels. The latest i. the TE-86, the
, TASER ENFORCER. I t has .evera l,}mprovell~n~, ov.r;, the pr.v.~~s. 1I0d.I.,
the TD-83andw1::h. PS"83."The'~""fll'h.1 lIo(f.lr~.. de.ilned for airline
security and contained a flashlight aS,a d!l'~qy.~odl.,.lii'Se its true
purpose as a weapon. The light however proved incompatable with high
voltage electricity and was responsible for most at the TASER's,main-
tainance problems. Further,the police seldoll used the light, finding
it more reliable to sight down the top of the weapon, the sam. way
that a pistol is aimed.
The manufacturer has therefore removed the flashlight from the TE-8S.
The chamber that carried the light is now used to house the quick-
change NiCad battery. This ~eature eliminates the "down" time the'83
models need for recharging. The TASER ENFORCER is immediately deploy-
able with the insertion of a fresh NiCad battery.
Each TE-86 comes with a high impact, polyolefin sleeve as a standard
feature. In addition, the housing and the handle are now bonded with a
solvent rather than an adhesive, making the weapon extremely resist-
ant' to damage from misuse.
Except for the changes just presented, the TE-86 is basicly the same
device as the previous models. It stil I uses the same cartridges and
puts out the same high voltage to the subject via the same pat~nted
circuitry. The 3 to 7 watts of power in the TE-86 lies somewhere be-
tween the TO-83 and the PS-83 power levels. The manufacturer consid-
ers this a safe but eftective compromise between the two extremes.
,
These changes have made the TASER non-Iathal weapon system more re-
liable and user friendly.
Because there are some 10,000 TD-83. and PS-63s in u.e throughout
the world, this manual covers their description and use.Thes. 1I0dels
can still be purchased throulh special arranla.ents with the manu-'
tacturer, but the prospective purchaser should stronlly consid.r the
arluments alainst the. just presented.
1
N.\SJfVrLLE B\'~ER
:\ Ultusl r I, I q77
.
HOSTAGE FREED AS SHOCK
GUN FOilS ASSAILANT
8y JOHN BRmlNGHAM
Banner Staff Writer
Metro police usinl a lun
which adm!nister~ a powerful
electrical shock this momin, sub-
dued a 30.year-old . Nashville
man who wu allegedly holdin,
an apartment security guard
hostage_
S,.. Freddie Stroman used
the T asei JUn to subdue Roland
Collier, addre. unknown.
Shanty Ifter 4:3Oa.lII. todlY,
police . Slid, Collier had run
throulh I quarter-inch pllte .,a..
window It Metro Manor Apart.
ments, Soo Fifth Ave. N.
Collier alleledly picked up I
jaaed piece of Jlass rrom the
window and held it to the throat
of security luard Charles Smith,
56, of Metro Manor.
Collier told police 11Iter that
"he had been surrounded hy 50
officers lit the Capitol and the
only route he could escape was
by bre:Jking in and t:Jkillg the
llIan hostage ," according to de-
lective John J. (Jack) Rohtert.
Police were called to Ihe scent
by apartment residenl5 \lAw hellrd
Smith screaming for help.
Rohler! said polict :Jrrived 10
find the plale gJa5s WlIlllllw hll~
ken :md {'ullier holdin, Smith.
"1lilt Mih.:hcll and several
other uffiL-ers distr.ac:ted Collier,
Stroman edged toward hhn .'illa
the Taser pn.
"I ell'" lowards him and whea
I ,ot aboul 10 reel away lie' 10 . :if
with my Tater:' Stroman lIid.
"He started vihnatina all ewer.
To me il looked like he WlI do- . hid'" . . ,
in, a dan~-e. nlen he rell lu hts . . i
knees." , .
. Stromati Ilks .... IlCUdti{"" ~;~itfft~
Plrd WlI held. ro~ IboufJ~)..nf1'h i.,
minutes but ..Ieued unharmed.' '_ .. ~.
"\-'
Stromatt said the T.r ""_"~I . :j{~~' #
Ihootl two darll which a.. It- . . > .' .
lached to the weapon with ..
electric wire. He Slid lhe welpOft
sends 50,000 voltl of electricity
IhrouJh lhe darts.
Police beltan usinl the JUns,
which cost belween S 199 and
S2S0, last summer..
Rohtert said Collier was chal'J'
ed with third-degree burglary and
assaull with intent to commit
murder.
Ruhlert said he would also
tlllk to Ihe district ttlorney',
oflice about kidnaping chules.
Collier Was a1sn ch:arged on
severlll outstanding warrants
from a traffic arresl earlier this
T
!,:
year.
..
". ;,:
. ." .--~_..
. -'~'~~:~;i:---'
.
'j
i
.' c;j~:g~
.~,""'''''k:...
TASER
Hodels PS-83 and TD-8S
I ; '.'. '.""'
I" f
r.
, ,
,
HANDLE
TRIGGER BAR
(Left and Right)
SAFETY
RECHARCE INDICATOR
BATTERY CHARGE PLUG
FLASHLIGHT SWITCH
FLASHLIGHT
CARTRIDGE CHAMBER
TASER
Hodel TE-86
The TE-86 has eli.inated ite.. 4, 5, 6, and 7, above.
dial!'a. 1
illuminate it the batteries are accepting a charge. The LED is un-
necessary for the TE-86 as the battery is charged by a separate unit
on 115 volt household current. Users on 220 volt current must specif-
lcly request a recharger tor that voltage.
Power output:
PS-83: 50,000 volts, 10 to 12 watts
TD-83: 50,000 volts, 2.5 to 5 watts
TE~88: 50,000 3 to 7 watts
Function and Eftectr
The TASER'. maxillu. ranle is 15 teet. When-.,th. barbed darts strike a
\ \
target, a pulsed, .etered current is transmitted through th. lnsul-
ated wires to the darts or contactors.Both darts must make and main-
tain contact with the subject's skin or clothing to complete the
electrical circuit. The current is immediately immobilizing and dis-
abling. The metered charge has been medically tested and proven to
I
be non-injurious, even to individuals with heart disease or to those
using pacemakers.
The same effect is created by merely touching the subject with the
dual antennas ot the Probe-pak . In either situation, a two to three
second duration of the electrical pulses will immobilize the subject
for a period ot time, but it should be emphacised that both a~tennas
of the Probe-pak must maintain continuous contact fot this effect.lt
( I
is possible for the subject to step away from contact with one or
both telescopic probes bet ore he is immobilized.Even so, the subject
,
is normally so intimidated by the brief shock that he has no desire
to invite a second treat.ent.The sound ot the instrumen~ and the de-
monstration of the electrical arc is enoulh to induce cooperation in
in most people.
4
Once the subject has been "Tasered," contact with him may result in a static
electrical charge (shock) being felt by the first individual to contact the sub-
ject. This "shock" is nothing more than would be r.ceived from touching a
door knob.
