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CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO . ... -'lJ'V!tr,.,
Development Services Department - Planning Divisio~, e($~
Memorandum <) p ,
<~
TO:
Mayor and Common Council; James Penman, City Attorney; Rachel
Clark, City Clerk; Fred Wilson, City Administrator; Planning
Commission; Development/Environmental Review Committee
Valerie C. Ros~uty Director/City Planner
FROM:
SUBJECT:
General Plan Update
DATE:
July 25, 2005
COPIES:
James Funk, Development Services Director; Henry Empeiio, Senior
Deputy City Attorney; Terri Rahhal, Principal Planner
Attached are the Notice of Completion/Notice of Availability and the Draft Program
Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan Update.
The Notice of Completion/Notice of Availability was published in the San Bernardino
County Sun on Sunday, July 24,2005. The public review period for the Draft Program
EIR. starts on Monday, July 25,2005 and ends on Thursday, September 8, 2005. After the
public review period ends, responses to comments will be prepared, then the project will
be scheduled for consideration by the DevelopmentJEnvironmental Review Committee,
Planning Commission, and Mayor and Common Council. Those meeting dates have not
been scheduled at this time.
The Draft Program EIR. will be available for review on the City of San Bernardino web
page (Departments - Development Services), Feldheym Central Library, and the
Development Services public information counter. Copies may also be purchased from
Development Services. The General Plan has previously been distributed and is available
at the same locations.
The Mayor and Common Council and Planning Commission will hold a joint workshop
on Monday, August 8, 2005 at 5:00 pm in the EDA boardroom. No action will be taken at
that workshop, but there will be the opportunity to ideas and receive input.
Please feel free to contact Terri Rahhal, Principal Planner, or me if you have any
questions.
-It!
~/fS/O~
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT
NOTICE OF COMPLETION/
NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY
FROM:
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Development Services Department
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418-0001
TO: Agency Name & Address
SUBJECT: Notice of Completion of a Draft Environmental Impact Report (SCH# 2004111132).
Pursuant to the State of California Public Resources Code and the "Guidelines for hnplementation of the
California Environmental Quality Act," as amended to date, the City of San Bernardino, as Lead Agency, is
circulating for public review a Draft Environmental hnpact Report (DEIR) for the project described below.
The Draft EIR prepared for the proposed project indicates that there may be significant unavoidable adverse
environmental impacts associated with the General Plan update relating to air quality, noise and traffic. The
analysis also revealed that there may be significant unavoidable adverse impacts associated with the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan relating to air quality, cultural resources and noise.
Due to the time limits mandated by State law, the City of San Bernardino will accept comments between July 25,
2005 and September 8,2005. Please send your written response to Terri Rahhal, Principal Planner, at the address
shown above. You may also submit comments bye-mail to ~~_r.leralplan@sh.c::~ty. erg.
Copies of the Draft EIR are available for public review at the Development Services Department of the City of San
Bernardino and the Feldheym Central Library, located at 555 West 6th Street, San Bernardino. The Draft EIR is
also posted for review on the City of San Bernardino web site, www. sbci ty. erg.
Project Title: City of San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
Project Applicant: City of San Bernardino
Project Description: The proposed project is a comprehensive update of the City General Plan, including the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan and the University District Specific Plan. The total
planning area for the General Plan Update consists of approximately 45,231 acres (71
mi2), which includes approximately 38,402 acres (60 mi2) within the existing corporate
limits of the City and approximately 6,829 acres (11 me) within the City's sphere of
influence.
Contact Person for the City: Terri Rahhal, Principal Planner
Telephone: 909.384.5057 ext. 3330
Signature:
7/?JP
Terri Rahhal, Principal Planner
Date: 7- 20 ...O~
-#-1
~ l<t I oS;-
I
THE PLANNING CENTER
L
DRAFT
SAN BERNARDINO
GENERAL PLAN
r UPDATE AND
L ASSOCIATED
[ SPECIFIC PLANS
ENVIRONMENTAL
[ IMPACT REPORT
U SCH #2004111132
[ VOLUME I OF III
DRAFT EIR
[
[ ~
[
prepared for:
[ CI1Y OF SAN
BERNARDINO
[ Contact:
Terri Rahhal,
Principal Planner
[
prepared by:
L THE PLANNING
CENTER
, Contact:
William Halligan, Esq.
Director of
Environmental Services
L
7f(
F/ ff' /:J- S-
JULU 25, 2005
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Table of Contents
Section
Page
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1-1
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES .................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.1 EIR Format ..........................................................................................................1-2
1.2.2 Type and Purpose of this DEJR ...........................................................................1-4
1.3 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................................1-5
1.4 PROJECT SUMMARy.......................................................................................................1-6
1.4.1 General Plan........................................................................................................1-6
1.4.2 University District Specific Plan...........................................................................1-8
1.4.3 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan........................................................................ 1-8
1.5 SUMMARY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................1-9
1.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan .............................................................................1-9
1.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan........................................................................1-9
1.6 ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED ...........................................................................................1-10
1.7 AREAS OF CONTROVERSY ..........................................................................................1-10
1.8 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES, AND
LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION .........................................................1-10
2. I NTRODUCTION .................................................._.................................................................2-1
2.1 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT ..............................................2-1
2.2 NOTICE OF PREPARATION AND INITIAL STUDY...........................................................2-1
2.3 SCOPE OF THIS EIR........................................................................................................2-2
2.3.1 Impacts Considered Less Than Significant ........................................................2-2
2.3.2 Potentially Significant Adverse Impacts ..............................................................2-2
2.3.3 Unavoidable Significant Adverse Impacts ..........................................................2-3
2.4 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE ................................................................................2-3
2.5 FINAL EIR CERTIFICATION .... ..........................................................................................2-4
2.6 MITIGATION MONITORING ........................................................................ .....................2-4
3. PROJ ECT DESCRI PTION ......................................................................................................3-1
3.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan .............................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan........................................................................3-1
3.2 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................3-1
3.2.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update.................................................................3-1
3.2.2 University District Specific Plan...........................................................................3-7
3.2.3 Arrowhead Springs SpeCific Plan........................................................................3-8
3.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION....... .............................. ................................. ....................... ....3-8
3.3.1 General Plan..................... .............................. .... ............................................... ..3-8
3.3.2 Proposed General Plan Land Use.....................................................................3-13
3.3.3 University District Specific Plan.........................................................................3-24
3.3.4 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan......................................................................3-27
3.4 INTENDED USES OF THE EIR.......................................................................................3-51
4. ENVI RON MENTAL SETTI NG ................................................................................................4-1
4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................ ................................................................................... ....4-1
4.2 REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ........................................................................4-1
4.2.1 Regional Location ...............................................................................................4-1
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page i
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Table of Contents
Section
Page
4.2.2 Regional Planning Considerations............... ......................... ..................... .... .....4-1
4.3 lOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...............................................................................4-1
4.3.1 location and Land Use .......................................................................................4-1
4.3.2 Biological Resources...................................... ........... ........ ......... ......................... 4-2
4.3.3 Climate and Air Quality........................................................................................4-2
4.3.4 Geology and Landform .......................................................................................4-3
4.3.5 Hydrology..................... ...................................................................................... .4-3
4.3.6 Noise ....................................................... .................. .................. ....................... .4-4
4.3.7 Scenic Features..................................... ........................... .................................. .4-4
4.3.8 Public Services and Utilities ................................................................................4-5
4.3.9 General Plan and Zoning ....................................................................................4-5
4.4 ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ..................................................4-6
6. SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS...........................................................6-1
5. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................5.1-1
5.1 AESTHETICS .................................................................................................................5.1-1
5.1.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................5.1-1
5.1.2 Thresholds of Significance .............................................................................5.1-17
5.1.3 Environmental Impacts.............................................................. .....................5.1-17
5.1.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.1-28
5.1.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.1-29
5.1.6 Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................5.1-30
5.1.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.1-30
5.2 AIR QUALITY................................................................................................................. 5.2-1
5.2.1 Environmental Setting ... ............. ............ ........... ................... ................... .........5.2-1
5.2.2 Thresholds of Significance.............................................................................5.2-10
5.2.3 Environmental Impacts. .................................................................................. 5.2-11
5.2.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.2-22
5.2.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.2-25
5.2.6 Mitigation Measures................................................... ....................................5.2-26
5.2.7 level of Significance after Mitigation..............................................................5.2-28
5.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES .. ...................... ..................................................................5.3-1
5.3.1 Environmental Setting .................... ..................................................................5.3-1
5.3.2 Thresholds of Significance ........... .......................................................... ........5.3-32
5.3.3 Environmental Impacts. .................................................................................. 5.3-35
5.3.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.3-47
5.3.5 level of Significance before Mitigation ..........................................................5.3-47
5.3.6 Mitigation Measures............................................... ........................................5.3-48
5.3.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.3-51
5.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES ........ ...... ... ............................................................................5.4-1
5.4.1 Environmental Setting ................... .............................................. ................ .....5.4-1
5.4.2 Thresholds of Significance ............... .......................................... ....................5.4-23
5.4.3 Environmental Impacts. ..................................................... .............................5.4-24
5.4.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.4-30
5.4.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.4-31
5.4.6 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.4-31
5.4.7 Mitigation Measures. .......... .... ... .....................................................................5.4-31
5.4.8 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.4-38
Page ii . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5.5 GEOLOGY AND SOILS .................................................................................................5.5-1
5.5.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................5.5-1
5.5.2 Thresholds of Significance ...................... .......... ................. ....... ..................... 5.5-31
5.5.3 Environmental Impacts. .......... ........................................ ............ ...... ..... .........5.5-31
5.5.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.5-38
5.5.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.5-39
5.5.6 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. ....... ...5.5-40
5.5.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.5-41
5.6 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAlS..................................................................5.6-1
5.6.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................5.6-1
5.6.2 Thresholds of Significance .............................................................................5.6-21
5.6.3 Environmental Impacts. .......................... ............................................. ....... ....5.6-21
5.6.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.6-29
5.6.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.6-31
5.6.6 Mitigation Measures.................................. ..................... ................................ 5.6-32
5.6.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.6-33
5.7 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALlTY...........................................................................5.7-1
5.7.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................5. 7-1
5.7.2 Thresholds of Significance ................................. ............................................5.7-18
5.7.3 Environmental Impacts. ................................ ............................................. .....5. 7-19
5.7.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.7-29
5.7.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.7-30
5.7.6 Mitigation Measures.................................................................................. ..... 5.7-32
5.7.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.7-34
5.8 LAND USE AND PLANNING......................................................:...................................5.8-1
5.8.1 Environmental Setting ......................... .............................................................5.8-1
5.8.2 Thresholds of Significance ................. .................................. .................. ........5.8-15
5.8.3 Environmental Impacts. .......................................................................... ........5.8-15
5.8.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions .............................................5.8-45
5.8.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ..........................................................5.8-45
5.8.6 Mitigation Measures.................. ........................ ........................................... ..5.8-46
5.8.7 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.8-46
5.9 MINERAL RESOURCES.. ............ .............................................................. ....................5.9-1
5.9.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................5.9-2
5.9.2 Environmental Setting ....................... ........ .............................................. .........5.9-2
5.9.3 Thresholds of Significance.................................................... ...........................5.9-7
5.9.4 Environmental Impacts. ..... .............................................................................. .5.9-8
5.9.5 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions ...............................................5.9-9
5.9.6 level of Significance Before Mitigation ............................................................5.9-9
5.9.7 Mitigation Measures . ......................................................................................5.9-10
5.9.8 level of Significance After Mitigation .............................................................5.9-10
5.10 NOiSE........................................................ ........................................... .................... ...5.10-1
5.10.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................5.1 0-1
5.10.2 Thresholds of Significance ...........................................................................5.1 0-18
5.1 0.3 Environmental Impacts............................................................ .....................5.10-18
5.10.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions ...........................................5.10-33
5.10.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ........................................................5.10-34
5.10.6 Mitigation Measures .....................................................................................5.1 0-36
5.10.7 level of Significance After Mitigation ...........................................................5.10-37
General Plan Update and AJSOciated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page iii
"-'I""'~;1!:\;_~ .,,,._,,,,,,,
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Table of Contents
Section Page
5.11 POPULATION AND HOUSING ....................................................................................5.11-1
5.11.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................5.11-1
5.11.2 Thresholds of Significance.............................................................................5.11-4
5.11.3 Environmental Impacts......................................................... ..........................5.11-4
5.11.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions ...........................................5.11-10
5.11.5 level of Significance before Mitigation ........................................................5.11-11
5.11.6 Mitigation Measures ................................................m..................................5.11-11
5.11.7 level of Significance after Mitigation............................................................5.11-12
5.12 PUBLIC SERViCES........................................................................ ..............................5.12-1
5.12.1 Fire Protection and Emergency Services.......................................................5.12-1
5.12.2 Police Protection ............................................................................................5.12-8
5.12.3 School Services............................................................................................5.12-13
5.12.4 Library Services............................................................................................5.12-19
5.13 RECREATION ............................................................................ ..................................5.13-1
5.13.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................5.13-1
5.13.2 Thresholds of Significance.............................................................................5.13-4
5.13.3 Environmental Impacts................................................ ...................................5.13-4
5.13.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions ...........................................5.13-10
5.13.5 level of Significance Before Mitigation ........................................................5.13-1 0
5.13.6 Mitigation Measures .....................................................................................5.13-11
5.13.7 level of Significance After Mitigation ...........................................................5.13-11
5.14 TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC.............................................................................5.14-1
5.14.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................5.14-2
5.14.2 Thresholds of Significance...........................................................................5.14-13
5.14.3 Environmental Impacts........................................................... ......................5.14-14
5.14.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions ...........................................5.14-40
5.14.5 level of Significance before Mitigation ........................................................5.14-40
5.14.6 Mitigation Measures .....................................................................................5.14-41
5.14.7 level of Significance After Mitigation ...........................................................5.14-44
5.15 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS ..........................................................................5.15-1
5.15.1 Water Supply and Distribution Systems ........................................................5.15-1
5.15.2 Wastewater Treatment and Collection .........................................................5.15-1 0
5.15.3 Solid Waste ..................................................................................................5.15-16
5.15.4 Dry Utilities and Geothermal Energy............................................................5.15-22
7. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT ................................................................7-1
7.1 INTRODUCTION ................... ............. ....................................... ........................................7-1
7.1.1 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................ 7-1
7.1.2 Project Objectives ............................................................................................... 7-2
7.2 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED AND REJECTED DURING THE
SCOPING/PROJECT PLANNING PROCESS ...................................................................7-3
7.2.1 General Plan ........................................................................................................ 7-3
7.2.2 University District Specific Plan...........................................................................7-3
7.2.3 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan........................................................................7-5
7.3 ALTERNATIVES SELECTED FOR FURTHER ANAlYSIS.................................................7-5
7.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan .............................................................................7-5
7.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan......................................................................7-12
Page iv . The Planning Center
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Table of Contents
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7.4 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE .......................................................... 7-22
7.4.1 San Bernardino General Plan ........................................................................... 7-22
7.4.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan......................................................................7-22
8. IMPACTS FOUND NOT TO BE SIGNIFICANT .....................................................................8-1
9. SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT .............9-1
10. GROWTH.INDUCING IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT .........................................................10-1
11. ORGANIZATIONS AND PERSONS CONSUL TED..............................................................11.1
12. QUALIFICATIONS OF PERSONS PREPARING EIR ..........................................................12.1
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 13.1
~
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page v
Table of Contents I
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Section Page
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APPENDICES* I
VOLUME II I
A. NOTICE OF PREPARATION AND INITIAL STUDY
B. COMMENTS ON NOTICE OF PREPARATION I
C. AIR QUALITY DATA
D. NOISE DATA
E. SERVICE CORRESPONDENCE
F. TRAFFIC STUDY DATA I
VOLUME III I
A. AIR QUALITY DATA
B. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES I
C. CULTURAL RESOURCES
D. GEOTECHNICAL
E. PHASE I
F. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY I
G. NOISE DATA
H. TRAFFIC STUDY
I. WATER SUPPLY ASSESSMENT I
J. FACILITY PLAN
K. ANNEXATION STUDY: PLAN FOR SERVICE
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Page vi . The Planning Center July 2005 I
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List of Figures
Figure
Page
Figure 3.1-1
Figure 3.1-2
Figure 3.3-1
Figure 3.3-2
Figure 3.3-3
Figure 3.3-4
Figure 3.3-5
Figure 3.3-6
Figure 3.3-7
Figure 3.3-8
Figure 3.3-9
Figure 3.3-10
Figure 3.3-11
Figure 5.1-1
Figure 5.1-2
Figure 5.1-3
Figure 5.1-4
Figure 5.1-5
Figure 5.3-1
Figure 5.3-2
Figure 5.3-3
Figure 5.3-4
Figure 5.4-1
Figure 5.4-2
Figure 5.4-3
Figure 5.5-1
Figure 5.5-2
Figure 5.5-3
Figure 5.5-4
Figure 5.5-5
Figure 5.5-6
Figure 5.5-7
Figure 5.7-1
Figure 5.7-2
Figure 5.7-3
Figure 5.8-1
Figure 5.8-2
Figure 5.8-3
Figure 5.8-4
Figure 5.9-1
Figure 5.9-2
Figure 5.14-1
Figure 5.14-2
Regional Location.......... ................ ............................................. ............ ............ ..... ..3-3
City Boundaries and Sphere of Influence..................................................................3-5
Strategic Policy Areas............... .................................................. ......................... ....3-11
General Plan Land Use Map....................................................................................3-15
University District Specific Plan ...............................................................................3-25
Arrowhead Springs Land Use Plan .........................................................................3-29
Arrowhead Springs Circulation Plan........................................................................3-33
Arrowhead Springs Conceptual Grading Plan ........................................................3-35
Domestic Water Distribution System .......................................................................3-39
Irrigation Water Distribution System ............................................. ...........................3-41
Conceptual Wastewater Collection System ............................................................3-45
Storm Water Collection System................................ ...... ...... .................................. .3-47
Property Easements...................... ..................................................................... ..... 3-49
City of San Bernardino Site Photos ........................................................................5.1-3
City of San Bernardino Site Photos ........................................................................5.1-5
Arrowhead Springs Site Photos..............................................................................5.1-9
Arrowhead Springs Site Photos............................................................................5.1-11
Photos of Metropolitan Water District Project.......................................................5.1-15
Potential Habitat for Sensitive Wildlife ....................................................................5.3-5
Biological Resource Areas.... ................................................... ..................... ........5.3-11
Plant Communities, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.........................................5.3-21
Potential Jurisdictional Waters, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan ......................5.3-33
Historical Patterns of Development ........................................................................5.4-5
Archaeological Sensitivities..................................... ...............................................5.4-9
Arrowhead Springs Buildings, Structures, and Object Locations........................5.4-15
Geothermal Resources........................................................................................... 5.5-3
Soil-Slip Susceptibility............................................................................................ 5.5-7
Potential Subsidence Areas........................... ..................... ..................................5.5-11
Regional Fault Map ...... .........................................................................................5.5-17
Alquist-Priolo Study Zones ...................................................................................5.5-19
Uquefaction Susceptibility ........................................................................... .........5.5-23
Arrowhead Springs Geologic Map .......................................................................5.5-27
100- Year Flood Plain......................................................... ........ ............. ................ .5.7-7
Seven Oaks Dam Inundation................................................................................5.7-11
Arrowhead Springs Drainage ...............................................................................5.7-15
Existing General Plan Map .....................................................................................5.8-3
Redevelopment Areas ............................................................................................ 5.8-7
Existing Arrowhead Springs Zoning Designations...............................................5.8-13
Land Use Changes ............ ...................................................... .............................5.8-17
Mineral Resource Zones..................................................................... .............. ..... .5.9-3
Regionally Significant Construction Aggregate Sectors ........................................5.9-5
Circulation Plan.. ............... ..................................................................................5.14-17
Arrowhead Springs Trip Distribution ..................................................................5.14-35
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General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page vii
1. Executive Summary
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Table 1.8-1
Table 3.3-1
Table 3.3-2
Table 3.3-3
Table 3.3-4
Table 5.2-1
Table 5.2-2
Table 5.2-3
Table 5.2-4
Table 5.2-5
Table 5.2-6
Table 5.2-7
Table 5.2-8
Table 5.2-9
Table 5.3-1
Table 5.3-2
Table 5.3-3
Table 5.3-4
Table 5.3-5
Table 5.4-1
Table 5.4-2
Table 5.4-3
Table 5.5-1
Table 5.5-2
Table 5.5-3
Table 5.6-1
Table 5.6-2
Table 5.6-3
Table 5.6-4
Table 5.6-5
Table 5.6-6
Table 5.7-1
Table 5.8-1
Table 5.8-2
Table 5.8-3
Table 5.8-4
Table 5.8-5
Table 5.10-1
Table 5.10-2
Table 5.10-3
Table 5.10-4
Summary of Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and levels of
Significance After Mitigation..............................................................................1-12
Land Use Plan Statistical Summary: Residential Designations...............................3-19
Land Use Plan Statistical Summary: Non-Residential Designations.......................3-20
Comparison of Proposed and Existing General Plan Land Use
Distribution......... .................................. ............ .................................... ......... ....3-23
Arrowhead Springs Land Use Plan Statistical Analysis...........................................3-31
Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants.............................................5.2-6
Attainment Status for the SoCAB............................................................... .............5.2-7
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary ..............................................................5.2-9
SCAQMD's Significance Thresholds ....................................................................5.2-10
Project Related Operational Phase Emissions (In Pounds Per Day) ...................5.2-13
One-Hour Carbon Monoxide Dispersion Analysis For Existing Year 2000
and Year 2030 Build-out Year of the General Plan Update (In Parts
Per Million)...... ... ...... .... .............. ... ...................................... .......................... ..5.2-15
Eight-Hour Carbon Monoxide Dispersion Analysis For Existing Year
2000 and Year 2030 Build-out Year of the General Plan Update (In
Parts Per Million) ................................................................................. ...........5.2-16
Project Related Construction Phase Emissions (In Pounds Per Day) .................5.2-19
Project Related Operational Phase Emissions (In Pounds Per Day) ...................5.2-20
Sensitive Plant Species Potentially Present in the City of San Bernardino
and Vicinity ...... .......................................... ............ .........................................5.3-16
Sensitive Animal Species Potentially Present in the City of San
Bernardino and Vicinity ..................................................................................5.3-17
Plant Communities in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area .......................5.3-20
Sensitive Biological Resources - Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan....................5.3-26
Plant Communities in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area .......................5.3-41
Potential Historic Resources......................................... ...... ........... ..... ..................5.4-13
Summary of Arrowhead Springs Archaeological Sites ........................................5.4-22
Potential "Historical Resource" Archaeological Sites...........................................5.4-28
Soil Characteristics within the City of San Bernardino .........................................5.5-13
Principal Active Faults.......................................................... .................................5.5-14
Recorded Temperatures at the Arrowhead Hot Springs......................................5.5-26
Cathode Ray Tube Materials Recyclers in San Bernardino County.......................5.6-6
Hazardous Waste Transporters in the City of San Bernardino Registered
within the DTSC.. .............................................................................................. 5.6-7
CERCUS Sites in the City of San Bernardino.........................................................5.6-8
Facilities with Underground Storage Tanks in San Bernardino ...........................5.6-11
Facilities with leaking Underground Fuel Tanks(lUFTs) in San
Bernardino....................................... ................................ .... ................... ........5.6-13
Spills, leaks, Investigations, and Cleanups(SUC) in San Bernardino.................5.6-15
Unit Hydrograph Peak Flow Summary .................................................................5.7-27
Existing Conditions and General Plan Build-out Projections .................................5.8-2
April 2004 RTP Population, Household, and Employment Forecasts.................. 5.8-1 0
Changes between the Existing and Proposed General Plans .............................5.8-19
SCAG and General Plan Build-out Projections ....................................................5.8-20
Consistency with SCAG Regional Policies...........................................................5.8-23
Human Reaction to Typical Vibration levels........................................................5.10-3
FHWA Design Noise levels ..................................................................................5.10-4
Summary of EPNFRA Railroad Noise Standards ................................................5.10-5
Normally Compatible Community Sound levels .................................................5.10-6
Page viii. The Planning Center
July 2005
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List of Tables
Table
Page
Table 5.10-5
Table 5.10-6
Table 5.10-7
Table 5.10-8
Table 5.10-9
Table 5.10-10
Table 5.10-11
Table 5.10-12
Table 5.10-13
Table 5.10-14
Table 5.10-15
Table 5.10-16
Table 5.10-17
Table 5.10-18
Table 5.11-1
Table 5.11-2
Table 5.11-3
Table 5.11-4
Table 5.12-1
Table 5.12-2
Table 5.12-3
Table 5.12-4
Table 5.12-5
Table 5.12-6
Table 5.12-7
Table 5.12-8
Table 5.13-1
Table 5.13-2
Table 5.14-1
Table 5.14-2
Table 5.14-3
Table 5.14-4
Table 5.14-5
Table 5.14-6
Table 5.14-7
Table 5.14-8
Table 5.14-9
Table 5.14-10
Table 5.14-11
Table 5.14-12
Table 5.14-13
State of California Interior and Exterior Noise Standards.....................................5.10-7
Community Noise and Land Use Compatibility ...................................................5.10-8
Existing Traffic Noise levels ...............................................................................5.10-10
Daily Train Volume Estimates .............................................................................5.1 0-13
Train Noise Estimates (Distance in feetto 65 dBA ldn Contour) .. ....... ....... ..... 5.10-14
Noise Measurements Along local Roadways ....................................................5.1 0-17
Build-out Traffic Volumes and Resultant Noise levels Along Major
Roadways Subject to Potentially Significant Change ..................................5.1 0-20
Daily Train Volume Estimates .............................................................................5.1 0-23
Train Noise Estimates (Distance in feet to 65 dBA ldn Contour) ......................5.10-24
Screening distances for Vibration Induced Annoyanc~ (feet) ............................5.1 0-25
Noise levels Generated by Typical Construction Equipment............................5.1 0-26
Modeled Traffic Noise for Opening Year (dBA CNEl)........................................5.1 0-31
Modeled Traffic Noise for Future Year 2030 (dBA CNEl) ..................................5.10-31
Vibration Source levels For Construction Equipment .......................................5.1 0-32
Historic Population Growth Trends in San Bernardino ........................................5.11-2
April 2004 RTP Population, Household, and Employment Forecasts..................5.11-2
Comparison of SCAG 2025 and General Plan Build-out Projections...................5.11-5
Comparison of SCAG 2025 and City Build-out Proportions.................................5.11-6
San Bernardino City Fire Department Fire Stations .............................................5.12-2
Distance from the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area to the City of
San Bernardino Police Department District Offices .....................................5.12-1 0
Elementary Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School
District.................................................................................................. ......... 5.12-13
Middle Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School District............5.12-14
High Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School District...............5.12-15
Adjusted Student Generation Factors ................................................................5.12-15
Facilities within the City of San Bernardino Operated by the San
Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools ...........................................5.12-15
Anticipated Student Enrollment for the SBCUSD ...............................................5.12-16
Park Facilities within the City of San Bernardino..................................................5.13-1
Proposed Park Facilities in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan .......................5.13-9
level of Service and V/C Standards .....................................................................5.14-1
Intersection Level of Service Summary Existing (2003) Conditions.....................5.14-5
Existing 24 Hour Volumes and lOS on Roadway Segments...............................5.14-9
Existing (1999) Freeway Segments Volume/Capacity and lOS ........................5.14-11
Existing 2003 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and LOS on
Roadways in the Vicinity of Arrowhead Springs .........................................5.14-12
Existing 2003 Intersection Level of Service Conditions......................................5.14-13
Total Daily Trips at General Plan Buildout ..........................................................5.14-15
Intersection level of Service Summary for Future Conditions (2030)................5.14-19
Future Roadway lOS with Proposed General Plan Volumes ............................5.14-23
Future (2030) Freeway Segments Volume/Capacity and lOS ..........................5.14-25
Trip Generation by Arrowhead Springs Development at Phase I And Full
Project Build-Out ...... .......... ............ ... .... .......................................................5.14-31
2007 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and lOS on Roadways Within
the Arrowhead Springs Study Area..............................................................5.14-33
Intersection level of Service Summary (Future 2007 Conditions With and
Without Project Phase I) ...............................................................................5.14-37
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General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page ix
1. Executive Summary
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Table 5.14-14
Table 5.14-15
Table 5.14-16
Table 5.14-17
Table 5.15-1
Table 5.15-2
Table 5.15-3
Table 5.15-4
Table 5.15-5
Table 7.3-1
Table 7.3-2
2030 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and LOS on Roadways in the
Arrowhead Springs Study Area....................................................................5.14-38
Intersection Level of Service Summary (Build-out 2030 Conditions With
and Without Project) ..................................................................,...................5.14-39
Before and After Mitigation Level of Service Summary 2007 Conditions...........5.14-45
Before and After Mitigation Level of Service Summary 2030 Conditions...........5.14-45
Facility Description, EDU's, and Average Annual Domestic Water
Requirement ...... ...... .............. ........... ..... .................... ........................ ............. 5.15-6
San Bernardino Wastewater Reclamation Plant Trunk Lines.............................5.15-11
Landfill Facilities Servicing San Bernardino and SOI.........................................5.15-17
City of San Bernardino Waste Diversion Rates 1995-2002...............................5.15-18
Household and Business Waste Disposal Rates for San Bernardino ......... .......5.15-19
Build-out Statistical Summary.... ........... .............. ........... ..... ................................ .......7-6
Build-out Statistical Summary.................................................................................. 7-12
Page x . The Planning Center
July 2005
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1. Executive Summary
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that local government agencies, prior to taking
action on projects over which they have discretionary approval authority, consider the environmental
consequences of such projects. An Environmental Impact Aeport (EIA) is a, public document designed to
provide local and state governmental agency decision makers with an analysis of potential environmental
consequences to support informed decision-making. This EIR has been prepared to evaluate the
environmental consequences of the San Bernardino General Plan Update, which includes the University
District Specific Plan and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan and its accompanying annexation. This
document focuses on those issues determined to be potentially significant as discussed in the Initial Study
completed for this project (See Volume II, Appendix A).
This DEIA has been prepared pursuant to the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA), and the State CEQA Guidelines to determine if approval of the discretionary actions requested and
subsequent development could have a significant impact on the environment. The City of San Bemardino, as
the Lead Agency, has reviewed and revised as necessary all submitted drafts, technical studies, and reports
to reflect its own independent judgment, including reliance on applicable technical personnel and review of
all technical reports prepared by subconsultants.
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES
This DEIA has been prepared pursuant to CECA to assess the environmental effects associated with
imp'lementation of the proposed General Plan Update, as well as anticipated future discretionary actions and
approvals. The six main objectives of this document as established by CEQA are listed below:
1) To disclose to decision-makers and the public the significant environmental effects of proposed
activities.
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2) To identify ways to avoid or reduce environmental damage.
3) To prevent environmental damage by requiring implementation offeasible alternatives or mitigation
measures.
4) To disclose to the public reasons for agency approval of projects with significant environmental
effects.
5) To foster interagency coordination in the review of projects.
6) To enhance public participation in the planning process.
An EIA is the most comprehensive form of environmental documentation identified in CEQA and the CEQA
Guidelines. It provides the information needed to assess the environmental consequences of a proposed
project, to the extent feasible. EIAs are intended to provide objective, factually supported, full disclosure
analyses of the environmental consequences associated with a proposed project that has the potential to
result in significant, adverse environmental impacts.
An EIA is also one of the various decision-making tools used by a Lead Agency to consider the merits and
disadvantages of a projectthat is subjectto its discretionary authority. Prior to approving a proposed project,
the Lead Agency must consider the information contained in the EIA, determine whether the EIR was
properly prepared in accordance with CEQA and the CEQA Guidelines, determine that it reflects the
independent judgment of the Lead Agency, adopt findings concerning the project's significant environmental
impacts and alternatives, and must adopt a Statement of Overriding Considerations if the proposed project
would result in significant impacts that cannot be avoided.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 1-1
1. Executive Summary
1.2.1 EIR Format
This DEIR has been formatted to identify the impacts of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan separately from
the impacts of the General Plan Update, which includes analysis of the University District Specific Plan. The
University District Specific Plan primarily focuses on aesthetic treatment and policy guidance and its land use
plan is reflected in the General Plan Update. This DEIR contains the following sections described below. The
Arrowhead Springs information is identified where appropriate throughout the document.
Section 1. Executive Summary - This section summarizes the background and description ofthe proposed
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans and other related actions, the format ofthe DEIR, project
alternatives, and the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures identified for the project.
Section 2. Introduction - This section describes the purpose of the DEIR; background on the project; the
Notice of Preparation/Initial Study; the use of incorporation by reference; Final EIR certification; and, any
critical issues remaining to be resolved.
Section 3. Project Description - This section provides a detailed description of the project including a
separate description of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, the objectives of the proposed General Plan
Update and Associated Specific Plans; the project area and location; approvals anticipated to be included as
part of the project; the necessary environmental clearances for the project; and the intended uses of the
DEIA.
Section 4. Environmental Setting - The purpose of this section is to provide an overall description of the
physical environmental conditions in the vicinity of the project, as they existed at the time the Notice of
Preparation was published, from both a local and regional perspective. The environmental setting, which is
detailed in more depth in Chapter 5, provides a set of baseline physical conditions from which the lead
agency determines the significance of environmental impacts resulting from the proposed project. This
chapter also details the assumptions regarding the evaluation of cumulative impacts.
Section 5. Environmental Analysis - This section provides, for each environmental parameter analyzed, a
description of the thresholds used to determine if a significant impact would occur; the methodology to
identify and evaluate the potential impacts of the project; the existing environmental setting; the potential
adverse and beneficial effects of the project; the level of impact significance before mitigation; the mitigation
measures for the proposed project; the level of significance of the adverse impacts of the project after
mitigation is incorporated and the potential cumulative impacts associated with the proposed project and
other existing, approved, and proposed development in the area. Generally speaking, the analysis of
impacts for the General Plan Update is cumulative in nature and as such incorporated cumulative data for
the Arrowhead Springs project, which is currently in the sphere of influence (SOl). Therefore cumulative
impacts for Arrowhead Springs will be assumed to be the same as the impact analysis presented for the
General Plan Update.
Measures that have the potential to mitigate project impacts are divided into three types: 1) Relevant Policies
and Programs, 2) Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions and 3) Mitigation Measures. Relevant
Policies and Programs are those items from the proposed General Plan Update with which the project must
comply, and which, through compliance, potentially significant impacts are either reduced or avoided.
Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions refer to existing federal, state, county, and city codes,
regulations and standard conditions with which the project must comply, and which through compliance,
potentially significant impacts are either reduced or avoided. Existing Regulations encompass such legal
requirements as the Uniform Building Code, the City's Development Code, and existing municipal storm
water permits. Standard Conditions are those standard conditions of approval, which have been adopted by
the local jurisdiction and are applied to all projects within that jurisdiction. Although compliance with existing
laws and regulations is not considered mitigation, the Relevant Goals, Policies and Programs and Existing
Page 1-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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II
1. Exe-eutive Summary
Regulations and Standard Conditions applicable to the project are identified in Section 5 but have not been
included in Table 1.8-1 Summary of Environmental Impacts.
Section 6. Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts - This section describes the significant unavoidable
adverse impacts of the proposed project.
Section 7. Alternatives - This section describes the impacts of the alternatives to the proposed project
(both the General Plan Update and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan), including the No Project/Existing
Conditions Alternative and a Reduced Intensity Alternative.
Section 8. Impacts Found Not to be Significant - This section briefly describes the potential impacts of the
project that were determined not to be significant by the Initial Study and were therefore not discussed in
detail in the DEI A.
Section 9. Significant Irreversible Changes Due to the Proposed Project - This section describes the
significant irreversible environmental changes associated with the project.
Section 10. Growth-Inducing Impacts of the Project - This section describes the growth inducing impacts
of the General Plan Update and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project.
Section 11. Organizations and Persons Consulted - This section lists the people and organizations that
were contacted during the preparation of the DEIR for the proposed project.
Section 12. Qualifications of Persons Preparing EIR - This section lists the people who prepared the DEIR
for the proposed project.
Section 13. Bibliography - This section is a bibliography of the technical reports and other documentation
used in the preparation of the DEIR for the proposed General Plan Update.
Appendices - The appendices in this document contain supporting documents and other material too
detailed and voluminous to be included in the body of the DEJA. There are two volumes of appendices with
technical data supporting the Arrowhead Springs analysis found in Volume III. The following appendices are
contained in Volume II of this DEIR:
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. AppendiX A: Notice of Preparation and Initial Study
. Appendix B: Comments on NOP/IS
. Appendix C Air Quality Data
. Appendix 0 Noise Data
. Appendix E Service Correspondence
. Appendix F: Traffic Analysis
Volume III contains the following:
. Appendix A: Air Quality Data
. Appendix B: Biological Resources
. Appendix C: Cultural Resources
. Appendix 0: Geology and Soils
. Appendix E: Phase I
. Appendix F: Hydrology and Water Quality
. Appendix G: Noise Data
. Appendix H: Traffic Analysis
. Appendix I: Water Supply Analysis
. Appendix J: Facility Plan
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 1-3
1. Executive Summary
1.2.2 Type and Purpose of this DEIR
This DEIR has been prepared in accordance with CEQA and the State CEQA Guidelines. In accordance with
Section 15121 (a) ofthe State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 6, Chapter
3), the purpose of an EIR is to:
Inform public agency decision-makers and the public generally of the significant environ-
mental effects of a project, identify possible ways to minimize the significant effects, and
describe reasonable alternatives to the project.
This DEIR fulfills the requirements for a Program EIA. Although the legally required contents of a Program
EIR are the same as those of a Project EIR, Program EIRs are typically more conceptual and may contain a
more general discussion of impacts, alternatives, and mitigation measures than a Project EIA. As provided in
Section 15168 of the State CEQA Guidelines, a Program EIR may be prepared on a series of actions that
may be characterized as one large project. Use of a Program EIR provides the City (as Lead Agency) with
the opportunity to consider broad policy alternatives and program-wide mitigation measures and provides
the City with greater flexibility to address project-specific and cumulative environmental impacts on a
comprehensive basis.
Agencies generally prepare Program EIRs for programs or a series of related actions that are linked
geographically, are logical parts of a chain of contemplated events, rules, regulations, or plans that govern
the conduct of a continuing program, or are individual activities carried out under the same authority and
having generally similar environmental effects that can be mitigated in similar ways.
Once a Program EIR has been prepared, subsequent activities within the program must be evaluated to
determine whether an additional CEQA document needs to be prepared. However, if the Program EIR
addresses the program's effects as specifically and comprehensively as possible, many subsequent
activities could be found to be within the Program EIR scope and additional environmental documents may
not be required [Guidelines Section 15168(c)). When a Program EIR is relied on for a subsequent activity,
the Lead Agency must incorporate feasible mitigation measures and alternatives developed in the Program
EIR into the subsequent activities [Guidelines Section 15168 (c)(3)]. If a subsequent activity would have
effects not within the scope of the Program EIR, the Lead Agency must prepare a new Initial Study leading to
a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or an EIR. In this case, the Program EIR still serves a
valuable purpose as the first-tier environmental analysis. The CEQA Guidelines [Section 15168 (h)]
encourage the use of Program EIRs, citing five advantages:
· Provide a more exhaustive consideration of impacts and alternatives than would be practical in an
individual EtR;
. Focus on cumulative impacts that might be slighted in a case-by-case analysis;
. Avoid continual reconsideration of recurring policy issues;
· Consider broad policy alternatives and programmatic mitigation measures at an early stage when
the agency has greater flexibility to deal with them; and,
. Reduce paperwork by encouraging the reuse of data (through tiering).
In practice, this Program EfR would be utilized for subsequent activities implementing the goals and polices
of the General Plan Update or in the case of Arrowhead Springs Implementing the development plan,
provided the activities fall within the scope of this DEIA. These would include, but not be limited to, the
following:
1) Implement the Neighborhood Improvement Program, which offers a system of measures and
incentives and that are intended to stimulate the improvement of local neighborhoods.
2) Incorporate new provisions of the General Plan into the Development Code.
Page 1-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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1. Exeitttive Summary
3) Necessary provisions to achieve the intent of the Strategic Policy Areas, including:
· Allow flexibility in the allowable uses and signage in the Redlands Boulevard Strategic Area.
· Promote the conversion of apartments in the Residential Conversion/Restoration Strategic
Area.
· Incorporate applicable portions of the Corridor Improvement Program.
4) Modify development standards, including parking, setback, landscaping, and road/driveway width,
to allow the flexibility accommodate the preservation of historic buildings and the adaptive reuse of
structu res.
5) Update and tailor design and development standards to address the hazards posed by high wildfire
and wind hazards, especially in the northern portions of the City. The standards should account for
local variations in conditions.
6) Allow for the use of alternative energy systems provided that they meet all public safety, health, and
welfare requirements and are proven to be reliable.
7) Adopt a Preservation Ordinance that authorizes the City to designate any site, building, area or
vegetation deemed to be of historical, architectural, or cultural significance as a San Bemardino City
Historical landmark or district. Such ordinance shall conform to State and Federal criteria for
establishing a preservation ordinance and the Historic and Archeological Element.
8) Necessary changes in the Noise Ordinance and Airport Overlay to reflect the adopted
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the San Bernardino International Airport.
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9) Develop a Project Review Checklist that ensures that all development projects are reviewed for their
design quality and impacts on immediate surroundings, including use, size, location, aesthetics, and
land use compatibility; economic and fiscal viability; trips generated and circulation impacts;
infrastructure and service demands; environmental analysis (CEQA); fire and police demands; and
solid waste capacity to name a few.
10) Site-specific environmental review of proposed annexations with the City's existing Sphere of
Influence.
11) As a part of The Arrowhead Springs portion of this project, annexation of 1 ,548 acres that are
located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino and associated revision of the Zoning Map.
12) Improvement of Harrison Avenue between 40th Street and 30th Street, in conjunction with
development in Arrowhead Springs.
13) Development Agreement.
14) Review and approval of individual tract map submittals for Arrowhead Springs.
1.3 PROJECT LOCATION
CIty of San BernardIno
The City of San Bernardino is located approximately 60 miles east of the City of Los Angeles in the upper
Santa Ana River Valley. This valley is framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on the northeast and east,
Blue Mountain and Box Springs Mountain abutting the Cities of Lorna Unda and Redlands to the south, and
the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to the northwest and southwest, respectively.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 1-5
1. Executive Summary
San Bernardino is surrounded by the Cities of Rialto to the west, Colton to the southwest, Loma Linda to the
south, Redlands to the southeast, Highland to the east, and the San Bernardino National Forestto the north.
The City of San Bernardino encompasses an area that stretches from just south of the 1-10 Freeway on the
south to the Cajon Creek Wash and the San Bernardino Mountains on the north. The City's total planning
area is 45,231 acres, or 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres, or 60 square miles, of incorporated
territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands within the City's Sphere of Influence.
University District Specific Plan
The University District Specific Plan is located in the northwestern portion of the City in the foothills of the
San Bernardino Mountains. The University District Specific Plan encompasses 6,375 acres and includes
California State University, San Bernardino and its surrounding community.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Situated in the Inland Empire and consisting of approximately 1 ,916 acres, Arrowhead Springs is located at
the base of the San Bernardino Mountains along State Route (SR) 18 at the northeast end of the City of San
Bernardino. It is approximately 1.5 hours from both Los Angeles and San Diego, 45 minutes from Palm
Springs, and 30 minutes from Ontario International Airport. The site is also located within 3D-45 minutes from
the mountain resorts of Crestline, Lake Arrowhead, and Big Bear.
Arrowhead Springs is currently accessed directly by SR-18 and Waterman Avenue. Waterman Avenue can
be accessed from downtown San Bernardino or by SR-30, which connects to 1-215 and 1-10 to the south,
east and west.
1.4 PROJECT SUMMARY
The proposed project consists of three main elements: 1) update of the City's General Plan; which includes
2) the University District Specific Plan; and 3) Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan with associated annexation.
1.4.1 General Plan
The proposed project consists of a comprehensive update to the City's General Plan with the exception of
the Housing Element, which was adopted July 2003 and included but simply reformatted to fit the new
document. The proposed General Plan Update reflects the community's view of its future and can be thought
of as the blueprint for the City's growth and development.
The general plan is considered "long-term" since it looks 20 years into the future. The general plan projects
conditions and needs into the future as a basis for determining long-term objectives and policies for day-to-
day decision-making. While the life of the General Plan is generally considered to be 20 years, the General
Plan includes policies and programs that are short term, long term, and ongoing. Some portions of the
General Plan, such as the land use plan, are not linked to any timeline. The land use plan reflects build-out,
which will occur through voluntary methods or redevelopment efforts throughout the life of the City.
The general plan is considered "comprehensive" since it covers the territory within the boundaries of the City
and any areas outside of its boundaries that relate to its planning activities (sphere of influence). The City of
San Bernardino's total planning area is 45,231 acres, or 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres, or 60
square miles, of incorporated territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands within
the City's SOl.
The General Plan is also comprehensive in that it addresses a wide variety of issues that characterize a city.
These issues range from the physical development of the jurisdiction, such as general locations, timing, and
Page 1-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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1. Exetittive Summary
extent of land uses and supporting infrastructure, to social concerns such as those identified in the housing
element regarding housing affordability. To address this range of issues, the proposed General Plan is
divided into various topical sections, or Elements, as follows:
. Introduction - describes the background, development process, features, and structure of the
General Plan as well as the Vision that guides the entire Plan and Land Use Map.
. Land Use - designates the general distribution and intensity of land uses in our community and
provides general development guidelines and policy direction for the use and development of land
within the planning area.
. Housing - assesses our current and projected housing needs, and sets out policies and proposals
for the improvement of housing and the provision of adequate sites for housing to meet the needs of
all economic segments of the City.
. Economic Development - addresses the economic outlook and opportunities in our community
and presents strategies to enhance our financial health.
. Community Design - assesses the aesthetic qualities of our community and provides design
guidelines to help improve our community's image.
. Circulation - identifies the general location and extent of existing and proposed major,
transportation facilities, including major roadways, rail, transit systems, and airports.
. Public Facilities and Services - addresses our fire, police, and library services as well as schools
and cultural facilities.
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. Parks, Recreationf and Trails - presents guidance for the acquisition, development, maintenance,
and improvement of our parks, community centers, and trails.
. UtIlities - provides guidance for our infrastructure and utilities.
. Safety - addresses geologic and seismic, hazardous materials, wind and fire, aviation, and flooding
issues in our community.
. Historical and Archeological Resources - addresses the enhancement and preservation of our
historic resources.
. Natural Resources and Conservation - provides guidance for the preservation, use, and
enhancement of our natural resources.
. Energy and Water Conservation - addresses the efficient use and conservation of our valuable
energy and water resources.
. Noise - identifies and appraises noise problems and includes policies to protect the City from
excessive noise.
The City of San Bernardino's General Plan is guided by a Vision Statement and Key Strategies, which
describe the basic direction of the policies contained in this Plan and represent the community's view of its
future. The Vision and Key Strategies also act as a yardstick against which initiatives and proposals can be
measured to determine if they are or are not in concert with the future direction of the City
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 1-7
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1. Executive Summary
1.4.2 University District Specific Plan
The growth and development of California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) and City have occurred
independently and subsequently they are not physically integrated. However, CSUSB represents a major
opportunity to help improve the City's image and the City can capitalize upon the presence of the University
and use it as a catalyst to improve the surrounding community. The purpose of the University District Specific
Plan is to guide the integration of CSUSB with the surrounding community and the City as a whole.
The University District is located in the northwestern portion of the City in the foothills of the San Bernardino
Mountains overlooking the Cajon Creek Wash and the Glen Helen Regional Park. The boundaries of the
University District encompass the University itself (430 acres) and its surrounding community. In all, the
University District Specific Plan encompasses 6,375 acres.
The University District Specific Plan focuses on the aesthetic treatment of the public rights-of-way and other
programs designed to create an identifiable district surrounding the University. The Specific Plan includes
design guidelines addressing the treatment of landscaping, signage, banners, gateways, and
pedestrian/bicycle connections. The Specific Plan also addresses potential street and public facility name
changes to reflect the presence of the University and continued cooperation with CSUSB.
There are no unique land use or circulation system changes or developments proposed as a part of the
University District Specific Plan. The Specific Plan reflects previously mixed use developments in the area.
The Land Use plan contained in the University District Specific Plan simply reflects the General Plan land
Use map and land use designations.
1.4.3 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan provides standards and guidelines for the use and development of
1,916 acres that are partially within and partially outside of the City's jurisdictional boundaries. Three
hundred sixty-eight (368) acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently located in the
incorporated City and the remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino but
within the sphere of influence of the City. Included as part of this project, is the annexation of the 1 ,548 acres
into the City of San Bernardino.
