HomeMy WebLinkAboutS1-Public Works
File No. 12.01-322
CITY OF SAN BERl ~RDINO - REQUEST .. DR COUNCIL ACTION
From: ROGER G. HARDGRAVE, Director
Subject:Resolution -- Application to the LAFC for
expansion of the City's Sphere of InfluencE
in the area generally located South of
Devore Rd., South of the~215 Freeway
c:::>
c.-
~,-
z
Oept: Public Works (Engineering
Date: January 10, 1990
Synopsis of Previous Council action:
N
c.o
12-04-89
Authorization to proceed was given.
;2
-
..
t:-
(.0)
Recommended motion:
ADOPT RESOLUTION
cc: Marshall Julian, City Administrator ~ ~ ~
Jim Richardson, Deputy CIty Admlnlstrator/Development~~ ~~~~
James Penman, City Attorney Signature
Andy Green, Director of Finance
Contact person:
Les Fogassy
5334
Phone:
Staff Report, Map, Resolution
Supporting data attached:
Ward:
5,6
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS:
$1,935.00
Amount:
Source: (Acct. No,)
001-302-53007
(Acct. DescriPtion)
Filing fees
Finance:
I ",
" " '. ....,./'
Lfv,C\.~).J J-)I",-
Council Notes:
75-0262
Agenda Item No.
s~-/
CITY OF SAN BER...ARDINO - REQUEST rOR COUNCIL ACTION
STAFF REPORT
Due to the proposed growth and development of this area, it would be beneficial to the
City of San Bernardino to have this area under the City's jurisdiction. Portions of
the area planned for development are located outside the City's Sphere of Influence.
It is necessary that this area be included in the City's Sphere of Influence before
the City can take steps to annex this area.
On December 4, 1989, the proposal was presented and authorization to proceed was
given. The attached Resolution, and it's exhibits, along with the necessary fee, will
be presented to the Local Agency Formation Commission, upon approval, and is the first
step in making a formal application to the commission for the proposed expansion.
URGENCY CLAUSE:
The majority property owner in this area has expressed an interest in
annexing to the City of San Bernardino. Before his property can be
annexed, our Sphere of Influence must be expanded to include all of his
property. The schedule developed with the property owner indicates
that the application to LAFCO will be approved at the Council meeting
of 2-5-90. Therefore, it is required for this item to be on the
supplemental agenda in order to conform with the schedule.
1-10-90
75-0264
~:!1
'"
": \
!~:~L~~
...-11. _ C'
I j, /U'~
) I" r I,' tr:'" , :1" (/
. t~ '17 .~.'~ (,
I ~ij?j</'\<
~ , : ~Mi ,"'.'.', .<J;^ <.. ~ "-
!" I -.-' "
! ' t:lCv~
'),~ ':. 'Y
\ ~ I ._,uS
J ~.[;> \-
L~;>
~ '
..J
n~
J~!!
:Il~!
~~
zl.t
-ill"
~"Il
~~C
.O~
~
i
o
.
15
()
j2
l=t
,-<
!;
II>
<I"
;i
,
.
I
..
jll~
Ij~1 jJ 40/1
...JP jJ I'
;;g/IJ
~
~
~
~
~
~
'i,
i\
~
~
~
IS
"~
\i
~
I
I I J~. /\:1
'/ I /,/1'('
, . ~~.' / \ P \'11 !i I
/ ' I \ "I' I' I
/ ^. . ,! I " 'I'
. . /';'" ~ _ ' 1./1 ! I i
,''''.' ~:-~..-c'--:=dN! i I.
'\. ! I "':':' .,' =--~
, '\. ,I' / ~'-.: ,'~
'\ i (> --, \ d
, I if ~-,,~:....., "/:-
'f-., if f. '
.7 I',' " -- ,.; ,
< I' i! \.
I ~ '
II "
~
, ..
'-,
~
,
I
,
"
I
I
I
,
I
,
,
,
,
:i:h
,.
I'
I ,1 ~
'" I
,
'If
'I"
! '~.