Probe Pak
.,.
two chambers, '.aving one chamber fr.. for optional use of the standard
cartridge.
, ,
The Development of the T ASE R
The TASER has been under development for approximately 1S years. During
this time extensive tests and studies have been conducted on available data
concerning the physiological effects of electric shock on humans. This work
included research on electrified cattle fences, electro-convulsive' shock therapy,
medical tests upon heart fibrillation in animals, "freezing" level tests upon
humans and studies of accide.C'\tal electrical shocks. A major finding of the tests
was that fibrillation of the heart is the predominant cause of deat" from
electrical shocks. Based upon these tests, safety criteria with respect to
.'
. ,
fibrillation was established.
00 . .-
The vast majority of such fences produce pulsed electrical shocks which com~ly
with the requirement that the product of current and Its time dur.ation is less
than or equal to . millampseconds. It has been recognized for more than hllf I
"
.'
5
century that shocks less than or equal to this strength would not cause heart
fibrillation. The strength of the T ASER pulsed electrical output measures but a
tiny fraction of the level which was found safe for human contact by a four (4)
year test and study by the Underwriters Laboratory which included in its test
consideration for childre'" and the aged.
Several other tests have also been conducted on the T ASER and its electrical
output. Some such test excerpts follow:
- -~",
....
o Sutter Memorial Hospital Sacramento:. February '176, Dr. Malcom McHenry,
.
\
head of cardiology was requested by the Calffornia Assembly' to study the
effects of the TASER. Dr. McHenry was asked to study the TASER and
report upon his findings. Dr. McHenry is' also in charge of the pacemaker
implantation process at Sutter Memorial and works closely with Dr. R. H.
Barkalow, a biomedical engineer on pacemaker problems.
I
To paraphrase Dr. McHenry's testimony, "or. Barkalow and I ha.ve studied
the T ASE R. It is well made and does what the manufacturer states it
does. It is basically non-lethal. The actual voltage developed in the body
is far below the actual output, about ZOO volts (this is important because
it relates to effects of the T ASER on pacemakers). II Dr. Barkalow 3lJbse-
quently asked Cordis Laboratory in Miami, Florida to perform some experi-
.
. ,
ments on the effect of the TASER outputs upon pac,makers and concluded
. . . . No permanent damage to any modern pacemaker is anticipated because
these pacemakers are designed to withstand electrical defibrillator ~ulses
that are externally applied to the chest..... (These defibrillator pulses
are many times more power'ful ~h.n the TASER output.)
" ,,I
o U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Test & Evaluation (March '76):
This was by far the most comprehensive independent review that has been
made. The Consumer Product Safety Commission enlisted the aid of the
u.s. Bureau of Standards to assist In their test and to record the elec.
trical characteristiC:s of the TASER and the assistance of Dr. Theodore
Bernstein of the University of Wisconsin, an authority on electrical shock.
Upon completion of a four (4) month evaluation and study, the Bureau of
Engineering Sciences of the U.S. Consumer Product Saf~y Commission
concluded that the liT ASER's electrica' output II' non-I~af.w -There is no
.
... '\
evidence that adverse psychologlcaf,' or neurological, eff~ts stemming
purely from the electrical current charge of a T ASER."
o American Academy of Forensic Science (1978): An article by Dr. R. K.
Wright, Deputy Chief Medical Examiner, Dade County, Miami, Florida (Vol.
,
VI, Feb. 78). To paraphrase Or. Wright's article: "At the outset, let me
say that the T AS E R is not a lethal weapon and that death from its use ...
should not be anticipated. II The T ASER is a device (or immobilizing
victims without killing them by using electrical current. This current
causes widespread contraction of muscles. Physiologically, the device
creates something described by several volunteers 15 akin to an i~ter-
mittent, near total-body charley horse.
UA direct arrhythmia (due to the ule of the TASER) would .eem impossible
due to the current cha.racterlltlcs .of the weapon which are similar to those
of a defibrillator."
7
Careful examination of victims after being Tasered failed to reveal the
presence of any local tissue damage,
The TASER gun' represents an advance in weapons technology, It is a
w~apon which produces immobilization of the victim without death or
.erious injury (emphasis added by editor).
,,,: .,...~~ ;:-i: . ~r::
o Excerpts from the California Assembly Committee on Cr;mt"al
'if >4.
Hearin
Justice
.
.
Testimony .
o Tom Reef,din, t,orm,r Chief of Police, City oflos Ang."s, It... Vears
passed' '1ni th:'S:~*3ea~:;~(~~lt~l~~ weapon which
.
met the requirements that we had laid down in that committee ... the
TASER./I
o Question from the Assembly - /lTom, what may I put in my home that
would be a substitute for a deadly weapon... 1/1 Answer - The
T ASE R would be such a weapon,
,
o Dr. Frank Summers, M.D., anesthesiologist, St. Joseph Hospital,
Orange, California. Specialist in medical electronics. /I. , . We IJnder-
took this (volunteer test) in an operating room at St. Joseph's
Hospita1~:,. We h.cLan assel.~~v of cardiovascular surgeons, cardioto-
.
gisq. .., w.' had a re.~ tbf,..1TASER) .., we tested extensively
..:'~::-,. ,~:F~,'::_: ,_,_ _ :", ,---.-~._~.:~-.;-:.-::-,~; -c'
i~".mcvies ~,""'ments. T.he tests were impressive.
", ',..:;~~~;i~,';;',...F#- .....".,.~ ::l\:::~7J:.~d:~;""~'
~~tt4::, ~'l:R~".':' ...~::. 'hysiolt)Qy, electrocardiograph
c'.;'j&~; ..... :'''';!''~'}i:: :
and
We
the
.
,
~ '~-~,.._-~,.-' -, -"-+:~;.~,~~-~,,"~-'-~ , ,-
'..~/i. ...~' ......r... ~
~-;.~:~<.,
. .J-
o "One failure. due to over-zealous operator who pushed down too hard
on the trigger, thus shorting the unit out."
o "One failure due to the trigger mechanism (the trigger has been
remodified ants no problems experienced since)."
o "Two had no effect due to the fact the suspect's clothing was thicker
than two inches."
o "One failure was due to an insufficient dart spread (the optimum
" .
range for us~ of the TASER is from 8 to 12 feet fro~ 'the suspect to
provide adequate spread)."
Advantages
o Medically safe;
I'
o Immediately and totally incapacitating;
o Easy to use: training crossover from training in use of the
,
service revolver;
o Highly portable: can be carried on officer's person and
serve as a flashlight;
o Darts do not have to penetrate the skin to function;
o Can retain total control indefinitely by leaving darts in
place;
o Maintains distance between officer and suspect.
10
Disadvantages
o Present configuration requires that both darts strike
target;
o 1S foot range limitation
o Slight risk of injury to ey.ball, ~hough the,.e a"e no
reports of this having occurred.
..
"The T ASE R gun has now been adopt.d by our d.partment for citywide
us....
