HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-26-2015 Charter Committee Agenda & Backup 1
City of San Bernardino
Volunteer Citizen-Based Charter Committee
Agenda
Time: 5:00 p.m.
Date: Tuesday, May 26, 2015
Place: EDA Board Room 201 N. E Street, San Bernardino, CA 92418
The City of San Bernardino recognizes its obligation to provide equal access to public services to those
individuals with disabilities.Please contact the City Clerk's Office (909) 384-5102) one working day
prior to the meeting for any requests for reasonable accommodation, to include interpreters.
Anyone who wishes to speak on a numbered agenda item will be required to fill out a speaker slip.
Speaker slips should be turned in to the City Clerk before the item is taken up by the Committee. The
Clerk will relay them to the Committee Chair person. Public comments for agenda items are limited to
three minutes per person, a total of 15 minutes per each numbered item(not each sublettered item), with
comments to be received from the public before discussion of the item by Committee members.
ROLL CALL
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
CHAIR'S COMMENTS
PUBLIC COMMENT(LIMIT 30 MINUTES)
ACTION ITEMS(subject to time available with meeting scheduled to end by 7pm)
1. Approval of minutes from May 12 17, 2015 meeting(attached)
2. Procedural Matters
a. Presentation from Andy Belknap, Management Partners
b. Review,revise, and approve Approach to Charter Review Revision#lc (attached)
C. Review our Public Input Questionnaire,possible modifications and updates of it, &
responses concerning it received to date.
d. Timeline(PMS draft attached)
e. Request for Professional Charter Consultants &/or Legal Counsel
f. Review City's Strategic Plan and Plan of Recovery in support of Plan of Adjustment-
(Extracts attached)
3. Development of Skeleton Form of Government Structure (PMS Analysis attached)
4. Development of Skeleton City Council Structure and Powers
5. Next Meeting Date and Time
ADJOURN
Unless changed at the May 2e meeting, the next meeting of the Volunteer Citizen-Based Charter
Committee will be 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, June, 9, 2015 in the EDA Board Room, 201 N. E. Street.
Attendees are encouraged to park on the top floor of the City Hall parking structure and access the EDA
building from there.
Item 1
Draft Minutes 5/12/15
City of San Bernardino
Volunteer Citizen-Based Charter Committee
May 12, 2015
DRAFT Minutes
The meeting was called to order by Chairman Phil Savage at 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, May
12, 2015, in the EDA Board Room, 201 N. "E" Street, San Bernardino, California.
ROLL CALL
Present: Chairman Phil Savage; and Committee Members Dennis Baxter, Hillel
Cohn, Michael Craft, Casey Dailey, Gloria Harrison, Tom Pierce, and
Gary Walbourne
Also attending: City Attorney Gary Saenz and Deputy City Clerk Linda Sutherland
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
CHAIR'S COMMENTS
Chairman Savage stated that at their last meeting the committee laid out a plan of
approach they were going to take and they discussed the importance of public input and
the need for professional counsel.
PUBLIC COMMENTS
Jim Smith, Highland, stated that public input was extremely important and offered to
help the committee in any way he could.
ACTION ITEMS
1. Approval of Minutes for April 28, 2015
Committee Member Walbourne requested that the discussion regarding the
Strategic Planning Core Team meetings being a possible Brown Act violation be
included in the minutes.
Committee Member Craft made a motion, seconded by Committee Member
Pierce, to approve the minutes, as amended. The motion carried unanimously.
2. Revision ofApproach to Charter Review—Revision #1
Chairman Savage reviewed the revisions he had made to the document and stated
that when they review each topic they should also be considering the City's
Strategic Plan and not just the Operating Practices for Good Government that had
been adopted. He suggested adding the Strategic Plan to the process as Item No.
1
E7. He stated that they also need to discuss what should be in the Charter versus
what should be in the Municipal Code.
3. Plans re Public Comment and Forums
There was discussion as to whether public comment on specific agenda items
should be limited.
City Attorney Saenz advised that at a previous meeting the committee had agreed
to provide a 30 minute general public comment period at the beginning of each
meeting with a 3 minute limit per person and hear public comment for each action
item limited to the 3 minutes per speaker, for a total of 15 minutes per item.
Committee Member Cohn stated that the fundamental problem was not how long
a speaker should be allowed to speak; it was how to get the public to come out
and be concerned about the Charter. He said one of their challenges was how to
make them understand that the Charter is more than some technical discussion
and that it was crucial to the whole development of the City.
Committee Member Dailey stated that he would like to get the results from the
questionnaire first and then use the resources available within the community to
solicit input from the public.
Chairman Savage stated that at some point the committee may need the help of a
professional consultant.