',,- ~
'l-
'1\
"
! I
I
U
,
/
"->;,
,
}
/
I
!
/
-.;
'.,
-"~,,,.
,~.-=:.:.:.:.;,.~-_-3.'.: '"""
I
" N
~
;(s
c:;
(0' "
,,' <"
/ <00
0,
\
t.!
..
..
l"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RESOLlITION NO.
A RESOLlITION OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO MAKING APPLICATION TO
THE LOCAL AGENCY FORMATION COl1HISSION OF THE COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO FOR
EXPANSION FOR THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
GENERALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF DEVORE ROAD, SOUTIIWESTERLY OF THE 1-215 FREEWAY.
WHEREAS, the Mayor and Common Council as the governing body of the
City of San Bernardino desire to initiate proceedings pursuant to the
Cortese-Knox
Local Government Reorganization Act of 1985, Division 3,
commencing with Section 56000 of the California Government Code, for the
9 expansion of the Sphere of Influence of the area generally located South of
10
11
12
13
14
Devore Road, Southwesterly the 1-215 Freeway; and
WHEREAS, the territory of the proposed expansion area is described
more fully in Exhibit "c" dttached hereto and incorporated by reference as
fully as though set forth in length herein; and
WHEREAS, the reason for this proposed expansion of Sphere of
15 Influence is as follows:
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
a) A petition to annex was submitted by a property owner within
the proposed territory for expansion of the Sphere
of
Influence.
b) A portion of the area proposed for annexation lies outside of
the City of San Bernardino's Sphere of Influence.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE ~~YOR A~D COMMON COUNCIL
THE CITY OF SA.....; BERNARDI:--iO AS FOLLOWS:
OF
SECTION 1.
Application and a proposal is hereby made to
the
24 Local Agency Formation Commission of the County of San Bernardino to take
25 proceedings for expansion of the Sphere of Influence of the City of San
26 Bernardino located South of Devore Road, Southwesterly of the I-21S Freeway
27 as outlined in the justification form marked Exhibit "A", the plan and
28 narrative marked exhil1it "B-1", and Factors of Consideration marked Exhibit
01-10-90
RESOLUTIO~ ~KING APPLICATION fO THE LOCAL AGENCY FOR~TION CO~~ISSION FOR
THE EXPANSION ~~ SPHERE OF INFLutNCE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
"B-2", and a full description of the area proposed for annexation marked
Exhibit "e", which said Exhibits are attached hereto and incorporated by
reference as fully as though set forth in length herein, in the manner
provided by the Cortese-Knox Local Government Reorganization Act of 1985.
SECTION 2. The Clerk of the governing body is hereby authorized
and directed to file a certified copy of this Resolution with the Executive
Officer of the Local Agency Formation Commission of the County of San
Bernardino.
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing resolution was duly adopted by
the Mayor and Common Council of the City of San Bernardino at a
meeting
thereof
held
the
day
of
on
,19 , by the following vote, to-wit:
AYES: Council ~embers
NAYS:
ABSENT:
City Clerk
The
foregoing resolution is hereby approved this
day
of
, 19
W.R. HOLCOMB, Mayor
24 City of San Bernardino
25 Approved as to form and legal content:
26
27
28
James F. Penman,
City A~torney
by: \ ~
CitY/, torney
I
/
01
;'
~-----:""!>\'
; #-<-
2
EXHIBIT "A"
Justification for Proposal and Preliminary
Environmental Description Form
For LAFCO Use Only
TO: Local Agency Formation Commission
175 ~est Fifth Street, Second Floor
San Bernardino, CA 92415-0490
(714) 387-5866
INTRODUCTION: The questions in this form are designed to obtain enough data about the proposed project
site to allow the Commission and staff to adequately assess the project. By takinq the time to fully
respond to the questions below, you can reduce the processinq time for your project. You may also
include any additional information which you believe is pertinent. Use additional sheets where neces-
sary, or attach any relevant documents.
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. NAME OF PROPOSAL:
rh;:m9'" nf "rh<=>r", nf Tnflllpnrp fnr thp rit\/ nf '';In qprni'lrdino.