Performance of the TASER
The TASER depends upon delivery of a metered .Iectric current for its effec-
tiveness upon an individual, not upon any effect or impact of the barbed con-
tactors. In short the TASER is not a kinetic energy device (I.e., blackjacks,
baton, stun gun or the standard firearm) and would be completely ineffective
I
without the electrical output. The energy of the T ASE R dart is so small they
can hardly be plotted (two (2) foot-pounds which is 1/3 of the six (6) ft.-Ibs_
,
considered to be the lower boundary of possibly dangerous energy levels).
T'he T ASER's contactors will not cause any damage to a window pane when fired
from three (3) feet, When ~ired at point blank range at the bare chest of a
man, the result was that the contactor did not penetrate the body. The
con,tactor stopped at the blunt nose; only the 1/4-inch small needle penetrated
.'
the skin.
,-
.
.
.'
In conclusion, ballistically, the TASER is not deadly, and in fact, is far ,less
dangerous than a spring-activated BS gun. The chances of Inflicting a serious
11
wound are almost zero. T~e force of impact is 50 small (about equal to being
struck by a ping pong ball) t~at t~ere is no c~ance of its knocking a person
down.
Electrical Output of t~e TASER
The TASER delivers non-lethal electrical current to a subject t~roug~ fine
Insullted wires t~at are coiled and housed wit~in the cassette and trlil be~ind
the contactors IS' t~ey are pulled from the cassette. The wires remain attac~ed
to the pow~r
(approx ,.
to the subject.
.,.nerate. the small amount of electrical power
i !>mall Chri.tma. tr.. bulb) w~ich i. delive"ed
. .
'. ,
A common misunderstanding about electricity ,.elates to voltage. Many indi-
viduals automatically associate ~ign voltage with "deadly," or "dangerous. "
T~is is because t~e individual unconsciously associates hig~ voltage wit~ power
I
lines and lightning storms, t~e most frequently observed or reported sources of
.
~ig~ voltages. T~e danger from nig~ voltage is tne "staying power," a sus.
tained period of ~ign voltage, or t~e capability of delivering billions of watts
for a very snort periOd (ligntning). Botn would most likely be fatal.
However, tne T ASE R 's power is delivered by small batteries, the type ,.":oed in
.
..
portable radios, etc. Tneir output is normally 8 watts at 7.5 volts. T~is tin~
amount of electrical power is converted to a nig~e,. volta.ge .fo,. t~e output, but
in the process (due to inefficiencies in batteries) the powe" loss ,.esults in the
powe,. output of only 3 watts which il . v.,.y lIMit amount indeed.
12
Over the years, many tests have been conducted on men and women in which
electrical currents have been transmitted from one hand to the other across the
chest to determine the dangerous levels in terms of a person being "frozen" by
the electrical current. (These a,.. known as "Can't let Go" tests.)
These tests employed direct current (DC) source. and alt~rnating currents
(AC) in which the current was continuous for the duration of the, test~ which
usually lasted several seconds. Typical results -- the "average" man is frozen
at a current level of .016 ampere.; a few went .. high as--.024 amps.. Steady
.tate current up to approximately .030 amp. a,.. considered safe but those at
.
.-10 amps or higher are considered potentially dangerous. Medica. 'te.ts investi-
gating heart fibrillation, which is the only cause of death from electrical shocks
of low power, have shown that the "time-duration" of the current passage near
the heart was directly related to the induction, or lack of induction, of
fibri lIation.
The most important directly related evidence of the non-lethal nature of the
T ASE R comes from studies of the electrified cattle fence. Electr;c fences in one
,
form or another have been in use in the U.S. since the 19205. In the early
da~'s there were reports of fatalities. As a result, in the late 1930s, extensive
investigations and testing was conducted (lasting '3\ years) which culmi"C1ted in
the publishing of specifications to be observed when dealing with electrical
fences and devices. These specifications deal with the amount of current
(amps) as it relates to the time span (seconds) of that current.
. .
.'
Today there are millions of pulsed electrical fences in the U.S. and they are
considered compl.tely safe to humans (including children) and animals. The
13
."':1 r~,
~...
TO""
.'
key to their and the TASER's safety is the metering of the electrical energy in
pulse, and its duration. The T ASER's electrical output is metered and its
duration controfled, according to the same specifications and standards applied
to .Iectrical fences. In fact the TASER oper.tes .t . level 100 times below the
I.fe level defined by the specific.tion.
Cop fir~ in defense----
Slt . --f'
,",_'~ :1I1J:f.gUII 5.~_
knife-wielder'
r:
RAGONESE slid that as .r;.
the woman, who lis I) IlJe"ed.
Iy wielded a table leg ~'as 0
slashing at the vegetabl~~. 10 ~
cUstom~rs and empl/')yes in. ~
side the fnlit stand wcre
trying to inch their way out l:-
to safety. It
Ragonese, a highly decor. e
ated cop trained in nc\'l:Y :"
established procedllres for
cOPing with ~ple who N
appear to be emotionally dis. -N
turbed, backed out of the ~
fruit stand to get the stun ~
gun-but not beton' the u:
woman spotted him. R
"She followed me out." he at
said. "She was about 10 fef:'t ""I
behind me. J told her to drop'
the' knife; J told her th,"ee
times."
Ragone5e said thlt when
the woman ,ot within four
feet of him, she raiMed the
bite . above . ber bNd. "She
mtend-!, ~ atab IDe With it,"
,.,'MaJ4; .... .
-. 'Ragones~ irabbeci' the
- stUD 1Un-.hteb sboots two
smaIl darts carrying. power-
ful- eJeetrle-curreaa.-..anct
tired it twiee,.... " ." 1
-. .- Th. ;woma, . aut 45
~.~ old.~.'J.f"" aDd 180
. ~. ~ndI...... I'IIICh4vcI barm-
;:' :Ita by the darta, POIJce IIid.
',.8M wu ta1rea ....Metropol..
,.>4taD.Ho.pitaJ........... ....
.. ..1lded in IoocI eondlUaa.
.~. ;~".:~~ ',:;.' .... ,
---.-.,
.....--. -. -._......_-~. -.,-
..:'I !;i
the shotgun slaYing of
Eleanor Bumpurs, 66, during
a botched. eviction at her
Bronl( apartment Oct. 29.
Bumpurs was shot by an
EmerSency Service officer
allegedly -as she lunged at
police (,.iith a knife.
Yesterday'. incident
occurred about 2:30 a.m. at
Third Ave. near 31st St
Offic(r P~uJ Ragonese said
that when be and his Partner,
Anthc.ny Mqiaracina, re-
spondf!'d to what aPPeared to
be a commotion at I fruit
stand, he "weat in and saw a
.1-;
By THOMAS RAFTERY
and JAMES HARNEY
An Emergency Service
officer used an electronic
stun gun yesterday to im-
mobilize a woman who
threatened to attack him with
a 14'llJch knife on a midtown
street, police said.