Committee Member Harrison stated that it's essential that they have a very
strategic outreach plan. She suggested enlisting the help of the new
communications manager to make sure the story they put out to the public is
consistent.
She stated that she understood the role of the committee members was to study
the information and come up with their best recommendation and then educate the
community as to how they came to that conclusion.
Discussion ensued regarding how/when the committee should present information
to the City Council.
Committee Member Craft made a motion, seconded by Committee Member
Dailey,to take part in public comment and forums. No vote was taken.
Committee Member Harrison suggested that the motion be amended to include a
request for assistance from the Mayor's office, the City Manager's office, and the
communications manager.
2
Committee Member Craft amended his original motion, seconded by Committee
Member Dailey, to take part in public comment and forums and to request
assistance from the Mayor's office, the City Manager's office, and the
communications manager. The motion carried unanimously.
4. Questionnaire/Outline for Public Input
The questions were discussed at length and adopted by consensus of the
committee.
Jim Smith, Highland, recommended that a question be added to the questionnaire
asking the public whether they would like to keep the current election cycle or
change it to even numbered years.
Committee Member Dailey made a motion, seconded by Committee Member
Baxter, to add the following question to the questionnaire: Should all City
elections coincide with presidential and gubernatorial elections. The motion
carried unanimously.
5. Timeline (Continued to the next meeting)
6. Development of Skeleton for Charter Review (Continued to the next meeting)
a. Form of Government Structure
b. City Council Structure and Powers
7. Next Meeting Date and Time
ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned at 7:33 p.m. The next meeting of the Volunteer Citizen-Based
Charter Committee will be held at 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, May 26, 2015, in the EDA Board
Room, 201 N. "E" Street, San Bernardino, California.
By
Linda Sutherland
Deputy City Clerk
3
Item 2b
Approach to Charter Review
Revision#ic
APPROACH TO CHARTER REVIEW- Revision#lc
5/26/15
I. PROCESS
A. Develop a specific timeline for working through the process and planned meeting schedules.
B. Actively solicit input on each decision in the process from the public, Council,relevant City personnel,
&professional advisors.
C. Work from Charter Topics,not from S.B.'s Charter. Keep General Law as a possibility.
D. Determine topics to be used; first for Skeleton and then for language.
E. For each topic review and consider the following:
1. Input received from the public
2. National Civic League's Guide &Model Charter
3. Charters of other similar Cities
4. San Bernardino's Charter Reform Principles &Objectives (5/19/14)
5. Other issues relevant to the topic.
6. San Bernardino's Strategic Plan
7. San Bernardino's Current Charter
8. Charter vs Code Filter
a. Require by Charter or Charter to Authorize Code to implement
b. Great City-Aspirational -vs Functional City
9. Manner General Law would treat, or allow treatment of, the topic
a. Comparison with reference to issues related to this topic
b. Great City-Aspirational vs Functional City
10. Thoughts of each Committee Member
F. Develop the desired"governmental skeleton" of basic topics first, leaving specifics, other topics and
drafting to take place later, considering first what basic approach to governing is desired(Form of
Government)
1. Council-Mayor
2. Council-Manager
3. Mixed/Other
G. Flesh out specifics and language as to each basic and other Charter topic.
II-a BASIC SKELETON TOPICS
A. Form of Government Structure
1. Council-Mayor
2. Council-Manager
3. Mixed/Other
B. Council
1. Powers
2. Number(reduce? Add 1 at large?); Districts (Wards); Election (by Districts, from Districts, at
large, mixed, cumulative voting, dual district&final at large elections)
3. Other
C. City Officers
1. Mayor
a. Powers-Duties-Responsibilities
b. Manner of Selection(Election at large or by council or rotating from council members, etc.)
C. Other
2. Manager
a. Powers-Duties-Responsibilities
b. Relationship with Mayor, Council, Department Heads
C. Other
3. Other Offices (their manner of selection,powers, relationship with Manager, Council, Mayor, etc.)
a. Attorney
b. Treasurer
C. Clerk
4. Election Process
5. Fiscal Management
6. Departments - (consider being specific vs leaving open to ordinance by Council)
a. Police&Chief
b. Paramedic/Fire &Chief
C. Finance
d. Water
e. Library
f. Planning
g. Human Resources-Civil Service
h. Other
i
II-b ADDITIONAL TOPICS - (For discussion and drafting)
7. Preamble
8, Powers of the City
9. Severability, Transition and Municipal Code Issues Resulting from Charter Revisions
10. General Provisions -
a. Charter Amendment
b. Franchises?