2. APPLICANT: City of San Bernardino
South of Devore Road. Southwesterly of the 1-215 Freeway
3. GENERAL LOCATION:
4. Does the application possess 100% written consent of each property owner in the subject territory?
YES ____ NO ~ (If YES. attach written authorizations.)
5. Indicate the reasons that the proposed action has been requested. The Citv has received a
r"'fJ'JPc;t for i'lnnpxi'ltion olJt'iidfl of it 'e; riJrrpnt Sl)hflre of Influence
6. Would the proposal create a totally or substantially surrounced island of unincorporated terri-
tory? YES ____ NO -XX- If YES. please justify the proposed 'oundary and attach that justifica-
tion to this application.
LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
1. Total land area:
Rn q Ar "1/1
2. Dwelling units in area:
5
3. Approximate population in aN!a: 15
4.
Indicate the General Plan designation of the affected city (if any):
none
San Bernardino County General Plan designation:
5. Describe any special land use concerns expressed in the above plans. none
-2-
6.
Indicate the existing land use.
Residential and vacant
What is the proposed land use?
Residential I ~ineral extraction
7.
Indicate the existing county zoning title and densities permitted.
Parcel One: Industrial!
commerc i a 1 ;
Parcel two: Floodway
NO .Jl. N/A
If YES, what is the prezoning classifica-
8. Has the area been prezoned? YES
tion. title. densities permitted.
9. Will the proposal require public services from any agency or district which is currently operating
at or near capacity (including sewer, water. police. fire. or sChools)? YES NO ~ If
YES. please explain.
PLAN FOR SERVICES
Section 56653 of the Government Code requires the submission of a Plan for Services with every proposal
initiated by a resolution of a legislative bOdy.
Please attach to this application a narrative description of the following:
1. An enumeration and description of the services to be extended to the affected territory.
2. A description of the level and range of those services.
3. An indication of when those services can be extended to the study area.
4. An indication of any conditions the local agency will impose or require within the study area
if the proposal is approved (for example. the payment of fees. the upgrading of structures,
roads. water and sewer facilities. etc.).
5. Information with respect to how the services will be financed.
6. List and describe all special local taxes, assessments. fees. outstanding bonds. etc.. that
will affect the proposal area.
NOTE: Sponsors of a proposal initiated by petition may submit their proposal without a Plan for
Services. In these cases. the LAFCO office will notify the affected city or district that they will
be required to submit a Plan for Services.
-3-
FACTORS OF CONSIDERATION
FOR SPHERE OF INFLUENCE REVIEW
Please attach to this application a narrative description of the following:
1. Present and planned land uses in the area.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities in the area.
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
1. State general description of topography.
generally flat
2. Describe any existing improvements in the site as % of total a rea.
Residential 10 > Agricultural ";
,
Commerci al > Vacant 70 %
.
Industrial > Other ";
.
3. Describe the adjacent land uses. Residential; vacant: fl oodway
4. Describe site alterations that will be produced by improvement projects associated with this
proposed action (grading. flow channelization. etc.).
none
5. Will service extensions accomplished by this proposal induce growth on this site? YES X
NO ____ Adjacent site5? YES X NO Unincorporated ~ Incorporated ~ ----
6. Is this project a part of a larger project or series of projects? YES XX NO
pI ease expla in.
If YES.
The City has received a petition for annexation outside of the current
sphere of influence. Approval of this proposal will allow the City to
proceed with the requested annexation.
-4-
NOTICES
Please provide the names and addresses of persons who are to be furnished copies of the agenda and
staff report and who are to be given mailed notice of hearing.
NAME City Administrator's Office
TELEPHONE NO.
384-5122
ADDRESS
300 N. "0" Street, San Bernardino, CA 92418
NAME CITY CLERK"S OFFICE
TELEPHONE NO.
384-S002
ADDRESS
300 N. "0" Street. San Bernard i no. CA 92418
NAME LES FOGASSY TELEPHONE NO.