It was the latest in a series
of confrontations in which
pOlice have successfully'
used the 5O.()()()..voIt stun gun
The city equipped Emergen:
. cy Service officers with 50 of
the devices in March alter
~. ...._ '-.i.
..
"
"i ~
'.,!~
. female hacking at vegetables
with a knife."
Most Frequently Asked Questions Concerning the T ASER
1. Does the T ASER affect the heart?
The TASER's output is wen below the I.vel established as safe by the
fede,.al and state gov.rnments in approving such devices as the elect,.ified
cattl. fence. The fun output of the TASER has been passed through the
.
hea,.t of . one-pound Rhesus monkey with no harmful effects.
...: j , ~ .""
2. WHI the TASER damage a ca,.diae pacemak.~? ._.
,ill. ,
4 ,
No. Any mode,.n pacemake~ is designed to withstand electrical defibrillato"
pulses which a,.e hundreds of times stronger than the output of the
T ASER. To satisfy members of the California State Assembly, members of
the Sutter Memorial Hospital (Sacramento) cardiology staff sponsored an
actual test at~ the Cordis Medical Lab in FI....da which verified that the
T AS E R wi II not damage a pacema ker.
3. Will the TASER electrocute someone standing in water?
No. The output is meter1!d by the electronics and the electrical ene! gy in
..
each pulse is al,,'ays the same regardless of the target conditions. The
elect,.ical output will not be transfer,.ed from one person to anothe,.' even if
they touch.
15
4. Isnlt high voltage lethal'?
High voltage in itself is not dangerous. One can receive a 25,000 volt
shock from a door knob on a dry day, without harm. The physiological
effect of electric ihocks is determined by the current and _ Its duration,
and it Is the power source behind the shock that determines these factors.
The typical household current of 110 volts is dangerous because it can
pump many' amperes of current through the body indefinitely. By
contrast, the TASER powe,. supply consists of- small batteries like those
used in poc.ket calculators that a,.. capable. of supplying only . few watts
o
, ,
of electrical powe;. for a few minutes. The output of the TASER is 3
watts -- the same as that of a small indoor Christmas tree bulb.
5. How can the T ASER be so effective and non-injurious?
The T ASE R does not depend upon impact or body penetration to achieve
its effect.
Its pulsating electrical output causes involuntary muscle
contractions and a resulting .Ioss of balance. However,' the T ASE R is
non-destructive to nerves, muscles and other body elements. It simply
uses them in their natural mode.
6. How the contactor5 work'?
The contactors pull the two fine conducting wires from a cassette and
attach to clothing by means of small needle-like barbs. Once attached, the
TASER's current jumps from the contactors to the body.- even through
clothing.
16
7. Can the T ASER darts penetrate the body?
No. At most ~only the \-inch needle point wiJI penetrate the skin. The
darts have less energy than a Ipring-pl"Opelled BB and will not even
damage. awindowp.ne or penetrate heavy cardboard. :
-:,.#tef-:f' I' ~ '.
;l;~e
1 .
8.
whal~~~~~.. eye injury?
;. ~" ~")M~} ~- ,;-~ ~
~"'~ "
0ua! i
',,", . t."
'"l ..~t-.,,", 0; -. '". ',t~' ~ } "
o.
It il,.. em,f.hasized in the inltr"ctions which accompany the T ASER that it
;';';." ,...LC ~,!-'~ -',~-;~"i! ^"'~''';'.::"i"..', ,~~
Ihould be aimed at the attacker'l chest or back. This is because it is
'U~I'SJ t4 . " ('I>~~ r^,:-...~:_ .r"'~':-;~"'*" .;,r_,;__""!~':9.Z.
necessary for both small darts to hit some part of the body 'in order to be
,
effective (the torso being the largest part of the body). The chances of a
dart hitting the eye are extremely remote. Naturally putting any sharp
,',_;1~1, .
object into an eye -- whether itls a dart or a lollipop stick -- is not going
to do the eye an~' good.
9. Can the T ASER be modified to become lethal?
No, not without destroying the unit.
10. What about aftereffects?
'.- .",~ >'~
A per~~n who has been Tas.red will feel .(fazed fo,. some minutes afterward
and will not feel like resuming the attack, but there is no permanent or
.,::~;,~
10n~~te~P.' aftereffect.
, ,-.~ .
rwo{";.
l~ ,~t .j:"
17
..
11. Is the TASER an effective weapon for criminals?
No, because of its limitations. The TASER is effective only up to 1S feet.
The contactors cannot penetrate doors or windows. It leaves behind a
healthy witness who can identify the criminal. For these reasons the
TASER is unlikely to become a significant criminal weapon and as criminals
become aware of the T ASER's limitations, they will lose interest in it.
12. Must the darts penetrate the body for the TAS~R to be effective?
C?'"',ty......"
.-,
, ,
No. Both contactors must only contact and stay in the clothing. The
..
electrical current will "jump" 1\ inches, therefore penetrating even the
thickest of clothing (even a rubber wet suit).
Police subdue berserk man
..
,
A man suspected of being under
the influence of pcp waa subdued
with an electronic Taaer gun
Wednesday night in Pomona after
breaking into. an apartment and
chasing people around with a
machete, police reported.
The 1IWl, identifiecl u Angel
Frank Castaneda, 2IS, was treated
at Pomona Valley Community
Hospital before being taken under
police guard to the Los Angeles
County jail. where he was booked
on suspicion 0( assault with a .
deadly .eapon.
Police gave this account:
Officers went to an apartment
building at 1111 E. Seventh St.
Ihortly after 7 p.m. to invelItigate
reporta 0( IWIShots and a penon
IhoL InItead. they found euten.
. cia lylog unconIdoua below a
I8CIIIIdoftoor balcony IUI'I'OUDCIed
blaDlU1meDt buildinI....dentL
When paramedics arrived ..
beaan eUminJnI him, he beeame
viOlent and five offtcen wen
unable to subdue him. Finally, .
T.... gun ... UIed to immobilize
hiQ1 aod be ... takeD into C'UIto-
dy.
Police were told that Casteneda
had broken an apartment window,
climbed inside and chased the
occupants out with a machete. He
also leaped on the roof of a
parked car and cut the vehicle's
hood with the machete, witnesses
said. After one 'resident was able
to grab the weapon and throw it
away. Casteneda climbed to the
second-Ooor balcony and jwnped
off, knocking himself .QJ1conscious.
officers were told.
It
18
e...~ - --- - -
-
.- --
JdU.l..oIll":1.'('I~ <;"d~""": .-'"\ c::rfI'6.
n'" ..
-
~ ~:, ~,;,.;~ ,~;.-;-~.. . . ' - -
., ~,_..,.. ~....' ~ ~W.- ~...