The Specific Plan calls for a mixed use resort/residential development centered on the existing Arrowhead
Springs Hotel and Resort/Spa and includes: 1,350 units including 36 single-family detached and 1 ,314 multi-
family units; 1,044,646 square feet of existing and new commercial and office uses; a new 199-acre, 18-hole
public golf course; the reuse of the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel; a new 30D-room hotel; a new and
reuse of the existing conference center; and the reuse and expansion of the historic Arrowhead Springs
spa/resort. Arrowhead Springs offers 250,000 square feet of office, the pedestrian oriented Village Walk
(200,000 square feet of commercial) and Windy Point restaurant (20,000 square feet). Of the total non-
residential area, 235,996 square feet exist and will be preserved and enhanced as a part of this plan. These
non-residential uses could result in approximately 2,530 new jobs.
The developable area is clustered into 506 acres near existing development and is distributed within 1 ,400
acres of open space and watershed, which comprise 73 percent of the site. Currently less than 200 acres of
the property are developed and include such uses as an historic 1939 hotel/spa resort, steam caves,
residential-style bungalows, an historic swimming pool, tennis courts, outdoor theater, meeting halls and
maintenance buildings. These facilities are not generally open to the public at this time.
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan includes a total of 21.0 acres of parks in the developed area, consisting
of a 13.9-acre public Botanical Garden and 7.1 acres of neighborhood parks of varying sizes. In addition to
this, a 199-acre public golf course and approximately 1,400 acres of open space are also provided.
Page 1-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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1. Exetutive Summary
1.5 SUMMARY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
CEQA states that an EIR must address "a range of reasonable alternatives to the project, or to the location of
the project, which could feasibly attain the basic objectives of the project, but would avoid or substantially
lessen any of the significant effects of the project and evaluate the comparative merits of the alternatives. "
[14 Cal. Code of Reg. 15126.6(a)) As described in Section 7.0 of this DEIR, two project alternatives for the
General Plan update were identified and analyzed for relative impacts as compared to the proposed project:
. No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative
. Reduced Intensity Alternative
Three alternatives were identified for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project as follows:
. No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative
. Reduced Intensity Alternative
. Wetlands Avoidance Alternative
1.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
1.5.1.1 No-Project Alternative
The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative, as required by the CEQA Guidelines, analyzes the effects of
continued implementation of the City's existing General Plan. This alternative assumes the existing General
Plan remains as the adopted long-range planning policy documentfor the City. Development would continue
to occur within the City in accordance with the existing General Plan and Specific Plans. Build-out pursuant
to the existing General Plan would allow current development patterns to remain. The existing General Plan
would not allow for the development in the SOl as envisioned in the proposed General Plan Update, which
primarily involves the Martin Ranch on the northern border of the City. The No Project/Existing General Plan
Alternative would provide 99,233 dwelling units, increase population by 156,263 persons over the 2005
SCAG estimate of population, and provide a total of 369,923 jobs within the City at build-out, as compared to
the proposed General Plan Update. The Arrowhead Springs area would not be developed as a specific plan
and would not be annexed into the City.
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1.5.1.2 Reduced IntensIty Alternative
The Reduced Intensity Alternative focuses on reducing impacts on traffic and thus the impacts on air quality
and noise by changing the allowable floor area ratio of the commercial and industrial land uses thereby
decreasing the number of jobs and the resulting traffic. Estimated population and housing units would stay
the same as the proposed project but job creation would be reduced to 178,443 from 355,629 in the
proposed project, consequently reducing the jobs to household ratio.
1.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specfflc Plan
1.5.2.1 No Project AlternatIve
The "no project" alternative for the Arrowhead Springs area assumes that the County portion of the property
is not annexed into the City of San Bernardino and the area is allowed to develop with existing zoning which
would allow residential development with densities anywhere between 4.5 dwelling units per acre and one
(1) dwelling unit per 40 acres. This alternative also assumes that operation of existing facilities for use as a
resort could resume with minor and necessary health and safety repairs.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 1-9
1. Executive Summary
1.5.2.2 Reduced Intensity Alternative
Since construction activities are the primary source of air quality and noise impacts and commercial uses
generate the greatest amount of traffic (also contributing to air quality and noise impacts), the reduced
intensity alternative focuses on reducing the amount of commercial and office use which would reduce the
size of the area to be graded and consequently would also reduce traffic and associated impacts as well.
The alternative assumes that the Hilltown shops, new hotel, office building and restaurant are not built and
the Village Walk commercial area is limited to 150,000 square feet for neighborhood commercial.
1.5.2.3 Wetlands Avoidance Alternative
The wetlands avoidance alternative assumes that development would not occur in areas of potential
jurisdictional waters and riparian habitat. Although a few holes of the golf course might fit in the non-
jurisdictional areas this alternative would essentially eliminate an 18-hole golf course and some of the
residential pad sites along Waterman Canyon. With only minor adjustment to the development plan near
Lake Vonette, the remainder of the development would be built.
1.6 ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED
Section 15123(b) (3) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an EIR contain issues to be resolved including the
choice among alternatives and whether or how to mitigate significant impacts. With regard to the proposed
project, the major issues to be resolved include decisions by the Lead Agency as to the following:
1) Whether this DEIR adequately describes the environmental impacts of the project.
2) Whether the benefits of the project override those environmental impacts which cannot be feasibly
avoided or mitigated to a less than significant level.
3) Whether the proposed land use changes are compatible with the character of the existing area.
4) Whether the i~entified goals, policies, programs or mitigation measures should be adopted or
modified.
5) Whether there are other mitigation measures that should be applied to the project besides the
mitigation measures identified in the DEIR.
6) Whether there are any alternatives to the project that would substantially lessen any of the significant
impacts of the proposed project and achieve most of the basic project objectives.
1.7 AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
There are no specific areas of known controversy concerning the proposed project. This Draft EIR has taken
into consideration the comments received from the public, various agencies, and jurisdictions in response to
the Notice of Preparation. Written comments received during the NOP and scoping period are contained in
Volume Appendix B.
1.8 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MmGATION MEASURES, AND
LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION
Table 1.8-1 (beginning on the following page) summarizes the conclusions of the environmental analysis
contained in this EIR. Impacts are identified as significant or less than significant and for all significant
impacts mitigation measures are identified. The level of significance after imposition of the mitigation
measures is also presented.
Page 1-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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City o/San Bernardino - Page 1-11
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2. Introduction
2.1 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
The California Environmental Quality Act requires that all state and local governmental agencies consider
the environmental consequences of projects over which they have discretionary authority prior to taking
action on those projects, This Draft EIR has been prepared to satisfy CEQA, as set forth in the Public
Resources Code Section 21000, et seq" and the State CEQA Guidelines, 14 California Code of Regula-
tions, Section 15000, at seq. The EIR is the public document designed to provide decision makers and
the publiC with an analysis of the environmental effects of the proposed project, to indicate possible
ways to reduce or avoid environmental damage and to identify alternatives to the project. The EIR must
also disclose significant environmental impacts that cannot be avoided; growth inducing impacts; effects
not found to be significant; and significant cumulative impacts of all past, present and reasonably
foreseeable future projects.
Pursuant to CEQA Section 21067, the Lead Agency means "the public agency which has the principal
responsibility for carrying out or approving a project which may have a significant effect upon the
environment.. The City of San Bernardino has the principal responsibility for approval of the General
Plan Update and Associated SpecifiC Plans project, For this reason, the City of San Bernardino is the
CEQA Lead Agency for this project.
The intent of the EIR is to provide sufficient information on the potential environmental impacts of the
proposed General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans to allow the City to make an informed
decision regarding approval of the project. Specific discretionary actions to be reviewed by the City are
described later in Section 3.4, Intended Uses of the EIR.
~
This EIR has been prepared in accordance with requirements of the:
. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) of 1970, as amended (Public Resources Code
Section 21000 et seq.)
. State Guidelines for the Implementation of the CEQA of 1970 (herein referenced as CEQA
Guidelines), as amended (California Code of Regulations Sections 15000 et seq,)
The overall purpose of this EIR is to inform the lead agency, responsible agencies, decision makers and
the general public of the environmental effects of the development and operation of the proposed San
Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans. This EIR addresses the potential
environmental effects of the project, including effects that may be significant and adverse, evaluates a
number of alternatives to the project and identifies mitigation measures to reduce or avoid adverse
effects.
2.2 NOTICE OF PREPARATION AND INITIAL STUDY
The City of San Bernardino determined that an EIR would be required for this project and issued a Notice
of Preparation (NOP) and Initial Study on November 29, 2004 (See Appendix A, Volume II). Comments
received during the public review period, which extended from November 29, 2004, to December 28,
2004, are contained in Appendix B, Volume II.
The NOP process is used to help determine the scope of the environmental issues to be addressed in
the EIR. Based on this process and the Initial Study for the project, certain environmental categories
were identified as having the potential to result in significant impacts, Issues considered potentially
significant are addressed in this EIR. Issues identified as less than significant or having no impact are not
addressed beyond the discussion contained in the Initial Study. Refer to the Initial Study in Volume II,
Appendix A, Volume II for discussion of how these initial determinations have been made,
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 2-1
2, Introduction
2.3 SCOPE OF THIS EIR
Based upon the Initial Study and the Environmental Checklist Form, the City of San Bernardino staff
determined that an EIR should be prepared for the proposed project. The scope of the DEIR was
determined based upon the Initial Study and comments received in response to the NOP/lnitial Study,
As required by CEQA Statutes Section 21083.9, a scoping meeting was held on December 14, 2004.
Pursuant to Sections 15126,2 and 15126.4 of the State CEQA Guidelines, the EIR should. identify any
potentially significant adverse impacts and recommend mitigation that would reduce or eliminate these
impacts to less than significant levels.
The information contained in the Project Description establishes the basis for analyzing future. project-
related environmental impacts, However, further environmental review by the City may be required as
more detailed information and plans are submitted on a project-by-project basis.
This DEIR has been prepared to evaluate potentially significant impacts associated with implementation
of the proposed General Plan Update including Specific Plans for Arrowhead Springs and the University
District. General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs, Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions and
Mitigation Measures have been identified to either reduce or eliminate potentially significant impacts. The
DEIR distinguishes the impacts of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan separately and provides
information pertaining to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan in all sections where appropriate. For
purposes of environmental analysis in this DEIR, the focus of the environmental impact analysis is on
those areas in which physical changes to the existing environment are proposed that may result in
environmental impacts (i.e. areas where land use changes are proposed), and to ensure that
development and improvement activities are consistent with the General Plan Update. In addition, the
DEIR describes a range of reasonable alternatives to the project which could feasibly attain the basic
objectives of the project, while substantially avoiding or lessening any of the significant impacts of the
proposed project, and evaluates the comparative merits of the alternatives and the proposed project.
2.3.1 Impacts Considered Less Than Significant
One environmental impact category is identified here as not being significantly affected by, or affecting
the proposed project and as such is not discussed in detail in this DEIA. This determination was made
by the City of San Bernardino in its preparation of the Initial Study. The following topical issue is not
addressed in the DEIR:
. Agricultural Resources
2.3.2 Potentially Significant Adverse Impacts
Based on the results of the Initial Study and consideration of the comments received during the scoping
process, a number of environmental issues were identified as requiring more detailed review in this EIA.
The following is a list of these broad categories.
. Aesthetics
. Air Quality
. Biological Resources
. Cultural Resources
. Geology/Soils
. Hazards and Hazardous Materials
. Hydrology/Water Quality
. Land Use and Planning
. Mineral Resources
Page 2-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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2. Introduction
. Noise
. Population and Housing
. Public Services
. Recreation
. Transportation/Circulation
. Utilities
Refer to the Initial Study in Volume II, Appendix A for the specific issues within each of these categories
that were determined to require further review. Other specific issues within these categories were
dismissed in the Initial Study and have not been reviewed in this EIR,
2.3.3 Unavoidable Significant Adverse Impacts
This DEIR identifies 3 unavoidable adverse impacts for the General Plan update and 3 unavoidable
adverse impacts for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, as defined by CEQA that would result from
implementation of the proposed project, Unavoidable adverse impacts may be considered significant on
a project-specific basis, cumulatively significant, and/or potentially significant. Potentially significant
impacts are those that fall within the responsibility of another agency and implementation of the
mitigation measures cannot feasibly be assured by the City, If the City, as the Lead Agency, determines
that unavoidable significant adverse impacts will result from the project, the City must prepare a
.Statement of Overriding Considerations. before it can approve the project. A Statement of Overriding
Considerations states that the decision-making body has balanced the benefrts of the proposed project
against its unavoidable significant environmental effects and has determined that the benefits of the
project outweigh the adverse effects and, therefore, the adverse effects are considered to be acceptable.
The impacts that were found in the DEIR to be significant and unavoidable area:
~
San Bernardino General Plan
. Air Quality
. Noise
. Traffic
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
. Air Quality
. Cultural Resources
. Noise
2.4 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The following documents are incorporated by reference in this EIR, consistent with Section 15150 of the
State CEQA Guidelines, and are available for review at the City of San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino, Draft Environmental Impact Report for City of San Bernardino General Plan-SCH#
89021308, prepared by Envicom Corporation, et aI., March 24,1989.
City of San Bernardino, Technical Background Report for City of San Bernardino General Plan Update,
prepared by Envicom Corporation, et. al., February 1988,
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Inland Feeder Project environmental Impact Report
and Environmental Assessment, Addendum No.4 for Minor Project Modifications, May 1996,
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 2-3
2. Introduction
2.5 FINAL EIR CERTIFICATION
This Draft EIR is being circulated for public review for a period of 45 days, Interested agencies and
members of the public are invited to provide written comments on the Draft EIR to the City address
shown on the title page of this document, or bye-mail to generalplan@sbcity,org.
The DEIR is available to the general public for review at the following locations:
. City of San Bernardino Development Services Department
· City of San Bernardino Public Library, Main Branch, located at 555 W, 6th Street, San Bernardino,
CA 92401
. Web page, www.sbcity.org
Upon. completion of the 45-day review period, the City of San Bernardino will review all written comments
received and prepare written responses for each comment. A final EIR will then be prepared incor-
porating all of the comments received, responses to the comments and any changes to the Draft EIR
that result from the comments received, This Final EIR will then be presented to the City Council of San
Bemardino for potential certification as the environmental document for the project. All persons who
commented on the Draft EIR will be notified of the availability of the Final EIR and the date of the public
hearing before the Mayor and Common Council.
2.6 MITIGATION MONITORING
Public Resources Code Section 21081.6 requires that agencies adopt a monitoring or reporting program
for any project for which it has made findings pursuant to Public Resources Code 21081 or adopted a
Negative Declaration pursuant to 21 080(c). Such a program is intended to ensure the implementation of
all mitigation measures adopted through the preparation of an EIR or Negative Declaration.
Two independent Mitigation Monitoring Programs, one for the General Plan Update and one for the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan will be prepared as part of the Final EIR and will be completed prior to
consideration of the project by the City Council.
Page 2-4 . The Planning Center
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3. Project Description
3.1 PROJECT LOCATION
3.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The City of San Bernardino is located approximately 60 miles east of the City of Los Angeles in the upper
Santa Ana River Valley as shown in Figure 3,1-1. This valley is framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on
the northeast and east, the Blue Mountains and the Box Springs Mountains abutting the Cities of Loma Unda
and Redlands to the south, and the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to the northwest and
southwest, respectively. San Bernardino is surrounded by the Cities of Rialto to the west, Colton to the
southwest, Loma Linda to the south, Redlands to the southeast, Highland to the east, and the San
Bernardino National Forest to the north. The City encompasses an area that stretches from just south of the
10 Freeway on the south to the Cajon Creek Wash and the San Bernardino Mountains on the north. The
City's total planning area is 45,231 acres, or approximately 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres, or
60 square miles, of incorporated territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands within
the City's Sphere of Influence (see Figure 3.1-2). Due to its location, San Bernardino is situated as a gateway
to the mountain resorts and is also a gateway to southern California due to its proximity to the Cajon Pass, a
major natural entry from the high deserts and points east. The University District Specific Plan is located in
the northwestern portion of the City in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains.
3.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Consisting of approximately 1,916 acres, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area is located atthe base of
the San Bernardino Mountains along State Route (SR) 18 at the north end of the City of San Bernardino, as
shown on Figure 3.1-2. It is approximately 1.5 hours from both Los Angeles and San Diego, 45 minutes from
Palm Springs, and 30 minutes from Ontario International Airport. The site is also located within 30-45
minutes from the mountain resorts of Crestline, Lake Arrowhead, and Big Bear,
~
3.2 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
3.2.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
The General Plan is guided by the Vision and Key Strategies, which express the future aspirations and
desires of San Bernardino. The Vision and Key Strategies represent the broadest level of direction in the
General Plan and describes the important characteristics that will define San Bernardino in the future. The
Vision and Key Strategies provide a framework for the policies of the General Plan, The following Key
Strategies summarize the Vision and emphasize the thrust of the General Plan's direction:
. Experience a new era of collaboration with an attitude of entrepreneurship and action;
. Tap into the Inland Empire's dynamic economy;
. Deal with new fiscal realities;
· Develop a distinct personality both at a community wide and a neighborhood level;
. Realize quality housing in safe and attractive neighborhoods;
· Enhance cultural, recreational, and entertainment opportunities,
. Provide quality education at all levels; Maintain a collective sense of community pride; and
. Achieve the Vision.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-1
Page 3-2 . The Planning Center
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3.
Project Description
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3. Project Description
Regional Location
KERN
COUNTY
SAN BERNARDINO
COUNTY
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NOT TO SCALE
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific PlanJ EIR
The Planning unter . Figure 3.1-1
3.
Project DescriPtion
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 3-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3. Project Description
3.2.2 University District Specific Plan
The guiding vision of this Specific Plan is to collaborate with California State University, San Bernardino
(CSUSB) to fully integrate the campus with the surrounding community. The following objectives were
identified in a joint meeting with the University:
· Pedestrian Focus: Focus on pedestrian-oriented development, such as mixed uses and University
related uses, and less upon auto dependent uses. Develop a walkable University village in the
University District.
· Physical Connectivity: Develop a seamless connection between the community and University
through access, tailored street naming, and physical improvements such as landscaping,
streetscape, signage, and public art.
. Integrated Curriculum: Integrate the curriculum of the University to the needs of the community. For
instance, teaching classes can be linked with area schools or course curriculum can incorporate
community improvement projects.
. Economic Boost: Capitalize upon potential economic connections, For instance, an engineering
program can be connected with the City's industrial/research uses.
. University Town: Market the University and surrounding community with the intention of becoming
recognized as a "University town,"
. Positive Marketing: Market the art and cultural facilities that the University and surrounding
community have to offer. Tie the curriculum of the University and the art and cultural programs ofthe
community together.
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· Trolley Connections: Encourage the development oftrolley connections between the University and
downtown and the MetroUnk station at the San Bernardino Depot.
· Campus Feel: Maintain the spacious and park-like "campus feel" of the University,
· Open Communications: Maintain and improve open communications between the University and
community and increase opportunities for the University to participate in City-run programs.
· Regional Recreation: Enhance the regional recreational link with the University.
· Efficient Access: Develop efficient vehicular and pedestrian access within the University village.
· Housing Opportunities: Offer a range of housing types in the University District to accommodate a
wide range of population, including University faculty and staff,
· Quality Housing Opportunities: Ensure that quality housing is developed in the surrounding
community.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-7
3. Project Description
3.2.3 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The following objectives for Arrowhead Springs can be found in the content of the Specific Plan itself:
· Create a unique and economically viable mixed-use resort and residential living environment that
utilizes the existing natural and historic resources to the greatest extent possible.
· Preserve and enhance the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa and make these the
centerpiece of Arrowhead Springs.
· Develop a unique shopping and entertainment environment.
· Concentrate development in a limited area and maintain the existing environmental conditions to the
greatest extent possible.
· Create a development that is based on sustainable development principles as outlined in the U,S,
Green Building Council's L.E.E.D. rating program (Leadership in energy and environmental Design.
· Maximize open space and recreational opportunities,
· Create both passive and active recreational opportunities,
· Create a mixture of housing types and products to appeal to many segments of the housing market.
· Integrate commercial, service, employment, entertainment, and recreational opportunities near
housing and connect with a range of mobility options.
· Develop a comprehensive system of mobility options for vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian, and
equestrian travel.
· Incorporate the existing water and thermal water resources into Arrowhead Springs.
· Create strong development standards and design guidelines to ensure quality development within
Arrowhead Springs that complements the existing historical buildings,
3.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.3.1 General Plan
The primary goal of the proposed General Plan Update project was to streamline and simplify the existing
General Plan. The basic premise of the project was that the existing General Plan provided strong direction
and policies that would be used as the basis for the update, Accordingly, the existing and proposed General
Plan's share many of the same policies. The text and policies have been updated to reflect actions taken,
changes in direction, and contemporary laws and information,
Like the existing General Plan, the proposed General Plan consists of the same 14 elements, as follows:
. Chapter 1 . Introduction
. Chapter 2. Land Use
. Chapter 3. Housing
. Chapter 4. Economic Development
. Chapter 5. Community Design
. Chapter 6. Circulation
Page 3-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3 . Project Description
. Chapter 7, Public Facilities and Services
. Chapter 8. Parks, Recreation, and Trails
. Chapter 9, Utilities
. Chapter 1 0, Safety
. Chapter 11, Historical and Archeological Resources
. Chapter 12, Natural Resources and Conservation
. Chapter 13, Energy and Water Conservation
. Chapter 14. Noise
Goals and policies within these Elements provide policy guidance on a number of topics ranging from air
quality, biological resources, business retention, growth, and attraction, compatibility, connectivity, conser-
vation, design, distinct character and identity, education/schools, emergency response, fire, flood, hillside
development, historical assets/preservation, infrastructure, neighborhood improvement, noise, NPDES,
parks/recreation, police, redevelopment/revitalization, seismic hazards, trails/bikeways, water, and wind to
name a few, The major changes between the existing and proposed General Plans include:
Strategic Policy Areas - This new section of the Land Use Element provides specialized goals and policies
that address specific areas of the City . Together with the other policies and elements of the General Plan, the
policies of the Strategic Areas are intended to help create, preserve, revitalize, and enhance selected areas
of the City, The Strategic Policy Areas include two basic distinctions:
. Urban ConseNation and Enhancement Areas: Areas where the goals and policies of the General
Plan focus on preservation and enhancement of existing neighborhoods and where fundamental
changes in the land use pattern are not anticipated or desired, These areas are subject to the goals
and policies of the General Plan,
~
. Strategic Areas: Areas where change is either imminent and needs stimulation/guidance or where
change is desired and needs stimulation/guidance.
The Strategic Area Map (Figure 3.3-1) describes the locations of the Strategic Areas, The boundaries on this
map are intended to be general in nature and not precise. Instead, the map depicts general areas where a
desired outcome is sought. Application of the strategies to adjacent parcels is appropriate if that action
contributes to the desired outcome of the Strategic Area commensurate with costs and impacts.
Corridor improvement Program -Included within the Strategic Policy Areas is the Corridor Improvement
Program. This program applies to the Mount Vernon, E-Street, Baseline, and Highland Strategic Areas, which
all share similar issues as well as solutions, Each corridor is characterized by a pattern of strip commercial,
vacant or underutilized parcels, dilapidated structures, and uncoordinated aesthetics and signage. In
addition, the majority of lots along the corridors are relatively small with individual ownership. This makes
significant redevelopment more complicated and requires participation from a multitude of individuals to
realize change. Another significant hurdle is the perception that commercial property is more valuable. While
this may be true in certain instances, the existing pattern and quality of strip commercial uses along these
corridors is not proving to be viable and the City has determined that a change is necessary..
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-9
3.
Project Description
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July 2005
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3, Project Description
Neighborhood Improvement Program - Many areas of the City do not require land use changes but
enhancements and improvements, The proposed Neighborhood Improvement Program offers a system of
programs and incentives that are intended to stimulate redevelopment of local neighborhoods. In this
system, neighborhoods are ranked in terms of physical and social stability and City efforts are focused
according to that need. For instance, a stabilized neighborhood needs few focused programs and efforts
whereas a neighborhood in decline needs a much more concerted effort from all City departments.
3.3.2 Proposed General Plan Land Use
The General Plan Land Use Map (Figure 3.3-2) depicts the proposed distribution of land uses at a parcel
specific level for the entire City and Sphere of Influence, The 33 land use designations shown on this map
contain specific allowable uses and development standards for each land use category, A definition of each
land use category shown on the Land Use Map, the allowable uses, and related policies are contained in
Table LU-2, in Chapter 2 of the proposed General Plan, Land use designations are provided to define the
amount, type, and nature of development that is allowed in a given location on the Land Use Plan,
There is little difference between the existing and proposed General Plan land use maps. The vast majority of
the proposed changes reflect projects approved since the adoption of the existing General Plan, clean-up
items, and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. There are 8 areas of the City where the land use design-
nations in the proposed General Plan differ from the existing General Plan. In total, these eight areas account
for 3,314.7 acres. Arrowhead Springs accounts for 1,916 acres of the changes between the existing and
proposed General Plans. Most of the remaining land use changes are corrections or updates to reflect
actions taken or projects approved since adoption of the existing General Plan. Changes to the existing
General Plan are detailed in Section 5.8, Land Use and Planning.
~
Except for Arrowhead Springs, no areas within the Sphere of Influence are proposed to be pre-zoned in
conjunction with this General Plan update. The land use designations in the SOl are not proposed to change
from the existing General Plan except for the Martin Ranch and Arrowhead Springs areas,
Proposed General Plan Build-out
It is impossible to know with any level of certainty the actual number of units, population, square footage, or
jobs that will eventually be created in the City, Accordingly, the build-out of the proposed General Plan is
projected using a set of assumptions based upon the land use category and theoretical build-out (units,
population, square footage, jobs) for each land use category. Key among these is the assumption that both
residential and non-residential development (e.g., commercial, office, industrial) will not occur at the
maximum level, but at a level that is typical for San Bernardino and that accounts for parking, streets,
setbacks, and easements.
The typical build-out levels were determined by analyzing the density of several recent approvals and aerial
photographs and comparing them to the maximum allowable densities. Most development over an acre did
not achieve the maximum allowable under the land use categories; in fact, most were far below the
maximum levels, Accordingly, an average range was used to set a realistic build-out factor for residential,
commercial, and industrial uses.
Dwelling unit projections were estimated by multiplying the number of acres by the maximum density for
each land use designation. This result was then reduced by the typical build-out factor (85 percent), Building
square footage for the non-residential land use designations were calculated by multiplying the acres for
each land use designation by the maximum FAR. This result was then reduced by the typical build-out factor
(60 percent for commercial land uses and 70 percent for industrial land uses). These adjustments account
for the fact that build-out, on average, typically occurs at less than the maximum density.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 3-13
3, Project Description
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Page 3-14 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3, Project Description
The City's total planning area encompasses 45,231 acres, or approximately 71 square miles. This includes
38,402 acres, or 60 square miles, of incorporated City and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincor-
porated lands within the City's SOil. The General Plan update proposes 18,599 total acres of residential land
uses, 10,060 total acres of business related land uses, 3,418 acres of public/quasi-public land uses, and
3,110 acres of open space land use (parks or permanent open space), The City's planning area would also
include 10,044 acres devoted to flood control facilities, road rights-of-way, and railroad rights-of-way.
Assuming build-out of the plan at the adjusted level, the land use plan would accommodate a total of 95,664
total units, which would include 82,714 dwelling units in the incorporated City and 12,950 dwelling units in
the City's sphere of influence. Based on a factor of 3,34Q2 persons per household, the projected population
at build-out for the entire planning area would be approximately 319,241 people, which includes 276,264
persons in the City and 42,976 persons in the City's sphere of influence.
Within the total planning area (incorporated plus SOl), the land use plan also provides for a total of 3,995
acres of commercial and office uses, including 257 acres of mixed use development (accommodates a mix
of commercial, office, and higher density residential development), and 6,065 acres of light and general
industrial uses. At build out, the land use plan for the total planning area could generate approximately
355,629 jobs using the adjusted intensity factors (FARs). Build-out statistics are shown in Tables 3.3-1 and
3.3-2 that follow,
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I Rounding accounts for the one acre difference when incorporated and SOl acreage are added.
2 Based on Department of Finance, City/County Population and Housing Estimates (1/1/2004),
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-17
3, Project Description
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3, Project Description
Table 3.3-3 provides a comparison of the land use statistical summaries for the proposed and existing
General Plans. The primary differences from the existing land use plan include the addition of the Open
Space (OS) land use designation, Arrowhead Springs, and shifts in designations as detailed in Chapter 5,
Land Use and Planning,
1,107.6 2.4% 792,91 1.8%
5,681.2 12.6% 7,044,35 16,2%
68,0 0.2% 83.05 0,2%
8,152.8 18.0% 8,184.75 18.8%
15,009.6 33,2% 16,105.06 36.9%
1,724.9 3.8% 1,736.18 4.0%
1,387.4 3.1% 1,324.45 3,0%
331.0 0.7% 326.79 0.7%
19.5 0.0% 1.86 0,0%
126.9 0.3% 181.65 0.4%
Subtotal Multi-Famil . Residential 3,589.7 7.9% 3,570.93 8.2%
Subtotal all Residential 18,599.3 41,1% 19,675.99 45,1%
447,9 1.0% 454.11 1.0%
1,907.3 4.2% 1,638.86 3.8%
53.8 0.1% 248.56 0.6%
66.0 0.1% 68,1 0.2%
123.9 0.3% 123.88 0.3%
28.5 0.1% 28.51 0.1%
12.2 0.0% 12.15 0.0%
78.9 0.2% 123,01 0.3%
256.7 0.6% 153.58 0.4%
567.3 1.3% 567.69 1.3%
46.2 0,1% 46.21 0.1%
406,3 0.9% 409.32 0,9%
Subtotal Commercial 3,994.8 8.8% 3,873,98 8.9%
523.6 1.2% 244.17 0.6%
2,587.2 5.7% 4,264.2 9.8%
1,182.1 2.6% 1,200.88 2.8%
1,729.4 3.8% 1,769.37 4.1%
31.3 0.1% 31.28 0.1%
11.7 0.0% 11.69 0.0%
Subtotal Industrial 6,065,3 13.4% 7521.59 17,3%
Subtotal all Business Related Designations 10,060,2 22.2% 11,395,57 26,1%
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-23
3. Project Description
Table 3.3-3
Comparison of Proposed and Existing
General Plan Land Use Distribution
Pro osed General Plan
Acres % of Total
3.3.3 University District Specific Plan
The growth and development of California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) and City have occurred
independently and subsequently they are not physically integrated. However, CSUSB represents a major
opportunity to help improve the City's image and the City can capitalize upon the presence of the University
and use it as a catalyst to improve the surrounding community. The purpose ofthe University District Specific
Plan is to guide the integration of CSUSB with the surrounding community and the City as a whole.
The University District Specific Plan focuses on the aesthetic treatment of the public rights-of-way and other
programs designed to create an identifiable district surrounding the University. The Specific Plan includes
design guidelines addressing the treatment of landscaping, signage, banners, gateways, and pedestrian/
bicycle connections. The Specific Plan also addresses potential name changes to street and public facilities
to reflect the presence of the University and continued cooperation with CSUSB.
There are no unique land uses or circulation system changes or developments proposed as a part of the
University District Specific Plan. The Specific Plan reflects mixed use developments in the area. The Land
Use plan contained in the University District Specific Plan simply reflects the General Plan Land Use map and
land use designations and is included in the build-out statistics documented in the previous tables (see
Figure 3.3-3).
Page 3-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3, Project Description
University District Specific Plan
CJ RL(3.1 c1l1/ac)
I=:J RS (4,5 dll/ac)
[:=J RlJ (9 c1l1/ac)
II:=] RM ( 14 dll/ac)
.. RMH (24 c1u/ac)
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Wedding
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Facility
UNIVERSITY LINKAGES
-Linkage may be a pedestrian/bicycle connection only
or a vehicular and pedestrianlbicycle connection. A vehicular
roadway would be 2-lane, rural roadway (no curbs or gutter).
-Convenient connection to university
'Protect neighborhood and high end housing
,Utilize traffic calming measures to route traffic to Kendall Ave.
UNIVERSITY PARK
'Officesffech Park
'Retial
'Residential
MULTI-PURPOSE OPEN SPACE (DEVIL'S CANYON)
Accommodates the existing open space area and allows floodable
uses such as a golf course, botanic gardens, park and the
planting of mature trees such as Oaks and Sycamores.
...
,
CREATE CEREMONIAL ENTRANCE
AT UNIVERSITY PARKWAY
Incorporate enhancements such as public art,
banners, enhanced landscaping and signage.
Vcrdcmonl
Heights
Paradise ijills
Specific Plan
VILLAGE
Commercial and Student Housing
-
II
PEDESTRIAN LINKAGES
Create connectivity between University and
adjacent neighborhoods
ENHANCED CORRIDOR TREATMENTS
Pedestrian walkways, public art,
customized signage along landscaped areas
I - ,I Landscape/Strcctscape Improvements
B Major Roadways
E:3 Proposed Roadways
I~ _ ~I Pedestrian Linkages
ern Gateways/Directional Signage
D University District
(!j(IJ
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 3,3-3
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3 ' Project Description
3.3.4 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan provides the framework for the use and development of a mixed use
community in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area
consists of 1 ,916 acres that are partially within and partially outside of the City of San Bernardino
jurisdictional boundaries. Three hundred sixty-eight acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are
currently located in the incorporated City and the remaining 1 ,548 acres are located in unincorporated
County of San Bernardino but within the sphere of influence of the City. Included as part of this project, is the
annexation of the 1,548 acres into the City of San Bernardino. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would
dictate the zoning designations, development standards, and design guidelines for this plan area. Upon
annexation, the areas currently designated as State Responsibility for wildland fire protection would be
transferred to the City and the State would no longer have financial responsibility in these areas.
3.3.4.1
General Development Concept
The developable area would be clustered into 506 acres near existing development which would be
surrounded by 1,400 acres of open space and watershed, which comprise 73 percent of the site. The
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would accommodate the following main features:
. The reuse of the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and development of a new 115 room annex to the
hotel
. A new 25,000 square foot earth-sheltered conference center extending to the south of the historic
hotel
. Reuse and expansion of the historic Arrowhead Springs spa/resort
. A new 300-room hotel
· 250,000 square feet of new professional office space
· 200,000 square feet of new commercial space
. 1,350 single-family detached and multi-family residential units
. 18-hole public golf course
. Multi-purpose open space
These proposed land uses are shown on Figure 3,3-4. In order to accomplish this plan some of the existing
facilities would be demolished and others would be retained and restored. The existing facilities contain
approximately 320,606 square feet of space of which 84,610 square feet would be demolished, The facilities
to be demolished are primarily maintenance buildings, small, modular steel office buildings and a couple of
the residential bungalows. Table 3.3-4 provides a statistical analysis of the proposed Specific Plan. The
Specific Plan would preserve 235,996 square feet of existing non-residential space and develop 808,650
square feet of new non-residential space. These non-residential uses could result in approximately 2,530
new jobs.
Multi-use open space has been incorporated into the Specific Plan because of the unique opportunities the
site has to offer, Fourteen hundred acres have been established as open space in the Specific Plan. Active
recreation amenities in the developed area would include lighted tennis courts, Olympic sized swimming
pool, lawn bowling or bocci, golf and trails for equestrian, hiking and mountain biking activities, Several trails
would continue into the large open space area to the east of the main development area along existing fire
roads. In addition to passive recreation activities like bird-watching and wildlife observation, the plan would
provide for features such as botanical gardens, ornamental parks, thermal pools, natural waterfalls, steams
caves, mineral pools, mud-baths and outdoor entertainment. A total of 21,0 acres would be developed as
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-27
3, Project Description
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 3-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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parks including 13.9 acres for a botanical garden near Lake Vonette and 7.1 acres for neighborhood parks.
The park area is based on the General Plan requirement of 5 acres per 1,000 population. The population is
projected to be approximately 4,233. In addition to the park land, 1,400 acres wound be set aside as open
space. A fuel modification buffer (zone) approximately 100 feet wide would be established where indicated
on Figure 3.3-4 that may be planted as vineyards or orchards and that is included in the open space
calculations. This fuel modification zone would alter up to 27.5 acres of vegetation of the open space land
use at the edge of the developed areas.
3.3.4.2
Circulation Plan
I
I
Currently the Arrowhead Springs area has a single point of access from State Road 18 (SR18). To accom-
modate the increase in traffic from the proposed development of Arrowhead Springs, a new circulation plan
has been developed that includes a combination of secondary arterial roads, collector roads, local streets
and a new second access road connecting to 40th Street, south of the property. This additional access road
into the property, to be named Village Parkway, would take advantage of the alignment of an existing access
road developed by the Metropolitan Water District for the Inland Feeder project. The proposed Circulation
Plan can be seen in Figure 3.3-5. The secondary arterials would consist of four lanes of travel and would
have a curb-to-curb width that varies from 48 feet to 56 feet. The collector roads would have two travel lanes
and a curb-to-curb width of 28 feet. Local streets would have two travel lanes and a curb-to-curb width
between 32 feet and 40 feet including parking on one or both sides. Some of these roadways may require
additional right-of-way to accommodate landscaping, sidewalks, etc. Portions of the existing road system
would be removed or upgraded and new roadway segments would be built. New or improved bridges would
be used to span the major drainages. In some locations new or upgraded culverts would be used where
roadways cross drainages. The Circulation Plan has been developed to take advantage of existing road
alignments where possible.
I
I
As part of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, a portion of Harrison Street would be improved and
expanded to 4-lanes between 40th Street and Lynwood Drive/30th Street to improve the long-term circulation
system for the City and for Arrowhead Springs. The new roadway would be known as Harrison Parkway. The
portion of Harrison Street south of Lynwood would remain the same and retain the same street name of
Harrison Street.
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3.3.4.3
Infrastructure
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Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would require grading within the 506 acres
designated for development on the Land Use Plan. Approximately 7,000,000 cubic yards of earth would be
cut from slopes and used as fill on-site to establish a base grade for development pad sites. An additional
1,000,000 cubic yards of earth may be moved to remediate landslide areas, The conceptual grading plan is
shown in Figure 3.3-6. A public golf course is planned along either or both sides of a long portion of West
Twin Creek in Waterman Canyon. The exact location of the main channel of West Twin Creek has not been
determined but the best available mapping indicates it is located where shown on Figure 3.3-6. All natural
stream courses would be avoided where ever feasible; however, development of the golf course may
substantially encroach into and/or alter the main channel of the West Twin Creek and potentially several
tributary drainages. The hydrologic and wetland function of these drainages would be restored in the
approximate location indicated in Figure 3.3-6. The fairways of the golf course would be designed and
graded to function as over-flow basins as part of a flood control mechanism for West Twin Creek, which has
a history of severe flooding. Habitable structures would be placed a minimum of 100 feet from the 100-year
flood mark or 5 feet above the 1 OO-year flood mark. Other smaller drainages may be affected by the grading
plan for the development in order to establish other infrastructure features, such as roads. However, the
general intent of the development plan is to avoid the major drainages through the use of bridges.
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Page 3-32 . The Planning Center
Jtdy 2005
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3. Project Description
Table 3.3-4
Arrowhead Springs Land Use Plan Statistical Analysis
I Max. Non-
Max. Residential Estimaled
Designation Subarea 1 Acres Units (SF) Population 1 & 2
Residential Areas
Residential Low (RL) Golf Course Residential North 25 24 80
Golf Course Residential South 8.8 12 40
Residential Medium-Detached Golf Course Residential North 54 429 1,433
Village (RM-DV)
Residential Medium-Attached Hilltown Residential 46.3 285 952
Village (RM-A V)
Hilltown Chapel (Existing) Part of 46.3 1,500
Residential Medium-Attached Village Walk Residential 21 266 888
Village (RM-A V)
Residential Medium-Senior Golf Course Residential South 22 300 726
Village (RM-SVl 3
Subtotal 177.1 1,316 1,500 4,119
I Commercial/Otfice Areas
4
Commercial Regional (CR-2) Village Walk Commercial 46 34 200,000 114
300 Room Hotel 17 200,000
Corporate Office 14 250,000
Commercial General-Windy Windy Point 5 20.000
Point (CG- l-WP)
Commercial General- Historic Hotel (Existing) 25 153,938
Hotel/Spa Resorts (CG- 1- Hotel Annex Part of 25 75,000
HIS)
Conference Center Part of 25 25,000
Bungalows (8 Existing) Part of 25 15,955
Spa Resort (Existing) 22 61,936
Spa/Resort Part of 22 8,600
Commercial General- 1 (CG-l) Hilltown Shops .7 8,000
Hilltown Spring Home (Existing Part of.7 2,667
I Meeting Center)
Subtotal 129.7 34 1,021,096 114
GolI Course
Public/Commercial 18-hole Public Golf Course 199 22,050
Recreation (PCR)
Subtotal 199 22,050
Other
Public Facility (PF) Metropolitan Water District 10.2
Open Space-Watershed (OS- 1,400
W)
Subtotal 1,410.2
Totals
..
-
---- - _ _...-.,- -- - - --- - , ~ - 1,35'0- '1:'044,646 l'iIj._....I'ii'~
Grand Total 1,916 4,233
Total Existing Building Area 235.996
Total New Building Area 808,650
1 Population derived from the Department of Finance (1/1/04), which utilized 3,340 persons per unit.
2 In the Senior Village (RM-SV). it is assumed that 150 units will be restricted to seniors (1.5 persons per unit) and 150 units will not be age restricted
(3,340 persons per unit),
Source: American Development Group
General Pla~l VIJdate and Associated SIJecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 3 -31
3. Project Description
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parks including 13.9 acres for a botanical garden near Lake Vonette and 7.1 acres for neighborhood parks.
The park area is based on the General Plan requirement of 5 acres per 1,000 population. The population is
projected to be approximately 4,233. In addition to the park land, 1,400 acres wound be set aside as open
space, A fuel modification buffer (zone) approximately 100 feet wide would be established where indicated
on Figure 3.3-4 that may be planted as vineyards or orchards and that is included in the open space
calculations. This fuel modification zone would alter up to 27.5 acres of vegetation of the open space land
use at the edge of the developed areas.
3.3.4.2
Circulation Plan
I
I
Currently the Arrowhead Springs area has a single point of access from State Road 18 (SR18). To accom-
modate the increase in traffic from the proposed development of Arrowhead Springs, a new circulation plan
has been developed that includes a combination of secondary arterial roads, collector roads, local streets
and a new second access road connecting to 40th Street, south of the property. This additional access road
into the property, to be named Village Parkway, would take advantage of the alignment of an existing access
road developed by the Metropolitan Water District for the Inland Feeder project. The proposed Circulation
Plan can be seen in Figure 3.3-5. The secondary arterials would consist of four lanes of travel and would
have a curb-to-curb width that varies from 48 feet to 56 feet. The collector roads would have two travel lanes
and a curb-to-curb width of 28 feet. Local streets would have two travel lanes and a curb-to-curb width
between 32 feet and 40 feet including parking on one or both sides. Some of these roadways may require
additional right-of-way to accommodate landscaping, sidewalks, etc. Portions of the existing road system
would be removed or upgraded and new roadway segments would be built. New or improved bridges would
be used to span the major drainages. In some locations new or upgraded culverts would be used where
roadways cross drainages. The Circulation Plan has been developed to take advantage of existing road
alignments where possible.
I
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I
As part of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, a portion of Harrison Street would be improved and
expanded to 4-lanes between 40th Street and Lynwood Drive/30th Street to improve the long-term circulation
system for the City and for Arrowhead Springs. The new roadway would be known as Harrison Parkway. The
portion of Harrison Street south of Lynwood would remain the same and retain the same street name of
Harrison Street.
I
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3.3.4.3
Infrastructure
I
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Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would require grading within the 506 acres
designated for development on the Land Use Plan. Approximately 7,000,000 cubic yards of earth would be
cut from slopes and used as fill on-site to establish a base grade for development pad sites. An additional
1,000,000 cubic yards of earth may be moved to remediate landslide areas. The conceptual grading plan is
shown in Figure 3.3-6. A public golf course is planned along either or both sides of a long portion of West
Twin Creek in Waterman Canyon. The exact location of the main channel of West Twin Creek has not been
determined but the best available mapping indicates it is located where shown on Figure 3.3-6, All natural
stream courses would be avoided where ever feasible; however, development of the golf course may
substantially encroach into and/or alter the main channel of the West Twin Creek and potentially several
tributary drainages. The hydrologic and wetland function of these drainages would be restored in the
approximate location indicated in Figure 3.3-6. The fairways of the golf course would be designed and
graded to function as over-flow basins as part of a flood control mechanism for West Twin Creek, which has
a history of severe flooding. Habitable structures would be placed a minimum of 100 feet from the 100-year
flood mark or 5 feet above the 1 OO-year flood mark. Other smaller drainages may be affected by the grading
plan for the development in order to establish other infrastructure features, such as roads. However, the
general intent of the development plan is to avoid the major drainages through the use of bridges.
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Page 3-32 . The Planning Center
J//ly 2005
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Project Description
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 3-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3, Project Description
Arrowhead SPrings Conceptual Grading Plan
-../J /\ .f .~, -' -~. ',~~,~I~,,\
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Source: Transtech
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
NOT TO SCALE
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The Planning Center · Figure 3.3-6
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3. Project Description
The Arrowhead Springs development proposes to install a complete infrastructure system that would include
provision and distribution of domestic water and irrigation water, wastewater treatment and collection, storm
water collection, and utility systems that are designed to serve the development within Arrowhead Springs
and connect, where appropriate, to the regional/local systems. Arrowhead Water & Power (AWP), a Cali-
fornia limited liability company was formed to be the primary utility company for the development and may
provide all or some of the following services: electric service; heating and cooling, natural gas, telephone, IT
(information technology), drinking and irrigation water, sewer treatment, security, metering of all utilities,
billing, and customer service. The following is a summary of the proposed major infrastructure features of the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
It should be noted that major components of the infrastructure system would cross East or West Twin Creeks
where necessary under bridges or otherwise above ground. A detailed description of each of the major
components can be found in Appendix J,
Water
A new domestic water distribution system and a separate irrigation water distribution system would be
installed to specifically accommodate just the Arrowhead Springs development. The domestic water system
would be used primarily for drinking water and irrigation of lawns in residential areas. The secondary
irrigation system would be developed to irrigate non-residential areas such as the golf course and parks. The
design of the domestic water system has been designed to provide adequate water service during the peak
hour of the maximum day or during the maximum day plus fire. suppression flows, The demand for domestic
water is expected to vary between 1,993 acre-feet per year and 2,154 acre-feet per year depending upon
weather, The domestic water distribution system would require multiple water pressure zones to accom-
modate the changing topography in the service area. A series of four aboveground reservoirs (steel welded
tanks) would be required, as well as four booster stations, Pressure regulators would be needed to operate
the system and two surface water treatment plants with a capacity of 0,5 million gallons per day (MGD) and
1.0 MGD. The reservoirs would maintain a capacity of water for fire suppression, daily operational need and
emergency supplies. The treatment process would generate a small quantity of "backwash" or drain water
that would be captured in tanks and allowed to evaporate, The domestic water reservoirs would vary in size
between 500,000 gallons of capacity to 3,200,000 gallons of capacity and are expected to vary in dimension
from up to 50 feet in height and up to 200 feet in diameter, The conceptual domestic water distribution
system is shown in Figure 3.3-7. Pipelines would range in size from 8 inches to 18 inches. Some reservoirs
would be located outside the conceptual grading footprint identified in Figure 3.3-6 and would require a
small access road for maintenance, The reservoirs would be designed to avoid inundation of nearby
neighborhoods in the event of failure through the use of an outer "safety" tank with a two-day holding capa-
city, These tanks would be located such that they would not be visible from nearby of residential areas where
practical. All domestic water system facilities would be designed and constructed in accordance with the
applicable standards and meet the approval of the Public Works Department of the City of San Bernardino.
The water distribution system would be developed in conjunction with the roadway improvements and
contained within the road right-of-way where ever possible.
A separate irrigation system would be developed to irrigate the golf course, parks, selected open space,
streetscapes and fuel modification zone. The irrigation system would rely in part on recycled water from the
wastewater treatment plant (discussed below) that has been appropriately treated, stream flows on the
property, on-site wells and new wells in the Bunker Hill (groundwater) Sub-basin, also discussed below.
Water would be diverted from the stream flows and would be allowed to settle or be filtered and then would
be mixed with the recycled water and any supplemented well water. Water from the various sources would
be collected and stored in a series of ponds or open reservoirs that have been lined with a sealant and/or
above ground tanks. Booster stations would also be required in selected locations, Figure 3,3-8 illustrates
the irrigation water system. Pipelines for irrigation water would be located in a utility easement within the
right-of-way of existing or proposed roadways wherever possible. The pipelines carrying recycled water
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-37
3,
Project Description
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July 2005
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3, Project Description
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Arrowhead Springs Conceptual
lfater Distribution System
I
State Route 18
(To CresUine, Lake
Arrowhead, Big Bear)
I
Zone VIII-VII Reservoir
Bottom Elev, = 2810'
Capacity = 0,50 MG
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Pressure Regulator
Booster Station
Zone I~II Reservoir
Bottom Elev, = 1790'
Capacity = 0.75 MG
I
Arrowhead
Road
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40th Street
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From Off-Site Wells
I
Source: American Development Group
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
NOT TO SCALE
[!]