Public Works Department
ADDRESS 300 N "0" Strppt Snn Rprnurlino. r.A g?41R
384-5334
CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data
and information required for this initial evaluation to the best of my ability, and that the facts,
statements, and information presented herein are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
:::~ef. , ~. _, ,) ~;;Y OF'~:RN~~
SIGNA W(E-- OF APPLICANT
, ...--
PHONE 384 - 5111
300 N. "0" Street
ADDRESS
San Bernardino. CA 92418
To be enclosed with this form:
5 copies of this Exhibit "A" with Plan for Services
30 copies of the map (bearing a certified seal of either a
licensed land surveyor or registered civil engineer)
30 copies of the legal description
(same requirement as for map)
2 copies of the Yater Location List
2 copies of the Prezoning and Environmental Review Documents
(if applicable)
2 copies of the Resolution or Petition of Initiation
(or landowner consent forms)
A list of assessor's parcel numbers
(Exception: incorporation and sphere of influence proposals)
Fi 1 ing Fees
Rev. 11/18/88
PLAN AND NARRATIVE FOR
PROVIDING SERVICES TO A
PROPOSED EXPANSION OF SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
OF THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
GENERAllY LOCATED
SOUTH OF DEVORE ROAD, SOUTHWESTERLY OF THE 1-215 FREEWAY
City of San Bernardino
Department of Public Works
Real Property Section
300 N. liD" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
Date: January 10, 1990
File No. : 12.01-322
Exhibit liB-I"
NARRATIVE FOt< PROVIDING SERVICES FOR A PROPOSED EXPANSION OF
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO,
FOR THE AREA GENERALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF DEVORE ROAD,
SOlITHWESTERLY OF THE 1-215 FREEWAY
The mayor and Members of the Common Council of the City of San Bernardino agree
and desire to expand the City' Sphere of Influence as described above, for the
following reasons:
1. The territory of the proposed expansion of Sphere of Influence is
contiguous to the City's existing Sphere of Influence.
2. The annexation of this territory will help contribute to and facilitate
the orderly growth and development of the existing City area. Expansion of the
Sphere of Influence is necessary before the City can annex this area.
3. The proposed expansion of the City's Sphere of Influence will also help
to provide a uniform and orderly manner of growth, planning and zoning of lands,
and the subdivision of lands therein in such a manner most conductive to the
welfare of said City and the area within the proposed expansion.
4. The City of San Bernardino has planned for providing all typical City
services to the proposed area. The following is an enumeration and description of
services which could be extended to the affected territory if annexed, which
describes the level and range of such services that will be provided, as well as
the feasibility of extending such services and any improvements that will be
required by the City, along with a description of when the service will commence
and the financing of such improvements and services and any conditions imposed by
the City.
a) Planning, Zoning, Code Enforcement and Building Inspection
The City shall provide these services in conformrloce with appropriate
Government Codes and City Ordinances as well as following the City's
General Plan for zoning and subject to the provisions of Land Use
Ordinance No. 1991. This function is supported by City taxes and
appropriate zoning, building and permit fees.
b) Parks and Recreation The area proposed for annexation will
have no impact on park or recreational facilities or programs, and no
additional services will be required as a result of the annexation.
The cost to the taxpayer within the proposed annexation will be
collected through the City taxes and by required fees charges to
those individuals who wish to participate in City-sponsored
recreational activities where charges and fees are applicable.
c) Library Service It is important to note that the resources
of the entire library system are readily made available to the
proposed annexation, including the Central Library located at 6th and
"E" streets. The cost for these services are paid through City taxes
and become available immediately upon annexation.
-2-
d) Public safe~ Police The San Bernardino
authorized a complement of 244 sworn officers and
civilians not counting 72 school crossings guards.
lice Department is
approximately 128
The
Division
counting
Patrol Division maintains 6 beat areas of
presently averages 24 Police units on patrol
supervisory and traffic personnel.
the City. The
24 hours a day,
The Detective Division has 30 sworn officers and works from 8:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily, Monday through Friday.