..~,; ?~+-"l'...t" "~ ~. .~1" .ot-.:.' . -:-~,~~~-" .; '. . ,-
.~\,i"'_"" .',., , . .~ ..~-- ""-',< -.' :--~~-..,
,aJ : ',' ':~..: ". l I ," ~ ~ .:.:.. r'" .- ~ '
. )......~~_..'.. ...~.....~ ,_ ". ..'7 ..... 'J'_'~" .I " ",-'~"'-.-
tl "";"'-" ',r ','.: ,.... .' ",:-;.' ...: ;; ". ,".... ' ..
,C . -' . ..:.;....:i~-.. .,.... ': ".-> '. .'l" ~ . :'.ri ;::~ ; , ,'.1 ·
'i o"JE ~'- ~'~..l....~~~ ..' ~. "', .~. - ~-.' ~ - <.' ',' )' l.":.-i
i' " FFRY co~cr, ....... -,.. ., .........:.. .... .':. \ .... ~ .. /'1 ,
Police arri\'e at the . -0 Staff Wri~r L -.., '11&..;.... .-
! seemi I,.... 5<:,e:1e of . "-!Prl on the n'ir' p' .......'i.,c_.__.' . . .
r mg.) ua.tf.;:razed m a :.cuifle to fi.... '~an b .. .' j(. 'In"~ 1.176. \~,.".. . - - .~.., ,':,'.;nr.,;;.
A .an. "u a krufe-wield' e ....5.(''] ... 'W" . " ...t.;"('.'lr",,' . \,.' .
t rrest; on an officer, but bet .nit. One 'cpt;O!. :~ ~u ';,......,ij.':;. .. '. .I', ,.;.l'~~:a ~'cr:~r
of ~lel'trlclt\. 'rom 0 ore ht can strike t..... ma' shout, With t_., " . ...' ...r ;.n'.; .'U-' ~ '1"\" '
11 I . r. ne of ..' . 'Ill:" n ~ hJt, ....lJ ....m..e.l ~ ~ I "" 0' ~...:.un . ...
.f'na: .the non-iethaj'" ..le r.eW'est w~apons in I' f) elet'triri:v '-"Ill .~' rpnr')l..;~~trl~~r.'!~ .~.'.' lr. a~~~1i:C;.i
i T. ~ asscuIant drops ,,-,- .aser aW' electrical ,.~- p~:, thrlu:::- ~'lres ~/)....:.. ..... .,~~ $I'lt::e ~'l 'J:'
undo Sh rtI 11.13 weapon his I . . d."m "1~. i..'1.m '. l' - ....;l.:~..d . \... VL ,.
Ime '!ereff:~. y thereafter. he';; q~ietj}'~~ buckle and :te :=.~\~.a:lal~: ,,'h(l \\!l! !/Jo;(: ':'b.,;.~.:3:S_1.' mU:;':;e :J~~;~~.~::.rol;~:i'
...ld Y , , ....y ..,thouI iJ' .0 t... .""'"~, . ... ,..~ j"p Ius '" '.L''';'"O'
.. . ?U re, the officer) sa( . aled but ~a\'t.cl fr.m.:u . 3pr:.. W,H!e '
....__ I ;,,~:;;:~ ~r~i~;:Ob ,;. .~:;:~::::::~ ~ ..~;::;~~;'=;':.~ ~ :.~"....".nt ,,;;ri-s, :he,.,.".,,, co,
, ~. nc:bodY lill.. .. .....ur ,". .... DOn e lhe an" .... ' .. " <ect"", .....
etrofZaP!.Electric gun S..1fl
.OCAL NEWS By Jetfr8Y Brody chile .:
,. ORIAL 'AGES The Reg.... ,~ .. out 01
1'a~e'
'ART II t "You',. llOing.o b.ve to ki11 me '0 take me." ,be ., Rille<
300-pound man said. He leaned against a fence with "0'
a .n-caliber pistol by his side. The police officers Cove
lifted their weapons, but the man did not budge. kill e
He had just gunned down his ex-girlfriend's lover. expl
And he had already told police he was heartbroken. T}l
and willing to die. are
There seemed to be no non-viole,nt way to break . .... net"
the standoff. '.. - per;
The officers clutched their weapons. The suspect drot
clutched his. Then one policeman brought out a 9- T
, fared to be a small nashlight.-s.. .:.......1' .. . hel
',Irts shot out. The suspect .- . .,...............,: C
d. his bodY jolted with 50,000 ".:,", ~Sh' ~oc-~ku':''': de' ;':V-,b.U(1
\ By the time he regained his . '. .
\ 5Ubdued.
! rought down by a nashlight? The Ta..r .Iectrlc gu
. \ hhght" was an electric stun S U bd ·
weapon. It would be agalOsl slate la\\ to ;>on powerful enough to immcrf wOerapo8 n8U.,n,' But wh ues In r
carr\' a hidden Taser \
BOb Lavender. president ofTaser Prod- .' . C
U.1s tol< .,".. tbattbe w.apo" .ce earher tbls montb" O.k. Altbougb tbe Too '''ecll".1 olfi,,,, ar Ih
bec~use Offl.ce"'-~~r"^ .__.-i the shOOtinll SUSl)ethcet RetumoftheJedi," ~~dd a "laser" to subdue a e ~e\'
S zap tor Jack Cover ofl ar enGeorgeSumrltr n unru
~rr;Eml:m~l .dEal market since 1975. !he taser fires a dart ' .
police department delivers an elt'Ctricoll trailing a
commAlSOit suspect w.th across the nation rE'(,f'nt'~. was Iht. IIrsf 110:0 theh tar~
I land The 63-year-old maximum securil\' . ri!l t' II <I!' t
_.Iet ... "n el<<lm wel lhough be ..Ii.,.... /h . on on East
H T medi' I ~s been used II
Wi.:~ electric gun as erg u njt;~~:!f.:
~= 5. =~:-:"I/~rs_anJ non.letha"I'-:?:~:a?:'
_.11 SIlO"" sion in shot fro::C: into custody last week wi ~ . struck an of!
~ TIle T..... ........ge ....poo _ . S..",...,. -... ...,
state Ct,I Voit'. St_1J" bf' . unbroken. -
.. .... tile maul II .as Ihe first lime ..... · r.. ..a"on cell. Su;
11 wea1JOft. ...;: :::i';h~~b .=yzes its tarlet~h:~d the lun. :~i~~~~h:~ ;;'~t!n Jnhn Cnver In_nted IIw ta a skin search.
. . _ 0I~... ...' .. 8 ......... ............. ..,. ,-- . . ..... ... I. .... -
~ UMJS3.1 n~.+' 'Clllhduft~ SUS-D~". e ct ~~I~:=!!b~~.a~ ~ ~~~Su:~/
r: ~ II lrea. wh ' the need rar at bHn hurt.
ft'e . hand.un.ll second degm
a marvel at puttin~
.:lAy. ..y 231"
W L-d !:mi a !'I"!I!'~ l'l'UM.
