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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1981-626 , RESOLUTION NO. 81-626 RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO FINDING THAT AN APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOND FINANCING HAS BEEN SUBMITTED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ORDINANCE NO. 3815 OF THE CITY FOR A CERTAIN PROJECT, FINDING THAT SAID APPLICATION COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF SAID ORDINANCE NO. 3815; APPROVING SAID APPLICATION AND THE PROJECT TO WHICH IT REFERS; DIRECTING THE PREPARATION OF A PROJECT AGREEMENT, A RESOLUTION OF ISSUANCE AND SUCH OTHER LEGAL DOCUMENTS AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT SAID PROJECT AND PROVIDE FOR THE ISSUANCE OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REVENUE BONDS THEREFOR; AND MAKING CERTAIN OTHER FINDINGS AND DETERMINATIONS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH. ALL AMERICA CITY PUBLIC GOLF INC. WHEREAS, the City of San Bernardino ("City" herein) is a "home rule city" duly organized and existing under and pursuant to a Charter adopted under the provisions of the Constitution of the State of California; and WHEREAS, pursuant to its home rule powers, the City duly and regularly enacted Ordinance No. 3815 ("Ordinance" herein) to finance various types of projects, as defined in the Ordinance, and to issue its special revenue bonds for the purpose of paying the cost of financing such projects, and has amended the same from time to time; and WHEREAS, said Ordinance No. 3815, as amended, is intended to finance the development of industry and commerce and to thereby broaden the employment opportunities for residents of the City and its tax and revenue base; and WHEREAS, there has been presented to this Mayor and Common Council an Application by All American City Public Golf,Inc, (attached hereto as Exhibit "A"), requesting the issuance of industrial development bonds in the principal amount of, not to exceed, $2.000.000 , on behalf of the Applicant, -1- , a.certa~n Pr9ject to wit: To construct a 14,000 sq. ft. food & beverage facility to be located at 3380 Little Mountain Drive, San Bernardino, California. Development cost to include without limitation the acquisition of land and equipment therefor and off-site parking for motor vehicles and all on & off siteimprovements necessary therefor and appurtenances and appurtenant work (the "Project"). NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED, DETERMINED AND ORDERED BY THE MAYOR AND COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO AS FOllOWS: SECTION 1- in all respects. That the recitals set forth hereinabove are true and correct SECTION 2. The City of San Bernardino, California, is a municipal corporation duly created, established and authorized to transact business and exercise its powers, all under and pursuant to the Constitution and laws of the State of California, and the City Charter of the City, and the powers of the City include the power to issue bonds for any of its corporate purposes. SECTION 3. Pursuant to the Charter of the City and Ordinance No. 3815, as amended, of the City, the City is legally authorized to issue special revenue bonds for the permanent financing as described in the recitals hereof. SECTION 4. legally authorized the City. This body constitutes the governing to provide for the issuance of such body of the City and is special revenue bonds by SECTION 5. The Project referred to in the recitals hereof constitutes a project which may be financed by the issuance of such special revenue bonds by the City and located within the jurisdiction of the City. SECTION 6. The Application referred to in the recitals hereof complies with the provisions and requirements of said Ordinance No. 3815, as amended, and the Project involved in such application is hereby approved and the provisions of Subsection (d) of Section 10 and Subsection (a) of Section 11 of said Ordinance No. 3815 shall not apply. -2- SECTION 7. The City hereby declares its intention to exercise the authority referred to in Section 3 hereof by issuing bonds of the City in such amounts as will be adequate to implement the City financing of the Project. SECTION 8. The bonds shall be payable from the revenues described in said Ordinance 3815, as amended. SECTION g. The bonds shall be and are special obligations of the