C. Initiative, Referendum and Recall?
d. Code of Ethics
Item 2d
Timeline
3
Charter Committee Timeline #I a
May 26, 2015
Dates Tasks Deadlines Comments
5/12 Develop Input Questionnaire By this meeting Approve it
5/26 Receive Input from Questionnaire By this meeting
Develop Timeline for Committee Draft by this meeting Approve it
Request Council approval for professional input
Deal with Charter Topics Skeleton, not details
6/9 Receive professional input on approach, etc. By this meeting
Deal with Charter Topics Skeleton, not details
6/23 Deal with Charter Topics Skeleton, not details
7/14 Deal with Charter Topics Skeleton, not details
7/28 Complete approval of Charter Skeleton By this meeting
Submit to professional Consultant for
review and input
8/11 Consider Consultant's input &revise Approve skeleton
to such extent as deemed appropriate
8/25 Hold Public Forum on Skeleton
9/8 Develop specifics as to each Topic
9/22 Develop specifics as to each Topic
10/13 Develop specifics as to each Topic
10/27 Develop specifics as to each Topic
I1/10
11/24
12/8
12/22
1/12
1/26
2/9
2/23
3/8 Complete Specifics as to each Topic By this meeting
Submit to professional Consultant for
review and input
3/22 Hold Public Input Forum
4/12 Review and Revise Charter change proposal
4/26
5110 Make final review and approve proposal for By this meeting
presenting to Council
5/16 Present Recommendations to Council for their consideration and approval for putting to vote of
citizens.
Item 2f
C eo"�
Excerpts from SB's Plan of Adjustment Relevant to Charter Change
A. From City manager's &Attorney's Recovery Plan Recommendation Memo:
1. The Recovery Plan's terms make clear that the City needs to streamline governance and
operations and move into the mainstream of modern organization and service delivery for a city of our
size.
2. This report also describes the past practices and history of the City prior to the adoption of
the Operating Practices for Good Government (OPGG), an interim operating agreement signed by the
Mayor, City Council, City Attorney and City Manager on April 6, 2015. The adoption of the OPGG is a
significant step forward for the City. This was done based upon the recommendation of the Strategic
Planning Core Team (Core Team), a group of distinguished community residents, asked by the Mayor
and Common Council to help the City chart a plan for the future. The Core Team, along with municipal
government experts hired by the City to assist in preparation of this plan,believe that until fundamental
government and management issues fully explained in this report are resolved, it will be difficult for the
City to operate in a modern and efficient manner.
The City will prepare a draft of a new Charter for consideration by the voters and this draft will
be presented to the voters on the first available date on which such vote can be held.
This report and the Plan notes in several places that the Core Team has identified a need for
changes which lead to Charter reform, recommended Charter reform, and indicated that individual Core
Team members intend to support a Charter reform initiative.
3. The Core Team and other constituencies, including outside experts,have concluded that
decades of questionable management and inefficiency are very much the result of a convoluted City
Charter that complicates daily management and generally neutralizes executive authority. The City's
governance structure is highly complex and unique compared with any other city in California.
Overlapping authority and ambiguities in the City's Charter create operational uncertainty and
ineffectiveness because the role, responsibility and authority of the Common Council, City
Manager, City Attorney and Mayor are unclear and at times, contradict each other. No other city in
California has followed this peculiar governmental approach. The Charter itself has grown and
progressively become more unwieldy as a result of City initiated amendments in 1992, 1995
(twice), 1996, 2001, 2004 and 2014. With a system of diluted authority, many previous City
employees with named responsibility have sought employment elsewhere, creating an untenable
24% annual turnover rate in executive management positions over the last ten years. The outcome was
best summarized in a recent Atlantic article, by the well-known writer and journalist James Fallows:
"San Bernardino has a uniquely dysfunctional city-governance system, sort of a metropolitan
parallel to the current zero-sum gridlock of national politics. Some cities we've seen run on
I the "strong mayor"principle; others, "strong city manager." Because of San Bernardino's
unique and flawed charter, it has in theory a "strong mayor" but in reality a "strong nobody"
system of government, and an electoral system so discouraging that turnout rates are
extremely low even by U.S. and California standards."
4. The Core Team, along with outside municipal government experts hired by the City to
prepare this plan, have expressed strongly and clearly that San Bernardino must address the reform
of its system of governance and management. San Bernardino is an outlier in comparison to other
cities of its population size in the State as it does not employ a true Council/Manager form of
government. It also has an elected City Attorney, a peculiarity shared by only eleven other cities in
California(mainly very large cities), and an unusual and unwieldy Charter. All of this has led the
Core Team to recommend that the existing Charter be repealed and replaced with a Charter that
clearly spells out responsibilities for policy(Mayor and Common Council) and administration and
management(city manager) so the government can operate effectively and efficiently. The current
Charter so impairs the operation of the City that it has been forced to seek an interim operating
agreement(see Attachment 1) even to be able to develop and implement this Plan. This fact was
dramatically illustrated by a strategic planning committee which unanimously told the Mayor,
majority of the Common Council, City Attorney and City Manager, that operations and
management needs fundamental reform. The City intends to establish a Charter committee to draft a
new Charter and place that new City Charter on the November 2016 ballot for consideration by the
voters, or sooner if possible.