, ".~it:nll v",,,: Ail'tln. ;1. II'
and lhr "~ frnm a rar.llr "r
~~1
'v~ Aa~~"'~ mm!1f'~ :011 'uJ'l
.\ Hlf' ;,ounll 1TIi" had hl'('r
T. or 11:111"; ~:. i1\d OC~i"
,,, w:th Ol'lt!' mrm",,'C ., ..-
r gives House panel
on T aser gun effects
1cer Roy
Ilis arms
!lectricity
p. and he
uicltly Bot
d wOouly
Attention Law Enforcement Users
Some of the Police Special Models feature a trigger bar that automatically stays
down when depressed. This means the electricity is deliv.red and the pulsing
sound is heard even when the user releases the trigge,. b.... This f.ature WIS
.dded to defeat the "squeeze-rel.ase" reaction of most Pf)tice officers. In the
plSt, this release reaction has resulted in delivery 0" contactors but no
.Iectricity to the suspect.
To turn off ,.~.,:r ASER with this f.atur., the us.r should;c.nt.r t:h. trigg.r
bar by layingth.',tt:lumb across the whit. trigger b.r .ni~ilft~ltar:'~uSly .cross
the gray housing just forward of the trigg,r bar. ThiS,!5".~p~!vent .ccld.",\.1 .
discharge of the second cartridge. But care must be e)(.rcf~ed not to pr.ss too
hard, since this can carry the trigger bar through center; to the opposite side
firing the other cartridge. With a little practice, the user will quickly get the
feel of the trigger bar operation'.
WEMON FROM CITY OF INDUSTRY
Taser 'Tames' Pl'isoners
MOUNDSVILLE. W.Va. -"It'. absolutely tbe IDOIt
lAP) - A good shot of humane weapon I've ..
about SO.OOO volts wlU used." be aa!d. '''Ib.... ....
make even the most feisty .bIolutely DO after effedL
prisoner genUe u a pussy. No one gets hurt...
cat. says a west V~ Bordenkircber.. DDt alone "You push . button IIld
warden who IlleS . ~ ill his views. accordlaI to two UttJe darts shoot out of
beld device caUed . Tuer Tuer SYlteml. IDe.. of' It that, bave .tw, litU,
&Un to keep InmateI ID City of Indaaatry. CaUf..; .trlng. attached to the
line. .bleh started produeiD.! power pack. and that', it.
west Vlrtlnia Peni....... tbllUIII in 1m. It totaUy lmmobilizet
r'f Warden Donald Borden- EJ.ine Ta,lor. a ....1. JOIL'" ,
kireher t.... tile pIutlc'l. !DIll for the CClIDpIDJ. laid "U ,. line . b1f. ill
; n..bll.ht..iz. ."PO. Frida, tbe devtcet.... now ,.. hand and tr7 to IUack
pluged into . waD 1OCtIt. belnc used by 30lt Ia. en- me and I ... the Taser.
where ita batterJ pICk iI' forcement I,encl.. ..dl you caano& mov.... tilt
dIarIed with eledrldtJ. --."..... 'uid.
It IhootI darts. connec:ted nine prI_ .road the
10 wins. that cleUver. coantrJ, 1acladIn. '-c:t
1IIocll. deputrnent, ill 1M .....
Bordeat1rc:ber Aid b1I III. NuIwIDe. T..... ..
..... haft ..... It twice. Akron, Ohio. IftlI &be ......
. ... ncent1J ............ cia BiIbn, PatroL :.
10 IUbdue IIIII'IIIJ 4f-"- &lie iald .... tbM I._
Slaee th... the prt.... .... "1lIld. ~
~ bu .... faIrIJ
lid.. be said. .
Bordenk.lrcber ...141 tbe
device is not used In bi8
~ without perml.ssion
him or bls deputy.
28:
SAMPLE DEPARTMENTAL/AGENCY POLICY STATEMENT
CONCERNING THE TASER AND ITS PURPOSE
NOT E :
It is suggested that your agency prepare the
public and the media for the TASER by conducting demon-
strations and presenting factual information. This will
develop' confidence in the TASER and in the fact that your
agency . is doing something extremely positive to reduce
. injuries, '0. subjects and to agency ~~~nnel.
. ,
Purpose/Objective
To familiarize Departmental/Agency Personnel with the (operational) capabilities
of the TASER Electronic Control Device, and to develop and establish proce-
dural guidelines to provide guic1ance, direction and control measures for the use
of the device.
Introduction: Non- Lethal Control Device Defined
,
o Non-lethal control devices are instruments which may be used to restrain,
control and/or subdue.. a violent or potentially violent individual in a
manner designed to minimize the possibility of danger of serious inJ~ry to
both such individual and Departmentall Agency Personnel.
"- ~~ ~,.-:- -: - "-,-. ~ _:~~~
o As is the case with any/.tf 'JiPUcatlori-:' ."cf","':"o~f~rc ~ w;ust "~
. ,,~. - 4" ~_ :~ JiJ~~...h. ,,7~. ~_ _ ~ . 7; ~~;;~:~ ~ft
prudent in the use of this new .'terMtive contrOt ~ cteVn' , wfllU.:.W
.~ ,--~~~~-~ -> ~~~ ~.:~ ~~r:;~~%
Intentional .buse or misuse of this dftice,~.~' . .rded. ...~vq~,
Departmental/Agency Policy/Procedure .nd may be dete~ined to be .
29
violation of both State and/or Federal law and may also result in civil
litigation.
o Officers must keep in mind that even though the TASER has been designed
and det,~mined to be a non-lethal .;cm.trol d.vic., th.re Is no absolute
guara:nt..e that serious injury will not ,result, or occur. Since the TASER
causesco~plet. incapacitation of the.tl'"uromuscular system r.sulting in the
hidivi~~I~s,'loss of balance, there is_ ..~'y.r-present risk of injury from
...- ~'~~f~~.'..'-:
f.llinQ,.."tc~ Th.re is in factn~-j w.!~,~-, technique, or proc.dur. for
subduil'Ot_~ ,violent individual that ,~oe" -;J"Ot involv. some. I~h.rent risk of
injury.~,." ;"
'. .r-ni
Policy Statement
Consistent with this Department/s/Agency's philosophy of using only the mini-
mum amount of force necessar~ to control and lor subdue a violent person( s),
the Department has researched and approved the ,!Jse of the TASER Electronic
..
Control Device within the specific provisions of established Policy/Procedure
contained herein.
General Considerations
The T ASER is a non-lethal control device which is designed to temporarily
immobilize and subdue a violent person. The TASER device does not depend
upon the use of physical force to achieve its effectivenus 'but instead utilizes
and g.n.rates a metered .Iectronic pulsect c.CE~rrent through and with the use of
.ither two (2) small contactors (projectil.s) or a pair of fixed, telescoping
antennae (probes). The TASER operates, ~n the principl. that the myriad of
nerv.s that lace through the body function as an .Iectrical system. These
30
nerves in turn activate and control muscular movement and send messages to
the rest of the body. When the T ASER's electrical current is transferred to
the body, It generates an electrical current that dominates the neuromuscular
system. As a result, the muscles In the body Involuntarily contract causing
the Individual to lose balance and sense of coordinated movement, thereby
resulting In immediate incapacitation and immobilization.
