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"A Tree &
landscape Concern"
PRELIMINARY REPORT FOR:
LORI BYGUM
ADMINISTRATOR OF OPERATIONS
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
300 NORTH "D" STREET - FOURTH FLOOR
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA 90638
OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR TREES LOCATED AT:
CORNER OF "D" STREET AND HIGHLAND AVENUE
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA
PREPARED BY:
SAMUEL L. KNAPP, ASCA
CONSULTING ARBORIST
JANUARY 3, 1990
Riverside 714/688-6043 Fullerton 714/447-8811
Post Office Box 8796 . Riverside, California 92515
45~
RE: Preliminary observations and recommendations for
Ceratonia Siliaua
As per our directive, we visually inspected the four trees
in question. These trees are Ceratonia Siliqua, commonly
known as carob. They are street trees planted in a
parkway site.
For clarification in this report, the trees have been
numbered one through four (1-4), with number one being at
the corner, continuing southerly on "0" street.
Species: Ceratonia Siliqua, carob.
Height: 40'.:!:.
Crown: 30' to 40'
Trunk: 28".:!:. (diameter at 4.5' height)
After visually inspecting the trees, it appears that each
suffers similar symptoms. They are listed as follows:
1. Overweight, dense, and unbalanced canopies creating
wind throw concerns.
2. Signs of gdmmosis, sap bleeding from trunks. A
stress related factor.
3. Mechanical or pruning injuries.
4. Presence of decay.
5. Weak branch attachment architecture.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Perform decay detection analysis. The decay
detection can be accomplished by utilizing a Shigometer
(electrical resistance measurement) and by core sampling
the trees. This will permit a more detailed picture of
the tree's structural conditions.
2. Perform root crown inspection to determine basal
area cavities and root crown architecture. The most
accurate method would be to remove the concrete sidewalk
around the trees for inspection of the size and
concentration of the root system. If deemed appropriate,
root pruning and root barrier installation can be more
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accurately determined at this time.
CONCLUSIONS:
Generally, street trees receive two (2) types of care:
training and maintenance. Training is done primarily on
young trees; whereas, maintenance is performed on mature
ones. However, these trees need a third form of
arboricultural care. This activity would include cabling
and bracing, wound and cavity treatment, and root pruning.
In my opinion, these trees are presently in a hazardous
condition. They are at a critical phase ("midlife
crisis") in their life, with either preservation or
replacement as viable alternatives. With appropriate
arboricultural practices, the trees' useful life span will
increase to the species normal life expectancy. options
are as follows:
REPLACEMENT
PRESERVATION
B. Replace with a more
appropriate species
C. Early care and
training
OR
A. Perform preservation
techniques
B. Routine maintenance
A. Removal
C. Hardscape maintenance
D. Ongoing inspection
This is a preliminary report and further inspection and
discussion will be necessary. Your interest in our
"Living Investment" is appreciated and our knowledge will
aid in your green investment. Enclosed is information for
your use.
C~diallf /Y
d(l1WA '{Vt~n Ul
Samuel L Knap ,T~SCA
Consulting Ar orist
SLK/amv
Enclosure.
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STRATEGIES FOR MINIMIZING LIABILITY RISKS
Re: Preservation of mature trees.
CONCERNS:
* Aging urban forest
* Growth of suburbs
* Changing environmental factors
* Acclimatization to environment
STRATEGIES:
* Annual inspection by Certified consulting Arborist
* Establishment of systematic management plan
* Application of sound arboricultural principals
* Avoid crisis management
* Documentation
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"A Tree &
Landscape Concern"
REPORT FOR:
MANUEL MORENO
PUBLIC SERVICES DIRECTOR
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
300 NORTH "D" STREET - FOURTH FLOOR
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA 90638
RESULTS FROM:
ROOT CROWN ANALYSIS -
ADDENDUM TO PRELIMINARY REPORT
DATED JANUARY 3, 1990
FOR TREES LOCATED AT:
CORNER OF "D" STREET AND HIGHLAND AVENUE
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA 92104
PREPARED BY:
SAMUEL L. KNAPP, ASCA
CONSULTING ARBORIST
JANUARY 8, 1990
Riverside 714/688-6043 Fullerton 714/447-8811
Post Office Box 8796 . Riverside, California 92515
RE: Root crown inspection, of the
siliqQa (carob) trees located at the
and Highland Avenue, San Bernardino.
four ( 4 ) Ceratonia
corner of "0" Street
The following are my findings regarding the root crown
analysis' performed on the four (4) Ceratonia siliqua
(carob) trees. All diameters given for trunk width have
been taken at four and one-half feet (4.5') above grade.
The trees are located in a parkway that is six and one-
half feet (6.5') wide. Root mass measurements refer to
the width of roots in the top four to eight inches (4-8")
of soil on the sidewalk side. (west). Injuries were noted
on all trees due to concrete removal.
SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS:
Tree #1:
32" diameter
Good basal flare
18" root mass
Curb, gutter, sidewalk, and storm drain concerns
with regard to root system
Tree #2:
32" diameter
Good basal flare
24" mass, upper root crown
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Tree #3:
32" diameter
Good basal flare, some decay noted
18 - 20" root mass
Extensive wounds from concrete removal
Tree #4:
41" diameter
Very good basal flare
26" root mass
Curb and gutter broken
RECOMMENDATIONS:
In my opinion, conventional root pruning or barrier
installation at the present hardscape location would not
be recommended. The volume and size of the roots cut
would subject the base of the trees to decay. The resul-
ting decay would create a potentially hazardous condition
from root system failure. If trees are to be preserved
the hardscape needs to be of replaceable nature to allow
for soil and root system expansion. This could be done
easily on the sidewalk side, but would be more difficult
on the curb side.
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COST ANALYSIS OF REMOVAL OR PRESERVATION
Removal costs:
A. Complete removal with stumps.
B. Replacement trees, 36" box size.
C. Early care and training. (2 yrs.)
$4000.00
$3200.00
$ 800.00
Preservation costs:
A. Cabling, bracing, and wound treatment.
B. Corrective trimming for preservation.
$1800.00
$2800.00
C. Replacement of hardscapes.
D. Annual inspection with written report.
?
$ 400.00
This is an addendum to our report dated January 3, 1990.
Your interest in our "Living Investment" is appreciated.
Our knowledge will aid in your green investment.
~~~, MeA
Consulting <~b~rist
SLK/RS
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