5. The Core Team concluded that a significant barrier that could prevent San Bernardino
from becoming a modern and sustainable organization involves its governance structure. The Core
Team has expressed that the City needs a form and system of governance proven to support
satisfactory performance by other municipal corporations of comparable size and complexity. The
Core Team believes that the application of this principle requires that the existing City Charter be
repealed and replaced with a much simpler charter approach embodying a standard council-manager
form of government. As noted, the Mayor, the Common Council (all who voted yes or no on the
issue), the City Manager and the City Attorney have agreed to and signed an interim resolution
outlining the way they intend to work together going forward until a new charter can be considered
by voters.
6. The Core Team has expressed the concern that until the City Charter is replaced with a
better approach based on best industry standards, and empowered,professional city management is
established, full implementation of the long-term recovery described in the Recovery Plan will be
challenging.
While the City Charter provides for the position of city manager, the City organization
actually operates under a type of quasi strong mayor-city manager(not council-manager),which is
an unusual hybrid not found in other cities in California. Combined with these peculiarities is the
presence of an elected(as opposed to appointed) city attorney. This is highly unusual, and the
resultant confusion about roles and responsibilities makes day-to-day management much more
complex. Typically in California, only the very largest cities (Los Angeles, San Francisco, San
Diego, Oakland, and Long Beach) have an elected city attorney, and just 11 of 482 cities in
California use this structure.
Other cities operate under a strong mayor(not to be confused with directly elected mayor) or
council-manager form of government. In San Bernardino, some municipal functions report to the
Mayor and/or Common Council, others to advisory bodies (Component Boards), while still others
report to the city manager. In some cities with a directly elected mayor with specified authority as
well as a city manager(such as the City of San Jose), there are clear delineations about who has the
force and authority of the chief administrative officer of the city; e.g., the city manager in San Jose.
l
In San Bernardino, the mayor is designated as the chief executive officer and the city manager is
designated as the chief administrative officer of the City. The police and fire chiefs are under the
general supervision of the Mayor, yet the city manager is the immediate supervisor and accountable
for the organization and operation of two of the most costly and important municipal functions.
The Core Team, along with outside local government experts, has expressed a concern that these
concepts are at odds with the basic precepts of management and public administration and that
effective management requires assignment of responsibility and the delegation of sufficient
authority to allow management to obtain results consistent with the assigned responsibility. The
ambiguity so effectively created by San Bernardino's Charter, in the view of the Core Team and
outside experts, dilutes the ability to manage the organization. The Core Team along with other
experts believe that this has had a highly corrosive effect on the organization's ability to implement
needed changes over the years. The organization is in disarray as it does not know who really is in
charge: the Mayor, City Attorney, Common Council, independent authorities (not elected) or the
City Manager. The results are self-evident.
A number of operational impacts result from the confused lines of authority as provided in the
current San Bernardino City Charter, including the following:
• Internal service functions struggle to modernize, streamline and provide valued, costeffective
service to the community and the organization.
• Significant and unnecessary allocation of staff time and severely constrained resources are
trying to bring various municipal functions into a unified, goal-oriented team with a
common vision and strong commitment to public service.
• Compromised problem solving and strategic planning due to fragmented and conflicting
lines of authority. This has been highlighted in the decades-long power struggle between the
elected mayor and city attorney positions.
• An inability to make informed management or policy decisions
A Singular City Charter
The San Bernardino City Charter was first created in 1905. Today, it is a 46 page document with
133 sections. Beginning in about 1988, city attorney opinions began to be issued regarding certain
sections. There are now over 80 of these referenced,with 28 separate opinions on the Office of
Mayor alone.
In the early 2000s, City leaders ostensibly recognized the need to begin to create a professional city
management structure. In November 2004, the voters of San Bernardino approved a ballot measure
(Measure G)that repealed the City Charter in effect at the time and replaced it with a new one.
According to the Impartial Analysis by the city attorney, the major differences between the old
Charter and the new "revolve around the creation of the position of city manager, and to make it
easier to file initiatives and recall City-wide elected officials."The new Charter became effective
in March 2006. Some provisions related to overall management of the City in the new Charter
included:
• Designating the Mayor as the chief executive officer of the City of San Bernardino.
• Creating a"position of city manager and the eligibility, requirements to be appointed to that
position."
