HomeMy WebLinkAbout01-Animal Control
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Animal Shelter
A public hearing before the Mayor and Common Council will
be held Thursday, January 9, 1985, at 6:00 p.m. to discuss the
operation of the Animal Control Department.
Said hearing will be conducted in the Council Chambers of
City Hall, 300 North "D" Street, San Bernardino, California,
where all interested persons may be present and be heard.
Written corr~ents may be submitted to the City Clerk, P. O. Box
1318, San Bernardino, CA. 92402, prior to the hearing.
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ANIMAL RESEARCH PUBLIC HEARING
January 9, 1986
Hearing Format
1. Open Hearing
2. Explain Purpose of Hearing
3. Hearing Format
A. Coin toss to determine which side goes first.
B. After determination, each side will alternate
within thirty minute time frame until all confirmed
presentors have spoken (approx. 3 hours).
C. After scheduled presentors have spoken, individuals
in the audience will be given an opportunity to
present ~ information (approx. 30 min.) .
D. Council should limit questions in the interest of
time.
4. Audience Accommodation
A. Capacity for Council Chambers will be strictly
adhered to as per Fire Code.
B. Overflow seating arrangements: Chairs and a
speaker box will be available in lobby for
overflow.
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3QO NORTH "0" STREET. SAN BERNARDINO. CALIFORNIA 92418
RALPH H, PRINCE
CITY ATTORNEY
January 9, 1985
700.3, 700.61
Hon. Steve Marks, Councilman
Fourth Ward
Re: Conflict of Interest in Research Animal Sales
You have requested legal advice concerning whether a conflict
of interest would result from your participation as a member
of the City Council in deciding whether the sale of research
animals, as authorized in San Bernardino Municipal Code
Chapter 6.24, should be continued as a matter of public
policy.
The agenda of the meeting of the Mayor and Common Council of
the City of San Bernardino set for January 9, 1986, at 6:00
p.m. concerns a public hearing relating to the operation of
the Animal Control Department, and apparently the main
subject of discussion will concern the current practice of
that department selling research animals to accredited
organizations as authorized by San Bernardino Municipal Code
Section 6.24.150 Subsection E and Section 6.24.160. section
6.24.150 Subsection E, entitled "Research animal sales,"
permits the sale of dogs or puppies for research purposes for
fifty dollars, and cats or kittens for thirty dollars.
Section 6.24.160 reads as follows:
"City shall not sell, for research purposes,
any animal to any person or organization not
accreditated by the American Association for
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care."
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The current practice of permitting the sale of animals for
research purposes has been in e~fect as a matter of public
policy pursuant to those sections and subsequent ordinances
for many years. It is our understanding that the practice is
for the Animal Control Department to sell animals for
research purposes by use of a purchase order under the
authority of said sections of the Code. The practice does
not involve individual approval of sales by the City Council.
As you are aware, one councilman is not permitted by law and
has not been authorized to conduct or approve any specific
sale of animals for research purposes.
conflicts of interest by public officers generally occur in
three areas: incompatibility of office, contractual
conflicts of interest under Government Code section 1090, or
the making of a governmental decision in which the officer
has a financial interest under Government Code section 87100.
At the Council meeting of January 9, 1986, individual
contracts of sales of animals for research purposes to any
specific persons or organizations will not be considered,
and, therefore, the issues involving incompatibility of
office and contractual ~onflicts of interest will not be
involved. Likewise, under Government Code Section 87100, no
public official will be making, participating in the making
of a governmental decision in which he or she has a financial
interest. The discussion will relate to the issue of whether
the sale of animals for research purposes should be permitted
as a public policy without relationship to any specific sales
to persons or organizations. As a result of the discussion
and decision made by the Mayor and Common Council at the
meeting, all perspective purchasers would be treated in a
similar manner.
Consequently, it is concluded that the subject matter of the
hearing concerning whether the sale of animals for research
purposes shall be continued does not involve a conflict of
interest on your part even though the decision may involve a
continuance of the policy of sales of animals for research
purposes to organizations accredited under the provisions of
Section 6.24.160, such as the University of California at
Riverside, where you serve as an officer of material
management.
Respectfully submitted,
~~~
RALPH H. PRINCE
City Attorney
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B ERN A ~ DIN 0
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B512-201
TO:
Shauna CI ar.k
FROM:
Paul E. Turner, Director of Animal Control
SUBJECT:
Notification of Public
for Research Purposes
Hearing -
Selling Animals
DATE:
Decembe.... 4, 1985
(654:3 )
COPIES:
Evlyn I~i I cox, Mayor
John Matzer, Jr., City Administrator
Attached is a copy
the date, time and
practice of selling
the City Shelter.
(I f a
the
d 08 s
letter mailed
location (if a
and cats for
this date announcing
pub Ii c heat- i ng on the
research purposes from
Th i s letter yas
tions attached.
mailed to the list of individuals/organiza-
The letter requested ye be notified of those persons wishing
to make a presentation. I yi!1 advise you later in the month
what kind of a response has been received.
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CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO 333 BLOOD BANK ROAD. SAN BERNARDINO. CALIFORNIA 9240B
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL CONTROL PAUL E. TURNER
ANIMAL SHELTER Director
To Whom It May Concern:
As you may know, the City of San Bernardino has for many years made available
some dogs and cats to qualified research institutions. This practice is now
being challenged at the local level. Following a civil disobedience demon-
stration at the city's animal shelter in August, a group of people representing
themselves as "The Last Chance for Animals" addressed our Mayor and City Council
demanding that the city cease selling dogs and cats for research purposes.
After a lengthy discussion, Mayor and Council committed to a public hearing
on the issue. A time and date is now set for this hearing: Thursday,
January 9, 1986 at 6:00 P.M. The hearing will be held in the City Council
Chambers, First Floor, City Hall, 300 North "0" Street, San Bernardino.
Realizing your interest is this matter , this letter will serve as notification
of the hearing and an invitation to offer input. In order to establish guide-
lines for the conduct of the hearing, we ask that we be informed, in advance,
of anyperson(s) wishing to address the council at that time. Depending upon
response, it may be ne~essary to limit, not only the number of speakers, but
also, the length of presentation.
For your convenience, 'we have enclosed' a self-addressed envelope and a'form
which may be complete~ and. returned. Please respond by no later than Friday,
December 20, 1985: If iC'is your desire to offer comment by mail, utilize the
self-addressed envelope.
Sincerely,
PAUL E. TURNER
Director of Animal Control
Encl.
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ORGANIZATIONS/INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING LETTER
Bio-Devices
2118 W. Collins
Orange, CA 92867
997-4502
San Diego VA Medical Center
Research Service 151
3350 La Jolla Drive
',San Diego, CA 92161
619-453-7500 ext 3038
Cedar-Sinai Medical Center
Ennna Lakes, Research Facility Manager'
Helper Building, Room 220
Los Angeles, CA 90048
213-855-4604
USC, Department of Vivaria
HMR- 214
Dr. Blackmore
2011 Zonal
Los Angeles, CA 90033
224-7700
UC Irvine Medical Center
Wayne Kirby
101 City Drive
Orange, CA 92668
634-6071
Dr. Charles Kean
Animal Care Facili~y
School of Medicine
Loma Linda Medical Center D50l
Loma Linda, CA 92354 (8i4-43i6)
American Edwards Laboratories
Biology Lab
Denise Breazea1
17221 Red Hill Avenue
Irvine, CA 92714,
250-2500
Lom~ Linda VA Medical Center
Research Service 151
Ray Quinto
11201 Benton
Loma Linda" CA 92357
825-7084
Harbor UCLA Medical Center
Dr. Baneux
Animal Care Facility, E-2 North
1124 W. Carson
Torrance, CA 90502
213-533-3791
Long Beach VA Medical Center
Research 151
5901 E. 7th Street
Long Beach, CA 90822
213-498-1313
Huntington Medical' Research Inatit~te'
Dr. Agnew
734 Fairmount
Pasadena, CA 91105
818-440-5436
Ms. Joyce Martin
C/O Humane Societv
, 763 W. Highland Avenue
San Bernardino. CA 92405
Mr. Chris DeRose, President
Last Chance for, Animals
9040 Harratt St. #4
Los Angeles. CA 90069
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3017 No. ACACIA AVE.,
SAN IERNARDlNO, CA. 92405,
(714) 886-0124
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11653 VENTURA BLVD., SUllO J>O, '-'.)
TAIlZANA, CA. 91356.
(213) 275-0292
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VIllt f in Direct Action
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for Animal Rigbts!
December 19. 1985
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MAYOR EVLYN WILCOX AND THE COMMON COUNCIL
City of San Bernardino
CITY HALL
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, CA.. 92401
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RE "PUBLIC HEARING - JANUARY 9, 1986 SALE OF UNCLAIMED ANIMALS FOR
RESEARCH
Dear Mayor Wilcox and Council:
We wish to thank you for setting the Public Hearing on the above matter. At the
suggestion of the City Clerk's office we are submitting this letter with attached docu-
mentation. as part of the supporting information to be included with the Agenda.
We sincerely hope that the Council will keep in mind our main purpose; that we are
not discussing the entire vivisection issue and the use of all animals used in research,
but only the issue of selling unclaimed animals from shelters.
Secondly, a City Department such as the Animal Shelter was originally established
to serve the public by, "protecting, defending from danger. immune from seizure
or harm, a sanctuary ..." for their animals, and not sell them for research. The
citizens and residents of this city support this department with their city taxes and
licensing fees. Therefore, the city is obligated to provide "shelter" for their animals
and perform their animal control responsibilities in a manner acceptable to all.
As you are aware, our city shelter has a very widespread negative reputation due in
no small part to the practice of selling animals for research. During our signature
gathering for our Petition, literally hundreds of city residents stated that they
absolutely refuse to take any animal to our shelter. Our citizens and animals have
a right to much better than this.
Making clear the preference for NOT using pound animals in real scientific research.
is the attached documentation from distinguished political, medical, and veterinary
professionals, in addition to statements from universities and federal departments.
These attached documents state:
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, VRB (VETERINARY RESOURCES
BRANCH); the larqest funders of research, they choose not to use
pound animals in their own research. "For humane reasons, VRB tries
not to buy pound doqs which may have been someone's pet."
Continued
",AYOR AND COUNCIL
Re: Research Hearing
December 19, 1985
Page 2
SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY. JULY 29, 1985: "Althouqh requlations
concerninq the use of pound animals are qenerally determined at the
state rather than federal level, support attempts to curtail the use
of these animals for research,"
CALIFORNIA ANIMAL CONTROL DIRECTORS' ASSOCIATION, POSI-
TION STATEMENT: "". we voted by an overwhelminq maiority to
endorse and support ... leqislation which prevents the sale of animals
by shelters for research purposes. When the possibility of shelters
sellinq animals for research is removed, so will many of the problems
for animal control."
UNIV. OF CALIF. AT DAVIS, SCHOOL OF VETERINARIAN MEDICINE,
ASST. PROFESSOR OF SURGERY, DR. NED BUYUKMICHI: "... pound
animals are qenerally inferior ... and can lead to unreliable results ...
other alternatives are satisfactory for teachinq ... (NOT USI NG POUND
ANIMALS WILL LEAD TO) ... only necessary research that is desiqned
to truly better humankind and nonhumankind."
UNIV. OF CALIF. AT DAVIS, SCHOOL OF VETERINARIAN MEDICINE,
INSTRUCTOR, GEORGE LINTON, D.V.M., M.R.C.V.S.: "For reasons
of economy the same doq was used by the same students for a series
of surqeries performed twice a week. Many of the animals... have been
loved and cared for ... it is horrible to contemplate that someone's
pet is qoinq to be SYSTEMATICALLY DISMEMBERED AND MUTILATED
to qive practice to students.
THE BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOCIATION: "... the BVA and the
Royal Colleqe of Veterinary Surqeons were all aqainst it. The idea
of makinq healthy animals sick for purposes of traininq is totally
repuqnant to the profession in this country."
We have also attached the JOHNS HOPKINS "CENTER FOR ALTERNATIVES TO
ANIMAL TESTING" (CAA T) quarterly newsletter which goes into detail regarding the
great strides and advancements currently underway as a result of not using animals.
Also attached is a list of medications which proved to be either disasterous to humans
as a result of animal testing, or were kept from humans for the same reason but later
proved to be quite effective, such as Digitalis! The "Alternatives to Animals in
Research" and the "Question and Answer" sheet have all been part of our information
package which has been distributed throughout the city.
We're sure that you are aware of the new "miracle" cure for cancer which was ann-
ounced a few weeks ago by Dr. Rosenberg of the National Cancer I nstitute. We have
enclosed a follow-up news article headlined, "Cancer Patient Killed By New Treatment'.
The article is self explanatory.
And, finally, we are enclosing a news article regarding Dr. Robert Slutsky, a prolific
cardiac researcher who. in September of this year, resigned and disappeared amid
charges of fraudulent research. As a result of his wide spread published papers over
the years, it is very unfortunate for mankind that Dr. Slutsky had become the "standard"
by which most cardiac research results were measured. Especially at Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center ... by far the largest purchaser of dogs from our city shelter.
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1\, . VOR AND COUNCI L
Re: Research Hearing
December 19. 1985
Page 3
Cedars-Sinai uses our city's dogs primarily for their cardiac research.
fortunate for the hundreds of dogs that experienced pain and suffering
of cardiac research and 'helping mankind' that their deaths were a total
money. and life ... theirs and ours!
It is also un-
in the name
waste of time.
It is our sincere hope that the City Council will come to see ...
. .. that the use of unclaimed pound animals does not advance
medicine nor help mankind;
. .. that by ceasing this practice we would see great improve-
ment in our city's severe. local. animal control problem;
. .. that the purpose for which our city shelter was first
established must be followed. as is owed to the citizens
and residents who support this department; and
. .. that euthanisia by injection for these unclaimed animals is.
by far. the kindest and most humane end for them.
As of this date we have obtained thousands of signatures on our Petition which we will
deliver to both Mayor Wilcox and the Council. on Monday. January 6. 1986.
The Petition states:
"WE BELIEVE THAT a Humane Animal Shelter is where pets are reclaimed
by their owners; placed in homes; or humanely euthanized. We believe
that the residents and animals of the city of San Bernardino can best be
served by the city government by adhering to the purposes for which
the San Bernardino City Animal Shelter was created.
WE. THE UNDERSIGNED. want the San Bernardino City Animal Shelter
to stop selling animals for any and all research purposes."
Thank you very much.
Sincerely.
LAST CHA~~ FtJ ANIMALS
~~~-
Mr. Chris DeRose
President
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Enclosures
11653 VINTURA aLVD., 5um ~,
TARZANA, CA. 91356,
(213) 275-0292
30S7 No. ACACIA AVI..
SAN SIRNARDINO. CA. 92405.
(714) U6-0124
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United in Direct Action
for Animal Rights!
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January 6. 1986
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CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
City Hall
300 North "0" Street
San Bernardi,no. CA. 92401
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A TTN: MA YOR EVLYN WI LCOX
THE COMMON COUNCIL
CITY ADMINISTRATOR
RE: ENCLOSED PETITION OF 7708 SIGNATURES FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO
CITY ANIMAL SHELTER TO STOP SELLING ANIMALS FOR ANY AND ALL
RESEARCH PURPOSES.
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Dear Mayor Wilcox. Council. and City Administrator:
Last Chance for Animals is proud to present the enclosed Petition which contains
a grand total of 7708 signatures certifying the following:
"WE BELIEVE THAT a Humane Animal Shelter is where pets are
reclaimed by their owners; placed in homes; or humanely euth-
ani zed . We believe that the residents and animals of the city
of San Bernardino can best be served by the city government
by adhering to the purposes for which the San Bernardino City
Animal Shelter was created.
WE. THE UNDERSIGNED. want the San. Bernardino City Animal
Shelter to stop selling animals for any and all research purposes."
The Petition inciudes 3501 Contractee City Residents signatures; 3146 San
Bernardino City Residents signatures; and 1061 signatures from County areas
and other areas; all of who's animals are brouqht to the San Bernardino City
Animal Shelter by Animal Control Officers. other citizens. or as the 'overload'
from the new San Bernardino County Animal Shelter. Each and every signator
agrees that they have a voice in the disposition of their animals if there is the
slightest chance their animal would be 'sheltered' at our city facility.
These signatures were gathered on week-ends, from November 2. 1985 through
December 29. 1985 ... (less December 21) ... over a period of just fifteen days.
or H weekends. We are quite certain that had time permitted we would have
easily gathered thousands of additional signatures.
Continued ...
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Research Petition
January 6. 1986
Page 2
During our signature gathering we found that the majority of the signers did so
without the least bit of hesitation and indicated their pleasure at finally seeing
this issue addressed. Approximately 2500 complaints were received regarding
our city animal shelter. with the majority stating that they absolutely refuse to
take any animal. under any condition. to our shelter.
As stated by Councilman Ralph Hernandez on October 7. 1985. when we were
last in front of the council. he said he hadn't noticed a "groundswell of interest"
in this subject. and that he didn't really feel that the people of San Bernardino
really wanted this practice discontinued. However. Councilman Hernandez also
stated that If we could show him otherwise. then he would have no choice but to
represent the wishes of those people.
We are most proud to present to you this indication that .tl;le citizens of San Ber-
nardino and' the cities that contract with our Animal Shelter. truly DO care
about this issue. and have wanted to see it discontinued for quite some time.
In the event that the Council should elect to continue this most inhumane practice.
Last Chance for Animals wishes to make it clear that we will not hesitate to take
the issue to referendum by gathering the required number of registered voters
signatures (15% of registered voters during the last mayorial election).
Thank you very much.
Sincerely.
LAST CHANCE FOR ANIMALS
CJ.wi., ~
Chris DeRose
President
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Enclosure: Petition
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11653' VENTURA BLVD., 5UITF "6,
TAR%ANA. CA. 91356,
(213) 275-0292
Unit" J in Direct Action
3081 No. ACACIA AVE.,
SAN BERNARDINO, CA. 92405,
(714) 886-0124
[or Animal Rights!
"
TO:
The City of San Bernardino
January 6_ 1986
"WE BELIEVE THAT a Humane Animal
Shelter is vvhere pets are reclaimed by
thei,- ovvners; placed in homes; or
hurnanely euthanized _ We believe that
the residents and animals of the city
of San Bernardino can best be served
by the city government by adhering
to the purposes for vvhich the San
Bernardino City Animal Shelter vvas
created _
WE_ THE UNDERSIGNED_ vvant the San
Bernardino City Animal
selling animals for any
purposes. ..
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Shelter
and all
to sto p
research
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City Residents
Contractee's (Rialto_
Colton _ Redlands_
Lorna Li nda )
County/Other
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3501
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TOTAL SIGNATURES
Signed:
San Bernardino City/<=ounty Residents
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CENrER FOR ALTERNATIVES TO
ANIMAL TESTING
THE SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
VoL /. ~~o, 2
Winter 1984
Progress Report~"f~~" '>~$.;"'j:,.
eAAT Research Takes Major'Strides
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In This Issue
page
LiverCe\ls Used in Tests .......................,...... ..,..3
U.s. Government Weighs Alternative Tests"." "",,7
CAAT Symposium ....................,.....,..............,.... .. 7
CAAT Scientists Address British Symposium.. ....", ,..'" 6
Europeans Adopt CAATConcept.......,........,..,..,.... ,..,2
Peer-Review Grant Process'.,......,..,.,..,....""",."" ,,6
Regular Features:
From the Director .......,.............,...............,.., ,.. 2
Datebook ...... ..,....,..,.........................,............,.. 7
From the Literature ",.........................",.......,..."..8
l'riends of the Center ..,...............,....,..,........ ,,8
From the Director
It ,\',i\',"; 111\' }~I(',lt P\c,",UII' III Sh,llT with YOt1IH'\\'<'; \If till'
,('nl"1 '" Ill.linr ,l\ {'(l'J\!,li"hllWllls during Iq~J. "111(' pn'gr('~s
.d Ill" l 1'1111'1 II' d,llt' i... lPll<;idt'r.lbly \l('ynlld wh.lll h.ld
111'1""(
lillIif' lil';1 ill~t.llllJlf'l1t (If ,1 IW<'-P,11 I pnlgrt'SS 1'('1'1111 ill
.llI' It''\vc:II'IIl'r, SI('plwll l'l1'~h ,lilt! ^ri;llw 1'('111(1!l dcqrilw
r (",Iii,,; Ilf Ill(' fil ';1 )'('.H {If till' lTlll('r's !TS(',ll"( h pr(l)~r,lIn
I h.o", 11'.;(111<; Ch..llly d{'llltlllsILlll' thl' impo, I,met' (If b,l<;i,
"",(',11,11, ill I h,ll il giv('s us till' oppl1l'1 unit y to dt'V't'hll' !H'W
1'11'11", hI"!' ily II'sls hy pr\l\'iding .11ll'ltf'r 11IllJf'rsl,llHlillg of
110\'. ,I1I'll\i( ,11<; "ffl'd tl1(' l\pdy's'c('lls.
III ,'!I'1.llt'd ,1lIit'1E'. I ),l\'idllllJln,lS rq1ill'ts 011 fuur l(,IlI{']'-
"'I 'l '11"1 q 1'111 f";~',lJ ('11 111 (ljl'l 's plTSI'lltl'd ,11 ,1 sYlllposiullI ill
nld,'" i\S Illl.lil(,d lh.ll ';Ylllptlsiulll,1 \V.1S illlpn's"l'd hv
tl1l' i!1I")~I,lti\'l' n,lllll'{' tlf 11H' {{,Ilkr's pl'tlgr.l11l, 'Ill(' \vlltlll'
i'. Illl1l II )',It'.lll'l' 111.lllIIl!' "11111 of Ill(' illdividll.ll ('(1111\1(1
tll'lll'; Ill{' I" {"it'Il!.11 i\lllS dl'llwllStl,lt!'d th.lt invest i}'.,lltll'-
illili,llnl,I'('(T IrVit'\vI'd ~lllljl'ds ,ln' the ll('st v('hirJt.s fpr
,1I hil'viI11', I"slllls, ('\'('11 in.1 )',Il,ll PI i('llled prtlgl,llll sluh
,)';"111';
1\l\1,;t i11l1111l1.11ltly, l('lIlt'l- SUJlII(lrl('d s{"it'lltisls .In' \'('-
)',il\llilll', to 1'lIhlish their I ('''lilts ill sri('lllifir JOUI'Il.lls. Nl'w
1l1f'111I,\1,; (,Ill I", \',11id,ltl'lI.IIHIl'.11l1~.lill ,1lT('JlI.lllU' illllH'
"~I i"ll' i1il ll'llll11tlllily onl\' whell they .1]'{' slJhjed('d 1{l1I ill-
1,11 I I'\'it'~\, .11HI 1'\'.llu.lIIOll.
Ill(' ('('Iltpr ,1lso h.15 h,ld cOllsiderable influ(,llll' UIl gov-
('1 11 11H'11 I alld puhlic Opillipl1. In Nov('mbe'r, Ih(' U,S, rope!
,lnd I )rllg ^dmillislr.1ti(l1l ilnd severJI otl1('r ilgE'IlCil's held a
\'.'. 'I ~ ,h, '~' I III Ill!' ll'l \1.,1 dt 1';(' (f ,f)".,,) I ('~I, Thl' scil'nt ifi( h,l'~i';
1111 I hi.; \\'\11 ~ ~dH 'I' \V.l'; 1'1 I l\'ir!l'd hv IIII' (,l'lllt'I''s i\-1,l\'
< \ 11'l'll';iltlll Illl .111('IIl,lli\'l' Il'sts Il ,\(..111(' Itl\ililv,
1',1l til i~',l11ls.1I IIH' llH't'lill); (,)Ill(' to Ill(' 111lr!t:rsLll1lliflg
Ih,ll tIll' 1'1 '^ lll\('(; IHd Il'l]llir('.l "!"rciSI'" 1.1 L", I('~t ,l1ld
111,11 111(' ,lgl'lll V ('IIl'\lI1r.l)~{"-i SniJlllissit III \ If I{,SUltS pf .1111'1-
ll,lli\'\' le<.;l'; (II ,ll \Itl' In,il ily, S('ver.,l {lllll'r .1gt'lKil'<; 1('"
I"l! l,'d Ih,lt tllt'v ,liT n'\'i('~villg th('ir 11'l\uin'Il\(,1lIs fill
,III1I('I<l,i(i!\'11.1I,1
Ill!' (('nkt 11.1<'; IE'( ('iVf,t! tllllt h Lwpr;l[l!t: ((lVel,l}',I' ill 11\1'
111'\',"; Illl'lli,l, (";~'1'{ i.llly 11111<lWillg IIII' M.,y: sYllll'o~;illlll ill
In,'\,~, ,11lit II"'; ,lJ,tllll Ill(' ('f,tdl'l's ,Hliviti('s ,ll'I1l',lITd ill
II,!' \\'III/.';/1/'1'/ /llll1l1dl, 11,',/' /;dl1ll, -,111' (h;(o,<:(' T,;1'1I11I',
111<' (1~,lllillll\1 (') ';rP1, "'!l/O;II!II 1 /;'Idllr 11I'lg.1;ilH', ,lilt! Ill,lll\'
I dlll't 1,"lllil,lli{lll'; --
I Ill' (,t'I',11llillf' I{ 1 )Ild':f' \ fllll1d"li\ltl h.ls lTlH'\\'('ll ih "III'
\'1 lI! fl'! tIll' Ilf'\\',;!i'II('I, -Ill(' ~-illt'lI ( (1I1l!,;1Ilif'S 1'11111ld,11 ipn
.11.;1' h,IS 1'1 \l\'irlE,d S\lpptll'lltll' our illfpllll,llioll progr.llll.
(h'l'l tIll' ll('xtlwll \,('.lIS, \\,{' \'l/ill ('\(I'.llHlt!lis plPgl,llll ,llld
\Vdlll)' III bn1.1d('1l its b,lS(' of slIppllrt.
\Yilh ,111 llll I (',\sIng 1ll1l111wr of org,lllil,ltiollS prllvidillg
11l,11PI llllldill)', for (lUI' ''('~('.lnh ,llld illforlll'ltitlll pr{ \)',r,1I11S,
\\'(' h,l\'(' dt'l idl,d III fnllll ,1 sptlllsnl'shil1 (nI1l11litl(,<" \-vhirh
will [11('('t sevcr,,1 times each year to review our progress
ilnd t(l illlprtlve communication between the (E'nter and its
sponsors. The committee will first meet later tbis yeaL
Ph'asp t'(lntart me for more information,
SI('plwll Push, who in the past has written for the ncws-
1('ltn, I.,k('s (lver as editor in chief with this issue and will
bp involved in other aspects of the information progrJ III ,
Ilis b.1l'kground, which includes experience in medical
j{Hllll.,lism, public relations, and biological research, is well
sllitpt! In tlw c('llter's n('('Js. I welcome his increased p.H-
tilip.lli{lll in our artivitiE's,
Since tl1(' center's birth in September 1981, I've becn
helped hy f.lr tC)O many people and organizations to th.lnk
thorn "II in this limited space. ButI'd like to acknowled!\..
thp (lmtinu01l5 (,l1couragement and the shared thinkinf, of
the ({'Ilt('r's advisory board; the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and
rragr,lnn' AssociJtion; and the Bristol-Myers Company,
They have bpcn instrumental in the development of the
relll('r'~ rl'plltillion for excel1ence and quality.
III flit life' issu('s of the newsletter, I will continue In
sh"rf' with YlHl my personal views about the center, its
.1CCOlllplishlllcnts, and its new directions.
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Alan M. Goldberg, Ph.D.
Two European
Centers Formed
Swilll'r1.1nd illld West Germany have established (l?Jllers
for ,lllnllativl's to animal testing. in part because of the
('Xilll1p!l' set by the Johns Hopkins Center for AlternativE's
to Anin"'! Testing (CAAT).