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The Planning Center · Figure 3,3-7
3.
Project Description
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 3-40 . The Planning Center
JIIly 2005
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would be colored purple as required by the California Department of Health Services. The average annual
demand for irrigation water would be approximately 2,042 acre-feet.
Water Sources
The Del Rosa Mutual Water Company would provide domestic water and the West Twin Creek Mutual Water
Company would provide water for irrigation water (see Appendix I for complete details), Both water
companies have long standing water rights in East and West Twin Creeks that were declared as appro-
priations prior to the December 19, 1914, State Water Commission Act that established appropriation of
surface waters. The Del Rosa Mutual Water Company primarily would receive water from the East Twin Creek
watershed which includes Strawberry Creek. In the past, drinking water for the Arrowhead Springs Resort
was conveyed from an off-site diversion in East Twin Creek in Goldwater Canyon by a O,13-mile-long pipeline
over U,S. Forest Service property, A Special Use Permit was previously obtained for this purpose. This water
was discontinued as a source of drinking water but has since been used for irrigation purposes. The water
diversion and conveyance pipeline would be upgraded to State Health Department standards and water
from this source would be delivered to an on-site treatment facility and reservoirs to serve as a primary
source of drinking water for the development. Improvements to the off-site pipeline and diversion may
require additional environmental review by the Forest Service, Records show that there is a continuous flow
of 0,5 million gallons per day (mgd) annuaUy from this source accumulating to 536 acre-feet per year. An
additional source of drinking water for the Del Rosa Mutual Water Company would be from an intake on
Strawberry Creek near its the junction with East Twin Creek within the property boundaries. A new pipeline
would convey water from this source to a treatment facility on-site, It is estimated that an average of 1,059
acre-feet of water can be obtained from Strawberry Creek annually with a maximum flow rate at the diversion
of 1.0 million gallons per day (mgd).
In years of low stream flow it could be necessary for both of the water companies to obtain supplemental
water supplies from the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (SBVMWD). The existing service area
for the Del Rosa Mutual Water Company is also within the SBVMWD. In years of high water flow in the East
Twin Creek watershed, water not captured by the domestic water system would be allowed to flow
unimpeded to the San Bernardino County Flood Control Settling Basin to the south of the project area for
percolation in the basin. This water would be metered to determine quantity and remain under the ownership
ofthe Del Rosa Mutual Water Company for extraction by wells to supplement stream flow when needed. Two
vertical wells would be constructed off-site (in the vicinity of Harrison Street) connecting to the water delivery
system to retrieve the supplemental water from this source. The property required for these well sites may
not be contiguous with the Arrowhead Springs property; however appropriate easements to connect the
pipelines to the domestic and irrigation water systems would be obtained. The amount of supplemental
water required for domestic purposes would vary but in an average year could be 1,065 acre-feet.
The recycled waste water from the wastewater treatment plant could satisfy approximately 997 acre-feet of
the average annual demand of 2,042 acre-feet per year of irrigation water when the project is fully developed.
The remaining sources of water to satisfy the demand for irrigation would come from an intake on West Twin
Creek via the West Twin Creek Mutual Water Company, an existing well on-site (steam cave well) and the
wells in the San Bernardino Basin in years of low flow, as discussed above. At full build-out, the average
amount of water needed from the wells in the basin for irrigation would be approximately 650 acre-feet with
an average of 600 acre-feet diverted from West Twin Creek. The steam cave well is expected to contribute
approximately 13 acre-feet of water for irrigation, The full amount of recycled water would not be available
initially and in the event of a low water year the maximum amount of supplemental water needed from the
basin could be higher.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-43
-
3, Project Description
Waste Water Treatment and Collection
A new wastewater treatment facility and waste water collection system would be constructed on-site to
specifically accommodate the proposed development. This service would be provided by the Del Rosa
Water Company, The existing permitted treatment system, which is an Imhoff Tank style system, is not
adequate to handle the planned development and would be dismantled and properly disposed. The new
waste water treatment system would use a micro-filtrate membrane bioreactor process and be designed to
handle 0,90 million gallons a day (mgd) in a completely enclosed facility providing odor control. It would be
approximately 20 feet x 20 feet in size on approximately 0.2 acre of land in the southerly portion of the
property, The treatment plant would have a redundancy system in the event of equipment failure and
standby generator(s) for power failure, Details of the treatment process can be found in Appendix J,
Wastewater would be re-cycled for spray irrigation according the Federal and State regulations, which place
requirements on use of wastewater effluent for irrigation in close proximity of human contact and habitation.
Therefore, tertiary treatment of wastewater would be conducted that has been adequately disinfected,
oxidized, coagulated, clarified and filtered, Open (lined) ponds throughout the golf course area would be
used for required 30 day storage of treated effluent during wet weather until it can be used for irrigation, It
has been estimated that approximately 977 acre-feet of recycled water would be produced by the
wastewater treatment plant. Sludge from the treatment plant would be dried by vacuum press or similar
process and tilled into landscape areas on the property with any excess removed from the site and either
sold for recycling as fertilizer or properly disposed in a solid waste land fill, The Santa Ana Regional Water
Quality Control Board is responsible for enforcing the regulations on wastewater treatment and re-use.
The wastewater collection system would consist of a combination of lateral, main and interceptor lines,
manholes and lift stations, when necessary. The conceptual plan for the wastewater collection system is
shown in Figure 3,3-9. Sewer lines would be constructed within paved roads where available and only within
easements when necessary to provide service to structures when sewers from streets are not practical. The
collection system would be constructed in phases as the development progresses, starting in the southerly
portion of the project area connecting to the treatment plant.
Storm Water Collection System
A new storm water collection system consisting of underground pipe or natural drainage courses would be
constructed to collect drainage from on-site impervious surfaces which would be routed through specially
designed catch basins, inlets, vaults, swales, filters, etc, for entrapment of sediment debris before discharge
to either East Twin or West Twin Creeks (see Figure 3.3-1 0), Energy dissipaters would be provided at storm
drain discharge points as necessary to control erosion. The collection system would be designed to prevent
runoff from areas irrigated with treated wastewater from discharging into streams where drinking water is
supplied.
Other Utilities
A number of existing utilities (see Figure 3.3-11, Property Easements) including overhead electrical lines and
water pipelines may have to be relocated, Where possible these utilities would be placed in new easements
established for utilities and along with new utilities such as natural gas, cable and communication equipment
be placed underground when appropriate.
3.3.4.4 Metropolitan Water District Project
Within the boundaries of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) has
been constructing a portion of the Inland Feeder, a project that was approved in 1993. The Inland Feeder is a
pipeline and tunnel water conveyance facility that extends from the existing State of California Department of
Water Resources (DWR) facility in Devil Canyon near Cal State San Bernardino to the junction of the
Page 3-44 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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Arrowhead SPrings Storm water Collection System
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
NOT TO SCALE
(!JfIl
The Planning Centel' . Figure 3.3-10
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------ 10 Arrowhead and P1AitanWater,1nc. pipeline
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJSOciated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 3.3-11
3.
Project DescriPtion
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 3-50 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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3, Project Description
Colorado River Aqueduct and the San Diego Canal. The buried pipeline enters the Arrowhead Springs
property via the west portal tunnel near the entrance to the Arrowhead Springs property on Old Waterman
Canyon Road, crosses West Twin Creek and continues southeast and south and eventually exits the
property to the east after crossing East Twin Creek (see Figure 3.3-11). The consequence of this project has
been the disruption the both creeks and removal of vegetation, each requiring mitigation, which have been
documented in the Draft Environmental Impact Report and subsequent Addendums. The development plans
for Arrowhead Springs have evolved since the mitigation measures for the MWD project were developed.
Restoration of streambeds and re-vegetation of disturbed areas will now be incorporated into the current
design for those areas,
3.3.4.5 Project Phasing
The major components of the infrastructure system including mass grading, on-site roads (except portions of
Village Parkway), wastewater treatment facilities, water distribution and treatment system, storm water
collection system and utilities would be completed in Phase I which is expected to take approximately two
years; Other improvements associated with the project such as improvements to Harrison Street (for the new
Harrison Parkway portion) and the completion of Village Parkway would be implemented according to a
schedule of increased vehicle trips as described in Section VII of the Specific Plan, Full development of the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is expected to take between five and ten years.
3.4 INTENDED USES OF THE EIR
This is a Program EIR which examines the environmental impacts of the proposed General Plan Update and
Associated SpecifiC Plans. This DEIR is also being prepared to address various actions by the City and
others to adopt and implement the General Plan and Specific Plans, It is the intent of the DEIR to enable the
City of San Bernardino, other responsible agencies, and interested parties to evaluate the environmental
impacts of the proposed project, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions with respect to the
requested entitlements. The anticipated approvals required for this project are as follows:
Responsible Agency Action
City Council of San Bernardino Adoption of the General Plan
City Council of San Bernardino Adoption by Resolution of the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan
City Council of San Bernardino Adoption of Section IV, Development Concept,
Section V, Development Standards, and Section
VIII, Administration (of the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan) by ordinance
Adoption of University District SpecifiC Plan by
resolution
Local Area Formation Commission (LAFCO) Pre-zone Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan as
"Specific Plan"
Local Area Formation Commission (LAFCO) Annexation of 1,548 acres of Arrowhead Springs
into the City of San Bernardino
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 3-51
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3,
Project Description
Responsible Agency Action
City San Bernardino Approval of tentative tract maps (Arrowhead
Springs)
.
U.S, Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 Permit (Arrowhead Springs)
California State Department of fish and Game Section 1600/1603 Permit (Arrowhead Springs)
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Section 402 Permit (Arrowhead Springs)
Board Wastewater Treatment Permit
California State Department of Health Drinking Water Permit (Arrowhead Springs)
Recycled Water Approval (Arrowhead Springs)
South Coast Regional Air Quality Control Board Wastewater Treatment Air Permit (Arrowhead
Springs)
Page 3-52 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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4. Environmental Setting
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to provide, pursuant to provisions of the California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) and the State CEQA Guidelines, a "description of the physical environmental conditions in
the vicinity of the project, as they exist at the time the notice of preparation is published, from both a
local and a regional perspective." The environmental setting will provide a set of baseline physical condi-
tions that will serve as a tool from which the lead agency will determine the significance of environmental
impacts resulting from the proposed project.
4.2 REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
4.2.1 Regional Location
The City of San Bernardino is located approximately 60 miles east of the City of Los Angeles, at the
southern base of the San Bernardino Mountains in the upper Santa Ana River Valley. This valley is
framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on the northeast and east, Blue Mountain and Box Springs
Mountain abutting the Cities of Loma Linda and Redlands to the south, and the San Gabriel Mountains
and the Jurupa Hills to the northwest and southwest, respectively. The City is surrounded by the National
Forest to the north, the Cities of Highland to the east, Redlands to the southeast, Loma Linda to the
South, Colton to the southwest, and Rialto to the west. Arrowhead Springs is located in the same region,
situated on the northern boundary of the City.
4.2.2 Regional Planning Considerations
~
4,2.2.1 Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is a council of governments representing
Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura Counties. SCAG is a regional
planning agency and serves as a forum for addressing regional issues concerning transportation, the
economy, community development and the environment. Policies and programs adopted by SCAG to
achieve regional objectives are expressed in its Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG). Some
of these polices are advisory in nature. SCAG also serves as the regional clearinghouse for projects
requiring environmental documentation under federal and state law. In this role, SCAG reviews proposed
development and infrastructure projects to analyze their impacts on regional planning programs.
4.3 LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
4.3.1 Location and Land Use
4.3.1,1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino is located in the south western portion of San Bernardino County, which is
surrounded by Los Angeles County, Orange County, Riverside County, Kern County, and Inyo County,
and the states of Nevada and Arizona. Major freeways traversing the City include the SR-259, SR-30,
SR-330, SR-18, 1-215, and 1-10 Freeways. The City of San Bernardino encompasses an area that
stretches from the 10 Freeway on the south to the Cajon Creek Wash and the San Bernardino Mountains
on the north, The City's total planning area, including the SOl is 45,231 acres, or 71 square miles, This
includes 38,402 acres, or 60 square miles, of incorporated territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles
of unincorporated lands.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 4-1
~
4. Environmental Setting
4.3.1.2 Arrowhead Springs
Three hundred sixty eight acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently located in the
incorporated City. The remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino.
The majority of the Arrowhead Springs property is currently undeveloped. As of 2005, the developed
portions of the property consisted of less than 200 acres and approximately 300,000 square feet of
buildings, including the historic 1939 hotel/spa resort, which consists of approximately 135 rooms, steam
caves, ten residential-styled bungalows, an historic swimming pool, tennis courts, outdoor theater,
meeting halls, and maintenance buildings.
4.3.2 Biological Resources
4.3.2.1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino is largely urbanized and is surrounded by other developed cities. The bio-
logical conditions in San Bernardino and throughout the region are highly modified from a pristine
environment, although some areas still retain significant biological resource value. Upland areas support
inland coastal sage brush scrub vegetation with a fauna typical of such habitats in southern California.
Alluvial fans and floodplains of the valley floor support distinctive scrub vegetation containing an assort-
ment of plant life characteristic of alluvial fan sage scrub, coastal sage, scrub, and chaparral
communities. Deep canyons support riparian and oak woodland habitats that provide a high quality
habitat for a diverse assemblage of large and small wildlife species. Broad canyons and mountain slopes
support mainly chaparral and woodland vegetation of relatively undisturbed nature. San Bernardino also
supports a wide variety of plant, and animal species within its boundaries and SOl.
4.3.2.2 Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs biological conditions have prior disturbances within the project site resulting
from the construction and use of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa, associated facilities, roads and
infrastructure. Outside the developed areas, plant communities support ruderal, mixed annual grassland
and scrub, chaparral, riparian woodlands, and lower montane coniferous forest. In addition to its diverse
natural communities, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area supports a wide variety of plant, tree, animal,
and fish species within its boundaries.
4.3.3 Climate and Air Quality
The City of San Bernardino and Arrowhead Springs are located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB).
The SCAB is a 6,600 square mile coastal plain bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the San
Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east. The SCAB includes all of the
non-desert portions of San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Riverside counties and all of Orange County. Basin-
wide conditions are characterized as warm summers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall, moderate onshore
daytime breezes and moderate humidity. The yearly average temperature in the City of San Bernardino
is 65.90F', the average low is reported at 39.40F in December/January, and the average high is 96.60F in
July. The average rainfall is 16.7 inches, with occasional summer thundershowers.
All seasons generally exhibit onshore flows during the day and offshore flows at night, after the land
cools below the temperature of the ocean. The likelihood of strong offshore flows, including Santa Ana
winds is greater during winter than summer.
, Western Regional Climate Center. City of San Bernardino. Obtained March, 2005 from http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-
bin/cIiMAIN.pl?casanb
Page 4-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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The topography and climate of Southern California combine to produce unhealthful air quality in the
South Coast Air Basin. Low temperature inversion, light winds, shallow vertical mixing, moist semi-~rid
climate, and extensive sunlight, in conjunction with a shallow marine layer that hinder horizontal And
vertical dispersion of air pollutants, combine to create degraded quality.
4.3.4 Geology and Landform
4.3.4.1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino lies on a gently sloping lowland located at the southwest margin of the San
Bernardino Mountains. The area was primarily formed by alluvial sediments eroded from bedrock in the
adjacent mountains and washed by rivers and creeks into the valley region. Sedimentary formations
underlying the City are comprised of accumulated layers of gravel, sand, sandy silt, silt, clay, and
conglomerates from the younger Holocene to late Mesozoic age. Many varieties of soils underlying the
city are subject to soil-slip susceptibility and wind and water erosion.
There are two major fault systems that run within the City of San Bernardino; the San Andreas Fault
system and the San Jacinto fault system. The San Andreas Fault system, including the north and south
branches, forms the dominant fault feature in the City of San Bernardino area. The San Jacinto fault
system includes the Glen Helen, San Jacinto, and Loma Linda Faults in the City of San Bernardino.
4.3.4.2 Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area can generally be described as hilly marked with sharp terrain,
valleys, and inaccessible steep slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains. Ridges are underlain by either
Potato Formation or by granitic-metamorphic complex. Within areas of the upper plateau and ridges,
near the south, the subgrade soils are comprised of moderately dense, deeply weathered gravely sand
with some silts.
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4.3.5 Hydrology
4.3.5.1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino is located within the Santa Ana River Basin (Region 8). The Santa Ana River
is the major drainage system in the City. The river originates in the San Bernardino Mountains, traveling
in a southwesterly direction to the sea at the Huntington Beach/Newport Beach city boundary. The Santa
Ana River has a number of tributaries in the vicinity of San Bernardino that contribute flow to the main
stem of the river including Lytle Creek, Waterman Canyon, Warm Creek, and East and West Twin Creek.
The east branch of the California Aqueduct traverses the northwestern portion of the City. The City is
located within the Bunker Hill Groundwater Basin and receives over 60 percent of its recharge from the
Santa Ana River, Mill Creek, and Lytle Creek.
4.3.5.2 Arrowhead Springs
Arrowhead Springs is located within the Waterman Canyon and East Twin Creek watersheds. There are
three primary water courses that flow through the Arrowhead Springs property. The East Twin Creek,
Strawberry Creek, and West Twin Creek that flows through Waterman Canyon compose the major
waterways. Natural springs and geothermal springs occur throughout the area.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 4-3
4. Environmental Setting
4.3.6 Noise
4.3.6.1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino is located in a transportation hub containing several major State Routes and
Interstates (SR-18, SR-30, SE-330, SR-66, 1-10, and 1-215), major arterials, railways, and the San
Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center that are the major contributors of noise. The General
Plan area consists of industrial, commercial, business office, residential and hotel and retail land uses
that are not generally considered to be noise sensitive. Noise sources include state highways, arterials,
railroad, and aircraft overflights.
Temporary construction noise is generally high-level, short-duration noise, generated from heavy con-
struction equipment and excavation and grading activities. Long term noise sources result predominately
from automobiles, trucks, and railroad stations. Railroad operations serve as a prevalent source of noise
depending on the volume of train traffic each lines represents. Trains travel on three different Southern
Pacific Transportation Company (SPTC) rail lines; the Cajon Pass Line, the Main Line-Redlands, and the
Main Line-Colton. In addition, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company also operate three
rail lines within the City; the Santa Fe Subdivision Two Line, the Santa Fe Subdivision Three Line, and the
Santa Fe Cajon Pass Line.
4.3.6.2 Arrowhead Springs
Temporary construction noise is from the MWD tunnel for the Inland Feeder Project and Noise levels
from SR-18 Freeway.
4.3.7 Scenic Features
4.3.7.1 San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino contains gradually sloping topography and is primarily urban in character.
The low-lying valley is framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on the northeast and east, Blue
Mountain and Box Springs Mountain to the south, and the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to
the northwest and southwest, respectively. The San Bernardino Mountains, to the north of the City of San
Bernardino, climb to an elevation of 4,237 feet above mean sea level (msl) at Arrowhead Peak while the
low lying valley is located at an elevation of approximately 1,000 feet above msl slowly rising toward the
San Bernardino Mountains to the north. Although much of the character of San Bernardino can be
derived from its unique setting adjacent to the San Bernardino Mountains, unique geothermal resources,
and central location in the San Bernardino Valley, the City of San Bernardino also obtains much of its
character from its distinct neighborhoods. Rivers, creeks, and washes and their unique natural biological
communities that transverse the city, including the Santa Ana River, East and West Twin Creeks, Warm
Creek, Cajon Creek, and Lytle Creek also add to the visual setting of the city.
There are no designated State Scenic Highways located within the City of San Bernardino or SOl areas,
Highway 18, which travels through the San Bernardino Mountains past the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan area is an eligible state scenic highway.
4.3.7.2 Arrowhead Springs
Arrowhead Springs shares much of the same visual character as the City of San Bernardino; however,
being adjacent to the San Bernardino National Forest provides for vast areas of open space, buffering
the small community from urban areas of the City of San Bernardino. The foreground of the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area is comprised of historic structures, such as the Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
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4. Environmental Setting
Arrowhead Springs is named after its unique geologic formation that resembles an arrowhead, located
on the slopes above the hotel and is featured predominately in photos of the area.
4.3.8 Public Services and utilities
4.3.8.1 San Bernardino
Public services such as police and fire protection are currently provided by the City of San Bernardino to
incorporated areas. Police services are provided by the San Bernardino Police Department and Fire
services are provided by the San Bernardino City Fire Department. School services would be provided
by the San Bernardino City Unified School District, the San Bernardino County Superintendent of
Schools and a small portion of the Colton, Redlands and Rialto School Districts. Parks and recreation
services are provided by the City of San Bernardino Community Services Department. Library services
are provided by the City of San Bernardino.
Utilities are currently provided to the City of San BernardinQ by a number of utility providers. Electricity
would be provided by Southern California Edison (SCE). Natural gas is provided by the Southern
California Gas Company (SGC. Telephone services are provided by Verizon and SBC and cable TV
service is provided by Adelphia Cable, Mountain Shadows Cable, and Charter Communications. Water,
wastewater, and sewer service are provided by the San Bernardino Municipal Water Department
(SBMWD) and the East Valley Water District (EVWD). Solid waste pickup is provided by City of San
Bernardino Public Services Department, Refuse & Recycling, plus a limited number of outside haulers
through agreement with the City.
4.3.8.2 Arrowhead Springs
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Public services are currently provided to Arrowhead Springs by a number of providers. Police services
are provided to the incorporated portions of the Specific Plan area by the San Bernardino Police
Department and the San Bernardino County Sheriffs Department provides service to the unincorporated
portions. Fire services for incorporated portions of the Specific Plan Area are provided by the San
Bernardino City Fire Department. Unincorporated areas are serviced by the County Fire Department.
School services are provided by the SBCUSD. There are no public parks and recreation facilities
currently located within Arrowhead Springs. Library services are provided by the City of San Bernardino.
Utilities are currently provided to the Arrowhead Springs area by a number of utility providers. Water and
sewer are provided by Arrowhead Water & Power (AWP). Electricity is provided by Southern California
Edison. Natural gas is provided by the Southern California Gas Company (SGC). Solid waste pickup is
provided by City of San Bernardino Public Services Department, Refuse & Recycling.
4.3.9 General Plan and Zoning
4.3.9.1 San Bernardino
The existing General Plan Land Use plan and Zoning Map consists of 39 land use designations grouped
under five broad categories: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Other, and Open Space. Residential
land use comprises 59.21 percent of the planning area. Commercial uses are divided into zoning design-
nations, representing 8.8 percent of the total planning area. Industrial uses are divided into six
designations, representing 17.25 percent of the total planning area. Other uses are divided into five
designations, representing 12.26 percent of the total planning area. Open Space is divided into three
zoning designations, representing 2.48 percent of the total planning area. The SOl is comprised of 6,828
acres, or 10 square miles, of unincorporated County territory. The County of San Bernardino has
jurisdiction over these areas and the County's General Plan Land Use Plan provides land use
designations for the SOl These land use designations within the SOl include: rural living, single- and
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 4-5
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4. Environmental Setting
multiple-family residential, neighborhood commercial, office commercial, floodway, resource conserva-
tion, institutional, and community and regional industrial. The San Bernardino International Airport and
Trade Center (SBIA) is located in the southeastern edge of the City. The SBIA is comprised of two
portions: the airport and related facilities of the former Norton Air Force Base and the Trade Center,
which encompasses the non-airport portions of the property.
4.3.9.2 Arrowhead Springs
The incorporated portions of Arrowhead Springs are currently subject to the City of San Bernardino
General Plan and Development Code. These areas are designated for Residential Estate (RE), Resi-
dential Low (RL), Residential Suburban (RS), and Public Flood Control (PFC) in the existing General
Plan. The unincorporated portions of Arrowhead Springs are subject to the County of San Bernardino
General Plan and Zoning Code. These areas are designated for Resource Conservation (RC) , Rural
Living-3 (RL-3), and Single Residential-1 (RS-1) by the County General Plan.
4.4 ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Section 15130 of the CEQA Guidelines states that cumulative impacts shall be discussed where they are
significant. It further states that this discussion shall reflect the level and severity of the impact and the
likelihood of occurrence, but not in as great a level of detail as that necessary for the project alone.
Section 15355 of the Guidelines defines cumulative impacts to be "...two or more individual effects
which, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental
impacts." Cumulative impacts represent the change caused by the incremental impact of a project when
added to other proposed or committed projects in the vicinity.
The CEOA Guidelines [(Section 15130 (b)(1)] state that the information utilized in an analysis of cumula-
tive impacts should come from one of two sources, either:
1 ) A list of past, present and probable future projects producing related cumulative impacts,
including, if necessary, those projects outside the control of the agency; or
2) A summary of projections contained in an adopted general plan or related planning document
designed to evaluate regional or area-wide conditions.
The cumulative impact analyses contained in this DEIR uses method 2, as described above. The
proposed project consists of a comprehensive General Plan Update for the City of San Bernardino and
its Sphere of Influence. Consistent with Section 15130(b)(1)(B) of the CEOA Guidelines, this DEIR
analyzes the environmental impacts of development in accordance with the proposed General Plan
Update. As a result, this DEIR addresses the cumulative impacts of development within the City of San
Bernardino and its Sphere of Influence. Included in that Sphere of Influence is the entire Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan and consequently, it is also included in the cumulative impact analysis of the
General Plan Update as a whole. Please refer to Section 5 of this DEIR for a discussion of the impacts
associated with development and growth within the City and the SOl.
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.1 AESTHETICS
Characterizing aesthetics and aesthetic impacts is highly subjective by nature. Aesthetics, as evaluated in
this Section of the EIR, involves establishing the existing visual character including visual resources and
scenic vistas unique to the City of San Bernardino, the SOl and the Arrowhead Springs area. Visual
resources are determined by identifying existing landforms, natural features or urban characteristics; views of
sensitive receptors (I.e., residential, schools, recreation areas, etc.); and existing light and glare (I.e.,
nighttime illumination). The aesthetic impacts of the proposed project are evaluated by determining the
aesthetic compatibility of the proposed project with the surrounding area taking into consideration the visual
qualities as well as the sensitivity of receptors to these features.
5.1.1 Environmental Setting
5.1.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Visual Character
The City of San Bernardino lies on a broad, gently sloping lowland that flanks the southwest margin of the
San Bernardino Mountains. The lowland is underlain by alluvial sediments eroded from bedrock in the
adjacent mountains and washed by rivers and creeks into the valley region where they have accumulated in
layers of gravel, sand, silt and clay. This low lying valley is framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on the
northeast and east, Blue Mountains and Box Springs Mountain abutting the Cities of Loma Linda and
Redlands to the south, and the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to the northwest and southwest,
respectively. The Santa Ana River has a number of tributaries in the vicinity of San Bernardino that contribute
flow to the main stem of the river including Lytle Creek, Cajon Creek, Warm Creek, East Creek and West
Twin Creek (see Figure 3.1-2). The east branch of the California Aqueduct traverses the northwestern portion
01 the City. These watercourses provide valuable riparian habitat that supports flora and fauna within the San
Bernardino Valley. Figures 5.1-1 and 5.1-2 show photographs of the City of San Bernardino that depict the
visual character of the City.
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The City's total planning area is 45,231 acres, or approximately 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres,
or 60 square miles, of incorporated territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands
within the City's SOl.
The City of San Bernardino is surrounded by Highland on the east, Redlands to the southeast, Loma Linda
on the south, Colton to the southwest and Rialto on the west. These cities also lie in the valley region of San
Bernardino and are comprised primarily of urban land uses. To the north, in the San Bernardino Mountain
range, the City is bound by the San Bernardino National Forest. In addition the San Manuel Indian
Reservation abuts the City's northeastern boundary.
Visual Resources
The San Bernardino Mountains comprise the City's northern boundary and provide the primary backdrop for
residents of the City of San Bernardino (see Figure 5.1-1, top). Historically the City of San Bernardino has
been utilized for a multitude of uses including, tourism centered around the regions unique geothermal
activity, agricultural, military, industrial, commercial and residential. Today much of the valley has been
urbanized and the City of San Bernardino has been built out from its original central historic district which is
centered around the rail lines, because San Bernardino became the hub for the Santa Fe, the Union Pacific
and the Southern Pacific railroads early on in the City's history. To the west of the central downtown district
are the transportation industries that developed around the Santa Fe rail yard. Residential districts developed
during the late nineteenth century spread from the downtown commercial district northward along E Street
toward the Shandin Hills. Today, single-family residential, open space, flood control and education facilities
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.1-1
5. Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
City of San Bernardino Site Photos
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View of the San Bernardino Mountains looking northeast
from downtown San Bernardino.
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View of the City of San Bernardino looking south toward Box
Springs Mountain and Blue Mountain.
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.1-1
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
City of San Bernardino Site Photos
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Residential character within the foothills of the San Bernardino
Mountains.
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The historic California Theater located in the City's
Downtown District.
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.1-2
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
comprise the majority of the current land uses in the northern portions of the City, while industrial uses
comprise the majority of land uses on the northwestern and southeastern potions of the City. Figure 5.1-1
(bottom) displays the viewshed of the City from the foothills looking south, toward Box Spring Mountain and
Blue Mountain. In addition, the former Norton Air Force Base, now known as the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center, occupies the southeastern portion of the City.
The biological conditions in San Bernardino and throughout the region are highly modified from a pristine
environment, although some areas still retain significant biological resource value. Upland areas support
inland coastal sage scrub vegetation with a fauna typical of such habitats in southern California. Alluvial fans
and floodplains of the valley floor support distinctive scrub vegetation containing an assortment of plants
characteristic of both coastal sagebrush and chaparral communities. Deep canyons that support riparian and
oak woodland plan communities provide a high quality habitat for a diverse assemblage of large and small
wildlife species. Broad canyons and mountain slopes support mainly chaparral and woodland vegetation of
a relatively undisturbed nature. In addition to its diverse natural communities, San Bernardino supports a
wide variety of plant and animal species within its boundaries and SOl.
Landform
The San Bernardino Mountains, to the north of the City of San Bernardino, climb to an elevation of 4,237 feet
above mean sea level (msl) at Arrowhead Peak near the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. Just to the
west of Arrowhead Peak and north of the Verdemont Heights Specific Plan area is Marshall Peak, which rises
to an elevation of 4,003 feet above msl. The northwestern portions of the City are nestled in the foothills of
the San Bernardino Mountains. The Shandin Hills, a small hilly portion of the City just south of the California
State University San Bernardino, rise to an elevation of 1 ,717 feet above msl on Little Mountain. The majority
of the developed portions of the City are located on the low lying valley floor at an elevation of approximately
1,000 feet above msl. The topography slowly rises toward the San Bernardino Mountains to the north.
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Scenic Vistas and Corridors
Although much of the character of San Bernardino can be derived from its unique setting adjacent to the San
Bernardino Mountains, unique geothermal resources, and central location in the San Bernardino Valley, the
City of San Bernardino also obtains much of its character from its distinct neighborhoods. Each neigh-
borhood has, or can have, its own unique character that is a source of pride for the residents. Neighborhood
character is defined by many factors: what the neighborhood looks like, what it feels like, how well it is
maintained, etc. But more importantly, it is an image in the minds of those who live and work there and in the
perceptions of those who visit. These distinct neighborhoods provide the aesthetic foreground (closest
viewing area) for the City of San Bernardino.
The Verdemont Heights area lies in the northwestern corner of the City of San Bernardino. This area
encompasses 3,011 acres. This community is comprised primarily of low density residential uses, which are
nestled in the north-south sloping foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains. Residents of this area currently
enjoy views overlooking Cajon Creek Wash to the southeast and the Glen Helen Regional Park. Furthermore,
this unique area is bordered on the north by the San Bernardino National Forest. Several seasonal creeks
flow from the mountains in the north including Cable Creek, which is fed by the Meyers Canyon and
Meecham Canyon creeks. Figure 5.1-2 (top) depicts residential uses within the foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains within the Verdemont Heights area.
In the northwestern portion of the City lies the California State University San Bernardino. The University area
lies just south of the flood control basins of the Devil Canyon Flood Control Basin and the East Branch of the
California Aqueduct, south of the Verdemont Heights area. Growth and development within this portion of the
City has occurred independent of growth within the rest of the City due to the University.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.1-7
5. Environmental Analysis
The City's downtown area stretches from 9th Street on the north. to Mill Street and Rialto Avenue on the
south, from Interstate 215 on the west, to Waterrnan Avenue on the east. The City's downtown area creates a
unique aesthetic environment as it is comprised of many historic structures that give the downtown area a
distinct atmosphere. Figure 5.1-2 (bottom) depicts the historic character of the City's downtown district.
Rivers, creeks and washes within the City of San Bernardino also add to the aesthetic middle ground of
views around the City of San Bernardino. (Middle-ground would be the viewing area that is visible at a
distance between 500 feet to one rnile away.) In the southern portion of the City, the Santa Ana River
meanders through the valley allowing for unique natural biological comrnunities that depend on this year
round water source and provides an aesthetically pleasing quality to the southern portions of the City. The
Lytle Creek Wash and the Cajon Wash carve through the canyons before meandering through the
northwestern portions of the City, where they ultimately join the Santa Ana River. In the northeastern portion
of the City, Warm Creek, once a year-round stream fed by the Harlem Hot Springs and the Rabel Hot
Springs, also creates a unique natural community. These natural communities are described in rnore detail in
Section 5.3, Biological Resources. Furthermore, trails along these watercourses provide for viewing
opportunities of these areas.
The background views of the City of San Bernardino are dominated by the San Bernardino Mountains that
tower over the City in the north. (The background viewing area is described as the area that can be seen at a
long distance, greater than one mile away and typically would include the horizon.) This valuable scenic
resource provides much of the backdrop for the City's unique atmosphere. Although there are no designated
State Scenic Highways located within the City of San Bernardino or SOl areas, SR-18, which travels through
the San Bernardino Mountains past the Arrowhead Springs Planning Area is an eligible state scenic highway.
5.1.1.2
Arrowhead Springs
Visual Character
The exiting Arrowhead Springs resort is nestled in the San Bernardino Mountains, perched on a flat plateau
area above the City of San Bernardino. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area encompasses a larger
area that is surrounded on the west, north and east by the San Bernardino National Forest, while urban areas
of the City are located to the south. Being adjacent to the San Bernardino National Forest provides for vast
areas of open space, and the opportunity to buffer the developed areas from view of urban areas in the City
of San Bernardino. Figures 5.1-3 and 5.1-4 display images of the Arrowhead Springs area that depict the
visual character of this old resort area.
The only residents of the existing Arrowhead Springs area are a few employees who occupy the bungalows
that are part of the resort. The Arrowhead Springs area is primarily rural, although its primary use
corresponds to its unique geological setting, as it is located in an area known for its geothermal resources.
As a result, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area has historically been utilized as a tourist destination for
individuals seeking the luxuries associated with the mud baths, steam caves, hot springs, and the famous
Esther Williams pool. In the past, tourism in the Arrowhead Springs area relied on the pristine natural
environment and valuable geothermal resource that this area rests on. The resort is no longer open to the
general public. These geothermal resources are inextricably linked to the hydrology and the tectonic activity
beneath this area. Figure 5.1-3 (top) provides an aerial view of the Arrowhead Springs area and shows where
existing uses are concentrated.
Arrowhead Springs is located within the West Twin Creek and East Twin Creek watersheds. There are three
primary water courses that flow through the Arrowhead Springs property. The East Twin Creek, Strawberry
Creek, and the West Twin Creek that flows through Waterman Canyon compose the major waterways (see
Section 5.7, Hydrology and Water Quality).
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Arrowhead Springs Site Photos
Aerial photograph 01 Arrowhead Springs.
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The Planning Center . Figure 5.1-3
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Arrowhead Springs Site Photos
View of Lake Vonette in the central portion of the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan Area.
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View of the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and signature
landmark arrowhead above.
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.1-4
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Visual Resources
Due to its remote setting, diverse topography, and vast areas of open space, the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan area offers many breathtaking views of the mountainous region and valley below. Figure 5.1-3 (bottom)
shows the view of the City of San Bernardino from a point on the ridge below Lake Vonette in the central
portion of Arrowhead Springs area. One of the most prominent visual features of Arrowhead Springs is the
unique geologic landform in the shape of an arrowhead that lies on the slopes, off-site, above the historic
hotel and gives the resort its name (see bottom photo in Figure 5.1-4). The large historic hotel itself
dominates foreground views.
The natural biological conditions within the proposed Specific Plan area have been disturbed by the past
construction and operation of existing and previous facilities and the infrastructure of roads and utilities. The
grounds of the resort have been formally landscaped and contain mature trees and large lawns. The
grounds continue to be well maintained. More recently both East and West Twin Creeks and nearby hillsides
have been disturbed by the pipeline project of the MWD (see photos in Figure 5.1-5). Native plant
communities consist of ruderal, mixed annual grassland and scrub, chaparral, riparian woodlands, and lower
montane coniferous forest. In addition to its diverse natural communities, the Arrowhead Springs area
supports a wide variety of bird, animal, and fish species within its boundaries. Some of the exotic species of
the formally landscaped areas, such as palm trees have also naturalized in the some of the drainages and
other locations.
Landform
The Arrowhead Springs area is located in the Transverse Range of the San Bernardino Mountains. The
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is comprised of diverse topography, rising from approximately 1500
feet in the southern portions to over 2400 feet above msl in the northernmost portion Specific Plan area.
Arrowhead Peak, which rises above the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, rises to an elevation of 4,237
feet above msl just north of the Specific Plan boundary.
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Scenic Vistas and Corridors
The foreground of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is comprised of historic structures, such as the
Arrowhead Springs Hotel, in addition to structures that correspond with the other existing uses of the
Arrowhead Springs area. Within the developed portions of Arrowhead Springs, the primary middle ground
viewshed is that of rolling hills. Figure 5.1-4 (top photo) shows the diverse landforms within the Arrowhead
Springs Area, Lake Vonette is visible in this figure. Waterman Canyon runs through the western portion of the
Arrowhead Springs area and a year round water course (West Twin Creek) follows the canyon's course. In
some locations the creek channel is narrow and steep and in other locations spreads out in a small flood
plain. West Twin Creek and Waterman Canyon is known for extreme rapid flood conditions that have from
time to time scoured the creek bed leaving boulders scattered around. Some of this destructive character
can be see in the lower photos in Figures 5.1-3 and 5.1-5. Coldwater Canyon with East Twin Creek carves
through the eastern portion of the plan area along with Strawberry Creek. The two creeks join at the edge of
the developed area as seen in the top photo in Figure 5.1-3 and continue southerly to the percolation basins
at the southern boundary of the property. These creek channels are primarily steep and narrow through the
site, The creeks and other drainages throughout the property contribute to the mountainous character of the
site. The primary backdrop of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is the San Bernardino Mountains
and the valley below. Since the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located in the mountainous portions
of the City of San Bernardino, the higher elevations provide for some unobstructed views of the outstretching
City below. These natural scenic resources provide the majority of the scenic quality of the Arrowhead
Springs area. In addition, although no designated scenic highways pass through the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan area, SR-18, the current entrance to Arrowhead Springs, is considered eligible for designation
as a state scenic highway.
General Plan UJldate and Associated Specific Plans EIR
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5. Environmental Analysis
Photos of Metropolitan water District Project
East Portal above East Twin Creek
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West portal area in Waterman Canyon
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.1-5
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
Unique Scenic Resources
As mentioned above, rising above the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel on Arrowhead Peak, is a unique
geologic formation that resembles an arrowhead. This name was adopted circa 1875-1876. The arrowhead
stands out above the resort and creates an unmistakable landmark; however, this landmark cannot be seen
from many areas of the City.
In addition to this unique scenic resource, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located atop an active
geothermal area. Geothermal vents are often seen when driving local access roads. In addition, hot springs,
steam caves, and mud baths provided major attractions for visitors to the Arrowhead Springs area when it
was operational as a resort.
5.1.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
AE-1
Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista.
AE-2
Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock
outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway.
AE-3
Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its
surroundings.
AE-4
Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day
or nighttime views in the area.
~
The Initial Study, included in Volume II, Appendix A, substantiates that impacts associated with threshold
with the following threshold would be less than significant: AE-2. Therefore, this topic will not be discussed
further in this EIR.
5.1.3 Environmental Impacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
5.1.3.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
The City of San Bernardino General Plan Update guides development within the City. In addition to the
underlying vision of the General Plan, the General Plan defines the important characteristics that would
define San Bernardino in the future. The General Plan is therefore inextricably connected with the aesthetic
character of the City as it would help define the aesthetic environment through community design and land
use. Some of the key strategies related to aesthetics of the General Plan include: develop a distinct
personality both at a community wide and a neighborhood level; Realize quality housing in safe and
attractive neighborhoods; enhance cultural, recreational, and entertainment opportunities; and maintain a
collective sense of community pride. As part of the General Plan's Community Design Element, goals and
policies are established to provide for community-wide design features, district and neighborhood level
design features and project level design features.
As part of the General Plan update, the City has created the University District Specific Plan. The vision of the
Specific Plan for this area is to collaborate with the California State University San Bernardino to fully
General Plan Update and Auoclaled SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.1-17
5. Environmental Analysis
integrate the campus with the surrounding community. The focus of this Plan is upon the aesthetic treatrnent
of the public rights-of-way within the University District. To accomplish the goals of the University District
Specific Plan, the plan focuses on creating a village at the intersection of University Parkway and Northpark
Boulevard to anchor the entrance to the University. The plan also includes a coordinated system of signage,
landscape features, entryways, and street furniture to provide a cohesive impact to tie the University District
together.
GP IMPACT 5.1-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD
ALTER THE VISUAL APPEARANCE OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO.
[THRESHOLDS AE-1 AND AE-3]
Impact Analysis: Any amount of growth in the City of San Bernardino could potentially result in the
development of undeveloped portions of the City, which are primarily concentrated in the north and
northwest part of the City. However, implementation of the City's General Plan update would result in
conservation of the existing open space areas near the City's northern boundary, near SR-18. The majority of
planned land uses in this portion of the City are single-family residential. These land uses are proposed at
densities of 1 dwelling unit per acre, at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains, to 4.5 dwelling units per
acre closer to the existing urban areas. Land use change as a result of new development would alter the
visual appearance from natural open space to urban land uses. However, development within the low lying
areas of the valley and foothills adjacent to the San Bernardino Mountain would not impact scenic views of
the City provided by this backdrop as the peaks of these mountains rise to over 4,000 feet above msl.
...-
...
,.,...
-
The San Bernardino General Plan also focuses on revitalization of the City's urban areas through
redevelopment. These redevelopment areas include the Central City Projects, the Central City North, the
Central City West, State College, Southeast Industrial Park, Northwest, Tri-City, South Valley, Uptown, and
the Mt. Vernon Corridor. Concentrating redevelopment efforts through revitalization of underutilized areas
within the City would result in an improvement in the existing aesthetic quality of these neighborhoods by
reinvigorating business investment in the community.
,...'
-"
University District Specific Plan
Due to the existing commitments and existing developments, there is little ability to make significant land use
changes within the University District. Instead, the focus of this Plan is upon the aesthetic treatment of the
public rights-of-way within the University District. As such, the University District Specific Plan seeks to
improve the aesthetic character of the University district through interconnectivity and land use linkages by
signage, lighting and other public right-of-way design treatments.
~
".,
GP IMPACT 5.1-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD GENERATE
ADDITIONAL LIGHT AND GLARE WITHIN THE CITY. [THRESHOLD AE-4]
-"
Impact Analysis: Development within the City of San Bernardino, as it slowly creeps northward into the
foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, would result in an additional source of light or glare on area
residents and within undeveloped portions of the City. Sensitive plant and animal cornmunities, specifically in
the foothills and adjacent to watercourses, in the City are especially affected by addition of new light sources
brought on by new development.
Relevant Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino policies and programs related to aesthetics include:
..
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Page 5.1-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Land Use Element
Policy 2.1.1: Actively enforce development standards, design guidelines, and policies to preserve and
enhance the character of San Bernardino's neighborhoods.
Policy 2.1.2: Require that new development with potentially adverse impacts on existing neighborhoods or
residents such as noise, traffic, emissions, and storm water runoff, be located and designed so that quality of
life and safety in existing neighborhoods are preserved.
Policy 2.1.3: Encourage future development to provide public spaces that foster social interaction.
Policy 2.1.4: Provide assistance in the form of grants, loans, home improvement efforts, coordinated code
and law enforcement, public right-of-way maintenance and enhancement, and trash collection to help
improve San Bernardino's residential neighborhoods.
Policy 2.1.5: Ensure compliance with maintenance and development standards through the rigorous
enforcement of Code Enforcement and Safety standards.
Policy 2.2.1: Ensure compatibility between land uses and quality design through adherence to the
standards and regulations in the Development Code and policies and guidelines in the Community Design
Element.
Policy 2.2.2: Require new uses to provide mitigation or buffers between existing uses where potential
adverse impacts could occur, including, as appropriate, decorative walls, landscape setbacks, restricted
vehicular access, enclosure of parking structures to prevent sound transmission, and control of lighting and
ambient illumination.
Policy 2.2.3: Sensitively integrate regionally beneficial land uses such as transportation corridors, flood
control systems, utility corridors, and recreational corridors into the community.
~
Policy 2.2.4: Hillside development and development adjacent to natural areas shall be designed and
landscaped to preserve natural features and habitat and protect structures from the threats from natural
disasters, such as wildfires and floods.
Policy 2.2.5: Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with Caltrans, the railroads, and other agencies to
help minimize impacts and improve aesthetics of their facilities and operations; including possible noise
walls, berms, limitation on hours and types of operations, landscaped setbacks and decorative walls along
its periphery.
Policy 2.2.6: Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the County of San Bernardino to conform
development projects within the City's sphere of influence to the City's General Plan.
Policy 2.2.7: Control the development of industrial and similar uses that use, store, produce or transport
toxics, air emissions, and other pollutants.
Policy 2.2.10: The protection of the quality of life shall take precedence during the review of new projects.
Accordingly, the City shall utilize its discretion to deny or require mitigation of projects that result in impacts
that outweigh benefits to the public.
Policy 2.3.1: Commercial centers, open spaces, educational facilities, and recreational facilities should be
linked to residential neighborhoods.
Policy 2.3.2: Promote development that is compact, pedestrian-friendly, and served by a variety of
transportation options along major corridors and in key activity areas.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. ] -] 9
5. Environmental Analysis
...
Policy 2.3.3: Entries into the City and distinct neighborhoods should be well defined or highlighted to help
define boundaries and act as landmarks.
...
Policy 2.3.4: Develop a cohesive therne for the entire City as well as sub-themes for neighborhoods to
provide identity, help create a sense of comrnunity, and add to the City's personality.
.""
Policy 2.3.5: Capitalize on cultural events, such as the Route 66 Rendezvous, to help market and build a
distinct identity for the City.
Policy 2.3.6: Circulation system improvements shall continue to be pursued that facilitate connectivity
across freeway and rail corridors.
Policy 2.3.7: Improvements shall be made to transportation corridors that promote physical connectivity
and reflect consistently high aesthetic values.
Policy 2.4.1: Quality infill development shall be accorded a high priority in the commitment of City resources
and available funding.
Policy 2.4.2: Continue to provide special incentives and improvement programs to revitalize deteriorated
housing stock, residential neighborhoods, major business corridors, and employment centers.
P'
Policy 2.4.3: Where necessary to stimulate the desired mix and intensity of development, land use flexibility
and customized site development standards shall be achieved through various master-planning devices
such as specific plans, planned development zoning, and creative site planning.
,.~
Policy 2.5.1: Use code enforcement in coordination with all relevant City departments to reverse
deterioration and achieve acceptable levels of development quality. These efforts should focus on structural
maintenance and rehabilitation, debris and weed removal, property maintenance, and safety.
...
Policy 2.5.2: Continue collaboration with the San Manuel Indians and County of San Bernardino to achieve
acceptable development quality within San Bernardino's sphere of influence.
..
Policy 2.5.4: Require that all new structures achieve a high level of architectural design and provide a
careful attention to detail.
".
Policy 2.5.5: Provide programs that educate residential and commercial property owners and tenants
regarding methods for the maintenance and upkeep of their property.
",.
Policy 2.5.6: Require that new developments be designed to complement and not devalue the physical
characteristics of the surrounding environment, including consideration of:
..."
· The site's natural topography and vegetation;
· Surrounding exemplary architectural design styles;
· Linkages to pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian paths;
· The use of consistent fencing and signage;
· The provision of interconnecting greenbelts and community amenities, such as clubhouses, health
clubs, tennis courts, and swimming pools;
· The use of building materials, colors, and forms that contribute to a "neighborhood" character;
· The use of extensive site landscaping;
· The use of consistent and well designed street signage. building signage, and entry
monumentation;
· A variation in the setbacks of structures;
· The inclusion of extensive landscape throughout the site and along street frontages;
.".