• Designating the city manager as the chief administrative officer of the City to be responsible
for the administration of all City departments, except the offices of the Mayor, City
Attorney, City Clerk, City Treasurer, the Water Department, the Free Public Library and the
Civil Service System.
• Setting forth the authority and duties of the city manager relative to supervision,
appointment and removal of certain full-time, temporary and part-time City employees.
• Designating the Mayor as the person who appoints and removes the city manager, acting
city manager,police chief and fire chief, subject to Council approval.
• Maintaining the Mayor's present general supervision of the police chief and fire chief.
The Core Team and the City expert consultant team believe that the Charter revision effectively
made a bad situation untenable. As a result, the City has had five city managers since 2004. Clearly,
trying to "manage" San Bernardino is extremely difficult. As it exists today, Figure 5 shows the
confused reporting and authority relationships of the City of San Bernardino municipal
organization.
7. While amendments to the Charter created the position of city manager, an important step toward
a council-manager form of government, the new Charter continued provisions that impede the city
manager from exercising full responsibility and authority for effectively and efficiently delivering
services throughout the entire city organization. Specifically, the City Charter as amended:
• Did not formally establish a council-manager form of government for the City of San
Bernardino. Unlike many city charters, no form of government was specifically stated.
• Designated the Mayor as the chief executive officer of the City(strong Mayor),with
responsibility for general supervision of the police chief and fire chief. While the city
manager was designated to have day-to-day supervision of these functions, the new Charter
did not achieve the objective of having a city manager position with full responsibility for
managing the City.
• Maintained three separate departments under the administrative and operational direction of
three advisory bodies (Component Boards) appointed by the Mayor and Common Council,
not the city manager. The Mayor,however, lacks the authority to remove members from each of
these boards. As a result, the water utility, library and civil service functions are not
accountable to the municipal operation.
• Retained the authority of the Mayor and Common Council to appoint and remove
department heads, division heads, and all unclassified City employees. Only classified
employees within city manager-directed departments may be removed upon the
recommendation of the city manager, without the additional required consent of the Mayor
and Common Council. Due to contradictions within the Charter, it is unclear whether the
city manager can remove department or division (classified employees)heads without the
expressed consent of the Mayor and Common Council.
There are 482 incorporated cities in California. Among these, 121 have their own charters. Most of
the cities with a charter(like San Bernardino)were incorporated during the first half of the 20th
century, or earlier. About 75% of California cities operate under the general laws of the State of
California rather than their own charter.
The council-manager form of government is the predominant form of local municipal government
in California, although some cities operate under a strong mayor system. Charter cities typically
designate the form of government within their charter, which is more often than not the
councilmanager
form of government. The San Bernardino City Charter does not. Of 28 cities in California
with populations between 150,000 and 400,000, 27 use the council-manager form of government.
In most municipalities in California, and under the council-manager form of government, the
council, elected by the public, is the governing body of the city. The city manager is hired by the
council to carry out the policies it establishes. The council generally provides legislative and policy
direction while the city manager is responsible for administration of day-to-day operations based on
council policy. However, in San Bernardino, the Common Council and Mayor have an extensive
list of executive powers. Most critically, the Charter sets forth crippling ambiguities with respect to
the authority of the city manager, the Mayor and the Common Council regarding the management
of a $211 million municipal corporation.
A group of community residents and leaders invited to a strategic planning summit on March 18 and
19, 2015 felt so strongly about this matter that they devoted at least a quarter of their total time to
understanding the issue and developing ways to address it.
Experts hired by the City, including the national consulting firm of Management Partners, who have
been engaged repeatedly by the City, and the Core Team concluded that the high rate of turnover is
a direct result of poorly functioning and confusing management authorities, structures and reporting
relationships embodied in the City Charter. No city can be effectively managed with this amount of
management and leadership turnover. In fact, it is unheard of in such a broad scale in other
municipalities. Further, this period includes only two years of bankruptcy, which is obviously a
highly stressful environment to manage a municipal organization. However, in 2009, the City
experienced over 50% turnover of executive leadership.
As noted by the Core Team and the City's expert consultants, there are many reasons—including an
ineffective City Charter, management instability,poor financial policies, and the lack of strategic
planning—that explain why policy makers and City managers are struggling to make resource
allocation choices in support of basic municipal services.
8. Public Safety Compensation - City Charter Section 186
The basic standard for fixing salaries, classifications and working conditions of the safety
employees in the City's Police and Fire Departments is provided under City Charter Section 186.
In essence, Section 186 eliminates the collective bargaining process regarding the setting of public
safety salaries and inhibits City management's ability to address the full range of factors that impact
public safety salaries. Past attempts to reduce salaries have resulted in litigation with adverse
results to the City.