^ din'ct impetus for the West German center was tllt'
llllpn'({'t!ellled dialogue amonR federal regulators, indus-
Iry "( j('lltists, and .H1ill1.11 rights advocates at the C^^T's
SY'"PI I"ium 011 ,1Itrrl1.1tive approaches to acute toxicily
\,'slin); held ,1t the Johns Hopkins University in May,
"Our Ccrmilll culleagues were astonished to see it W.:15
possiblt' (0 get these diverse groups together in the same
room t.llking ilbllut this emotionally charged issue in con-
structive ways," said CAAT director Alan M. Goldber~,
Ph.D,
..-
Liver Cells Used in Toxicity Tests
H.IIIllll'icll. I 'W"'If~. ('Jr.,),
I\{ h I ~ 11'J I',(ll.lll'd li\,('f tell... .lJlPI','" 1(1 (,(' "\IiLd,l!' <.;!iI,
<;1 illll,", f'I' t Ill' II';!' (If wll< 111' ,11 Ii 111,1 Ic; ill Icst... t If 1'( 111'111 i.lll\'
11'':1l <-til",I,II), t..." Ifill! 1I'....I',lll hers 1t'!1prl('d ill pn-sf'"I,!
tj'II1'; ,11.1 <.;\'tlll'il<;jllllllit!f'd "I h'p,llot(l'(icily; I" Vii HI
,1\1'1" (1,11111'<;," Iwld ill (llllltllHlioll with Ill(' Secund Inkt
n,ltil1tl,ll ( Pll!f-Il'I1U' (111 S,lfl'ly Ev;:du<llioll i1nd Rl'guLlli(l!l
01 ( IWlllie"I"
1"';1'; lI';jllg i~;{ll.lt{'d livf'!" ITII" 'l'vptdd 11\11 elilllill,llt. I Ill'
IllTd 1(1/ bh ,1Ililll,ll". Bul.1 ~illgl(' r,llliv{'rC(lldd supply
('IIOll~;,h I (,II... 10 I{'pl,l(f' dp/cll'> uf .lIli11l.,ls IIs('d ;lllllllVr'll
liPtl.d 11";1';. IkY(llld th(' tlb\'iollS "PI'!i(,ltioIlS t\llivt,,- to'\it
it v h",j ill,l~, inlnl 111,11 ill11 Irolll I his rl'st'.Hlh \.vill <:;('I'VI' ,1''; ,1
IlInd, 11,11 I (";I 0..; Ilf !lIxi( it y ill oilH'I hodv ti~Slt{'s,
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'I, 1,.1,,, ~',1 1','/i"1 r ;H'II'1O d, ;11', I h,lt fl'\ 1'.111"\ill'ff('( f~
/\1I1'11tt III 11]l' 11'I'nl h.d 11'...10..; illvo!v{, tlH',lsltl'etllf'IlI' pi
( 11.1I1.1',f'" ill (dl r l till I if III ,II I f'r 1"11( 1'';111(' 10 put.ltivt, It 1\ illo..;,
I Ilf">{' in 1';/11', llr 11'c:;I-llIlll', tlll'lhods !lol Pllly m,lY n,dlHf'
till' IlI1ltlIH'1 ," ,1tlilll.ll" lls(,d in ttlxicil)' I('sling but ,115(1
J"III\'i,II' ,I d'TI'I.r Ul1df'I'Sl.1l1dillg of lilt' liver," kl'y pl.l)'!'!' ill
the body's response to toxins, said the four speakers, all of
wh\llJl r('\,('iv(' gr,lnts frorn thl' Johns Ilopkills ('Pllter (or
^1i(.""tiV<'s 10 ^nimal Testing (C^^T),
"'I IIi.:; J'l'SI',111 h l('pn'~;(,Jlts lruly 1l1,1jor progress ill defin-
ing I!lf'( 11,1l1i~Il's tlf liv('J I(lx;l ity," C^^T diredor ^I"I\ M,
(;(I1dll('q~, I'h,1 )_. who r\i,lin'd Ill(' SYlllPOsiul1l, S,lid 1.11('1',
Ilf' ,ltldf.d, "Ill(' W(\I k wil h {ult urpd liver ('('II~ !Tl,'y l{';ld
t(l ,1 lest prlll(lClllth,11 {.1I1 hl' us('d ill ,1l"lll(' toxicity l('!'ting,"
(;I'lwvieve Kr.Kk. Ph,D., of the Catholic University of
I.PllV.lill SdlOol o( Pharmacy, Brussels, r('ported on f'xperi-
T111'llls wilh r.lt livpr rel1s suspended in solution. Addition
o( hI" ins 10 the solution c,lused measurable changes in tll('
(plls' liSP of sligar, productillll of protein, and uptake of
.11l1illll.wids, the building blocks of proteins.
"These experiments would make suitable alternative
tpsls lwrause thry reduc(' animal use, are economical, and
<1IP more precise th,ll1 cOllventional tests," Dr. Krack said.
lohn M. Frazier, Ph.D., itssociate professor of environ-
1ll('1l1.111H'.1Ith sciellces.t Ihe Johns Hopkills School of
Ilygil'lH' ,111d Public f lealth, reported on an itl vilro methlld
of I1Hw.:uring production of metallothionein, a protein pnl-
duced by r"tlivrr cdls. When exposed to the toxic mf'tal
r.,dmiulll, the cells increase their production of metallo-
thioI1l'in, which contains cadmium in its chemical structure.
Simult.lIleously, tot.11 protein production by the ((,II dcdines,
Such dl.1llges may be useful in tests of potential pollut-
ants, stich .1S waste water, in addition to tests of new con-
sunlC'r pwducls Jnd industrial goods. This research suggests
I h.lt llH'l,lllothiollrin prwuction plays an important rol(' in
prtl!f'clillg the hody from toxic metals, Dr. FritzieI' said,
TillHithy },13. Cray, Ph.D., research scientist at the
British Industrial Biological Research Association, Carshal-
tOil, Engl.llld, n>ported on the effects of various chemicals
Oil liv('r t'l,lIs' production of peroxisomes, tiny structures
Cl1lltilining enzymes important in many biochemical reac-
titlllS, ~\lhen exposed to toxins, rodent liver cells grown in
culturp show a proliferation of peroxisomes similar to the
proli(('r.llion seen in the livers of whole animals.
l)r, (;ray pl,lllS to determine whether this it! vitro test of
rl)dl'nt l'l'lls an:urately predicts toxic effects on humans
.llld wlwlher the human liver displays a similar peroxisome
response.
D.",;e; ^cosla Jr., Ph.D" professor of pharmacology and
toxirolpgy ilt the University of Texas School of Pharmacy,
Austin, dl'scribed his research on culture media used in
studif's (If liver c('1I toxicity, Certain nontoxic chemicals,
SIKh as Ih(' org.lnic compound glutathione, greatly affect
the rei Is' sf'nsitivity to some toxic chemicals,
[)r. ^({)sta's experiments provide new answers to ques-
tions auout how cells work, why they are injured by toxins,
and how alternative tests. of toX\ci"ty'(:4'"be ~.ed,",.
llll!'i'! ), T1rllmn~, Ph,D,. is a rr~l'lIr(h assodafeat the John F.
Knlll/'d,1/ l'l.~fi'ufr for /1,""licn"Pl'd Children, Baltimore, and in Ihl'
DI'1',,,I/Ilnlf {If E'lIlirm/llH'IIInl Healflt 5dtn(rs af the Johtls HOI,kitls
s( /,jl(l/ 0'( J lyS;wt' 'IIId Pu/JIic Hcallh. Ht is (onduding CAI\T-
.~fl(lll.~(lmf rr.~('t1Y(lllllr r11frrnntivr liver to:ririty tests,
-
Progress Report
I, 'II/filiiI'd !1(lm "11,,'1' II
Iii" II .11111 ;1'<'; with llH'lllllll" Ih,ll ;llT lllt'.lJlI" ,lIld ,',1\1' 111\\1"('
inll q 111,llil'll ,11'1 ltll lUll\! lnx ir dH'lllit.lls ,1HITI 1IIIIIl,I11<';,"
11, (,(\ldllf'q~ <';,lid.
1111' (1,11.1 dl'C;nill{'t! ill 1\11<':; nTllrt rrpl ('q'llt the lWI ('<.;<;,11 y
111'.1 ,; Ii' 1 ,0.; in IIlt'dl'\'I.lpI11IH'1l1 \If 11H'llwdo.; Ill,)! l'\'('lllll,lllv
fill' 11'1'1.11 f' 11ll' 11';(' (If livl' ,1111m.,I.;. S(l11lf' \Ir till' I ('<(',ll {I~
1'1 "i"( I,; ,II f' 1H')'.llllling \{ll'lll{'r I I If' Sf'CllIld pll<1<'{' III d{'\il'l-
"I'lllf'tlt' If''~lillr~ (If 111.1IlY t IWlllie"I..; to pn1v(' I Ill' ,H! Ilr,ll V
"I I Ill' 1l11'lh,,<k riIL,ll\'. ';1 l('lll;sls 11111<;1 ,dint' till' IlH,thlldo.;
ild" ';illll,k, ll'I"Pchu il,ll' \('<.;ls.
I his ;';<;lll' III Ill{' C/\^T lwwsll'llN hi~hlights Il1llf tit('
tl1rrf'nlly funded projects, those dealinF; with it! tli/r(l
studies nf irril.,tion ami illfl.11H1ll.1tilln of skin, ('Yf'S, i'llldlhe
\,lgin,l. TIH' 1H',<t iSSl1(, will d('srrilw the ol}1('r 12 studies,
\..111\ J, (PIll'..; nil ct'lIul.lIlp,<icily ,11ld (h'velof111H'nl pf alll'r-
ll,";\'(' Illf'\hpds 1(I.1<:q'~'; .1clllt'lp,<ir;ly (See III{' .llti( II, hy
III Ilu1In.1<: ill t hi'; i';'~ll(')
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! 'I II \\'i,1 ~,r'\'l "lid", I 111 11"1I 1 111l1I>ili\.11 ((>I d (('II" glP\vn ill till' ll';l Itll".
III till' 11,11'1.lIH I' of toxi( \ll(lgisl~, il riLllioll indlldl's .111 (If
IIIl' IHlllv'<; I {,SPIlll<;t'<; hI Ill(' anlloying ,lml illillli,lll<; dWlIli-
1,11<; i1\ ('Ill ('Il\';n'lllllt'lll, C)l\I' SlH hi I'Spn!l<;(" inl1.llYlI11,1tiilll,
I" ( III <; ,I''; rt'drH'<;<;, s\VclliI11~. ;lnd pain,
^Ilhi>ll,~h IIH' '.;Iudi,'<; t!1's(:rih{'t! below illVlllvl' cllltllres of
li';';Ilt' flOlll <;p('cif;( Plg,ltl<;, f',lCh luilull' is.1 "mod..!
L'yst('m" 111,11 <;hlltdd provid(' tllxienlllgisls wilh ,11l tllldN-
';l.lIlllill1: of <;;ll1il.ll' li'istlf's in pthrr Ilrg,lllS,
I Oll',<,ltl'l,h', \Psts il1\'\llving v;lgin.llliss\J(' slinuld 1", .lp-
1,lil .d,I,. III (1111('f J1un \IUS 111('I11ll1.11H'S, such.,,, Illll<';(, .Hound
I I If' ('Y"S ,Iild illlhe mouth,
ThC" V.,~illa
. Nllrrnall 11. Dubin, Ph.D., associate professor of gYIlt'-
('olpgy and pbstetrics at the Johns} lupkins Schuol of M('lli-
cinf', n....ceived renewed CAAT funding for his rese.lrch llll
.1Itl'Ill.1tivf' lests for v.lginal products, such as drugs,
df'ndof,lnls, and cOlltr.1Ceptives.
Ill' "Irf'.llly h.:1s discovered that vi1ginal. cervic.ll, i1lld
uterinf' tissues of rats continue to respond to chemictll irri-
t.llinn wlwll fPmllved ,lnd pl.,c('d ill pi/roo The tiSSlJ('s' f('-
1('<1<;(' of hormones called prostanoids gives a good illdil'i1lioll
of tlw ,1I1l011nt of irritation. A test b.1s('d on this rrspnl1s{'
1ll,1Y imrnt>dialdy reducc the number of animals used,
Dr.l)llbin s.lid.
The Eyes
. Marcia M, Jumblatt and 'Arthur H. Neufeld, M.D., of Ihe
Eye Research Institute, Boston, received a new CAAT
grtlnt to study wound healing in human corneal cells
grown ill Ilifro, They already have studied this phenomcllon
ill f'.1bhit nlTll{'.,1 cultures.
^n eye irriLltion lest based on hum.ln Cl)rneal cult un's
prph.1bly would be quicker, cheaper, and more ac(urate
lh.m lhl' I )r.1izt' eye test, in which potential irritants afC
pl.1t cd ill Ill(' ('yes of live rabbits.
. Kw.lI1 Y. Chan, Ph.D., assistant professor of orhth.11-
11lt\logy <\t thl' Univcrsily of Washington School uf Medi-
rille, S('.,ttle, alSl) is working with cultured r.,bbit cOrlH';ll
('{,lis, lie is investigating the possibility that the ((.115' pro-
duction of plasminugen activator, a biologic<ll moleculr'
,l~soli.1ted with eye injury, will be an accurale inJicatllr llf
(,)'l'inilatioll.
1 he Skin
. l),wid Nnvcombe, M.D.C,M., professor of cnvirOIlIlll'l1-
1,11 11<'.1 It 11 sl'jcllces <'It the Hopkins School of Hygif'n(' and
I'uhlil' llealth, is using ceJl~ taken fnJln hUI1l.111 umbilical
((lnl<; to develop a test for chemical irritants. His results
sl1ggest slIrh.1 test is feasible, He now is using the test 10
!,Hlk \'arilllls irritants in order of potency,
. ^tlhllr M, Dannenberg Jr., M.D" Ph.D., professor of
('llvironmcllt.ll health sciences at the Hopkins School of
Ilygip!w Jlld Public Health, is examining the possibility (If
using Iltllf-inch square pieces of rabbit and human skin to
ddl'! mine the degrce of injury caused by allergens, toxic
,hf'mic.lls, .1ml other hazards.
IlIjured (ells releas€' biological mediators, chemicals th,lt
.1t1r.lrl whitE' blood cells to repair the damage. By Tllf'tl5ur"
illg lhe illllounts of mediators released. Dr. Dannt'nberg
1ll.1Y be "ble to estimate the degree of damage done by
('.1('11 toxirant.
. Sharon S, Krag, Ph.D., professor uf biochemistry at I he
Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, received
continued funding for her work with fibroblasts, skin c('lIs
involved in inflammation. She already has produced a
quirk. easy melhod to determine whether certain cherni-
r.lls d<1nl.1ge fibroblasts and surrounding tissue.
.
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,11 H 11,11,11 !!l,l( \'1 d il.d cl WIll i.., r \' ,II rill' 111l1\'n';il V pf ( .dd PI
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lh 11 lilll'l 1'.11'1'1 itllIHt')~l1,ltl'll with Llt Ilhllc( till'S <;illlld.lk"
Ill' ''!'';'lIl'li\t' 11I111l('ltil"; ld Illltll,ll1 d.lll,
I Iii" ,dill 111"d,.11I1.\y 1"1,1.1\ (' .lllilll.l!"; ill {{,.;t" III df't I' I -
111'11" \',111'1 IWI (\ }':1lll'1 it <.: ,11 hllllllgs ,Ut' ,lbs\ n [wd llln lll}:h
Ill' ,I ill 11,11'-'11 \vill )',i\'!' ,;\ il'ntisls ,lllt'llt'!' tIIHkrsLl1lding
,01 11,'\\' '~llll) ,dl..;pq>li\llll'll 11I<.;;I)r. (;11)' S,lid,
· Jl .1111 f\. 1'.11 I ish. tv1.U" <llld .1sslR-iales, of lhe Ut'p.1I'l-
Ilwnt (If f){'rm.1tol(l~Y at Harvard Mpdir,ll Srhool.1nd
rvLISS;ldwSf'l ts Celwr.llllospit.lt Boston, are interestf'd in
1,11, d\llo':ic < IH'll1iLlk, <;11l h ,1<; Ill(' ,1111ihioti,r If'IL,cydilll',
'_'.,111, II lll.lh, <;~ 11\ 111(11(' <;11<"( qdibh' lllllH' d,llll,lgill)~ I'Ifl'l h
(,f '-llIllil',hl I Ill'\' ,11(' 1'1'1 l(lllllillj~ !Iwir 1'\fl('1 illlf'llls with
(,dllll'''; (If hlllll,111 ((.11" {.llInl pl'l'lplwr,d blood IlHl!lllllll'
I It',ll I ell,;
. I d t..,! iI1,11H'''''11'1I<;,lIf'lll11H'hkl']Y tndit'frtllll("l'l'''lllC
II' ldtt,l\'jllllllig!,I.1flf'r Iwillf. In',llt'd with ,1 f,hnlo({I'(i(
1 IWIlli! ,II Ih,1I1 ('1'1(11(' bl'iJl)~ II I',lled, -11l('~;(' (,xJ1(,lillH'IlI'~
Ill.l\' Qlhc;lillr!f' fill Ilt I 1ll,11l ,lilt! .11lim,,1 \(,<:.ting {If ph(llo.
I(l~:il\';, IIH'Y "hI pn1\'idl' ill("lll1illi!lnlh.ll Ill,')' .lllpw
<;( j(>nli<;t<; l{l dl'dl1l(' 1','lcllti,l] phnlllto'(il dl<'. 1<; hy silllply
<;tlldVln)'. " t'llll'l'lltllld's rlH'tllir,ll SIIUdlJrt',
1)1' P,lITisll's ,1<;SOli,1Ics inlhi<; ~tlldy Mt' 'J',lyy.lb,ll !.l<;,1I1,
1'11.1 )..ltl'lH' I VII! 1H'\',n, ('h,1 )" ,lilt! I ),lni<,1 J. Mr^"!if(('.
~~'" ~':"
,'.,,';i!,\.~,: ~..
:,~' 1'~.
',$j." ,
i ~ ..
,
10.- ~I"'.
.
.
,.
1)1 l'l,ilil' 11. S,llllH'S' 5kin~rown in the test tube,
SOIlW (If their CAAT-supported rese.ln.:h has been re-
I'tlrl('d ill thr )('/lrlltll ilf ltlvl'.~fig(llit'i' Dtrmal%sy (80:319, lQR3),
. I}hili~lll. Sannes, Ph.D., assistant professor of ellviron-
llH'llt.,IIH'.lhh sciences at the Hopkins School of Hygiene
,1ml Ptlblil" Health, has bC'cn able to culture cells to repro-
dllu" il/ l'il,-o the <lrchit~cture of the skin, He will use this
ndtl;n- 1\)1T;(',15\11"(' the effects' of toxins on the skin's ability
to .lbs(lrh nontoxic chemirals. Such measurements milY be
used ,1S ,1IterIlJtiv(' toxicity tests.
. Mi, 11.101 [didin, Ph.D,. professor of biology atlhe Johns
Hopkins University, has develo~ skin ceU,cult,ures to
deted early biological changes associated with toxicity. He
labels these cells with fluorescent dye to track the move-
1llf'l1t of fJl and protein molecules in cdl membranes.
Ch.lllg('<; ill thp rilte> of movement indirate membrane
d,llTl,'g(', t1l1C of the first signs of toxicity.
These st'icl1tists and others will present a complete rc-
pori Oil tlw first two years of CAAT-funded reseJrch Jt
II,.. ('^^' symposium in October. (See "Datebook" in
this iS~Il(,.)
Peer Review
Grant Process
JIll' 1 (";(',11,111:1',11110; d('<;{l ilwd bcgillllillg (Ill p.l)'''' I \VI'II'
11111.1! ,I !Ill 111l' 1 1'('llIllllH'lltLll illll (lIthe C^^I ,hlvic;(lry
I" l,lt, I, ,1 I I,llH'I of olll <.;1;1I1Ilill)', <:( i{,\lli~1 0..; r rplIl illdn<.;! 1 v:
j',' 0\,"'1111111'111, .1IHI.H,ld"llli,l, \1,1111'11111'111h('1 ~" <.;ch'd('d r I (lIlI
intilllti"I1'; till (\llglllllll Ill(' ll,llioll, (,\'<\111,111' ,,1111n\I'O<;,110.;
j,,, Ilw ( ^,^, I "I'lllll;(II1'1ll (''-;('.l!(h 1'1 llj',l ,1Ill .1\ Ilnpkill';
,11plllll' ( t\^ 1 ~T(lll';lll('d 11'<.;(',H(1l pnlgr,lll1ll!11'Tllc1 1('
';(',ll( 11 ill.;Iilllli"II'; .1l\1l1I1d tl\l' wprhl.
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("drll"'q',, 1'11,1 )" ,dStll{'lJlIl'<';1..; propIIS'll" .11 Sf it'tllifir
1l1l'l'tlllg5 <lIlJ through other professional cont.lets with
qil'llli'~h dping ['f'~f';'r('h llf intf'rf'st In tl1('(,(,I1If'f,
r,ll"h "ppliratiol1 is 5f'nt to two or three anonymolls re-
1.'ir\\('! ';' (',<pI'rl<; ill th(' p,ul i(uL1f fil'id pf inqlliry "ddrcs<;I'd
I,,' tIll" 1'111\111';"1. '11l!' Il'Vi{'\\'I't <; supply I he ,Hh-i<;IlIY hI 1,11 d
\' ill 1 \'." il I ('1\ ';1.11(,11H'1l1 <; (lllllillillg 1 IH' pi \ Il'! 1<;,,1\ Sl il'lll ifi(
(111.1111\' ,1IHI it<; "I'J1I"\I~ll"i,'\f'I1('<;s In tilt' (('llle]'<-; lllio.;siOll.
II\!' 1'11'1111<;,11..; ,llllltlH' lI'vi('\Vcts' lPlIlIlH'I1I..; ,111' <;('111 ill
11\1 ,llhi';(l! \' hll,l]d 1lH'lll!W!<;, who Illt't'l todi<';\'IlSS Illl'
tl1<'1 ii" ,d 1',11 h 1'1! IP( 10.;,,1 ,mol III s('t fllndillg ~lI'i\ ,rit iI'S
'\11\ 111H' \VHlilll~ II, '11'1,lv f'\1" ,1 C^/\T gr"llt "lllluld
',Ilhllit ,l (l1H'-I"')~I',lh<;tr'HI \If ,1 pllll'll<;"l by i\I1"y I ('PI
fill llll'! il 11'\ 11 11Id 1 il '11 ,lbillll ';( lb1l1iU il1l~ pl"ol'( 1<;,lls, 1'11',1<;('
\ ",,1,11 t
t I, 1 '"I \ 1>.11.1 !. \ \Iilli,llll", ~I'I II'Llrv tu till' I )il{'t 1 III
( ,,,1,11111 i\ltf'lll.lIi\'I"; I" ,\llill1,;1 1'1";11111',
1,,1111 ll"l,l'ill'; ~;lIH"llld I I \'j',i('1H' ,1llrl I'uhlil I k,lllll
r, r', r 1"111. \ \\>11(' L;, I ('('I, I :.dl1111111 E', t\-I;I l.l)Jl:i
1,,\, 1,1l<\1H' ,\(11 0."," JJ,U
h!"1111lf'I'; Ilf tIll' ,Hhi<Clll)' hp,nd ;In' (" dl'lHlli'S IHIIl
\!>lilll',';"llll"\'
IlolI,lld (). ^ 11l'1l, I'I,I}, dl,linn,lIl pI I'h,lI11\,lCPh 19y ,II
II"" 11Ii\'l'I';itV (1/ ~1Ptllh (',llplina SdH,ol (If Mf,dirilH'.
\V. (;.JIy 1'1.1111111, I'h,1 ),,' ,1',~pci,11(' dirt,tln'i fpr lo,iC\l-
1\'~',i,.J! ,;, if'llif'" "t 1111' 1)1111',111 pf rO\lds, U.S. J'(lpd ,1l1d
I )tlll: !\dlllilli'dr.llil1tl.
I {'Oil C()lbl''l~, r--1,1~., IU hir., I),Sr., r l,\'hil., pr(lk""llt llf
I .'''lIflllll1iIV ,11111 PUl1f',lIiol1,d 1T1l'dirilll' <Ill )Ilkt, LJlIivNsity
f\ '",Ii,.d (f'IlI!'1
^1.1111\1. (;ohlht.'l~, I'bl )" "l'pfl'<';<;{lI \If t'Il\'inlllllli'1l1.11
11",,1111 "Cil'llI i'<': ,1t Ill!' Iphll" IlopkillS School (If Ilygil'lH'
,1Il,II'II"li(" 111',dlh ,md dinTI(lr of III(' l(llllls II(lpkin<;
l 1'1111'1 Ill!' ^llt'lI1"liv('s to ^nilll,,1 TI'sling,
(;,lIf'lh Gn'{,ll, M,J )" rh,lirlll.1ll of l'I1Vll (lllllH'llLlllll\,lllh
"l (l'Ill I'," ,lllll dill'( tp,- Ilf n'~l'ir<lhIlY Illt,dicilH' .,t tin' 1(11111<-;
111l1'~ ill'; l\kdi{,lll1\"liluti\lIlS
I ),^, 11('IHI{'rsol1, t\-1,1 )" tv1,I',1 L Ibm of lhl' !{lhll<;
Illll,1 ill'; ~1dH'(l1 nlllygil'tlt' ,lilt! Pllblic 11l',111h,
11111111,,<; I..IlickrYI J ),VM,: dq',l1lllH'l1t 11(',HI of \'l'I{'1 i
Il,Jt Y ,;! in\( tOO; ,11 Hrir;hll MVl'ro.; l'h<1rlll,l('t'ulic,ll Rl'<;l',llch
,IIHlllt'\TI{lj'llH'llt 1)lvi<;int-l.
Pilul Kolin, M.D., former senior vice president for
1,(',l\1h, s,lff'iy, and environment at the Johns-Manville
Ct np, ,llld aJjullct professor of pathology at the University
(If ('olt lr,ldo School of Ml'Jicine,
IJ,lVid ~1aurice, I)h,[)" research professor of surgery in
the I )ivi~inllllf Ophthalmology at Stanford University
S( IHlOI of Medicille.
James I'. McCulley, M.IJ" chairman of ophthalmology al
Ill(' University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Dallas,
);lInes M. McNerney, M.r,H". vice president for toxi-
cology ,lllhe Cusmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Associa-
tioll,ll1c,
^l1llr('w N,l{owan, D,Phil.: assistant d('an at Tufts
Ullivf'rsity School of Veterinary Medicine.
Henry N. Wagner Jr., M,O" director of nuclear medicine
.111d r,ldi.1tion he"lth sciences at the Johns Hopkins Medical
IIlSlilutiullS,
Peter A. Ward, M.D:; chairm~ri'of pathology at the
University of Michigan Medical School.
eAAf Scientists
Speak in Britain
on Toxicity Testing
LONnON-~Alan M. Goldberg, Ph.D" director of the
Jtlhl1s 110pkins C"nte[ for Alternatives to Animal Testing
(( -^^J), ,Hlll two C^AT-spunsored British researchers
,Hldtf'<;<;cd ,1 ~ymposillm here titJed "Toxicity Testing:
1'lPgl f'~;<; 'low.1rd ^ltcrnative TechnkluC's,"
I-k ( ;\,Idlwrg prpsI'ntcd the keynote I('dure 011 "The
Se,,,,h fm Alternatives in the U.s.A." He emphasized the
import.l1lct' that the CAAT places on basic research as a
W.1Y of encouraging the development of alternative tests of
prndud sJfety,
Ill' a\,,' said that tests based on the biological mechanism
of toxicity are better than empirical, or trial-and-error,
I('5t5 lll'('<ll1SC the r('sults indicate how toxic chemicals will
,,(ff'd p('ople. Thus mechanistic tests will replace animal
t('sling, while empirical tests may only supplement it.
Peler Bach, Ph.D" Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at
the Universily of Surrey, England, described CAAT,
~pons(lr('d research on the use of kidney cell cultures as an
altf'rnalive 10 animal testing,
TillH>lhy j. [l, Gray, Ph.D" research scientist at Ihe
Brilish InJuslriallJiological Research Association, Carshal,
Ion, Fngland, described his work with liver cell cultures,
(S('(' IIH' arlicle by Dr, Thomas in this issue.)
~"
"
-
-
From the Literature
Board Member
Writes Book on
Animal Research
1111' /11n'iI'iIlS li~' lI'41~ l'If/'fII frlwilJ, /111' '"l'l/ll/oh/1' 11~';islln'(/' III
C''ll1,\,f /. C,1,~m;.tf'~, 1'1r.D.. dCl'uly R5Sodafl' direr/or (llnl'f(;aliZl'rI ;,,-
!Oflllll/rlll! .~fI vias ii/ tlu' NIl/iollnt ti1mH!I of Ml'diri/Jf, Hdhf'Sl/rl, Md.
I kif'! lit 111 (l( h'r,llogplls ill the f)t(I~/I"',illl clllhrvon;t' (('II
(\1111111' Ipsl: ^S<.;ilY of It)!) dH'11lic,11<;, N, H{lu; ni.l"'-
\',lttli.lb,)si..,: R, L T(-plil/, (;, F, CIH'rlH1ff, ,lnt! J{, I.