When used with the contactor., the TASER Is COf'tsidered to be a "fjrearm~
since It projects the contactors through the u.. and discharge of a gunpowder
charge. When used with the probe/antenn.. attachment, it may not be defined
.
a. or considered to be a "firearm." (Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco . Firearms
decision pending.)
Procedure
The T ASE R may be used to I restrain, control and/or subdue a violent or
.
potentially violent individual when an officer reasonably believes that the fol-
lowing conditions exist:
,
o The use/application of lethal force does not appear to be justifiable and/or
necessary.
o Attempts to subdue or control the individual through the use of conven-
tiona' tactics (i.e., verbalization, firm grip control, pain compliance holds,
control holds and/or self-defense techniques) have been or are and will
likely be ineffective in the ..situatiori. at hand.
.'
31
o There is reasonable expectation that it will be unsafe and dangerous for
officers or personnel to approach to within physical contact distance of the
individual.
NOTE: Supervisors must emphasize that the mere threat of
violence by an individual does not in and of itself neces-
sarily justify the use of force or the application of such
non~lethal device. The threat must be a rea' and credible
one.
"
..
"
"':=.:r .;.;,
'" \.
Specific Operational Guidelines (refer to Bulletin attached)
o Use of the TASER with contactors:
Use of the T ASER device utilizing the contactors is authorized within the
following specific situations;circumstances:
o Use of the TASER with Probe-Pak attachment:
The use of the TASER device utilizing the Probe-Pak attachment will be
authorized within the following specific situations/circumstances:
Authorization of Use
Genera' Considerations:
"
.'
Only those officers/personnel trained and certified in the use of the T ASER will
be and are authorized to use the device. 'Supervisors shan generally and
.'
normally delegate the use of the TASER to an officer trained In its use;
.'
32
however, if the tactical situation dictates, supervisors shall employ the device
themselves.
SDecia' Considerltions
Use of the Taser with contactor.
Use of the Taser with Probe-Pak attachment
Reoor"'t Procedure
General Considerations
, ,
Supervisors will ensur. that a full Incident Report Is completed and submitted
for each incident in which the Taser is used. Any incident which involves the
use of the Taser device is required to be accompanied by an Incident Report.
.. This report will be used to evaluate the device and to review and explain the
incident. Supervisory person'nel using the Taser shall complete an Incident
Report with the exception of that portio,:" of the report desig.nated for Super-
visor's Investigation.
A different Supervisory employee will complete the
"
particular section of the report.
Specific Considerations
Use of the Taser with confactors
..
Use of the Taser with Probe-Pak attachment
.'
33 .
General Considerations
Medical Treatment Guidelines
Officers are required in all cases to obtain appropriate medical treatment for
individuals when the darts are imbedded in the individual's skin.
Whenever practical, only authorized medical personnel may remove contactors
imbedded in the suspect's skin.
Training and Certification Requirements
, Storage and Maintenance of Taser and Equipment
Conclusion
, ,
It is important to recognize and understand that the Taser is only an additional
tool to assist officers in the performance of their duties. It is also important to
understand and assume that no device or technique is effective 100 per cent of
the time. The T aser device is no exception.
Despair Fails
to aaim a Life
Crying. .., em not bl.ck. I'm.
humin being." .nd saving he
coukI not find. Job. R.ymond
Gillard. 30, of Norttt Hollywood
thr..teNd for 2 \.i hours to jump
from the eighth-ttory ""'" of the
Nort" Hollywood How.rd
JoMIon', motet. Aft...,.,....
from ,et"Me f.iMd. police SGt.
Jerry Gilbert electric.11y Itunned
GlIIwrdwit... T.....""'.Ibove.
GlIIerd fel beck. top right. IncI
offars IncI fIr.,.tght., quietly
IUbdued him. right. GIIlerd._
t.llIn to county ment.1 flCillty 1ft
VI" Nuys fo, obs.rv.tion.
~"al;. .,....." _'
~.......-.......... -......- ...-.
.. .......---
34
Police Departments & Other Facilities
Currently Using of Testing the Taser
Akron Police Department, Akron, Ohio
Alameda County Sheriff's Department, Alaft!eda, California
-;$:;..,
State of Alaska, Division of Corrections, Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
"
City of Alliance Police Department, Alliane" Ohio
. , . . ,. :l'
Amtrak PoIice~ ~epartment, Los Angeles, Cetiforn..-e0612
'c' ", .~.' ': .:,.;..
BekersfieldP~nc.Depertment, Bakersfteld'~~ 'Cel~ia 93301
. "'\ "",~..
Beloit Police'Dep.rtment, Beloit, Wisconsin'l ~S351_
Town of Bennington Police Depertment, Be~~in~, Vermont 05201
Beverly Hills Police Department, Bev.rly Hilts, CaJjfornia 90210
City of Birmingham Polic. D.partm.nt, Birmingham, Alabama
Boston Police, Boston, Massachusetts
Boyd County Jail, Cattlesburg,' Kentucky
Brookfield Police Department, Brookfield, Wisconsin 53005
Brunswick Sh.riff's Office, Brunswick, Georgia 35120
Cal Poly University Police Department, Pomona, California 91768'
Calcasieu Parish Sheriff's Office, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601
Canal Fulton Police Department, Cenal.. Fulton, Ohio
Cascade County J,lil, North Great Falls, Montana 59401
Cass County ."sheriff ,. Wal ke,., Mi nnesot. 5~~!4
,.~ .' .'
Ch.rl.s City,Polic. Depertment, Cha,,'es CJlf~ Iowa
~;;~h~;
.~~~I)
.' Charlott.sville Police ~m.nt, Charlo..' 'ill.....:',Virgini. 22902
~""":""i _ --j'; , .'" ...~
~~'::'.~.
~02
A.,,_4~ .
~.,~ ~::..
City of Chilton, Chil~~~,~~~inct~~
, ,i <~-:''-:~~-;;l'~~~~-_~-::;...\' .-,:, __-~;;~~',,;,"'_~
Cincinnati Police Depa;tiifnt, Cinei~n.tfr;:1
":'.1:.,
~_-"-r~
.....
,.~.
" '? J!1 F
/,"',: -
'c;I........'..~.i
~--". "
.~.;;. /' Ai;
'"
"
".'~
'd:.. !fi:;~.
/..;:
d
".' ji;; .
""l....
~'...- ''',. .'
. ,.--.
"iifIj
--..
-,". ,
e-.~.--."' ",
"
"
..