Section 186 requires the comparison of base salaries for each of seven public safety classifications
in ten California cities (which have been reduced from 50 cities)with populations between 100,000
and 250,000. (Comparison cities are not based on the region which is a typical public sector
practice.) Salary ranges for each of the seven classification levels are then established, and salary
adjustments are effective annually on August 1.
Section 186 has been the subject of numerous legal opinions generated by the City Attorney's
Office which have affected, in part, its implementation. The result of the implementation opinions
has created established practices that have impeded the City's ability to control how Section 186
surveys are conducted. As a consequence, the City's ability to exercise any fiscal control over
safety salaries has been curtailed and the salary increases as well as the increases to salary-driven
benefits such as pension benefits have been significant.
9. Charter Impact
In March 2007, Management Partners, a local government consulting firm, reported the results of
an organization review of the City of San Bernardino and in March 2010 provided a status update to
the 2007 organization review. The 2007 report concluded that the current state of operations within
the government was not the result of wastefulness but,
...rather the natural result of the historical development of a government that has
outmoded information systems, inadequate management support and a multitude
of convoluted low value processes. Compounded by a serious (and now urgent)
fiscal situation, the primary recommendation of the report was that the government must
modernize... and the political and management superstructure needs to be streamlined.
The Core Team, along with Management Partners, which was retained to assist the City in
preparing this plan after Judge Jury imposed the May 30 deadline, determined that virtually nothing
has been done to address these issues since the report was issued. The Core Team identified the
City's organization and policy structure as one of the foremost obstacle to developing the
organization into a unified,well-functional operating team. After review, the Core Team concluded
that to accomplish this critical objective will require major changes to the City Charter. This is a
difficult process but the Core Team believes it is absolutely necessary for recovery. The Core Team
also believes that the consequence of making little or no change in the governance structure will
sidestep one of the most important issues to be addressed to allow the City to become a
costeffective,progressive and sustainable government delivering valued services to the community.
As previously noted, the Mayor, a strong majority of the Common Council, the City Manager and
City Attorney have agreed to and signed an interim resolution outlining the way they intend to work
together going forward until a new charger can be approved.
Out of five cities with comparable populations in the state who also operate under a city charter,
only San Bernardino does not operate under a council-manager form of government or close
equivalent. In fact, it is difficult to define the type of government contemplated in the Charter, as it
presents a mish-mash of overlapping and conflicting provisions. Management Partners, the Core
Team, and other experts hired by the City are all cognizant that no other city follows this particular
approach and the condition and performance of the municipality strongly suggested to them that it
is not an effective approach.
The council-manager form of government is the predominant form of government in California,
although some cities operate under a strong mayor system. A 2004 City Charter change created the
position of city manager; however, it did nothing to create a council-manager form of government
or any other recognizable structure. The charter change created the position of city manager,but
designated the Mayor as the chief executive officer providing, among other things, general
supervision of the police and fire chiefs. The city manager as the chief administrative officer is
responsible for all City departments, except the Mayor, City Attorney, City Clerk, City Treasurer,
the Water Department, the Free Public Library and Civil Service. The Mayor and Common
Council can appoint and remove all unclassified City employees except for"deputies, assistants...
holding office at the pleasure of an elective officer." Incredibly,the Common Council can also
override, amend or revise any decision made informally or formally by the Mayor with a 2/3 vote.
Neither the community or the City organization or business understands who is really in charge and
can reliably make decisions. This structure is not even remotely comparable to any other found in a
California city.
For a true chief executive officer(city manager) of San Bernardino to be able to manage and lead
the operations of the City government, mandate and implement efficient and effective services to
the community, and be held accountable for such operations by the Mayor and Common Council,
s/he needs to have authority to:
• Hire, discipline and terminate all department heads (effectively) and employees (following
collective bargaining agreements, state and federal laws, and a merit-based personnel
system).
• Direct changes for efficiency and improvement in all City departments.
• Recommend to the Mayor and Common Council policy changes and improvements
regarding all City operations and implement them with consistency and professionalism
across all municipal functions.
By having a position called city manager(which has been the job title used since the 1930s to
define the chief administrative officer for professionally managed cities), the residents of San
Bernardino should expect professional management.
As stated by International City/County Management Association (ICMA), under the
council/manager system, a professional city manager is hired by the governing body to provide the
following:
•Administration ofpersonnel:Provide direction and leadership to department heads and
those that provide direct services to the community.
• Management of public funds:Ensure the cost-effectiveness of programs, balance budgets,
and secure the financial health of the city.
• Implementation of programs and policies: Work with elected officials and community
leaders to achieve common goals and objectives for the community.
• Coordination of service delivery:Anticipate future needs, organize work operations, and
establish timetables to meet community needs.