SIT\ pf I(lI"1I11'S,1I 2~: Itl~LZl, IQR3,
'~llllllid"IIf)" I" II /lillll~~1l1/ S,lI.;lnll {or Cell/fer '\.i,,~ /'_<1',,1111'111 il/
IIIIISI' !i',lwl,lrlsnl- (Report till umft'n'IKt' )\('Id ill f\I1.ly
1\l,'L', .11 Ill(' Iphlls Ilopkill<; S,lwol of Ilygif'IH' ,ltllll'uhlic
11(',lltl1ll', (), p, T<o, S. /\, Bruce. .1ml ^, Brown (eds,),
~\',l,:hillgl\ll1, J}C,: U.s,lkp,H'tnwllll1f rlH'rgy, IQt\,3,
Sillll,h' 1'.1dioIl1('Iril' illl'ilro ,1<;~,lY for .1c('tyldllllim'st('f",l~('
inhd1illll<';, L !{, Cuil.nl(', II. I), Hurns, R. r. \).ll1l1,lls,
,wd II. N, ~V,l)~IH'r,"" /, "llIlnn. Sli, 72:00-1.12, IQf\'~,
A ( 1 '1111',11 i~;llll t If ti,l' i" ";1'(' and il/ l'ilro 1TSI'(1I1Sf' (If 1l1,11l1-
Ill,1I1.ll1 (,tllhrYI's 10 ,,11'I',1Iog('nic illslIlL C, W, \i'V,HIH'I,
T \y <";,1\111'1, 1 ~;ll\l(h'y, ,11ll1 M, K, Smith /. lill;!('/,
1 ' 1 .' ~,1, r ,) 1~, \
t-,J, '. lJl"lllh'I"I(I'I.11'I
., ,\,1-." "I \' It",ll,IIIIf'll1bl'l
^ndrl'w N. Rowan, D,Phil., a member of the CAAT
advisory bo.lrd, recently completed a book titled Of Mice
f\,.111drl~ 1111,1 f\,.1ftl: 1\ Cril;wl Etlal"ation of 1\1limnf Rt'smrcll
(^Ibany: 5t,1te University of New York Press), The book
.1Itt'lllpls tl},lvuiJ emotionalism while providing all (If the
sdelltific .11ld soci.,t infurm.ltion needed for the reader tn
fnrll1 .1l1 opiniun about the use of animals in I.lboralory
ITseal'lll.
Friends of the Center
WI' gl'.ltC'ftIJly ,1Ckl1owl('d~c recent Clll1tributiol1s from
tile' following people.
Literature from CAAT
Mary ^"n Liebert
M"ry ^nll Liebert, Inc, Publishers
N,'w York, N,Y,
/\1 \l.t only 11ll(' Yf',lr of (('Iltl'r-sponsoled I t's{',lnh,
tlH'1f' ,111 ".Hly ,11"(' lhn't' spollsored il\vt'slig"tiol\s pllb-
li,c1ll'd 01 "ill 1'1 I'~'S" in sri('lllifir jOllrn;lls. Tlll'Y .HI':
11'l1,l\yrlilH'11holoh",:ilily: Corle!.ttilll1 wilh i" l'i/ll'
1(";1 .;yslf'rn<;. T.11.1S,111, I. L Kodle'v,lr, (),I,
i\k^l1liffc, .me! B. S. <- -nopenn,lll, JOlmrrd 11{ Illly,li
,1:,"'1'/' 1)0 1lI1l1i'/l1.l:.1I t'0:J 10, IQB,)"
tho (,f Iw,lIl t f,lI cult U H", ilS a 10111 for tile' I'V,llll,ltipl\
or h,llnth,l1\l' '1I"1I1yII1lI1i.1, D. J, Mil('lirh, ^, KI',lIl,
It I Albn'\ hI, .1ml ^. JIl!f,fi,lk, Till;(I1I(I.\~,lIl1nd /1/,/,finl
/'.1"1/ IIlrl(I,I".\1I 70: I!~ IH7, 1 Qit)"
1':''':I'il ,11(11 v It ;Ht prg,lll ni\llllf's Ip",l';;S,lY "I LlthllH'tll
,1!HI p,llhngf'llil ity of 1ll)'{Op1.1<;1l1,lS, M~ (;, Cahlidgf',
i II ~~(~_~,_'_~~f i, I ill'i('f~,~il' (ill Il~('SS),
Steph('l1l{. <lnd Suzanne S. Schmitt
\'V.lrlillgtun,I'.:1.
CodofreJo Stlltzin
5.1nti,1go, Chile
ContillllC'd funding is llecessary for the center to scrv('
,1';:: ,111 il1lC'rn.,tiOll.,1 rcsoun.-e for the dt.velopment uf illll;lnl
tests of produd s"fety. Contributions to the center, which
S{'IV{'S hllth tl1(' public and private sectors, are tax-deductiblr.
Il1quirif'!' ;1Dout the sponsorship program should be
1l1,Hh' III ^1;111 M, Coldber~, Ph.D., Cf'nter for Altcrn.1tives
I" ^nilll.l1 Testing. 615 N, Wolfe Street, Bailimore, Md,
2t205,
~ ,
"
1),
Non-Profit Oq~.
U,S,l'uslclI;{'
rAtD
BallimlH'f', Md,
rE'rmit No. 2Cl7S
.""'--""'L
,~ ,., ..i;
" I '(-:;
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tl.,." ,,',' ,,,,I "II.." ,,,Ii (o'~h.,l In II" "'111, I"~ l:",11- _,,,.l.,, I,ut"." [I.., '1<'",.1"1""
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(~111'N(~I~
io.'
II
United in Direct Action
San Bernardino Chapter: 3087 N. Acacia. San Bdno.. CA. 92405 (714) 886-0124
Why Animal Tests are actually DANGEROUS!
(1) PENICILLIN. one of the greatest antibiotics known to humans... KILLS GUINEA PIGS.
(2) INSULIN... IS THE #1 CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND DEATH IN DIABETES.. .more so
than if the disease had been left untreated!
(3) ASPRIN causes birth defects in rats and other animal species.
(4) DIGITALIS. which has saved countless lives in the treatment of heart disease... WAS
NOT USED FOR MANY YEARS BECAUSE IN INITIAL TESTING IT SHARPLY RAISED
THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF DOGS.
(5) THALIDOMIDE CAUSES SERIOUS BIRTH DEFECTS IN THE OFFSPRING OF PREGNANT
WOMEN WHO TAKE IT ... BUT DOES NOT PRODUCE DEFECTIVE OFFSPRING IN MOST
SPECIES OF ANIMALS.
(6) MORPHINE. an effective painkiller for humans and frequently the only respite for those
in the last stages of cancer... CAUSES MANICAL EXCITMENT IN MICE AND CATS.
(7) The valuable anesthetic. CHLOROFORM ... IS HIGHLY TOXIC TO DOGS.
(8) Guinea pigs can eat STRYCHNINE ... A DEADLY POISON TO HUMANS.
(9) Robert Koch's TUBERCULIN "V ACCI NE". which cured TB in guinea pigs ... WAS LATER
FOUND TO CAUSE TB IN HUMANS!
(10) Dogs can stand doses of MORPHINE 20 TIMES GREATER THAN HUMANS!
(11) ERALD IN. a heart drug placed on the market after 7 years of intensive animal testing ...
KILLED 18 PEOPLE BEFORE BEING RECALLED AND CAUSED SERIOUS EYE AND INTES-
TINAL DAMAGE TO HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE.
(12) RADIATION EFFECTS per pound of body weight can vary between animal species...
BY AS MUCH AS 200 TIMES... yet radiation poisoninq of animals continues abundantly!
(13) ORAFLEX ... CAUSED OVER 135 DEATHS! Pharmaceutical Co. pleads quilty ...(SEE
ARTICLE ON REVERSE)' Tested on animals for several years... NO SIDE EFFECTS!
(14) DES... A CANCER NIGHTMARE! Tested on animals for the required 7-10 years prior
to FDA approval... (SEE ARTICLE ON REVERSE SIDE).
(15) A chemical found to cause cancer in laboratory rats and mice ... WAS LATER FOUND TC
REDUCE THE SIZE OF SOME CANCERS IN HUMANS many years AFTER IT HAD FIRST
BEEN DISCARDED!
(161 "FLUROXENE. a form of ether. can be safely used on humans but caused death from
ataxia. hypertension and seizures in dogs. cats and rabbits." (Anesthesioloqy. 4/73).
(PLEASE CONTINUE ON REVERSE SIDE ......)
1'/
18653 Ventura Blvd.. Suite 356 Tarzana. CA. 91356 (818) 343-4882 (714) 886-0124
The mushroom AMANITA PHALLOIDES can be eaten by rabbits
in tests) BUT CAN KILL A HUMAN WITH ONE BITE.
Sheep can swallow large
PITUITRIN, a hormone,
IN HUMAN BEINGS.
( 111
( 18)
( 19)
(20)
-2-
(and is frequently' used
quantities of ARSNIC ... WITHOUT HARM.
BUT HAS THE OPPOSITE EFFECT
is a diuretic 'in cats ...
NARDIL. an MAO inhibitor for anxiety... CAN, LITERALLY, CAUSE HYPERTENSIVE-
CRISIS (STROKE) WITHIN THREE MINUTES... if any of the following are eaten or
taken... liver, cheeses, pickled herring, alcohol, lima beans, caffine, chocolate,
yogurt, yeast extracts, cold, asthma, sinus, hay-fever, weight reduction, deconges-
tants, and antihistamine medications. FOUR YEARS OF ANIMAL TESTING PROVED
SAFE!
AND
THE
LIST
GOES
ON
AND
ON
AND
ON
IlIIq,IIII11III1IUIIIIIIIIIIIUIlIIIIlIlIlIllIlIIfllIllI_II_llJUIIIlIIlllllllpllllIUlI
Thursday. Aug_ 22. 1985 . The Sun _ A-3
Lilly pleads guilty to Oroflex charges.
H.... 'fork Tlme,H....s s.rvlte
WASHINGTON - Ell Lilly .
Co, pleaded guilty Wednesday to
criminal charges that It Cailed to
inform tbe Cederal government
about tour deaths and six lIInesses
related to Its artbrtlls drug Oraf.
lex. It was fined $25,000 for tbese
Ind otber charges.
The company's former chief
medical officer. Dr, William I.
Shedden. entered a plea of no con.
test to similar cbarges. The
charges against him and tbe com-
pany, all 01 them misdemeanors,
were announeed aloog with tbelr
pleas. wbicb were arranged in an
agreement witb the Justice De-
partment. The prosecutor in tbe
case said a grand jury lbat bad
investigated the matter bad found
no evidence of Intentional wrong-
dOing.
Sbeddon aDd tbe Indiana.
~"lta
\J
based company were also cbarged
"'ith (ailing to alNt consumPrs
through labels on the drug to the
fact the drug had bern Iink..d to
liver and kidney fallufe and to
jaundice, Shedden. ~ ho could
bave faced up to a year in Jail on
the cbarges, was fined $15.000.
The company withdrew the
drug, generically known as beD OX.
aprolen, from sale in August 1982,
three months after It! introduc.
tion In the United Slates. The
drug bad been sold o\'erseas be.
fore it went on sale in this coun-
try, The company's decision to
end aU sales came alter British of.
ficlals decided to suspend sales
tbere.
Federal investigators bave
since linked the drug to the
deaths of more than 100 ~eoPIe....
Including some In toe niled
States, As part of the olea bari:!ain,
ing. the Justice Department
pressed charges in only the four
d('aths and six illnE'sses. all of
which occurred overseas. al.
though the department said Lilly
kne~ of several other calhs
a \'t'rsc Ions Inked to the
drug.
The U,S, attorney in Indianapo.
lis, John D, Tinder, said in a tele-
phone interview that a l4-montb
grand jury investigation had
found no evidence Lilly or Shed-
den had meant to break tbe law,
"Our Judgment was the tnten.
tion to deceive or delraud the gov.
ernment did not exist," he said.
"If we had found Intent, 1 can as-
sure you we would bave charged
it."
Lilly submitted its application
to market Ora flex to the Food and
Court backs lateL aa~CYd'
for DES victims~ suits
SAN nA~CJ5(.'O IAPI - In I
majOr vk\ory lor \1t'1lm. of lbe
Inll-mWIITIIIlP drull DE.~,. SUile
.ppPIl~ C't>\lr1 r\lINt f'Mdl)' Ihltlr
onf'-)'lPlftlme limIt ror'\llnJtIlIn.
IIIIC'I\lren ma)' hI.'e begun u lilt
u IllIIlO. .ntf pubUclly lbo\ll C.D'
<<,rLLnklf'dtotbtdrul.
A IbrN-mltmbitt' .-nltl of lbIt
lit Dillrk1 CouM of App,pll laid
the Donnal dudllnt for lDj\Ir)'
IUltI-1 year liter tbe lDJuryil
a\lUered or dlaco.ered -
altollldn'l apply 10 dr\ll e.- ill
wblcb IDY WfODldolDl by mID
.'actu,...,. by be IlDUO...n unUl
yllan"ter,
LeRoy Henb, Ilwyltr for a
Soutbern CaW'onua wOmln wbo
blamed ber v.,wl caDl:ef at 1:5
oa thf' Df.3 her motber 100II, IIId
the rullll, would "Vt many of the
.pproK1m.~ly 125 DES lulu DOlii'
Jle'ndlDilDCallfOl'1lUl,
LIlli' ftrmalor two of the drul
compa.nMl D&IIled ill .... lUll IIId
the campania hid not yet 8UlJto.
riled a comment. Bul &1M naJ1na1l
'f1r1ully ~D 10 be........'
DES, IMrketed U In ....1I.m.
talTY-If' drug. wu pr.cribed to
blind.... oIlbouaandl 01 women
in \be 18601 .Dd 1-' II wu 1111
tIIII oft tbe market lD 11171 after
studlesllnkf'd 1t10..Il!!llIlc.ncer
.nd rt nl lon~ In
l"I"~ of lftp womf'n who 100
-VI('Uml ('Ialm lbe ~
110",\10 Iftp drull v....~ in~.ftf'1:I1\l'
.nd <l.nIIHoUl 1)111 conllDulf'd to
m.rkl'tll
The drug bl.already beotn Ihe
aubJ<<'1 of ODe lIondmarfr. IIIte Su
.....e COUM ruling, I 11l8O decl-
16011 tbal IUO\lof(! women to lue
ma,lor DES tn&nUf;lI;tllren lor I
proportionale altlrl' of c1aInal'"
when Ibe druB had been pre,
ICrlbed lenencaUy IDd the.-- ...u
110 .....y \0 tell wbicll brlDd the
motber bad Illlen.
Tbe CWftnl cue II different
becluse I phannaclft tettlfled [U
Ully . Co, made tht DES lblt
Georlllnll Ken.lnller'l mother
10011 during her preRn.ncy in 16
IndUllllil
KeMlD,er. 111'110 !tv. III Ven,
x:., wu dll.nweod tn 1174 . bV'
tnR eance1' of Ul.e .a.11I.II &lid eer
Vii, .nd ...d ber v.Iln. Ind
reproductive orllhl removed. ber
....,.erll.ld.
!be IIld ltae }e.rned In 1977
the DES ber mother toot ..... to
bl.me for her lnJu"", .nd d15,
comfort in Iellull reJaUooa, BUI
lIbe did aat .ue until Novlm~r
1110, alter publicity .boul IhlP
.tale Supreme Court twlnl and
aIIeIlCl wroqdolnl by clnill com
.....
Drug Administration in 1980, anCl
the request \lias granted in April
1982, with marketing beginninji
the next month, The JustIce Dr;.
partment said the comoan\
learned in 1981 and 1982 that Orar.
lex had been lmked to the fOUl
deaths and SIX Illnesses O\'E'rseas :
u{ the company a' e to r~,
ort the 10 cas e it.
require un er federal drug lawS,
the department said.
Shedden has since left LiUf
and now works 1n Britain, :
The agreement was attacke<j,
however, by the Health Re5earcb
Group, a Washington consume)'
organization, The group's leader,
Sidney M. Wolfe. said tbe charges
were "trivial" when weigheit
against recent government r~.
cords that. he said, linked OrafleK
to at least 49 deaths in the Unileb
States
J..llS l'
(~llllN(~I~
io.'
II
United in Direct Action
for Animal Rights!
3087 No. Acacia Ave., San Bernardino, CA. 92405 (714) 886-0124
ALTERNATIVES TO THE USE OF ANIMALS IN EXPERIMENTATION
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELS: Mathematical models can be used to make direct predictions of the functions of
human systems. Computer models. by means of simulation. provide information that cannot be gained from experiments
using living creatures. Computers also play an integral part in many of the other techniques described here. They are used,
for example, in studies of a variety of anatomical systems, organ functions, in studying heart attacks, and in nerve cell and
naura-muscular research, Computer models of the human circulatory and respiratory systems have been used as
teaching devices at a number of medical schools. Computer and mathematical models are based on the use of equations
of varying degrees of complexity to represent biological phenomena. and the state of all the elements in the model can be
examined at any point in time and their interactions resolved, Computer models are highly accurate, and their capabilities
are increasing in complexity and scope as the technology is developed.
TISSUE CULTURES: Cell Cultures: Single cells from human or animal tissues are grown outside the body after separation from
their original tissue or organ. Each'generation of these cells breeds identical cells almost without limit, thus providing a
constant supply of identical test materials which would be impossible with living, changing animals. As a result, the effects
of foreign substances or test procedures upon completely standardized mattefcan be observed. Substances to be tested
for toxicity, irritancy, etc. can be applied to cell cultures and evaluated. Oraan Cultures: Groups of cells from a single organ
are grown in a feeding medium. The normal structure of the organ is retained, and since'the cells have a functional
relationship to each other, reactions and effects of a substance upon a complete organ can be tested with results similar to
those in an intact body. Either or both of these. cultures can be used in biochemistry, cancer research, genetics,
immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, physiology, radiation, toxicology, virus research, and the production of
vaccines,
BACTERIA CULTURES AND PROTOZOAN STUDIES: Many species of bacteria react in the same way to toxins. mutagens. and
irritants as humans do, at least as many, and at least to the sarre extent that other species of animals are equivalent in
these respects. Protozoa have similar chemistry to humans and therefore can be useful in nutritional research. These
organisms reproduce extremely rapidly and are easily monitored through several generations, They are easily
standardized, controlled, stored, and maintained at a very low cost, Because animal tests take much time, only a fraction of
the vast number of new products ready for market each year can be adequately tested on animals, resulting in either a
backlog of products, in products entering the market prematurely, or in products for which continued use over several
generations has not been properly assessed in organisms similar in functioning to humans, Animal tests are time-
consuming and expensive, and seldom as reliable as bacteria cultures in most situations, Bacteria cultures and protozoan
studies can be used in cancer, birth defect, aging, and heart disease research, in water pollution studies, and through
recombinant DNA research, in insulin, anti-virus, and vaccine development.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY: These are methods used in identifying drugs and chemical substances
through the study of chemical and drug activity at the molecular level. Substances and solutions comprising parts of more
complex substances are separated into their basic elements through gas chromatography and then identified and
measured via the very sensitive and accurate procedure of mass spectrometry. These methods have proven very
successful in vitamin and drug research.
EGGS: Bird and reptile eggs and embryos are used to study normal fetal development and the effects of drugs on the fetus, Eggs
are also used to culture viruses and vaccines. This method has proven effective in instances where tests on animals have
yielded conflicting or useless results, when if animal tests were employed to determine results, great harm to humans may
have resulted.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY: This consists of saturation analysis techniques using radioactive elements, Radioactive substances
similiarto those present inthe body are used to analyze a wide range of materials, Radioimmunoassays greatly reduce the
number of animals needed. One animal can provide antibodies for hundreds of radioimmunoassays.
Over.... .
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QUANTUM PHARMACOLOGY: This science utilizes quantum mechanics. an understanding of molecular structure, and
computerization, to seek an explanation of the behavior of drugs on the basis of molecular properties.
MECHANICAL MODELS: Mechanical models can be used as subjects for safety testing. such as car crash studies and tests of
fireproof fabrics, and as teaching devices. Complex models are now in final development stages for use in
anaesthesiologist training, and can provide reactions to many different drugs. A simulator has been created which
includes a heart circulatory system, lungs, and a respiratory system, along with a means attesting responses to drugs and
kidney functions, thereby obviating the perceived need for the use of animals in such situations.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEYS: Clinical surveys use human volunteers. clinical case studies. autopsy reports. and
statistical analysis linked with clinical observation of disease, This permits far more accurate observation and use of actual
environmental factors related to human disease than is possible with unnaturally-confined animals.
PLACENTA: The human placenta. which is usually discarded after birth of a child. can be used for practicing techniques of
microvascular surgery, and for testing toxic side effects of chemicals, drugs, and pollutants, It provides a medium far
superior to animal tissues because it is human, and it is entirely without cost.
GENETIC ENGINEERING: Genetic engineering is now being used to provide insulin of a muci. purer type than was heretofore
available using animals. Genetically engineered insulin will eliminate a great portion of the harmful effects suffered by
approximately 20% of the users of conventionally-produced animal insulin. In addition to insulin, growth hormone and
interferon can be produced through genetic engineering, and doubtless many other substances could be as well,
AUDIO-VISUAL GUIDES AND AIDS: Film, closed-circuit television. and video tape can all be used as teaching aids. thus sparing
thousands and thousands of animals from continued reruns of the same experiment. These methods also offer the added
advantage of allowing for repeated viewing, including play-back and holding on a specific area of a demonstration.
LITERATURE RESEARCH: Many present-day experiments are repetitive of research which has already been conducted simply
because the researcher does not have an adequate familiarity with the literature in his or her own field. because the
question has not been formulated correctly, or because experimental details are only slightly modified from previous
experiments, in order that the work will be eligible for funding as new research, or for publication as new wo.rk,
ELIMINATE THE TEST OR THE EXPERIMENT: For some experiments there is no need to consider the alternative because the
study is irrevelant to human problems, is unnecessarily cruel, is trivial, or all three, This is particularly true of behavioral
and psychological experimentation, where such experiments are the rule rather than the exception, in the development of
endless different varieties of human toiletries. and in much biomedical research, where the only motivations are
undirected curiosity and a desire to have an article published, a grant funded, or a promotion awarded, with little if any
consideration given to the suffering of the animal or the actual value of the experiment.
,\
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United in Direct Acti~n
-
'..1\ S '.'
{~111\N(~I~
[01'
II
for Animal Rights!
San Bernardino Chapter: 308J'No. Acacia, San Bdno., CA. 92L105 (71L1) 886-012L1
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
About
ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
WOULD YOU RATHER HAVE THEM USE
HUMANS INSTEAD?
Of course not, but it's not an either/or
question. There are many alternatives
that do not involve unconsenting human
beings. However, no true result or
knowledge is ever obtained until the
medicine or procedure is done on a
human.
t1ASN'T ANIMAL RESEARCH BENEFITED
MANKIND?
It's interesting that the only major "benefit"
that the research community repeatedly
brings forth ... took place in 1931, and
is the discovery of Insulin ... which is
a supposed treatment, and still not a
cure. Today, we know that Insulin is
the #1 cause of death and blindness in
diabetics ... more so than if the disease
had been left untreated. By using pound
animals, horrendous misinterpretations are
common, because the information obtained
from animals does not extrapolate (carry
over, mean the same thing J to humans!
And, virtually !lQ information is known
about the animal; medical history,
innoculations, breeding, environment,
conditioning, etc. Incidently, the same
question was posed for slavery!
WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT ANIMALS
WHEN PEOPLE HAVE PROBLEMS?
Millions of animals are suffering; just as
many, if not more, than people. Suffering
is a concern whether it occurs in human or
non-human animals. Animals and non-human
animals are all sentient beings (able to feel
pain and anguish). Therefore, all suffering
needs to be addressed and alleviated. Many
animal rights people also work on behalf of
human problems as well ... this is just not
an either/or issue.
AREN'T HUMANS SUPERIOR TO ANIMALS
SINCE WE CAN REASON, SPEAK. HAVE
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS?
There is no characteristic that is posessed
by humans and no other animals. Infants
and some mentally retarded people may not
reason or speak and may display less intell-
igence than many animals, yet we extend
rights to them and concern for their welfare.
If one of them were 'seized' from the safety
of their home, taken to a laboratory, and
experimented upon, over and over again ...
there would be such an outcry, and the re-
searcher would be immediately arrested and
tried for the most serious criminal offense.
What is the difference here? It is inconsistent
to extend rights and concern to these humans
and withhold them from other animals based
on these characteristics. The only character-
istic which has any real relevance to the
concept of rights is SENTIENCE (the capac-
ity to feel pleasure or pain). ALL ANIMALS
ARE SENTIENT BEINGS!
(Please continue on reverse side ....)
18653 Ventura Blvd., Suite 356 Tarzana, CA. 91356 (818) 3L13-L1882 (71L11 886-012L1 If
--...
ARf T THERE LAWS WHICH PROTEi
ORkEGULATE USING ANIMALS?
There are NO laws which protect or even
limit the use of animals in experiments. The
Animal Welfare Act, the only applicable Fed-
eral law, deals only with housekeeping ...
(feeding, housing, transport, etc.) ... in
NO way does it mandate what can or can't
be done in the course of an experiment.
Most importantly, researchers are exempt
from anti-cruelty statutes and laws that
are only applied to the public at large.
IF ANIMALS DON'T HAVE SOULS HOW CAN
WE WORRY ABOUT "MORAL" CONSIDERA-
TION?
The concept of 'soul' is religious and is not
scientifically definable/ provable. If you
defend using animals and the scientific method
because you think they 'help' science ...
then you cannot rest on a totally non-scientific
concept such as soul. If you believe that
animals do have souls, there is even greater
reason to stop their suffering!
BUT, AREN'T RESEARCHERS HUMANE AND
AS GENTLE AS POSSIBLE?
The problem is not the individual researcher,
as much as it is the entire system which con-
dones and rewards animal exploitation without
concern for the rights of the sentient beings
involved. Ours is a system that demands a
desensitization of the people involved, beginning
in high school with dissection of a frog or rat.
This desensitization is maintained with a vocabu-
lary which labels the screams of animals as
"vocalizations" - electric shocks and sticking
with pins as "aversive stimuli" - crying, urinat-
ing, and frantic attempts to escape as "reac-
tions to aversive stimuli" - and finally,
killinq the animal as "sacrificinq".
This desentisitization of any connection between
themselves and their 'subjects' allows research-
ers to do things they would not otherwise do,
without question as to the relevance or approp-
riatness of it.
Today, many ex-researchers have issued state-
ments regarding their "waking up and asking
themselves 'what am I doing'?" or "I got tired
of walking through blood everywhere", or
"I came in suddenly, unprepared, and almost
cried. It was what I'd been doing for three'
years. I had no idea... it was down right
torture! "
In this way researchers are as brainwashed as
the general public regarding the supposed
benefit of animals in research.
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DO: J'T SOMEONE INSPECT THESE
LABS? .
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service, a branch of the USDA, is char-
ged with inspecting facilities receiving
Federal Grants/Funding. However, the
basis of the inspection is the Animal
Welfare Act ... "housekeeping" only
and not experiments, pain, cruelty,
abuse, neglect, etc.
FEDERAL FUNDING? YOU MEAN MY
TAX DOLLARS SUPPORT THIS?
The federal government is the major
funder of animal research in this country!
YOUR federal taxes support it. The
government requires ongoing experi-
mentation, continually, for any product
to keep its' FDA approval in Product
Safety Testing. Our money supports
thousands of wasteful experiments that
cause the torturous deaths of over
165,000,000 animals PER YEAR. Funding
decisions are not based on any pain-vs-
benefit ratio, either, since animals are
not considered to be beings worthy of
concern. Therefore, their pain is not
entered into the evaluation process.
Also, funding very often depends upon
a person's connections, previous publica-
tions, etc., rather than on any true
scientific merit alone.
SHOULDN'T SCIENTISTS BE ALLOWED
A "FREE HAND" IN THE HOPE THAT
A CURE FOR SOMETHING MAJOR MIGHT
BE MADE?
There are already ethical restrictions
placed on scientific freedom. We don't
allow harmful human experimentation,
even though much more accurate, relevant
information would be obtained. Yet, we
do allow animal experimentation and no
results are obtained - just constant
misinterpretations. Possible knowledge
for its own sake cannot be the bottom
line when we're dealing with sentient
beings.