..'
...
...
Page 5.1-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
. The articulation of building facades to provide interest and variation by the use of offset planes and
cubic volumes, building details, balconies, arcades, or recessed or projecting windows, and other
techniques which avoid "box"-like structures;
. The integration of exterior stairways into the architectural design;
. The screening of rooftop mechanical equipment;
. The use of a consistent design through the use of unifying architectural design elements, signage,
lighting, and pedestrian areas;
. The provision of art and other visual amenities;
. The inclusion of awnings, overhangs, arcades, and other architectural elements to provide
protection from sun, rain, and wind; and
. The location of parking at the rear, above or below the ground floor of non-residential buildings to
enhance pedestrian connectivity.
Policy 2.6.1: Hillside development and development adjacent to natural areas shall be designed and sited
to maintain the character of the City's significant open spaces and historic and cultural landmarks.
Policy 2.6.2: Balance the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with the need for new development
through site plan review and enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Policy 2.6.3: Capitalize on the recreational and environmental resources offered by the Santa Ana River and
Cajon Wash by requiring the dedication and development of pedestrian and greenbelt linkages.
Policy 2.7.3: Continue to explore opportunities, such as water themed uses, to financially capitalize on the
City's water resources to enhance the City's image.
~
Policy 2.10.3: Ensure that residents of San Bernardino have the opportunity to provide input to the
determination of future land use development that may significantly affect the character and quality of life.
Community Design Element
Policy 5.1.1: Provide improvements along principal streets at the City boundary that clearly identify major
entries to the City. Such improvements may include signage, landscaping, vertical pylons, and/or other
distinctive treatments.
Policy 5.1.2: Designate and provide monumentation for important primary and secondary entry points into
the City, especially at the following locations:
. Primary Entryways: Waterman at Hospitality Lane; State Route 18 at National Forest boundary; State
Route 330 (City Creek Road) at Highland Avenue; 1-215 Freeway at Shandin Hills; 1-215 Freeway at
Cable Wash; and 1-215 Freeway at Inland Center Drive off-ramps
. Secondary Entryways: 2nd Street at 1-215 Freeway; Highland at Lytle Creek Wash (east side);
Baseline at Lytle Creek Wash (east side); Santa Fe Railroad Passenger Terminal; 5th Street at Nunez
Park; 5th Street at Waterman; Freeway off-ramps
Policy 5.1.3: Prepare an entry signage program that would denote Primary and Secondary entries to the
City through informational lettering, the City logo, photo-silkscreens, banners, and/or graphics.
Policy 5.1.4: Locate major accent trees at entry locations and intersections. Species should be of a "grand"
scale to differentiate these key locations (such as palms, canary island pines, or poplars).
Policy. 5.1.5: Develop a Citywide program of public art to provide unifying themes for gateways,
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plelm EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.1-21
5. Environmental Analysis
''''
Policy 5.2.1: Establish and implernent a comprehensive citywide streets cape and landscape program for
those corridors identified on General Plan Figure CD-1 and includes the following right-of-way improvements:
..~
. Street trees
. Street lighting
· Streetscape elements (sidewalk/crosswalk paving, street furniture)
. Public signage
...
...
Policy 5.2.2: Require that landscaping be adequately maintained and replaced if removed due to damage
or health.
Policy 5.2.3: Require that all new street landscape incorporate an irrigation system to provide proper
watering.
"""
Policy 5.2.4: Screen public facilities and above-ground infrastructure support structures and equiprnent,
such as electrical substations and water wells, through sensitive site design, appropriately scaled
landscaping, undergrounding of utilities, and other methods of screening (e.g., cell tower stealthing).
..~
Policy 5.2.5: Use landscaping and facade articulation to break up long stretches of walls associated with
residential development along major corridors.
...
Ensure implementation of sign regulations, which address issues of scale, type, design, materials,
placement, compatibility, and maintenance.
Policy 5.2.7: Provide for the use of well-designed and placed banners for City events, holidays, and other
special occasions.
!!IJ!"
Policy 5.2.8: Provide for the use of kiosks or other street furniture along the City's streets.
Policy 5.2.9: Along major corridors, continue to pay special attention to design features that include
screening, berrns, fencing, and landscaping for outdoor storage and handling areas. )
....
Policy 5.3.1: Utilizing the Neighborhood Associations to develop a program to identify unique design
features and create design themes for distinct areas of the City.
....'"
Policy 5.3.2: Distinct neighborhood identities should be achieved by applying streetscape and landscape
design, entry treatments, and architectural detailing standards, which are tailored to each particular area and
also incorporate citywide design features.
IM"
Policy 5.3.3: A well-integrated network of bike and pedestrian paths should connect residential areas to
schools, parks, and shopping centers.
~..."
Policy 5.3.4: Enhance and encourage neighborhood or street identity with theme landscaping or trees,
entry statements, enhanced school or community facility identification, and a unified range of architectural
detailing.
Policy 5.3.5: Create entry irnprovements to help identify distinct districts; these elements could consist of
monument pylons, freestanding banners on poles, banners hung from existing light or marbelite standards
(subject to agreement with the utility company) or graphic elements hung from or attached to private
buildings.
Policy 5.3.6: Provide for streetscape improvements, landscape and/or signage that uniquely identify
architecturally or historically significant residential neighborhoods.
..
Page 5.1-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 5.3.7: Establish a program to select and install streetlights that reinforce the character of the
particular district.
Policy 5.4.1: Aggressively apply and enforce citywide landscape and development standards in new and
revitalized development throughout the City.
Policy 5.4.3: Ensure that the design of all public facilities fits well into their surroundings and incorporates
symbolic references to the City, including its past and/or present, as appropriate.
Policy 5.5.1: Require new and in-fill development to be of compatible scale and massing as existing
development yet allow the flexibility to accommodate unique architecture, colors, and materials in individual
projects.
Policy 5.5.2: Improve the pedestrian atmosphere of the street by orienting new homes to the street with
attractive front porches, highly visible street facades, and garages located in the rear of the property,
Policy 5.5.3: Maintain, improve and/or develop parkways with canopy street trees, providing shade, beauty
and a unifying identity to residential streets.
Policy 5.5.4: Setback garages from the street and minimize street frontage devoted to driveways and
vehicular access.
Policy 5.5.5: Provide continuous sidewalks and links to nearby community facilities and retail centers.
Policy 5.5.6: Ensure a variety of architectural styles, massing, floor plans, fagade treatment, and elevations
to create visual interest.
Policy 5.5.7: In residential tract developments, a diversity of floor plans, garage orientation, setbacks, styles,
building materials, color and rooflines shall be preferred over more uniform design patterns.
~
Policy 5.6.1: Reduce the visual impact of large-scale, multi-family buildings by requiring articulated entry
features, such as attractive porches and detailed facade treatments, which create visual interest and give
each unit more personalized design.
Policy 5.6.2: Discourage visually monotonous, multi-family residences by incorporating different archi-
tectural styles, a variety of rooflines, wall articulation, balconies, window treatments, and varied colors and
building materials on all elevations.
Policy 5.6.3: Reduce the visual impact of parking areas by utilizing interior courtyard garages, parking
structures, subterranean lots, or tuck-under, alley-loaded designs.
Policy 5.6.4: Provide usable common open space amenities. Common open space should be centrally
located and contain amenities such as seating, shade and play equipment. Private open space may include
courtyards, balconies, patios, terraces and enclosed play areas.
Policy 5.6.5: Provide convenient pedestrian access from multi-family development to nearby commercial
centers, schools, and transit stops.
Policy 5.7.1: Ensure the provision of people-gathering places and street level amenities, such as mini-
plazas, courtyards, benches, movable seating, shade, trash receptacles, water fountains awnings large
storefront windows, arcades, small sitting areas, and accent landscaping.
Policy 5.7.2: Orient buildings toward major thoroughfares, sidewalks, and public spaces so that parking is
convenient but not visually dominating.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific P!am HI R
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.] -23
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 5.7.3: Maintain architectural interest and variety through varied rooflines, building setbacks, and
detailed fa<;;ade treatments and maintain a strong sense of project identity through similarities in fa<;;ade
organization, signage, landscaping, material use, colors, and roof shapes.
Policy 5.7.4: The size, colors, type, materials, and design of signs shall be related to the scale of the
building or development and its relation to the street.
...
Policy 5.7.5: Parking areas shall provide, where practical, pedestrian pathways for safe access to shopping
and activity areas that are defined by landscaped planters and incorporated into the parking lot design.
-,
Policy 5.7.6: Encourage architectural detailing, which includes richly articulated surfaces and varied facade
treatment, rather than plain or blank walls.
II\')!
Policy 5.7.7: Minimize the visual impact of surface parking lots by locating them behind buildings, away
from the street or through perimeter and interior landscaping, berming, and small-scale fencing.
,..,'t
Policy 5.7.8: Design public plazas and spaces that are both comfortable and convenient. They should be
well defined by surrounding buildings, located near the street for visual contact and convenience, contain
abundant seating opportunities, and incorporate amenities such as distinctive focal points, public art, ample
shade, and eating and entertainment possibilities.
..,..
Policy 5.7.9: Ensure that the scale and massing of office, commercial, and industrial uses are sensitive to
the context of surrounding residential development.
.....
Policy 5.7.10: Lighting should provide for safety and to highlight features of center but not shine directly
onto neighboring properties or into the eyes of motorists.
...
Policy 5.7.11: Loading bays should be screened by walls and landscaping and oriented away from major
streets and entries,
1IlI!t,.
Policy 5.7.12: Install new streetlights in commercial districts that are pedestrian-oriented, attractively
designed, compatible in design with other street furniture, and provide adequate visibility and security.
...
5.1.3.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would increase the intensity of land uses in an area which is largely
comprised of open space. Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in a build-out
of 1,350 residential units and 1,044,646 square feet of commercial and office uses. These additional
commercial and residential uses would be located around the existing developed areas in the central portion
of the plan area. The central portion of the planning area is the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel. With
implementation of the Arrowhead Spring Specific Plan, the hotel would be restored and an annex to the
existing hotel would be built. A new earth sheltered conference center would extend to the south of the hotel.
Other hotel/report amenities would be restored to take advantage of the unique geothermal resource found
within the Arrowhead Springs area. Under the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, a new 300-room hotel is
also proposed. On the western edge of the property near State SR'18, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
proposes a 199-acre public golf course along the route of Waterman Canyon, which would force a
realignment of West Twin Creek.
-
The plan also proposes a 'Village Walk' Commercial Center, which would wrap around the southern portion
an expanded Lake Vonette. The Village Walk is proposed for 200,000 square-feet of shops, restaurants,
cafes. and pedestrian promenades. New botanical gardens would be built on the northern side of Lake
Vonette.
'lItb
Page 5.1-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Due to the intensity of the uses proposed, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan also includes infrastructure
improvements including, new or irnproved roads, bridges, water distribution and treatment facilities,
wastewater collection improvements and a new wastewater treatment facility with recycled water capabilities
to accommodate the irrigation requirements of the golf course.
Some of the reservoirs for drinking water would be located outside the conceptual grading footprint identified
in Figure 3.3-6, in Section 3.3, Project Description, and would require a small access road for maintenance.
However, the reservoirs would be located and designed to avoid inundation of nearby neighborhoods in the
event of failure and shielded from views of residential areas where practical. Construction of four water
reservoirs would be required to obtain adequate water pressure and water supply forthe proposed develop-
ment. The northernmost water-tower would be located at the northernmost boundary of the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan site to supply Zone VIII and VII. This 0.5 million gallon water tower is proposed at an
elevation of approximately 2,810 feet and would be visible from SR-18, approximately 1,000 feet away,
across from the golf course area. Another water reservoir is proposed adjacent to the golf course area to the
south of the northernmost water reservoir and would supply Zone V and VI. This water tank would have a
capacity of 0.75 million gallons and be located at an elevation of 2,450 feet. Another water reservoir would be
located to the north of the development area in the central portion of the Arrowhead Springs development.
This water reservoir would have a capacity of 3.2 million gallons and would be the largest of the four
reservoirs. This reservoir would be located at an elevation of 2,130 feet to supply water to Zone III and IV. The
fourth water reservoir would be located to the south of the large reservoir to supply Zone I and II. This
reservoir would be located at an elevation of 1,790 feet and have a capacity of 0.75 million gallons.
In order to accomplish the infrastructure needs and development of the land uses proposed for the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, significant quantities of cut and fill would be required for construction of
level pads, as the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located in a topographically diverse location. The
conceptual grading plan (see Figure 3.3-6 in Section 3.3, Project Description) identifies that development of
the plan would require approximately 7 million cubic yards of earth to be cut and then used as fill elsewhere
on-site for development proposed under the plan. An additional one million cubic yards of earth may need to
be removed to remediate potential landslide areas throughout the property.
~
AHS IMPACT 5.1-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD ALTER
THE VISUAL APPEARANCE OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS AREA.
[THRESHOLDS AE-1 AND AE-3]
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is a combination of scenic natural environment
and resort development that was founded on the natural resources provided by the San Bernardino
Mountains, including the mountain streams and geothermal activity, such as natural hot springs. The existing
resort development is nestled in the higher elevations of the San Bernardino Mountains. Build-out of the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would be primarily centered around the existing development, which now
occupies approximately 200 acres of land, while preserving or enhancing the remaining natural features. Not
including the golf course, the existing development footprint would be expanded by little over 100 acres but
that area would also include over 21 acres of parks. However, build,out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan would result in modification of a portion the existing natural environment. Specifically, the proposed
commercial development area around Lake Vonette, the new residential development south of Lake Vonette
and the new residential development north or the historic hotel would visibly alter the existing landscape. Cut
and fill required for slope stabilization, road construction and development sites would result in landform
modification of the existing topography. Additionally, construction of the golf course, which would require
major realignment of West Twin Creek, would alter the character of the existing creek. It should be noted
however, that the character of both West and East Twin Creeks in specific locations has already been altered
by the construction of the MWD pipeline project.
General Plan Update and AJSociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.1-25
5. Environmental Analysis
Views of the development frorn outside the area would be mostly obscured because of the placement of the
development within the canyons and valleys of the San Bernardino Mountains and in areas high above and
distant from the developed areas of San Bernardino. However, the southern portion of the Arrowhead
Springs development areas would be visible from existing residents within a small portion of northern San
Bernardino, adjacent to the Arrowhead Springs area and to the west of SR-18, and from existing residences
to the southeast near the proposed Village Parkway. In addition, the water reservoirs necessary for the water
supply of the Arrowhead Springs development may be visible from many locations within the Arrowhead
Springs development and along S R-18 because of placement out side the grading footprint. The reservoirs
outside the grading footprint the access roads to reach thern would detract from the views of the pristine
natural environment. The majority of the reservoirs would not be clearly visible to travelers on SR-18 or
residents outside the Arrowhead Springs development.
Although implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would alter the topography and character
of approximately 306 acres of land outside the existing development footprint of 200 acres, the remaining
1,400 acres would stay in its current natural condition. The Specific Plan contains extensive design guide-
lines and development standards that require sensitivity to natural landforms and emphasize preservation of
views and the natural environment where possible and all developed areas have requirements for land-
scaping that would restore areas that have been disturbed and obscure views of developed areas. West Twin
Creek would experience the greatest difference in character, however the golf course development would
retain the feeling of openness and realignment of the creek would avoid the scouring of valley during
flooding that has periodically rernoved all vegetation. Restoration of riparian habitat would occur where
necessary with some assurance that flooding events would not denude the area providing for long term
enhancement of the area. The golf course would also be planted with trees which would eventually obscure
views of the golf course frorn passers-by on SR-18.
AHS IMPACT 5.1-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
GENERA TE ADDITIONAL LIGHT AND GLARE IN A PREVIOUSL Y UNDEVELOPED
AREA. [THRESHOLD AE-4]
Impact Analysis: Implementation of Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in additional sources of
light and glare with greater intensity in the areas where development currently exists adjacentto open space.
Since very few residences actually live near the Arrowhead Springs area and development would be
shielded by the terrain and landscaping, light and glare from the future development would affect a minimal
number of people or other sensitive users.
Relevant Polices and Development Standards
The policies and development standards set forth for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan for aesthetics
include the following:
Hillside Development
· To minimize the effects of grading and ensure that the natural character of hillside areas is retained;
· To protect and balance the rights of property owners with the desire of neighbors to preserve the
most visually significant slope banks and ridgelines in their natural state by providing for developing
hillsides at low densities;
· To encourage variety in housing types, padding techniques, grading techniques, lot sizes, site
design, density, arrangement, and spacing of homes and developments;
· To encourage innovative architectural, landscaping, circulation, and site design;
Page 5.1-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
. To discourage mass grading of large pads and excessive terracing;
. To provide for safe circulation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic to and within hillside areas, and to
provide adequate access for emergency vehicles necessary to serve hillside areas;
. To take into account unstable slopes, or slopes subject to erosion and deterioration, in order to
protect human lives and property;
. To encourage design and building practices to assure maximum safety from wild fire hazard;
. To preserve visually significant rock outcroppings, native plant materials, and natural hydrology;
. To protect and balance the rights of hillside property owners with the public benefits of reducing the
visual effects of grading and minimizing the apparent bulk of structures on ridges and hillsides; and
. To balance the desire of neighbors who may object to changes in a hill's natural shape with the
rights of property owners desiring to place upscale homes at low densities on slopes and ridges.
Design
. Dwelling units and structures shall be compatible with the natural surroundings of the area and shall
not dominate the natural environment.
. Exterior finishes of dwelling units and structures should blend in with the natural surroundings by
using earth tone colors and avoiding reflective materials or finishes.
. Site design should utilize varying setbacks, building heights, innovative building techniques, and
building and wall forms which serve to blend buildings into the terrain.
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. Dwelling units and structures shall be sited in a manner that will:
o Retain outward views from each unit;
o Preserve or enhance vistas, particularly those seen from public places;
o Preserve visually significant rock outcroppings, natural hydrology, native plant materials,
and areas of visual or historical significance.
. The highest point of any structure shall not exceed 25-feet above a natural or graded ridgeline. A
ridgeline is a long, narrow, conspicuous elevation which is visible north of Highland Avenue, from a
freeway, arterial, or collector street, which forms part of the skyline or is seen as a distant edge
against a backdrop of land at least 300 feet horizontally behind it. The height of a ridgeline shall not
be reduced more than necessary to construct roadways and structures but in any event more than
50,feet. Acceptable techniques to reduce the impact on ridgelines include the following:
o Use the natural ridgeline as a backdrop for structures;
o Use landscape plant materials as a backdrop; and
o Use the structure to maximize concealment of cut slopes.
. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan includes Development Requirements for residential, business,
mixed residential and business, and open space required for all new developments in the
Arrowhead Springs area. In addition general development standards, consistent with Section
19,20.030 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code.
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bemardino - Page 5.1-27
5. Environmental Analysis
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· Parking design standards within the Historic Hotel and Spa District and Village are to be determined
administratively, in consultation with the Development Services Department, subjectto the approval
of the Development Services Director. If agreement cannot be reached administratively, then a
parking variance application shall be required.
fI"t'
5.1.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.04, Residential Districts, contains applicable
regulations pertaining to commercial zone and industrial district development standards within the
City of San Bernardino.
· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.06, Cornmercial Districts, contains
applicable regulations pertaining to residential development standards within the City of San
Bernardino.
· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.28, Landscaping Standards, includes
general regulations, screening requirements, setback and parkway treatment standards, and
landscape design guidelines for new developments in the City of San Bernardino. These land-
scaping regulations are intended to enhance the aesthetic appearance of development in all areas
of the City by providing standards relating to quality, quantity and functional aspects of landscaping
and landscape screening; increase compatibility between residential and abutting commercial and
industrial land uses; reduce the heat and glare generated by development; protect public health,
safety, and welfare by minimizing the impact of all forms of physical and visual pollution, controlling
soil erosion, screening incornpatible land uses, preserving the integrity of neighborhoods, and
enhancing pedestrian and vehicular traffic and safety; and establish a water conservation plan to
reduce water consumption in the landscape environment by using drought tolerant principals.
iM',.
· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.20, Property Development Standards, to
ensure that new or modified uses and development will produce an urban environment of stable,
desirable character which is harmonious with the existing and future development, consistent with
the General Plan. The following general standards are discussed in detail in Section 19.20.030 ofthe
City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, which pertain to aesthetic quality and apply to new
development:
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o Access
o Additional Height Restrictions
o Antennae, Satellite Dish, and Telecommunications Facilities
o Design Considerations
o Dust and Dirt
o Environmental Resources/Constraints
o Exterior Building Walls
o Fences and Walls
o Glare
o Height Determination (Buildings and Structures)
o Lighting
o Projections into Setbacks
o Public Street Improvements
o Refuse Storage/Disposal
o Screening
o Solar Energy
o Signs, Off-Street Parking, Off-Street Loading and Landscaping
o Storage
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Page 5.1-28. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
. Pursuant to Section 19.20.030 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, no glare incidental to
any use shall be visible beyond the boundary line of the parcel.
. Pursuant to Section 19.20.030, exterior lighting shall be energy-efficient and shielded or recessed so
that direct glare and reflections are contained within the boundaries of the parcel, and shall be
directed downward and away from adjoining properties and public rights-of-way. No lighting shall
blink, flash, or be of unusually high intensity or brightness. All lighting fixtures shall be appropriate in
scale, intensity, and height to the use it is serving. Security lighting shall be provided at all
entrances/exits.
. The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.22, Sign Regulations, establishes sign
regulations that are intended to protect the general public health, safety, welfare, and aesthetics of
the community; implement community design standards, consistent with the General Plan; promote
the Community's appearance by regulating the design, character, location, type, quality of materials,
scale, color, illumination, and maintenance of signs; limit the use of signs which provide direction
and aid orientation for businesses and activities; promote signs that identify uses and premises
without confusion; and reduce possible traffic and safety hazards through good signage. No sign,
including a copy change, or temporary sign, unless exempted by this Chapter, shall be constructed,
displayed or altered without a sign permit or sign program approved by the City. The Director shall
review all signs unless otherwise stated. A sign permit for a sign program may be submitted for all
new commercial, office, and industrial centers consisting of three or more tenant spaces. The
program may be filed with the project application to construct the center, and can be processed
concurrently with the project application. The purpose of the program shall be to integrate signs with
building and landscaping design to form a unified architectural statement.
. The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19,24, Parking Standards and Design, contains
applicable regulations pertaining to parking standards and design within the City of San Bernardino.
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5.1.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.1.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Upon implementation of policies, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of approval, the following
impacts would be less than significant:
GPlmpact5,1-1
Build-out of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would have the potential to
alter the visual appearance and character of many areas including the conversion
of open space to urban land uses. In addition, redevelopment in the City, including
the University District, would also result in alteration of land uses, thus altering the
visual appearance of the urban areas. However, new developments are subject to a
development plan review process and subsequent CEQA review overseen by the
City, to ensure preservation of the aesthetic quality of the natural and man made
environment within the City of San Bernardino.
GP Impact 5.1'2
Build-out in accordance with the City of San Bernardino General Plan would result
in new sources of light and glare on existing residences and in areas where none
exists. However, Section 19.20.030 ofthe San Bernardino Municipal Code regulates
light and glare impacts from new developments.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.1-29
5. Environmental Analysis
5.1.5.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements, standard conditions of approval including the development
standards of the Specific Plan the following impacts would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.1-1
Land use change as a result of new development in accordance with the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would alter the visual appearance of an additional
306 acres of the 1 ,916-acre property, for a total of 506 acres of development. All
development plans for Arrowhead are subject to a development plan review
process overseen by the City, that would ensure compliance with the development
standards put forth in the Specific Plan that emphasize preservation of the natural
environment and sensitivity to existing topography. Additionally, the developed
areas would not be clearly visible to the majority of residents of San Bernardino or
nearby areas.
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AHS Impact 5.1-2
Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in the addition of new
sources of light and glare and the intensification of light and glare in and around the
existing developed areas. The developed areas would be too distant from existing
residential areas to adversely effect views of the area.
5.1.6 Mitigation Measures
No significant impacts have been identified for either the San Bernardino General Plan update or the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan and no mitigation measures are required.
5.1.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impacts identified have been determined to be less than significant with application of the existing conditions
and regulations in addition adherence to the goals and policies contained within the General Plan and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating aesthetics
have been identified.
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Page 5.1-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.2 AIR QUALITY
The analysis in this section is based in part on the following technical reports(s):
. General Plan Update 2004, Circulation Impact and Mitigation Measures, Transtech Engineers,
December 22, 2004.
. Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, Traffic Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures. Transtech
Engineers, December 29, 2004.
A complete copy of these studies is included in the Technical Appendices to this Draft EIR (Volume II,
Appendix G, and Volume III, Appendix H)
5.2.1 Environmental Setting
5.2.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Meteorologic Conditions
The City of San Bernardino and SOl areas lie in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB or Basin) which includes
all of Orange County as well as the non-desert portions of Los Angeles. Riverside, and San Bernardino
Counties. The Basin is located in a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills, and is bounded
by the Pacific Ocean in the southwest quadrant with high mountains forming the remainder ofthe perimeter.
The general region lies in the semi-permanent high pressure zone of the eastern Pacific. As a result, the
climate is mild, tempered by cool sea breezes. This usually mild climatological pattern is interrupted
infrequently by periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana winds.
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Temperature and Precipitation
The annual average temperature varies little throughout the 6,600-square-mile Basin, ranging from the low
60s to the high 80s, measured in degrees Fahrenheit. With a more pronounced oceanic influence, coastal
areas show less variability in annual minimum and maximum temperatures than inland areas. According to
the Western Regional Climate Center, the yearly average temperature of City of San Bernardino is 65.90F.1
The average low is reported at 39.40F in Decernber and January while the average high is 96,60F in July. All
areas in the Basin have recorded temperatures above 1000F in recent years, and temperatures as high as
1100F have been recorded at the Ontario station. January is typically the coldest month in this area of the
Basin, with minimum temperatures in the 30s.
In contrast to a very steady pattern of temperature, rainfall is seasonally and annually highly variable. Almost
all rain falls from November through April. Summer rainfall is normally restricted to widely scattered thunder-
showers near the coast, with slightly heavier shower activity in the east and over the mountains. According to
the Western Regional Climate Center, rainfall averages around 16.7 inches per year in the City of San
Bernardino.
Humidity
Although the Basin has a semi-arid climate, the air near the surface is typically moist because of the
presence of a shallow marine layer. Except for infrequent periods when dry, continental air is brought into the
Basin by off-shore winds, the ocean effect is dominant. Periods of heavy fog, especially along the coastline,
1 Western Regional Climate Center. City of San Bernardino. Obtained March, 2005 from http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-
bin/cIiMAlN.pl?casanb
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific PlanJ EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.2-I
5. Environmental Analysis
are frequent; and low stratus clouds, often referred to as "high fog" are a characteristic climatic feature.
Annual average hurnidity is 70 percent at the coast and 57 percent in the eastern portions of the Basin.
Wind
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Wind patterns across the south coastal region are characterized by westerly and southwesterly on-shore
winds during the day and by easterly or northeasterly breezes at night. Wind speed is somewhat greater
during the dry summer months than during the rainy winter season.
Between periods of dominant air flow, periods of air stagnation may occur, both in the morning and evening
hours. Whether such a period of stagnation occurs is one of the critical determinants of air quality conditions
on any given day. During the winter and fall months, surface high pressure systems over the Basin,
combined with other meteorological conditions, can result in very strong, down-slope Santa Ana winds.
These winds normally continue a few days before predominant meteorological conditions are reestablished.
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The mountain ranges to the east represent topographical features that affect the transport and diffusion of
pollutants in the project area by inhibiting the eastward transport of pollutants. Air quality in the SoCAB
generally ranges from fair to poor and is similar to air quality in most of coastal Southern California. The
entire region experiences heavy concentrations of air pollutants during prolonged periods of stable
atmospheric conditions.
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Inversions
In conjunction with the two characteristic wind patterns that affect the rate and orientation of horizontal
pollutant transport, there are two similarly distinct types of temperature inversions that control the vertical
depth through which pollutants are mixed. These inversions are the marine/subsidence inversion and the
radiation inversion. The height of the base of the inversion at any given time is known as the "mixing height."
This mixing height can change under conditions when the top of the inversion does not change. The
combination of winds and inversions are critical determinants in leading to the highly degraded air quality in
summer and the generally good air quality in the winter in the project area.
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Air Pollutants of Concern
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Criteria Air Pollutants
The air pollutants emitted into the ambient air by stationary and mobile sources are regulated by Federal and
State law. These regulated air pollutants are known as "criteria air pollutants" and are categorized as primary
and secondary pollutants. Primary air pollutants are those that are emitted directly from sources. Carbon
monoxide (CO), reactive organic gases (ROG), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (S02) and most fine
particulate matter (PM 10' PM2S) including lead (Pb) and fugitive dust; are primary air pollutants. Ofthese CO,
S02' PM 10 and PM25 are criteria pollutants. ROG and NOx are criteria pollutant precursors and go on to form
secondary criteria pollutants through chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Ozone (03)
and nitrogen dioxide (N02) are the principal secondary pollutants. Presented below is a description of each
of the primary and secondary criteria air pollutants and their known health effects.
Other pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, a natural by-product of animal respiration that is also produced in
the combustion process, have been linked to such phenomena as global warming. These emissions are
unregulated and there are no thresholds for their release. These pollutants do not jeopardize the attainment
status of the Basin and so are omitted from further discussion.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon
substances (e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel). The primary adverse health effect associated with CO is
interference with normal oxygen transfer to the blood, which may result in tissue oxygen deprivation.
Page 5.2-2 . The Planning Center
Jttly 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Reactive Organic Gases (ROGs) are compounds comprised primarily of atoms of hydrogen and carbon.
Internal combustion associated with motor vehicle usage is the major source of hydrocarbons. Other
sources of ROG include evaporative emissions associated with the use of paints and solvents, the appli-
cation of asphalt paving and the use of household consumer products such as aerosols. Adverse effects on
human health are not caused directly by ROG, but rather by reactions of ROG to form secondary pollutants
such as ozone.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) serve as integral participants in the process of photochemical smog production. The
two major forms of NOx are nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N02). NO is a colorless, odorless gas
formed from atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen when combustion takes place under high temperature and/or
high pressure. N02 is a reddish-brown irritating gas formed by the combination of NO and oxygen. NOx acts
as an acute respiratory irritant and increases susceptibility to respiratory pathogens.
Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) is a byproduct of fuel combustion. The principal form of N02 produced by
combustion is NO, but NO reacts with oxygen to form N02, creating the mixture of NO and N02 commonly
called NOx. N02 acts as an acute irritant and, in equal concentrations, is more injurious than NO, At
atmospheric concentrations, however, N02 is only potentially irritating. There is some indication of a
relationship between N02 and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Some increase in bronchitis in children (two and
three years old) has also been observed at concentrations below 0.3 part per million (ppm). N02 absorbs
blue light; the result is a brownish-red cast to the atmosphere and reduced visibility. N02 also contributes to
the formation of PMlO (particulates having an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or 0.0004 inch or less in
diameter) and ozone.
Sulfur Dioxide (802) is a colorless, pungent, irritating gas formed by the combustion of sulfurous fossil fuels.
Fuel combustion is the primary source of S02' At sufficiently high concentrations, S02 may irritate the upper
respiratory tract. At lower concentrations and when combined with particulates, 802 may do greater harm by
injuring lung tissue. A primary source of S02 emissions is from the burning of high sulfur content coal.
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Particulate Matter (PM) consists of finely divided solids or liquids such as soot, dust, aerosols, fumes and
mists. Two forms of fine particulates are now recognized. Course particles, or PMlO, include that portion of
the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns (i.e., 10 one-millionths of a meter or
0.0004 inch) or less. Fine particles, or PM25, have an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns (Le., 2.5 one-
millionths of a meter or 0.0001 inch) or less. Particulate discharge into the atmosphere results primarily from
industrial, agricultural, construction and transportation activities. However, wind action on arid landscapes
also contributes substantially to local particulate loading. Both PMlO and PM25 may adversely affect the
human respiratory system, especially in those people who are naturally sensitive or susceptible to breathing
problems.
Fugitive Dust primarily poses two public health and safety concerns. The first concern is that of respiratory
problems attributable to the suspended particulates in the air. Diesel particulates are classified by the CARB
as a carcinogen. The second concern is that of motor vehicle accidents caused by reduced visibility during
severe wind conditions. Fugitive dust may also cause significant property damage during strong windstorms
by acting as an abrasive rnaterial agent (much like sandblasting activities). Finally, fugitive dust can result in
a nuisance factor due to the soiling of proximate structures and vehicles.
Ozone (03) or smog is one of a number of substances called photochemical oxidants that are formed when
reactive organic compounds (ROC) and NOx (both byproducts of the internal combustion engine) react with
sunlight. 03 is present in relatively high concentrations in the SoCAB, and the damaging effects of
photochemical smog are generally related to the concentrations of 03.03 poses a health threat to those who
already suffer frorn respiratory diseases as well as to healthy people. Additionally, 03 has been tied to crop
damage, typically in the form of stunted growth and premature death. 03 can also act as a corrosive,
resulting in property damage such as the degradation of rubber products.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.2-3
5.
Environmental Analysis
Toxic Air Contaminants
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The public's exposure to toxic air contaminants (TACs) is a significant environmental health issue in
California. In 1983, the California Legislature enacted a program to identify the health effects of TACs and to
reduce exposure to these contaminants to protect the public health, The Health and Safety Code defines a
TAC as "an air pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious illness, or
which may pose a present or potential hazard to human health." A substance that is listed as a hazardous air
pollutant (HAP) pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 112 of the Federal act (42 USC Sec. 7412[bJ) is a toxic
air contaminant. Under State law, the California Environmental Protection Agency, acting through the CARB,
is authorized to identify a substance as a TAC if it determines the substance is an air pollutant that may
cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or to an increase in serious illness, or that may pose a present
or potential hazard to human health.
California regulates TACs primarily through AB 1807 (Tanner Air Toxics Act) and AB 2588 (Air Toxics "Hot
Spot" Information and Assessment Act of 1987). The Tanner Air Toxics Act sets forth a formal procedure for
CARB to designate substances as TACs. Once a TAC is identified, CARB adopts an "airborne toxics control
measure" for sources that emit designated TACs. If there is a safe threshold for a substance (a point below
which there is no toxic effect), the control measure must reduce exposure to below that threshold. If there is
no safe threshold, the rneasure must incorporate toxics best available control technology (T-BACT) to
minimize emissions. CARB has, to date, established formal control measures for 11 TACs, all of which are
identified as having no safe threshold,
..
Air toxics from stationary sources are also regulated in California under the Air T oxics "Hot Spot" Information
and Assessment Act of 1987. Under AB 2588, toxic air contaminant emissions from individual facilities are
quantified and prioritized by the air quality management district or air pollution control district. High priority
facilities are required to perform a health risk assessment and, if specific thresholds are exceeded, are
required to communicate the results to the public in the form of notices and public meetings,
...
To date the CARB has designated nearly 200 compounds as TACs. Additionally, the CARB has implemented
control measures for a number of compounds that pose high risks and show potential for effective control.
The majority of the estimated health risks from T ACs can be attributed to a relatively few compounds, one of
the most important in the southern California being particulate matter from diesel-fueled engines.
.>
In 1998, the CARS had identified particulate emissions from diesel,fueled engines (diesel PM) as a TAC.
Previously, the individual chemical compounds in the diesel exhaust were considered as TACs. Almost all
diesel exhaust particle mass is in the fine particle range of 10 microns or less in diameter. Because of their
extremely small size, these particles can be inhaled and eventually trapped in the bronchial and alveolar
regions of the lung.
In 2000, the SCAQMD conducted a study on ambient concentrations of TACs and estimated the potential
health risks from air toxics. The results showed that the overall risk for excess cancer from a lifetime expo-
sure to ambient levels of air toxics was about 1 ,400 in a million. The largest contributor to this risk was diesel
exhaust, accounting for 71 percent of the air toxics risk.
Other Effects of Air Pollution
Just as humans are affected by air pollution, so too are plants and animals. Animals rnust breathe the same
air and are subject to the same types of negative health effects. Certain plants and trees may absorb air
pollutants that can stunt their development or cause premature death. There are also numerous impacts to
our economy including lost workdays due to illness, a desire on the part of business to locate in areas with a
healthy environment, and increased expenses from medical costs. Pollutants may also lower visibility and
cause damage to property. Certain air pollutants are responsible for discoloring painted surfaces, eating
Page 5.2-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
away at stones used in buildings, dissolving the rnortar that holds bricks together, and cracking tires and
other items made from rubber.
In conformance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments, the Federal Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has prepared a monetary cost/benefit analysis related to implementation
requirements. By the year 2010, the EPA estimates that its emissions reductions programs would cost
approximately 27 billion dollars. The programs are estimated to result in a savings benefit of 110 billion
dollars for a net benefit of 83 billion dotlars2. While these values are for the nation as a whole, a net benefit
ratio of about 4:1 is noted and a sirnilar ratio could be expected for the City of San Bernardino and its
residents.
Another direct cost/benefit issue relates to Federal funding. Areas that do not meet the Federal air quality
standards may lose eligibility for Federal funding for road improvements and other projects that require
Federal or California Department of Transportation approval.
Cleaner air also yields benefits to ecological systems. The quantified benefits of Clean Air Act Amendments
programs reflected in the overall monetary benefits include: increased agricultural and timber yields;
reduced effects of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems; and, reduced effects of nitrogen deposited to coastal
estuaries. Many ecological benefits, however, remain difficult or impossible to quantify, or can only be quanti-
fied for a limited geographic area. The magnitude of quantified benefits and the wide range of unquantified
benefits nonetheless suggest that as we learn more about ecological systems and can conduct more
comprehensive ecological benefits assessments, estimates of these benefits could be substantially greater.
Regulatory Setting
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The development in the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas has the ability to release gaseous emissions of
criteria pollutants and dust into the ambient air, it falls under the ambient air quality standards promulgated
on the local, State, and Federal levels. The City of San Bernardino is located in the SoCAB and is subject to
the rules and regulations imposed by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). However,
the SCAQMD reports to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), and all criteria emissions are also
governed by the California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CMQS) as well as the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS)
The Clean Air Act Amendment of 1971 established national Ambient Air Quality Standards (MOS), with
states retaining the option to adopt more stringent standards or to include other pollution species. These
standards are the levels of air quality considered to provide a margin of safety in the protection of the public
health and welfare. They are designed to protect those "sensitive receptors" most susceptible to further
respiratory distress such as asthmatics, the elderly, very young children, people already weakened by other
disease or illness and persons engaged in strenuous work or exercise. Healthy adults can tolerate
occasional exposure to air pollutant concentrations considerably above these minimum standards before
adverse effects are observed.
Both the State of California and the Federal government have established health based Ambient Air Quality
Standards for six air pollutants. As shown in Table 5.2-1, these pollutants include ozone, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate matter (PMlO) and lead. (PM25 particulate matter has
also recently been added to this listing. However, for regulatory reasons discussed below and because the
SCAOMD has not issued daily criteria for this type of pollutant, potential PM25 impacts are omitted from this
analysis.) In addition, the State has set standards for sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride, and visibility
2 us. Environmental Protection Agency. Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act. Final Report to Congress on Benefits and Costs of
the Clean Air Act, 1990 to 2010. EPA 410-R-99-001.
General Plan Update and AJSOciated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-5
5. Environmental Analysis
reducing particles. These standards are designed to protect the health and welfare of the populace with a
reasonable margin of safety.
~Oiii'
Table 5.2-1
Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants
Federal
California Primary
Pollulant Averaging Time Standard Standard Major Pollutant Sources
1 hour 0.09 ppm 0.12 ppm Motor vehicles, paints, coatings,
Ozone (03) and solvents.
8 hours 0.07 ppm 0.08 ppm
Intemal combustion engines,
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 hour 20 ppm 35 ppm primarily gasoline-powered motor
vehicles.
8 hours 9.0 ppm 9 ppm
Motor vehicles, petroleum,refining
Annual Average * 0.05 ppm operations, industrial sources,
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO,) aircraft, ships, and railroads.
1 hour 0.25 ppm *
Fuel combustion, chemical plants,
Annual Average * 0,03 ppm sulfur recovery plants, and metal
Sulfur Dioxide (SO,) processing.
1 hour 0.25 ppm *
24 hours 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm
Dust and fume,producing
construction, industrial, and
Annual Arithmetic 20 f!g/m3 50 f!g/m3 agricultural operations, combustion,
Suspended Particulate atmospheric photochemical
Matter Mean reactions, and natural activities
(PM,o) (e.g. wind-raised dust and ocean
sprays) .
50 I-!g/m3 150 f!g/m3
24 hours (PM1O) (PM,o)
Dust and fume-producing
construction. industrial, and
Annual Arithmetic 12 f!g/m3 15 f!g/m3 agricultural operations, combustion,
Suspended Particulate atmospheric photochemical
Matter Mean reactions. and natural activities
(PM,s) (e.g. wind-raised dust and ocean
sprays).
24 hours * 65 f!g/m3
Present source: lead smelters,
Monthly 1.5 I-!g/m3 * battery manufacturing & recycling
Lead (Pb) facilities. Past source: combustion
of leaded gasoline.
Quarterly * 1,5 f!g/m3
Sulfates (S04) 24 hours 25 f!g/m3 * Industrial processes.
. '
~"
~..
~.
~.
...
...
-
.',
..'
ppm: parts per million; flg/m3: micrograms per cubic meter
* = standard has not been established for this pollutanVduration by this entity,
...
Page 5.2-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Air Quality Management Planning
The SCAQMD and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) are the agencies responsible
for preparing the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the SoCAB. Since 1979, a number of AOMPs
have been prepared. The 1997 AOMP, updated in 1999 and replaced in 2003, was based on the 1994 AOMP
and on the 1991 AOMP, and was designed to comply with State and Federal requirements, reduce the high
level of pollutant emissions in the SoCAB, and ensure clean air for the region through various control
measures. To accomplish its task, the 1991 AQMP relied on a multilevel partnership of governmental
agencies at the Federal, State, regional, and local level. These agencies (Le., the USEPA, CARB, local
governments, SCAG, and SCAOMD) are the cornerstones that implement the AOMP programs.
The most recent comprehensive plan is the 2003 Air Ouality Management Plan, which was adopted on
August 1 , 2003. The 2003 AOMP updates the attainment demonstration for the Federal standards for ozone
and particulate matter (PM1Q); replaces the 1997 attainment demonstration for the Federal carbon monoxide
(CO) standard and provides a basis for a maintenance plan for CO for the future; and updates the
maintenance plan for the Federal nitrogen dioxide (N02) standard that the South Coast Air Basin (Basin) has
met since 1992. The AOMP provides local guidance for the State Implementation Plan (SIP) which provides
the framework by which air quality basins would achieve attainrnent of the State and federal ambient air
quality standards.
Areas that meet ambient air quality standards are classified as "attainment" areas, while areas that do not
meet these standards are classified as "non-attainment" areas. Severity classifications for ozone non-
attainment include and range in magnitude from: marginal, moderate, serious, severe and extreme. The
attainment status for the SoCAB is included in Table 5.2-2.
Table 5.2-2
Attainment Status for the SoCAB
~
Pollutant State Status Federal Status
Ozone Extreme Non-attainment Extreme Non-attainment
PMlO Serious Non-attainment Serious Non-attainment
CO Attainment Attainment/Maintenance
NO, Attainment Attainment/Maintenance
The Basin is also designated as attainment of the CAAOS for S02' lead, and sulfates. Areas that are extreme
non-attainment of the ozone standard must meet attainment by November 15, 2010. Areas considered as
serious non-attainment of the PM 10 standards must reach attainment by December 31 of the year 2006, or as
expeditiously as possible.
Federal Clean Air Act Requirements
The CAA requires the creation of plans to provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control
measures, including the adoption of reasonably available control technology, for reducing emissions from
existing sources. Emission control innovations in the form of market-based approaches are explicitly
encouraged by the CAA. The SCAQMD is the first local agency in the country to adopt a market-based
approach for controlling stationary source emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. Other Federal
requirements addressed in the revision include mechanisms to track plan implementation and milestone
compliance for 03 and CO.
The USEPA is now phasing out and replacing the current 1-hour primary ozone standard with a new 8-hour
standard to protect against longer exposure periods. The new ozone standard is set at a concentration of
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.2 - 7
5. Environmental Analysis
I!l'lb
0.08 parts per million (ppm) and represents a tightening of the existing 1-hour ozone standard, which is
currently set at 0.12 ppm. Under the standard adopted by USEPA, areas are allowed to disregard their three
worst measurements every year and average their fourth highest measurements over three years to
determine if they meet the standard.
For particulate matter, the USEPA established a new annual and a 24-hour standard for PM25 to complement
the existing PMlO standards. The new annual PM25 standard is set at 15 micrograms per cubic meter and
the new 24-hour PM25 standard is set at 65 micrograms per cubic meter. The annual component of the
standard was set to provide protection against typical day-to-day exposures as well as longer-term
exposures, while the daily component protects against more extreme short-term events. For the new 24-hour
PM25 standard, the form of the standard is based on the 98th percentile of 24-hour PM25 concentrations
measured in a year (averaged over three years) at the monitoring site with the highest measured values in an
area. This form of the standard will reduce the impact of a single high exposure event that may be due to
unusual meteorological conditions and thus provide a more stable basis for effective control programs.
.-
While USEPA has retained the current annual PMlO standard of 50 micrograrns per cubic meter, it has
modified the form of the 24-hour PMlO standard set at 150micrograms per cubic meter. More specifically,
USEPA revised the one-expected exceedance form of the current standard with a 99th percentile form,
averaged over three years.
The state implementation plans that will incorporate attainment demonstrations with the new 8-hour and
PM25 standards are expected to be required within three years of the air quality designations, or by 2007.
Therefore, the current regulatory control strategies will continue to focus on attaining the 1-hour ozone
standard, with the recognition that these controls will have benefits toward attaining the 8,hour ozone and
PM25 standards. The USEPA is considering several options in transitioning frorn the 1-hour to the 8-hour
standard, while ensuring that no backsliding will occur. Based on the recent consent decree guidance, it is
most likely that the Basin will have to meet the federal PM25 standards by 2014 and the 8-hour ozone
standard by 2021.
'iii.
Baseline Air Quality
Existing levels of ambient air quality and historical trends and projections in the City of San Bernardino and
SOl area are best documented by measurements made by the SCAOMD. The City of San Bernardino is
located within the central portion of Source Receptor Area (SRA) 34 (Central San Bernardino Valley). The
SCAOMD air quality monitoring station in the SRA34 is located within the City of San Bernardino on 4th street.
Data from this station is summarized below in Table 5.2-3.
N
,....
...
Page 5.2-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5.
Environmental Analysis
Pol1l1tant/Standard
2000
Oitine
State 1-Hour 2. 0.09 ppm
State 8-Hour '" 0.07 ppm
Federal1,Hour > 0.12 ppm
Federal 8-Hour > 0.08 ppm
Max. 1,Hour Cone. (ppm)
Max. 8-Hour Cone. (ppm)
(]alliifrfMonoxltJe
48
6
29
0.147
0.112
State 8-Hour > 9.0 ppm 0 0 0 0 0
Federal 8-Hour 2. 9.5 ppm 0 0 0 0 0
Max. 8-Hour Cone. (ppm) 4.14 3.26 3.20 4.45 3.24
Nitmgen Ditixide
State 1-Hour 2. 0.25 ppm
Max. 1-Hour Cone. (ppm)
Oo~ts~,]'J<J,.tictJ'at~s. PMoJ3
State 24-Hour > 50 j.lg/m3
Federal 24-Hour > 150 j.lg/m3
Max. 24,Hour Cone, g/m3
Fii/(HParti(;IJt~tes(pM.3
Federal 24-Hour > 65 j.lg/m3 5
Max. 24-Hour Cone. (J.Ig/m3) 78.5
ppm: parts per million; JJg/m3: micrograms per cubic meter
Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District. San Bernardino 4th Street Monitoring Station
~
The data show recurring violations of both the State and Federal ozone standards. The data also indicate
that the area regularly exceeds the State PMlO standards. Additionally. PM25 has exceeded the Federal
standard since this pollutant has been monitored. Neither the CO nor N02 standard have been violated in the
last five years at this station.
Sensitive Receptors
Some land uses are considered more sensitive to air pollution than others due to the types of population
groups or activities involved. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely ill, and the
chronically ill, especially those with cardio-respiratory diseases.
Residential areas are also considered to be sensitive receptors to air pollution because residents (including
children and the elderly) tend to be at home for extended periods of time, resulting in sustained exposure to
any pollutants present. Other sensitive receptors include retirement facilities, hospitals, and schools.