City, and, subject to the right of the City to apply monies as provided in the applicable laws, are secured by such revenues as are specified in the proceedings for the issuance of such bonds and funds and accounts to be held by the trustee or fiscal agent, and are payable as to principal, redemption price, if any, and interest from the revenues of the City as therein described. The bonds are not a debt of the City, the State of California, or any of its political sub- divisions, and neither the City, the State, nor any of its political subdivisions is liable thereon, nor, in any event, shall the bonds be payable out of any funds or properties other than all or any part of the revenues, mortgage loans, and funds and accounts as in this Resolution set forth. The bonds do not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any constitutional or statutory debt limitation or restriction. Neither the persons serving as the Mayor and Common Council nor any persons executing the bonds shall be liable personally on the bonds or subject to any personal liability or accountability by reason of the issuance thereof. SECTION 10. The details of such bonds, including the establishing of the aggregate face amount of such obligations, shall be authorized by indenture, resolution or resolutions of the City at a meeting or meetings to be held for such purpose. The City Staff, Bond Counsel, Underwriters, the Applicants and the Agents and Representatives of same are hereby authorized and directed to prepare or cause to be prepared the necessary legal documents, including the Project Agreements, Resolutions of Issuance, and such other documents IS may be necessary to effect said Project and the issuance of Industrial Development Revenue Bonds therefor, and to present same to said Mayor and Common Council. The Mayor of the -~ '. City is hereby authorized and directed to coordinate the efforts of all concerned relating to the issuance and sale of the bonds, and the City staff, consultants, legal counsel to the City and Bond Counsel are hereby directed to take such steps as shall be appropriate to implement such sale and delivery of the bonds, including working with persons who may acquire vested rights as the result of such actions. SECTION 11. This Resolution constitutes a proper exercise of the powers of this Mayor and Common Council and conforms to State and local legal require- ments relating to the issuance of such special revenue bonds and other bonds or debt obligations by a charter city in this State. SECTION 12. It is intended that this Resolution shall constitute such "official action" toward the issuance of the bonds within the meaning of the United States Treasury Regulations, the United States Tax Laws, and any legisla- tion now or hereafter pending in the Congress of the United States which may require official action in order for the bonds to be exempt from Federal income taxation. SECTION 13. At the closing of the financing, there shall be paid to the City the fee set forth in Resolution No. BI-108, as amended by Resolution No. 81-410, of the Mayor and Common Council, adopted September 24,1981. -4- . . I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Resolution was duly adopted by the Mayor and Common Council of the City of San Bernardino It I reaular Meeting thereof, held on the 21st day of December ,19Bl, by the following vote, to wit: AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: Castaneda, Reilly, Hernandez, Botts, Hobbs, Strickler NAYS: ABSENT: None None ~R$~d m CLERK The foregoing Resolution is hereby approved thi!i.7 "3 day of .- December , 1981. APPROVED AS TO FORM: ~ff~ CITY ATTORNEY -5- APPLICATION FOR REVENUE BOND FINANCING PART I GENERAL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION 1.1 Legal Name of Applicant. All America City Public Golf, Inc. 1.2 Line of Business. Development of commercial and recreational facilities for occupancy by various entities. 1. 3 and e Mounta1n Drive, 1.4 Employer I.D.H 95-3318609 1.5 Name and Title of Principal Contact. Warner W. Hodgdon, President 1.6 Phone Number. Area Code 714/886-0669 1.7 Type of Business Organization. 1. 7.1 1. 7.2 1. 