WHAT IS THIS "ACCREDITATION"
THING THE LABS GET?
The major association that "approves"
laboratories who use animals is the Amer-
ican Accredidation Assoc. of Laboratory
Animal Care (AAALAC). IT IS RUN,
& STAFFED BY RESEARCHERS! AAALAC
inspects once each 3 years and renews
annually based on a written report sub-
mitted to them by the facility! I n other
words, the researchers police themselves!
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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
CARNIVORE UNIT PROGRAtlS:
FINDINGS AND OPTIONS
FEBRUARY 4, 1985
---
--
.,
UuaL~ty Assurance -- Purchased uogs
(1) This model is primarily applicable to the purchase of Random
Source Hounds.
(3) The standing order is based on a three month estimate of
needs. MI. Wolfes handles the standing orders. Dr. Judge, Dr.
Killens, and Mr. Wolfes will all get involved if it is a special
order.
The number of dogs ordered each month tends to be cyclic -- low
during the holidays, high during the summer just before the
professional meetings. Currently, ACS orders an approximate
average of 20 dogs a month. During the parvo epidemic, VRB was
getting dogs from the Army (Walter Reed) but that was a temporary
arrangement.
(3A) Vendors must be licens:d and inspected. by the USDA.
VR8 is presently developing contracts to buy colony-raised
mongrel hound-type dogs which they know are healthy and are :not
rets. These dogs are also very uniform in size, which is useful
or research, but they are more expensive than the random source
dogs (but not as expensive as defined source dogs).
s which ma
or research
have been someone's
b~cause they are less
(38) Depending on' the contract, this may be done by the vendor
or by VRB.
(5) This includes a blood test for microfilaria. Defined source
dogs are also examined visually for mal formations (such as
dysplasia) and proper characteristics for the breed.
(68) If the vendor does not want the animal returned.
specifies that this is a credit to ACS.
Contract
(7) Prior to quarantiLe.
(8) The dogs are no longer tattooed, but keep their USDA tags,
and are given a compute~ number cross-referenced to that tag.
(9) This is not another quarantine, but a logistical bottleneck.
The dogs could actually be issued within a few days, but are
often held two weeks or more. The PI does not pay for these
days; the entire cost falls on ACS. The dogs are housed together
as a block of purchased dogs, 3-4 toa kennel. Purchased and
produced dogs are never mixed, to prevent the spread of disease.
(The present problem <<ith br:Jcellosis probably originated with
purchased dogs.)
* Veterinary Resources Branch, National Institutes of Health
..
~Cni{cl.l..${n{C$ ,S)cnn{c
WASHINGTON. D_C, 20510
July 29, 1985
Letter to Mr. Tom Hodak: address deleted
Thank you for wrltlng to make me awa~e of your sU9~0~t for
les:s:ation to auarantee the hu~ane treatment ar.d care of live
anImals used in-laboratory ~esearch.
In the last session of the Congress, I cosponsored the
Animal Welfare Research Study Act, which called for a .
co~prehensive study of the use of live animals in biomedical and
behavioral research. This study was approved by the Congress as
part of the Health Research Extension Act of 1984, but was
unfortunately vetoed by the President.
Once enacted, the study I have proposed would provide the
Congress, the public, and the research community with vital
information on the use of live animals in biomedical and
behavioral research. It would examine the number and types of
animals tested: the purposes for which animals are used: and the
extent to which accredited laboratories and research facilities
protect animals against inhumane treatment. It would also
evaluate attempts of the National Institutes of Health to develop
testing methods which reduce the number of an:~als used in
painful experimentation.
Overall, the study would explore alternatives to the use of
li.e aniwals in scientific research, and it would examine methods
which protect animals to ensure their humane care, treatment, and
appropriate use by the National Institutes of Health and its
agencies.
The protection of live animals in research is of great
importance. Medical research has brought many blessings to
.American citizens, but it should not subject animals to needless
mutilation, pain, or questionable LD50 tests in which toxic
substances are inhumanely administered to healthy animals.
For this reason, 1 have been at the forefront of initiatives
to address animal welfare, so that a proper assessment of current
research may be completed and remedial measures taken where
required. Although regulations concerning: the use of pound
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animals are enerall determined at the ~et~ rather than federal
_eve , I SUCJort attemots to curta1l the use of these animals for
r:search. In aGcl t ion-;-T-rntenoto-T01TOW-C!ose1y the Sl tua t10n
surrounding the awarding of NIH grants to the University of
Pennsylvania's Head Injury Clinic.
I would like to thank yo~ a~ain for writing to give me your
views on this im~ortant subject. Your comments will be of value
to me in Congress as we seek to deal wisely and effectively with
this e~sential issue.
With best wishes,
Sincerely,
,
~~'
EMK/bcm
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,
lalifornia Animal Control
Directors' Association
Position Statement
of
California Animal Control Directors' Association, Inc.
on
Sena te Bill 883
Po 1 icy Heari ng
Senate Judiciary Committee
April 19. 1983
Presented By: Patrick J. English. Senior Vice-President
Prepared By: Jill Pearson
..
..
The California Animal Control Directors' Association, Inc. is a private,
non-profit corporation under the laws of the State of California. This
Drg~nization was developed for many purposes, some of which are to promote
uniform laws pertaining to animal control ~rograms, improve the image of animal
control functions, and to assist and appear before legislative bodies for the
purpose of giving professional opinions regarding existing and proposed
legislation pertaining to animal control functions. The Association is compiled
,
of directors of animal control agencies. directors of humane societies. and other
people who significantly contribute to the animal control field.
Within our organization are agencies that sell animals for research and
others that do not, or have discontinued this practice. Again this year, at
our annual conference, we voted by an overwhelming majority to endorse and
support Senator Roberti's legislation which prevents the sale of animals by
shelters for research DurDose~.
One of the main purposes of animal control is to provide shelter--"something
that affords protection"--to animals needing a temporary home. The general
public trusts animal control programs to give animals sanctuary until the owner
reclaims the animal or until it has been adopted by another suitable owner.
As directors of animal control programs, it is our responSiblity to nurture
and maintain this public trust. People must be certain that when an animal i~
'taken to a shelter it will be given Droper and humane care and Drotec~
this trust is rapidly waning as more, and more people hear about the thousands
of animals that are,sold by shelters each year to medical researchers. The
impact this has on local government is that government leaders are finding it
necessary to spend increasing amounts of time and energy explaining to concerned
and emotional citizens why these animals are being allowed to be sold to researchers
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shelters a poor image. If the public thinks a shelter will sell animals for
research, they are less likely to bring animals in to us. They believe the
animal will have a better life roaming free than living with the possibility
of being used for research. This creates more work for animal control by
forcing officers to round up these stray animals instead of having the public
bring them to the shelters. In addition, this increase in stray dogs puts the
public at greater risk of being bitten by dogs. This impact on local
government is costly and unnecessary because it creates the need for
supplemental funding to local animal control agencies and an increase in health
care costs for services provided to the public.
When the possibility of shelters selling animals for resPArrh ;s removed,
so will many of the problems for animal control. People will trust shelters
and bring animals to them rather than requiring animal control officers to
round up the animals. People will feel certain that if their dog is not
adopted it will be humanely euthanized rather than subjected to medical
research. The public will be more likely to adopt animals from shelters because
their trust has been renewed. In the short run, shelters may make more money
by selling dogs for research purposes. But in the long run money will be lost
because of the extra enforcement work created at an additional cost to local
governments.
The public believes that animal control programs serve a useful role in
finding homes for unowned animals, for assuring humane treatment of animals, and
for humanely disposing of unclaimed animals. As an association dedicated to
seeing that these ideals are maintained throughout state animal control programs,
we urge ('Jlr support "c,r this important legislation that will benefit both animals
and people,
3
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01 P~'" T "'F,'l r 0" "IQUi' M"
I'''''' 73!.'1'"
l,^~I', C,\l.Il URNI" "'01..
9 AUgUHt 1982
Re:
+.
5.8. 1438
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN,
I am a veterinarian. My title ie A..i.t.nt Profe.eor of Surgery (Ophthalmology>
.It the Schoul of Veterinary Medic.in., Un1ve",slt of Calltornla. Dav1.s. l.ne
!IItatemelltlJ L WTttr. are my own and I a,. not represent ng tan V4rs y of
CalJf0rnlJl.
t have been doing re.earch for tha laet 8 years. I have utilized purpo.e-
bred and pound anlmal. in my re.earch. It is my opinlon that pound animals are
generally inferior to purpo.e-bred .nimals and can lead to unrellable result..
Because or th1s it may b. nac..aery to use mora of the.. an1mala than puroo..-
bred animal. in order to get .tati.tically valid re.ult..
Presently, I am convinced that the major rea.on researchers or teaching insti-
tutiOIl" U"~ pound animals is becaua. of the relative cheapness of thes. ani1ll&la.
It 98ems that, in most cases. thare 11 a willingness to sacrifice good aclentlIlC
protocol fur economy. I leel this is not a good practice, Perhaps if the research
is not attractive enough to granting agencies to allow a budget sufficient for
more ~ppropriate animals, then it p~obably is not worth doing. Frequently tapes
or other alternatives are sati.factory for teaching so that the number of
anlmals used can be minimized.
As a result of my experience, t have concluded that 5.8. 14J8 i9 a good bill
and should be supported. This bill will not stop resuarch nr teaching, Inatead,
because or the economic consequence., it will make ua more circumspect in our
use of animals in research and teaching. Perhapa this will lead to betta~ and
qnly necessary research that la designed to truly bot tel' humankind and nonhumankind.
"
-,' ,.^
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'Ned Buyukmihci, V,M,D~
Assistant Proleesor of Ophthalmology
NB/dhw
'* Now sa 883
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11070 SAN "".L.O ..veNUI;
t.l. CC"RITO. CALl .......1" ,,"!i~O
.4111152".0777
~larch 23, 1982
Dr. Michael A. Giannelli
3323 W. 84th st.
lngle~ood, CA 90305
Dear Dr. Giannelli,
I am happy to support your efforts to prohibit dog pounds from
selling cats or dogs for vivisection or laboratory experiments ;,'hether
these be for the training of medical or veterinary students or others.
I was a student in veterinary schools in London and Edinburgh and
it is to be noted that ari tish medical and veterinary s,chools train
their students on dead animals and that vivisection for teaching
purposes isprohibi ti,ed.
I was an instructor at the universit of California in Davis for
four years teac ~ng surglca anatomy. u ents ~ere requ~re 0 0
practice surgery and postoperative aftercare on the dogs we used. For
reasons of economy the same dog was used by the same students for a
series of surgeries performed t~ice a ~eek, during which the unfortunat'
animal suffered removal of its spleen, one limb, one eye, part of lts
stomach, some of its intestine as well as invasion of its chest and
spinal cord. aet~een these surgeries it was nursed and cared for by the
students, and generally put to sleep after three or four weeks and
six or more major surgeries.
Many of the animals that end up in the pound are either donated
by their previous owners. but most are strays or lost dogs and have beel
loved and cared for by people who would like to have them back. In
either case, 1t 1S horrible to contem late that someone's pet is going
to be systemat1cally lsme ere an mu 1 a e 0 glve p
students.
For most surgical purposes, if live animals must be had, other
animals such as rabbits could be used. These could be bred at the
schools or purchased from commercial breeders much more economically
than dogs are at present.
Thus not only are there satisfactory alternatives to the training
of students, but more economical ones and we should prohibit the sale
or use of what were recently someone's pet animals for vivisection or
experime~tal purposes.
Yours sincerely.
:
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Geol9t I.inton DW.,: MI<CVS.
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THE BRITISH
V ETE RI ~ d-.RY
ASSOCI~TIO~
7. ').fA.."SFIELD S T
LONDON W1~! OAI
-:'U:".O"I: 01.- d~ ~~4Jf...
~."" UI "U,;UTT ~Q1:t~
Dr ;- E (jl!J10n
D V 5<JR C V 5, rr filo!,
PrtJUi'M'
TEG/ODT
1 Septl!'lllber 1982
Dr Robert
51 Harley
Lannon
\.11:1 I DD
Sharpe
S t re e t
Dcar Dr So,:::?e,
Li'J~ ani:nals J.re not used in "su:":ival sur2;~r)" i,,[; ,:hi~ ":ollnt~7 as they
~lr~ i.n (he U.S.A. T:1e SW"3nn Coe=c.it:t-ae sot:.e :'t!.lrs .1';" su~g,ested chat :.;~~
'Jeterinary schoots should '.:on5id~r its '.lse but ::,~ vl~t~rin.3.r~' sc:-.C'ol.s,
the aVA and the Roya.l Collt!ge of Vet~t'ir.3.ry Sur;~cns 'Je!'e .1~1 .1gJ.lns:: it.
'JetE!rinary students get their i.nitial e.X?~r:enc~ i:l .il.;r6'::~j 'J:r o?t~r1cion$
per~vr::Jed 'In rl.ead J.nic.1.1:;. r;,en ::hey obs~rl~ ~x,?lo!r:.o?~,:~d ~11r:r.!lJns .!t
~ork, n~xt cake p3rc along .Jith the ~urg~cn and :~n~l_1 ~arT1 ou~
operations unaer ;::-:~tr suoertision. All c::i.s on ,:m:..=..J.L,:.i ;J...l.cn ~e~ci the
o'Per.Jttons .::or cu:-atlVf! ~n;=?oses. T:H:! i.d~a of. ::.:1k:.n,; h.aal::hy ,....ni:.rvl:i $ick '*
fot' ?ur?oses of trai:-.ir.g ~3 tot<111y ri!?u~.1nc ::0 tl~e jJrofl.:!sSL..JO ..l.=l ::nlS )Nt
COUl1CT7.
-K
'[aurs stncerely,
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3087 No. ACACIA AVE.,
SAN 8ERNARDINO, CA. 92405,
(714) 886-0124
I..l\. S 'I'
(;111\.N(;I~
10.'
11
18653 VENTURA 8LVD., SUITE 3
TARZANA, CA. 913S6,
(213) 275-0292
Unhcd in Direct Action
[or Animal Rights!
ANOTHER
NEW "MI RACLE"
(as it vvas 'First announced)
THAT'S NOT A CURE
BUT ANOTHER TREATMENT
WITH VERY SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS
THAT CAN
KILL PATIENTS
NOT CURE THEM!
.. Monday, Dec. 9, 1985 . The Sun - A-:3
Cancer patient killed by new treatment'
By PIIILlP M, BOFFEY
New York Times. News Service
W ASIIINGTON - A new exper'
imental cancer treatment that
generated widespread publicity
and enthusiasm when it was an.
nounced last week has killed one
of the patients receiving It. the
National Cancer Institute's top
surgeon said Sunday.
The death occurred weeks be-
fore the announcement last
Wednesday that the new treat.
menl, involving use of a natural
substance, tnterleukln-2, to sUmu.
late the body's Immune system
BRainst cancer. had achieved
promising results in 11 of the first
25 patients treated,
Although all those receiving
the drug were suffering from ad.
vanced stages of cancer, the pa-
tient who died was not one of
those first 25 and thus was not
mentioned In the initial scientific
~epo~ and news release concern-
mg t e new treatment, according
to Dr. Steven A. Rosenberg, chief
of surgery at the cancer institute
and head of the research team
that has developed the new thera.
py,
Rosenberg spoke In a tele,
phone interview after his reve-
lation Sunday morning, on the
CBS News program "Face the Na,
tlon," that one patient had died
from the new treatment, His re-
marks on that program made the
10xlc side effects from the new
~ seem fotenUallY more se.
vere at mos early reports had
mdlcated,
However, the occurrence of
toxic side effects does not mean
that the new therapy will be 01 no
value. All 01 tbe major cancer issued by the caneer Institute la'
treatments currentl tn wide use week devoted onlv one Dara~raD
nc u m~ sur~erY. ra at on an to side effects, It mentioned trar
Dotent dru~s, have adverse side stent chills and fever. and, mor
effects that harm some patients. slgnltlcantly, fluid retention th'
Those stde effects are deemed caused significant weight gain i
acce table b cancer s eclallsts? 16 01 the IIrst '25 patients an
ecause t e treatments are not' "mild breathing dlttlcultles In 2
used, the patients are apt to die patients." Tbe adverse side e
from tbe disease. - lects, the news release said, dlsal
Indeed, virtually all dru~ In. , peared promplly In all 25 patlen
eluding penlclllln, a renown 'l1te wben the treatment stopped, ?
saver, can'harm natlents who are , 'Sunday, Rosenberg used sInn
especially sensitive, and dru~s or what stronger language In d
other thera les that are In a v scribing the toxicity to televlsle
ear y stage 0 exper menta evel.', viewers. He said that "the side,
o&ment are olten more UllllC tnan fects could be oulte severe." Son
t e ultlmate treatment neeause patients.galo up to 20 or 30 POUOI
the best dosages and forms of ad. 01 fluid In the tlrst two or thr<
ministration have yet to be dlscov. weeks 01 therapy, he sald. al
ered. that can lead to shortness'
--;;;e lour,page news release on breath and dysfunction 01 the ki
the new Interleukln-2 treatment neys and liver.
,
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l..,):;1.0. ..2'00.~E58~ES:' 3J::c
AMERICAN.
HEART
ASSOCIATION
San Bernardino County Chapter · Affili.,.d wilh,,,,,
California H..rr AlSoci.rion
@
575 BIRCH COURT. SUITE E. F 0 COLTON. CALIFORNIA 9232.0 TELEPHONE 17'.182.-&0'8
INCORPORATED 1950
OFFICERS 7985-7986
Kathleen Tointr, A.N.
P,.,ident
P8tricie Thoma.. R.N.P.
a,.irm.n of th. BCMrd
Lawrence D. Raphlll, M.D.
Vie. P,.,idMlt
Dell Jemes. R.N.
Sec,.mry
Mrs. Jean Crittenden
Treasurer
Ms. Uilde A. Stevens
Executj~ Director
December 19, 1985
The Honorable Mayor & Common Council
City Clerk's Office
300 North "0" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Randy Aguilera. D.D.S.
Leonerd L Bailey. M.D.
Mrs. Sheila Berred
O.....id Bolivar, M.D.
Marilyn Cobb, R.N.
Mr. Ron Coniglio
Charles M. Cowin. M.D.
Mrs. Oiena DeMarco
Mrs. Mary Jane Finley
Garry J. FitzGerald, M,D.
Mr. K.....in Foist
Alex Frazin, C.PA.
Joyce Friesen, R.N.
.IIIne Goetz. R.N.
Ursula Griffin, M.s., A.D.
Gloria Heegelin, R.N.
J. Roger Harris
Kenneth Jutzy. M.D.
Frank C. Letson, M.D.
Brian McCormick, Coroner
Mrs. Flo McGray
Ms. Elaine Marable
Chief David Mathew'S
Alberto Mejia, M_D.
Richerd N. Moersch, M.D.
James Morrison, M.D.
Petrick Moloney, M.D.
Lynn Mundin, R.N.
Ricnard L. Neil, M.D.
Nhon Nguyen, M.D.
Reginald Price, Ed.D.
Alvin J_ Reisch, M.D.
Mr. Patrie Rutherford
William Spahn, M.D.
Levaun Sutton, R.N.
Donald Thornton, M.D.
Lewrence E. Ver Husen, M.D.
Dear Mayor & Council:
The American Heart Association, San Bernardino County Chapter,
would like to be included on the agenda for the special city
council meeting scheduled for Thursday, January 9, 1986,
6:00 p.m. Lawrence D. Raphael, M.D., President-elect, would
like to address the issue of research and animal rights.
We understand that this will be a public hearing and everyone
will have the opportunity to address the council.
Sincerely,
\/ ~~() ""-~~~~
Kathy T01ster, R.N.
President
8i
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KT:bt
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Ul .,
(X)
AD VISORY COMMITTEE
Mrs. Leona Aronoff
I. Hunter Crittenden, M.D.
Mr. Aaron Katz
Melvin B. Ross. M.D.
Mrs. Betty Ver Husen
Mr. Philip Wagner
William H.Willis, Jr., M.D.
The Heer7 Associetion's Annuellndependem Fund ReisingCempaigns Provide the Dollars for Community Programs and Resaarch
u
AMERICAN
HEART
ASSOCIATION
San Bernardino County Chapter
· Affili.red with 'M
C.liforni. H."" AnDci.rion
575 BIRCH COURT. SUITE E. F 0 COLTON. CALIFORNIA 923200 TELEPHONE 17'01 B20.eO'6
INCORPORATED 1950
OFFICERS '985.7986
Kathleen Toister, R.N.
President
Petricia Thomas, R.N.P.
"'.i"""n of m" BOIIrd
Lawrence D. Rlphael, M.D.
Vice PrB,iden t
Dell James, R.N_
SecfflrBry
Mrs. Jean Crittenden
Tre.surer
Ms. Linda A. Stevens
EXflCurive Director
December 19, 1985
The Honorable Mayor & Common Council
City Clerk's Office
300 North "0" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
80ARO OF DIRECTORS
Randy Aguilera, D.D.S.
Leonerd L aailey. M.D.
Mrs. Sheila Barrad
David Bolivar, M.D.
Marilyn Cobb, R.N.
Mr. Ron Coniglio
Charles M.Cowan, M_D,
Mrs. Diana DeMarco
Mrs. Mary Jene Finley
Garry J. FitzGerald, M.D.
Mr. Kevin Foist
Alex Frazin, C.P.A.
Joyce Friesen, R.N.
Jlne Goetz, R.N.
Ursula Griffin, M.s.. A.D.
Gloria Haegelin, R.N.
J. Roger Harris
Kenneth Jutzy I M.D.
Frenk C. Letson, M.D.
Brian McCormick, Coroner
Mrs. Flo McGray
Ms. Elaine Marable
Chief David Mathews
Alberto Mejia, M.D_
Richard N. Moersch, M.D.
James Morrison, M.D.
Patrick Moloney, M.D.
Lynn Mundin, R.N.
Richard L. Neil, M.D.
Nhon Nguyen, M.D_
Reginald Price, Ed,D. '
Alvin J. Reisch, M.D.
Mr, Patrie Rutherford
William Spahn, M.D.
Lavaun Sutton, A,N.
Donald Thornton, M.D_
Lawrence E. Ver Husen, M.D_
Dear Mayor & Council:
The American Heart Association, San Bernardino County Chapter,
would like to be included on the agenda for the special city
council meeting scheduled for Thursday, January 9, 1986,
6:00 p.m. Lawrence D. Raphael, M.D., President-elect, would
like to address the issue of research and animal rights.
We understand that this will be a public hearing and everyone
will have the opportunity to address the council.
Sincerely,
\/ ('((.t(>) ~1 ~>::vL
Kathy Toister, R.N.
President
KT:bt
AD VISOR Y COMMITTEE
Mrs. Leona Aronoff
I. Hunter Crittenden, M.D.
Mr, Aaron Katz
Melvin B. Ross, M.D.
Mrs, Betty Ver Husen
Mr. Ph itip Wagner
William H. Willis, Jr., M,D.
~ All
rn
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c_
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The Heart Association's Annual Independent Fund R8isingCamp8igns Provide the Dol/ars for Community Progrllms and Research
l-
e.
. . .
.
Michael A, Giannelli, Ph.D,
Director
CHARTER MEMBERS:
The American Anti -Vivisection
Society
The American Humane
Association
The American Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals
Animal Protection Institute
of Americ.a
Fund for Animals
The Humane Society of
the United States
Massadlusetts Society fOl'
the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals
The Michigan Humane Society
The National Anti-Vivisection
Society
New England Anti -Vivisection
Society
-- -
The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets, Ine.
3123 Cahuenga Boulevard West, Los Angeles, California 90068 (213) 937-PETS
en
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December 23, 1985
~
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Ms. Shauna Clark, City Clerk
San Bernardino City Hall
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, California 92401
Dear Ms. Clark:
I wish to express my appreciation to the San Bernardino City
Council for the opportunity to speak at the hearings scheduled
January 9, 1986, regarding the sale of shelter animals to lab-
oratories. The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets supports
efforts to restore the San Bernardino City Shelter to the hunillne
purposes for which it was established. We oppose the use of the
city shelter as a source of laboratory animals.
In preparation for the hearings, I have attached the following:
1) Scientific Considerations in Support of Pound
Seizure Prohibition
2) Fiscal Considerations in Support of Pound Seizure
Prohibition
3) Using Pound Animals for Medical or Veterinary Training
4) Inspection Reports: Univ. of California, Los Angeles
5) General Accounting Office Report on USDA Enforcement of
Animal Welfare Act: Half of California Labs Not Inspected
(The Washington Post, May 22, 1985)
6) Recent and Current Animal Research at the University of
California, Los Angeles
Please feel free to contact me if I may be of further assistance in
this important matter.
Sincerely,
m:dd /J.~
Michael A. Giannelli, Ph.D.
Director
MAG:vlr
Encls.
Michael A. Giannelli. Ph.D.
Director
CHARTER MEMBfRS:
The A.merican Anti. Vivisection
Society
The American Humane
Association
The American Society for
the Prevention of Cruelly to
Animals
Animal Protection Institute
of America
Fund for Animals
The Humane Soc.ietyof
the United States
Massachusetts So<iety for
the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals
The Michigan Humane Society
The National Anti-Vivisection
Society
New England Anti. Vivisection
Society
---
-
The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets, Inc.
3123 Cahuenga Boulevard West, Los Angeles, California 90068 (213) 937-PETS
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION SUPPORTING
POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION
The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets (ProPets)
is dedicated to restoring our nation's public and private
animal shelters to their original purpose of sanctuary.
We are opposed to the use of lost or abandoned pets for
scientific procedures ("pound seizure").
ProPets does not advocate or condone the use of so-
called "purpose-bred" animals as an alternative to using
pound or shelter animals. Nevertheless, it has long been
recognized by research professionals that there are sub-
stantial scientific disadvantages to using former pet
animals because of their unknown medical, genetic and
environmental backgrounds. Some of this authoritative
documentation is cited on the following pages.
Michael A. Giannelli, Ph.D.
Director
~ -~- --
...
.tALIFORNIA PHVSICIANS, VETERINARIANS, PH. D.~
AriD OTHER DOCTORS *
"Pound seizure is an ill-conceived practice, damagmg to the good name of
sCIence and to its Quality The use of aOlmals from shelters for
experimentation IS not only unnecessary and unethical, it IS detrimental to
sound research,
Strays are of undetermined genetic, environmental and medical tJuc:':ground.
They react unpredictably and inconsistently, making Questionable the
reliability of most research in which they are used. Pound seizure
perpetuates Inferior research,
The use of shelter animals for experimentation creates a schism between pet
owners and research scientists. The interests and needs of science can be
served without the use of unclaimed pets in research,
Pound seizure is an unsound practice, Its prohibition in California should not
be delayed:
NAME (please print)
DEGREE
SIGNATURE
ADDRESS
DATE
* S.ta.temel'Lt .6.{.gned by 210 phY.6.{.CMUt6. 157 vUvUnaM.itI'L6, 199 Ph. V. '.6.
and 170 otheJt pJtOne.6.6.{.onaLI w.u:h doaolUtl degltee.6; fut on name.6 pltO-
v.{.ded upon lteqUe.6t.
-. --- -
-
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION SUPPORTING POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION
* "Pound Seizure is an ill-conceived practice, damaging to the
good name of science and to its quality. The use of animals
from shelters for experimentation is not only unnecessary and
unethical, but it is detrimental to sound research.
Strays are of undetermined genetic, environmental and medical
background. They react unpredictably and inconsistently, making
questionable the reliability of most research in which they are
used. Pound Seizure perpetuates inferior research.
The use of shelter animals for experimentation creates a schism
between pet owners and research scientists. The interests and
needs of science can be served without the use of unclaimed pets
in research. Pound Seizure is an unsound practice."
1983-84 STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION SIGNED BY
CALIFORNIA PHYSICIANS (210), VETERINARIANS (157), PH.D.s (199) AND
OTHERS (170) WITH DOCTORAL DEGREES: List of names available upon request.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -
"Intramurally, NIH does not use any animal from a pound or shelter
but rather acquires any purchased dogs, cats and primates from
USDA registered and approved dealers. None of these dealers
acquire animals from pound or shelters; they come from both pur-
pose-bred colonies and from a few dealers who buy animals from
rural areas (farm dogs and cats). As has been the case for over
a decade, NIH supplies the majority of its intramural requirements
for dogs through the inhouse breeding program in Poolesville."