Recreational land uses are considered moderately sensitive to air pollution. Although exposure periods are
generally short, exercise places a high demand on respiratory functions, which can be impaired by air
pollution. In addition, noticeable air pollution can detract from the enjoyment of recreation. Industrial and
commercial areas are considered the least sensitive to air pollution. Exposure periods are relatively short and
intermittent, as the majority of the workers tend to stay indoors most of the time. In addition, the working
population is generally the healthiest segment of the public.
General Plan Update and AJSociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.2-9
5. Environmental Analysis
5.2.1.2
Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area is also located in the central portion of SRA 24. The closest
monitoring station to Arrowhead Springs is also the San Bernardino 4th Street monitoring station. Refer to
Table 5.2-3 for existing air quality for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area.
5.2.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
AQ-1
Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan.
..
AQ-2
Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected
air quality violation.
AQ-3
Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which
the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air
quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative
thresholds for ozone precursors).
""
AQ-4
Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.
Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.3
~,
AQ-5
The Initial Study, included as Volume 2, Appendix A, substantiates that impacts associated with the following
thresholds would be less than significant only for the General Plan: AQ-5
Wf-"
South Coast Air Quality Management District Thresholds
""
CEQA allows for the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management or air pollution
control district to be used to assess impacts of a project on air quality. The SCAQMD has established
thresholds of significance for air quality for construction activities and project operation as shown below in
Table 5.2-4:
...
Table 5.2-4
SCAQMD' S' .t,. Th h Id
S :Igm Icance res 0 s
Air Pollutant Construction Phase Operational Phase
Reactive Organic Gases (RaG) 75 Ibs/day 55 Ibs/day
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 Ibs/day 550 Ibs/day
Nitrogen Oxides (NO,) 100 Ibs/day 55 Ibs/day
Sulfur Oxides (Sax) 150 Ibs/day 150 Ibs/day
Particulates (PMlO) 150 Ibs/day 150 Ibs/day
...'
""'"
3 The Initial Study concluded impacts less than significant for this threshold for the General Plan however, the Initial Study did not
analyze odor impacts from the proposed wastewater treatment plant proposed as part of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. As
a result. odor impacts will be discussed for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project.
Page 5.2-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
In addition to the daily thresholds listed above, projects are also subject to the ambient air quality standards.
These are addressed though an analysis of localized CO impacts. The California 1-hour and 8-hour CO
standards are:
. 1 hour = 20 parts per million
. 8 hour = 9 parts per million
5.2.3 Environmental Impacts
5.2.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The following impact analysis addresses those air quality issues for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts, The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
The City of San Bernardino General Plan guides growth and development within the City of San Bernardino.
The City of San Bernardino had a year 2000 population of 185,401 and 63,535 housing units', which does
not include the City's SOl area. Upon build-out of the General Plan, San Bernardino's future population is
projected to grow to 276,264 in the City and 42,976 in the SOl areas.
The included analysis is based on methodologies and emission factors included in the SCAQMD Handbook
and URBEMIS2002 computer model and CARB's EMFAC2002 and CALlNE4 computer models.
GP IMPACT 5.2.1:
THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN UPDATE IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
SOUTH COAST AQMP. [THRESHOLD AQ-1]
~
Impact Analysis: CEQA requires that General Plans be evaluated for consistency with the AQMP. A
consistency determination plays an important role in local agency project review by linking local planning
and individual projects to the AQMP. It fulfills the CEQA goal of informing decision-makers of the
environmental effects of the project under consideration at a stage early enough to ensure that air quality
concerns are fully addressed. It also provides the local agency with ongoing information as to whether they
are contributing to clean air goals contained in the AQMP. Only new or amended General Plan elements,
Specific Plans, and major projects need to undergo a consistency review. This is because the AQMP
strategy is based on projections from local General Plans. Projects that are consistent with the local General
Plan are considered consistent with the air quality-related Regional Plan.
Discussion with the SCAQMD (Susan Nakamura, Planning Manager, (March 2, 2004) noted that if growth
projections included in the 2003 AQMP are not exceeded, a project would generally be considered to be
consistent with the 2003 AQMP if it incorporates emissions reduction measures included in the 2003 AQMP.
The emissions forecasted within the 2003 AQMP are based on forecasts of various socioeconomic
categories such as population, housing and employment. These demographic growth forecasts were
developed by SCAG for their 2001 Regional Transportation Program (RTP) to estimate future emissions
described in the 2003 AQMP and in the demonstration of attainment of the State and federal Ambient Air
Quality Standards (MQS).
As shown in Section 5.8, Land Use, in Table 5.8-4, the existing General Plan population and buildout
projections are greater than those projected for the General Plan Update. As a result, the General Plan
update would be consistent with the AQMP as the growth and buildout projections do not exceed those
projected within the existing General Plan.
4 US Census Bureau 2000,
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City o/San Bernardino . Page 5.2-11
5. Environmental Analysis
...
GP IMPACT 5.2-2:
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROPOSED PROJECT
WOULD GENERATE SHORT-TERM EMISSIONS WHILE LONG-TERM
OPERATION OF THE PROJECT WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL VEHICLE
TRIPS AND ASSOCIATED EMISSIONS IN EXCEEDANCE OF SCAQMD'S
THRESHOLD CRITERIA. [THRESHOLDS AQ-2 AND AQ-3]
Impact Analysis:
Construction
Construction activity would occur over the build-out horizon in accordance with the proposed General Plan
Update would cause temporary, short-term emissions of various air pollutants. ROG, NOx, PMlO and CO
would be emitted by the operation of construction equipment, while fugitive dust (PMlO) would be emitted by
activities that disturb the soil, such as grading and excavation, road construction and building demolition and
construction. Information regarding specific development projects, soil types, and the locations of receptors
would be needed in order to quantify the level of irnpact associated with construction activity. However, given
the amount of development that the proposed General Plan Update could accommodate, it is reasonable to
conclude that some major construction activity could occur at any given time over the life of the General
Plan, which could exceed SCAOMD's adopted thresholds and would result in a significant air quality impact
due to construction activities.
."'-
Operation
The San Bernardino General Plan Update guides growth and development within the City of San Bernardino
by designating land uses and through implementation of goals and policies. With growth, comes additional
emissions generate by stationary and vehicular sources. These emissions contribute to the overall emissions
inventory in the air basin.
--'
The project includes the planned developrnent within developed and undeveloped portions of the City. Upon
General Plan build-out, the City of San Bernardino is anticipated too have 95,664 housing units,
approximately 195.7 million square-feet of commercial and industrial uses, 7.4 million square feet of public
facilities, and 3,091 acres of public and private open space. Although the San Bernardino General Plan does
not assume an ultimate build-out date, the General Plan assumes an annual rate of growth. To obtain air
quality emissions estimates of the amount of emissions attributable to the additional development associated
with the proposed General Plan update, the UBEMIS2002 emissions inventory model was used. The
additional land use development due to the build-out of the General Plan update is based on the difference
in development between year 2005 and 2030 conditions. There is no data on the total existing year 2005 land
use areas. As such, 2005 development areas were calculated based on housing and employment
projections from the RTP as detailed in Table 5.11-2 in Section 5.11 , Population and Housing. While build-out
will ultimately be market driven, for modeling purposes this analysis is based on the assumption that all uses
will be implemented by the year 2030 and emissions are based on this horizon.
..
...
ilI!!l'-'
JIll'
Operational impacts could result from local and regional vehicle emissions generated by future traffic growth,
as well as direct emissions due to the use of on-site utilities and consumer goods associated with the
proposed land uses. The daily number of vehicle trips associated with build-out of the proposed General
Plan was based the URBEMS2002 trip generation calculations assumed from build-out associated with the
proposed land uses. The total emissions generated by the proposed land uses are included in Table 5.2 4.
To calculate the increase in emissions that would occur due to the increased development discussed under
the General Plan Update, emissions associated with the additional development was calculated and
evaluated against the SCAOMD daily operational phase emissions thresholds.
'"
pa;
In addition to vehicle emissions, emissions would be created from stationary sources including the use of
natural gas, the use of landscape maintenance equipment, fireplaces and the use of consumer products,
Page 5.2-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
such as aerosol sprays. Emissions were calculated for both the summer and winter seasons. The primary
differences in emissions between these two seasons are fireplace ernissions that occur in the winter.
Emissions from wood fired fire places contribute substantial emissions during the winter season. These
emissions are also predicted by the URBEMIS2002 model and included in Table 5.2 6. Various industrial and
cornmercial processes (e.g., dry cleaning) allowed under the proposed General Plan Update would also be
expected to release emissions; some of which could be hazardous. These emissions are controlled at the
local and regional level through permitting and would be subjectto further study and health risk assessment
prior to the issuance of any necessary air quality permits. Because the nature of these emissions cannot be
determined at this time, and are subject to further regulation and permitting, they will not be addressed
further in this analysis.
As noted in Table 5.2-5, future growth in accordance with the proposed General Plan Update would exceed
the daily SCAOMD thresholds for CO, NOx, ROG, PM1O. The exceedance of the SCAOMD emissions
thresholds would be expected because these thresholds were designed for individual projects. As such,
specific or general plans would substantially exceed the SCAOMD thresholds by orders of magnitude
because these plans incorporate the development of multitudes of individual projects. Exceedance of the
SCAOMD daily emissions thresholds is considered to result in a significant adverse impact.
Table 5.2-5
Project Related Operational Phase Emissions
(In Pounds Per Day)
General Plan Build-Out Year 2030
...... , , RaG NOi- 00 S02 PMto
Area Sources 574 448 218 1 1
Vehicle Sources 2.418 2,098 25,754 70 12,164
Total 2,991 2,546 25,972 71 12,164
Wlnle,f '. "", ' ROG Nlli "'CO S02 PM/o
Area Sources 12,868 586 13,746 21 1,859
Vehicle Sources 2,203 3,010 23,881 63 12,164
Total 15,071 3,597 37,627 84 14,022
SCAQMD Standard 75 100 550 150 150
Significant? Yes Yes Yes No Yes
~
Source: The Planning Center using the URBEMIS2002 emissions inventory model. March 2005.
GP IMPACT 5.2-3:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAN BERNARDtNO GENERAL PLAN UPDATE
WOULD RESULT IN A CUMULATIVELY CONSIDERABLE NET INCREASE OF
CRITERIA POLLUTANTS FOR WHICH THE PROJECT REGION IS IN A STATE
OF NON-ATTAINMENT. [THRESHOLD AQ-3]
As discussed previously, the proposed project would result in emissions which exceed the SCAOMD
emissions thresholds for both the construction and operational phases. The SCAOMD considers exceedance
of their daily significance thresholds to lead to a significant contribution to emissions on a cumulative basis.
Because the air basin is currently in a state of non-attainment for CO, ozone and particulate matter, the
additional air pollution generated by further development of the General Plan would incrementally contribute
to the state of non-attainment of the ambient air quality standards.
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-13
5. Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.2-4:
BUlLDOUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN UPDATE WOULD NOT
EXPOSE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS TO SUBSTANTIAL POLLUTANT
CONCENTRA TlONS. [THRESHOLD AQ-4]
Impact Analysis: An impact is potentially significant if concentration of emissions exceed the State or
Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards. Methodologies for the modeling of concentrations of criteria
pollutants have not been established at a city level to demonstrate compliance with CEQA requirements.
Modeling concentrations of pollutants at this macro level of analysis is typically only performed by local air
quality districts. Macro scale analyses of pollutant concentrations would involve urban airshed modeling
which involves multiple cities and meteorological data and are not conducted for General Plans. However, a
defined methodology has been established by the SCAQMD to determine concentrations of CO at a local
level such as for individual projects or General Plans. Modeling of CO is performed for vehicle sources
because they have the potential for creation of CO "hot spots" at heavily congested intersections. Because
CO is produced in greatest quantities from vehicle combustion and does not readily disperse into the
atmosphere, adherence to the Ambient Air Quality Standards is typically demonstrated through an analysis
of localized CO concentrations. Areas of vehicle congestion have the potential to create "pockets" of CO
called "hot spots." These pockets may have the potential to exceed the State 1 hour standard of 20 ppm
and/or the a hour standard of 9.0 ppm or Federal levels of 35 and 9 ppm, respectively.
...
...
During the operations phase of the General Plan Update, traffic may have the potential to contribute to local
area air quality impacts. Analysis at selected intersections was performed to determine the potential for the
presence or the creation of CO hot spots attributable to the proposed project. Local area CO concentrations
were projected using the CALlNE4 traffic pollutant dispersion model. The analysis of CO impacts followed
the protocol recommended by the California Department of Transportation's Transportation Project-Level
Carbon Monoxide Protocol (Protocol) (December 1997). It is also consistent with procedures identified
through the SCAQMD CO modeling protocol, with all four corners of each intersection analyzed to determine
whether project operations would result in CO concentrations that exceed the national or state CO MQS.
Consistent with and required by the Caltrans Protocol, sensitive receptor monitoring was conducted 10 feet
from the edge of the road for each corner of the intersection. Placing the sensitive receptor locations 10 feet
from the edge of the road at each corner of the study intersection represents a worst case modeling
approach in which these locations are exposed to peak hour traffic volumes traveling at speeds associated
with congested road conditions and under meteorological conditions conducive to pollutant formation.
Receptor locations further than 10 feet from the edge of the road and further from the study intersection
would experience lower concentrations of CO due to increase pollutant dispersion from the pollutant source.
~.
."
..
,,""-
The CALlNE4 model generates results of CO concentrations averaged over a one-hour time period under
worst case atmospheric conditions for the area which include low wind speeds and low atmospheric
circulation. Eight-hour concentrations were calculated by converting the 1-hour concentrations to 8-hour
equivalents, using the conversion protocol recommended by the SCAQMD.
Future CO concentrations were determined by adding the predicted increase in CO concentrations
attributable to the operation of the proposed project to a projected ambient concentration. Traffic conditions
during the build-out year of year of the project were modeled for the baseline traffic scenario (i.e., future
traffic not including the project) and the baseline-plus-project condition. CO concentrations associated with
both the baseline and baseline-plus-project condition are evaluated against the AAQS.
Congested intersections that are most conducive to the formation of CO hotspots were modeled. Table 5.2-6
lists the existing year 2003 and build-out year 2030 CO concentrations that would occur at the study area
intersections, with and without the proposed project. Build-out year CO concentrations were found to be
lower than the existing year 2005 concentrations due to technological improvements in vehicle emissions.
Based on the CALlNE4 analyses, neither the existing nor future year traffic would result in any exceedances
of the state 1-hour CO MQS at the study area intersections. Similarly, a-hour concentrations at the analyzed
Page 5.2-14. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
intersections would be below the state AAQS, as shown in Table 5.2-7. Consequently, sensitive receptors in
the area would not be significantly adversely affected by CO emissions generated by operation of the
proposed project. Localized air quality impacts related to CO from mobile source emissions would therefore
be less than significant for the proposed project.
Rece tor
Hunts Lane/E Street
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
Waterman Avenue/30th Street
Table 5.2-6
One-Hour Carbon Monoxide Dispersion Analysis For Existing Year 2000
and Year 2030 Build-out Year of the General Plan Update
(In Parts Per Million)
Year 2030
Build-out
7,7
7.4
6.6
8.0
Northeast 6,6 3.8 20 No
Southeast 6,1 3.9 20 No
Southwest 7.2 3.9 20 No
Northwest 6,7 3.9 20 No
SR-30 Westbound Ramp/30th Street
Northeast 5.7 3,8 20 No
Southeast 5,6 3.8 20 No
Southwest 5,5 3,8 20 No
Northwest 5.7 3.8 20 No
~
Tippecanoe Avenue/Rialto Avenue
Southeast 6,0 3.8 20 No
Southwest 5,9 3.8 20 No
Northwest 5,9 3.8 20 No
Northeast 5.8 3.8 20 No
MountamVlew/San Bernardmo Road
Northeast 5.4 3.8 20 No
Southeast 6.2 3.9 20 No
Southwest 5.9 3.9 20 No
Northwest 5,9 3.9 20 No
Source: The Planning Center based on the Caltrans' traffic emission dispersion model CALlNE4
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-] 5
5. Environmental Analysis
..
.,'
Table 5.2-7
Eight-Hour Carbon Monoxide Dispersion Analysis For Existing Year 2000
and Year 2030 Build-out Year of the General Plan Update
(In Parts Per Million)
Year 2025 SCAQMD
Build-out Threshold
..
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
~l'.. If
/30th Sir t
a erfiJan , venue ee ,
Northeast 5.0 3.0 9 No
Southeast 4.7 3.1 9 No
Southwest 5.5 3.1 9 No
Northwest 5.1 3.1 9 No
""
SR-30 Westbound Ramp/30th Street
Northeast 4.4 3.0 9 No
Southeast 4.3 3.0 9 No
Southwest 4.3 3.0 9 No
Northwest 4.4 3.0 9 No
Tippecanoe Avenue/Ria/to Avenue
Southeast 4.6 3.0 9 No
Southwest 4.6 3.0 9 No
Northwest 4.6 3.0 9 No
Northeast 4.5 3.0 9 No
.,..,
Mountain View/San Bernardino Road
..
Northeast 4.2 3.0 9 No
Southeast 4.8 3.1 9 No
Southwest 4,6 3.1 9 No
Northwest 4.6 3,1 9 No
..'
Source: The Planning Center based on the Caltrans' traffic emission dispersion model CALlNE4
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The relevant General Plan policies and programs pertaining to air quality include the following:
"'",
Natural Resources and Conservation Element
Policy 12.4.2: Impose conditions and enforce mitigation measures on mining operations to reduce dust,
noise, and safety hazards associated with removal of construction aggregate and minimize impacts on
adjacent properties and environmental resources.
...
Policy 12.4.8: Require that new, non-mining land uses adjacent to existing mining operations be designed
to provide a buffer between the new development and the mining operations. The buffer distance shall be
based on an evaluation of noise, aesthetics, drainage, operating conditions, biological resources,
topography, lighting, traffic, operating hours, and air quality.
Page 5.2-16 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 12.5.1: Reduce the emiSSion of pollutants including carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen,
photochemical smog, and sulfate in accordance with South Coast Air Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) standards.
Policy 12.5.2: Prohibit the development of land uses (e.g. heavy manufacturing) that will contribute
significantly to air quality degradation, unless sufficient mitigation measures are undertaken according
SCAQMD standards.
Policy 12.5.3: Require dust abatement measures during grading and construction operations.
Policy 12.5.4: Evaluate the air emissions of industrial land uses to ensure that they will not impact adjacent
uses.
Policy 12.5.5: Purchase City vehicles that use energy efficient fuel and minirnize air pollution.
Policy 12.6.1: Promote a pattern of land uses which locates residential uses in close proximity to
employment and commercial services and provides, to the fullest extent possible, local job opportunities and
commercial service to minimize vehicular travel and associated air emissions.
Policy 12.6.2: Disperse urban service centers (libraries, post offices, social services, etc.) throughout the
City to minimize vehicle miles traveled and the concomitant dispersion of air pollutants.
Policy 12.6.3: Install streetscape improvements and other amenities to encourage pedestrian activity in key
City areas and reduce vehicular travel and associated air emissions.
Policy 12.6.4: Facilitate the development of centralized parking lots and structures in commercial districts
to promote walking between individual businesses in lieu of the use of automobiles. (LU-1)
~
Policy 12.6.5: Require qualifying development to implement or participate in transportation demand
management programs, which provide incentives for car pooling, van pools, and the use of public transit and
ernploy other trip reduction techniques (consistent with the Circulation Element and South Coast Air Quality
Management Plan).
Policy 12.6.6: Continue to cooperate with Omnitrans and the Rapid Transit District to expand as necessary
the comprehensive mass transit system for the City to reduce vehicular travel.
Policy 12.6.7: Promote the use of public transit and alternative travel modes to reduce air emissions.
Policy 12.7.1: Cooperate with the South Coast Air Quality Management District and incorporate pertinent
local implementation provisions of the Air Quality Management Plan.
Policy 12.7.2: Work with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to establish controls and monitor
uses in the City that could add to the air basin's degradation (e.g. auto repair, manufacturers).
Policy 12.7.3: Coordinate with SCAQMD to ensure that all elements of air quality plans regarding reduction
of air pollutant emissions are being enforced.
Policy 12.7.4: Work with the other cities in the South Coast Air Basin to implement regional mechanisms to
reduce air emissions and improve air quality.
Policy 12.7.5: Support legislation that promotes cleaner industry, clean fuel vehicles, and more efficient
burning engines and fuels.
Policy 12.7.6: Encourage, publicly recognize, and reward innovative approaches to improve air quality.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-17
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 12.7.8: Involve environmental groups, the business community, special interests, and the general
public in the formulation and implementation of programs that actively reduce airborne pollutants.
5.2.3.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is the blueprint for development for the Arrowhead Springs area.
Currently the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is comprised of uses associated with the historical resort
onsite, developed around the natural springs in the area. The area is no longer open as resort, however. The
facilities present consist of approximately 34 buildings including a hotel, an auditorium, a chapel,
dormitories, a pool and cabanas, residential bungalows, office buildings, and maintenance buildings. Only
the office, maintenance, and select bungalow buildings are currently utilized.
The uses proposed for the development are discussed in Section 3.3.4 of this DEIA.
AHS IMPACT 5.2-1:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN PROJECT IS CONSISTENT WITH
THE SOUTH COAST AQMP. [THRESHOLD AQ-1]
Impact Analysis: As noted in the discussion of GP IMPACT 5.2-1, SCAOMD would consider a project to be
generally consistent with the 2003 AOMP if growth projections included in the 2003 AOMP are not exceeded
and the project incorporates emissions reduction measures included in the 2003 AOMP. The explanation of
consistency stated in the General Plan Update impact section also applies to the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan. The rnajority of the Arrowhead Spring Specific Plan area is currently located outside the City limits for
the City of San Bernardino but was also considered within the SOl and was included in the calculations of
existing General Plan buildout. As shown in Section 5.8, Land Use, in Table 5.8-4, the existing General Plan
population and buildout projections are greater than those projected for the General Plan Update. The
buildout projections for the General Plan Update also include buildout of the City of San Bernardino and the
Sphere of Influence areas, including the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project. With the increase in
population due to the Arrowhead Springs project, the buildout projections of the existing General Plan are
still greater than the proposed update. Given that the AOMP is based on the existing General Plan which has
greater projections than the proposed General Plan update and that the buildout projections for the General
Plan update include the SOl (and the Arrowhead Springs project), it can be concluded that the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan would also be consistent with the AOMP.
~
-
..
...
"',
...
Page 5.2-18. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS IMPACT 5.2-2:
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROPOSED PROJECT
WOULD GENERATE SHORT- TERM EMISSIONS WHILE LONG- TERM
OPERATION OF THE PROJECT WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL VEHICLE
TRIPS AND ASSOCIATED EMISSIONS IN EXCEEDANCE OF SCAQMD'S
THRESHOLD CRITERIA. [THRESHOLDS AQ-2 AND AQ-3]
Impact Analysis:
Construction
Construction activities from development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would produce combustion
emissions from various sources such as site grading, utility engines, on-site heavy-duty construction
vehicles, equipment-hauling materials to and frorn the site, asphalt paving, and motor vehicles transporting
the construction crew. Exhaust emissions from construction activities envisioned on site would vary daily as
construction activity levels change.
Construction activities associated with new developrnent occurring in the project area would temporarily
increase air pollutant emissions in the project vicinity. The primary source of air pollutant emissions is
gasoline- and diesel-powered, heavy-duty mobile construction equipment such as scrapers and motor
graders. Primary sources of PMlO emissions would be clearing and demolition activities, excavation and
grading operations, construction vehicle traffic on unpaved ground, and wind blowing over exposed earth
surfaces. During the construction phase, over 14 million cubic yards of cut and fill soil would be moved (7
million for cut and 7 million for fill onsite) for development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project
footprint. This estimate of disturbed soil does not include remedial grading activities that may be required
due eliminate slope instability, which may total an additional 1 million cubic yards.
Emissions generated from construction activities are anticipated to cause temporary increases in pollutant
emissions. The quantity of air pollutant emissions generated are dependant on a number of factors,
including soil composition on site, the amount of soil disturbed, wind speed, the number and type of
machinery used, the construction schedule, and the proximity of other construction and demolition projects.
The included analysis is based on the URBEMIS2002 computer model. The results of the URBEMIS2002
computer modeling are included in Table 5.2-8 and assume a worst-case scenario for construction
emissions from build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan in two phases over a ten year buildout
period. The first phase between the years of 2005-2007 assumes demolition, all mass grading, paving of
major roads, installation of water and sewer facilities and dry utilities. The second phase would include
construction of all structures for residential and commercial use. Site grading would occur over a two year
period, with an estimated 28,409 cubic yards of cut and fill per day. Subsequent building construction was
then assumed to occur over the following eight years with full buildout in the year 2015. Emissions estimates
included in Table 5.2-8 represent worst-case emissions estimates from any given year during those phases,
Table 5.2-8
Project Related Construction Phase Emissions
(In Pounds Per Day)
CO ROG NOx SO, PMIO
Site Grading (2005-2007\ 184 23 168 0.00 3,362
Building Construction (2007-2015) 483 815 131 0.18 6.11
SCAQMD Standard 550 75 100 150 150
Significant? Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Source: The Planning Center using the URBEMIS2002 emissions inventory model.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-19
~
5. Environmental Analysis
As shown in Table 5.2-8, construction emissions for CO, ROG and NOx would significantly exceed the
SCAOMD threshold during both site grading and construction.
Operation
Long-term air emission impacts are those associated with stationary sources and mobile sources related to
any change related to the proposed project. The proposed development would consist of 1 ,350 residential
units, 1,049,190 square-feet of commercial and office uses, 199-acre public golf course, a new 300 room
hotel and conference center, reuse and expansion of the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel resort. The
stationary sources of emissions from the land uses associated from build-out of the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan would come from its consumption of natural gas and electricity. Based on the traffic study
prepared for the San Bernardino General Plan Update by Transtech Engineers (December 2004), the
proposed project would generate 24,412 average daily trips upon cumulative build-out of phase one and
phase two of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan development. Using the emissions inventory model
URBEMIS2002, emissions associated with project-related vehicular trips were calculated and are included in
Table 5.2-9.
~.
$uii({jji,., " "., h "(;JJUJ "".R(J(;U, NOx sa, 'PM.td
,'" , Stationary Sources (electricity/natural gas consumption,
landscaping) 12 68 19 0 0
Mobile Sources 1,123 117 113 2 230
Total 1,233 185 132 2 230
SCAOMD Standard 550 55 55 150 150
Significant? Yes Yes Yes No Yes
JIIinter CO ROG NOx S02 PMjo
Stationary Sources (electricity/natural gas consumption,
landscaping) 1,668 1,580 36 3 228
Mobile Sources 1,155 99 162 1 230
Total 2,831 1,679 198 4 459
SCAOMD Standard 550 55 55 150 150
Significant? Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Table 5.2-9
Project Related Operational Phase Emissions
(In Pounds Per Day)
.. '
..'
Source: The Planning Center uSing the URBEMIS2002 emiSSions Inventory model.
...
As shown, project-related emissions would exceed the SCAOMD daily emissions thresholds for CO, ROG,
NOx, and PM1O. Winter emissions generate substantially more than summer emissions because the
residential units were modeled using conservative rates of wood burning fireplaces. Wood burning fireplaces
emit a substantial amount of air pollutants because it is an uncontrolled burn. Consequently, this results in
substantial emissions differences between summer and winter emissions. Mobile sources of emissions also
represent a large portion of operational emissions for the project. Because the proposed project results in
emissions which exceed the SCAQMD daily operational phase emissions thresholds, the proposed project's
impact to air quality is considered significant.
..
Page 5.2-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS IMPACT 5.2-3:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN PROJECT WOULD DELAY
A TTAINMENT OF THE SOUTH COAST AQMP [THRESHOLD AQ-3]
As discussed previously, the proposed project would result in emissions which exceed the SCAQMD
emissions thresholds for both the construction and operational phases. The SCAOMD considers exceedance
of their daily significance thresholds to lead to a significant contribution to emissions on a cumulative basis.
Because the air basin is currently in a state of non-attainment for CO, ozone and particulate matter, the
additional air pollution generated by further development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would
incrementally contribute to the state of non-attainment of the ambient air quality standards.
AHS IMPACT 5.2-4:
IMPLEMENT A TION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN PROJECT
WOULD NOT EXPOSE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS TO SUBSTANTIAL POLLUTANT
CONCENTRA TlONS. [THRESHOLD AQ-4]
Impact Analysis: Vehicular trips associated with the proposed project would contribute to the congestion at
intersections and along roadway segments in the project vicinity. The prirnary mobile source pollutant of
local concern is CO. Typically, high CO concentrations are associated with roadways or intersections
operating at unacceptable levels of service or with extremely high traffic volumes.
The traffic impacts from the build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan were included within the traffic
volumes of the General Plan update. The traffic volumes were evaluated for the existing year and year 2025.
The intersection vehicle turn volumes were used in the Caltrans CALlNE4 model to evaluate local CO
concentrations at intersections most affected by project traffic. As shown previously, Table 5.2-5 and Table
5.2-6 list the CO concentrations for those intersections that are most impacted by traffic congestion. None of
the intersections analyzed would have eight-hour CO concentration exceeding federal and State standards
of 9 ppm. The one-hour CO concentration at these intersections would also be below the State standard of
20.0 ppm and below the federal standard of 35 ppm. The proposed project would not have a significant
impact on local air quality for CO, and no mitigation measures would be required.
~
AHS IMPACT 5.2-5:
CREATE OBJECTIONABLE ODORS AFFECTING A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF
PEOPLE. [THRESHOLD AQ-5]
Construction activity will require the operation of equipment which may generate exhaust from either
gasoline or diesel fuel. Construction and development will also require the application of paints and the
paving of roads which could generate odors from materials such as paints and asphalt. As these odors are
short-term in nature and quickly disburse into the atmosphere, this is not considered significant.
Future residential and commercial development would involve minor, odor-generating activities, such as
backyard barbeque smoke, lawn mower exhaust, application of exterior paints from home improvement, etc.
These types and concentrations of odors are typical of residential communities and are not considered
significant air quality impacts.
The proposed wastewater treatment plant has the potential to generate odors. Modern sewage treatment
plants have numerous project design features to control odor emissions during the sewage treatment
process which include capture, containment and treatment of foul air. These project design features will, at a
minimum, include enclosure of the most odorous wastewater treatment components which may include the
headworks, primary clarifiers, digesters and grit chamber to contain odorous air prior to odor treatment. The
contained odorous air will be piped into a chemical or biological odor control treatment process which would
breakdown hydrogen sulfides and other compounds which are associated with odors.
The proposed project is also required to comply with SCAOMD Rule 402 to prevent occurrence of public
nuisances. As a result, the proposed wastewater treatment plant is required to control project related odors
to avoid the creation of a public nuisance. Because the proposed project will incorporate odor control
General Plcm Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-2 ]
5. Environmental Analysis
systems as the project design features described above and is subject to mandatory compliance with
SCAOMD Rule 402, odorous emissions attributable to the proposed project are not considered a significant
adverse impact to air quality.
'"
5.2.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
SCAQMD Rules and Regulations: The City of San Bernardino and Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is
located in the SoGAB and is subject to the rules and regulations imposed by the SCAOMD. All emissions
within the City of San Bernardino are governed by the CMOS as well as the NMOS.
..."
New source pollution sources within the City of San Bernardino would be subject to a new source review by
the SCAOMD. Any equipment that emits or controls air contaminants (such as nitrogen oxides or reactive
organic gases) requires a permit frorn AOMD prior to construction, installation, or operation unless it is
specifically exempted from the permit requirement by AOMD Rule 219.
!'!"i
SCAQMD Rule 402: SCAOMD Rule 402 states, "A person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever
such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance or annoyance to
any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or
safety of any such persons or the public or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or
damage to business or property."
SCAQMD Rule 403: SCAOMD Rule 403 does not require a permit for construction activities, per se, but
rather, sets forth general and specific requirements for all construction sites (as well as other fugitive dust
sources) in the SoCAB. The general requirement prohibits a person from causing or allowing emissions of
fugitive dust from construction (or other fugitive dust source) such that 1) the presence of such dust remains
visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emissions source or, 2) allows dust emissions to
exceed 20 percent opacity (as determined by the appropriate test method included in the Rule 403
Implementation Handbook), if the dust emission is the result of movement of a motorized vehicle. No person
shall conduct active operations without utilizing the applicable best available control measures (BAG) to
minimize fugitive dust emissions from each fugitive dust source type within the active operation.
..'
SGAOMD Rule 403 also prohibits a construction site from causing an incremental PMlO concentration impact
at the property line of more than 50 micrograms per cubic meter as determined through PMlO high-volume
sampling, but the concentration standard and associated PMlO sampling do not apply if specific measures
identified in the rule are implemented and appropriately documented.
....
"""',
SCAOMD Rule 403 identifies two sets of specific measures: one for high wind conditions and the other for
more normal wind conditions. When wind gusts exceed 25 miles per hour, neither the sampling requirement
nor the general requirernent applies so long as the following measures are implemented and appropriately
documented:
...
..'
Page 5.2-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Source
Earthmoving
Disturbed Surface Areas
Unpaved Roads
Open Storage Piles
Paved Road Track-out
Control Measure
Cease all active operations, or apply water to soil not more than 15 minutes prior to
moving such soil.
On the last day of active operations prior to a weekend, holiday, or any other period when
active operations will not occur for not more than four consecutive days, apply water with
a mixture of chemical stabilizer diluted to not less than 1/20 of the concentration required
to maintain a stabilized surface for a period of six months; or
Apply chemical stabilizers prior to wind event, or
Apply water to all unstabilized disturbed areas 3 times per day. If there is any evidence of
wind driven fugitive dust, watering frequency is increased to a minimum of four times per
day); or
Establish a vegetative ground cover within 21 days after active operations have ceased.
Ground cover must be of sufficient density to expose less than 30 percent of unstabilized
ground within 90 days of planting, and at all time thereafter); or
Utilize any combination of the three measures immediately preceding such that, in total,
these actions apply to all disturbed surface areas.
Apply chemical stabilizers prior to wind event, or apply water twice per hour during active
operation, or stop all vehicular traffic.
Apply water twice per hour, or install temporary coverings.
Cover all haul vehicles, or comply with the vehicle freeboard requirements of Section
23114 of the California Vehicle Code for both pubic and private roads.
During normal wind conditions (I.e., with wind gusts less than 25 miles per hour), the sampling requirement
does not apply so long as the following measures are implemented and appropriately documented:
~
Source
Earthmoving (not for including
construction lines, conduct cut and fill)
Earthmoving areas (construction than
fill areas)
Earthmoving from (construction cut
areas)
Disturbed Surface Areas (except
completed stabilized, grading areas)
Disturbed Surface Areas
Control Measure
Maintain soil moisture content to a minimum of 12 percent when earthmoving, as
necessary to prevent visible dust emissions from exceeding 100 feet in length in any
direction.
Maintain soil moisture content at a minimum of 12 percent. For soils that have an
optimum moisture content for compaction of less than 12 percent, complete the
compaction process as expeditiously as possible after achieving at least 70 percent of the
optimum soil moisture content
Conduct watering as necessary to prevent visible emissions extending more than 100 feet
beyond the active cut area unless the area is inaccessibie to watering vehicles due to
slope conditions or other safety factors.
Apply dust suppression in sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized
surface. Any areas that cannot be stabilized as evidenced by wind driven fugitive dust,
must have an application of water at least twice per day to at least 80 percent of the
unstabilized area.
Apply chemical stabilizers within five working days of grading completion; or apply water
to at least 80 percent of all inactive surface areas on a daily basis when there is evidence
of wind driven fugitive dust, except any areas which are inaccessible to watering vehicles
due to excessive slope or other safety conditions; or establish a vegetative ground cover
within 21 days after active operations have ceased. Ground cover must be of sufficient
density to expose less than 30 percent of unstabilized ground within 90 days of planting,
and at all times thereafter.
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.2-23
General Plan Update and AHoclated SPecific Plans EIR
5. Environmental Analysis
Source
Inactive Disturbed Surface Areas
Control Measure
Apply water to at least 80 percent of all inactive disturbed areas on a daily basis when
there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust, except any areas which are inaccessible to
watering vehicles due to excessive slope or other safety conditions; or apply dust
suppressants in sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface; or
establish a vegetative ground cover within 21 days after active operations have ceased
(ground cover must be of sufficient density to expose less than 30 percent of unstabilized
ground within 90 days of planting, and at all times thereafter); or utilize any combination
of the above three measures such that, in total, these actions apply to all inactive
disturbed surface areas.
Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic at least once per every two hours of active
operations; or water all roads used for any vehicular traffic once daily and restrict vehicle
speeds to 15 miles per hour; or apply a chemical stabilizer to all unpaved road surfaces in
sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface.
Apply chemical stabilizers; or apply water to at least 80 percent of the surface area of all
open storage piles on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust; or
install temporary coverings; or install a three-sided enclosure with walls with no more
Ithan 50 percent porosity which extend, at a minimum, to the top of the pile,
,,",,"
Unpaved Roads
~,
Open Storage Piles
,.,h
The SCAQMD recently adopted changes to Rule 403 that took effect January 1, 2005. As per the new
requirements, no person shall conduct an active operation with a disturbed surface area offive or more acres
or with a daily irnport or export of 100 cubic yards or more of bulk material without utilizing at least one
measure at each vehicle egress from the site to a paved public road:
A. Install a pad consisting of washed gravel (minimum-size: one inch) maintained in a clean condition
to a depth of at least six inches and extending at least 30 feet wide and at least 50 feet long.
B. Pave the surface extending at least 100 feet and at least 20 feet wide. Utilize a wheel shaker/wheel
spreading device consisting of raised dividers (rails, pipe, or grates) at least 24 feet long and 10 feet
wide to remove bulk material from tires and vehicle undercarriages before vehicles exit the site.
C. Pave the surface extending at least 100 feet and at least 20 feet wide. Utilize a wheel shaker/wheel
spreading device consisting of raised dividers (rails, pipe, or grates) at least 24 feet long and 10 feet
wide to remove bulk material from tires and vehicle undercarriages before vehicles exit the site.
"""
D. Install and utilize a wheel washing system to remove bulk material frorn tires and vehicle
undercarriages before vehicles exit the site.
...
E. Any other control measures approved by the Executive Officer and the U.S. EPA.
In addition to the above requirernents the AQMD after January 1,2005, large operators are required to install
and maintain project signage with project contact signage that meets the minimum standards ofthe Rule 403
Implementation Handbook, prior to initiating any earthmoving activities. Furthermore, large operators must
identify a dust control supervisor that: is employed by or contracted with the property owner or developer; is
on the site or available on-site within 30 minutes during working hours; has the authority to expeditiously
employ sufficient dust mitigation measures to ensure compliance with all Rule requirements; and has
completed the AQMD Fugitive Dust Control Class and has been issued a valid Certificate of Completion for
the class.
Page 5.2-24 . The Planning Center
Jttly 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
SCAQMD Rule 481: Rule 481 applies to spray coating operations. Under Rule 481 , a person shall not use
or operate any spray painting or spray coating equipment unless one of the following conditions is met:
. The spray coating equipment is operated inside a control enclosure which is approved by the
Executive Officer. Any control enclosure for which an application for permit for new construction,
alteration, or change of ownership or location is submitted after the date of adoption ofthis rule shall
be exhausted only through filters at a design face velocity not less than 100 feet per minute nor
greater than 300 feet per minute, or through a water wash system designed to be equally effective
for the purpose of air;
. Coatings are applied with HVLP, electrostatic and/or airless spray equipment, or
. An alternative method of coating application or control is used which has an effectiveness equal to
or greater than the equipment speCified in paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this rule.
SCAQMD Rules 431.1 and 431,2: Require the use of low sulfur fuel for stationary construction equipment.
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations: The Arrowhead Springs wastewater treatment plant is subject to
the rules and regulations imposed by the SCAOMD. As a new source, the proposed Arrowhead Springs
wastewater treatment plant is required to obtain a permit for operation of a wastewater treatment plant by the
SCAOMD. Under Regulation XIII, Rule 1303, for new source review, the wastewater treatment plant is
required to install the Best Available Control Technology (BACT). In addition to review, under SCAOMD new
source review, SCAOMD Rule 1179 requires small capacity publicly owned treatment plants to prepare a
Facility Description Report to the District and a wastewater analysis report that provides the mass rate of
VOCs present in the influent and effluent wastewater. The analysis shall include measurements for average
and peak flow rates,
~
5.2.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.2.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Upon implementation of General Plan policies, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5,2-1
Growth and buildout projections for the General Plan Update are less than the
existing General Plan and therefore consistent with the AOMP.
GP Impact 5.2-4
None of the intersections analyzed would have eight,hour CO concentration
exceeding federal and State standards of 9 ppm or concentrations exceeding the
one-hour CO concentration State standard of 20.0 ppm and federal standard of
35 ppm.
Without mitigation the following impacts from implementation of the General Plan Update would be
significant:
GP Impact 5.2-2
The magnitude of General Plan build out development and corresponding
generation of air pollutant emissions would result in exceedance of the SCAOMD's
construction and operational phase emissions thresholds.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.2-25
5. Environmental Analysis
GP Impact 5.2-3
Emissions associated with General Plan buildout would result in emissions which
exceed the SCAOMD significance thresholds for construction and operational
phases as stated in GP Impact 5.2-2. As such, the SCAOMD considers these
ernissions to be significant on a cumulative basis. The construction and operation
through implementation of the General Plan would result in cumulative air quality
impacts.
5.2.5.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implernentation of regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.2-1
AHS Impact 5.2-4
AHS Impact 5.2-5
..,
Growth and buildout projections for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project
are included in the San Bernardino General Plan Update, which is consistent with
the AOMP. The AOMP forms the basis for attainment of the MOS. As a result, the
project would not have the potential to temporarily delay the attainment of the
MOS.
The traffic impacts from the build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan were
included within the traffic volumes of the General Plan update. None of the
intersections analyzed would have eight-hour CO concentration exceeding federal
and State standards of 9 ppm or concentrations exceeding the one-hour CO
concentration State standard of 20.0 ppm and federal standard of 35 ppm.
...'
With the exception of the wastewater treatment plant, the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan would not result in land uses that generate substantial levels of odors.
The wastewater treatment plant would be required to comply with SCAOMD Rule
402 which prohibits the creation of public nuisances due to odors. As such, the
Plant would incorporate odor control systems which capture and treatment foul air
associated with the treatment process. Consequently, no significant air quality
impacts would occur from the development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
-,
."
Without mitigation, implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project the following impacts
would be significant:
.'
AHS Impact 5.2-2
AHS Impact 5.2-3
The magnitude of development and corresponding generation of air pollutant
emissions would result in exceedance of the SCAOMD's construction and
operational phase emissions thresholds for CO, RaG, NOx and PM1O.
..
Emissions associated with the Arrowhead Specific Plan would exceed the SCAOMD
significance thresholds during construction and operational phases. As such, the
SCAOMD considers these emissions to be significant on a cumulative basis.
5.2.6.1
5.2.6 Mitigation Measures
San Bernardino General Plan
~,
The proposed project is expected to generate emissions levels in exceedance of AOMD's threshold criteria
for CO, RaG, NOx, and PM10 in the SoCAB, which is classified as a non-attainment area. Goals and Policies
are contained in the General Plan would facilitate continued City cooperation with the SCAOMD and SCAG
to achieve regional air quality improvement goals, promotion of energy conservation design and develop-
ment techniques, encouragement of alternative transportation modes, and implementation of transportation
Page 5.2-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
demand management strategies. In addition to these policies, the following mitigation measures shall be
required to reduce air quality impacts:
GP 5.2-2A
Prior to the issuance of grading permits, the property owner/developer shall include
a note on all grading plans which requires the construction contractor to implement
following measures during grading. These measures shall also be discussed at the
pregrade conference.
. Use low emission mobile construction equipment
. Maintain construction equipment engines by keeping them tuned.
. Utilize existing power sources (Le., power poles) when feasible.
. Configure construction parking to minimize traffic interference.
. Minimize obstruction of through-traffic lanes. When feasible, construction
should be planned so that lane closures on existing streets are kept to a
minimum.
. Schedule construction operations affecting traffic for off-peak hours to
minimize traffic congestion.
. Develop a traffic plan to minimize traffic flow interference from construction
activities (the plan may include advance public notice of routing. use of
public transportation and satellite parking areas with a shuttle service).
~
GP 5.2-2B
The City shall promote the use of low or zero VOC content architectural coatings for
construction and maintenance activities.
GP 5.2-2C The City shall reduce vehicle emissions caused by traffic congestion by imple-
menting transportation systems management techniques that include synchronized
traffic signals and limiting on-street parking.
GP 5.2-20 The City shall consider the feasibility of diverting commercial truck traffic to off-peak
periods to alleviate non-recurrent congestion as a means to improve roadway
efficiency.
GP 5.2-2E The City shall promote the use of fuel efficient vehicles such as fuel hybrids when
purchasing vehicles for the City's vehicle fleet.
GP 5.2-3 Implementation of mitigation measures GP 5.2-2A, B. C, D and E shall be applied to
reduce cumulative impacts.
5.2.6.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.2-2A
The developer or project applicant shall use zero Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOC) content architectural coatings during the construction of the project to the
maximum extent feasible which would reduce VOC (ROG) emissions by 95 percent
over convention architectural coatings.
AHS 5.2-2B
Prior to and/or during construction operations, the property owner/developer shall
implement the following measures to further reduce fugitive dust emission to the
General Plan Update and ASJociated S/Jecijic Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.2-27
5. Environmental Analysis
extent feasible. To assure compliance, the City shall verify that these measures
have been implemented during normal construction site inspections:
...,.,
· Pave, gravel or apply nontoxic soil stabilizers on-site haul roads with 150 or
more daily trips
11"-'
· Phase grading to prevent the susceptibility of large areas to erosion over
extended periods of time
· Schedule activities to minimize the amounts of exposed excavated soil
during and after the end of work periods
· Dispose of surplus excavated material in accordance with local ordinances
and use sound engineering practices
...
· Maintain a minimum of one-foot freeboard ratio on haul trucks or cover
payloads on trucks hauling soil using tarps or other suitable means
· Install adequate storm water control systems to prevent mud deposition
onto paved areas.
"""!
· Water active sites at least three times daily.
AHS 5.2-3
Implementation of mitigation measures AHS 5.2-2A and AHS 5.2-2B shall be
applied to reduce cumulative impacts.
JIW'
5.2.7 Level of Significance after Mitigation
5.2.7.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The policies contained in the proposed General Plan update are expected to reduce emissions associated
with future development. However, even after the application of these policies and the mitigation measures
listed above, implementation of the General Plan update when viewed as a whole project is expected to
generate emissions levels in exceedance of AQMD's threshold criteria for CO, ROG, NOx, and PM10 in the
SoCAB. General Plan Impact 5.2-2 and Impact 5.2-3 would remain significant resulting in an unavoidable
adverse air quality impact due to the magnitude of emissions that would be generated during construction
and operation.
~,
.....
5.2.7.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
!llIi"
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with air quality to the
extent feasible. Despite the application of mitigation measures implementation of the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan, Impact 5.2-2 and Impact 5.2-3 were found to result in a significant unavoidable adverse air
quality impact due to the magnitude of emissions that would be generated during construction and
operation. The proposed project is expected to generate emissions levels in exceedance of AQMD's
threshold criteria for CO, ROG, NOx, and PM1Q in the SoCAB.
Page 5.2-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The analysis in this section is based on information from previous technical reports, the California Natural
Diversity Database (CNDDB) (U.S. Geological Survey quadrangles for Devore, San Bernardino North, San
Bernardino South, Harrison Mountain and Redlands), and the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Manual
of California Vegetation and Plant Inventory.
The following technical report was used for the analysis for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan:
· Biological Resources Assessment. Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, San Bernardino County,
California, Natural Resources Assessment, Inc. November 20, 2004, Revised May 16, 2005.
A complete copy of this study is included in the Technical Appendices to this Draft EIR (Volume III, Appendix
B)
5.3.1
Environmental Setting
Regulatory and Protection
Federal and State
Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA)
The Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) of 1973, as amended was promulgated to protect and con-
serve any species of plant or animal that is endangered or threatened with extinction and the habitats in
which these species are found. "Take" of endangered species is prohibited under Section 9 of the FESA.
Take as defined under the FESA means to "harass, harm, pursue, hunt, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or
attempt to engage in any such conduct." Section 7 of FESA requires federal agencies to consult with the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on proposed federal actions which may affect any endangered,
threatened or proposed (for listing) species or critical habitat that may support the species. Section 4(a) of
the FESA requires that critical habitat be designated by the USFWS "to the maximum extent prudent and
determinable, at the time a species is determined to be endangered or threatened." Critical habitat is formally
designated by USFWS to provide guidance for planners/managers and biologists with an indication of where
suitable habitat may occur and where high priority of preservation for a particular species should be given.