The Services Division maintains all records and identification
and provides support services to the other two Divisions on a 24 hour
a day basis. The cost for these services are paid through City taxes,
and become available immediately upon annexation.
e) Public Safety, Fire, Paramedic and Rescue Fire protection
services will be provided upon annexation and the affected residents
will be provided with a Class 3 rated Fire department with eleven
(11) different fire stations to respond. A typical structural fire on
the first alarm deploys two (2) engine companies, one (1) ladder
truck company, a paramedic squad and one (1) Battalion Chief. In
addition to fire protection, the City also has a minimum of four (4)
paramedic units on duty 24 hours a day. Each unit has two (2)
paramedics each, giving a total of eight (8) paramedics on duty at
all times. Also, the City is equipped with helicopter assistance for
rescue and/or evacuation services when required. The closest station
to the proposed area is Fire Station No.5, located at 1640 Kendall
Drive. Due to the expansion and growth of the City in this area, the
City has plans for locating a Fire Station in the vicinity of Palm
Avenue and Kendall Drive, which is very near proximity to the
proposed area. The cost for these services are paid through the City
taxes and become available immediately.
f) Public Safety, Ambulance Service The City of San Bernardino,
under Ordinance No. 1987, franchise to Courtesy Ambulance Company as
the only medical transportation carrier within the City limits. The
rates are established by the above ordinance and fees are paid by the
user.
g) Water and Sewer services Parcel One is currently served by
Devore Water Company, and they will remain to serve this area for the
time. Parcel two is not currently being served but service would be
provided by the City of San Bernardino if this area were to be
annexed. The treatment, disposal and reclamation of wastewater is
processed by the City of San Bernardino's Treatment Plant. Sewer
services would be available to the residents of the area upon
annexation. The methods and availability of installing of sewer mains
would vary, as would the financing for such projects (paid for by
developers in the area, assessment districts, etc.)
h) Public utilities Electricity, Gas and Telephone services
These services are currently provided to the project area. The City
will allow service to continue upon annexation under present
franchise agreements between the various utility companies. The rate
structure and cost to the property owners are controlled by the
Public Utilities Commission and any expansion of future service will
be created by the request of developers and/or property owners.
-3-
i) Solid Waste, Collection and Disposal - When the area is annexed,
the City will provide service at that time. Also, if upon request,
the City will provide refuse service to the existing customers, or at
the end of the 5 year cancellation period, whichever comes first. the
current fee for twice a week pickup (residential) is $9.50 per month.
j) street Sweeping , lighting and maintenance Street sweeping is
currently done a once a month basis. Street repair and/or maintenance
is done on an as needed basis. The costs for these services is paid
through the City taxes, and the services become available immediately
upon annexation.
k) Transit Upon annexation, the bus service provided for this
area will remain under control of Omnitrans.
Omnitrans' long range transit plans are at the request of
in the area through their Council person or directly to
Such change must have the approval of the City Council.
residents
Omnitrans.
The short range transit plans calls for continuation of the present
service levels on these routes. Service level changes are made twice
a year, in January and in June, and are initiated at the request of
the City Council and/or Omnitrans planning staff.
5. Special Taxes In addition to the regular property taxes, an 8i
utility tax is collected by the City to offset costs of the general services
provided. This amount is billed and paid through the respective utility's billing
process.
6. Conditions - There are no special conditions that will be imposed as
a result of this expansion of Sphere of Influence.
/ / / / /
/ / / / /
/ / / / /
-4-
CERTIFICATION
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Plan
the proposed expansion of the Sphere of
is complete and accurate.