THOMAS L. WOLFLE, D.V.M., PH.D., EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, INTERAGENCY RESEARCH
ANIMAL COMMITTEE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTI-
TUTES OF HEALTH; LETTER DATED AUGUST 26, 1985.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"For biomedical research involving laboratory animals to be effect-
ive in the sense that results from different laboratories can be
compared and evaluated, there must be recognized criteria for
animal care, including definitions of animal health status and
genetic constitution. Genetic uniformity, which facilitates re-
producibility of experiments, is highly desirable in experiment-
ation with animals and should be utilized whenever practicable."
LABORATORY ANIMAL MANAGEMENT:
p. A4.
GENETICS - NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - 1979;
* ITALICS ADDED THROUGHOUT
1.
I'Genetic characteristics are among the most important factors to
be considered in selecting animals for use in biomedical research.
Experimental results reported by previous investigators may be
impossible to reproduce when the experiment is repeated on animals
obtained from different sources."
GUIDE FOR THE CARE AND USE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS - NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
HEALTH - 1978; p. 15.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"\ole have been actively trying to educate the biomedical research
scientist that the animal used should be equal or of better quality
than the instrument used to measure the results.. .Hopefully, this
may at least allay some fears that the house pet is a good animal
for research purposes. It is not a good or desirable research
animal.lI
DR. THOMAS BO\olERY - PAST DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF RESEARCH RESOURCES, NATIONAL
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH - CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY; 1972; p. 4.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Science requires uniformity in its experimental tools so that
variables may be reduced and experiments made reliable, accurate,
precise and reproducible. The two variables in living things are
genetic makeup and environmental history. Pound animals are
arguably poor tools for scientific work because all of them are to
some extent physically, tempermentally, and genetically unknown
quantities (p. 28).. .One alternative is to use, in all chronic
experiments, animals bred for laboratory use. The scientific
benefits of using these animals arise from the reduction of
variables and the consequent increase in precision and reliability
of results. The economic benefits of using these animals are
associated with the scientific benefits: improvement in scientific
results lowers the cost of experimentation.. .Finally, since the
variables are reduced, fewer animals are required.. .Apparently
without dissent, the scientific community accepts the wisdom of
this alternative (p. 8.)"
CALIFORNIA SENATE FACT FINDING COM}lITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY -
JANUARY, 1967.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2.
---
-
"Long, chronic studies in which many hours or years of study are
invested in the animals require that they be uniform and unvarying.
Slight changes due to stress or hardly noticeable changes in blood
cell values often add sufficient variability when analyzing data,
making interpretations difficult or impossible. Additional animals
may have to be added to the study sample or additional studies per-
formed to account for the uncontrolled variability produced by the
variable backgrounds of exposure and handling of the pound animals."
LEGISLATIVE HANDBOOK (DRAFT) - AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL
SCIENCE - 1981; p. 16.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Mongrels are usually infested with parasites and often are diseased
and in poor health. Purebred dogs, especially beagles specifically
developed and bred for research purposes, do not have these problems
and are less likely to die of extraneous causes during experiments.
Thus, an experiment with purebred beagles requires many fewer
animals - perhaps only one tenth as many - to get statistically
significant results.11
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - LOS ANGELES TIMES - JUNE 24, 1974; p. 5.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"The use of disease free cats is necessary in order to evaluate
physiologically normal animals...All of this is required in order
to eliminate as many variables as possible, to exclude any extraneous
data from influencing the research results and to maximize the prob-
ability of obtaining usable data from each experimental animal.
If less well controlled populations of cats are used, the loss of
data and the decreased survival due to complicating factors ultimately
results in a requirement for more animals, more time and greater
expense."
JOHN L. NALER, CHIEF, INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGISLATIVE DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF
THE ARMY - LETTER DATED FEBRUARY 12, 1972; p. 2.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"First, laboratory reared animals will be of better quality.. .The
use of these animals will increase the validity of the research and
eliminate a variety of hazards to personnel. Second, the supply of
(continued)
3.
(continued)
uniform groups of genetically characterized animals will result
in better standardization..."
DR. JOE R. HELD, DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF RESEARCH SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTES
OF HEALTH - INT. J. FOR THE STUDY OF ANIMAL PROB.; 2 (1), 1981; p. 34.
"The requirements for breeding and supplying establishments should
be specified in greater detail and should be no less stringent
than those for user establishments. The restriction of the use of
dogs and cats should not be limited to those found 'straying.' The
restriction should apply to dogs and cats 'lost, stolen or strayed.'
The use for experimental purposes of cats or dogs taken from the
streets should never be permitted."
SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES ON LIVING ANIMALS (CMND 8883) - COMMENTS SUBMITTED TO
THE HOME SECRETARY BY THE BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOCIATION; SEPTEMBER, 1983.
"The use of stray or ownerless domestic animals for experimental pur-
poses is not recommended. Such animals may be in poor physical con-
dition and thus unsuitable as experimental subjects, or may have
been stolen from their owners. These risks are avoided by obtaining
animals from reliable sources.11
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INVOLVING ANIMALS - XVIIth COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE; GENEVA, SWITZERLAND;
DECEMBER 8-9, 1983.
"The Laboratory Animal Science Association believes that for
scientific, economic and ethical reasons all dogs and cats, in
common with other animals used for research, should be bred for
this purpose. The Association therefore urges that every effort
should be made, both in the U.K. and overseas, initially to regulate
and later to prohibit the purchase of dogs and cats for research
purposes except from recognized breeders."
LABORATORY ANIMALS, 1981, Vol. 15, pp. 405-412.
4.
"Straying
cedures.
1 of thie
animals of a domesticated species shall not be used in pro-
A general exemption made under the conditions of paragraph
Article may not extend to stray dogs and cats."
AD HOC COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF ANIMALS (CAHPA); EUROPEAN
CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS USED FOR EXPERIMENTAL
AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on May 31,
1985); Article 21, Paragraph 3, p. 10.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"The Scientists Group for Refbrm of Animal Experimentation, an organ-
ization including physicians, veterinarians and research scientists,
is opposed to the use of pound animals for research and experimentation
on both scientific and ethical grounds...The scientific community is
realizing increasingly, that the use of random source animals intro-
duces many unsuspected variables, which can seriously affect the out-
come of an experiment, and lead to false conclusions. Further work
based on these conclusions leads to more and more waste of time and
money, and delays progress. This has been officially recognized in
Sweden where, by law, only purpose-bred animals may be used for
research.1t
SCIENTISTS GROUP FOR REFORM OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION - STATEMENT ON POUND
SEIZURE.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"As a physician it is my opinion as I expressed to you that there is
little if any need to utilize household type pets in the area of
medical research. Certainly there has been extensive data derived
on utilization of inbred animals etc...specifically for the purpose
of controlled research studies and thus there seems little need to
use pets for these purposes.
Thus I concur entirely with you that there is no true documented need
for the current utilization and I feel that it is unkind and cruel
utilization of pets for these purposes."
WILLIAM S. CRYAN, M.D., CONSULTANT IN RHEUMATOLOGY, ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATES OF
LONG BEACH }ffiDICAL GROUP; LETTER DATED AUGUST 22, 1983.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"I am a veterinarian. My title is Assistant Professor of Surgery
(Opthalmology) at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of
(continued)
5 .
(continued)
California, Davis. The statements I write are my own and I am not
representing the University of California.
1 have been doing research for the last 8 years. I have utilized
purpose-bred and pound animals in my research. It is my opinion that
pound animals are generally inferior to purpose-bred animals and can
lead to unreliable results. Because of this it may be necessary to
use more ot these an1ma~than purpose-bred animals in order to get
statistically valid results.
Presently, I am convinced that the major reason researchers of
teaching institutions use pound animals is because of the relative
cheapness of these animals. It seems that, in most cases, there
is a willingness to sacrifice good scientific protocol for economy.
I feel this is not a good practice. Perhaps if the research is
not attractive enough to granting agencies to allow a budget suf-
ficient for more appropriate animals, then it probably is not
worth doing."
NED BUYUKMIHCI, V.M.D., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF OPTHALMOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA, DAVIS; LETTER DATED AUGUST 9, 1982.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"I am Dr. Moneim Fadali, a surgeon in private practice and also
on the clinical staff of UCLA. I have been involved with surgical
research including animal research for several years at university
institutions.
I can comfortably state the following: stray animals and animals
obtained from animal shelters are not good subjects for precise
scientific research. There are so many important pieces of infor-
mation that are missing, such as genetic background of the animal,
environmental conditions, past history of diseases, vaccinations
and medications that the animal could have received. The age of
the animal is important, also. All these factors, in my judgment
can alter the response of animals to the experimental procedure
performed and, therefore, can lead to mixed results with unreliable
conclusions obtained.
For reproducibility and precise animal research, animals are bred
for the purpose of research under controlled conditions. When this
is done many variables that can interfere with scientific accuracy
are eliminated. This, too, could be economical and cost effective
since eliminating variables and unknowns from any experimental
setting will undoubtedly result in decreases in the number of experi-
mental observations required to reach a certain scientific conclusion."
MONEIM A. FADALI, H.D.. F.A.C.S.; LETTER DATED MAY 31, 1983.
6.
"The symposium on Environmental and Genetic Factors Affecting Lab-
oratory Animals...was organized to emphasize the significant effect
that even slight environmental or genetic changes can have on experi-
mental results. ..A Common error in basic science research is the
assumption that the animals used in different laboratories or under
varying environmental conditions in the same laboratory are all
similar. This assumption, based on the absence of gross signs of
disease, overlooks the possibility of equally important altered or
abnormal biologic responses...
The biologic processes that are modified by these environmental
factors include behavioral, physiological, endocrinologic, phar-
macological and biochemical responses. ..In addition, many genetic
factors have been identified that can alter the way an animal re-
sponds under a wide variety of experimental conditions...Many
investigators do not fully recognize the influence of environmental
and genetic variables on experimental results or the fact that
failure to give an adequate description of these variables makes
it difficult, if not impossible, to duplicate an experiment in
other laboratories...
This lack of standards makes it even more important for investi-
gators to be aware of the role that slight variations in the environ-
ment or genetic constitution may play in the interpretation of data...
It is our hope that the papers in this symposium will stimulate
investigators to give more consideration to the effect of environ-
mental variables on the animals used in research projects."
DR. C. MAX LANG & DR. ELLIOT S. VESELL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS
AFFECTING LABORATORY ANIMALS: IMPACT ON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; FEDERATION
PROCEEDINGS; Vol 35. No.5; APRIL, 1976, FEDERATION OF AMERICAW SOCIETIES
FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, pp. 1123-1125.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"The aim of the chapter is to outline the current status of lab-
oratory animal science, and to consider some of the ways in which
the scientific validity of the work may be improved, and the suffer-
ing minimized, by the use of high quality, defined animals...
Although it is possible for a research worker to pay little attention
to the health and quality of the animals used in research, the best
results are undoubtedly obtained by those research workers who use
only microbiologically and genetically 'defined' animals which have
been properly acclimatized to the animal house environment...
Laboratory animals should also be genetically defined. Behaviour,
response to drugs, sex, weight, and shape of many organs, numbers,
and types of spontaneous tumours, and response to antigens depends
not only on the species but also on the strain of animal (Festing,
1979a)...They are much better experimental subjects...
(continued)
7 .
(continued)
The microbiologically and genetically defined laboratory animal,
maintained in a controlled environment, fed on a defined diet
and cared for by trained animal technicians under the supervision
of a scientifically qualified animal curator is clearly a very
superior animal.. .Unfortunately, many scientists are not making
full use of such animals...
The animal tests are usually carried out on genetically variable
outbred stocks. Two arguments are used to justify the use of
such stocks.* These are firstly that the animal is used as a
'model' of man, and man is 'outbred', therefore out-bred labor-
atory animals should be uEed. Secondly, it is a~ued that the
tests should include animals of a wide range of different geno-
types in order to get a broad genetic base for extrapolation to
man.
Unfortunately, neither of these ar~uments will withstand critical
evaluation (Festing, 1975, 1979c), and they result in the use of
genetically variable material which violates one of the first laws
of experimentation, na~e1y that the experimenter should control all
relevant variab1zs. An outbred stock is one in which there is an
unknown, ard uncontrollable, degree of genetic variation or 'noise'
which in critical situations may well obscure any treatment effect.
The argument that outbred animals should be used because man is
outbred fails to recognize the two-step nature of experimental
inference. In any experiment, the first step is to decide whether
the experimental treatment has affected these particular experimental
animals. This can be done most easily using inbred animals in which
uncontrolled genetic variation is absent. Only after this question
has been answered is it possible to interpret the importance of
these results in human terms. ..Use of an animal incapable, because
of 'noise', of distinguishing between two treatments is of no value
at all...
Even the use of disease-free animals has been resisted with argu-
ments based more on an emotional resistance to change rather than
a rational assessment of the benefits of such animals.
Expensive, but good quality animals are justified on the grounds
that such animals give substantially better results than poorer
quality ones, and the additional cost is insignificant in comparison
with the total cost of research...
In the universities, on the other hand, the higher cost of good
quality animals means that fewer can be purchased from a fixed
research budget which does not take account of all the costs in-
volved in animal experimentation. Thus, the researcher worker is
*The arguments referred to, here shown to be incorrect,
are used by proponents of "pound seizure: I i.e., people
are '''mongrels'' therefore we need mongrel random-source
animals for research.
(continued)
8 .
(continued)
tempted to stretch his research funds by buying cheap animals from
non-accredited sources, even though in strict accounting terms this
could be totally uneconomical. For example, the financial advantage
of using laboratory-bred dogs rather than conditioned pound (stray)
dogs was emphasized by Fletcher et al. (1969) in a comparative study
~ogs used in experimental open-heart surgery.. .Had the full cost
of the operation, including the surgeon's time also been taken into
account, the value of the laboratory-bred dog would have been ever
more overwhelming. Yet, research workers both in the USA and UK
continue to use these 'cheap' animals in the hope that it will pre-
serve their research budgets...
High quality, genetically and microbiologically defined animals may
easily be produced with current technology. The more widespread use
of such animals would give more valid scientific results and would
reduce the number of laboratory animals that become sick from disease
unrelated to the experimental treatment. Thus, on humanitarian and
economic grounds it is highly desirable;'
DR. MICHAEL F.W. FESTING (HEAD OF THE GENETICS DEPARTMENT, MEDICAL RESEARCH
COUNCIL, LABORATORY ANIMALS CENTRE, CARSHALTON, SURREY, ENGLAND). THE DEFINED
ANIMAL AND THE REDUCTION OF ANIMAL USE. IN: ANIMALS IN RESEARCH: NEW PER-
SPECTIVES IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION. DAVID SPERL INGER (EDITOR). NEW YORK:
JOHN WILEY & SONS, 1981, pp. 285-306.
9.
c'&
6\
. . I
.
Michael A, Giannelli. PI\,D,
Director
CHARTER MENERS,
The Arnerion Anti-Vivisectien
Soddy
The American HuNlM
As5.oc"tion
1be American Soctdy t.
IIlo Pro...... 01 CIuotIy to
AniNlls
Animal ProtectioII Iftstitllte
01_
FundforAniNlts
The_Soci<lyol
iMUnittdStltes
~usetb Society for
the Prevention of en.etty
'oAnimals
The Michigan tIurnIM Sodety
1be Nat_1 Anti-ViviS<<tiCllt
Soci<ly
New Eng~nd Anti.Yivisectioa
Soci<ly
The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets, Inc.
3123 Cahuenga Boulevard West. Los Angeles. California 9006B (213) 937.PETS
FISCAL INFORMATION SUPPORTING
POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION
The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets (ProPets) supports
legislation to prohibit the use and/or procurement of public and
private shelter animals for scientific purposes ("pound seizure").
ProPets does not advocate or condone the use of so-called
"purpose-bred" animals as an alternative to using pound or shelter
animals. Nevertheless, there is comp~lling evidence that, from a
strictly economic viewpoint, the use of non-pound animals is
advantageous. Although pound animals are cheaper than purpose-
bred animals in initial purchase price, this is false economy
because: a) pound animals must undergo e~ensive conditioning:
b) pound animals are more likely to become sick or die prematurely;
c) greater numbers of pound animals are required in research.
Some of the documentation supporting these points is cited on the
following pages.
Michael A. Giannelli, Ph.D.
Director
FISCAL INFORMATION SUPPORTING POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION
* !'r am a physician.
Increased cost for research animals would have no influence whatsoever as to
whether a federal agency a~proved a research grant. As the Administrator
for several years of the University of Southern California Medical School
Research and Training Center, I approved federal funding for a number of
medical research programs utilizing pound animals. None of these would have
been deferred if the price of the animals had been higher.
Increased costs are usually attributed to inflation, and the federal govern-
ment increases the grant accordingly. When they do not, the researcher will
still get the project funded but may have to make minor adjustments of his
budget internally.
Cheap pound animals may permit higher salaries for researchers. The research,
however, is not affected by animal cost.1I
JULIA P. BAILEY, M.D., LETTER TO SENATOR DAVID ROBERTI DATED AUGUST 10,
1982.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"A simple comparison between the initial purchase price of a random source
(pound) dog and a laboratory reared dog is a meaningless exercise. Such com-
parisons fail to get at the heart of the matter, for the really significant
costs are the costs associated with utilizing dogs in biomedical research...
To me, the truly expensive dog is the dog that is less than satisfactory for
the intended research."
DR. RAYMOND D. ZINN, (FORMER CHIEF, LABORATORY AIDS BRANCH, NATIONAL
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH);THE RESEARCH DOG. J. OF AMER. VET. MED. ASSOC.,
DECEMBER, 1968, p. 1885.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Cost Information - including start-up costs for the dog breeding colony:
preliminary cost accounting indicates that cost for a 4~ month old pup, 40 to
50 pounds in weight, to be approximately $280 to $300. The quality of these
animals is far superior in health and conformation to any that might be ob-
tained from the animal shelters for approximately )01, and the birth date
and vaccination and health histories ot the animals are known and recorded.
* ITALICS ADDED THROUGHOUT
(continued)
1.
(continued)
Finally, should legislation pass in the State of California prohibiting the
release of random source dogs to research institutions, the University of
California San Diego School of Medicine will be prepared to continue to meet
their animal resource needs with its own closed colony of healthy stock that
has been raised in a research environment."
JACK E. VANDERLIP, D.V.M. & SHARON LYNN VANDERLIP, D.V.M.. ESTABLISHING A
BREEDING COLONY USING RANDOM SOURCE DOGS. LAB ANIMAL. MAY-JUNE, 1983, p. 42.
(DR. JACK VANDERLIP IS DIRECTOR OF ANIMAL RESOURCES AND CAMPUS VETERINARIAN AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO).
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Next, I believe that the general use of pound animals in research is a
penny wise and ound foolish situation in man cases. Cleanin up and
'sizing' the typical group of pound dogs is often more expensive than buying
laboratory raised animals to start with. And even then there are still vari-
ables which must be taken into consideration in the final analysis or judgment.
The cost of laboratory raised animals, which are the very vehicle upon which a
significant decision is being made, is a very minor portion of the total cost
of most studies. Thus to use the research model as an area to economize is
often false economy. Over the years we have been involved with many 'reruns'
because the initial study, using pound dogs, could not be interpreted to the
satisfaction of FDA. Therefore the argument of cost of animals, as far as
research is concerned, is not valid.
Last, in response to the question, could registered, commercial breeders pro-
vide both dogs and cats in sufficient quantity to meet the needs of the re-
search industry in California, my answer is a resounding yes."
ROBERT W. DENISON, PRESIDENT, LABORATORY RESEARCH ENTERPRISES, INC.;
LETTER DATED MARCH 18, 1982 TO SENATOR DAVID ROBERTI
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Science requires uniformity in its experimental tools so that variables
may be reduced and experiments made reliable, accurate, precise and repro-
ducible. The two variables in living things are genetic makeup and environ-
mental history. Pound animals are arguably poor tools for scientific work
because all of them are to some extent physically, tempermentally, and gen-
etically unknown quantities (p. 28)...One alternative is to use, in all
chronic experiments, animals bred for laboratory use. The scientific bene-
fits of using these animals arise from the reduction of variables and the
consequent increase in precision and reliability of results. The economic
benefits of using these animals are associated with the scientific benefits:
(continued)
2.
-- -
..
(continued)
improvement in scientific results lowers t~e cost of experimentation...Final1y,
since the variables are reduced, fewer animals are required...Apparently with-
out dissent, the scientific community accepts the wisdom of this alternative
(p. 8.)."
CALIFORNIA SENATE FACT FINDING COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY -
JANUARY, 1967.
"Mongrels are usually infested with parasites and aften are diseased and in
poor health. Purebred dORS, especially beaRles specifically developed and
bred for research purposes, do not have these problems and are less likely,~
die of extraneous causes during experiments. Thus, an experiment with pure-
bred beagles requires many fewer animals - perhaps only one tenth as many -
to get statistically significant results."
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - LOS ANGELES TIMES - JUNE 24, 1974; p. 5.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"The use of disease free cats is necessary in order to evaluate physiologically
normal animals...All of this is required in order to eliminate as many variables
as possible, to exclude any extraneous data from influencing the research results
and to maximize the probability of obtaining usable data from each experimental
animal. If less well controlled populations of cats are used. the loss of data
and the decreased survival due to complicating factors ultimately results in a
requirement for more animals, more time and greater expense."
JOHN L. NALER, CHIEF, INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGISLATIVE DIVISION, DEPARTMENT
OF THE ARMY - LETTER DATED FEBRUARY 12, 1972; p. 2.
"I am Dr. Moneim Fadali, a surgeon in private practice and also on the clinical
staff of UCLA. I have been involved with surgical research including animal
research for several years at university institutions.
I can comfortably state the following: stray animals and animals obtained from
animal shelters are not good subjects for precise scientific research. There
are so many important pieces of information that are missing, such as genetic
background of the animal, environmental conditions, past history of diseases,
vaccinations and medications that the animal could have received. The age of
3.
(continued)
..
(continued)
the
the
animal is important, also.
response of animals to the
lead to mixed results with
All these factors, in my judgment can alter
experimental procedure performed and, therefore,
unreliable conclusions obtained.
can
For reproducibility and precise animal research, animals are bred for the pur-
pose of research under controlled conditions. When this is done, many variables
that can interfere with scientific accuracy are eliminated. This, too, could
be economical and cost effective since elimin~ting variables and unknowns from
any experimental setting will undoubtedly result in decreases in the number of
experimental observations required to reach a certain scientific conclusion."
MONEIM A FADALI, M.D., F.A.C.S.; LETTER DATED MAY 31,1983
"Expensive, but good quality animals are justified on the grounds that such
animals give substa~tially better results than poorer quality ones, and the
additional cost is insignificant in comparison with the total cost of research...
In the universities, on the other hand, the higher cost of good quality animals
means that fewer can be purchased from a fixed research budget which does not
take account of all the costs involved in animal experimentation. Thus, the
research worker is tempted to stretch his research funds by buying cheap
animals from non-accredited sources, even though in strict accounting terms
this could be totally uneconomical. For example, the financial advantage
of using laboratory-bred dogs rather than conditioned pound (stray) dogs was
emphasized by Fletcher et al. (1969) in a comparative study of dogs used in
experimental open-heart surgery...Had the full cost of the operation, including
the surgeon's time also been taken into account, the value of the laboratory-
bred dog would have been ever more overwhelming. Yet, research workers both
in the USA and UK continue to use these 'cheap' animals in the hope that it will
preserve their research budgets...
High quality, genetically and microbiologically defined animals may easily be
produced with current technology. The more widespread use of such animals
would give more valid scientific results and would reduce the number of lab-
oratory animals that become sick from disease unrelated to the experimental
treatment. Thus, on humanitarian and economic grounds it is highly desirable."
DR. MICHAEL F. W. FESTING (HEAD OF THE GENETICS DEPARTMENT, MEDICAL RESEARCH
COUNCIL, LABORATORY ANIMALS CENTRE, CARSHALTON, SURREY, ENGLAND). THE DEFINED
ANIMAL AND THE REDUCTION OF ANIMAL USE. IN: ANIMALS IN RESEARCH: NEH PER-
SPECTIVES IN ANI~~L EXPERIMENTATION. DAVID SPERLINGER (EDITOR). NEW YORK:
JOHN HILEY & SONS, 1981, pp. 285-306.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4.
- -
-- -- -
PRICES FROM CG ~RCIAL ANIMAL BR. ERS: (1983)
In an effort to defeat pound seizure prohibition legislation (SB 883; Roberti),
University of California spokesmen have persistently exaggerated the price of
purpose-bred dogs and cats so as to inflate the fiscal impact of pound seizure
prohibition. During 1983 Senate Finance Committee hearing on SB 883, the Uni-
versity submitted documents claiming that purpose-bred dogs would cost them
$400.00 each and purpose-bred cats would cost them $370.00 each (Table 4).
Shortly thereafter at a press conference held on July 25th, University spokes-
men distributed a press release claiming that a purpose-bred dog would cost
them $1,000.00 each~ As will be seen below, a surve~ of 1983 prices from
commerical breeders reveals the U.C. figures to be excessive. To the prices
listed, one must add approximately $50.00 in air freight (an additional cost
that would be avoidable if commercial breeders for labs operated in California;
at present they do not simply because there is no economic incentive to establish
breeding colonies as long as pound animals are available).
DOGS:
BUCKSHIRE CORPORATION (Pennsylvania)
21 day conditioned beagles ........... $194.50
45 day conditioned beagles ........... $283.25
colony bred mongrels ................. $195.00
to $345.00
colony bred beagles .................. $165.00
to $285.00
colony raised mongrels ............... $185.00
to $270.00
purchased conditioned mongrels........ $167.00
to $298.00
MARSHALL RESEARCH ANIMALS, INC. (New York)
2-month old beagles................ $195.00
9-month old beagles................ $280.00
l2-month olf beagles................ $325.00
RIDGLAN RESEARCH BEAGLES (Wisconsin)
2-month old beagles ............... $210.00
8-month old beagles................ $270.00
WHITE EAGLE LABORATORIES, INC. (Pennsylvania)
DOGS:
colony bred mongrels
CATS:
closed colony...$185.00
to $265.00
conditioned.....$135.00
(30-day)
conditioned.....$183.00
(60-day)
beagles
2-months old................... $210.00.......$170.00 to $200.00
3-months old................... $220.00.......$185.00 to $210.00
4-months old................... $240.00.......$200.00 to $225.00
5-months ols................... $260.00.......$215.00 to $235.00
6-months old................... $280.00.......$235.00 to $250.00
7-months old................... $300.00.......$265.00 to $280.00
8-months old................... $335.00.......$290.00 to $305.00
pregnant females.........$500.00 to $700.00...$450.00 to $700.00
ex-breeders.......... ........... $215 .00........ ..... $215 .00
PRICES FROM COMMERCIAL ANIMAL BREEDERS: (1983)
5.
--
- ......... -.Iiiiijjo .,
At a 1983 Senate Finance Committee hearing, the University of California pre-
sented a fiscal impact report claiming that pound seizure prohibition would
cost them $3.2 million dollars for purchase of animals from breeders. Even
accepting this figure (which is quite inflated), and even considering only
National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grants (which is only one major
source of research funding), the added costs for purpose-bred animals represents
approximately 1.7% of FY 1982 research funding to the University of California.
Obviously, the cost of dogs or cats represents a very small percentage of fed-
eral money currently available for biomedical research. Just considering only
those grants for dog or cat research, U.C. officially contends that at present
3% of the grant funding goes for animal acquisition and care. Considering
that approximately 70% of grant funding goes for personnel, and further con-
sidering NIH reassurances that grant applications are funded on merit in which
the cost of dogs or cats is not a serious consideration, clearly pound seizure
prohibition poses no threat to medical research - only to unnecessary personnel
or padded salaries.
NIH RESEARCH GRANTS (FOR RESPECTIVE FISCAL YEARS), DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES (HHS); EXTRAMURAL TRENDS, FY 1972-1981, NIH, DEPT. (HHS)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1966, Brooklyn Jewish Hospital reported that 40% of purchased pound dogs
died before they could be used in research.
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; HEARINGS: REGULATE THE TRANSPORTATION, SALE
AND HANDLING OF DOGS AND CATS USED FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.; 1966.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1966, Downstate Medical College (New York) reported that 50% more cats than
were required had to be purchased because of unplanned mortality.
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; HEARINGS: REGULATE THE TRANSPORTATION, SALE
AND HANDLING OF DOGS AND CATS USED FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.; 1966.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1966, Pennsylvania Hospital noted a premature mortality rate of 30% to 50%
of random source pound animals purchased.
U.S. SENATE; HEARINGS: ANIMAL DEALER REGULATION, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C.; 1966.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6.