Clark County Sheriff's Department, Athens, Georgia 30603
City of Clearwater Police Department, Clearwater, Florida 33516
Cleveland Police Department, Cleveland, Ohio
Community Correctional Center, New Or'eans, Louisiana 70119
Connor Correctional Institute, Hominy, Oklahoma
Cuyahoga Falls Police Department, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Danbury Police Department, Danbury, Connecticut 06810
De Berry Correctional Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
Dekalb County Sheriff's Department, Dekalb, Georg'a
Department of Campus Safety, Loma LInda University,
. \ \
Loma Linda, California 92354
Department of Florida Highway Patrol, Tallahassee, Florida
City of Dickson Police Department, Dickson, Tennessee
Dravosburg Police Department, Dravosburg, Pennsylvania
City of Duquesne Police Department, Duquesne, Pennsylvania 15'10
Ellensville Police Department, Ellensville, New York:
Elizabeth Township Police Department, Buena Vista, Pennsylvania
,
Elkhart Lake Police Department, Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin 53020
Emeryville Police Department, Emeryville, California
Fort Pillow State Prison, Fort Pillow, Tennessee 38032
Fort Wayne Police Department, Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fountain Valley Police Department, Fountain Valley, California
City of Fremont Police Department, Fremont, California 9.536
Gardena Police Department, Gardena, California
Georgia State Prison, Reidsville, Georgia 30499
Glassport Police Department, Glassport, Pennsylvania 15045
..
36
Glendale Heights Police Department, Glendale Heights, Illinois
Goodlettsville Police Department, Goodlettsville, Tennessee
Borough of Greentree Police Department, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15ZZ0
Grimes County Sheriff's Department, Anderson, Texas n830
Gulfport, Mississippi Police Department, Gulfport, Mississippi 39501
Hart County Sheriff's Department, Gainesville, Georgia 30501
Harison County Constable Precinct '1, Houston, Texas
Joseph Harp Correctional Institute, Lexington, Oklahoma
Hermosa Beach Police Department, Hermosa Beach, CaUfornia
Homestead Police Department, Homestead, Penn.ylva"la _ 15120
HOUlton Airport Police, Houston, TexI. 77205
Indiana Police Department, Indianapolis, Indiana
City of Inglewood Police Department, Inglewood, California 90301 --
frvine Police Department, I rvine, California
Jackson Township Police Department, Massillion, Ohio
City of Jacksonville Police Department, Jacksonville, Florida
Kentucky State Penitentiary, Eddyville, Kentucky
La Marque Police Department, La Marque, Texas 77508
Larchmont Auxiliary Police Department, Larchmont, New York
Latrobe Police Department, Latrobe, Pennsylvania
Lauderdale Lakes Police Department, Lauderdale Lakes, Florida
City of League City Police Department, League City, Texas 77573
Lincoln County Sheriff's Department, Merrill, Wisconsin
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles Police Department, . Los Angeles, California
Luzerne County Sheriff's Department, Luzerne County, Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania
,
37. ( i~ ;,~'f~'
:\..,
Mason County Sheriff's Department, Ludington, Michigan 49431
Memphis Police Department, Memphis, Tennessee 38112
Metropolitan Poliee Department, Nashville, Tenness..
Metropolitan Police Department, Planning Ir Research, Washington, D.C. 20001
Middle Tennessee Mental Health Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
Millcr..k Township Police Department, Erie, Pennsylvania
Milloula County Sheriff, Missoula, Montana 598Q2
.
Mislouri City Police Department, Milsouri City, "exal_' 't7~S9 c.' . ~-,",."
1.- ' ";.. ~ ,'. :,t ~:.~ ..,:'~_"',~~.~_~__,?_ ~,~':-;*;:->-~ ..
Montclair Police Department, MontClalr~c..CA"':91'7,~~"I" ,'-.-:-r: ~T ",/.-,
City of Murray Police Department, Murray, Kentucky'
. \
City of Napa Police Department, Napa, California 94558
Nassau Bay Police Depar~ment, Nassau Bay, Texas 77058
North Dakota State Penitentiary, Bismarck, North Dakota
North Fayett Township Police Department, Oakdale, Pennsylvania 15071
Oakland Police Department, Oakland, California
Oklahoma State Penitentiary, McAlister, Oklahoma
County of Passaic Police Department, Patterson, New Jersey
Peabody, Massachusetts Police Department, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960
Point Maxion Police Department, Masontown, Pennsylvania
Polk County Sheriff, Des Moines, Iowa 50309
Pomona Police Department, Pomona, California
Prince George's County Police, Forestvitte, Maryland 20028
~Ity of Rawlings Police. Department, Rawlings, .Wyoming
. .
Redding Police Department, Redding, California 96001
Redondo Beach Police Department, Redondo Beach, California 90277
San Diego Police Department, San Diego, California 92101
San Mateo County Sheriff'l Department, Redwood City, California 94063
38
.(~
.
. .
San Mateo Police Department, San Mateo, California 94403
Santa Ana Police Department, Santa Ana, California 92701
Santa Clara County Sheriff, San Jose, California 95712
Sheriff's Department, R~dwood City, California 94063.
Sheriff's Detention Facility, Martinez, California 94553
Sheriff's Office, Fulton County, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Shiocton Police Department, shiocton, Wisconsin 54170
Signal Hill Police Department, Signal Hill, California 90506
Silver Lake Police Department, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
snellvllle Police Department, snellville, Georgia
Spring Garden Township Police Department, York, Pennsylvania 17403
" 1
St. Mary's Parish Sheriff's Department, Franklin, Louisiana
Tampa, Florida Sheriff's Department, Tampa, Florida 33605
Taunton Police Department, Taunton, Massachusetts 02780
I
Texas State Tech, Institute Security, Sweetwater, Texas 79556
Topeka Police Department, Topeka, Kansas
Turney Center for Youth, Only, Tennessee 37140 '.
Umatilla Tribal Police Department, Pendleton, Oregon 97801
University of California, Berkeley, Police Department, Berkeley,
California 94720
.
Victoria City Police Department,' Victoria, Texas 77902
.
.
West Mifflin Police Department, Wes~ Mifflin, Pennsylvania 15122
White Township Police. Department, Seaver Falls, Pennsylvania 15010
Whitfield County Sheriff Department, Dalton, G~rgia 30720
Woodruff Police Department, Woodruff, Wisconsin 54S68
39
I
. l
. ~
'<it! O"~!T E> ~o,..n 0:; o.E!!!.Er;-
g :r: ., ~ " 004;: ~ !:" ., ~ ;- en ~ .., ., 3'" 0 ~ 03 0 ~ en g-<
".lj~oo4l11" :r:r:S1ll~~"'''~-~3 :::... E l!; ~~
." " :r -J III (") 0 a c., ... :s 0 ~. _... III - .. III " III., ._
WI 0. 0. iii ~ 3 0 :I jj; ,,'< II> ::: 0. c g E; ::l ~ ~::l 0." III a- I
III..." &"C 11>0- ~:s,,~:r a~
Cio III iiio:S ai &..~lD ::s..~ -+a.~ a."~.;l..~::..,,, %
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