Section 10 of the FESA provides the regulatory mechanism that allows the incidental take of a listed species
by private interests and non-federal government agencies during lawful activities. Habitat conservation plans
(HCPs) for the impacted species must be developed in support of incidental take permits for non-federal
projects to minimize impacts to the species and develop viable mitigation measures to offset the unavoidable
impacts.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), is the domestic law that affirms, or implements, the United
States' comrnitment to four international conventions with Canada, Japan, Mexico and Russia for the protec-
tion of shared migratory bird resources. The MBTA governs the taking, killing, possession, transportation,
and importation of migratory birds, their eggs, parts and nests, It prohibits the take, possession, import,
export, transport, sale, purchase, barter, or offering of these activities, except under a valid permit or as
permitted in the implementing regulations. USFWS administers permits to take migratory birds in accordance
with the regulations promulgated by the MBTA.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3-1
~
5. Environmental Analysis
Clean Water Act, Section 404
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates discharges of dredged or fill material into
"waters of the U.S."l (including wetlands and non-wetland bodies of water that meet specific criteria)
pursuant to Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA) , a permit is required for any filling or dredging
within waters of the U.S. The permit review process entails an assessment of potential adverse impacts to
USACE wetlands and jurisdictional waters, wherein the USACE may require mitigation measures. Where a
federally listed species may be affected, a Section 7 consultation with USFWS may be required. If there is
potential for cultural resources to be present, Section 106 review may be required. Also, where a Section 404
permit is required, a Section 401 Water Quality Certification would also be required from the Regional Water
Quality Control Board (RWQCB).
Clean Water Act, Section 401 and 402
Section 401 (a)(1) of the CWA specifies that any applicant for a Federal license or permit to conduct any
activity may result in any discharge into navigable waters, shall provide the federal permitting agency a
certification from the State in which the discharge originates, that any such discharge will comply with the
applicable provisions of the CWA. In California, the applicable RWQCB must certify that the project will
comply with water quality standards. Permits requiring Section 401 certification include USACE Section 404
permits and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) under Section 402 of the CWA. NPDES permits are issued by the applicable
RWQCB. The City of San Bernardino is within the jurisdiction of the Santa Ana RWQCB (Region 8).
California Fish and Game Code, Section 1600
Section 1600 of the California Fish and Game Code requires that a project proponent notify the California
Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) of any proposed alteration of streambeds, rivers, and lakes. The
intent is to protect habitats that are important to fish and wildlife. CDFG may review a project and place
conditions on the project as part of a Streambed Alteration Agreement (SAA). The conditions are intended to
address potentially significant adverse impacts within CDFG's jurisdictionallimits2.
California Endangered Species Act
The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) (Fish & Game Code ~~ 2050, et seq.) generally parallels the
main provisions of the FESA and is administered by the CDFG. Its intent is to prohibit "take" and protect
state-listed endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants. Unlike its Federal counterpart,
CESA also applies the take prohibitions to species petitioned for listing (state candidates). Candidate
species may be afforded temporary protection as though they were already listed as threatened or
endangered at the discretion of the Fish and Game Commission. Unlike the FESA, CESA does not include
listing provisions for invertebrate species. Under certain conditions, CESA has provisions for take through a
2081 permit or Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). In addition, some sensitive mammals and birds are
protected by the State as Fully Protected Species. California Species of Special Concern are species
designated as vulnerable to extinction due to declining population levels, limited ranges, and/or continuing
1 "Waters of the United States" as it applies to the jurisdictional limits of the authority of the Corps of Engineers under the Clean Water
Act and includes: all waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign
commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; all
other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats. wetlands, sloughs. prairie
potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds. the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign
commerce: water impoundments; tributaries of waters; territorial seas; wetlands adjacent to waters. The terminology used by Section
404 of the Clean Water Act includes "navigable waters" which is defined at Section 502(7) of the Act as "waters of the United States
including the territorial seas."
, CDFG jurisdictional boundaries closely reflect those of the Corps, but generally cover a broader zone which commonly includes the
Corps jurisdictional Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) but also extends across the bank to the riparian tree canopy. CDFG jurisdiction
need only meet one of the three Corps criteria used to determine wetland boundaries. In additional to rivers, streams and lakes, CDFG
jurisdiction may include artificial stock ponds and irrigation ditches constructed in uplands,
Page 5.3-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
.'-,
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-
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-
,....'
5. Environmental Analysis
threats. This list is primarily a working document for the CDFG CNDDB project which maintains a database of
known and recorded occurrences of sensitive species. Informally listed taxa are not protected per se, but
warrant consideration in the preparation of biological resources assessments.
Local Ordinances
City of San Bernardino Municipal Code
City Ordinance MC-1 027,9-8-98 and MC-682, 11-6-89 (Municipal Code, Title 15, Chapter 15.34) prohibits the
removal and/or destruction of more than five (5) trees within any thirty-six (36) month period from a
development site or parcel of property without first being issued a permit from the Development Services
Department. Per the ordinances, a permit shall not be required when a lawful order to remove the trees for
health and safety purposes has been issued by a local, state or federal government agency; nor shall a
permit be required if a removal is to be accomplished by, or under the auspices of a governmental entity.
The City's Development Code (Title 19, Land Use/Subdivision Regulations) also contains a Hillside Manage-
ment Overlay District that allows for low-density residential development in the City's hillside areas. Policies
of this overlay district regulate protection of the hillside's natural and topographic character, environmental,
and aesthetic qualities through requirements to minimize grading and erosion effects, and preservation of
slope banks, ridgelines, significant rock outcroppings, native plant materials, and natural hydrology.
Existing Conservation Plans and Areas
Critical habitat identifies specific areas, both occupied and unoccupied by a federally protected species, that
are essential to the conservation of a listed species and that may require special management considera-
tions or protection. The location of a proposed project within critical habitat typically warrants a habitat
assessment, and if suitable habitat is present, focused (protocol) surveys to determine presence or absence
of the listed species. Any project involving a federal agency, federal monies or a federal permit that falls
within an area designated as critical habitat requires the project proponent to consult with the USFWS
regarding potential impacts to the listed species and conservation measures to offset identified impacts.
~
Since the last update of the General Plan in 1989, the US FWS , has designated Critical Habitat for the San
Bernardino kangaroo rat, (Dipodamys merriami parvus), coastal California gnatcatcher (Paliaptila califarnica
califarnica), and the Santa Ana sucker (Catastamus santaanae). The City of San Bernardino falls with the
Designated Critical Habitats of the San Bernardino kangaroo rat and California gnatcatcher. Critical habitat
for both species is shown in Figure 5.3-1, Potential Habitat for Sensitive Wildlife.
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat Critical Habitat
The San Bernardino kangaroo rat was emergency listed as endangered on September 24, 1998, when its
population had been reduced by approximately 95 percent due to habitat loss and degradation, urban
development, water conservation activities and fragmentation owing to sand and gravel mining operations.
The species are typically found on alluvial fans, floodplains, along washes, in adjacent upland areas, and
areas with historic braided channels. Final designation of critical habitat for the San Bernardino kangaroo rat
was issued in April 2002 (Department of the Interior 2002). A total of approximately of 33,295 acres in San
Bernardino and Riverside Counties have been designated as critical habitat for the species. Portions of the
City are located within two of four critical habitat units. The City overlays the westernmost extent of Critical
Habitat Unit 1 (Santa Ana River and San Timoteo Canyon) which roughly covers the areas encompassing
City Creek, Plunge Creek, and the Santa Ana River wash. It contains tributaries, flood plain terraces and
active hydrological channels, Unit 2 (Lytle and Cajon Creeks) roughly covers habitat along and between Lytle
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3 - 3
5.
Environmental Analysis
I''''
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Page 5.3-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
and Cajon Creeks from the point that the creeks emanate from canyons within San Bernardino National
Forest to flood control channels downstream. The northwestern most portions of the City are located within
Unit 2.
Coastal California Gnatcatcher Critical Habitat
The coastal California gnatcatcher is a Federally-listed threatened, State Species of Special Concern that
typically occurs in or near sage scrub habitat. The species was listed as threatened in 1993. Final desig-
nation of critical habitat for the gnatcatcher was issued in October 2000 (Department of the Interior 2000). A
total of approximately of 513,560 acres in Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside
Counties are designated as critical habitat for the species. Portions of the City are located within Critical
Habitat Unit 11 (San Bernardino Valley MSHCP) which roughly covers approximately 58,000 acres along the
foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains and within the Jurupa Hills on the border of San
Bernard ino and Riverside counties. Undeveloped areas from the northwestern most portion of the City to the
northeastern most portion are located within California gnatcatcher critical habitat.
Santa Ana Sucker Critical Habitat and Santa Ana Sucker (SAS) Conservation Program
Critical habitat for the Santa Ana sucker was designated January 4, 2005, by USFWS. Approximately 23,719
acres of aquatic and riparian habitats essential to the species conservation was identified. Two areas in Los
Angeles County totaling 8,305 acres were designated as critical habitat units. The remaining acreage
comprises "essential habitat" for the Santa Ana sucker within the Santa Ana River in Orange, Riverside, and
San Bernardino Counties. However this area has been excluded in the revised final designation of critical
habitat because USFWS concluded that the habitat is protected within existing programs including the
Western Riverside MSHCP and the Santa Ana Sucker (SAS) Conservation Program.
The purpose of the SAS Conservation Program is to promote the conservation of the sucker, while providing
the necessary authorization, to allow for the incidental take of a limited number of suckers that is anticipated
to occur when the participating agencies (regional and local water and flood control districts) implement their
Covered Activities. Covered Activities include operation, maintenance, repair, and reconstruction of existing
projects and facilities (e.g., rebuilding existing levees for water conservation, constructed wetlands, and flood
control) and the continuation of existing programs for flood control, water conservation, water treatment and
discharge, protection of transportation routes, and wildlife conservation. The City of San Bernardino Munic-
ipal Water Department which operates the Rapid Extraction and Infiltration (RIX) Facility is one of seven
participants in the program.
~
Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly Recovery Plan
The Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly (DSF) was federally listed as endangered in 1993. While no critical habitat
has been designated for DSF, a Recovery Plan has been developed by the USFWS that details specific tasks
needed to successfully recover the species. The plan defines three Recovery Units, areas that USFWS would
like to preserve for the continued survival and ecological recovery ofthe DSF, such that protection under the
FESA is no longer necessary. The south westernmost portion of the City falls within the DSF Colton Recovery
Unit which is roughly bounded by Pennsylvania Road to the east; Baseline Road to the north; Cedar Avenue
in Rialto to the west; and the Santa Ana River to the south. All but two of the known populations of DSF are
located in this Recovery Unit. Areas within the City of San Bernardino containing Delhi sands (potential
habitat for the DSF) are limited to the southwest boundary of the City, as shown in Figure 5.3-1.
Cajon Creek Conservation Banks
Within the Lytle Creek and Cajon Creek wash system in the City of San Bernardino and the SOl west of the
City, the sand and gravel company, Vulcan (formerly CalMat) has established a 1 ,378-acre conservation site
and mitigation land bank within the Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub habitat. The conservation bank is
located north of the Devil Creek Diversion Channel, south of 1-215, in the Cajon wash running parallel to and
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.3 - 7
5. Environmental Analysis
near Cajon Boulevard (see Figure 5.3-1). The Cajon Creek Conservation Bank was established to conserve
populations of 24 species associated with alluvial fan scrub habitat, including the Santa Ana River woolly-
star, San Bernardino kangaroo rat, and coastal California gnatcatcher.
Another 153 acres of Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub habitat have been set aside by CEMEX (formerly
Sunwest) and a 150-acre Santa Ana River Woolly-star Preserve at the southern tip of the San Bernardino
County Sheriff's Training Facility have been set aside as conservation lands within the Lytle Creek/Cajon
Creek wash area. In addition, the County of San Bernardino will be establishing a conservation areal
mitigation bank in Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub habitat in the Cajon Wash on the east side of the Glen
Helen Regional Park. Lands within and around these conservation lands and mitigation banks are available
to offset impacts to sensitive biological resources.
-
Proposed Conservation Plans and Areas
Habitat Conservation Plans/Natural Community Conservation Plans
Under Section 10 of the FESA, an incidental take permit from the US FWS is required when non-Federal
activities will result in "take" of threatened or endangered wildlife. A Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) must
accompany an application to the USFWS for an incidental take permit. If the USFWS accepts the HCP, then
the agency issues the permit," which allows permittees to "take" an endangered species if such taking is
incidental to, and not the primary purpose of, the proposed activity. The permit is required prior to develop-
ing any part of an endangered species' habitat because USFWS regulations equate habitat modification with
taking an endangered species, which is prohibited under federal law.
The purpose of the HCP planning process is to ensure there is adequate minimizing and mitigation of the
effects of the authorized incidental permit. The Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) program
is an unprecedented, federal, state, and local cooperative effort that takes a broad-based ecosystem
approach to planning for the protection and perpetuation of biological diversity. Rather than identify and
protect individual species that have already declined in number significantly, an NCCP provides for the
regional or area wide protection of plants, animals, and habitats at the ecosystem scale, while accommo-
dating compatible and appropriate land use. A local agency (such as a City, County, or District) coordinates
with USFWS, CDFG, and other parties to the collaborative planning process to develop a conservation plan.
""
An HCP/NCCP is intended to standardize and streamline the existing permitting process for incidental take of
listed species under FESA for the participating entity(s). Upon granting of Take Approval from the USFWS,
the participating entity(s) assumes the Service's permitting responsibilities for proposed projects that would
potentially take "Covered Species." Covered Species includes species currently listed as threatened or
endangered and certain species that may become listed during the term of the HCP/NCCP. Mitigation/
compensation measures established under an HCP/NCCP would concurrently satisfy applicable provisions
of the FESA and CESA. In general, an HCP/NCCP would require the County and cities to collect local
development mitigation fees, negotiate with developers to site projects thorough a land exchange/dedication
process; comply with the plan's policies designed to protect species; contribute to the assembly of a
Reserve through the regular land use process and other means; and enforce project conditions to ensure
compliance with the HCP/NCCP.
.,.
San Bernardino Valley Wide Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan
Presently, there is no approved HCP/NCCP plan for the valley portion of San Bernardino County. The San
Bernardino Valley-wide Multi Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) is currently in preparation. The
proposed MSHCP encompasses approximately 500 square miles containing six unlisted species, six state-
listed endangered or threatened species, and thirteen federally-listed endangered threatened species, and
53 species of special concern. San Bernardino County, through the San Bernardino County Museum staff,
has been conducting biological and botanical surveys for several years in order to identify habitat needs and
Page 5.3-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
requirements for the various species. The schedule for completion and adoption of the SBVMSHCP is
uncertain at this time. Completion of the plan is not expected anytime within the near future. The City
participated in previous planning efforts, with the intent to be a Local Permittee upon adoption of the plan.
should work on the MSHCP resume, the City would reevaluate merits of participation.
Upper Santa Ana River Wash Land Management and Habitat Conservation Plan
Landowners, land managers, regulatory agencies and interested stakeholders have been meeting overthe
past several years to develop a consensus-based land use strategy for the Santa Ana River alluvial fan,
which supports most of the remaining stands of Santa Ana River woolly-star (Eriastrum densifolium spp.
sanctorum), slender-horned spineflower (Dodecahema leptoceras), and other rare plant and animal species.
The aim of this effort is to develop a reserve design and conservation plan that protects the most important
habitat areas while consolidating sand and gravel extraction and water spreading activities. The proposed
Upper Santa Ana River Wash Land Management and Habitat Conservation Plan for the upper Santa Ana
Wash involves an area of approximately 4,365 acres located in the upper Santa Ana River Wash area. The
planning area begins at the mouth of the Santa Ana canyon at Greenspot Road, one mile downstream from
the Seven Oaks Dam, and extends west westward for approximately six miles to Alabama Street. It would
also contain the existing Woolly Star Preservation Area (WSPA) preserved by the USACE and 3 flood control
districts; and the BLM's Santa Ana River Area of Critical Concern/Research Natural Area (ACEC/RNA). Final
boundaries of the conservation area have not yet been determined3. At this time, the proposed conservation
area appears to be just outside of and adjacent to the current City of San Bernardino limits just southeast of
the San Bernardino International Airport.
5.3.1.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
~
Methodology
The following assessment of biological resources is based on historical information compiled through
previous documentation and appropriate reference materials. Previous studies have been incorporated by
reference and summarized. No updated surveys were done city-wide.
Plant Communities/Habitat
The City of San Bernardino is located in the valley and upland region of San Bernardino County and has
been largely disturbed by urban and agricultural uses. The City is surrounded on three sides by other
developed cities including Highland to the east, Colton, Loma Linda, and Redlands to the south, and Rialto
to the west. The northernmost parts of the City, including lands within the SOl and Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan, lie within the foothills and mountains of the San Bernardino Mountain range and are bound by
the San Bernardino National Forest. In the developed portions of the City, there are few remaining areas of
natural habitat. Open space consists primarily of developed parks, recreation areas, and golf courses. These
areas mostly contain non-native species of plants and animals, while the northern portions of the City contain
the majority of the City's significant biological resources. Figure 5,3-2, Biological Resource Areas, shows the
general areas where biological resources, including riparian corridors, may be present.
'San Bernardino Valley Water Conservation District. Personal communication with Walter Christensen, Project Manager, April 27, 2005.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.3 - 9
5. Environmental Analysis
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July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
The majority of the City lies on broad, sloping lowlands along the southwest margins of the San Bernardino
Mountains. The lowland is underlain by alluvial sediments eroded from bedrock in the mountains and
washed down into the valley by rivers and creeks. Alluvial fans and floodplains of the valley floor support
distinctive alluvial scrub and alluvial fan scrub vegetation. Upland areas support inland coastal sagebrush
scrub vegetation. Above the valley floor and uplands are deep canyons which support riparian and oak
woodland habitats and riparian forest. Broad canyons and mountain slopes of the foothills support chaparral
and woodland vegetation. Disturbed and developed areas of the City support non-native annual grasslands.
The City of San Bernardino contains plant communities that range from disturbed and ornamental plant
communities in the urbanized portions of the City to native plant communities along the northern portions of
the City along the base of the foothills and in the mountains. Plant communities within the City and SOl
include the following:
Coastal Sage Scrub
Coastal sage scrub communities consist of drought-deciduous, low, soft-leaved shrubs and herbs on gentle
to steep slopes below 3,000 feet in elevation. Coastal sage-chaparral scrub is found on upland slopes,
typically south-facing. It is often considered part of a collection of series referred to as coastal scrub. Domi-
nant shrub species include California sagebrush, California brittlebush, and California buckwheat. Other
species may include deerweed and white sage, black sage, and chamise. Several dominant species occur
within coastal sage scrub communities and some areas may be overwhelmingly dominated by one or two
species. In addition, several coastal sage scrub communities support representative dominant species of two
separate communities and are designated as such, Coastal sage scrub communities within the planning
area may include buckwheat scrub, coastal sage-chaparral scrub, Riversidean sage scrub, and Riversidean
alluvial fan sage scrub. Coastal sage scrub is present on the hillsides surrounding drainages. Riversidean a~Vn
alluvial fan sage scrub habitat dominates the Santa Ana River flood plain that traverses the southern portion ~
of the City.
Chaparral
Chaparral communities consist of evergreen, medium height to tall sclerophyllous (woody with leathery
leaves) shrubs that form a dense cover on steep slopes. The dense, almost impenetrable, cover allows very
little to no understory growth and usually consists mostly of leaf litter. Chaparral is an upland habitat and is
found mainly on the upper slopes and higher elevations in the mountain ranges in the northern portion of the
City. Dominant species include chamise, buckwheat species, chaparral whitethorn and yucca. Common
species may include hoaryleaf ceanothus, mountain mahogany, and coast live oak. The type of chaparral
community depends upon the dominant species. Chaparral communities found within the planning area may
include chamise chaparral, scrub-chaparral, mixed chaparral, and soft chaparral.
Riparian
Riparian communities occur along water courses or water bodies adaptable to seasonal flooding. Struc-
turally, riparian areas may range from a dense canopy of large trees with a bramble/thicket understory within
a steep canyon, to open, lower-growing species within a sandy wash. Riparian plant species include willows,
Fremont's cottonwood, sycamore, white alder, California walnut, mulefat, and broad-leaved cattail. Herba-
ceous species include red monkeyflower, California mugwort, white-flowered deadly nightshade, croton, and
poison oak Shrubs along the canyon sides include mountain mahogany, California brickellia, and hoaryleaf
ceanothus. California bay and coast live oak are occasionally found in these communities. Riparian
communities may include southern willow scrub and mule fat scrub. Riparian communities may also include
riparian woodland and forest communities described below.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.3-13
5. Environmental Analysis
Woodland
Woodland communities are associated with multi-layered vegetation canopies ranging from open, to
moderately dense cover and have a tree canopy that is at least 20 percent open. Woodland habitats are
often associated with watercourses and riparian communities. Within the planning area, stands of riparian
woodlands primarily occur within the major drainage courses in the northern portion of the City and may
include southern sycamore-alder riparian woodland, sycamore willow woodland, and California walnut
woodland.
Forest Communities
Forest communities consist of multi-layered vegetation that forms a dense canopy cover that is almost
completely closed. The ground layer of plants is sparse or absent. Forest communities may occur in stream
benches and terraces, and canyon bottoms near streams. Within the planning area forest communities may
include southern coast live oak riparian forest, southern cottonwood-willow riparian forest, white alder
riparian forest, and lower montane coniferous forest. Southern coast live oak riparian forest may be
dominated by coast live oak, Englemann oak, and California bay. Southern cottonwood-willow riparian forest
community consists of tall, open, broadleafed winter-deciduous riparian forests dominated by Fremont
cottonwood and several tree willows. Understories are usually shrubby willows. Lower montane coniferous
forest is dominated by Coulter pine, manzanita, coast live oak, and occasional stands of scrub oak.
Annual Grasslands [Valley and Foothill Grasslands}
This extensive collection of series (including Annual Grasslands and several Needlegrass Grasslands) is
composed of many alien and native annual species. Composition varies among stands and many species
beyond those typically listed may also be present. Species include ripgut brome, soft chess, foxtail chess,
filarees, common goldfields, lupine, wild oats, and Italian rye-grass. Stands of once extensive series of valley
needlegrass grasslands now typically include non-native annual species mixed with the perennial grasses
and herbs. Foothill needlegrass, nodding needlegrass, and purple needlegrass occur sympatrically, but do
not typically mix. The non-native annual grassland areas are typically disturbed or graded areas and vacant
lots that have revegetated with opportunistic weedy species.
,..
Ornamental Woodland
Ornamental woodlands are created woodlands using non-native trees and shrubs. Common species of trees
found within ornamental woodlands throughout the City of San Bernardino include various species of
eucalyptus tree, tamarisk and Peruvian pepper trees. Ornamental woodlands often provide excellent nesting
habitat for raptors and other birds. Ornamental woodlands also provide shade, wind protection, erosion
control and aesthetic value to people. Scattered ornamental woodlands and windrows exist throughout the
City,
Developed/Disturbed
Although most of the land within the City limits supported coastal sage and alluvial communities at one time,
much of the land today is either developed or has been extensively modified by human activity sometime in
the recent past. Development includes any form of human disturbances, especially in cases of permanent
impacts to natural communities. Disturbed areas would include dirt roads, off-highway use, pavement,
concrete, buildings and structures, bridges, active agricultural activities, and permanent flood control
measures. Fallow agricultural areas are in various stages of succession and are covered with non-native
grasslands, emergent native vegetation and exotics. These areas may provide suitable habitat for the San
Bernardino kangaroo rat, a federally endangered species of rodent. In developed areas, native species have
been replaced by landscaping or a variety of annual grasses. The non-native annual grass species found
include a variety of bromes, Bermuda grass and the large Johnston grass. Non-native tree clusters and
""
Page 5.3-] 4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
windrows are also located within the developed portions of the City, consisting of large eucalyptus, California
pepper, and olive trees and oleander. In disturbed areas ruderal species consist of weedy grasses such as
red brome and Mediterranean grass, and weedy forbs such as short-podded mustard, Russian thistle, and
tocalote, Native species may include California croton, deerweed and scalebroom, and doveweed.
Non-native Landscaping
Non-native landscaping includes palms, blue gum [eucalyptus]. Peruvian pepper tree, non-native oaks,
pines, fruit trees, olive, and other landscape trees and shrubs,
Animals
The vegetation communities within the City of San Bernardino provide habitat for a wide variety of animal
species. Common birds in the area include the roadrunner, horned lark, scrub jay, plain tit-mouse, verdin,
wrentit, Bewick's wren, California thrasher, American goldfinch, Brown California towhee, lesser goldfinch,
and song sparrow. Raptors and owls exist in some of the open areas of the City.
Within the City limits, common mammal species are limited to those that have adapted to or can coexist with
humans, such as pocket gophers, California ground squirrels, desert cottontail rabbits, striped skunk, and
opossum. Smaller mammals still persist in the streamside woodland areas within the northern limits of the
City and the SOl. Pocket gopher, California pocket mouse, kangaroo rats, various white-footed mice,
California vole, black-tail jackrabbit, (:;rush rabbit, and cottontail rabbit are typically found in undisturbed
areas containing RAFSS. Moderate size marnmals such as spotted striped skunk, Gray squirrel, opossum,
raccoon, bobcat, and gray fox are typically found in the mixed chaparral habitat located in the northern areas
of the City. Very few large mammals, such as black bear, mountain lion, and mule deer occur within the City
limits, but have been observed in the mountainous areas north of the City.
~
Sensitive Resources
Sensitive Plant Communities/Habitat
Portions of the City support habitat types considered sensitive by resource agencies, namely the CDFG, due
to their scarcity and ability to support a number of State and Federally-listed endangered, threatened, and
rare vascular plants, and sensitive wildlife species. The CNDDB reports the occurrence of sensitive biological
elements, including sensitive plant and animal species, and vegetation communities within and in the vicinity
of Highland. The primary purpose of the CNDDB classification is to assist in the location and determinations
of significance and rarity of various vegetation types. Thus, ranking of natural communities by their rarity and
threat is an important facet of the classification. The CNDDB community lists, notes rare communities that
are either known or believed to be of high priority for inventory in CNDDB. Sensitive vegetation communities
(i.e., "high priority" habitat types) that are known or may occur within the San Bernardino planning area
include the following:
. Valley Needlegrass Grassland
. Wildflower Field (California Annual Grassland Series)
. Riversidean Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub
. Southern Willow Scrub
. Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest
. Southern Cottonwood-Willow Riparian Forest
. Southern Riparian Forest
. White Alder Riparian Forest
. Southern Sycamore-Alder Riparian Woodland
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City a/San Bernardino. Page 5.3-15
5. Environmental Analysis
.~
. California Walnut Woodland
. Freshwater Seep
Sensitive Plant Species
Sensitive plants include those listed, or are candidates for listing, by the USFWS, CDFG, and CNPS. The
sensitive plant species listed in Table 5.3-1 were reported in the CNDDB) from the Harrison Mountain, ..
Redlands San Bernardino South, and Yucaipa USGS quadrangles and potentially occur within or in the
vicinity of the City.
..
S
PI
Table 5.3-1
" /I P C"
fS B
d"
V:' . .
ensitive ant Species PotenftalY J resent In the It yo an ernar InO and IClmty
Federal/State CDFG or
Scientific Name Common Name Status CNPS
Arenaria paludicola Marsh sandwort END/END 18
Berberis nevinii Nevin's barberry END/END 18
Brodiaea filifolia Thread-leaved brodiaea THR/END 18
Carex comosa 8ristly sedge None/None 2
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Smooth tarplant None/None 18
Calochortus plummerae Plummer's mariposa lily None/None 18
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi Parry's spineflower None/None 3
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca White-bracted spineflower None/None 18
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. laevis Salt marsh bird's-beak END/END 18
Dodecahema leptoceras Slender-horned spineflower END/END 18
Dudleya multicaulis Many-stemmed dudleya None/None 18
Eriastrum densifolium spp. sanctorum Santa Ana River woollystar END/END 18
Fimbristylis thermalis Hot springs fimbristylis None/None 2
Galium californicum ssp. primum California bedstraw None/None 18
Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii Los Angeles sunflower None/None 1A
Horkelia cuneata ssp. pUberula Mesa horkelia None/None 18
Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Robinson's pepper-grass None/None 18
Lilium parryi Lemon lily None/None 18
Lycium parishii Parish's desert-thorn None/None 2
Monardel/a pringlei Pringle's monardella None/None 1A
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii Parish's gooseberry None/None 18
Rorippa gambelii Gambel's water cress END/THR 18
Schoenus nigricans 81ack sedge None/None 2
Sidalcea neomexicana Salt Spring checkerbloom None/None 2
Theylypteris puberula var. sonorensis Sonoran maiden fern None/None 2
FED: Federal Classifications STATE: State Classifications
END Taxa listed as endangered END Taxa listed as endangered
THR Taxa listed as threatened THR Taxa listed as threatened
PE Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered CE Candidate for endangered listing
PT Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened CT Candidate for threatened listing
C2* USFWS may. in the future, designate such taxa as Candidates. SC California Species of Special Concern,
(*) indicates C2 candidates that were removed from the list None Not designated as a sensitive species
C Candidate for listing,
None Not designated as a sensitive species
..
...
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....
Page 5.3-16. The Planning Center
...
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.3-1
Sensitive Plant Species Potentially Present in the City of San Bernardino and Vicinity
CNPS: California Native Plant Society Classifications
1 A Plants presumed by CNPS to be extinct in California
1 B Plants considered by CNPS to be rare or endangered in California and elsewhere
2 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened or endangered in California, but which are more common elsewhere
3 Review list of plants suggested by CNPS for consideration as endangered but about which more information is needed.
4 Watch list of plants of limited distribution whose status should be monitored,
Source: Califomia Natural Diversity Database, April 2005, Devore, San Bernardino North, San Bernardino South, Harrison Mt. quadrangles.
Sensitive Wildlife
Sensitive wildlife includes those species listed as endangered or threatened under the FESA or CESA, as
candidates for listing and species of special concern by the USFWS and CDFG, and fully-protected species.
A number of sensitive wildlife species from the region were reported in the CNDDB and are listed in Table
5.3-2 below. Several raptor species that may be migrants to the general area are also considered sensitive
and are included.
Table 5.3-2
Present in the Cit
Common Name
INSEPfS .
Raphiomidas terminatus abdomina/is
FISH
Catostomus santaanae
Rhinichthys oscu/us ssp. 3
AM,~Hml1\N$
Batrachoseps gaMeli
Rana aurora draytoni!
Rana muscosa
IIEI'f les
Delhi Sands flower-loving fly
END/None
San Gabriel slender salamander
California red-legged frog
Mountain frog
THR/SC
None/SC
~
None/None SA
THR/SC
END/SC
~J';~ ."'.',. ",
Aspidoscelis hyperythra Orange-throated whiptail None/SC
Charina bottae umbratica Southern rubber boa NoneiTHR
Lamprope/tis zonata parvirubra San Bernardino mountain kingsnake None/SC
coronatum b/ainvillei Coast (San DTeOOl horned lizard None/SC
'PIliD'S;:: >. ...'.,. .,,'nn:in;:i++ ': :" ,.' ,,...,. , ... "
Accipiter cooperi! Cooper's hawk None/SC
Accipter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk None/SC
Aimophila ruficeps canescens Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow None/SC
Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle None/SC, CFP
Athene cunicu/aria Burrowing owl None/SC
Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk NoneiTHR
Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier (Marsh hawk) None/SC
Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Western yellow-billed cuckoo C/EN D
Eremophila alpestris actia California horned lark None/SC
Falco columbarius Merlin None/SC
Falco mexicanus Prairie Falcon None/SC
Falco peregrinus anatum American peregrine falcon None (Formerly ENDl/END, CFP
Polioptila californica californica Coastal California gnatcatcher THRlSC
Vireo bellii pusillus Least Bell's vireo END/END
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.3-17
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.3-2
Present in the Cit
Common Name
None/SC
END/SC
ENDrrHR
None/SC
None/SC
None/SC
None/None
None/SC
Chaetodipus tal/ax tal/ax Northwestern San Diego pocket mouse
Dipodomys merriami parvus San Bernardino kangaroo rat
Dipodomys stephensi Stephen's kangaroo rat
Neotoma lepida intermedia San Diego desert wood rat
Onychomys torridus Ramona Southern grasshopper mouse
Eumops perotis calitornicus Western mastiff bat
Lasiurus xanthinus Western yellow bat
Perognathus longimembris brevinasus Los Angeles pocket mouse
FED: Federal Classifications STATE: State Classifications
END Taxa listed as endangered END Taxa listed as endangered
THR Taxa listed as threatened THR Taxa listed as threatened
PE Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered CE Candidate for endangered listing
PT Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened CT Candidate for threatened listing
C2* USFWS may, in the future, designate such taxa as CFP California Fully Protected
Candidates. (*) indicates those C2 candidates that were SC California Species of Special Concern.
removed from the list. SA Special AnimaL Taxa of concern to the CNDDB regardless of
C Candidate for listing, their current legal or protected status,
None Not designated as a sensitive species None Not designated as a sensitive species
Source: California Natural Diversity Database, April 2005, Devore. San Bernardino North, San Bernardino South. Harrison Mt. quadrangles.
..~~
..
Wildlife Corridors
Historically, the land within the City of San Bernardino provided movement in both north-south and east-west
directions, and provided a connection between the nearby San Bernardino Mountains to the valley floor.
Currently, the City is mostly developed, with most of the land converted from open space areas to
commercial, industrial, residential, and recreational uses. Wildlife movement on a north-south regional basis
has ceased due the development of the valley floor. Major wildlife movement within the City is not likely to
occur. Regional wildlife movement in an east-west orientation in the mountains and along the undeveloped
foothills northeast of 1-215 and north of SR 30/1-210 may still provide viable wildlife corridors.
Wildlife corridors within the City and SOl areas are most likely limited to the northern undeveloped portions
of the City. Cajon Canyon, Lytle Creek Wash may also serve as potential rnovement corridors, but to a lesser
extent, as portions of the channels have been modified by aggregate extraction activities. East-west corridors
may exist along the Santa Ana River although large portions of the wash have also been modified for flood
control and water conservation facilities, and by active aggregate mining activities. Local wildlife corridors are
likely to occur within the canyons and washes in the foothills and mountains north of the City.
....
,",,"
..
Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands
The lateral limit of USACE jurisdiction extends to the Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) and to any wetland
areas extending beyond the OHWM. Wetlands are based on the hydrologic characteristics, vegetation, and
soil conditions of the site. Non-wetland waters of the U.S. are based on the limits of the OHWM, CDFG
jurisdiction is defined to the banks of the stream or channel. Lateral limits of jurisdiction are not clearly
defined, but generally include any riparian resources associated with a stream or lake.
The City of San Bernardino contains three large watercourses determined to be "waters of the U.S." that
traverse portions of the City as tributaries within the Santa Ana watershed (see Figure 5.3-2). The
northwestern and western boundary of the City approximately parallels and encompasses portions of Cajon
Canyon Wash and Lytle Creek Wash. The Santa Ana River and wash bounds and traverses through the
Page 5.3-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
southeastern portion of the City. Several blue line streams flow within canyons through the mountains and
foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains from the north including:
. Cable Canyon . East Twin Creek/Coldwater Canyon
. Meyers Canyon . Strawberry Creek
. Bailey Canyon . Borea Canyon
. Devil Canyon . Little Sand Creek
. Badger Canyon . Sand Creek/Sand Canyon
. Sycamore Canyon . City Creek, Cook Canyon
. West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon
Various unnamed canyons and drainages also emanate from the foothills and drain toward the valley and the
City. Riparian resources, including wetlands that occur along these drainages potentially fall under the
jurisdiction of the USACE and CDFG. The east branch of the State Water Project California Aqueduct also
traverses the northwestern portion of the City. Several tributaries, including East Twin Creek, Warm Creek,
Lytle Creek, and City Creek traverse the urbanized portions of the City as flood control channels and canals.
Within the developed area of the northwest portion of the City are features that have been modified for flood
control, including reservoirs, flood control basins, and percolation basins constructed to receive flow from
drainages including Devil Canyon, Bailey Canyon, West Twin Creek, and East Twin Creek, are also located
throughout the City.
5.3.1.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Methodology
~
The Biological Resources Assessment, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan (NRA, Inc. 2005) report was
prepared based on information complied through field investigations, previous documentation, and
appropriate reference material for biological resources in the project area and adjacent areas including the
CNDDB. The surveys included vegetation and habitat classification, a general plant inventory, sensitive plant
surveys, general wildlife inventory of wildlife, a wildlife corridor and sensitive species assessment. A detailed
description of survey methodologies can be found in the biological resources assessment (AppendiX B,
Volume III).
A database search was conducted for sensitive biological resources occurring on the San Bernardino North,
San Bernardino South, Devore, and Harrison Mountain 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps, Sensitive
species potentially present include those listed, or candidates for listing by USFWS, CDFG and the CNPS. All
sensitive species were considered as potentially present on the project site if its known geographical
distribution encompassed all or part of the project area; or if its distribution was near the site and its general
habitat requirements were present.
Biological resources assessment surveys were conducted by NRA, Inc. on November 9 and 10, 2004. The
surveys combined walking and driving surveys of the property, focusing on areas proposed for development.
The surveys included the use of binoculars to aid in the identification of birds, as well as plant species on
inaccessible hillsides. All species identified by sight, call or sign (burrows, scat, tracks, etc.) were recorded.
Site photographs were also taken. Existing conditions within the site were recorded, paying specific attention
to habitats that may potentially contain sensitive species.
An assessment of wetlands and non-wetlands waters within the project site was also conducted to determine
onsite drainages that are potentially subject to jurisdiction of the USACE and/or the CDFG and to identify any
areas that were determined to fall under these jurisdictions. A formal delineation for the drainages present on
the site was not conducted. The results of the jurisdictional assessment are included in the biological
assessment report (Volume III, Appendix B).
General Plan Update and Associated SPerific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.3 -19
5. Environmental Analysis
Plant Communities/Habitat
A map of the existing habitats and vegetation communities is shown in Figure 5.3-3, Plant Communities,
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. Table 5.3-3 provides the acres ofthe plant communities within the property
boundaries.
...
.~
Table 5.3-3
Plant Communities in the Arrowhead Springs ipecific Plan Area
Plant Community Acreage
#1 Annual Grassland (AG/S) 258.7
#11 Vacated Residential Development (VRD) 39.2
#2 Chamise Chaparral (CHA) 263.5
#3 Chaparral (CHP) 914.3
# 4 Disturbed (DIST) 35.5
#5 Deerweed Scrub (OS) 82,3
#6 Landscape (LS) 133.9
#12 Cattail Marsh (MARSH) 2.3
#7 Lower Montane Coniferous Forest (MaN) 38.8
#13 Pond (POND) 2.2
#8 Sycamore Alder Woodland (SAW) 40.0
#9 Southern Willow Riparian (SWR) 20.0
#10 Sycamore Willow Woodland (SWW) 48.4
Unclassified Non-Native [Landscape]* 21.1
TOTAL 1900.2
S
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Note: Number corresponds to number on Figure 5,3-3
* Classification is included in #6 on Figure 5.3-3
..
Soils on the property include Soboba stony loamy sandy soils in the drainages and a mix of Soboba stony
loamy sandy soils and Hanford coarse sandy loams on the hillsides.
...
Portions of the project site are developed. Former land use included a spa, hotel, recreational center, and
bungalow-type residential units. Current use of the property is limited to the office buildings, village complex,
conference room, and maintenance/support buildings. Prior disturbances within the project site include the
construction and use of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa, roads and infrastructure, Current
disturbances include the loss of scrub on the south, east, and west portions of the site from wildfires, and
grading and drilling being conducted by the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) Tunnel Project in West Twin
Creek/Waterman Canyon near the main entrance to the project site. Land uses south of the Arrowhead
Springs project site include percolation and spreading basins for the water from East Twin Creek and West
Twin Creek/Waterman Creek, and residential uses. Open space occurs on the east, west and north.
....
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan site contains the following plant communities:
.,..
.....
Page 5.3-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Mixed Annual Grassland and Scrub. Dominant annual species in this habitat include various brome
grasses (Bromus madritensis, Bromus diandrus, and Bromus tectorum), Mediterranean grass, and
herbaceous species such as short-podded mustard and doveweed. The dominant scrub species in this plant
community is California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), and deerweed (Lotus scoparius). Herbaceous
species include short-podded mustard, branching phacelia (Phacelia ramossisima) and cotton thorn
(Tetradymis comosa). In some areas (especially those subjected to frequent burning), this community is
dominated by grasses and deerweed. This plant community frequently intergrades with chamise chaparral.
Most of the lower slopes of the foothills are covered with a mix of annual grassland and scrub, including the
Steam Caves drainage.
Deerweed Scrub. This plant community is dominated by deerweed, weedy grasses, and herbaceous
species. Almost no other scrub plant occurs in this community. Oeerweed scrub is not a true native southern
California plant community. It indicates that the native scrub habitat has been recently disturbed (usually
burned) with the result that deerweed becomes the dominant shrub. This plant community is found only in
the central area north of the landscaped grounds, including the area north of East Twin Creek.
Chamise Chaparral. The chamise chaparral on site is dominated by chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum),
but includes some coastal sage scrub species such as California buckwheat, deer weed and white sage
(Salvia apiana). Other species found in soft chaparral include buckbrush (Ceanothus cuneatus), yerba santa
(Eriodictyon trichocalyx), Whipple's yucca (Yucca whipple/) and black sage (Salvia mellifera). Scrub oak
(Quercus berberidifolia) is sometimes found in this plant community. Herbaceous species include wishbone
bush (Mirabilis californica) and wild cucumber (Marah macrocarpa) on dry slopes. Poison oak (Toxic on-
dendron diversilobum) occurs in more moist sites. On the Arrowhead Springs property, chamise chaparral is
found on dry slopes, often intermixed with the mixed annual grassland and scrub plant community. Chamise
chaparral also occurs along upper West Twin CreekjWaterman Canyon, and is particularly extensive along
the western side of the canyon.
~
Chaparral
Chaparral is found mainly on the upper slopes and higher elevations in the mountain ranges. Common
species include hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betu-
10ides), and coast live oak (Quercus chrysolepis). Within the project area, chaparral stands are scattered on
upper mountainsides, particularly along the upper East Twin and Strawberry Creek canyon area, and in the
upper reaches of West Twin CreekjWaterman Canyon.
Riparian Woodlands
Riparian areas occur along main drainages ofthe site (East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, West Twin Creek/
Waterman Canyon), and an unnamed drainage to the west of State Route 18) and include sycamore alder
woodland, and sycamore willow woodlands.
East Twin Creek and Strawberry Creek support sycamore alder woodland habitat consisting of riparian tree
and scrub species, such as white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), black willow (Salix gooddingiJ), sycamore
(Platanus racemosa), and California walnut (Juglans californica). What appears to be cultivated fig is also
found in these drainages. The understory in East Twin Creek is mostly made up of herbaceous species such
as red monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis), California mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), white-flowered deadly
nightshade (Solanum dougliasiana), and poison oak (Toxicodendron deversilobum). Shrubs along the
canyon sides include mountain mahogany, California brickellia (Brickellia californica), and hoaryleaf
ceanothus.
Further downstream, near the junction with West Twin Creek, alders disappear and the stand becomes
sycamore willow woodland. Riparian woodland in West Twin CreekjWaterman Canyon ranges from open to
moderately dense cover. Tree species include red willow (Salix laevigata), arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis),
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3 -23
5. Environmental Analysis
sycamore, and California walnut. California bay (Unbel/ularia californica) and coast live oak trees are
occasionally found on the upper hillsides of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon, The understory in West
Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon is limited, formed mostly by herbaceous species such as croton (Croton
californica), poison oak, and non-native grasses.
The unnamed drainage is dominated by sycamore and red willow, with at least one tamarisk (Tamarix sp.)
present. The herbaceous understory is dominated by non-native grasses and a dense stand of short-seeded
ryegrass (Leymus condensatus).
Southern cottonwood willow riparian forest and Southern mixed riparian forest were not found during the
field surveys.
Lower Montane Coniferous Forest
Lower montane coniferous forest is dominated by Coulter pine (Pinus coulten), manzanita (Artostaphylos
sp.), coast live oak, and occasional stands of scrub oak. Understory in unburned stands of this plant com-
rnunity is relatively non-existent, consisting mostly of grasses (Bromus ssp.). This community is confined to
the upper reaches of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon, on the western slopes of the canyon.
Disturbed and Ruderal. Plant species within this community consists of weedy grasses such as red brome
(Bromus madritensis) and Mediterranean grass (Schismus barbatus), and weedyforbs such as short-podded
mustard (Hirschfeldia incana), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) and tocalote (Centaurea melitensis). Native
species include doveweed (Eremocarpus setigerus), telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), and twiggy
wreath plant (Stephanomeria virgata). Disturbed, ruderal and landscaped plant communities occupy most of
the grounds of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa. Native plant cover in these areas is very sparse.
Landscape/Non-native Landscape
Non-native landscaping includes five species of palm (species unknown), eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus
globulus), Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus mol/e), fruits trees (apricot, apple, peach) non-native oaks (Quercus
ssp.), pines (Pinus ssp.), citrus trees (lemon, orange, grapefruit), olive and other landscape trees and shrubs.
Most of the individual plants found on site are either remnant plantings from the former Arrowhead Springs
Spa. Some species have invaded the native habitats around the grounds.
On the grounds of the former Arrowhead Springs Spa and Hotel, there are at least two artificial ponds that
were filled with water at the time of the survey. One pond is located in the southernmost portion of the
property, just north of existing spreading/percolation basins. No native vegetation exists within the pond. The
pond is within an area that appears to have been previously graded and contoured for a development that
did not materialize (shown as VRD on figure 5.3-3). The pond is near mixed annual grassland and scrub to
the east and north and a strip of southern willow riparian habitat to the northwest. To the south, between the
pond and the percolation basins are several groves of large, mature trees and disturbed areas associated
with the abandoned development. The second pond is Lake Vonette along the main access road into the
spa and hotel facilities, which is actually a dam formed by construction of the roadway. This water body is
surrounded by plantings of [non-native] Scotch broom (Spartium junceum), pampas grass (Cortaderia
sel/oana) and a ring of palm trees. Downstream of Lake Vonette is a low area that supports a dense stand of
cattail (Typha latifolia) and weedy grasses. This area appears to receive sufficient water to maintain this
(apparently) artificial herbaceous wetland.
Hot Springs
Within the project site, natural hot springs, such as the stearn cave area occur. Natural hot springs provide
specialized environments for wildlife and plant species, however, the springs on the property have been
modified from their native state as part of the spa facilities. As a result, the only drainage containing a semi-
Page 5.3-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
natural habitat is the Steam Caves drainage. This drainage is known to support thread-leaved brodieae
(Brodiaea filifolia), and may support other sensitive plant species.
Plants Species
A total of ninety-six (96) native and non-native plant species representing 39 families were observed on the
site. Of these species, 68 are native and 28 are non-native. A list of plant species observed on the site is
included in Appendix A of the Biological Resources Assessment report (Volume III, Appendix B ofthis OEIR).
Wildlife Species
Wildlife species observed during the field surveys are also listed in Appendix A of the Biological Resources
Assessment report (Volume III, Appendix B of this DEIR). A total of 37 species of wildlife (insects, reptiles,
birds, and rnammals) were noted. The site has limited potential to support amphibian species along the
drainages and in moister areas. Amphibian species expected to occur include California tree frog (Hyla
regilla) and western toad (Bufo boreas).
Sensitive Resources
Four sensitive plant communities were reported in the CNDOB for the San Bernardino North and Harrison
Mountain 7,5-minute topographic quadrangles including 1) Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub (RAFSS);
2) Southern [mixed] riparian forest; 3) Southern cottonwood willow riparian forest; and 4) Southern sycamore
alder riparian woodland. Within the project site, RAFSS was determined to be marginally present in the lower
reaches of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon and East Twin Creek; and southern sycamore alder riparian
woodland was present in East Twin Creek and Strawberry Creek.
The CNDDS also lists recorded occurrences of sensitive plant and wildlife species within the area of the
Arrowhead Springs project site. Based on the assessment of the habitats present, the CNODB search, and
results of the field surveys, a total of 22 sensitive plant species and 42 sensitive wildlife species were
identified as having high, moderate, or low potential to occur on the project site (shown in Table 5.3-4). One
fish species, speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus ssp. 3) was identified as present. The potential for one
species, the Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae), to occur is unknown. Five sensitive plant species
and five (5) sensitive wildlife species have no potential to occur on the site due to lack of suitable habitat to
support the species. Sensitive species that were not observed during the surveys and have a low potential to
occur are not likely to be present within the project area.