- -
- ................ ...
The following unplanned mortality rates were reported for cats purchased by
the Stanford Medical School: 22% in 1967; 30% in 1968; 26% in 1969; 36% in
1970; and, 42% in 1971.
DR. ORLAND SOAVE. MORTALITY OF CATS IN A RESEARCH INSTITUTION: A FIVE YEAR
STUDY. LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE. 1972, Vol. 24, p. 99.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
For the years 1968-1970, the Veterinary Resources Branch of the National
Institutes of Health reported that, despite careful screening, 53.7% of the
pound dogs purchased became ill and 13.2% died.
DRS. S. POTKAY & J.D. BACHER. THE RESEARCH DOG:
REARED? IN: RESEARCH ANIMALS IN MEDICINE. L.T.
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, DEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION
1973, pp. 1061-1065.
RANDOM SOURCE OR COLONY
HARMISON (EDITOR). NATIONAL
AND WELFARE, WASHINGTON, D.C.,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1968, the University of Colorado reported a 50% mortality rate among
pound dogs who underwent kidney transplants.
DRS. T.E. STARZL, L. BRETTSCHNEIDER, A.J. MARTIN, C.G. GROTH, N. BLANCHARD,
G.V. SMITH, & I. PENN. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION: PAST AND PRESENT. SURGICAL
CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1968, Vol. 48, pp. 817-838.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1969, the University of Oregon found that 27% of pound dogs died follow-
ing heart surgery while only 7% of purpose-bred 1abrador retrievers died
following identical operations and treatment.
DRS. W.S. FLETCHER, R.H. HERR, & A.L. ROGER. SURVIVAL OF PURPOSE-BRED
LABRADOR RETRIEVERS VS. POUND DOGS UNDERGOING EXPERIMENTAL HEART VALVE
REPLACEMENT. LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE. 1969, Vol. 19, pp. 506-508.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
7.
-
-
In 1973, a National Institutes of Health study reported that only 36% of
pound dogs survived an experimental heart surgery project.
DRS. G.S. KAKOS & H.N. OLDHAM. EXPERIMENTAL AORTOCORONARY DIRECT REVAS-
CULARIZATION IN THE DOG. IN: RESEARCH ANIMALS IN MEDICINE. L.T. HARMISON
(EDITOR). NATIONAL INSTITUES OF HEALTH, U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND
WELFARE, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1973, p. 347.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1973, a National Institutes of Health survey showed that between 1965
and 1970, 55% of pound dogs purchased by NIH became ill and 10% died. In
1971, NIH changed its policy and only purchased random source dogs which
had already been conditioned. Despite this, 23% of the conditioned animals
became ill. NIH now does not use pound dogs in its own intramural research.
DRS. S. POTKAY AND J.D. BACHER. THE RESEARCH DOG: RANDOM SOURCE OR
COLONY REARED? IN: RESEARCH ANIMALS IN MEDICINE. L.T. HARMISON (EDITOR).
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
WELFARE, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1973, pp. 1061-1065.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
For the year 1973, State University of New York reported that an average
of 34% of pound dogs purchased proved unsatisfactory for research purposes
and 33% of pound cats purchased were also unsatisfactory.
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1977.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1977, Bristol Laboratories in Syracuse, New York reported that 51% of
acquired pound dogs and 75% of acquired pound cats proved unsatisfactory
for research use.
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1977.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In 1978, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research found that 52% of pound
dogs purchased and held in quarantine developed infectious respiratory
disease and 21% died.
(continued)
8.
(continued)
DRS. L.N. BINN, J.P. ALFORD, R.H. MARCHWICKI, T.J. KEEFE, R.J. BEATTIE,
& H.G. WALL. STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN RANDOM SOURCE LABORATORY
DOGS: VIRAL INFECTIONS IN UNCONDITIONED DOGS. LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE.
1978, Vol. 29, #1, pp. 48-52.
"Note: The Animal Care Facility DOES NOT maintain a pool of pre-conditioned
dogs for sale to investigators. We assign newly received random-
source animals which may be held at the Hunters Point Facility for
a period of 30 days pre-use during which time normally 60-70% develop
clinical signs of infectious respiratory disease within the first
10-14 days. You may expect a 10-15% mortality rate of assigned
animals during this conditioning period. ORDER YOUR ANIMALS EARLY."
BOB FISH, CHIEF ANIMAL TECHNICIAN, ANIMAL CARE FACILITY, UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA AT SAN FRANCISCO; MEMO TO ALL DOG USERS DATED MARCH 22, 1982.
"Of course, the purpose-bred dog is far healthier as evidenced by the fact
that our clients find a 50% reduction (over pound animals) in the number of
dogs used."
ABBOTT S. D'VER, M.D., PRESIDENT, I;HITE EAGLE LABORATORIES, DOYLESTON,
PENN., LETTER TO SENATOR DAVID ROBERTI DATED MARCH 16, 1982.
In 1983, UCLA Harbor General Hospital reported that in a heart catherization
study, '25% of (pound) dogs have either died or could not be used chronically
because of viral infections or other illnesses...' II
PROTOCOL PROGRESS REPORT, U.C.L.A. HARBOR GENERAL HOSPITAL (TORRANCE),
CO-DIRECTOR, CARDIAC CATHERIZATION LABORATORY, 1983.
9.
-
USING POliNO ANIMAl S FaR MFOICAI OR VFTFRINARY TRAINING
Is It absolutely necessary to sacrifice healthy pound anImals to properly
train medical or veterInary professionals? NO As the enclosed
documentation demonstrates, many medical and veterInary professionals
have publlcal1y refuted the idea that shelter pets need to be made
avallable for this purpose.
-
............- .......
Since 1876 and the passage of the
CRUEL1Y TO ANIMALS ACT,
it has been against the law
fOJ". 1 i ve an i ma I 5 to be used
for the tr.aining of surgeons
in Great Bri tain.
In a letter dated 7 July 1982, Or. James O. Robinson, a
mast respected surgeon practicing an Harley Street in
Landon, wrote the following:
"I WOULV ABSOLUTELY AGREE ~AT OPERATIONS ON
LIVE ANIMALS FOR THE fRAI.'IH.JG OF SURGEONS IS
NOT TO BE TOLERATEV, ANV CERTAT.'iLY I HAVE
,VEVE;( VONE THIS IN MY TRAINING."
The Fund for Animals
125(;;3 Ventura Blvd., Suite 141
Studio City, California 91604
-
_ 'IIIIiiiiiiiiil
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND
35 . 43 UNCOLN'S INN FIELDS, LONDON WC2A 3PN
TeIoIlbooo 01 .40' 347. Cabin COLLSIJRO l.ONDON we
Secrewy :
R. S. JoImsoD-Gilbcrt, O.B.E.. M.A.
RS.I""G/ IN
18tll August, 1982
DeIIr Dr. Sharpe,
'IhIInk ycu for your letter of 27th JUly about senator IlIlvi.d ~"ti' s
k"-"'l:".:~ed Bill to prohibit the sale of iJIpounded al"i...,.. fran a1Umal
shelters.
Ycu ask me if I wculd be prepared a1 behalf Df this COlleqe, to make
a brief stateDent to the effect that tra:lninq new surgecI1II does net
require alii....", an:i that such t:ra.inin; can be achieved successfully
in the "ttaditialal hI.mBne British 1lIiIlUlI!r". I t:h1nk it might be
~ and ptti:lably CCAJI1ter-p1:Oductive to the ,,,..,........ of
Senator R:lberti's Bill to claim hlJmmity as a traditialal British
characteristic, and in so doin; to ~y a lack of that quality in
our American friendsl but it is certa1nly true to say that the use of
aT'i_l.. to gain su:tqical dexterity is prclUl:lited ~ OJ%' laws and
that this has not proved an obstacle to the effective t:ra.inin; of
~'CAm;J su:tqecns in the tklited KingCan.
Dr. Rebert Sharpe,
Lord Dowdinq Fund,
51, Harley Street,
Ialdcn, WlN lID.
-'
- ........
[" '\IALD E. DOYLF. M ~
Cosmmc Ef Reconstruct"", Swrgm; of tht Htod orwl . ,tCk . Otolllryngology
9201 SUNSET BOULEVARD, SUITE 611 . LOS ANGELES CA 90051 . 858-6134 . 85s-6135
15 February 1982
TO M'{ MEDIa>.L mLLEl\GJES
SlJIlJEX:'I': '!HE USE OF UlID.AIMED PETS FROM ANIMAL SHELTERS FOR MEDICAL samL
PRACI'ICE SURGERY AND I>>ONS'IRATIONS
Proponents of pound seizure frequently charge that unclairred dogs and cats
from anirral shelters are needed for rredical sdlool pract.ire surgery and
denonstrations. I unequivocally reject this assertion and rope to enlist
your Sl'pp:lrt in stDWing this practire in California.
Ps a board certified surgeon, I do not attribute any of my iIDjX)rtant skills
to the animal lab. T believe that surgeons are, for the nost part, born
rather than rrade. Of =urse, manual dexrerity can be increased sOl:ewhat by
practice, but it is 1"'~ absolutely necessary to sacrifire healt..l,y animals
for this purpose. ~ =uld obtain a satisfactDry deqree of practice at
much less ethical as ,;(>11 as financial =st by usinq the entrails of dead
chickens, the feet of pigs or sore other soch rraterial.
In Great Britain it has been illegal for nore than a rentury (the 1876 cruelty
tD Anirrals Act) for surgeons tD use live animals for developing manual
dexterity. British surgeons refine their skills alongside nore experienced
=llcagues by dissecting cadavers or through apprentireship in actual operating
roan =nditions. I suggest that those Arrerican surgical training programs
whid1 mandate aninBl lab participation =uld adjust tD nore hurane training
rrethods with 00 signifiCdIlt loss of professional oorrpeterx:e and with 00 risk
tD our patients.
'!he argurent that it is absolutely necessary to use animals in rredical sd1oo1
teaching de!lOnstrations is, in my jlrlgrrent, equally fallacious. It is certainly
oot unreasonable that rredical school students be asked to acrept well krown
facts (e.g.. Sodium PotassiUl1 ions are purg:d and retrieved in the kidney;
adrenalin elevates blood pressure, etc.) witrout actually having tD kill a
healthy animal tD prove it. Each ne.l class of nedical students does not have
tD sacrifice many healthy aninBls to sl1cw what is alr-eady well docurented.
Classrocrn aids (au::lio-visual, ned1anical, COlTputer simulation, etc.) would
serve !lOst purposes and Cb so at a =nsiderable savings in both the ethical
and eoonomic price tags. l<Edical sclxx:ll is a plare to learn theory and
techniques, but equally as irrportant, it is where nedical ethics and respect
for life srould be denonstrated in the training program itself.
Because the valle of sacrificing healthy animals in rredical school is so llUch
in dolbt, I firxi it particularly intolerable that p:lund seizure allows unclairred
pets to be cheaply purchased from animal shelters for these very questionable
practices. Ps you are 00 doubt aware, the public irrage of the rredical profession
ha" suffered as a result of this p:llicy. I strongly sUCJgest that if live animals
oontinlE to be used in rredical school, these anirrals srould be pllr1X>se-bred and
not forrrer pets. Please join ne in signing the attached S'I1\.'IEMENT IN SUPK>RT
OF CALIFORNIA POUND SEIZURE m:JHIBITION SIGlED BY CALIFORNIA HNSICIANS and
return it in the enclosed envelop" at your very earliest oonvenience. '!hank you.
:~~:~:~'f!~~' ~./?lP
The Fund for Animals
12548 Ventura Blvd., Suite 141
Studio City, California 91604
CALIFORNIA PHYSICIANS AGAINST THE USE OF POUND-SEIZED ANIMALS FOR
MEDICAL SCHOOL PRACTICE SURGERY AND DEMONSTRATIONS
"The use of former pets in medica~ schoo~ practice surgery and demon-
strations is not necessary or desirab~e. Pet anima~s, accustomed to
human affection and companionship, shou~d be rep~aced by purpose-bred
anima~s, bio~ogica~ materia~s, fi~ms and other educationa~ aids."
J~ia P. Bai~ey, M.D.
*David Cossman, M.D.
*Dona~d E. Doy~e, M.D.
Marsha Epstein, M.D.
*Robert A. Fink, M.D.
Gerald Fradkoff, M.D.
"'Theodore B. Go~dstein, M.D.
Christy Gorden, M.D.
Richard E. Hi~tner, M.D.
Stephen N. Hordynski, M.D.
Harry B. Knaster, M.D.
Me~vin M. Kotkin, M.D.
"'Nei~ D. Kravetz. M.D.
Alan M. Mante~~, M.D.
Laughton E. Mi~es, M.D., Ph.D.
A~fred D. Munson, M.D.
Henry G. Nebeker, M.D.
Mari~ynn J. pratt, M.D,
Roy D. Rich, M.D.
David S. May, ,M.D.
Lanny Seese, M.D.
Danie~ si~ver, M.D.
"'Gera~d J. Steinberg, M.D.
Richard J. Sternberg, M.D.
Haro~d J. Strick, M.D.
Linda J. Vories, M.D.
Stephen winters, M.D.
(*Board certified surgeon)
~l This ~ist is sti~~ growing,
-
A8B~Y VETE.RINA~Y HOSPITA_
GEORG A. LIN rON. M. R. C.
S.. DV.M.
'1070 56,.,. PABLO AvC"'UE
E.L CCRRITO. CAL-II"ORNIA i;4S30
.41!5152Q-0777
~larch 23. 1ge~
Dr. Michael A. Giannelli
3323 W. 84th St.
lnglewood, CA 90305
Dear Dr. Giannelli,
I am happy to support your efforts to prohibit dog pounds :rom
selling cats or dogs for vivisection or laboratory experiments ,,'hether
these be for the training of medical or veterinary students or others.
I was a student in veterinary schools in London and Edinburgh and
it is to be noted that British medical and veterinary schools train
their students on dead animals and that vivisection for teaching
purposes is prohibitieu.
I was an instructor at the University of California in Davis for
four years teaching surgical anatomy. Students ~ere required to do
practice surgery and postoperative aftercare on the dogs we used. For
reasons of economy the same dog ~aS used by the same students for a
series of surgeries performed twice a week, during which the unfortunate
animal suffered removal of its spleen, one limb, one eye, part of its
stomach, some of its intestine as ~ell as invasion of its chest and
spinal cord. Between these surgeries it was nursed and cared for by the
students, and generally put to sleep after three or four weeks and
six or more major surgeries.
Many of the animals that end up in the pound are either donated
by their previous owners, but most are strays or lost dogs and have been
loved and cared for by people who would like to have them back. In
either case, it is horrible to contemplate that someone's pet is going
to be systematically dismembered and mutilated to give practice to
students.
For most surgical purposes, if live animals must be had, other
animals such as rabbits could be used. These could be bred at tne
schools or purchased from corrunercial breeders much more economically
than dogs are at present.
Thus not only are there satisfactory alternatives to the training
of students, but more economical ones and we should prohibit the sale
or use of what were recently someone' s pet an in-,a Is for vivisect ion or
experimental purposes.
Yours sincerely,
/::
~
~
~ - --
George Lrnto~ DV~.. ~HCVS.
-
w
THE BRITISH
VETERINARY
AsSOCUTION
1.MANSFIELD ST
LONDON Wlld: OAl'
'IaL~OIl'&:: en. 838 6!54l/....
.... aa ...an1D on:D'
Dr T. E. 016,...
D. V. 5<.FR C V S. F.l8i4L
Pr.._t
'rEG/ODT
1 September ]982
Dr Robert Sharpe
5] Rarley Street
London
WIN IDD
Dear Dr Sharpe,
Live mimab are not used in'!sUZ"iival surgery" in this country as they
are in the U.S.A. The Swaan Committee same years ago suggested that the
veterinary schools should consider its use DUt' the veterinary schools,
the BVA and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons vera all against it.
Veterinary students get their initial experience in surgery by operations
performed on dead animals. Then tbay observe experienced surgeons at
work, next take part along vith the surgeon and finally carry out
operations under their SUl'ervision. All this on animals which need the
operations for curative purposes. The idea of making healthy ani~ls sick
for purposes of training is totally repugnant to the profession in this
country.
Yours sincerely,
~. t. ~~'"
-
<V&t&......~ df_ "snuiu. df-p"~'
::X&A~ !D. :;..__ !D<V",,~
2038 .,s. "scpJauk. !Brad.
L.- _1. 3-'''' Ca. 900211
10 April 1982
To: My Veterinary Collea~ues
Re: The Use of Unclaimed Pets for Veterinary School Trainin~
Meny California veterinarians share my belief that the use of unclaimed
pets for veterinary school research, teachin~ and demonstrations ("pound
seizure") is unnecessary and unethical. I hope ~o persuade you to join
us in helpin~ to stop this practice ~n our State.
In Great Britain it has been illegal for 106 years for medical or vet-
erinary surgeons to use live animals for the purpose of developing
surgical skills. Enowleage-of anatomy, surgicai ~~chniques and manual
dexterity are learned by working on cadavers or alongside other surgeons
in actual operLting room conditions.
American veterinary schools do not follow these principles. Furthermore,
many of our schools still feel the need to demonstrate to their students
that a dog cannot live without a pancreas or that active transport of
glucose occurs in the intestinal tract. Well-documented facts such as
these do not require the needless sacrifice of healthy animals and can
be effectively demonstrated through the use of audio-visual material,
computer simulation and literature reviews. In my judgment, veterinary
school is not only a place to learn theory and practice, it should also
be where respect for life and the rights of the animal are demonstrated
in. the educational process itself. On graduation, we all swore to uphold
the veterinary oath.
Because of the questionable value of sacrificing healthy animals for
practice surgery and demonstrations, I find it particularly unacceptable
that unclaimed pets from shelters are used for these dubious ends. Even
more clear are the scientific disadvanta~es of using "random source"
animals with unknown backgrounds for biomedical research. Animals accus-
~ed to human affection and relative freedom have the right to be safe
from the over-zealous researcher. Such protection is already given in
the states of Pennslyvania, Kawaii, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Montana,
Maine, New Jersey and .New York where pound seizure is not per~itted. It
is time to add California to this list.
If you would not want your own pet or that of a client to become lost
and be sold to a laboratory, please join us by si~ning the attached
STATE~ENT IN SUPPORT OF POUND SEIZURE PROHIBITION. Thank you.
Sincerely,
)(c..v...J&.D~~1 Ut,livj
'-/
Kenneth D. Jones, D.V.~.
CALIFORNIA VETERINARI#lS OPPOSED TO THE l..5E OF POlMl #lI/o'ALS
FOR PRACTICE SURGERY #10 J:EM:lNSTRATIONS
"The u..\e 00 ooJtmeJ!. pe.t.6 001l demol1.6.t!la..tiol'l a.l'ld plUlc..t<:.c.e puJtpo~u ,u, a. bu'la.Ya.i 00
the tJr.u.o.t pu C:<''YtVL6 pla.c.e -<.1'1 the VU~ pMou~.wI'l. PU a.n..Un~, a.c.c.u..\.tomed
.to hunnl'l a.ooec.U.ol'I a.l'ld c.ompo.n.i.Ol1.6lLi.p, ~hou1.d be. Ilepla.c.ed by puJtpo~e.-olled ~.
o.w.lo g-<.ca.f. rra.-tvr...i.a.l.lJ, o-Um4 a.nd 0 thvr. educ.atio rw.i <Li..d6." .
1. Steven G. Ab ran5 t DVM 25. Maurice F. Metcal fe, VMD
2. George Bai a, DVM 26. Charles Hintzer, DVM
3. Gurwant S. Bajwa I DVM, PhD 27. Frank L. Moore, DVM
4. R. Balsam, DVM 28. Ron a 1 d Me re in, DVM
5. Rode rick Brenes, DVM 29. Joel B. 1'10 rga n 5 te rn , DVM
6. Loui s T. Burch, DVM 30. James L. Nav i a ux , DVM
7. Ned Buyukmihci, VMD 31 . David B. Nielson, DVM
8. \layne M. Comeau, DVM 32. Kap C. Oh, DVM
9. AI ice A. De Groot, DVM 33. John \I. 01 iver, DVM
10. \Ii 11 i am L. t"',) rber t DVM 34. \Ii II i am H. Patlogar, DVM
II. Bernard F. Fe: dman r DVM, Ph D 35. AI fred J. Plechner, DVM
12. Stuart S. Fri edman, DVM 36. Lyle D. Prj ce, DVM
13. Paul S. Gunther, DVM 37. Pio F. Rimando, DVM
14. Thomas A. Hackathorn, DVM 38. \la 1 te r J. Rosskpof, Jr. , DVM
15. Ken D. Jones, DVM 39. Anthony D. Shipp, DVM
16. Barbara Jordan, DVM 40. Leon G. Siege 1, DVM
17. Howa rd Kurtz, DVM 41. Ma rt in Small, DVM
18. George A. Linton, DVM 42. James P. Thoma 5 , Jr. , DVM
19. C. L. Lippincot:t, DVM 43. Steven A. Tischler, DVM
20. Fouzy Makka r, DVM 44. Cha rl es Va"dermause, DVM
21. Robert V. Mason, DVM 45. Rolando P. Vasquez, DVM
22. Makram B. Hasoud, DVM 46. James \I. Wal ters, DVM
23. Terri McGinn is, DVM 47. David R. Warren, DVM
24. Jane E. ."1eier, DVM 48. John B. Winters, DVM
THIS LIST (IN FORMATION) \lAS PREPARED BY THE FUND FOR ANIMALS.
lllidd IJ .I/u~' I?A..?
,
Michael A. Giannell i, Ph.D.
Science Advisor
5141 Ledqe Avenue
NOrth Hollywooa, CA 91601
I June 1982
-
December 23, 1985
INSPECTION REPORTS: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
Note: The following are direct quotations from USDA Inspectors (italics added).
October 17, 1979
"Ventilation in cat room 1/58-147 and 63-399 of Brain Research Institute was
not of good quality. Especially the exhaust system was not working properly.
There was a bad odor in these rooms."
October 22, 1979
"Room 1/1925 for rabbits was not yet cleaned.. .17 rabbits in room IIB562 were
in reverse light cycle."
March 26, 1980
"Many large holes in ceiling...Water damage to wall surface just above coving.
Is to be repaired. Needs rep1astering...Was copy of this report given to re-
sponsible person at the facility?"
April 18, 1980
"Cracks, etc. between ceiling and wall...Crock watering unsanitarj. Should
replace with automatic bottle watering... No correction date given on deficiencies."
April 7, 1981
"Rabbit cages are not cleaned adequately nor as frequent as necessary
'to provide proper sanitation...P1aster burn on all 4 walls above coving needs
to be repaired...Uti1ization of crocks for watering: advised to replace with
automatic bottle watering - noted on last inspection....
August 23, 1983
"Individual I/O missing on some dogs. Records from each animal research project
were not available. Therefore, verification of data requested in above paragraphs
of regulations could not be obtained."
August 24, 1983
"Some cats not identified by tag, collar, card.. .regu1ations specify identi-
fication of each anima1...anima1s (cats) not identified in cage or by tag or
collar..."
September 25, 1984
"Abnormal accumulation of excreta and buildup of scales on some drain pans."
September 27, 1984
"Disposal dates on cats should be on records...34" plus dogs housed in 33"x48"
cages."
December 17, 1984
"Broken or missing latches on several rabbit cages... rabbit runs have ammonia
odor...Room 1/2V-338 housing cats had a strong odor. Clean ventilators...
improve cleaning and check air changes...Dogs - some runs have
chewed resting boards. Cats have unsealed wuodeft rest~ng buards...rabbits
have unsealed resting boards. Cannot be sanitized...2 baboon cages do not
provide three times area animal would occu on all fours...8th floor ca es
x ogs measuring 33" or longer too big for these ca es. 28 do!';s in
cages, to 2 are too big for cages.. .rabbit cages 22~"x16".. .many cages
continued . . .
--- --
Continued . . .
are too small...dead flies in light fixtures of primate and rabbit runs...
dirty ventilators rabbits and primate runs...rabbit hair on air conditioners...
cages and floors urine salts residue...rabbits urinating on feeder below in
some instances...cobwebs on top dog cage...some rabbit runs had dirty sink...
in the breeding colon~ kittens from one research project have no individual
I.D. numbers, only caretakers can identify. Room 8V-I09 (surgery canine)
surgery table had dried blood...empty cages need cleaning...several hallways
outside animals rooms need cleaning, also elevators...closer monitoring of
pest-control program...some rabbits with runny noses...treatment and pre-
vention as needed...interior of transport truck has jagged metal and rusty
floor. Dog transport crates in the surgery need to be cleaned...expired
drugs observed several rooms..."
INSPECTION REPORTS: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ACCREDITATION
OF LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE
Note: The following are direct ouotations from AALAC Inspection Report dated
November 13, 1981 (italics adried).
"It was reported that medical students may perform up to three survival
surgical procedures on dogs. In k~~ping with recommendations of the 'Guide'
[the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals, 1978], 'Generally speaking, multiple survival surgical procedures on
a single animal are discouraged and should not be performed purely for economical
reasons...' The necessity for conducting multiple surgical procedures on a
single animal should be reevaluated, and if the procedures are to be continued,
justification should be provided to AAALAC Council for evaluation."
"In a few instances, some of the primate cages in the School of Medicine did
not have enough head room for the contained macaques...The replacement process
should be completed promptly...A few cages in the School of Medicine and
Public Health, the Department of Psychology and Reed Neurological Center did
not meet specifications of the 'Guide' for housing rabbits...Larger cages
should be provided for these animals or smaller rabbits should be used...In-
stances of deteriorating cages and pens were noted in several facilities.
These should be repaired or replaced to facilitate effective sanitary maintenance
and servicing, and/or to prevent injury to animals and personnel...Some of the
rabbit cages in Room BV625 in the School of Medicine are beginning to rust...
The fronts of some of the galvanized metal chicken cages in Room BV526 had
exposed sharp edges which may injure animals and personnel...Some of the wooden
resting boards in dog pens in 8Vl16 of the School of Medicine are deteriorating.
Some of the galvanized metal rat cages in the School of Medicine are rusted...
Some of the cages used to house finches in the Department of Psychology are
rusted...The turtle cages in Room 3929 of Life Sciences were excessively rusted...
The roof facility in Life Sciences needs attention. The runs that house cats,
bats, chickens and goats need some refurbishing...Some of the metal screen
covering the cat kennels is deteriorating, resulting in exposed sharp edges
which may injure the animals. The resting boards in the cat kennels are also
deteriorating...Some galvanized cage racks in the Rehabilitation Center are
rusted...Some of the galvanized cages used to house rats in Radiation Biology
have bent doors which could lead to injury of the enclosed animals. In addition,
some plastic cages noted in this facility were cracked."
2.
~
"Several minor physical problt,ms in routine maintenance were noted which
require attention so as not to progress to a completely unsatisfactory
state. These include: Some of the floors in the School of Medicine are
starting to deteriorate...These floors should be renovated to provide a sur-
face that can be adequately sanitized...The cement floor of the Rehabilitation
Center should be resealed with an impervious material to allow better sanitation
...Minor defects of walls were noted in the various facilities. These should be
repaired to provide a monolithic surface for better sanitation and to eliminate
potential breeding sites for insect vermin...School of Medicine - tile around
light switch in BV320 is cracked; in a few instances paint was starting to flake
and peel; in Room BV515 the wall around the door is deteriorating...Brain Re-
search Institute - A few defects in the condition of this facility were noted,
including paint peeling from the walls of some rooms and deteriorating around
the baseboards...Rehabilitation Center - A few cracks were noted in the expansion
of joints of walls in some rooms...Kinesiology Department...There are defects
in the walls of Room B854A where primate cages were hung in the past...Depart-
ment of Psychology - There is minor deterioration of the walls in some rooms,
notably A407B and B363...The door on the first level of Life Sciences facility
'~ading to the outside of the building had a noticable gap at the bottom. This
space should be eliminated to lessen the probability of ingress of wild rodents...
The lighting is quite poor in Room 1365 of Life Sciences, which makes it difficult
to observe animals for signs of illness or injury...The presence of windows in
an animal facility negates provision of regular diurnal lighting cycles by light
timers, which were noted to be present. An irregular light cycle may have pro-
found effects on the response of laboratory animals to experimental stimuli...
Room J225 of the Reed Neurological Institute was noted to be humid with a high
odor level...Room A908 of Life Sciences, which is used to store feed, is not
air conditioned. The temperature of this room should be monitored to assure that
stored foodstuffs are not subjected to unusually high temperatures which may
result in deterioration of nutrients."