7.3 Place of Organization. San Bernardino, California Date of Organization. March 6, 1978 Nature of Le al Affiliation or relationshi wit ot er ent1t1es. None 1.8 Constitution ercentage 0 to Follow Warner W. Hodgdon, , San Bernardino, Names and Locations of Key Officials. President - 3380 Little Mountain Drive California 92407 1.10 Affiliations and Princi le p e toc 110 ers. 1.9 1.11 Employees 1.11.1 1.11.2 Number of Employees in California. Fifteen (15) Locations in California: 3380 Little Mountain Drive San Bernardino, California 92407 l( Fi-~ A 'I Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 2 PART I (Cont.) GENERAL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION (Cont.) 1.12 Expert Services 1.13 1.14 1. 12.1 1. 12.2 1. 12. 3 1. 12.4 1.12.5 1.12.6 Princi~al Accountant: Lester Witte & Company, CPA, 2 0 North "D" Street, San Bernardino, California 92401 Principal Attorney: Allen Gresham, Gresham, Varner, Savage, Nolan & Tilden, Attorneys, 398 West 4th Street, San Bernardino, California 92401 Principal Architect: Frick, AlA, 3616 Main California 92501 Jerry Cole, Cole & Street, Riverside, Principal Engineer: Information to Follow Principal Soils Engineer: Dave Turner, Pioneer Consultants, 251 Tennessee Street, Redlands, California 92373 Princital Contractor: Jack Hawkins, J. D. Diffen augh, 2375 Chicago Street, Riverside, California 92507 Principal Bank Account. Wells Fargo Bank, Main Branch, 334 West 3rd Street, San Bernardino, California 92401 Proj ect Funding Sources 1.14.1 1.14.2 Equity Capital to be contributed by All America City Public Golf, Inc. Debt Funding - To be funded through proceeds of Bond sale Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 3 PART II BOND ISSUE PROJECT COST LEGAL, PRINTING AND RELATED FEES FINANCING COSTS & FEES CAPITALIZED INTEREST OTHER COSTS (ENGINEERING, ADMINISTRATIVE, ARCHITECT, $2,000,000.00 $1,500,000.00 2.1 The Estimated Total Amount of Financing. 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1. 3 2.1.4 2.1.5 15,000.00 60,000.00 135,000.00 TOTAL MISC) 15,000.00 $2,000,000.00 2.2 Estimated Target Date of Financing. June I, 1982 2.3 Estimated Times of Financing. Permanent financing to be recorded June I, 1982 2.4 Type of Sale. Private Placement PART III FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3.1 Financial Statement. Information to Follow 3.2 No small business loan or federal guarantee is to be involved in this development. PART IV PROJECT INFORMATION 4.1 The project, consisting of approximately 14,000 sq.ft., is being undertaken to provide a food and beverage facility as services for the golfer and to accommodate banquets for groups utilizing the Shandin Hills Golf Club as well as providing food and beverage services for the general public. The project will provide much needed banquet and meeting facilities, to accommodate approxi- mately 500 guests, for the overall community. Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 4 PART IV (Cont.) PROJECT INFORMATION (Cont.) 4.2 A description of the components and estimated total cost of the project is as follows: 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 LAND AND BUILDINGS EQUIPMENT $1,425,000.00 350,000.00 ENGINEERING,ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER TECHNICAL SERVICES 15,000.00 LEGAL, PRINTING AND RELATED FEES 15,000.00 FINANCING COSTS AND FEES 60,000.00 CAPITALIZED INTEREST 135,000.00 TOTAL $2,000,000.00 4.3 Estimated Construction Site work and construction of improvements are expected to start approximately June I, 1982 and will require approximately six (6) months to complete. Therefore, it is estimated that the facility will be open to the public on January I, 1983. 4.4 Supervising Engineer. Information to Follow 4.5 4.6 The project site is immediately contiguous to the existing Shandin Hills Golf Club Pro-Shop consisting of approximately 10,000 sq. ft. and, as previously mentioned, will be an expansion of the existing Pro-Shop. 4.7 The legal owner of the site is the Redevelopment Agency of the City of San Bernardino. The site is currently in the possession of All America City Public Golf, Inc. under a fifty-five (55) year lease which went into effect on August I, 1981. Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 5 PART-IV (Cont.) PROJECT INFORMATION 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 PART V Operations to be conducted within the development in- clude, but are not limited to, preparation and serving of food, dispensing and serving of alcoholic beverages, providing space for, and accommodating group meetings and banquets. The project location is within the previously approved State College Project #4 Redevelopment Project Area and is, therefore, exempt from the requirements of an Environmental Impact Study. The only known environ- mental quality regulation to be met regarding the project are the requirements of the City of San Bernardino Environmental Review Committee. No water quality enforcement order, air pollution permits or variances are known to be needed for construction of this project. No known pollution control agency (local, state or federal) have applicable regulations or requirements for the operations described. No known regional county or basin plan is established with which the proposed project must conform. By-products or residues of the proposed operations shall be disposed of at available public disposal facilities. PUBLIC BENEFITS 5.1 The benefits that will accrue to the City and its citizens as a result of construction of this project and the use of Industrial Revenue Bond financing vis a vis conventional financing include, but are not limited to, the following: 5.1.1 The project will employ approximately thirty (30) temporary jobs, during construction, and approximately twelve (12) permanent jobs when the facility is in full operations. It is anticipated that the project will have an annual payroll Application For Revenue Bond Financing Pa~e 6 PART-V (Cont.) PUBLIC BENEFITS (Cont.) 5.1 Cont. 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 (Cont.) of approximately $137,000.00 when in full operation. The category of jobs to be provided will include managerial, skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. Wages to be paid in the various job categories will be competitive with other like and/or similar jobs locally and regional. The facility will be constructed in accordance with all applicable local, state and federal standards, thereby resulting in working conditions being satisfactory. The Cityk involvement in the development of this project through its issuance of Industrial Revenue Bonds will enable the project to be- come reality when current national economic conditions would otherwise prevent such because of, among other factors, high interest rates. Additional benefits realized by the community will result from, but are not limited to, removing of persons from the unemployment and public assistance roles and employing the under employed. The project will be self- supporting and will not rely on any support through anreimbursed expenditures from the City or any other public agency. The project, when completed, will add an additional $1,500,000.00 in assessed valuation to the City's tax rolls. In addition, the project will increase sales tax revenues to the City as well as additional business tax revenues. The method of financing provided for in San Bernardino City Ordinance 3815 will permit this project to begin construction and be completed on an accelerated schedule. As the City is aware, current conventional interest rates are at historically high levels; and, in addition, many sources of conventional financing Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 7 PART V (Cont.) PUBLIC BENEFITS (Cont.) 5.1 (Cont.) (Cont.) do not have funds available to make loans of this nature. Therefore, financing through the use of Industrial Revenue Bonds for this project will assure the developer that the project can now proceed in a timely manner without undue delays resulting from problems that would be incurred in obtaining con- ventional financing. 5.2 We believe that the construction of this project and the financing therefore, as set forth herein, as in full compliance with the overall requirements and intent of San Bernardino City Ordinance 3815. In particular: 5.1.5 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 The project is anticipated to have a bene- ficial impact on the unemployment problem in the City without imposing a financial burden or adverse effects on areas outside the boundries of the City or on transient residents of the state. The project will not produce detrimental effects on or conflict with or otherwise restrain state efforts to solve problems of legitimate state concern. The applicant has legitimate long-term business reasons including, but not limited to, the betterment of the community environment by providing long-term employment, labor pool access and other economic factors to which the financing of this project is not as important. The City of San Bernardino will only be in- volved in this project by the use of its abilities to provide Industrial Revenue Bond financing and will only be paid those fees necessary to reimburse the City for its administrative costs, incurred in connection with the issuance of the bonds herein referred to. The City will not realize a profit from Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 8 PART V (Cont.) PUBLIC BENEFITS (Cont.) 5.1 (Cont.) 