HomeMy WebLinkAbout08.0- Public Comment Entered into Reo
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Estimated Use of Water City cier�caCSecr��� ,
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in the United States Bernardino
in 2005
By Joan F. Kenny, Nancy L. Barber, Susan S. Hutson, Kristin S. Linsey,
John K. Lovelace, and Molly A. Maupin
Abstract Public supply accounted for 13 percent of all freshwater
withdrawals in 2005 and 21 percent of all freshwater with-
Estimates of water use in the United States indicate that drawals excluding thermoelectric withdrawals.The percentage
about 410 illion gallons per day(BgaUd)were withdrawn in of the U.S.population obtaining drinking water from public
2005 for all categories summarized in this re ort.This total is suppliers has increased steadily from 62 percent in 1950 to
t.slightly less than t e estima a or 2000,and about 5 percent 86 percent in 2005.Most of the population providing their
less than total withdrawals in the peak year of 1980.Fresh- own household water obtained their supplies from ground-
water withdrawals in 2005 were 349 Bgal/d,or 85 percent water sources.
of the total freshwater and saline-water withdrawals.Fresh Self-supplied industrial water withdrawals continued to
groundwater withdrawals of 79.6 Bgal/day in 2005 were decline in 2005,as they have since their peak in 1970.Self-
about 5 percent less than in 2000,and fresh surface-water supplied industrial withdrawals were an estimated 18.2 BgaUd
withdrawals of 270 Bgal/day were about the same as in 2000. in 2005,a 30-percent decrease from 1985.An estimated
Withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation and irriga- 4.02 Bgal/d were withdrawn for mining in 2005,which is
tion,the two largest uses of water,have stabilized or decreased 11 percent less than in 2000,and 18 percent less than in 1990.
since 1980.Withdrawals for public-supply and domestic uses Withdrawals for mining were only 58 percent freshwater.
have increased steadily since estimates began. Livestock water use was estimated to be 2.14 Bgal/d in
Thermoelectric-power generation water withdrawals were 2005,which is the smallest estimate since 1975,possibly due
an estimated 201 Bga in 2005,about 3 percent more than to the use of standardized coefficients for estimation of animal
in 2000. n 5,t ermoelectric freshwater withdrawals water needs.Water use for aquaculture was an estimated
accounte or rcent o a res water withdrawals Nearly 8.78 Bgal/d in 2005,nearly four times the amount estimated
all of the water withdrawn for thermoelectric power was surface in 1985.Part of this increase is due to the inclusion of more
water used for once-through cooling at power plants.Twenty- facilities in the estimates in 2005,and the use of standardized
nine percent of thermoelectric-power withdrawals were saline coefficients for estimating aquaculture use from other data.
water from oceans and brackish coastal water bodies. Fresh surface water was the source for a majority of
Withdrawals for irrigation in 2005 were 128 BgaUd, the public-supply,irrigation,aquaculture,thermoelectric,
about 8 percent less than in 2000 and approximately equal and industrial withdrawals.Nearly 30 percent of all fresh
to estimates of irrigation water use in 1970.In 2005,irriga- surface-water withdrawals in 2005 occurred in five States.
tion withdrawals accounted for 37 percent of all freshwater In California,Idaho,and Colorado,most of the fresh sur-
withdrawals and 62 percent of all freshwater withdrawals face-water withdrawals were for irrigation.In Texas and
excluding thermoelectric withdrawals.Irrigated acreage Illinois,most of the fresh surface-water withdrawals were
increased from 25 million acres in 1950 to 58 million acres for thermoelectric power generation.
in 1980,then remained fairly constant before increasing in About 67 percent of fresh groundwater withdrawals in
2000 and 2005 to more than 60 million acres.The number 2005 were for irrigation,and 18 percent were for public
of acres irrigated using sprinkler and microirrigation systems supply.More than half of fresh groundwater withdrawals in
has continued to increase and in 2005 accounted for the United States in 2005 occurred in six States.In California,
56 percent of the total irrigated acreage. Texas,Nebraska,Arkansas,and Idaho,most of the fresh
Water withdrawals for public supply were 44.2 Bgal/d groundwater withdrawals were for irrigation.In Florida,
in 2005,which is 2 percent more than in 2000,although the 52 percent of all fresh groundwater withdrawals were for
population increased by more than 5 percent during that time. public supply,and 34 percent were for irrigation.