"In C629, Psychology Department, small animal procedural room, several bottles of
chemicals were being stored on the floor. A more appropriate place should be
found to store these items, for purposes of safety and so as not to interfere
with the intended purpose of the room...Cages and water bottles are washed
within some animal rooms in Life Sciences. Also, in some instances, bedding is
also changed within the rooms. These procedures should be conducted in cage
washing rooms that support the facility...The level of sanitation provided in
the parrot and cat facility located on the roof of Life Sciences is noticeably
lower than provided in other areas. It appears that the pens and water bottles
are not cleaned as often as necessary to keep them clean and free from contami-
nation...The feed and bedding storage Room 085 in Public Health was cluttered
with empty boxes. Also, cleaning supplies were being stored in this room.
Clutter with various items interferes with sanitation. Chemicals and cleaning
supplies should be stored in another area to preclude the possibility of contami-
nation of food and bedding...lm Room 3506 of the Rehabilitation Unit, dead in-
sects were noted in light fixtures, and some light covers were missing...lt was
noted that sipper tubes are washed in cage washers. No quality control is con-
ducted to determine whether or not this method effectively eliminates potential
pathogens. Attention should be given to this possibility...Laboratory diets
are provided for all laboratory animals except rabbits. Commercial feed pro-
vided to rabbits is milled locally. It is not certain whether there is quality
control for hormonal, pesticide, or infectious agent contamination. Inquiries
should be made to assure that this diet is suitable for rabbits used in experi-
ments at UCLA."
3.
~.
"Anesthesia and Analgesia - No formal handout regarding the use of anesthetics,
analgesics and tranquilizing agents is provided to investigators. Research
personnel should be provided with guidelines concerning choice and use of these
drugs...Metofane gas is used for animal anesthesia in the surgical facilities
of the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine. No scavenger units are in-
cluded on the gas anesthesia machines. This leads to unnecessary exposure of
personnel to escaping gas." (NOTE: Despite this substantial list of "areas in
need of improvement," UCLA was reawarded full accreditation by AAALAC.)
(Copies of original inspection reports available upon request.)
Michael A. Giannelli, Ph.D.
Director
National Coalition to Protect Our Pets, Inc.
4.
THI1' ASHINGTON POST
"~..oDA'(; MAY t2. '\985
fHE FEDERAL REPORT
Hill Watchdog Faults Animal Welfare
Agriculture Dept. $ WW Enforcement Is Spotty, GAD Says
By Keith B. Richburg
w......._ra.t~.nIef
A lo~~'awaited General ~~;'::-
In OffIce re r has .
IClze th A r'
~ll enforcement of the An-
ar~ Ad which is deSIgned
to protect anlmal. housed in zooa.
kennels. research facilitiea and
traveling circuses.
Some aDlmal shelters are rarely.
,f ever. inspected. according 10 the
reporr released last week. Maet
mvestigators are trained on the job.
and when problems are found, IUCh
as cramped kennela or dirty Clg_,
mspectors often don't follow up to
see il the problems have been cor-
rected.
The report. however, doea not
address one central question: does
the lax enforcement mean more
money IS needed. 18 animal welfAre
advocates have urged. or doea it
mean the program should be elim-
mated, as the Reagan administra-
tion has suggested?
The admiDlstratlon has con-
tended that states snd local humane
Rroupa arc in a better poaition to
deal with the problem. White Houae
olficials have found IOme aupport
lor thar view in the Agriculture De-
partment, whose inspectors are
used to hghting disease in domestic
farm aDlmals rather than policing
"puppy nulls" and ClCcuseS.
But the very vocal critics in the
aDlmal welfare community insist
that the protection of animals'
rights should be left to Washington.
"There are very few states with
(animal welfare) laws on the books
right now,' said Yvonne Eider. leg-
islative director 'v, 'he Friends of
Animals. "Ar~ what authority do
the humane groups have, short of
breaking into Iabo-and that's ille-
gal."
The report by the congressional
watchdoa agency concluded, "The
ultimare decisiona as to the extent
of the federal role in animal welfare
enforcement and the appropriate
level of fundin, for the federal role
will have to be made by COngre....
Can,re.. is likely to compromise
by cootinuin, to fund the program.
but only at the current level. ac.
cordin, to knowledgeable staffers.
'Moet of the groups will be satisfied
if we just fund the program at the
current level," said one Capitolllill
aide, who asked not to be quoted by
name.
"It's just a low priority lor thIS
administration: the staffer said.
The report found that the depart-
ment's inspections of research labo
and kennel. varied widely in th~ six
atates that were su,,'eyed. Inspec-
tiona avenged about two a year for
facilities in Iowa and Kansas. but
less t~~ once a vearfor thoae in
C'cIlifn
About half of thfl: biihtip~ In C21-
ilornia and New YlI[!I wtr~ never
~~~.~reoortfQund
-Unannounced inspections are the
department's principal tool for mak-
ing sure facilities comply with strict
fedenl standards regsrding clean-
liness, cage size and animals' well-
being. The GAO said that four in-
spections per year for each facility
would be optimum, baaed on inter-
view. with Agriculture personnel.
"It's really about what ( expect-
ed: Eider said. "There reall has
noth'
r. rd Rissler. assistant
director of USDA's animal health
programs, disagreed. He said the
department was well aware 01 the
problema cited and has alreacly
moved to remedy moot of them.
"Moot 01 what they uncovered we
are aware of and are either correct-
ing or are in the process of correct-
ill/l: Rissler said. He said the GAO
waa usinl some old data, gathered
before many of the reforms too!<
hold.
for one. Rissler said, the depart-
ment decided a Yellr ago that a"
average of two inspections per fa-
cility per year was more than ad-
equate. with IOme hignly reputable
facilities receiving Ieaa allention. "It
wu really s waste of time in some
cuea' to continually inspect. he
said. "It wu ......lIy not the moot
efficient use of manpower"
Rissler .110 said three new na-
tional training courses have been
established: for inspectors of re-
search facilities. for general inspec-
tors and for inspectors of marine
mammal facilities.
August 13, 1985
NOTE: Attached you wIll fInd 53 examples of anImal research at the
unIversIty of Ca11rornla, Los Angeles. The general nature of each study Is
brIefly noted and all QuotatIons Included come dIrectly from the researchers
Involved. DocumentatIon for these experIments (obtaIned from various
computer data bases or dIrectly from the professIonal Journals whIch
published the study) Is avallable upon request.
The purpose for provIding these examples Is not to suggest that U.C.LA
researchers are "cruel" people wIth no concern for the suffering of animals.
Further, It Is not beIng Implied that as an InstitutIon U.C.L.A. Is In some way
unusually gu11ty of the mIstreatment of laboratory anImals. The sole reason
for thIs research Inventory Is to provIde concrete Illustrations of the types of
experImental procedures whIch currently are consIdered "humane- by the
anImal research communIty and whIch are acceptable under present law and
professIonal guIdelInes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
FXPFRIMFNT ."
GFNFRAI NATlJRF OF THE RFSFARCH
1. oleic acid-induced lung injury in "lightly anesthetized" dogs producing
respiratory distress syndrome CRDS) wIth the following symptoms: rapid,
shallow breathing, insufficient oxygen, partially collapsed lungs, internal
bleeding, and fluid accumulation in the lungs
~. effects on heart blood flow in dogs during a progressively difficult
!r"admil1 test designed to produce "near maximal exercise" following
heart surgery to implant instruments used for monitoring
3. experimentally induced bleeding gastric ulcers in dogs followed by
experimental surgery with lasers
4. metabolic effects in conscious dogs following surgical transection of the
vagus nerve and induced bleeding
5. toxic effects of missle propellants administered to cats, producing
convulsions and changes in sleeping/waking cycles
6. the interaction effects of reduced oxygen Intake and elevated
temperatures on kittens; the authors noted, "two kittens exlbited
cardiorespiratory failure during treatment and were compared with
the remaining surviving kittens..:
7. physiological responses of ""nscious dogs expll.:ied to hot, arid conditions
and temperatures up to 122 degrees Fahrenheit, producing respiratory
distress and probable damage to the liver and heart; the authors reported
"several cases of excitable dogs"
8. metabolic effects in conscious dogs "who were either euhydrated,
dehydrated, water-loaded or Infused with hypertonic saline;" the
dogs were also given "graded hemorrhage"
9. radiation injury in the dog
10. forebrain lesions in cats to produce Sleep disturbances and experimental
epileptic seizures
II. heartbeat irregularities in conscious dogs following surgery to reduce
blood flow in the heart
12. induced disease of the retina in the eyes of Kittens produced by exposure
to abnormal levels of oxygen
13. the effects of "sudden strenuous exercise" in dogs instrumented
during surgery with monitoring equipment; the authors noted that, "further
studies will be conducted during progressive exercise to near
maximal levels..:
14. regional blood flow as measured by "long term implantation of a
triple lumen balloon catheter In the pulmonary artery of the
conscious, non-sedated dog..:
15. reduced oxygen administered to Kittens producing "respiratory
syndrome;" also, the Interaction of "chronic partial
obstruction" and temperature changes
failure
airway
16. direct and indirect effects of alcohol on the central nervous system of
cats; the authors also proposed to study "the phenomenon of alcohol
withdrawal..:
17. .the effects of hazardous chemicals" on cats; the authors observed
that "certain forms of chemically induced epileptic manifestations
are better studied In the primate..:
18. simulated "mental retardation" in Kittens given "neonatal brain
Insult..: (surgical incisions to the brain)
2
19. behavioral responses of ,...Jcaque monkeys t" electrical stimulation
of the dental pulp or facial skin and '" pin-scratch before and after
the tractotomy.... (severing of a nerve tract in the central nervous system);
the authors noted that "tractotomy did not produce dental anesthesia'
and that in some cases "adversive responses to pin-scratch" were
normal
20. "a primate model of cerebral vasoconstriction [constricted blood
vessels in the brain] ... following subarachnoid hemorrhage" [induced
bleeding inside the brain]
21. a primate model of 'chronic cerebral vasospasm" [spasm of blood
vessels] produced "by placing a 0.4 mm needle through the
intracranial internal carotid artery...;' the authors noted that "spasm
first appears four days following the sUua.~r.hnoid hemorrhage and
lasts at least eleven days ... neurologicai ~efect nas been regularly
demonstrated... "
22. electrical stimulation of the brain in rhesus monkeys "in order to
examine the aversive as well as analgesic side effects...;" monkeys
"were first trained to press a lever to escape or titrate noxious
tooth shock;" the authors noted that many of the brain sites selected for
stimulation "did not greatly alter tooth shock level and typically
resulted In aversive reactions"
23. "neuromuscular plasticity" and ability of cats to regain motoric
abilities following various types of surgical damage to their spines followed
by either forced exercise or no exercise
24. mucosal blood flow and HC03 secretion In "chronic dogs' subjected to
induced gastric ulcers and surgical removal of the spleen
25. studies of neurotransmisslon utilizing "tremorgenlc mycotoxlns;
defined by the authors as "compounds which produce sustained tremors
... useful In simulating malfunctlonal and abnormal states In the
central nervous system;" the authors noted that "these mycotoxins
induce severe tremors in laboratory animals..:
26. the induction of "renal [kidney] hypertension" in pregnant sheep
administered various dose levels of drugs via either the jugular vein or
direct inject ion into the uterine artery
3
27. an experimental dog model of 'acute regional ischemia. [deficiency of
blood due to constriction of a blood vessel] to study .reperfusion damage"
[damage to the vessel when blood flow is restored!; the authors noted that
.studies will employ a globally ischemic model for severe energy
depletion before aortic clamping to simulate operating conditions
in patients with advanced cardiac disease.
28. regulation of breathing 'in normal and hypoxic [oxygen deprived]
kittens and cats in both neutral and cool temperatures;" the authors
noted that .studies will focus particularly on conditions and sleep
states associated with either ventilatory compensation [rapid
breathing] or depression in response to hypoxia"
29. :;:tudies on the metabolism of infant rats "artificially reared from
about four days after birth until 23 days of age by the infusion of
the dlei ... through a miniaturized intragastric cannula;. the authors
noted that .It wlll be possible to use the intrgastric cannula to
deliver rat milk substitutes of varied formulation, nutritionally
adverse milk diets, abnormal metabolites..:
30. the effects on the lung cells of "prematurely delivered rabbits"
whose pregnant mothers were given aminophylline [a respiratory stimulant
drug which is extremely irritating to the tissues] in combination with various
other drugs
31. the effects on lung and tissue C02 exchange caused by altered blood pH
and temperature; the authors noted that .the Influence of drugs,
disease, and membrane alterations will be determined.
32. the nerve synapse organization of rats and monkeys given "Intracellur
Injections of horseradish peroxidase. into their hippocampal formation
[a region of the brain]; the authors noted that .the hippocampal formation
Is exceedingly seizure-prone..:
33. the neural mechanisms of vocal learning in birds following surgical
elimination of specific fibers from their vocal organs (the syrinx) at various
stages of development; the authors noted that .this information will be
used as a basis for comparison with birds that undergo various
experimental manipulations (such as auditory deprivation) during
early development.
4
34. biochemical, electrop~ iological, behav al and pharmacological
studies of induced pain in rats
35. behavioral and neural effects of toxicosis [poisoning of the entire body)
and pain in birds and rats; experimental manipulations noted by the authors
included: "conditioned taste aversions;" "gastric irritant;"
"conditioned fear in buzzer-shock conditioning;" and
"illness-induced odor aversion"
36. mechanisms of eye inflammation in rabbits; the authors proposed to use
.the rabbit eye model for herpes..:
37. gonadal (sexual organ) development in two types of monkeys; the
authors noted that "gonads obtained together with their adjacent
organs _.' will be sectioned and studied by means of high resolution
microscopy"
38. eye movement mechanisms following experimental surgical lesions in
multiple species; the authors reported that "measurements will be made
of single neurons activity In... alert, non-anesthetized rabbits"
39, reflex activity of cats; the authors proposed "utilizing iontophoretic
techniques [passing electrically charged ions into the muscus membranes of
the skin) In the chronic, unanesthetized, normally respiring animals"
40. sensory/motor responses in aging cats including assessment of damage
following "Injectlon of horseradish perodixase into the lumbar and
reticular neurons" during either sleep or waking
41. intravenous injection of nitro glycerin in 'a primate model of
chronic cerebral vasoconstriction" [constriction of blood vessels in the
brain); the authors reported that their technique "consistently produced
subarachnoid hemorrhage followed In 5 days by constrictlon of the
vessels adjacent to the site of the hemorrhage, and accompanied by
a neurological deficit ... Results were compared with a similar
experiment using a canine model and a marked difference In results
was seen. Caution Is recommended when extrapolating results to
humans"
42, experimental hypertension in the arteries of the kidney produced by
direct infusion of drugs into "the contralateral kidneys of conscious
dogs"
5
~-
-
43. the effects on neuron firing following selected surgical removal of
portions of the brain in cats and kittens studied for periods up to one year;
the authors noted that "frontal cortical lesions inflicted upon adult
cats produced more widespread changes ... than similar lesions
made in neonates"
44. epileptic seizure activity induced in single cells "of normal, awake
cats" exposed to scorpion venom
45. cardiorespiratory control in both sleeping and waking cats; the authors
noted that "experimental variables will include transient
elevation of the blood pressure ... balloon Inflation of the aorta ...
tracheal occlusion .., hypoxic challenges [insufficient oxygen] ...
electrical stimulation of the forebrain..:
46. lesions of the eye produced by exposure of rabbits to staphylococcus
aureus (a virulent bacteria) which produces tissue destroying toxins
47. eye movements produced by mircostimulation of the brain of "alert
cats;" the authors noted that "electrodes were Inserted In the orbital
bone ... A dental cement pedestal was built to attach the animal's
head to a metallic frame. For at least two weeks, with the head
fixed, the cats were trained to make anticipatory fixations of
eccentric targets"
48. stress induced changes in alcohol consumption of adult rats exposed to
alcohol while still in the mother's uterus; types of stress included "cardiac
puncture: "noise and shake: and " Inescapable, Intermittent
footshock"
49. the effects of chronic stress on the analgesic properties of morphine
applied to rats; the authors noted that the rats were given "repeated
exposure to a variety of stimuli: footshock stress ... tall-shock ...
hot-plate stress ... electroconvulsive shock... or paw-pinching"
50. changes in simple and complex behaviors of rats following induced
seizures; the authors noted that " the behaviors Included ... tall
withdrawal, squeak, and multiple squeak responses to painful tall
shocks ... [and] clinging to a vertical grid"
6
--- -- --
-
51. the effects of stress on .....In-inhlbltory syst"ms in the brain of rats; the
authors noted that .anlmals -'ere exposed to Jne of three procedures;
a) brief stress - Inescapable foot shock (3ma) administered
continuously for 3 minutes ... b) prolonged stress - Inescapable
footshock (3m a) administered Intermittently (I second pulses
delivered every 5 seconds) for 30 minutes; or c) no stress..:
52. locomotion In cats given spinal cord transection at either two or twelve
weeks of age; while on a treadml11, the authors noted that .when needed,
stepping movements were enhanced by pinching the hind paws or
twisting the base of the tall"
53. behavioral effects of morphine in cats following selected surgical
lesions; the authors noted that .wlthln 2-4 minutes after morphine, all
cats showed salivation, licking and swallowing, which was
followed In 671 of the experiments by retching and vomiting..:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
SlM1ARIES AND OOCLt1ENT ATION PROVIDFD BY'
MICHAEL A GIANNELLI, PH.D.
DIRECTOR
THE NATIONAl COAlITION TO
PROTECT OUR PETS
3123 CAHUENGA BL VD. WEST
LOS ANGELES, CA 90068
(213)937-7387
7
--- -...
-
La.M. .mc;e tt.nsen
BIB!2iIeDriw. tlIdIand.s, c.t1ZlJ'H
~<:t.,v.,\?h ::z
December 19, 1985
Honorable Mayor Evelyn Wilcox
and the Common Council
City of San BernardIno
City Hall
300 North D Street
San BernardIno, CalifornIa 92401
Dear Mayor Wilcox:
It has come to my attentIon that a public hearIng w11l be held on
January 9, 1986 concernIng the Issue of sellIng anImals to research
facilItIes from the San Bernardlon cIty anImal shelter. I respectfully
request to have my name Included on your agenda. I should only need about
5 - 8 mInutes of your tIme.
In case It Is Important for you to know thIs, I represent no
organIzatIon Interested In thIs matter. I am an assocIate professor of
philosophy at the UnIversity of Redlands, and have devoted much of my
recent research efforts to the Questions of human - anImal ethIcs.
Consequently, I come only as a local cItIzen who Is concerned about thIs
Issue,
Thank you for consIderIng my request.
SIncerely,
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Lawrence Flnsen, Ph.D,
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December 31, 1985
Shauna Clark, City Clerk
City of San Bernardino
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, CA, 92418
Dear Shauna Clark:
This is my request to speak at the City Council
meeting on January 9, 1986.
This is in regard to the 'pound seizure' issue;
p.nd I would like to voice my opposition to the
practice of selling animals for research experiments.
Sincerely,
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December 31, 1985
dhauna 01ark
City Clerk
300 ,,). DStreet
3an Bernardino,
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Dear Hs. Clark:
~ would like to s~eak briefly in opposition to
"l'ounu 3eizure" at the hearing on January), 1936.
'Jincerely,
_ ~;~C-l~/c/'~/~(I"\.. ~<_~?(
[Jori cloward
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313 3avannah Ct.
Upland, Ca. 91786
(714-) ';)85-2046
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REQUEST TO BE HEARD
PUBLIC HEARING
January 9. 1986
6:00 P.M.
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The following named ,wish t dd
o a ress
the Public
the Mayor and Common Council at
Hearirtg to be held Th d
urs ay. January 9 1986 h
. . on t e
subject of the City of S B
an ernardino Animal
Shelter's policy of
selling dogs and cats f
or research purposes.
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Beverly Hi}:,::i, Cn"! tf.
,]2nuary 6, 19 6
Hon .:~velyn \'ii~,cox ~ Idayor
nnd Hon~ Shanna CJ aTk. Ci tJ' C-~.erk
P.O. Box 1318
~;nn Bernadino. Gal ifornia
HonorabJe t.layor1 City Clerk and Ifembers of the City Councii_:
TL,;" is n reque::t to J're::ent info:::mntion pertinent to the hear:Lng on
"Animal ~e;,earchl1 for your con;,"':~i der8tioa. A -,~:erioQ of annroxi.mately
five to ten ninute:: ::hould ':'~..1ffj_cient3_Y i)rov:.-de for a brief Gumma:;:'.on
or the ,rohibit ~)n cf pound rC.!_ea'..:e ::n lJer,: Yor}~ ;';tnte ;:md the :..::c-:ue..
":iJ: ~.ch concerned He'" Yorkers and the..r rc::;re:Jentnt~vp.::' a:- they ~'ert3Jn
to current ~ni t.Lati ve:::. :~ n ~~:'3n TIernAdino. II'1lnnk ~ro1J. for :/0:)1"
k..nu con;:;j.deration of my req'J,e:~;t.
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San Bernat...ino County. ...rm Bureau
INCORPORATED
Member of California r'arm Uureau Federation
Alntlha of Amalcan F(<rm Bureau Federation
A !!rinillUral ExU'nsiofl Service Co-Opnuf;n,.;
;"10 SOUTH HIVEHSIOE AVENlJE TE-LEPHONE (7141 HiS 5945
P.1AL TO, (~^L Ir-(lRNIA 9; 376
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January 2, 1985
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Paul E. Turner, Director of Animal Control
City of San Bernardino
333 Blood Bank Road
San Bernardino, California 92408
Dear Mr. Turner:
The agricultural community supports the use of animals by qualified
research institutions. We believe the American people agree this
type research is extremely valuable.
Our American Farm Bureau Policy states: "Research utilizing animals
is necessary to insure more effective human and veterinary practices.
We oppose legislation and regulations which would prohibit or unduly
restrict the use of animals in research".
I urge the City of San Bernardino to continue to make some animals
available to those institutIons conducting reasonable experiments.
Sincerel y
J'~- '#"'~
L. B. Hudson
President
dt
cc: Scritsmier
Bennett
wilcox
Estrada
Riley
Hernandez
Marks
Quiel
Frazier
Strickler
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January 3, 1986
Director Paul E. Turner
Department of Animal Control
333 Bloodbank Road
San Bernadino, CA 92408
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Dear Mr. Turner:
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Dr. William Winchester at UC Irvine informed us that you may be testifying at
next week's City Council hearing concerning sales of pound animals for ~.
research. He wanted us to provide you with information relating to the-e'ffect
of ending pound sales on the subsequent utilization of the pounds by the
public. Animal rights groups always claim that ending such sales will restore
the public's faith in the pounds and will result in increased use of the
pounds, as people will no longer fear that animals turned in will be sent to
research.
To our knowledge, there is no evidence that increased use of pounds has
occurred anywhere in the United States following bans on pound sales to
research. Indeed, Dr. John McArdle of the Humane Society of the United States
admitted in an October 1984 workshop that this was the weakest argument
against "pound seizure 11 since it cannot be documented. It was his opinion
that people do not use pounds because they are irresponsible and because they
fear that the animals will undergo euthanasia (Attachment 1).
I am sending you data from Orange County, California, which indicates there
was no statistically significant change in the numbers of animals brought in
or destroyed in the pounds after the county ceased selling animals to research
(Attachment 2). Mr. Dyer Houston of the Animal Control Department of the City
of Los Angeles gave us the following figures for that jurisdiction:
40,700 dogs brought in to pound 1981 before pound sales to research were
barred
40,300 dogs brought in 1982 following the end of pound sales.
We were told that the ending of pound sales in New York State had no effect on
the number of animals brought into the pounds in Rochester, Albany or
Northhempstead (Attachment 3).
At every hearing in the California Legislature relating to this issue, the
animals'-rights side had a pound director who would say that the ending of
pound sales to research in his city or county greatly improved relations with
the public and ended a long time source of friction. At no time did these
directors ever testify that more animals were brought in as a result of the
-- - -.
-
2
ban on sales. In one hearing the committee chairman interrupted this
testimony and said that of course life is always easier for officials when
they cave in to the demands of pressure groups; that is not, however, a good
criteria for conducting governmental operations that are supposed to benefit
the entire community.
I hope this information is useful to you. Let me know if I can be of further
assistance.
Sincerely,
,o,~~
(415-642-4301)
Director, Research and
Pub lie Po licy
Attachments
cc: Associate Vice President Albertson
Director Winchester
Senior Analyst Aarens
November 2, 1984
Notes from the 1984 Annual Conference of the Humane Society of the United
States (HSUS) - Animals and Society: Critical Times, Critical Choices;
October 24-27, 1984, San Diego, California
Workshop: Pound Seizure: Issues and Answers(Saturday October 27
1:30-3:30 p.m.) Presented by Dr John McArdle, Director
of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Organization, Washington D.C.
Dr. r~cArdle spoke to a group of approximately forty delegates on ways to
organize local and statewide efforts to end sales of pound animals for
research and teaching.
IMPORTANCE OF THE POUND SEIZURE ISSUE
He stated that this issue will be the number one effort of the HSUS.
It is an ideal issue for the animal rights community as it is the easiest
one to explain to the general public, who are concerned about their pets, and
it has the greatest potential for adding new members to animal organizations.
If various animal organizations cannot get together on this issue, then there
is no issue they can succeed on. He is convinced that it is a winnable issue;
he claimed five states banned pound seizure last year and sixteen states had
groups working on this issue. The HSUS is currently identifying sympathetic
legislators and staff people on the national level. He believes that by 1990
. Federal Legislation will pass prohibiting the use of Federal Funds for re-
search involving pound animals, thus effectively eliminating pound seizure in
all states, even those that are too tough to win over individually.
HSUS FUTURE ACTIONS
Dr. McArdle referred to a major effort that will be undertaken this
coming February. He said he was not at liberty to say what it was but it will
shock the Research Community. Later on he said "can you imagine the effect of
simultaneous campaigns against pound seizure in 30 states at one time? Wait
until February!" They are going to come out with more films on this issue.
They are also working with legislative staffs "who are always the people you
should lobby---forgot about the legislators and just convince their staffs."
-- - ....
-
...
TACTICS
He emphasized that proper tactics ~ere important in pound seizure cam-
paigns and that often the animal rights peeple were their own worst enemy:
a} Never appear to be opposed to ani~al research - Researchers will
claim that anti-pound seizure campaigns are anti-research, that
their true aim is to end all animal research. Do not play into
their hands; claim that your concern is only about the source of
the animals used. When members of the audience objected that they
were also concerned about having dogs bred for research, McArdle
pointed out that ending pound seizure will reduce the number of
dogs used, as they will become much more expensive; he also said
that after a successful pound seizure campaign, groups can then
work to pass other laws eliminating various kinds of animal
research.
b} Never use loaded words; " Animal Rights" (too strange for the
general public); " Vivisection" (they hear anti-vivisection)
"Torturer/Sadist" (the publ ic respects researchers); refer to
"Research" or to " Experimentation."
c} Do not deny that important advances have come from research; do
say that is not the issue.
d} Do not become too emotional; some emotion is ok but too much can
defeat your case.
e}
Do not allow everyone who wants to
people should be carefully chosen;
cool and not say the wrong thing.
campaign.
speak to do so---your spokes-
people who can maintain their
One person can destroy a whole
f) Be positive; point out the advantages and cost savings of your
proposal.
g} Try to attend press conferences put on by researchers; it is
easy to use ploys to gain admittance. Ask embarrassing questions;
if they refuse to answer the Media will jump on them; if they
do answer, you will have highlighted the issues we wish to
emphasize.
h} Researchers will put on "freak shows" parading various patients
in hearings; point out that this is an inappropriate emotional
appeal and not germane to the subject.
--
--
ISSUES TO EMPHASIZE
Animal rights organizations should emphasize four points on the pound
sei zure issue;
1. The Function of the Pound and Shelter is to be a sanctuary and not a
source of cheap research animals. Researchers are invading our turf; we are
experts on animal control and this is an issue of the treatment of lost pets.
Points out that researchers benefit from the tragedy of pet overpopulation and
do nothing to help the problem. They should offer free spay and neuter clin-
ics, provide public education, and donate funds to shelters. Indeed, they
should operate their own shelters and let people bring unwanted animals to
them rather than taking animals from our facilities.
2. The Public will be less willing to use pounds if they believe animals
will be turned over to research. This increases the pet overpopulation
problem. He admitted that this is their weakest argument since there is no
way to document it. He suggested that it may be people don't use shelters
because they know the animals will be euthanized. Groups should obtain copies
of lette:s from the Los Angeles City Pound people who said that ending pound
sales was useful; Mayor Bradley or Los Angeles also wrote a letter that can be
used.