~
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3-25
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.3-4
Sensitive Biological Resources - Arrowhead S
Resource Status
Common/Scientific Name) Designation Occurrence/Probability
flSGEt.4tlfJflafJMfAiUNltl'ES
'" """ ,
Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub Declining plant Marginally present in the lower reaches of West Twin
community Creek,IWaterman Creek and East Twin Creek,
Southern mixed riparian forest Declining plant Not Present
community
Southern cottonwood willow riparian Declining plant Not Present
forest community
Southern sycamore alder riparian Declining plant Present
woodland community
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Marsh sandwort FED: END None. Although there may be boggy places in and around the
Arenaria paludicola STATE: END Arrowhead Springs Hotel, the area is probably too high in elevation
CNPS: 1 B and too steep to provide suitable habitat
Nevin's barberry FED: END Low. This species seems to prefer drier slopes; however, it could
Berberis nevinii STATE: END potentially occur on the hillsides along the upper drainages.
CNPS: 1 B
Thread-leaved brodiaea FED:THR High. Species has been found in the vicinity of the Arrowhead
Brodiaea filifolia STATE: END Springs Hotel on clay soils probably inundated by warm water.
CNPS: 1 B
Orcutt's brodiaea FED: C2* Low. This species is not known from San Bernardino County;
Brodiaea orcutti STATE: None however, suitable habitat exists on the hills within the project area
CNPS: 1B around the Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
Palmer's mariposa lily FED:C2* Low. The project area does not support true meadows or moist
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri STATE: None places, however there may be moist places in and around the
CNPS: List 1 B Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
Plummer's mariposa lily FED: C2* Moderate. Site supports suitable habitat in the hillside areas.
Calochortus plummerae STATE: None
CNPS: 1 B
Intermediate mariposa lily FED:C2* Low. Species is not known from San Bernardino County, butthe site
Calochortus weedii var. intermedius STATE: None supports suitable habitat in the hillside areas of the property.
CNPS: 1 B
Bristly sedge FED: None Low. There may be habitat in and around the Arrowhead Springs
Carex comosa STATE: None Hotel.
CNPS: 2
San Bernardino Mountains owl's FED: C2* None. No meadows exist within the project areas; the development
clover STATE: None portions of the site are too low and lacks pine forest meadow habitat
Castilleja lasiorhyncha CNPS: 1 B
Smooth tarplant FED: C2* Moderate. Site contains suitable alkaline soils around the Arrowhead
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis STATE: None Springs Hotel. There are riparian areas for this species within
CNPS: 1 B drainages.
Parry's spineflower FED:C2* Moderate. Suitable habitat exists for this species.
Chorilanthe parryi var. parryi STATE: None
CNPS:3
Long-spined spineflower FED: None Low. Suitable habitat exists on site however this species is not
Chorilanthe polygonoides var. STATE: None recorded from San Bernardino County.
longispina CNPS: 1 B
Summer holly FED: None High. Chaparral and chamise chaparral is extensive in the hills around
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp. STATE: None the development
diversifolia CNPS: 1B
PLANTS
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Page 5.3-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
ens Ive 10 oglca esources - rrolM ea iprmgs ipeci IC an
Resource Status
(Common/Scientific Name) Designation Occurrence/Probability
Salt marsh bird's beak FED: END None. No suitable habitat exists on site, Although historical records
Cordy/anthus maritimus ssp. STATE: END exist for this site, the records are questionable since this area is
maritimus CNPS: 1B atypical for this species and the only locality description provided is
"San Bernardino Valley."
Slender-horned spineflower FED: END Low. Suitable sandy and gravelly soils have been significantly
Dodecahema /eptoceras STATE: END impacted by flood control measures; however, it may be present in
CNPS: 1B the lower reaches of West Twin Creek,IWaterman and East Twin
Creeks.
Many-stemmed dudleya FED: C2* Moderate. This species may be present on the hillsides within the
Dud/eya mu/ticaulis STATE: None project area,
CNPS: 1B
Santa Ana River woolly star FED: END Low. There is no alluvial fan scrub on site; however, the lower
Eriastrum densifolium var. sane to rum STATE: END reaches of West Twin Creek,IWaterman and East Twin Creeks may
CNPS: 1B provide sufficient alluvial soils for this species.
Hot springs fimbristylis FED: None None. Only known locality within the project area is at the Arrowhead
Fimbristylis thermalis STATE: None Hot Springs. This area was checked in 1993 and the population
CNPS:1B apparently had been extirpated.
Robinson's pepper-grass FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat on site,
Lepidium vriginicum ssp. Robinsonii STATE: None
CNPS: 1B
Parish's desert-thorn FED: None Low, Recent data suggest that known populations from the lower
Lycium parishii STATE: None slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains are probably extirpated.
CNPS: 2
San Bernardino Mountains FED: C2* Low. Little is known about this species. It could occur in the moist
monkeyflower STATE: None areas around the Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
Mimu/us exiguous CNPS:1B
Hall's monardella FED: C2* Low. This species is generally found only at higher elevations, and
Monardella macrantha spp. hallii STATE: None may be present on the higher slopes of the property.
CNPS:1B
California muhly FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat exists within the project area along the
Muh/enbergia californica STATE: None drainages.
CNPS: 1B
Parish's yampah FED: None None. The project area does not support the damp meadows and is
Perideridia parishii ssp. parishii 8T ATE: None below the known elevation range.
CNPS: 2
Parish's gooseberry FED: C2* Low. Site does not have true thickets or swamps,
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii STATE: None
CNPS: 1 B
Gambel's water cress FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat may be present in the upper reaches of
Rorippa gambe/ii STATE: None West Twin Creek,IWaterman Canyon within the project area.
CNPS: 2
Sonoran Maiden fern FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat may be present in the upper reaches of
The/ypteris puberu/a var. sonorensis STATE:CSC West Twin Creek,IWaterman Canyon within the project area.
CNPS: 2
S
it" S' I . I R
Table 5.3-4
A h dS
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General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.3-27
5. Environmental Analysis
Sensitive Biolo
Resource
(Common/Scientific Name)
Table 5.3-4
ical Resources - Arrowhead S
Status
Designation
Santa Ana sucker
Catostomus santaanae
Speckled dace
Rhinichthys osculus ssp. 3
Unknown. Depth may be too shallow to support this species.
FED: THR
STATE:CSC
FED: None
STATE:CSC
FS: Sensitive
Present. This species is know from Strawberry Creek and may be
present in East Twin Creek and West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon.
AMPHIBIANS
San Gabriel slender salamander FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat may be present in the upper reaches of
Batrachoseps gabrieli STATE: None West Twin Creek/Watennan Canyon within the project area,
Western spadefoot FED: None Low. Suitable ponded water habitat may exist along West Twin
Scaphiopus hammondii STATE:CSC Creek/Watennan Canyon and East Twin Creek. Suitable habitat also
may exist in the isolated pond on the former grounds of the
Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
Arroyo toad FED: END Low. Suitable water habitat may exist along West Twin
Buto microscaphus STATE:CSC Creek/Watennan Canyon and East Twin Creek. Suitable habitat also
may exist in the isolated pond on the former grounds of the
Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
California red-legged frog FED: THR Moderate. Suitable water habitat may exist along West Twin
Rana aurora draytonii STATE:CSC Creek/Waterman Canyon and East Twin Creek.
Mountain yellow-legged frog FED: PE High. Suitable water habitat may exist along West Twin
Rana muscosa STATE:CSC Creek/Waterman Canyon and EastTwin Creek.
REPTILES
Southwestern pond turtle FED: None Low. Basking sites may be absent except in the upper West Twin
Clemmys marmorata pallida STATE:CSC Creek/Waterman Canyon area.
San Diego homed lizard FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei STATE:CSC
Coronado skink FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Eumeces skiltonianus interparietalis STATE:CSC
Orange-throated whiptail FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Cnemidophorus hvperythrus STATE:CSC
Coastal western whiptail FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus STATE: None
Silvery legless lizard FED: None Low, Although sandy soils occur on site, abundant leaf litter
Anniella pulchra pulchra STATE:CSC (providing a humid microclimate) does not exist on site.
Southern rubber boa FED: C2* None. Site does not contain conifer woodland habitat.
(Charina bottae umbratica) STATE:THR
US Forest Service
Species of Concern
Rosy boa FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Lichanura trivirgata STATE: None
Coast patch-nosed snake FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea STATE:CSC
Two-striped garter snake FED: None Low. Suitable habitat exists north of 40th Street and in the upper
Thamnophis hammondii STATE:CSC reaches of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon. Suitable habitat also
may exist in the isolated pond on the former groundS of the
Arrowhead Springs Hotel.
Northern red-diamond rattlesnake FED: C2* High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area.
Crotalus exsul STATE:CSC
Page 5.3-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Sensitive Biolo
Resource
(Common/Scientific Name
BIRDS
Table 5.3-4
ical Resources - Arrowhead S
Status
Designaffon Occurrence/Probability
White-tailed kite FED: None Moderate. Property terrain may be too uneven for this species to
Elanus leucurus STATE: None forage.
(nesting)
Bald eagle FED: END Low, Species is known to winter at Big Bear Lake; during winter,
Haliaeetus leucocephalus STATE: END could fly over site or perch in riparian woodland.
Northern harrier FED: None Present. Observed during the surveys. Forages over a wide range of
Circus cyaneus STATE:CSC open habitat and can be expected to occur throughout most of
Southern California. Although no nesting habitat was found, some
foraging habitat exists on site.
Sharp,shinned hawk FED: None Low. Not observed during the surveys, but are expected to forage
Accipiter striatus STATE:CSC infrequently over the property during migration and in winter.
Cooper's hawk FED: None Moderate, Suitable nesting and foraging habitat exists within the
Accipiter cooperi STATE:CSC project area.
Golden eagle FED: None Low. Not observed during the surveys. Foraging habitat for this
Aquila chrysaetos STATE: CSC (nesting species exists over the entire property. No suitable nesting habitat
and wintering) occurs on site.
Merlin FED: None Low. Not observer during the surveys. Can be expected to forage
Falco columbarius STATE:CSC over the site during migration and in winter. They are expected to use
the area very infrequently.
American peregrine falcon FED: None Low, Species passes through region during migration and may
Falco peregrinus anatum STATE: END winter in region; during migration or winter, could fly over site, perch
in riparian woodland, and/or forage in surrounding habitats including
site,
Prairie falcon FED: None Low. Not observed during the surveys. Foraging habitat exists for this
Falco mexicanus STATE:CSC species over the property, but there is no suitable nesting habitat.
Burrowing owl FED: None None. No suitable burrowing habitat exists within the project area.
Athene cunicularia hypugea STATE:CSC This species may forage on site and in adjacent areas.
Long-eared owl FED: None Low. Foraging habitat exists on the property, but no nesting habitat.
Asio otus STATE:CSC
Black swift FED: None Moderate. This species may be in the upper reaches of West Twin
Cypseloides niger STATE:CSC Creek/Waterman and East Twin Creek.
California gnatcatcher FED: THR None. No suitable habitat occurs on site.
Polioptila califomica STATE: None
Loggerhead shrike FED: None Moderate. This species may nest within the and may forage in this
Lanius ludovicianus STATE:CSC area in winter.
Southern California rufous-crowned FED: None Moderate. Suitable grassland/scrub habitat mix exists in limited areas
sparrow STATE:CSC within the project area.
Aimophila ruficeps canescens
MAMMALS
Western yellow bat FED: None Low. This is a low elevation species that may occasionally use the
Lasiurus xanthinus State: None palm trees on site.
Townsend's western big-eared bat FED: None Moderate. Because there are a few suitable roost sites in the project
Plecotus townsendii, two ssp. STATE:CSC area, this species may roost on the property. It may also forage over
the property if there are roosting sites such as caves in the nearby
mountains.
Pallid bat FED: None Moderate. Because there are a few suitable roost sites in the project
Antrozous pallidus STATE:CSC area, this species may roost on the property. It may also forage over
the property if there are roosting sites such as caves in the nearby
mountains.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City a/San Bernardino. Page 5.3-29
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.3-4
Sensitive Biological Resources - Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Resource Status
(Common/Scientific Name) Designation Occurrence/Probability
Spotted bat FED: None Moderate, Because there are a few suitable roost sites in the project
Euderma maculatum STATE:CSC area, this species may roost on the property, It may also forage over
the property if there are roosting sites such as caves in the nearby
mountains.
California mastiff bat FED: None Moderate. Because there are a few suitable roost sites in the project
Eumops perotis calitomicus STATE:CSC area, this species may roost on the property, It may also forage over
the property if there are roosting sites such as caves in the nearby
mountains.
Big free-tailed bat FED: None Moderate. Because there are a few suitable roost sites in the project
Nyctinomops macro tis STATE:CSC area, this species may roost on the property. It may also forage over
the property if there are roosting sites such as caves in the nearby
mountains.
San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit FED: None Low. Scrub cover on this site may be too dense in normal years for
Lepus calitomicus bennettii STATE:CSC this species to persist.
Los Angeles pocket mouse FED: None Moderate. Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area along
Perognathus longimembris STATE:CSC the drainages and in the flood control basins,
brevinasus
San Bernardino flying squirrel FED: None None. Canopy cover not suitable for this species. Species is known
Glaucomy sabrinus calitomicus STATE: CSC to occur nearby at higher elevations.
U.S. Forest Service
Sensitive Species
White-eared pocket mouse FED: None None. Site does not contain pine forest habitat.
Perognathus alticola alticola STATE:CSC
Northwestern San Diego pocket FED: None High, Suitable habitat exists throughout the project area in the
mouse STATE:CSC grassland and scrub habitats.
Chaetodipus tal/ax tal/ax
San Bernardino kangaroo rat FED: END Low, Suitable alluvial scrub habitat exists throughout the project area
Dipodomys merriami parvus STATE: None along the lower sections of the drainages.
San Diego desert woodrat FED: None High. Suitable habitat exists throughout the scrub habitats of the
Neotoma lepida intermedia STATE:CSC project area.
Grasshopper mouse FED: None Low. Suitable habitat exists, but based on the preferred habitat, this
Onychomys torridus ramona STATE:CSC species may be further east.
Nelson's bighorn sheep FED: END, DPS* Low. Sheep probably are present in the vicinity of the property, but it
Ovis canadensis nelsoni STATE: THR is unlikely they would be present or use the developed areas of the
site. They may occur in the upper reaches of Strawberry and East
Twin Creek.
American badger FED: NONE Low. May be present in higher reaches of Strawberry and East Twin
Taxidea taxus STATE:CSC Creek, Sighting from Running Springs.
FED: Federal Classifications STATE: State Classifications
END Taxa listed as endangered END Taxa listed as endangered
THR Taxa listed as threatened THR Taxa listed as threatened
PE Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered CE Candidate for endangered listing
PT Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened CT Candidate for threatened listing
C2* USFWS may, in the future, designate such taxa as Candidates, (*) CFP Califomia Fully Protected. Fully
indicates those C2 candidates that were removed from the list. CSC California Species of Special Concern.
C Candidate for Iistng. SA Speciai Animal. Taxa of concem to the Califomia Natural
None Not designated as a sensitive species Diversity Data Base regardless of their current legal or
DPS Distinct Population Segment. protected status.
None Not designated as a sensitive species
Page 5.3-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.3-4
Sensitive Biolo ical Resources - Arrowhead S
Resource Status
Common/Scientific Name) Designation Occurrence/Probability
CNPS: California Native Plant Society Classifications
1 A Plants presumed by CNPS to be extinct in Califomia
18 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare or endangered in California and elsewhere
2 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened or endangered in Califomia, but which are more common elsewhere
3 Review list of plants suggested by CNPS for consideration as endangered but about which more information is needed,
4 Watch list of plants of limited distribution whose status should be monitored,
Occurrence Probabilities
Occurs: Observed on the site during this study or recorded on site by other qualified biologists.
Expected: Not observed or recorded on site, but likely to be present at least during a portion of the year.
High: Known to occur in the vicinity of the project site. Suitable habitat exists on site.
Moderate: Known to occur in the vicinity of the project site, Small areas of or marginally suitable habitat exists on site.
Low: No reported sightings within the vicinity of the project Available habitat limited and rarely used.
None: Focused surveys did not locate the species, or suitable habitat does not exist on site.
Unknown: No data is available on whether species is on or in the vicinity of the site, and information about the species is insufficient to make an
accurate assessment of probability/occurrence. Distribution whose status should be monitored.
NA - Not Applicable
Wildlife Corridors
Wildlife movement (more properly recognized as species movement) is the temporal movement of species
along various types of corridors. Wildlife corridors are especially important for connecting wildlife habitat
areas that have become fragmented; Le., larger habitat areas broken up into smaller areas that mayor may
not be capable of independently sustaining wildlife and plant populations.
Major wildlife corridors on the property probably existed along West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon and East
Twin Creek, prior to the residential development of northern San Bernardino and the construction of flood
control basins downstream from the confluence of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon and East Twin Creek.
Although wildlife movement very likely still occurs up and down the main stems of West Twin
Creek/Waterman Canyon and East Twin Creek, the abrupt termination ofthese drainages in the flood control
basins, and the presence of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa has somewhat constrained north-south
wildlife movement along drainages and mountain slopes down to the valley bottom. North-south movement
probably still occurs north up into the San Bernardino Mountains by way of the drainages and mountain
slopes. Water is a limited resource in southern California, and the presence of pools and drainages attracts
numerous wildlife species for foraging and nesting. Any movement along east-west corridors is probably still
occurring up the northeastern-most portions of East Twin Creek and Strawberry Creek although it may be
somewhat affected by the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa to the east and State Route 18 to the west.
Habitat loss has already occurred in the main portion of the property. The open space area around the
existing hotel grounds is a large, contiguous, somewhat natural habitat that ultimately connects with the
chaparral and conifer habitats of the San Bernardino Mountains.
Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands
East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, West Twin Creek, their tributaries and additional unnamed drainages
occur on the property (Figure 5.3-4, Potential Jurisdictional Waters, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan). Based
on the assessment of jurisdictional areas for the site, it was estimated that approximately 128 acres of
potential jurisdictional drainages occur within the project site along approximately 85,936 linear feet of
stream/drainages. The various riparian habitats along some of these drainages may also be wetlands,
depending upon the type of soils, hydrology, and plant species present. East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek,
West Twin Creek and their tributaries meet the USACE definition of jurisdictional waters because of the
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.3-31
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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presence of water flow and the continuous connection to the Santa Ana River through the East Twin Creek
flood control channel. The riparian woodlands within these drainages would likely fall under the jurisdiction of
the USACE as wetland habitat. The unnamed drainage along State Route 18 probably does not come under
the jurisdiction of the USACE because it lacks a connection to a jurisdictional drainage. Flow from the
drainage apparently terminates in a spreading basin area just south of State Route 18, although this could
not be verified during the field surveys.
Iil""
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East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, West Twin Creek, and their tributaries would also fall under the CDFG
jurisdiction due to the definable presence of bed and banks and the presence of riparian vegetation. The
riparian woodlands would also come under the jurisdiction of the CDFG because of their value to wildlife and
connection to a jurisdictional drainage. Additional drainages, such as the unnamed drainage along State
Route 18, may also come under the jurisdiction of the CDFG. The artificial ponds, including Lake Vonette,
may come under CDFG jurisdiction because of their potential value to wildlife.
I'JlIM
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5.3.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
B-1
Have a substantial effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any
species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or
regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and
Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
-,
B-2
Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the
California Department of Fish and Game or U,S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
.."
6-3
Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including, but not limited to marsh, vernal pool,
coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other
means.
B-4
Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or
wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors or
impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites.
-.,
6-5
Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such
as a tree preservation policy or ordinance.
B-6
Conflict with the provisions of an adopted habitat Conservation Plan, Natural
Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat
conservation plan.
.....
f'l"".'
iJII.'
Page 5.3-32 . The Planning Center
..
July 2005
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5.
Environmental Analysis
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 5.3-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.3.3 Environmental Impacts
5.3.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
GP IMPACT 5.3-1:
DEVELOPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN
UPDATE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS WOULD POTENTIALLY RESULT IN THE
LOSS OF SENSITIVE VEGETATION COMMUNITIES AND SENSITIVE SPECIES IN
UNDEVELOPED PORTIONS OF THE CITY AND SOl. [THRESHOLD 8-1]
Impact Analysis: Sensitive vegetation communities in the City and its SOl include coastal sage scrub.
Riversidean alluvial fan sage scrub, riparian areas. riparian woodlands and forests, and wetlands. In addition.
a number of sensitive plant and animal species are known to occur or have the potential to occur within the
City and SOl, particularly in the undeveloped portions to the north. Land within this area, including the
foothills and drainages of the San Bernardino Mountains, provides important foraging, dispersal, migratory,
and wildlife corridors for many sensitive species. Implementation of the General Plan Update would not result
in the direct removal of these sensitive vegetation communities because the General Plan does not infer
direct development rights.
However, development in accordance with the General Plan Update could allow for the introduction of
primarily residential and commercial land uses into largely undisturbed areas. Such construction has the
potential to have direct and indirect impacts on sensitive vegetation communities and individual plant
species. The major impact would be the removal of vegetation for building pad development and building
and roadway construction. Direct and indirect impacts to sensitive species would result from the elimination
of habitat and food resources through vegetation removal. Other potential impacts could increase incidence
of fire due to human activities and increased erosion from roadways; the introduction of non-native weedy
and insect species, and domestic animal species; increased competition from non-native species that could
affect other species ability to forage or establish territories; and increased levels of predation resulting from
modifications to on-site topography.
~
There are limited native biological resources present within the developed portions of the City. Therefore
development and redevelopment in accordance with the preferred land use plan would not result in
substantial removal or loss of sensitive habitats or species in the urbanized areas of the City.
Per the General Plan update, industrial uses, notably aggregate extraction, would be allowed in the north-
western portion of the City including Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek. While parts of this broad, flat wash have been
modified by mining activities and is traversed by several rail lines, expansion of existing aggregate mining
activities within Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek could potentially impact sensitive alluvial fan scrub habitat and
species including the federally-listed slender-horned spineflower.
The land use designations for the undeveloped hillside and mountain areas to the north would remain as
Residential Estate, Residential Low, Public Flood Control, and Open Space, per the proposed General Plan
update. Hillside Management and Foothill Fire Zone Overlays would also be applied. Vegetation com-
munities and sensitive species within the designated Open Space areas associated with Borea Canyon and
Cook Canyon would not be impacted. Any additional construction of public flood control facilities within
the area traversed by Devil Canyon could potentially remove native habitat and sensitive species upon
implementation per the General Plan land use designations. Within the residential designations,
approximately 95,664 total residential units could be developed within the City and SOlon approximately
18,856 acres. The Hillside Overlay would protect biological resources by excluding development in parcels
exceeding 15 percent natural slope, protecting natural drainage courses, and requiring preservation,
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3 -35
5.
Environmental Analysis
wherever possible, of natural vegetation and mature trees identified in subsequent environmental review.
However, low density development would still occur with implementation in accordance with the General
Plan update, ultimately resulting in the removal of sensitive habitat and species.
Designated critical habitat for San Bernardino kangaroo rat and California gnatcatcher overlay portions of the
City. The City overlays the westernmost extent of Critical Habitat Unit 1 (Santa Ana River and San Timoteo
Canyon) which roughly covers the areas encompassing City Creek, Plunge Creek, and the Santa Ana River
wash. It contains tributaries, flood plain terraces and active hydrological channels. Unit 2 (Lytle and Cajon
Creeks) roughly covers habitat along and between Lytle and Cajon Creeks from the point that the creeks
emanate from canyons within San Bernardino National Forest to flood control channels downstream. The
northwestern most portins of the City are located within Unit 2.
Portions of the City are located within Critical Habitat Unit 11 (San Bernardino Valley MSHCP) which roughly
covers approximately 58,000 acres along the foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains and
within the Jurupa Hills on the border of San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Undeveloped areas from the
northwestern most portion of the City to the northeastern most portion are located within California
gnatcatcher critical habitat.
Areas that would be retained as Open Space perthe proposed General Plan Update land use plan would not
conflict with existing critical habitat areas, including portions of the Arrowhead Springs area and a small area
in the northeastern most extent of the City north of Cook Canyon and east of SR 330. Areas proposed for
development that overlap with designated critical habitat for these two species include portions of the
foothills to the north designated as residential; areas adjacent to the Santa Ana River designated for
commercial and industrial uses; and portions of Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek to the northwest where industrial
(aggregate extraction) uses are designated. The critical habitat designation would not have any impact on
private development. Removal of critical habitat through implementation of federal projects within the City
would potentially impact listed and sensitive species. Project applicants would be required to consult with
the USFWS regarding potential impacts to listed species that the habitats may support, and to comply with
regulatory requirements, including permitting, to offset identified impacts.
Impacts resulting from development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan are addressed separately in the
following Section 5.3.3.2.
The majority of potential impacts to sensitive vegetation communities and plant and animal species would
occur as a result of project-specific activities developed pursuant to the General Plan update. To minimize
the impacts to sensitive plant communities and wildlife species, the General Plan Update establishes goals
and policies related to the protection of open space and wildlife habitat. In addition, at the time individual
development applications are submitted, the City will assess development proposals for potential impacts to
significant natural resources pursuant to CEQA and associated State and Federal regulations and City
ordinances. Future proposed development throughout the City would need to be reviewed for compliance
with resource agency (including USFWS and CDFG) requirements.
GP IMPACT 5.3-2:
DEVELOPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN
UPDATE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS WOULD POTENTIALLY RESULT IN THE
LOSS OF RIPARIAN HABITAT IN UNDEVELOPED PORTIONS OF THE CITY AND
SOl. [THRESHOLD B-2J
""',
"'"'-
.''''
...."
...
.",
""""
...
...
Impact Analysis: Riparian habitat within the City and SOl is potentially present along the Santa Ana River,
Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek, City Creek, the canyons and drainages in the foothills of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, and to a lesser extent within open flood control channels that traverse the City. Portions of riparian
habitat associated with Badger Canyon, West Twin Creek, East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, and Cook
Canyon are currently protected as Open Space. The General Plan Update would retain the areas designated ...
Page 5.3-36 . The Planning Center
July 2005
,...,
5. Environmental Analysis
as Open Space. Since no development would be allowed in these designated open space areas, no impacts
would occur to riparian habitat and sensitive species that that the habitat supports.
Undeveloped areas associated with Devil Canyon in the northernmost portion of the City would be desig-
nated as Public Flood Control. While no private use or development would be allowed within this designa-
tion, future construction of flood control facilities could potentially impact riparian habitat. Low density
development in the northern undeveloped portions of the City would be allowed in accordance with the
General Plan Update residential designations. Low density development could potentially impact riparian
corridors and habitat within these areas. The current Hillside Management Overlay would afford some
protection for natural drainage courses and riparian habitat in these areas.
All areas designated for development that have riparian habitat present would be subject to current
regulations protecting riparian habitat including Section 404 permits from the USACE, USFWS review, and
CDFG regulations under Section 1600. In the future, adoption of the San Bernardino Valley wide MSHCP,
and participation by the City would provide additional protection for habitat, including riparian habitat, and
sensitive species within undeveloped portions of the City and SOL
GP IMPACT 5.3-3:
DEVELOPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN
UPDATE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS COULD IMPACT USACE AND CDFG
JURISDICTIONAL WATERS IN UNDEVELOPED PORTIONS OF THE CITY AND
SOl. [THRESHOLD B-3}
Impact Analysis: Potential USACE and CDFG jurisdictional waters and wetlands within the City and SOl are
also present along the Santa Ana River, Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek, City Creek, the canyons and drainages in
the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, and the open flood control channels that traverse the City.
Drainages associated with Badger Canyon, West Twin Creek, East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, and Cook
Canyon are currently protected as Open Space and would retain the Open Space designation upon
implementation of the General Plan Update.
Future construction of flood control facilities in the undeveloped areas of Devil Canyon to the north could
occur with implementation of the General Plan Update in accordance with the Public Flood Facilities land
use designation. Expansion of mineral extraction activities in accordance with the Industrial Extraction land
use designation would potentially impact USACE and CDFG jurisdictional waters within Lytle Creek/Cajon
Creek. Low density development in the northern undeveloped portions of the City would be allowed in
accordance with the General Plan Update residential designations. Low density development could
potentially impact drainages within these areas. The current Hillside Management Overlay would afford some
protection for natural drainage courses and riparian habitat in these areas. Other areas designated for
development would be subject to current regulations protecting waters and wetlands, including the
requirements of applicable Section 404 permits from the USACE, USFWS review, Section 401 water quality
certification, and CDFG 1600 Streambed Alteration Agreements.
GP IMPACT 5.3-4:
DEVELOPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN
LAND USE DESIGNATIONS WOULD POTENTIALLY AFFECT WILDLIFE
MOVEMENT CORRIDORS IN UNDEVELOPED PORTIONS OF THE CITY AND SOl.
[THRESHOLD B-4}
Impact Analysis: Wildlife corridors most likely occur in the northern undeveloped portions of the City,
particularly within riparian corridors and along drainages. Wildlife movement may also occur along Lytle
Creek/Cajon Creek, City Creek, and the Santa Ana River and wash, although these areas have been pre-
viously modified by urban uses. No wildlife corridors are present in the developed areas of the City. In
general development can affect wildlife corridors through an increase in vehicular traffic levels and nighttime
light levels. These factors have been found to deter the movement of many animals, particularly in areas
where urban and wildland areas interface. Development, primarily low density residential and public flood
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City a/San Bernardino - Page 5.3-37
eB
5.
Environmental Analysis
.".,
control uses, in accordance with the General Plan Update could occur in the northernmost, undeveloped
portions of the City and potentially impact wildlife movement in these areas. Wildlife corridors within portions
of Borea Canyon and Cook Canyon would be protected by the proposed General Plan Update Open Space
designation. Natural drainage courses that wildlife could potentially utilize as movement corridors would also
be protected by policies of the Hillside Management Overlay.
..;
GP IMPACT 5.3-5:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD REQUIRE COMPLIANCE WITH THE
REQUIREMENTS OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO HILLSIDE MANAGEMENT
DISTRICT OVERLAY AND TREE ORDINANCE. [THRESHOLD B-5}
'"
Impact Analysis: Future project development in accordance with the General Plan update preferred land
use plan would comply with relevant policies and ordinances relating to the protection and preservation of
biological resources within the City. City Ordinance MC-1027, 9-8-98 and MC-682 regulates removal of
mature trees; and the City's Development Code, Hillside Management District Overlay provides protection of
slope banks, ridgelines, significant rock outcroppings, native plant materials, and natural hydrology.
GP IMPACT 5.3-6:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD NOT CONFLICT WITH EXISTING CONSER-
VATION AREAS OR ADOPTED CONSERVATION PLANS. [THRESHOLD B-6}
...
Impact Analysis: Currently, there is not a regional MSHCP in place to provide cities within San Bernardino
County a set mitigation program for offsetting potential impacts of development to the above-listed sensitive
plant and wildlife species. However, some conservation areas have been established in the last ten years in
response to specific projects, including the sand and gravel operations within the Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek
washes. The proposed General Plan land use designation forthe area between '-215 and Cajon Boulevard in
the northwesterly portion of the City would provide for development of industrial light and heavy, and
extractive uses. The existing Cajon Creek Conservation Bank provides preservation land and mitigation
credits for alluvial fan scrub habitat and 24 sensitive species associated with Lytle Creek/Cajon Creek. No
conflict with the existing conservation area would result.
...
...
Areas that would be retained as Open Space per the proposed General Plan Update land use plan would not
conflict with existing designated critical habitat areas. Under current regulations, for proposed development
areas that overlap with designated critical habitat, project applicants would be required to consult with the
USFWS regarding potential impacts to the listed species and to comply with conservation measures and
requirements to offset identified impacts.
~~
In the future, upon approval and adoption of the San Bernardino Valley wide MSHCP, and participation by
the City, future projects would comply with the HCP and MSHCP.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
Land Use Element
Policy 2.6.1: Hillside development and development adjacent to natural areas shall be designed and sited
to maintain the character of the City's significant open spaces and historic landmarks to preserve natural
features and habitat.
11$
Policy 2.6.2: Balance the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with the need for new development
through site plan review and enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Policy 2.6.3: Capitalize on the recreational and environmental resources offered by the Santa Ana River
and Cajon Wash by requiring the dedication and development of pedestrian and greenbelt linkages.
Page 5.3-38 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Natural Resources and Conservation Element
Policy 12.1.1: Acquire and maintain current information regarding the status and location of sensitive
biological elements (species and natural communities) within the planning area, as shown on Figure NRC-1.
Policy 12.1.2: Site and develop land uses in a manner that is sensitive to the unique characteristics and
that minimizes the impacts on sensitive biological resources.
Policy 12.1.3: Require that all proposed land uses in the "Biological Resource Management Areas" (BRM),
Figure NRC-2, be subject to review by the Environmental Review Committee (ERC).
Policy 12.1.4: Require that development in the BRM:
a. Submit a report prepared by a qualified professional(s) that addresses the proposed project's
impact on sensitive species and habitat, especially those that are identified in State and Federal
conservation programs;
b. Identify mitigation measures necessary to eliminate significant adverse impacts to sensitive
biological resources;
c. Define a program for monitoring, evaluating the effectiveness of, and ensuring the adequacy of
the specified mitigation measures; and
d. Discuss restoration of significant habitats.
Policy 12.2.1: Prohibit development and grading within fifty (50) feet of riparian corridors, as identified by a
qualified biologist, unless no feasible alternative exists.
eB
Policy 12.2.2: Generally permit the following uses within riparian corridors:
a. Education and research, excluding buildings and other structures;
b. Passive (non mechanized) recreation;
c. Trails and scenic overlooks on public land(s);
d. Fish and wildlife management activities;
e. Necessary water supply projects;
f. Resource consumptive uses as provided for in the Fish and Game Code and Title 14 of the
California Administrative Code;
g. Flood control projects where no other methods are available to protect the public safety; and
h. Bridges when supports are not in significant conflict with corridor resources; and pipelines.
Policy 12.2.3: Pursue voluntary open space or conservation easements to protect sensitive species or their
habitats.
Policy 12.2.4: Development adjacent to riparian corridors shall:
. Minimize removal of vegetation;
. Minimize erosion, sedimentation, and runoff by appropriate protection or vegetation and landscape;
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City a/San Bernardino - Page 5.3-39
5.
Environmental Analysis
.
-
. Provide for sufficient passage of native and anadromous fish as specified by the California
Department of Fish and Game;
. Minimize wastewater discharges and entrapment; and
. Prevent groundwater depletion or substantial interference with surface and subsurface flows; and
provide for natural vegetation buffers.
Policy 12.2.5: Permit modification of the boundaries of the designated riparian corridors based on field
research and aerial interpretation data as part of biological surveys.
Policy 12.3.1: Identify areas and formulate recommendations for the acquisition of property, including
funding, to establish a permanent corridor contiguous to the National Forest via Cable Creek and/or Devil
Canyon. The City shall consult with various federal, state and local agencies and City departments prior to
the adoption of any open space corridor plan.
Policy 12.3.2: Seek to acquire real property rights of open space corridor parcels identified as being
suitable for acquisition.
,,",,'1
Policy 12.3.3: Establish the following habitat types as high-priority for acquisition as funds are available:
a. Habitat of endangered species;
~
b. Alluvial scrub vegetation;
c. Riparian vegetation dominated by willow, alder, sycamore, or native oaks; and
d. Native walnut woodlands.
M"'"
Policy 12.3.4: Preserve and enhance the natural characteristics of the Santa Ana River, City Creek, and
Cajon Creek as habitat areas.
Policy 12.3.5: Delineate the habitats of the Santa Ana River Sucker (Catastomus santaanae) and Pacific
Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus spp. 3); develop recommendations for preservation and enhancement
of these habitats; and develop standards for development of adjacent lands.
"'"
Policy 12.3.6: Prevent further loss of existing stands of Santa Ana River Woolly-star (Eriastrum densifolium
ssp. sanctorum) and Slender-horned spineflower (Dodecahema leptoceras).
Policy 12.3.7: Require that mineral extraction (sand and gravel) projects submit a survey for rare plants
prepared by a qualified botanist which shall be prepared in accordance with the Department of Fish and
Game's Guidelines for Assessing the Effects of Proposed Developments on Rare and Endangered Plants
and Communities (CDFG, 1984).
."..
Policy 12.3.8: Require that mineral extraction projects mitigate impacts to endangered plants according to
the Mitigation Policy and Guidelines Regarding Impacts to Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants
developed by the California Native Plant Society Scientific Advisory Committee (January, 1988).
~'
Policy 12.3.9: Restrict off-road vehicle recreation in sensitive habitat areas of Cajon and Lytle Creeks.
Page 5.3-40 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.3.3.2 Arrowhead Springs
AHS IMPACT 5.3-1: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT WOULD DISTURB OR REMOVE APPROXI-
MATELY 420 ACRES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF WHICH APPROXIMATELY
124 ACRES CONTAIN SENSITIVE VEGETATION COMMUNITIES, PLANT AND
ANIMAL SPECIES. [THRESHOLD B-1}
Impact Analysis: Table 5.3-5 details project-related impacts to vegetation communities within the project
boundaries. Based on the proposed grading plan, implementation of the project would result in the direct
removal of 420.0 total acres of on-site vegetation communities.
Pl t C
Table 5.3-5
"t" . th A h d S
S
.(,. Pl A
an ommum les In e rrow ea 'iIJrlnflS IIJeel IC an rea
Plan I Community Acreage Acreage of Impacts
Annual Grassland (AG/S) 258.7 109.4
Vacated Residential Development (VRD) 39.2 39.1
Chamise Chaparral (CHA) 263.5 43.2
Chaparral (CHP) 914.3 13.6
Disturbed (DIST) 35.3 34.4
Deerweed Scrub (OS) 82.3 16.4
Landscape (LS) 133.9 108.6
Cattail Marsh (MARSH) 2.3 2.3
Lower Montane Coniferous Forest (MON) 38.8 0
Pond (POND) 2.2 2.2
Sycamore Alder Woodland (SAW)* 40.0 0.2
Southern Willow Riparian (SWR) 20.0 19.3
Sycamore Willow Woodland (SWW) 48.4 31.5
Unclassified Non-Native 21.1 0
TOTAL 1,900.2 420.2
eB
Source: NRA 2005
*Listed in CNDDB Sensitive vegetation communities
Non-sensitive vegetation communities are in the vacated residential development area and disturbed and
landscaped areas. As shown in Table 5.3-4, implementation of the proposed project would impact 39.1 acres
of the vacated residential development area, approximately 34.4 acres of the disturbed areas and 108.6
acres of existing landscaped areas mainly in the developed area associated with the existing Arrowhead
Springs facilities, roads, and area around Lake Vonette.
The proposed residential, mixed use, and golf course, would remove approximately 16.4 acres of native
deerweed scrub and 109.4 acres of mixed [native and non-native] annual grassland/scrub habitats. The golf
course would require an area of approximately 199 acres, however a small portion of that total acreage has
been previously disturbed by the construction activities associated with the MWD Inland Feeder project.
Construction of the golf course and associated residential uses along West Twin Creek(Waterman Canyon,
would also result in the removal of 43.2 acres of chamise chaparral and 13.6 acres of chaparral located
within the hillsides. Chamise chaparral would also be removed by construction of the new hotel and road
segment north of Lake Vonette. These native plant communities are relatively common in the San Bernardino
Mountains. Impacts to native and non-native vegetation along the perimeter of proposed development areas
would mostly result from the installation of vineyards, intended to function as fuel modification zones.
Vegetation communities associated with riparian habitat include sycamore alder woodland, southern willow
riparian, and sycamore willow woodland. Riparian habitat in general can support sensitive plants and wildlife.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.3 -41
5. Environmental Analysis
Implementation of the project primarily through the construction of the golf course and residential uses
would result in the removal of 0.2 acres of sycamore alder woodland associated with East Twin
Creek/Strawberry Creek; and 19.3 acres of southern willow woodland; and 31.5 acres of sycamore willow
woodland, the majority of which are located in West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon. Sycamore alder
woodland is listed in the CNDDB and is considered a declining plant community.
.ftolt;t
..."
A total of 124 acres of native vegetation (deerweed scrub, chamise chaparral, chaparral, sycamore alder
woodland, southern willow riparian, and sycamore willow woodland) would be directly impacted by
construction of the proposed project.
The improvements proposed as part of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would potentially result in
impacts to the following sensitive species:
~
Plants
f'Il'"
Project implementation would result in the removal of common and sensitive plant species on the project
site. Direct impacts may occur as a result of construction activities.
....
Populations of thread-leaved brodiaea, a federal endangered, state threatened plant species, have been
found in the vicinity of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel on clay soils and the Steam Cave drainage area. This
species may also occur along West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon. Rehabilitation of these steam caves
associated with construction of improven-.ents to the resort facilities would potentially result in direct impacts
to this listed species.
Though not observed on site, additional sensitive plants with high to moderate potential to occur in the
drainages and moist areas (particularly around the Arrowhead Springs Hotel) would likely be impacted by
golf course construction in West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon and new road construction that would
traverse the minor drainages. These species include smooth tarplant, a federal candidate species, and
Sonoran maidenfern, a State Species of Concern. The grasslands and scrub plant communities also support
habitat for three federal candidate species with moderate potential to occur onsite, including Plummer's
mariposa lily, Parry's spineflower, and many-stemmed dudleya. Implementation of proposed development in
these areas, particularly for construction of the golf course and associated residential uses in the hillsides
and construction of residential and mixed-use development in the southern portion of the site would
potentially remove these species.
...
During the operational phases of the project, indirect impacts in the form of storm water discharges could
potentially degrade or destroy habitat that would impact sensitive plant species.
Wildlife
The primary impacts of the project on wildlife resources are the removal and disruption of habitat and
displacement of wildlife, resulting in a less diverse and abundant local faunal population. Project
implementation in the short- and long-term would result in direct removal of existing wildlife habitat and
mortality of common and sensitive wildlife species existing on the proposed project site. Short term impacts
during construction may lead to temporary changes in foraging and land use patterns by resident and
nearby species. Indirect project related impacts would include increased human activity, increased ambient
noise, higher unnatural nighttime light levels, and increased mortality through road kill by traffic.
"';1
Sensitive species observed during the surveys include speckled dace and northern harrier. No federal or
state-listed species were observed on the site.
It is unknown if the Santa Ana River sucker (Federally listed threatened) is present in any of the drainages
tributary to the Santa Ana River. The speckled dace (State Species of Concern) is known from Strawberry
Page 5.3-42 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Creek and may be present in East Twin Creek and West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon. If speckled dace
and Santa Ana sucker are present in West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon, then construction would
potentially impact these species.
Construction of the golf course would involve alterations to portions of West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon
where there is high and moderate potential for the red-legged frog (Federally-listed threatened, State
Species of Concern) and yellow-legged frog (Federally proposed endangered, State Species of Concern)
respectively, to occur.
Sensitive reptile species were not observed, but suitable habitat exists on site and there is high potential for
one federal candidate reptile species (northern red-diamond rattlesnake) to occur.
The San Bernardino kangaroo rat (federally listed endangered) is not known from the West Twin
Creek/Waterman Canyon area. The lower reaches of West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon and East Twin
Creek may provide habitat for this species however there is low potential for this species to occur. Also
bighorn sheep (federally listed endangered) may occur in the upper reaches of Strawberry and East Twin
Creek watershed. However potential to occur is low and this area is not proposed for development.
Nineteen other sensitive wildlife species (including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) have a high to
moderate potential to occur onsite as previously mentioned in Table 5.3-4. These species are mostly State
Species of Concern or are not listed and are therefore not protected by federal or state listing as threatened
or endangered. Any loss of individuals would not threaten regional populations.
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project site mostly lies within the critical habitat designated by USFWS
for the coastal California gnatcatcher. Suitable habitat for the gnatcatcher was not present onsite.
AHS IMPACT 5.3-2:
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT WOULD POTENTIALLY RESUL T IN THE LOSS
OF APPROXIMATELY 51 ACRES OF RIPARIAN HABITAT [THRESHOLD B-2}
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Impact Analysis: The CNDDB tracks the occurrence of natural communities considered rare or depleted by
the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG). Four sensitive communities tracked by CDFG are
recorded within the geographical vicinity of the project site. One of the sensitive communities present within
the project site, southern sycamore alder riparian woodland, is present onsite and would be minimally
impacted (0.2 acres) by construction that may encroach into East Twin Creek/Coldwater Canyon. No other
development that would impact southern sycamore alder riparian woodland in East Twin Creek and
Strawberry Creek is proposed. Two other types of riparian habitat, southern willow riparian (19.3 acres) and
sycamore willow woodland (31.5), are mostly present in West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon. Construction
of the proposed golf course, proposed ponds for recycled water storage, and associated residential uses
would potentially remove approximately 50.8 total acres of riparian habitat along this drainage.
Indirect impacts to West Twin CreeklWaterman Canyon could potentially result from fertilizer and pesticide
runoff from the golf course which could alter water quality of the creek and downstream waters, and degrade
the riparian habitat along this drainage and downstream.
AHS IMPACT 5.3-3:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD IMPACT APPROXIMATELY 58 ACRES OF
POTENTIAL JURISDICTIONAL WATERS, INCLUDING WETLANDS. [THRESHOLD
B-3}
Impact Analysis: The exact location of the main channel of West Twin Creek where the golf course is
planned has not been determined through survey and is likely to have shifted in recent years due to severe
flooding events. A formal delineation would determine precise jurisdictional limits and impacts from
development of the project. However, for purposes of this assessment, as a worst case scenario, it was
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.3-43
5.
Environmental Analysis
assumed that the entire length of the existing drainage shown in Figure 3.3-6 parallel to the stream course
labeled "Proposed Stream Course" would potentially be impacted.
Approximately 58.1 acres of potential jurisdictional (USACE and CDFG) waters, including wetlands, would be
impacted by the proposed project. Linear impacts to the various drainages would include 2,783 feet within
the potential impact area. Construction of the golf course would comprise a significant portion of the impacts
to jurisdictional waters and associated riparian habitat along the creek. Grading the pads for the associated
residential uses could also potentially encroach into riparian vegetation considered part of CDFG jurisdiction.
Figure 3.3.-4 shows a proposed commercial area adjacent to the unnamed drainage west of Highway 18.
Construction of this commercial area could encroach into the drainage and/or potentially discharge fill into
the potential jurisdictional drainage.
In addition, there are three proposed bridges (shown on Figure 3.3-5) that would cross potential jurisdictional
drainages. The westernmost bridge along the proposed new access road would cross West Twin Creek. A
90-foot bridge north of Lake Vonette would also cross a potential jurisdictional drainage. The second bridge
just below the steam caves would cross a CDFG and Corps jurisdictional drainage. Depending upon the
design and construction requirements of these bridges, there may be temporary and permanent impacts to
these drainages.
There may also be direct impacts to West Twin Creek/Waterman Creek from the design of a series of storage
ponds/reservoirs proposed along the golf course. Depending upon final pond design, the work may require
dredging or filling of potential jurisdictional areas.
Three separate regulatory processes are all commonly applicable to planned local projects potentially
affecting water functions and values. At the federal level, final determinations on jurisdictional waters and
permit requirements are generally made by the USACE under Section 404 of the CWA. The applicable
RWQCB (Santa Ana) would review projects for water quality certification or waive under Section 401 of the
Clean Water Act. Finally, the CDFG executes with project proponents where a relevant Lake or Streambed
Alteration Agreement under Section 1600 of the Fish and Game Code would be required.
AHS IMPACT 5.3-4:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD AFFECT WILDLIFE MOVEMENT IN WEST
TWIN CREEK/WATERMAN CANYON. [THRESHOLD B-4}
Impact Analysis: Development of the proposed golf course would remove habitat utilized by various
species. Any alteration to West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon and adjacent areas could substantially affect
the use of the drainage by foraging raptors and resident and migratory birds. Downstream near the
confluence of East Twin Creek and West Twin Creek, existing open space with grassland habitat would be
replaced with residential development, further reducing the available foraging habitat.
Impacts to local north-south wildlife movement would result due to loss of native habitat along West Twin
Creek/Waterman Canyon from construction and by increased human presence along the banks of the
canyon from residential development. Impacts to wildlife movement east to west could also result in the
southern portion of the site due to proposed residential development of mostly open space at the confluence
of West and East Twin Creeks. Indirect impacts to wildlife movement through increased levels of light and
noise associated with the residential development would also result.
Maintaining East Twin Creek and Strawberry Creek drainages in their current condition (subject to natural
events such as wildfires and storms), and preservation of over 70 percent of the study area as dedicated
open space would partially offset the impacts to wildlife movement. However, a reduction in the wildlife use
of the area would be unavoidable. The proposed development adjacent to West Twin Creek/Waterman
Canyon would have a substantial effect on wildlife movement.
Page 5.3-44 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Habitat fragmentation would not be substantial for most of the project, since most of the development would
take place in areas already in use. The conversion of portions of West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon to golf
course and residential development, however, would substantially divide the habitat and wildlife use of this
area, in both north-south and east-west directions. Habitat fragmentation of the area between the proposed
development in West Twin Creek/ Waterman Canyon and State Route 18 would result.