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 (Cont.) this project as a result of the Industrial Revenue Bond method of financing in such a manner that it will be competing with rival private firms; and, the developer is not requesting that the City take any more action than is necessary to consummate the financing. As described previously in this application, certain incidential benefits such as in- creased property taxes, increased business license fees will accrue to the City as a result of this overall development. In paragraph 5.1.3 we have outlined certain programs by which it is expected that the projects activity in the City will increase long-term employment and short-term employ- ment, during construction, of local residents. The City will receive a substantial benefit, as previously described, from the development of this project that far exceeds any detriment incurred by the City. This project will be self-supporting and shall not rely upon the City for any further support than that which is necessary to consummate the issuance of bonds for the financing. City Ordinance 3815 and any and all other documents relative to the issuance of the Industrial Revenue Bonds requested herein will contain pro- visions that subject bonds are limited ob- ligations of the City to finance this develop- ment payable only from revenue generated by the development and that all fees and expenses incurred by the City in connection therewith will be reimbursed by the developer. The developer commits herein that no action shall be taken on the part of the developer that will result in a violation of any appli- cable federal, state or local standards related to sewage disposal. Application For Revenue Bond Financing Pa~e 9 PART VI COMMITMENTS 6.1 By execution hereof the applicant does hereby commit itself to comply with and to assist the City in complying with all State and Federal laws in the issuance of bond financing including, without limi- tation, the making of any required application to a Governmental Department for authorization, qualification or registration of the offer, issuance or sale of the bonds and any amendments thereto and any permit or other authorization of such Governmental Department prior to the delivery by the City of such bonds. 6.2 By execution hereof the undersigned does hereby commit to cause and/or assist the City in causing to be printed any prospectus or other written or printed communication proposed to be published in connection with the issuance, offer or sale of bonds prior to the delivery by the City of such bonds and if deemed necessary by the City following the delivery of such bonds. 6.3 By execution hereof the undersigned does hereby commit to pay all expenses in connection with the issuance, offer or sale of the bonds whether or not they are finally issued, to hold the City harmless from any and all expenses related thereto and to pay items on an ongoing basis so that neither the City nor its' advisors, attorneys, employees and the like will accumulate any claims against the City. 6.4 The undersigned hereby agrees that any additional information, agreements and undertakings as the City may require as a result of various conferences and negotiations shall be reproduced in written, printed or other tangible form, shall be supplied in as many copies as the City prescribes and shall be deemed suppliments or amendments to this application. . . Application For Revenue Bond Financing Page 10 PART VII SIGNATURE 7.1 The applicant by executing this document certifies that he has authority to bind the partnership to contract terms. that the application to the best of his knowledge or belief contains no false or in- correct information or data and the application in- cluding the exhibits and attachments is truly descriptive of the project. The undersigned further represents that the undersigned is familiar with Ordinance Number 3815. DATED: /~a/ SEE SECTION 8 NEXT PAGE ADDED BY STAFF. WARNER W. HODGDON, President ~~,'d B : Mt/~ WALLACE GREEN. Projects Coordinator ADDED TO APPLICATION BY STAFF - APPLICATION DOES NOT ADDRESS TH~ APPROVED FEE SCHEDULE SET FORTH BELOW: .. PART VIII FEE SCHEDULE 8.1 ~he City requires a non-refundable application fee of $50 for each project to be considered for eligibility, to be paid when the basic documents are requested. With the aubmittal of the application form, $500 is payable to the City. If the application is accepted, an additional fee of $10,000 is payable for administrative costs. Please note, however, that the commitments in Part VI above are in addition to these fixed amounts. ~us, in the event that no closing occurs, the City shall be reimbursed for its processing costs. 8.2 All fees of the City may be capitalized and included in the bond issue, as acceptable to the bond purchaser. B.3 ~e City derives its entire aupport from the fees for its services. ~e total function of the City is conducted on a self-svpporting basis, and involves no state general revenues or expenditures from taxes from the state or any of its political subdivisions. No In~btedness or taxing power of the City is involved. Project revenues are the sole security for Its bonds. The federal suar.ntees. If any, enhance these revenues and Income and the security of the bonds. L" Pursuant to Resolution 11-108. as amen~d by Resolution 11-'10, one percent (I'll.) of the bond issue shall be ~posited in the City Treasury in the Industrial Revenue Bond Reserve and Development Fund. which shall be used in such manner as the Mayor and Common Council may direct from time to time. F.'~" '.~", ':'. "it'::. .. ~- .:'~: ,(,+,-,:,:;,:,~::".'er,,::',;, ,....-t.~_ )1..,." r",-,lL4!1.~ ...~."...~.- ....~..'''7 '~~~:l'~~~~T~:~'1'r'!":~'-J."'c\":'~;',<c:.....;'~t "~. '~;:.' -, ", ~' ,," y-"~' ',. ~> ,..;,,~;~r.'.;;N;;;.;,~2;'~?'- <:,:::p' ... -~.' ..e'" __ "i, , 380'" 18." 1823 \ ;-m:n- OF Tm:...kIT'COF SAN-II.tBNbRPINO $ 500 00 k FIVE HUNDRED ANlC .HDIIDD-u-uu---------------- ______u_____________ -;;0"':;.' ; .=..r: . ~ ',' .- ~ --, ~~..'- -~. . , - .~ -'} ,"_. -r-.'^____..) __..-t:. . .~ _0..: - ~ oJ ' ~-"*'.. ~,L...,_~_3:-~ ~~ , /....:.:. ._. A;.;,,"- .;.... ... ,_"'-w'';'~ - .&: . .'" TilE l-'JlAXnlS Hn.u\ J>nll.1C UOI.1' COn(~E 1123 C'O\lRT STIlEt:-r. linn: 30t SAX BI:nXAIlDlXU. C'A 82401 DECEMBER 16 IlIll ll.\Y (~::;r::WOF IU;DE.Y~t..OP~J:IT AGENCY ..... ..........,..0 oP"'Cl' _~:,>.u .w~H:~.K1!\ggJ!~ X, ..... .::=..":.~~c:~~:~:~~; ..... ~~~ !?,!HH" _ ~--'/j Bort:I Iinancing~plicat'infl "000 iSOn' .1: ~ ~ WOO ~a. 71:0[;, n I!:'!::"'........ -:.;~f....... -_~--.::."'!'L ..-..-..~_.-..-~~ -"' Fon Ii":--.-. p:;J . ~. 11.. ~- .'r_' - . IS! ,....,,~ _~ r", f!.~ l'''1-1_,,'1' .~~. ,"....";.~,,,:-o. -.-'=-"~- ~- ,~~ ~, ,.,',," ~. "<"!P':"- .'j.....,. .' ....-. "" .~. :.;.'::" ;'-~',je..._. ....,;. _, ...l"':'-_"~);~;~~~'~" ~_.,:,:.~ ~...:;- k' ~~.~'r .:', i. #~." ~.',,~, .,'.... ...,:- >;;~. ,.< :. ."" :,/'~ '_,', ~,: of.' '-." ~..~ 'J", , - ~ . .. .. ' " :~~~~i~fl;,f~~Di~~;f~;~;;~~!;~{k-- - :.i.;: ,4.:';: . ..~"I,",:.i' ~," _, ~. .... f'. .r.. ~~ ~.... ...);~.~ ~ ~i: ~~.. ,.", '::1 ...... ..... - _ '.. .;;;~ :" - .. -r . ~ ~ ..~.....,.. ~ "::*",... -.- --<-':-. - -~- '.. ,;;.... , f' , .,~:} F." ~, ~ ,.,: . .~ .~ '-r.--- SBRDA-23 10-19-76 .. MEMORANDUM IEDEfELOPIUT JUJU Of THE tIlY Of SAn BERnRROInO. CRLlfORnlR DATE 12/16/81 TO Honorable Mayor and Common Council FROM Redevelopment Agency SUBJECT IDB APPLICATION: ALL AMERICA CITY PUBLIC GOLF, INC. :?/-t..;l{.. The following is a condensed recap of the Application submitted by ALL AMERICA CITY PUBLIC GOLF, INC.: PRINCIPALS: Warner W. Hodgdon, President ESTIMATED AMT OF FINANCING: $2,000,000 ESTIMATED TARGET DATE OF FINANCING: June 1, 1982 PURPOSE: Construction of a 14,000 s.f. food & beverage facility for the golfer and banquet user utilizing the Shandin Hills Golf Course. ESTIMATED IMPROVEMENT COST: $1,500,000 Project Cost 500,000 Related Costs $2,000,000 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION: Start June 1, 1981 6 months to complete - Open to Public 1-1-83 LOCATION: 3380 Little Mountain Drive ESTIMATED JOBS: 30 Temporary, 12 preminent ESTIMATED INCREASED TAX: 1% of $1,500,000 = $15,000 ESTIMATED IDB RESERVE & DEVELOPMENT FUND: 1% of $2,000,000 = $20,000 ** ** Section 8 added by Staff to Application. Applicant failed to address the fee schedule ~AJ Glenda Saul Deputy Director sl .. MOMENTUM MAKES THE DIFFERENCE I,:J.. c....