3. Pound animals are not needed. Bring up the points that there are other
animal models, purpose bred animals are superior, and that pound animals are
pets that are not suitable for research.
4. Cheap animals impede the use and development or alternative methods.
RESPONSES TO POINTS BROUGHT UP BY RESEARCHERS
THE DOMINO PRINCIPLE - Researchers argue that ~nding pound sales is
merely a first step to stopping all animal research. This is their strongest
argument. We must constantly say that the issue is the role of pounds and
shelters and not research.
TWICE AS MANY ANIMALS WILL BE KILLED - Point out that the Humane Society
is doing something about the pet overpopulation problem while researchers are
merely exploiting it. Anti-Pound Seizure Legislation should be coupled with
provisions increasing spay/neuter clinics so the positive contribution of
animal groups to this issue is emphasized.
NO ANIMALS WOULD BE AVAILABLE - Point out breeders could quickly increase
capacity to produce needed animals; say that under free enterprise, there
would be incentives to breed animals and they will be available.
RESEARCH WOULD COME TO A HALT - Pound animals are not used in England,
Sweden, Denmark or Holland, which all continue to do research. Fewer than 1%
of animals used in research are dogs and cats. Dogs can be replaced by pigs
or calves; they are used only because it is traditional and they are cheap.
DOGS NEEDED FOR PRACTICE SURGERY - The use of live animal models has been
banned in England since 1876 and they do good surgery. The HSUS has copies of
letters from the British Veterinary Association stating how their vets are
trained and that it would be abhorrent to make healthy animals sick in order
to train students. If researchers say that heart transplants are not per-
formed in England, point out that is true because the English stress preven-
tion rather than such last minute, expensive, and high risk procedures.
Despite the billions spent on animal research in the US, we are 13th in the
world in health.
PETS ARE NOT USED - Describe how researchers go to pounds and say "sit"
to a group of dogs; only those that obey (because they are docile former pets)
are taken. In San Bernadino, the Humane Society ran a adoptable dog of the
week in the local paper; researchers frequently took that animal. While many
animals have to be euthenized, researchers take the healthiest, friendliest,
most docile animals out of the shelters precisely the animals that are the
most adoptable. While usually researchers want 20-501b animals, no kind of
dog is safe; the University of Cincinnati took poodles and then cut their
hearts out in an experiment. In Ohio it costs $30 to retrieve your pet from a
pound, researchers buy animals for $3.
FOUND ANIMALS ARE SUITABLE FOR RESEARCH - Pound animals are not suitable
research animals. Point out 99~ of animals used in research are pure bred;
if"random source" dogs are appropriate then why not use mice and rats from
sewers rather than breed them? Pound animals are different from purpose bred
genetically mixed animals; pets experience extreme stress in labs, which
distorts research findings while purpose bred animals are conditioned to being
in a lab setting. Purpose bred animals have a clear genetic background while
pound ani~als have an unknown background; indeed many former pets are pure
bred animals which researchers claim not to want. Pound animals do not have
stable physiological parameters; they often carry diseases and parasites. In
a 1977 study in England, 70~ of cats in an experiment were found to have
lesions on their hearts even though they looked normal. The NIH does not use
pound source animals because of their bad experience with them; in the period
1965-70, they found that 10% of their dogs died and 55% were sick and unsuit-
able for research. Even when they went to pre-conditioned dogs in 1971, they
still lost 23% of the animals.
POUND ANIMALS ARE NEEDED TO CURE DISEASE - This is the point researchers
try to make when they parade their freaks in hearings---the blind, cancer
victims, sick children. Very few dogs are used in cancer research; none are
used in AIDS research; they were not used to develop polio vaccine. It was
just by chance that they were used in diabetes research; any large mammel
would have worked. At the University of Miami, researchers are close to
developing a cure for diabetes; they use only purpose bred beagles. In heart
research, most techniques are perfected on calves; dogs are used only in
preliminary stages of the research. Ask researchers if they themselves use
pound animals; if pigs or calves could be substituted as the research model.
COSTS OF REPLACEMENT ANIMALS - Pound animals are much more expensive than
they appear as their higher mortality requires more to be used, resulting in
wasting money for extra operations, post-operative care, etc. for animals that
die before the experiment is complete. Since institutions and not researchers
pay those overhead costs, the animals appear to be cheaper. NIH Grants limit
amount to be spent on animals to 15% of the grant; emergency funds are avail-
able to provide for higher costs for animals in existing grants. New grants
will be approved with higher animal costs if the project is important enough.
EXAMPLES OF POUND SEIZURE CAMPAIGNS
CHICAGO - Groups in Chicago convinced Mayor Byrne to support them by
pointing out they represented thousands of pet owning voters, while there were
only a few hundred researchers in the City and most of them lived in the
suburbs. Unfortunately the whole campaign was destroyed because in a hearing,
one spokeswomen said "I represen"t the New England Anti-Vivisection Society."
Simply by saying that word, the Council became convinced that this was an
anti-research measure and voted it down. It has taken groups there a year to
re-group; recently representatives met with Mayor Washington. It should be
noted that all representatives were White; the Mayor needs to gain the support
of White voters. They told him supporting this issue would help him gain the
suppert of their me~bership.
MASSACHUSETTS - Animal organizations were able to achieve this greet
victory beceuse they joined together for this campaign. The tactic they used
was to propose a referendum; they needed 40,000 signatures to have it placed
on the ballot and they had gotten 140,000 when Harvard caved in and allowed a
bill to pass in the Legislature. The Harvard Administration concluded it would
cost SI million to fight this campaign and they would lose public support even
if they won. The animel organizctions had been prepared to drop all the
provisions of the bill except for banning pound seizure. Since Harvard caved
in so early, the groups were able to obtcin several additional gains including
a bar. cn i"-porting pound animals after 1986 and the right of Humane Officers
to conduct inspections of laboratories.
CALIFORNIA - California was the most important model for boOth sides and
even though we have suffered a temporary set-back, this experience has helped
the movement grow, brought animal rights issues before the public and given us
lessons for future campaigns. Gretchen Wyler now admits it was a mistake to
include a ban on painful experiments in the Roberti Bill, as it made the
measure appear to be anti-research. CBRA was a very strong opponent; unlike
Harvard, CBRA was not concerned about public support and would not compromise.
He I'lould not recommend a referendum campaign; they almost always lose and are
very expensive. It would be better to spend the money on ads, which will help
build up your organizations. Use political lobbying and emphasize the numbers
of your people who can be brought out to vote for legislators~
A new tactic used by researchers was the so-called Filante "Pet
Protection" Bill. You should point out that tatooing/identification schemes
have been tried in the past and do not work. Ralston Purina tried to insti
tute a national pet identification system some years ago as a marketing
campaign. They did a $5 million test study in Austin, Texas and Knoxville,
Tennessee; despite much publicity and free tatooing, very few people took
advantage of it.
OTHER ISSUES
THE DOLE BILL - They are working to get an amendment into the bill that
would give individuals standing to sue the Department of Agriculture to
enforce the Animal Welfare Act. That could result in thousands of suits that
would make them crack down on research institutions. APHIS currently is a
joke; last year they had $1 million surplus in their budget. The Department
of Agriculture does not want to enforce the Animal Welfare Act.
TV COVERAGE - The recent Frontline program on PBS was very positive
toward animal rights. The recent 60 Minutes program was terrible; it tried to
contrast Emotion vs Science. It could have been worse, as they had footage of
crazies stating we should experiment on prisoners, etc rather than animals.
It did show researchers in a bad light; President Kennedy of Stanford appeared
to be very arrogant. Giving attention to animal rights is more important than
anything that was said; at least, 40 million people were made aware of this as
an issue.
SERGEANT PRODUCTS - Sergeant's uses dogs seized from pounds in Virginia to
test its products; this includes putting a flea collar on the animal and
throwing it into a barrel or fleas. You should boycett their products in
protest of these actions.
INFILTRATING THE OPPOSITION - Animal rights representatives have sat in on
workshops conducted by researchers on how to fight pound seizure campaigns.
We have obtained copies of their materials, tape recorded the proceedings and
are aware of the tactics they plan to use.
Center for Ulcer Research and Education
\ lor Ulo
0-0 19",
cJ ~
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9- 0
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01]03 f)'P
1 9 Jun e 1 982
Dear Belle:
I hope these data are of help. I did a quick plot of the data
which clearly shows no dramatic change in animals impounded
as a result of stopping pound release in Nov, 1980.
I will keep working on my other tasks--i .e. a summary of our guidelines
that all will accept and futher assessment of impact elsewhere.
I hope all goes well.
Best wishes,
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION CENTER, BUILDING 115, ROOM 217, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90073
TELEPHONE (AREA CODE 213) 478.3711 EXTENSION 2140, 4429
(213) 825-5091
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1979
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Orange County Pound
1980
1981
29,578
7,656
26,980
8,210
30%
26%
5,285
6,430
20%
22%
14,420
53%
14,626
49;~
/
i
8/8/83
EXPERIENCE IN STATES WITH
LEGISLATION PROHIBITING THE USE OF POUND ANIMALS FOR RESEARCH
There are seven states that prohibit the release of any pound animals for
research--Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and
Rhode Island. Virginia has a law prohibiting the release of pound animals
out-of-state; Virginia research institutions can still obtain pound animals. ,
The National Society for Medical Research in Washington, D.C. conducted a
survey in 1982 of institutions in those states which have laws prohibiting
pound release to learn the effects of those laws on teaching and research.
Universities and hospitals reported that they faced many difficulties since
the enactment of such laws. The responding institutions noted that presently
over 90% of the dogs and cats they are using continue to be pound-source
animals. Now they must buy those animals from dealers who obtain them from
states that do not have laws prohibiting pound release. The result has been a
marked increase in costs for animals. Moreover, the institutions report that
they cannot obtain required numbers of animals for research and that there are
difficulties in purchasing disease-free quality animals. The consequences
have been less research and teaching being done, 'research and teaching
eliminated in certain fields, institutions being less competitive in obtaining
federal research grants and increased costs affecting other programs.
I
At SUNY Buffalo,: for example, researchers have to pay 4-5 times as much for
dogs as they did previously. Research grants were budgeted based on lower
animal costs and it has been impossible to obtain increases in grants. As a
result, researchers are having to do fewer experiments. Pound animals are
being shipped in from the Midwest and are arriving in poor physical condition.
There have been delays in getting out-of-state animals and at ~imes research
has come to a halt for three or fcur week periods because no research animals
were available. Teaching programs have been hurt most of all as students no
longer can obtain hands-on-experience in surgery and anatomy classes.
The effects for California could be more devastating, since SB 883 prohibits
the importation of out-of-state pound animals after 1985. Replacement animals
in California would be much more expensive and difficult to obtain than has
,been the case in those other states.
There does not seem to be any corresponding benefits from the enactment of
such laws. The contention of supporters of SB 883 that the effects of the
bill will be that more animals will be brought to pounds is not borne out. In
response to inquiries, the pound directors in Rochester, Albany and
Northhempstead, New York all reported that the prohibition on release of
animals for research has had no effect on the numbers of animals turned into
the pounds.
The negative effects if laws prohibiting pound release are beginning to be
recognized. Several ~tates including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Connecticut all passed their laws about the same time in 1978-79. Since then,
as the effects of the laws have become more apparent, no state has passed such
a law despite the introduction of such bills before many state legislatures.
Attempts are being made now to repeal these laws in a number of states that
,have passed them.
~
UNITED ANIMAL NATIONS
~
Foreign Offices:
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
STUTTGART. GERMANY
MilLIKEN, ONTARIO
.--
ANIMAL
PROTECTION
INSTITUTE
OF AMERICA
"cnr."', '
f\Ll.I:_' .
, '-',.,
5894 South land P;Jrk Dnve
P.O_ Box 22505
Sacramento. CA 95822
(916) 422-1:1~1
TWX 910 367 2375 API SAC
'P,6
l. Jt:.} -;; f:11 :L; 1
January 9, 1986
San Bernardino City Council Members
c/o Shanna Clark, City Clerk
300 N. "B" Street
San Bernardino. CA 92418
Dear City Council Members:
The Animal Protection Institute which consists of 180,000 members
nationwide, many in your area, staunchly opposes pound seizure, the
practice of taking dogs and cats from public shelters for use as
laboratory subjects in research facilities.
Our opposition to pound seizure is based on many facts. First, this
practice capitalizes on the tragic pet overpopulation situation cur-
rently experienced in this country and jeopardizes the public trust in
shelters. Many individuals will release their animals into the wilds
rather than admit them to a shelter which practices pound seizure.
Second, pound animals are of undetermined genetic, medical, nutri-
tional, and environmental background; thus, they react unpredictably
and inconsistently to experimentation making the reliability of the
research questionable or useless. A former pet, accustomed to homes
and human/animal bonding, does not deserve to remain for the rest of
his or her life, in a caged environment undergoing possibly painful
procedures under constant stress and fear. Third, healthy, docile
animals chosen from pounds as research subjects often are the most
manageable and most likely candidates for adoption by new owners.
Pound seizure strips our shelters of animals that could become
part of a loving and caring family.
continued .
President.nd Founder, BELTON P. MOURAS; Chairman 01 the Board, KENNETH E. GUERRERO; Vlo::e-Chalrman, DUF FISCHER; Secretary,LUANA
GRIMLEY; Directors: ROWLAND MITCHELL; DON OLIVER; RICHARD WEMPE; Ylu-PreIJdent,;CHERYL MOURAS; DEANNA SOARES: Honorary
Vice-Presidents: MRS. FRANK V. BRACH; CLAUDE, COUNTESS OF KINNOULL; KIM NOVAK; CHARLOTTE L.B. PARKS; National Advl.ory Board:
MERRILL A. BURT, D.V.M., Veterinary Medicine; NED BUYUKMIHCI, V.M.D., Institutional VetBrina~' Medicine: DR. GINA CERM1NARA, S~ak.ers Bureau;
DONALD E. DOYLE, M.D., Medical Science Advisor: BRUCE MAX FELDMANN, D.V.M., Veterinary MedicinB and Pat Population; MARJORIE GUERRERO.
Humane Education; MRS. KoI\THY HARRISON, NorthweslRegionalAClivilies;ED KING. Inveshgation$andLI~Enlorcement:MARJORIE KING, PublicitYlndPromo-
lions; SHIRLEy McGREAL. PH.D., Primate Specialist; HENRY SPIRA, Animal E~perimentatjon; JOYCE S.A. TISCHLER, J.D., Al'limal Rights and the Law: ANN
VOL1V A. Promotions and Au.o;iliaries;MRS. RALPH YOUNGDALE, Publicity and Promotions: Foreign Ad"l,ors: ANGUS O. McLAREN, TransvaAl, South Africa:MRS.
ANNA MUMFORD, Vancouver,Canada:M1CHAELA DENIS, Nairobi. Kenya:ln Memorlam:VELMA "Wild Horse Annie" JOHNSTON; HARRY DEARINGER;
MRS. ALFRED JACKSON
API IS A NQr>.1PROFIT. TAX-EXEMPT OFlGANIZATION
ALL CONTAIRtlTlONS ARE DEDUCTIBLE FOf';INCC\ilE AND ESTATE TAX PURPOSES
--
,
City Council Members
-2-
January 9, 1986
API asks that you support the abolition of pound seizure in your
area. Public shelters and pounds were developed as a haven for
homeless animals not as a warehouse of animals for research.
FOR THE fu~I}~ PROTECTION INSTITUTE OF AMERICA
1st sincerely,
. ,'--'" ""--', r \
ur i 1~~ l).Vc~?-y.-,JL
Che~ Mouras Goldsmith
Senior Vice President
CMG/gc
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CLEVELAND AMORYcFOR THE ~UNDS ,
PO BOX e'66.
UNIVERSAL CITY CA Q160e 07AM
q-OZQS2QS007 01/07/86 Ies IPMRNCZ CSP LSAB. .
8183S28QQ3 MGMB TORN SUN VALLEY CA 118 01-07 0430P EST
~
HON EVELYN WILCOX MAYOR
HON RHAIJNA "1 '~IC ""TV r.1 f:OIt'
MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
300 NORTH D
SAN BERNARDINO CA q2Q18
OUR ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP iMPLORES YOU To PROHIBIT THE RELEASE OF
IMPOUNDED PETS FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH, PLEASE CO~SIDER THE TORTU~E THAT
RESEARCH ANIMALS MUST ENDURE, AND RE~E~BER THAT IMPOUNDED ANIMALS ARE
USUALLY FAMILY PETS..THEY CA~OT ASK WHY THEIR LOYALTY AND LOVE ARE
REWARDED WITH SUCH ATROCITIE~
POUND SEIZURE IS AN OUTDATED PRACTJCE. PLE6SE ADD SAN 8ERNARDI~O.TO
THE GROWING LIST OF ENLIGHTENED CITI!S THAT REFUSE TO SUPPORT .~HIS
PRACTICE. WE ANXIOUSLY AWAIT THE OUTCO~E OF THIS ISSUE AND WILL
ADVISE OUR MEMBERSHIP OF THE ACTION OF EACH CITY COUNCIL MEMBER
CLEVELAND AMORY .
FOR THE FUNDS FOR ANIMALS
i6;31 EST
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PMS SAN BERNARDINO ,CITY COUNC,IL
ATTENTION PUBLIC HEARING RE: CITY ANIMAL SHELTER. DLR BETWEEN,3 & 6PM
PLEASE. DLR' ", ,
SAN BERNARDINO CITY HALL
SAN BERNARDINO CA 924] 2
PROTECT ANIMAL SHELTER ANIMALS. ,DO NOTRELEASli; fOR MEDICAL RESEARCH.
, DR. DORYE ROETTGER
,....,..
EST
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DORIS DAV<FOR THE DORIS
PO BOX 81bb
UNIVERSAL CITY CA Qlb08 07AM
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8183528qq3 MG~B TDRN SUN VALLEY CA 12~ 01~07 OU15P EST
.
.
HON EVELYN WILCOX MAYOR
HON SHAUNA CLARK, C~TV ~lfo~
MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
300 NORTH D
SAN BERNADINO CA q241a
.
.
.
.
ON BEHALF OF THOSE WHO CANNOT SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES WE BESEECH you TO
END THE RELEASE OF IMPOUNDED PETS FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH. IF THESE
PETS CANNOT BE PLACED iN LOVING HOMES HUMANE. EUTHANASIA IS PREFERABLE
TO AN EXISTENCE IN A.RESEARCH LABORATORY.A LIVING HELL FILLEP WITH
FEAR CONFUSION PAIN AND ANGUISH FOR THESE HELPLESS CREATURES.
.
.
- ' .
PLEASE HELP US TO HELP THEM. yOUR DECISION TO END POUND SEIZURE wILL
SET A MARVELOUS EXAMPLE THAT OTHER CITIES ~ILL.FDLLOW. WE wILL
ANXIOUSLY NOTE THE PROGRESS OF THIS ISSUE AND INFORM OUR MEMBERSHIP
OF THE ACTION OF EACH CITY COUNCIL MEMBER
DORIS OAY
FOR THE DORIS DAY PET FOUNDATION
10:15 EST
.
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J1NIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, JHVERSIDE
" .
BEl\XELEY . DAVIS. IR\'INE . LOS ANeELES . I\(VERSIDE . SAN DIEGO. SAN FRANCISCO
IANTA .ARBARA . SANTA CRUZ
TELEPHONE: (714) 787-5535
RESEARCH OFFICE
NVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 92521
<\D
~
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January 8, 1986
-r 1-\-<:==
City of San Bernardino
Council Members
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, California
12-~c-c,Y2~, -
1 r--- F-( L ~LL -l S
92418
";; H-p~,,-' ~
?Hc ( l--
Dear Honorable Mayor and Council:
We regret that we are unable to send a representative to
this important meeting regarding the use of pound animals in
research. We understand that an individual plans to show a
videotape of an infant stumptail macaque monkey which was stolen
by the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) from our animal care
facilities on April 20, 1985. We request that the following
statements be read at the meeting when the videotape is shown:
1. The condition of the monkey depicted in this
videotape resulted from inept handling of the
animal by members of the ALF. The monkey's
condition is neither a result of nor repre-
sentative of the treatment received by this or any
other animal at the University of California,
Riverside.
2. We have presented a rebuttal to this videotape
to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in
response to allegations by the People for the
Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).
3. We have been asked by the NIH not to comment
further about this videotape nor to testify on
related matters until the NIH has concluded its
review. Thus, we cannot send a representative to
this meeting.
Sincerely,
Robert Leonard, Ch ir
Chancellor's Committee on
Laboratory Animal Care
RTL:wms
January 9, 1986
The Honorable Mayor and Councilpeople
City of San Bernardino
Resolved: The city should discontinue selling animals from
the animal shelter for medical research.
And GOD said, Let us make man in our image,
after our likeness: and let him have dominion
over the fish of the sea, .and over the fowl
of the air,and over the cattle, and over all
earth, and over everything that creepeth
upon the earth.
Genesis 1, 26
Since time immortal man has used animals: for food, for clothing,
for beasts of burden, as a power source, for transportation and
for medical research.
We, the beneficiaries of modern medical procedures perfected on
living tissue (aniamals), should jealously guard the communities
supply source of medical research animals.
Man has always guarded animals from wantom cruelty and torture
and should continue to do so thru appropriate legislation.
I don't believe it is in the best interests of the public, the
medical community or the animals for a legislative body to. prohibit
the sale of shelter animals to qualified medical facilities.
I pray you will vote NO on this issue.
Respectully
Eel (J ''1Z~ a.e.
Ed O'Neal
American Cancer Society
Board Member
22608 Minona Dr
Grand Terrace, Ca 92324
~ _ ~ 17 '7 ~IIS
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;.;;. .....
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P!~ ~-6Q~
January 9, 1986
The Honorable Mayor and Councilpeople
City of San Bernardino
Resolved: The city should discontinue selling animals from
the animal shelter for medical research.
And GOD said, Let us make man in our image,
after our likeness: and let him have dominion
over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl
of the air, and over the cattle, and over all
earth, and over everything that creepeth
upon the earth.
Genesis 1, 26
Since time immortal man has used animals: for food, for clothing,
for beasts of burden, as a power source, for transportation and
for medical research.
We, the beneficiaries of modern medical procedures perfected on
living tissue (aniamals), should jealously guard the communities
supply source of medical research animals.
Man has always guarded animals from wantom cruelty and torture
and should continue to do so thru appropriate legislation.
I don't believe it is in the best interests of the public, the
medical community or the animals for a legislative body to prohibit
the sale of shelter animals to qualified medical facilities.
I pray you will vote NO on this issue.
Respectully
U~~d
Ed O'Neal
American Cancer Society
Board Member
22608 Minona Dr
Grand Terrace, Ca 92324
............
January 6, 1986
Request for opportunity to be heard - brief presentation.
Re: Animal Control Sale of Dogs and Cats for Research
Public Hearing on January 9, 1986, 6:00 p.m.
From: Dr. Debra Schultz, Volunteer Legislative Laision
Phone: (213) 859-7132, Los Angeles
Received telephone request from Dr. Schultz to share
view of information from State of New York and result
of abolishment of pound seizure laws on research.
She stated that she will have 25 copies of documents on
her person at the hearing for Mayor, Council Members, etc.
Documents include letters from Governor Cuomo and other
legislative representatives.
Dr. Schultz requested a time allotment of at least five
minutes, and that her name be placed on list of speakers
put together by Paul Turner, Animal Control Director.
Dr. Schultz acknowledged that she is sending a letter in
writing asking for the opportunity to speak, but, because
of the late date, she is also making the request by telephone
in case the letter is not re c ieved in time.
P. Aguilera, City Clerk's Office
William Blackmore DVM
- VA Hosp. t/ilr. Joseph Llaurado
~Jerro 1 d Longerbeam
1 Dr. David Bay1ink ---
?\Dr. W. Ross Adey ~
~. Sandy Painter
.
ORGANIZATION
U.S:C.
~y Pettis
Loma Linda
"
"
I ~osePh's Church
V'Lo~a Linda
~Medica1 Center
San Diego
VA Medical Center
San D.
~Loma Linda University
Medical Center
"
"
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"
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Cedar Sinai Medical
/ Center
v "
V .,
American Bentley
I American Heart Assoc.
Western Medical Research
Association
. / ~~u><,.J. C","NCA:.~
V Sou ,,"1"0.{
NAME
o Lee Henderson
Dr. S
Allen Strother Ph.D.
Ted Mackett M.D.
Steven Ye110n Ph.D.
Thomas Purtzer M.D.
Ian Frazer Ph.D.
Brian Bull M. D.
~ax Crigger D.D.S.
Charles Kean D.V.M.
David Hinshaw M.D.
Lawrence Longo M.D.
James K1inenberg M.D.
Michael Shabot M.D.
Mayer Davidson M.D.
David Engquist
Lawrence Rapae1 M.D.
John Meehan M.D.
W 120<>,,\2--. TbIUZ-€'1
TIME
REDUESTED
,
15 Min.
TIME
PROPOSED
10
5Min.-~
5 Min.
-=- 10
5 Min.
5 Min.
5 Min. 5
5 Min.
10
10 Min.
5 Min.
5 Min.
5 Min.
.
10 Min.
5Min.
5 Min.
5 Min.
5 Min.
30
5 Min.
-..,.:...-..-..-,
10 Min. \
10 Min. >
10 Min. /
--....-- -
8 Min.
5 Min.
5 Min.
?
15
8
5
5
/
~
ORGANIZATION
HUmane Society of
San Bernardino Valley
Animal Protection
Instituee
National Coalition to
Protect Our Pets
Last Chance for Animals
None
People for the Ethical
Treatment of Animals
None
None
P.A.W.S.
NAME(S)
~r. Harold Chandler
TIME
REQUE$TED
15
~ Dr. Donald Doyle
10
.I Micheal Giannelli Ph.D
15
~Mr. Chris DeRose
{~onald Barnes M.D.
VElliott Katz DVM
Betty Denney Smith
Speaker #5
~Lawrence Finsen Ph.D
20
25
25
25
25
8
10
Mrs. Lucy Shelton
I Debra Schul tz Ph. D
Ms Virginia Mitchell
vlMs Lori Howard
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.c-~ . eLl ~ll}d
UCR raid . ..
(From Page B-1)
rabbits Ilad seriously set back Ills
r~arcll on fertility.
The research was Important
"to understanding Iluman fertility
and' lDfertlllty," Carroll said. "It's
a.. sllame."
Late last nlgllt, primate re-
searcller Warren and two of Ills
colleagues researcll psychologists
Edward Strelow and Jo Sonnier,
~t In tile kltclleIi of Warren's
Riverside home and looked at
photographs of tile baby primate
t~ey Ilad raised and worked wltll.
; Tile photos had been supplied
tq The Press-Enterprise by Javier
BiJrgos, wllo described Ilimself as
a'. spokesman for the Animal Ub-
etatlon Front Burgos said he had
nbt participated In tile, raid.
; Thpuglltlle monkey's eyelids
Ilad been sewn shut and his eyes
cOvered In clotll to prevent him
from seeing, tile researchers said
, tlie experiment was not cruel and
,.. part of project work that had
~n golllll on tor several years.
;. They said tile monkey's eyes
were to have been opened In an-
other seven weeks and his slgllt
restored as part of tile experi_
ment.' . " 'ii. '~:,'., '
The curreat phase at tile reo
search waS beIhg fUnded by the
NlIUonal Eye, Instttute and Is In-
tended to help understand tile reo
latlonslllp between blindness and
retardaUon In human youngsters.
The Infant monkey had been
fed with a special formula tIlet his
captors probably don't know how
to'.dupllcate, tile researchers said.
f' Sonnier and Warren said the
~nkey eastty COuld dehYdnlte
add die wltbIlI 24 hours, and all
. uiee wlsIIed aIo.d tlIat ~e pen.
~ :~ou:'~e ~Ould
, .r,"Yy IIIIItword," ~" ' Iowlald,
~.,.'brI1I8 my~tiome/~.'"
Mark Chappell, assistant professor of biology
at UCR. In front of a rack of caged mice used
In his research. Mice were among the an
taken In yesterday's raid at UCR.
UCR Police Chief elll Howe, left. and L.. Shannon, UCR dean
of the arllduete dfvlllon. wer., amonl th_ at yeaterelay', news,
~rence ~ the ,theft 0( meerch anlmall ~ the unlversl-
tr'1 LIfe Sdencu IluUdIn&.... Story on p.... A-I.' ,. '"
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