Under the council-manager form of government, the council is the governing body of the city,
elected by the public, and the city manager is hired by the council to carry out the policies it
establishes. The council generally provides legislative and policy direction while the city manager
is responsible for administration and day-to-day operations based on council policy. The mayor
and council set city policy, community goals and objectives, make land use decisions, and authorize
a municipal budget. The city manager is responsible for managing the affairs of the city,
recommending a budget, directing day-to-day operations, hiring and firing personnel, and serving
as the council's chief advisor. The city manager serves at the pleasure of the council.
Under the council-manager form of government, the council is the governing body of the city,
elected by the public, and the city manager is hired by the council to carry out the policies it
establishes. The council generally provides legislative and policy direction while the city manager
is responsible for administration and day-to-day operations based on council policy. The mayor
and council set city policy, community goals and objectives, make land use decisions, and authorize
a municipal budget. The city manager is responsible for managing the affairs of the city,
recommending a budget, directing day-to-day operations, hiring and firing personnel, and serving
as the council's chief advisor. The city manager serves at the pleasure of the council.
Given the policy of non-intervention in distressed cities or counties by the State of California, the
experts hired by the City and the Core Team have strongly recommended that San Bernardino must
now move forward to bring its system of governance within generally accepted principles and
modern municipal management practices by putting forth a major charter change for consideration
by the voters. In the meantime, the City adopted an interim operating agreement, OPGG, to
outline how it plans to operate. The City intends to place a new City Charter before the voters and is
forming a committee charged with drafting one and placing it on the November 2016 ballot, or
earlier if possible. The Core Team and other constituents have indicated that placing Charter
reform before the voters should be one of the highest priorities for the City.
10. As a result of discussion around this issue, these community leaders identified that poor
governance and inadequate management was a core problem for the City, stemming, in their view,
from the highly unusual and cumbersome system set up by the City Charter. Knowing that a true fix
to this problem would be time consuming, the unanimous recommendation of the Core Team was to
ask the Mayor and Common Council to agree to a document entitled Operating Practices for Good
Government(OPGG) that would require them to adhere to a list of good-governance behaviors
commonly found in high functioning cities. Recognizing that adoption of the document by the
Common Council on April 6, 2015 was an interim solution that may not be adopted by subsequent
Mayors and Common Councils, the Core Team also recommended that City pursue outright
replacement of the current City Charter.
11. Efficiency Improvements
The City has struggled for at least the last two decades with governance issues and management
systems codified in the City Charter. As has already been observed,this has led to a generally low
level of City services and a pronounced lack of satisfaction from residents as validated in the
Strategic Planning process.
Item 3
PMS ANALYSIS OF SKELETON FORM OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE#2b
Descriptions of Alternate Forms of Government:
A. Mayor-Council: Mayor is elected at large, is CEO, makes most appointments (usually subject to
Council confirmation), holds veto or voting rights with Council, and may appoint a City
Administrator. Council established legislation and policy. Council persons are elected and some
other City Officers may be as well.
B. Council-Manager: Councilpersons are elected at large or by district. City Manager is CEO,with
Mayor having no administrative powers. Mayor may be selected from Councilpersons or may
be separately elected. Other City Officers may be all appointed or some elected. Mayor may
have some commission and committee appointment powers.
C. Mixed: Various mixtures of above two forms.
1. Input Received from Questionnaire-From 11 responses received, 8 of whom are registered to
vote in SB, 6 said SB should be a General Law City, 5 said Charter City, 1 said revise present
charter, 7 said replace present charter, and 9 were in favor of a Council-Manager form of govt.
2. National Civic League Model City Charter & Guide
Council-Manager Recommended in Guide and that responsibilities and duties of Mayor should
be included in Charter. Discusses other forms as well. Model Charter Article III contemplates
Council-Manager form of govt. Provides alternatives for Mayor to be elected at large or from Council.
Recommends spelling out Mayor's responsibilities and powers.
3. Other Similar California Cities (SB is about 214,000)
4 other cities of populations between 200,000 & 299,999 have charters.
a. Irvine uses Council-Manager form [Specific per its Article III] - Mayor&4
councilpersons all elected at large. No statement as to responsibilities &powers of
Mayor except presiding over meetings.)
b. Chula Vista uses Council-Manager [not specific] (see it's sec. 300 Mayor and 4
councilpersons elected at large, sec. 304 specific powers of Mayor to be City leader&
Article IV as to powers of Manager
C. Modesto uses Council-Manager [Specific per its Article IV] -Mayor elected at large and
6 councilpersons elected by district; all have 1 full vote; responsibilities &powers of
Mayor&Manager set forth;
d. Stockton uses mostly a Council-Manager [not specific]. -Mayor elected at large with full
vote as a councilperson; 6 councilpersons nominated from &reside in Districts,but
elected at large; sets forth powers of Mayor; City Manager is Chief Administrative
Officer.