-4-
and Narrative for providing services to
Inf1U@~~U
Director of Public Works
City Engineer
FACTORS OF CONSIDERATION
RELATIVE TO THE PROPOSED
EXPANSION OF THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
OF THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
GENERALLY LOCATED
SOlfI'II OF DEVORE ROAD, SOUTHWESTERLY OF THE 1-215 FREEWAY
City of San Bernardino
Depart.ent of Publ ic Works
Real Property Section
300 N. "D" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
Date: January 10, 1990
File No. : 12.01-322
Exhibit "B-2"
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OF THE CITY OF SAN R~ARDINO,
FOR TIf REA GENERALLY LOCATED SOUTH Of !:YORE ROAD,
SOUTHWESTERLY OF THE 1-215 FREEWAY
The mayor and Members of the Common Council of the City of San Bernardino
and desire to expand the City' Sphere of Influence as described above, and
submit the following for consideration relative to this proposal:
agree
hereby
1. PRESENT AND PLANNED LAND USES IN THE AREA --- Parcel one is currently a mixed
use of commercial/retail and residential. The County of San Bernardino currently
has this designated as industrial commercial which is consistent with proposed
land use for this area. Parcel two is currently vacant land and is designated as
floodway in the County of San Bernardino. The proposed land use for this area is
industrial. The City has no general plan designation for this area since it is
not within the City's Sphere of Influence. Upon approval of this proposal, a
general plan amendment will be initiated by the City to include these areas.
2. PRESENT AND PROBABLE NEED FOR PUBLIC FACILITIES/SERVICES --- Present land
indicates a need for public facilities and services for parcel one. Parcel
however, is currently vacant and the need for public facilities and services
limited. The proposed industrial land use of this area indicates there will be
need for public services in the area.
use
two,
is
a
3. PRESENT CAPACITY OF PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES --- The City's facilities
and services are adequate to serve in the proposed area. Reference is made to the
Plan and Narrative for the proposed expansion for full details.
4. THE EXISTENCE OF SOCIAL / ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES --- None noted in the proposed
area.
CERTIFICATION
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Factors of Consideration relative to the
proposed expansion of the Sphere of Influence of the City of San Bernardino is
complete and accurate.
Works
-1-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
DESCRIPTION fOR PROPOSED EXTENSION OF THE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE FOR THE CITY
OF SAN BERNARDINO
PARCEL 1:
Lots 1 through 7, Block 33, Map of Devore, as per plat
17 of Maps, pages 79 and 80, Official Records of the County
Bernardino County, State of California and Parcel 1 and 2 of
recorded in Book 4 of Parcel Maps, page 93, Official Records
described as follows:
Those portions
recorded in Book
Recorder of San
Parcel Map 457,
of said County,
Beginning at the most Southerly corner of said Parcel 2; thence
Northwesterly along the Southerly line of said parcel 2, and its
prolongation, 512 feet more or less, to a point o~ the centerline of that
certain unnamed road as shown on said Parcel Map 457; thence Northerly,
along said centerline, its intersection with the boundary of the existing
Sphere of Influence of the City of San Bernardino; thence Easterly and
Southerly along said boundary of the Sphere of Influence, to the point of
beginning.
PARCEL 2:
All that portion of the Rancho ~uscupiabe as per plat recorded in Book 7 of
~aps, page 23, records of San Bernardino County, State of California, being
a portion of Sections 13 and 14 of Township 1 North, Range 4 West, San
Bernardino Base and ~eridian, more particularly described as follows:
Beginning at the intersection of the centerline of the Southern Pacific
Railroad Right of Way as established by deed recorded in Book 6490, page 203
of Official Records of the County of San Bemardino, State of California,
with the North line of Farm Homes as shown b\' County Survey Map No. 1156, as
shown by Record of Survey on file in Book 42 of Maps, page 88, Records of
said County, said point also being the existing boundary of the Sphere of
Influence of the City of San Bernardino; thence Westerly, along said North
line and said Sphere of Influence boundary, a distance of 1991 feet; thence
South 18045'00" East, and leaving said Sphere of Influence boundary, a
distance of 3081.38 feet; thence East, a distance of 100 feet; thence South
750 37' 30"East, a distance of 200 feet; thence North 140 22' 33" East, a
distance of 225 feet; thence South, a distance of 260 feet; thence East 120
feet more or less, to said existing boundary of the Sphere of Influence;
thence Northerly, along said boundary of existing Sphere of Influence, to
the Point of Beginning.
. ...~
, 'l
t,'.
/
"
. .~~
--- ."
. -..-- ~
~v~;h;t lIc:ll