5 cities of populations between 300,000 and 399,999 have charters.
d. Riverside uses Council-Manager form [Specific per its Article III) -Mayor elected at
large, 7 councilpersons elected by and from districts; Mayor has tie vote only as to
Council; sets forth some powers of Mayor; City Manager is CEO &holds all
administrative responsibilities.
e. Anaheim uses Council-Manager form [not specific] - Mayor and 4 councilpersons
elected at large - Mayor has full right of vote as a councilperson (sec. 500); sets forth
some powers of Mayor(504); Council is the legislative body(505); City Manager is CAO
(600 & 604
f. Bakersfield uses Council-Manager form [not specific] - Mayor elected at large & 7
councilpersons by and from districts (sec. 14); Mayor is legislative and ceremonial head of
City, not administrative 20(b); & City Manager responsible for administration of city(36)
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g. Santa Ana uses Council-Manager form [Specific per its sec. 300]; 6 Councilpersons
elected from districts (400); Mayor elected at large with equal vote& is head of govt. but
with no administrative duties (404); City Manager is CAO (501).
9 of the 16 cities of populations between 150,000 & 199,999 have charters
h. Glendale-Council-Manager[not specific] Mayor from Council &given specific powers
i. Hayward-Council-Manager[Specific per its Article III]Mayor from Council&some specific powers
i. Lancaster-Council-Manager[Specific per its sec.200] Mayor elected but minimal specific powers
k. Oceanside-Council-Manager[Specific per its Article 2] Otherwise like a General Law City
1. Palmdale-Council-Manager[Specific per its sec.2001 Otherwise like a General Law City
M. Pomona -Council-Manager[not specific]Mayor elected&given some specific powers
n. Salinas-Mixed Mayor elected,powers of City Manager&Mayor left to Council
o. Santa Rosa-Mixed Mayor selected from Council &is"executive head",Manager is admin. head
p. Torrance-City Manager form[per its section 900] Mayor elected,few specific powers
4. San Bernardino's Charter Reform Principles & objectives (5/15/14)
Principle 3 says: "The charter should be designed to enable the city to operate in an efficient
businesslike manner." The Charter-Manager for Mayor-Council form of government can do this. Mixed?
5. San Bernardino's Strategic Plan
a. Guiding Principle#6 says: "The City must have a form and system of governance that is
proven to support satisfactory performance by other municipal corporations of comparable
size and complexity".
b. SB's Operating Practices for Good Government Agreement moves toward the
Council-Manager form.
6. San Bernardino's Current Charter
a. Uses mixed Council-Mayor-Manager form. See the following sections (&others):
(1) Sections 13 & 14 provide that the Mayor, City Attorney, City Clerk, City Treasurer&
Council are elected to office.
(2) Section 30 provides that the Council is vested with the legislative power of the City,
except that the Mayor may vote in case of a tie.
(3) Section 40 gives specific powers to the Council and Mayor and specifically requires
the Mayor's involvement in the appointment and/or removal and general supervision of the City
Manager, Acting City Manager, Chief of Police, and Chief of the Fire Department. Section 50 provides
that the Mayor is the Chief Executive officer and gives him/her other powers.
(4) Section 55 makes the City Attorney the City's chief legal officer.
(5) Section 100 says that the City Manager is the City's chief administrative officer
responsible for administration of all departments except Mayor, City Attorney, City Clerk, Citty
Treasurer, Water Department, Library&Civil Service System.
(6) Section 102 says the City Manager is to exercise immediate supervision over all
Manager-directed departments of the City(with exceptions).
b. San Bernardino has had either a Strong Mayor or a mixed Mayor-Council-Manager form of
government since its inception. Mayor can still be elected at large and have rights of representation of
the City for regional and other matters when using a Council-Manager form of government. Assuring
that San Bernardino's Mayor would continue to have such status under a Council-Manager form of
government is important.
C. Look at chart of San Bernardino's City Structure (to be provided)
7. Other Related Issues - I have none.
8. Charter vs Code Filters
a. A city's form of government must be set by Charter or it is not a constitution.
b. Commentators seem to agree that a charter established Council-Manager form of
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government provides the best structure from which a city can function well.
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9, General Law
a. Allows for establishment of a"City Manager form of Govt.; does allow for Mayor to be
elected at large or selected from amongst the Council; any specific responsibilities and
duties of the Mayor would have to be set by Code.
b. Over 2/3 of California's Cities are General Law.
10. My Thoughts: I suggest that Council-Manager form be used, with a separately elected Mayor as
the head of the city with broad leadership and representation powers,but no administrative
powers.