Although the proposed development would increase in human activity and presence in the area, most ofthe
impact would be in areas that have been occupied in the past. However, the density of the development
would be greater with the proposed project than with past use, in that year round occupancy, rather than
occasional use of the site, would increase. This would result in wildlife moving farther from the project area,
especially with the introduction of exotic pets and plants that typically come with residential development.
This impact would be somewhat partially offset by the preservation of Strawberry and East Twin Creek;
however, the increase in human activities would inevitably reduce the available habitat for wildlife sensitive to
the presence of humans.
Migratory birds, including raptors, utilize the site for foraging and would potentially use the trees onsite to
nest. The project site provides 259 acres of potential foraging habitat for birds (mixed annual grassland).
Potential nesting areas include native trees associated with riparian vegetation along the drainages and non-
native trees in the landscaped areas. Project construction would potentially result in impacts to migratory
birds, including raptors, through removal of 109 acres of mixed annual grassland. The removal of trees
through site grubbing and grading would also potentially result in impacts to nesting migratory birds,
including raptors. Removal or abandonment of nesting birds (non-raptors) within the project site caused by
project development would trigger the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
AHS IMPACT 5.3-5:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD REQUIRE COMPLIANCE WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT REGULA TlONS AND STANDARDS FOR ARROWHEAD SPRINGS.
[THRESHOLDS B-5 AND B-6}
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Development Standards
Upon approval of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, the following Development Standards for Arrowhead
Springs (Section V), relative to biological resources, would supersede the relevant provisions of the City's
Development Code:
Open Space Designations
Public/Commercial Recreation (PCR)
The PCR designation also allows limited agricultural and open space uses, including vineyards, active and
passive recreation, permanent open space, wildlife preserves, multi-purpose trails, and water retention
basins. It is also intended to preserve water resources, such as watercourses, natural springs and lakes.
Any proposed development in the PCR Zone shall be evaluated by the City on a case-by-case basis.
Projects shall be evaluated for the impacts to the surrounding uses in terms of noise, odors, light pene-
tration, aesthetics, traffic and parking. It is the discretion of the Development Services Director if a Special
Conditional Use Permit is required based upon the scale of the project and potential impacts.
Open Space - Watershed (OS/W)
The OS/W is intended to preserve water resources, such as watercourses, natural springs and lakes and
provide for recreational uses such as trails and stables. Permitted uses are limited to paseos and parks and
the condition uses which are also limited shall be evaluated by the City on a case-by-case basis. Projects
shall be evaluated for the impacts to the surrounding uses in terms of noise, odors, light penetration,
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.3 -45
5.
Environmental Analysis
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aesthetics, traffic and parking. It is the discretion of the Development Services Director if a Special
Conditional Use Permit is required based upon the scale of the project and potential impacts.
General Development Standards
Hillside Development - Policies
The purpose of these standards are to ensure that development occurs in a manner that protects the hill-
side's natural and topographic character and identity, environmental sensitivities, aesthetic qualities, and the
public health, safety, and general welfare.
".,
The regulations, development standards, and design guidelines for Hillside Development within the Arrow-
head Springs Specific Plan are based on the following policies:
. To minimize the effects of grading and ensure that the natural character of hillside areas is retained;
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. To protect and balance the rights of property owners with the desire of neighbors to preserve the
most visually significant slope banks and ridgelines in their natural state by providing for developing
hillsides at low densities;
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. To encourage variety in housing types, padding techniques, grading techniques, lot sizes, site
design, density, Clrrangement, and spacing of homes and developments;
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. To encourage innovative architectural, landscaping, circulation, and site design;
. To discourage mass grading of large pads and excessive terracing;
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. To provide for safe circulation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic to and within hillside areas, and to
provide adequate access for emergency vehicles necessary to serve hillside areas;
,...
. To take into account unstable slopes, or slopes subject to erosion and deterioration, in order to
protect human lives and property;
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. To encourage design and building practices to assure maximum safety from wild fire hazard;
. To preserve visually significant rock outcroppings, native plant materials, and natural hydrology;
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. To protect and balance the rights of hillside property owners with the public benefits of reducing the
visual effects of grading and minimizing the apparent bulk of structures on ridges and hillsides; and
""of
. To balance the desire of neighbors who may object to changes in a hill's natural shape with the
rights of property owners desiring to place upscale homes at low densities on slopes and ridges.
Hillside Development - Plant and Animal Life
. Areas of a site that are identified in the environmental study as having biological significance shall be
preserved, unless exempted by the Planning Commission through the Conditional Use Permit
process.
. Natural vegetation shall be maintained wherever possible. If removal is required, reestablishment of
a compatible plant material on-site will be required at a ratio of at least 2:1.
. All exposed slopes and graded areas shall be landscaped with ground cover, shrubs, and trees.
. Existing mature trees shall be incorporated into the project where feasible (see Figure 5.3).
Page 5.3-46 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
· Water and energy conservation techniques shall be utilized, such as special irrigation techniques
(e.g., drip irrigation), drought tolerant plant species, alluvial rockscape, etc.
· Wherever possible, fire resistant native vegetation shall be preserved and planted.
· Introduction of landscaping within the hillside areas should make maximum use of texture, color,
and be capable of blending in with the natural landscape, and help to soften the effects of buildings,
walls, pavement, and grading.
· Screening along roadways should make maximum use of berming and landscaping but shall not
interfere with sight distance.
5.3.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
Future projects shall comply with the provisions of the following regulations:
· Federal Endangered Species Act
· California Endangered Species Act
. Clean Water Act, Sections 404, 401, and 402
. Fish and Game Code Section 1600
. Migratory Bird Treaty Act
. City of San Bernardino Municipal Code
Prior to the issuance of permits for any grading activity including but not limited to clearing, grubbing,
mowing, discing, trenching, grading, fuel modification, and/or other related construction activity, the City or
subsequent project applicant must obtain written authorization from the appropriate Federal, State, and local
agencies that have jurisdiction to verify that said activity complies with the regulations enforced by those
agencies. Additionally, any mitigation requirements set forth by such agencies will be incorporated into the
project's final design plans. Written authorization, along with plans and mitigation measures, will be
submitted to the City for review and shall have been approved prior to any grading activity.
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5.3.5 Level of Significance before Mitigation
5.3.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Upon consideration of General Plan policies and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant: GP 5.3-1, GP 5.3-2, GP 5.3-3,
GP 5.3-4, GP 5.3-5, and GP 5.3-6.
5.3.5.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon consideration of development standards and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
AHS 5.3-5
The proposed project would comply with the development standards for the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan development, including Open Space Desig-
nations, Hillside Development, Animal and Plant Life policies. There is no existing
approved regional HCP or MSHCP applicable to the proposed project. While
portions of the project site are within designated coastal California gnatcatcher
critical habitat, there is no habitat present. No conflict with existing conservation
plans or area plans would occur.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3 -4 7
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
AHS Impact 5.3-1
Project implementation, primarily construction in West Twin Creek/Waterman
Canyon would result in the direct removal of sensitive vegetation communities.
Impacts would be potentially significant.
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Direct impacts to one federal and state-listed plant species (thread leaved brodiaea)
known to occur on the site; and four federal candidate plant species (smooth
tarplant, Plummer's mariposa lily, Parry's spineflower, and many-stemmed dudleya)
that were not observed but with a moderate likelihood to occur would result in a
potentially significant impact.
Direct impacts to one federal threatened and one federal proposed endangered
amphibian species, and one federal candidate wildlife species
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AHS Impact 5.3-2
Approximately 51 acres of riparian habitat would be impacted by construction of the
proposed project.
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AHS Impact 5.3-3
Approximately 58 acres of potential jurisdictional (USACE and CDFG) waters,
including wetlands, would be impacted by the proposed project.
AHS Impact 5.3-4
The proposed project may potentially affect the movement of resident or midratory
wildlife species in West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon.
5.3.6 Mitigation Measures
5.3.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures would be required.
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5.3.6.2
AHS 5.3-1
Arrowhead Springs
Prior to the issuance of grading permits, a qualified biologist shall conduct detailed
surveys for sensitive vegetation communities, plants, and wildlife that occur within
the final grading footprint and associated construction staging areas for the
proposed development. If listed species are determined to be present, consultation
with the USFWS and CDFG shall be initiated. The applicant shall comply with
project-specific permit conditions and requirements developed through
consultation with USFWS and CDFG. Including:
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· Avoidance and minimization of impacts to listed species through revised
project design.
· Provision of in-kind native habitat/vegetation through onsite revegetation
and restoration at a minimum 2 to 1 ratio or higher ratio as required by
USFWS and CDFG.
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· Provision of compensation through acquisition of offsite mitigation areas at
a minimum 2 to 1 ratio or higher ratio as required by USFWS and CDFG.
AHS 5.3-2A
Prior to the issuance of grading permits for any project potentially affecting riparian
habitat, jurisdictional waters, and/or wetland habitat, the property owner/developer
shall provide evidence to the that all necessary permits have been obtained from
the CDFG (pursuant to Section 1600 of the Fish and Game Code) and the USACE
Page 5.3-48 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
(pursuant to Section 404 of the CWA) or that no such permits are required, in a
manner meeting the approval of the Director of Development Services for the City of
San Bernardino. Section 404 Permits from the USCOE will also require a Section
401 Water Quality Certification from the California RWQCB Santa Ana. Project
applicant shall provide evidence of a Section 401 Water Quality Certification. If
federally listed species are present, consultation with USFWS shall also occur in
conjunction with the Section 404 permit.
AHS 5.3-2B
Prior to issuance of a grading permit for any area containing resources subject to
the jurisdiction of USACE and CDFG, USFWS, and RWQCB, a comprehensive
Revegetation and Restoration Plan shall be developed by the applicant in
consultation with the applicable agencies. The plan shall incorporate the applicable
permit conditions and requirements of these agencies including the Section 404
Permit, 401 Water Quality Certification, and CDFG Section 1600 Streambed
Alteration Agreement.
Native vegetation shall be installed at a minimum ratio of 2 to 1 and maintained
along the developed/wildland interface of the golf course and associated residential
units, including local native plant landscaping.
The plan will address the following items:
. Responsibilities and qualifications of the personnel to implement and
supervise the plan: The responsibilities of the landowner, specialists and
maintenance personnel that will supervise and implement the plan will be
specified.
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. Site selection: The site for mitigation will be determined in coordination
with the City, USFWS, CDFG, and USFWS. The site will be located within
land to be purchased or preserved off site within the San Gabriel
watershed.
. Restoration and Creation of Habitat: The plan shall require the creation of
riparian habitat in the amount and of the type required by CDFG and
USACE, provided, however, that, in order to assure no net loss of
jurisdictional resources on an acre-for-acre basis, all impacted USACE and
CDFG jurisdictional habitat shall be compensated by restoration,
enhancement or creation at a minimum of 3: 1 ratio.
. Site preparation and planting implementation: The site preparation will
include: 1) protection of existing native species, 2) trash and weed removal,
3) native species salvage and reuse (i.e. duff), 4) soil treatments (i.e.
imprinting, decompacting), 5) temporary irrigation installation, 6) erosion
control measures (i.e. rice or willow wattles), 7) seed mix application, and
8) container species.
. Schedule: A schedule will be developed that includes planting to occur
during the appropriate season.
. Maintenance plan/guidelines: The maintenance plan will include: 1) weed
control, 2) herbivory control, 3) trash removal, 4) irrigation system
maintenance, 5) maintenance training, and 6) replacement planting.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3-49
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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· Monitoring plan: The monitoring plan will include: 1) qualitative monitoring
(i.e., photographs and general observation), 2) quantitative monitoring (i.e.,
randomly placed transects), 3) performance criteria as approved by the
resource agencies, 4) monitoring reports for three to five years, 5) site
monitoring as required by the resource agencies to ensure successful
establishment of riparian habitat within the restored and created area.
Successful establishment is defined per the performance criteria agreed to
by the USACE, USFWS, CDFG, and the City or subsequent project
applicant.
· Long-term preservation: Long-term preservation of the site will also be
outlined in the conceptual mitigation plan.
AHS 5.3-2C
The applicant shall ensure that polluted runoff from the golf course will not enter
riparian habitat and jurisdictional waters, including wetland habitat, through
implementation of Mitigation Measures 5.7-1 B, 5.7-1 C, 5.7-1 D, and 5.7-1 E (Section
5.7, Hydrology).
AHS 5.3-3
Project applicant shall implement mitigation measure 5.3-2 to address impacts to
jurisdictional waters and wetlands.
AHS 5.3-4A
Prior to issuance of a grading permit for the golf course construction and creek
realignment, the applicant shall conduct a wildlife corridor/movement analysis of
West Twin Creek/Waterman Canyon to identify and define the limits of the existing
wildlife corridor. Based on the results of the analysis, and in consultation with a
qualified biologist and a qualified native community restorationist, the landscaping
plan for manufactured slopes along the drainage shall include:
· Provision of north-south wildlife movement and linkage opportunities for
the affected species along and adjacent to the realigned creek.
· Planting of a minimum 25-foot buffer zone, within a 50-foot setback, of
native shrubs and trees that provide maximum screening.
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· Exterior lighting shall be prohibited within the 50-foot setback zone. Light
sources adjacent to the wildlife corridor shall be directed away from the
corridor.
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· To allow for the mobility of animals, fencing used in the 50-foot setback
zone shall be limited to open fencing, such as split rail fencing, which does
not exceed 40 inches in height above the finished grade.
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AHS 5.3-4B
If construction activities, including removal of riparian vegetation or construction
adjacent to riparian habitat, is to occur between March 15 and August 30, the
project proponent shall have a biologist conduct a pre-construction, migratory bird
and raptor nesting site check. The biologist must be qualified to determine the
status and stage of nesting effort by all locally breeding raptor species without
causing intrusive disturbance. If an active nesting effort is confirmed very likely by
the biologist, no construction activities shall occur within at least 300 feet of the
nesting site until measures to address the constraint are agreed to by the project
proponent and USFWS personnel. This agreement may be made by conference
call, an on-site meeting, or other mutually agreeable means.
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Page 5.3-50 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Measures available as options to address this constraint are dependent on the
species and any other protections afforded it, details of the nest site, the nest stage,
types and levels of ongoing disturbances, the relevant project actions, and
distances involved. Specific measures would be determined by the regulating
agency (USFWS).
5.3.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Upon implementation of the above mitigation measures identified above, potential significant impacts
associated with biological resources would be reduced to a level that of less than significant and no
unavoidable adverse impacts would occur.
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City of San Bernardino . Page 5.3 -51
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.4 CUL TURAL RESOURCES
Cultural resources include places, object, settlements, which reflect group or individual religious,
archaeological, architectural, or paleontological activities. Such resources provide information on scientific
progress, environmental adaptations, group ideology or other human advancements. This section of the EIR
evaluates the potential for implementation of the General Plan Update to impact cultural resources in the City
of San Bernardino and its Sphere of Influence (SOl). The analysis in this section is based, in part, upon the
following information:
. Archaeological Survey for the Arrowhead Springs Project, San Bernardino County, California, SWCA
Environmental Consultants, January 2005.
. Historic Resources Report Arrowhead Springs Hotel San Bernardino, CA (Administrative Draft), San
Buenaventura Research Associates, February 16, 2005.
A complete copy of these studies is included in Volume III, Appendix C, Cultural Resources.
Current website information and pertinent documents from the City of San Bernardino and other appropriate
agencies were also used in preparation of this section. These include:
. People of the Pines. January 2005, prepared by the San Manual Band of Mission Indians.
5.4.1 Environmental Setting
Regulatory Background
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Federal and State Regulations
National Historic Preservation Act
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 authorized the National Register of Historic Places and
coordinates public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect the Nation's historic and archeological
resources. The National Register includes districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are
significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture.
Section 106 (Protection of Historic Properties) of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA)
requires Federal agencies to take into account the effects of their undertakings on historic properties.
Section 106 Review refers to the Federal review process designed to ensure that historic properties are
considered during Federal project planning and implementation. The Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation, an independent Federal agency, administers the review process, with assistance from State
Historic Preservation Offices.
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 regulates the protection of archaeological resources
and sites which are on public [federal] lands and Indian lands.
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is a Federal law passed in 1990 that
provides a process for museums and Federal agencies to return certain Native American cultural items, such
as human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony, to lineal descendants,
and culturally affiliated Indian tribes.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-1
5. Environmental Analysis
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Archaeological, paleontological, and historical sites are protected pursuant to a wide variety of state policies
and regulations enumerated under the California Public Resources Code. In addition, cultural and
paleontological resources are recognized as a non-renewable resource and therefore receive protection
pursuant to CEQA.
California Public Resources Code
. California Public Resources Code 5020-5029.5 continued the former Historical Landmarks Advisory
Committee as the State Historical Resources Commission. The Commission oversees the
administration of the California Register of Historical Resources, and is responsible for the
designation of State Historical Landmarks and Historical Points of Interest.
. California Public Resources Code 5079-5079.65 defines the functions and duties of the Office of
Historic Preservation (OHP). The OHP is responsible for the administration of federally and state
mandated historic preservation programs in California and the California Heritage Fund.
. California Public Resources Code 5097.9.-5097.998 provides protection to Native American historical
and cultural resources, and sacred sites and identifies the powers and duties ofthe Native American
Heritage Commission (NAHC). It also requires notification of discoveries of Native American human
remains, descendants and provides for treatment and disposition of human remains and associated
grave goods.
California Senate Bil/18
Existing law provides limited protection for Native American prehistoric, archeological, cultural, spiritual, and
ceremonial places. These places may include sanctified cemeteries, religious, ceremonial sites, shrines,
burial grounds, prehistoric ruins, archaeological or historic sites, Native American rock art inscriptions, or
features of Native American historic, cultural, and sacred sites.
Senate Bill 18, signed into law in September 2004, requires cities and counties to notify and consult with
California Native American Tribe(s) about proposed local land use planning decisions for the purpose of
protecting Traditional Tribal Cultural Places ("cultural places"). It requires establishment of a Native American
Traditional Tribal Cultural Site (TICS) Register, which would list all Native American sites deemed by the
NAHC to be sacred to local tribes. SB 18 provides a new definition of TICS requiring a traditional association
of the site with Native American traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies or the site must be
shown to actually have been used for activities related to traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies.
Previously a site was defined to require only an association with traditional beliefs, practices, Iifeways, and
ceremonial activities.
SB 18 institutes as new process which would require a city or county to consult with the NAHC and any
appropriate Native American tribe for the purpose of preserving relevant TICSs prior to the adoption,
revision, amendment, or update of a city's or county's general plan or specific plan. As of March 1, 2005,
cities and counties must send their general plan and specific plan proposals to those California Native
American Tribes that are on the NAHC's contact list and have traditional lands located within the city or
county's jurisdiction. To help local officials meet these new obligations, SB 18 requires the Governor's Office
of Planning and Research (OPR) to amend its General Plan Guidelines to include advice to local government
on how to consult with California Native American Tribes.
>>
""'"
Developed in cooperation with the NAHC, the OPR guidelines include advice for consulting with California
Native American Tribes for:
....
· The preservation of, or the mitigation of impacts to cultural places;
· Procedures for identifying through the NAHC the appropriate California Native American tribes;
".,
Page 5.4-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
. Procedures for continuing to protect the confidentiality of information concerning the specific
identity, location, character, and use of cultural places; and
. Procedures to facilitate voluntary landowner participation to preserve and protect the specific
identity, location character, and use of cultural places [GC !l65040.2(g)].
Also under SB 18, a new process requires the Lead Agency on a project covered by CEQA to ask the NAHC
whether the proposed project is within a 5-mile radius of a TICS. The NAHC would have 30 days to inform
the Lead Agency if the proposed project is within proximity to a TICS and another 45 days to determine
whether the project would have an adverse impact on the TICS. If the NAHC, the tribe, and interested parties
agree upon the mitigation measures necessary for the proposed project, it would be included in the project's
EIR. If both the City and the tribe agree that adequate mitigation or preservation measures cannot be take,
then neither party is obligated to take action.
5.4.1.1
San Bernardino General Plan
Prehistory
Archaeological data and correlations with ethnographic data have resulted in the determination of the
following chronology for Southern California prehistoric times:
. Early Man Horizon: This period, pre-dating 6,000 B.C., is characterized by the presence of large
projectile points and scrapers, suggesting reliance on hunting rather than gathering.
. Milling Stone Horizon: This period, from 6,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C., is characterized by the presence
of hand stones, milling stones, choppers and scraper planes; tools associated with seed gathering
and shell fish processing with limited hunting activities; and evidence of a major shift in the
exploitation of natural resources.
eB
. Intermediate Horizon: This period, from 1,000 B.C. to A.D. 750, reflects the transitional period
between the Milling Stone and Late Prehistoric Horizons. Little is known of this time period, but
evidence suggests interactions with outside groups and a shift in material culture reflecting this
contact.
. Late Prehistoric Period: This period, from A.D. 750 to European contact, is characterized by the
presence of small projectile points; use of the bow and arrow; steatite containers and trade items;
asphaltum; cremations; grave goods; mortars and pestles; and bedrock mortars.
Historic Development of San Bernardino
The first inhabitants of San Bernardino valley were Native Americans who may have settled along the Santa
Ana River as early as 8000 Be. Natives living in the valley when the Spanish military and missionary parties
arrived were Uto-Aztecan, Takic speakers, possibly including group's known as Serrano, Luiseno and
Gabrielino. Later, a Mountain Cahuilla group was brought to the valley by the local Spanish family to work
their rancho. The only local Native American community in existence at present is the San Manuel Indian
Reservation on the northern city boundary.
The first documented Spanish settlement within San Bernardino valley was established in 1810. The site of
this settlement was dedicated as the Rancho de San Bernardino of Mission San Gabriel. In 1819 second
Rancho de San Bernardino was established at a site known as the Guachama rancheria, located a few miles
east of the possible original settlement in what is now the City of Loma Linda. Two years later, in 1821, a
branch of Mission San Gabriel was established within the present boundaries of the City of Redlands. From
this branch mission, the development of agriculture within the valley began. Water was transported via a ten-
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-3
5. Environmental Analysis
mile ditch from Mill Creek to irrigate olive trees and vineyards. With the transition of political power from
Spanish authority to Mexican control in 1822, attitudes toward land ownership and use underwent a major
shift.
...
From the period of initial settlement in 1810 to 1839, sole control over lands in the valley was in the hands of
the church. Around 1840, following the establishment of the Mexican republic, large grants of private land
(ranchos) by the acting governor to three brothers of the prominent Lugo and Diego Sepulveda families
signaled a change in private control, and the beginnings of large scale ranching and agriculture in the valley.
The Lugos sold a large portion of the San Bernardino Rancho to a group of 800 Mormons (Church of the
Later Day Saints).
-
In 1854 San Bernardino became incorporated as a city. This occurred one year after the County of San
Bernardino was split from the Counties of San Diego and Los Angeles. Its population consisted of
approximately 1 ,200 inhabitants, 75 percent of whom were Mormon. Over the next few years, the character
of the City reflected the values of its chief inhabitants; but in 1857, Mormons from across the country were
recalled to Utah. Unsettled and unclaimed property of approximately 8,000 acres was purchased and
subdivided.
....~
...
The agricultural character of the valley, established during the Mexican and Mormon periods, continued to
dominate the local economy; however, with continued development of the timber and mineral resources of
the mountains and desert, the character of the City slowly emerged as a regional commercial center.
With the completion of rail connections between the desert and Los Angeles in 1887 by the Santa Fe
Railroad, San Bernardino soon developed into a railhead boomtown. Commercial enterprises dominated the
urban landscape, with emphasis upon service and retail establishment, while industrial enterprises
supported agricultural development.
-""'"
The commercial core of the City of San Bernardino grew slowly to the east, west, and north. Downtown
businesses included hotels, restaurants, saloons, retail shops, and small service-oriented businesses.
Property to the south appears to have remained primarily agricultural. To the west of the core, transportation
related industries developed around the Santa Fe rail yard. To the north and east of the core, relatively small
agricultural farms and ranches dominated. Service industries slowly intermingled with the eastern farms,
while farms to the north developed into the primary residential district of the City. See Figure 5.4-1, Historical
Patterns of Development.
..,..
-
Urban land use expansion continued outward from the downtown core, reflecting the basic patterns
established in the late nineteenth century. Residential growth in the twentieth century continued to expand
into the rural agricultural zone, with redevelopment of earlier residential areas also occurring. Commercial
establishments continually replaced one another, slowly expanding into residential districts. Service and light
manufacturing industries continued an association with the transportation corridors, relying initially upon
easy access to rail and wagon roads, and later upon paved highways. With the arrival of air transportation,
commercial fields were established in rural agricultural areas, and combined with the industrial pattern for
easy access to rail lines, set the stage for the establishment of local military facilities during World War II.
J'lf'
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJoriated Specific PlanJ EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.4-1
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Historical Resources
Historic resources are defined as buildings, structures, objects, sites and districts of significance in history,
archaeology, architecture and culture. These resources include intact structures of any type that are 50 years
or more of age. These resources are sometimes called the "built environment" and can include, in addition to
houses, other structures such as irrigation works, and engineering features. Historic resources are preserved
because they provide a link to a region's past as well as a frame of reference for a community. Often these
sites are a source of pride for a City.
The San Bernardino area contains a considerable variety of historic residential architecture, including
California and Craftsman Bungalows, Spanish Colonial Revival and Victorian, among others. A Historic
Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report, completed in 1991 to evaluate residential and commercial
districts of potential historic district merit. The Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report is
contained in five volumes and available at City Hall.
The intent of the historic survey was to identify general concentrations of historic structures, defined as
buildings constructed prior to 1941, which have maintained their architectural integrity. Concentrations of
pre-1941 homes were found to exist throughout the surveyed area. The overall quality of these historic
neighborhoods varied widely. Several of the areas surveyed were of potential historic district merit,
containing a cohesive collection of pre-1941 buildings of similar history and architectural identity. Although
not adopted, the potential historic districts identified consist of four residential and two commercial districts
and range in size from two blocks to over one square mile. In addition to concentrated districts, San
Bernardino contains individual structures located throughout the planning area which are historically
significant. The 1988 City of San Bernardino General Plan EIR Technical Background Report, available at the
City of San Bernardino, provides descriptions of those designated historic landmarks in the City, which
include one listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), eleven California Points of Historical
Interest (CPHI) and one State of California Historic Structure (CHS). These landmarks are listed below. In
addition, 31 structures are identified therein which have potential for cultural significance.
eB
National Reqister of Historic Places
. San Bernardino Post Office (NRHP-L-85-136)
California Historical Landmarks and Points of Historical Interest
. Santa Fe Railroad Station Building (CPHI-53)
. Anderson Building (CPHI-90)
. Heritage House (CPHI-102)
. Sturges Auditorium (CPHI-1 00)
. California Theater (CPHI-1 03)
. St. Bernardine of Siena Catholic Church (CPHI-106)
. Home of Eternity Cemetery of Congregation Emanuel (CPHI-44)
. Pioneer Cemetery (CPHI-24)
. Rudolf Hack Residence and West Twin Creek Water Company Flume (CPHI-104)
. Home of Neighborly Service (CPHI-88)
. Courthouse Clock
State Historic Structures
. Patton State Hospital Residence (#1 and #2) (CHS-2369-1)
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-7
5. Environmental Analysis
Archaeological Resources
Archaeological resources are the physical remains of past human activities and can be either prehistoric or
historic in origin. Archaeological sites are locations that contain significant evidence of human activity.
Generally a site is defined by a significant accumulation or presence of one or more of the following: food
remains, waste from the manufacturing of tools, tools, concentrations or alignments of stones, modification
of rock surfaces, unusual discoloration or accumulation of soil, or human skeletal remains. Archaeological
sites are often located along creek areas, ridgelines, and vistas.
~.
Areas of high archaeological sensitivity within San Bernardino are found in Figure 5.4-2 below. The
archeological sensitivity figure contains areas of know resources or reasonably could contain resources and
which had demonstrable surface integrity as of November 1987. The City's center has been identified as an
Urban Archaeological District based on it being the center of the area's history of cultural development.
,"'
Paleontological Resources
Paleontological resources are the fossilized remains of organisms from prehistoric environments found in
geologic strata. These resources are valued for the information they yield about the history of the earth and
its past ecological settings. There are two types of resources; vertebrate and invertebrate paleontological
resources. These resources are found in geologic strata conducive to their preservation, typically
sedimentary formations. Paleontological sites are those areas that show evidence of pre-human activity.
Often they are simply small outcroppings visible on the surface or sites encountered during grading. While
the sites are important indications, it is the geologic formations that are the most important since they may
contain important fossils. Potentially sensitive areas for the presence of paleontological resources are based
on the underlying geologic formation. Fossil remains may occur throughout the City of San Bernardino,
although the evenness of their distribution is not known. The potential for fossil occurrence depends on the
rock type exposed at the surface in a given area.
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...
Native American History
San Manuel Band of Mission Indians
Descendents of the Serrano Indians, the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians roamed a territory that
spanned the San Bernardino Mountains and valley and adjoining desert lands. The origin of the name, San
Manuel Band of Mission Indians, is the result of Yuhaviatam engagement with colonizing European and
American powers. The term Mission Indians originated from the 21 missions established by Spanish settlers
along California's coast from 1769 to 1823, from San Diego to San Francisco. In their native language, they
call themselves Yuhaviatam, or People of the Pines. After first contact, Spanish soldiers soon invaded the
Serrano villages, removing the people from their ancient homelands and placing them into the mission
system where many died from new diseases and the changes in their diet.
...
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By the mid-1800s sweeping change was brought to California and the United States with the passage of the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the California Gold Rush of 1849. New settlers came to California,
radically changing the Serrano lands with their ranching, farming, and logging. In 1866, unrest came to the
area as militia forces from San Bernardino killed Serrano men, women, and children in a 32-day campaign.
Yuhaviatam tribal leader Santos Manuel safely led the remaining Yuhaviatam from their ancient homelands in
the mountains to the valley floor.
..
.'
In 1891 with passage of the Act for Relief for Mission Indians the San Manuel reservation was established
and recognized as a sovereign nation with the right of self-government. The San Manuel reservation was
...
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Page 5.4-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJOciated Specific Plam EIR
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5.
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named for a great tribal leader, Santos Manuel, and henceforth the tribe was recognized as the San Manuel
Band of Mission Indians. The reservation originally consisted of 657 acres of steep foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains, to near the top of Mount McKinley. Today it consists of just over 800 acres of mostly
mountainous land and is located in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountain region, just north of the City
of Highland. Few people still speak the Serrano language, and few ancestral rituals survive. Some continue
to sing traditional Bird Songs on special social occasions. Approximately 85 Serrano people currently live on
the San Manuel Reservation. Many of the 1,000 or so residents who live on or near the Morongo Reservation
and near the Soboba Reservation are also of Serrano descent.
In the mid-1980s, the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians invested in a high-stakes bingo operation. The
San Manuel Indian Bingo gaming facility was expanded in 1994. In December 2000, the San Manuel Bottled
Water Group was founded as part of a federal charter granted to the Tribe to allow tribal business
diversification. Encompassing gaming and other enterprises, the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians is one
of the largest employers in the Inland Empire area and employs over 2,000 people.
Tribal government consists of two governing bodies: a seven-member elected Tribal Council which acts as
the Business Committee and a General Council. The Tribal Council is responsible for enforcing by-laws,
establishing policies, protecting business interests and preserving the sovereignty of the tribe.
5.4.1.2
Arrowhead Springs
Historic Background
General Historical Context
People traveling between the Colorado River and coastal settlements used the Mojave Trail, located west of
the current study area, for hundreds of years. Although the Mojave Trail was one of the first trails used by
early explorers, it was all but abandoned when the gentler Cajon Pass area became known.
eB
As previously mentioned a Mormon colony was established in the 1850s in San Bernardino. Almost
immediately, Waterman Canyon and Mill Creek were used as logging areas. The mills were small and
simple, usually operated by a crew consisting of three to four people. The mills were lucrative and were a
primary source of income for the San Bernardino colony. The Mormons maintained control of the mills until
they were recalled to Salt Lake Valley in 1857. At that time, many of the mills shut down, while some were
sold at a considerably low price. During the 1860s, lumbering in the San Bernardino Mountains stagnated.
Only two operations existed throughout most of this period.
There were incidents of hostility due to the continued influx of settlers and lumbering operations. Most
notably, the "Battle of Indian Hill" occurred near the present day Lake Arrowhead. Several hundred shots
were exchanged, two settlers and six Native Americans were killed, and several people were wounded.
Despite this incident and others like it, lumbering continued in the Western San Bernardino Mountains.
Between 1865 and 1895, lumbering reached its peak although most mills were still fairly small operations
employing less than 20 men. While there were a large number of mills in the area, they were not all lucrative.
The Brookings Lumber Company was a highly mechanized lumbering operation from 1899 to 1912. Its
exploitation of the resources was intense and by the time the company ceased operations, over 3000 acres
were almost denuded of vegetation. The company also built an extensive system of railroads in the
Arrowhead Lake area extending to all of the company's major logging areas.
Development History
David Noble Smith, an Ohioan in California on a prospecting trip, was the first American to take note of the
natural hot springs at the base of Arrowhead in 1851. On this trip, he reputedly vowed to return to the spot to
General Plan Update and Associated Sjiecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-11
5. Environmental Analysis
establish an infirmary, and he ultimately did so in 1863. Smith cleared a road from Waterman Canyon to the
spa and constructed the first spa building-a "long shack" according to some accounts-which he opened
to the public. The following year, Smith built additional bathing rooms and reservoirs to collect the hot water
and opened his "Hot Springs Hygienic Infirmary" for the treatment of consumption. Water from the springs
was used in treating tuberculosis. He continued to run the operation for two decades but was forced to lease
the property to new owners in 1883. He continued to live nearby until his death in 1885 and is buried on the
property where a monument currently stands.
Under new ownership some structures were razed and others improved and expanded. After the existing
structure burned to the ground in 1885, a new hotel was built near the springs in 1886. Due to booming
tourism spawned by the arrival of the transcontinental railroad in 1883, the owners were able to triple the size
of the hotel over the course of the next three years. In 1887, the Arrowhead and Waterman Railway Company
was formed to provide rail service from San Bernardino, however the tracks were only laid as far as Patton
and the hotel was reached via stage upon arrival at the Arrowhead Station of the Santa Fe Railroad's "Belt
Line." Between 1886 and 1894 there were successive owners but the hotel maintained its reputation as a first
class resort. Unfortunately the hotel burned in 1895 and the Arrowhead and Waterman Railroad failed in the
same year leaving the rail extension to the hotel incomplete. The property remained vacant for the next
decade.
"',
A new era for the hotel property began in 1904 with the buyout of the property from its Los Angeles owners
by a local San Bernardino businessman, Seth Marshall. Marshall and his investors expanded their holdings
in the area to almost 1 ,800 acres by purchasing the estate of former California Governor Waterman and then
constructed another hotel in 1905 that opened for business in 1906. In 1907 The Valley Traction System with
Marshall as an investor completed rail service to Arrowhead Springs after buying the rights to the defunct
Arrowhead and Waterman Railroad. Seven daily trips were provided to the resort. The company was then
sold to the Pacific Electric Railway Company, Southern California's well-known "Red Car" line, which
provided scheduled passenger service to Arrowhead Springs until 1932. Marshal established a bottling plant
was in the hotel's basement shortly after the hotel opened, utilizing water from Arrowhead Springs. In 1917,
the bottling plant was moved to Los Angeles and although the owner sold his interest in the hotel, he kept his
rights to the water. In the early 1920s the property was leased by the Veterans Bureau as a rehabilitation
hospital for World War I soldiers but returned to Marshall and his investors in 1924. A massive remodeling of
the facilities took place prior to reopening to the public in 1925. Varying expansion plans were announced in
1929 and over the next 5-6 years but few of those plans came to fruition except for the construction of some
bungalows that were noted in the Los Angeles Times in 1935 as being used by Hollywood stars and writers
as offices while vacationing. In 1938 a an aggressive brush fire swept through the hillsides above San
Bernardino, destroying the Arrowhead Springs Hotel and many other buildings on the property and the
property was subsequently sold to Hollywood investors.
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In 1939, construction began on a new hotel and the Arrowhead Springs Corporation was founded whose
directors included: Joseph M. Schenck, Jay Paley (President), Darryl Zanuck (Vice President), Edgar J.
Mannix, William Goetz (Vice President), Constance Bennett, Lou Anger, J.B. Anger, Claudette Colbert, AI
Jolson, and J.B. Codd (Secretary-Treasurer), well known Hollywood residents. Many important designers
and architects of that era were known to be involved with the project. For more detail see Appendix C,
Volume II. During the gala grand opening many stars made an appearance but despite all the publicity and
involvement of celebrities, the hotel failed, closing in the spring of 1941. The hotel open again later that year
under new ownership but was soon put into serviced of the country's new war time effort first hosting fund
raising events and then as a naval convalescent hospital after purchase by the United States Navy in 1944. In
1946 the Navy returned the hotel to private ownership and after renovation it reopened in 1948, but despite
much publicity the hotel never regained its prewar luster.
""..
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Over the course of the 1950s, the property entered into a period of constant flux, with various planned
improvements, temporary closures and many purchase options on the table every few years including a
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5. Environmental Analysis
1951 purchase by famed hotelier Conrad Hilton. Numerous renovations took place during this time but the
hotel closed permanently in 1959 and after a period of vacancy was sold to William Bright of Campus
Crusade for Christ International in 1962. Campus Crusade used the hotel as a religious retreat and as a
resort and conference center but vacated the property as a headquarters in 1991.
Historic Resources
San Buenaventura Research Associates (SBRA) prepared a Historic Resources Report on the Arrowhead
Springs Hotel to determine NRHP and CRHP eligibility of the complex. The Arrowhead Springs Hotel
complex is registered as a County Point of Historic Interest (CA-SBR-2268). The following Table 5.4-1
Potential Historic Resources summarizes the potential historical resources that currently exist on the project
site and Figure 5.4-3, Arrowhead Springs Buildings, Structures and Object Locations, illustrates the location
of many of these resources.
Table 5.4-1
Potential Historic Resources
Building No. Name Historic Period Date of Construction
1 Hotel/Steam Caves * 1939-1955 1939
2 Pool, Cabanas, Tennis Courts* 1939-1955 1939
3 Bungalow 1 * 1904-1938 c. 1929
4a Bungalow 3 * 1904-1938 c. 1936;c. 1939
4b Bungalow 4 * 1904-1938 c.1936
4c Bungalow 5* 1904-1938 c. 1936
4d Bungalow 6* 1904-1938 c. 1936
5 Bungalow 7* 1904-1938 c. 1936
6 Bungalow 8* 1904-1938 c.1936
7 Bungalow 9* 1904-1938 c.1936
8 Bungalow 10* 1904-1938; 1938-1955 c. 1929, c. 1940
9 Mud Baths * 1904-1938 ? Before 1931
10 Garage (Hill Auditorium) 1939-1955 c. 1939
11 Hacienda 1939-1955 Uncertain
12 Smith Memorial* 1863-1883; 1883-1895 c. 1875-1885
13 Indian Statue * 1904-1938 1924
14 Spring House 1939-1955 c.1945
15 Quonset Huts 1939-1955 c.1945
16 Reservoir* Uncertain Uncertain
17 Springs * Uncertain Uncertain
18 Fountains * 1904-1938 c. 1904
19 Terrace and Tennis Courts* 1904-1938 c. 1925
20 Arrowhead Pool - 1957
21 Maintenance Buildings - After 1962
22 Chapel - 1969
23 Bungalow 11 - 1982
24 Sierra Room - 1982
25 Outdoor Theater - After 1962
26 Village CompleX/Creekside Lodge - 1968, 1983
27 Canyon View Offices - 1968-1969
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-13
eB
5. Environmental Analysis
Building No. Name Historic Period Date of Construction
28 Lake Vonnetle - After 1962
29 Sewer Plant - After 1962
- Landscape Elements * Various Various
- Miscellaneous Features * Various Various
Table 5.4-1
Potential Historic Resources
*Eligible elements for listing on the NRHP and CRHP.
The majority of buildings in Table 5.4-1, Potential Historic Resources, and Figure 5.4-3, Arrowhead Springs
Buildings, Structures, and Object Locations, above were less than 50 years of age at the time of the Historic
Resources Report, and consequently were not subject to further eligibility evaluation. Buildings at least 50
years of age, or those previously determined to be eligible for preservation were evaluated in detail in the
Historic Resources Report (Volume III, Appendix C). Buildings determined to be eligible are briefly described
as follows with map reference number noted:
""
Arrowhead Springs Hotel (#1): The hotel building is roughly an "X" in plan and consists of a central mass
six stories in height flanked by one, two and four-story wings projecting at obtuse angles, opening towards
the north and south. The central mass is stepped and terminates in a truncated hipped roof topped by
cresting. The wings feature flat, parapeted roofs. The building is constructed of poured-in-place concrete.
The hotel building features two prominent elevations, northern and southern. The northern elevation is
characterized by a neoclassical two-story main entrance centered on the elevation. Projecting to the east of
the northern elevation is the one-story theater wing. The southern elevation of the hotel features two, four-
story guest room wings projecting at an obtuse from the building's six-story central mass. The Steam Caves
are located near the bottom of the West Fork of Hot Water Canyon, immediately to the west of the hotel, and
are accessed by means of an elevator. They consist of semicircular flagstone masonry walls constructed on
benches on the canyon sides. Concrete tunnels extend into the hillside.
....
-
Ground was broken for the construction of the hotel in January, 1939 and it was opened to the public the
following December. The building was designed by the important Los Angeles architects Gordon Kaufmann
and Paul Williams. The interiors of the hotel, including the pillared lobby and ornate dining areas and bar, as
well as many of the furnishings, were designed by Dorothy Draper and Company of New York. Known
alterations to the hotel include the enclosure of the semicircular portico on the southern end of the lobby to
create a cocktail lounge in 1951. Other renovations to the interior also occurred during the early 1950s, the
precise extent of which is not currently known. The Steam Caves area has been considerably impacted by
brush fires, which have destroyed the frame portions of this feature.
...'
....
Pool and Cabanas (#2): The pool area consists of a large concrete swimming pool flanked by two cabana
buildings. The brick and frame cabanas, located on the east and west sides of the pool, feature a center
locker room pavilion flanked by cabana rooms opening towards the pool. Above and to the north ofthe pool
is a terrace and stairway. Tennis courts are located nearby to the east. The pool area was constructed in
1939, along with the hotel. The only known alterations are the removal of three diving boards, including a
stylish concrete high-dive, from the southern end of the pool.
Bungalow 1 (#3): This one-story wood-frame residence is roughly a U-plan enclosing a large terrace
opening towards the south and features stucco-clad walls and a Spanish tile roof. This building was probably
constructed circa 1929, in connection with the plans for expansion of the hotel facilities announced for that
year. The designer of the building is not known. It appears to be essentially unaltered.
'""'
....
....
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Page 5.4-14 . The Planning Center
JIIly 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Buildings, Structures and Object Locations
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San Bernardino Genera! Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
5. Environmental Analysis
This page left intentionally blank.
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Page 5.4-16 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Bungalows 3, 4, 5, and 6 (#4a, 4b, 4c, 4d): These one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residences are
irregular in plan and feature gable roofs covered with Spanish tile. Windows are mainly steel casements.
They are similar in design, and were probably all constructed circa 1936 in connection with the announced
intention to build six new bungalows that year. The designer is not known. They are mainly unaltered, with
the notable exception of the later enclosure of the south-facing sun rooms to create kitchens, and a variety of
small room additions. These alterations probably occurred when they were converted from hotel rooms to
full-time residences during the 1960s or 1970s. Bungalow No.3 appears to have been moved to its current
site from its original location, roughly 100 feet to the northwest, probably when the existing access road on
the north side of the hotel was constructed in 1939.
Bungalow 7 (#5): This one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residence is irregular in plan and features a side-
facing gable roof covered with Spanish tile. It was probably constructed circa 1936, as one of the six
bungalows scheduled for construction that year. The designer is unknown. Apparent alterations included the
enclosure of porches and sun rooms on the southern elevation, evidently prior to 1950, and the likely
conversion of an attached two-car garage to living space, probably during the 1960s or 1970s. The 1950
Sanborn Map of the property labels this building as the "Pike Bungalow." The historical associations of this
name are not currently known, but this reference suggests that this building was utilized as a residence for a
hotel employee, rather than as guest quarters.
Bungalow 8 (#6): This one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residence is irregular in plan and features a
side-facing gable roof covered with Spanish tile. Windows are mainly steel casements. It was probably
constructed circa 1936, as one of the six bungalows scheduled for construction that year. The designer is
unknown. Apparent alterations included the enclosure of a porch on the southern elevation, evidently prior to
1950. The 1950 Sanborn Map of the property labels this building as the "Martin Bungalow." The historical
associations of this name are not currently known, butthis reference suggests that this building was utilized
as a residence for a hotel employee, rather than as guest quarters.
eB
Bungalow 9 (#7): This one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residence is irregular in plan and features a hip
roof covered with Spanish tile. It was probably constructed circa 1936, as one of the six bungalows
scheduled for construction that year. The designer is unknown. Apparent alterations included the enclosure
of a porch on the southern elevation to create a kitchen, evidently during the 1960s or 1970s. The 1950
Sanborn Map of the property labels this building as the "Fichett Bungalow." The historical associations of
this name are not currently known, but this reference suggests that this building was utilized as a residence
for a hotel employee, rather than as guest quarters.
Bungalow 1 0 (#8): This one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residence in an H-plan features intersecting
hip roofs covered with Spanish tile and a landscaped entry courtyard featuring a Mexican tiled, octagonal
fountain on the northern side. It was probably constructed circa 1929, in connection with the plans for
expansion of the hotel facilities announced for that year. Architectural evidence, primarily on the interior,
suggests it was remodeled circa 1940. The original designer of the building is not known, but the alterations
may have been designed by Paul Williams or Gordon Kaufmann, the architects for the 1939 hotel. Apparent
alterations afterwards included the enclosure of a porch on the southern elevation, probably after 1950. The
1950 Sanborn Map of the property labels this building as the "Schenck Bungalow," suggesting it was used
by 20th Century Fox chairman Joseph M. Schenck, one of the principal investors in the 1939 hotel, rather
than as guest quarters.
Mud Baths (#9): The mud baths are composed of several structures. Most prominent of these is a shallow,
rectangular basin with a concrete floor and mortared stone walls supported by shallow buttresses. Within the
basin are a number of stone columns, which presumably supported catwalks, which are no longer extant.
The function of these facilities was to heat therapeutic muds with hot spring water. After 1939, these muds
were transported into the hotel, where they filled concrete treatmenttubs used by the guests. The date of this
feature could not be definitively determined. Hot mud baths were located in this approximate location at least
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-17
5. Environmental Analysis
as early as 1894, and similar features are pictured in early hotel literature, so it could conceivably date in
whole or part from either the 1888-1895 or the 1904-1938 hotel periods.
Garage (Hill Auditorium) (#10): This one-story wood-frame building with a truss roof covered with rolled
roofing is rectangular in plan. Two large wing walls project from the western elevation, forming a forecourt
covered by an attached wood-frame pergola. The first garages known to have been constructed at the
Arrowhead Springs Hotel were built circa 1925, near the beginning of the automobile era at the hotel. These
buildings, which were probably wood-frame construction and located on or near the present garage building
site, were probably lost in the 1938 fire. The present building was probably constructed in 1939 to replace it.
The designer is unknown. The building was apparently converted to an auditorium use in 1958 and altered
again in 1990, at which time the forecourt was presumably added.
Hacienda (#11): This one-story, stucco-clad, wood-frame residence building is constructed in roughly an L-
plan. It cannot be definitely shown to have existed at its current location prior to 1950, although the
architectural and historical evidence suggests an earlier date of construction. It was likely to have been
constructed by combining a number of buildings salvaged from other locations. During the U.S. Navy's
occupation of the hotel (1944-46), this building was used as officer's quarters. Clearly discernible recent
alterations include the replacement of many windows with modern aluminum sliders.
.
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....
Smith Memorial (#12): This small cemetery consists of a marble obelisk on a granite base surrounded by
three head-stones. This is the burial site of David Noble Smith (1831-85), the founder of Smith's Infirmary and
the first to construct a spa on the site of Arrowhead Springs. Also buried here are his daughter Mary Amaret
Smith (1878-1881) and a friend, Frank B. Stebbins (1845-1875). The date the cemetery was established is
not known, but it may be presumed that it began with the death of Stebbins in 1875 and the marker erected
shortly after David Smith's death in 1885. The shaft of the obelisk has apparently been broken at least twice
and repaired.
"""
Indian Statue (#13): This 13-foot-high statue of an American Indian is cast of concrete and rests on a
concrete block platform. The sculptor was J.L. Root, about whom nothing is presently known. Originally
designed to be integrated into a stone archway spanning the roadway at the entrance to the hotel grounds in
1924, it was moved to its current location in 1976.
,.,...
Spring House (#14): This one-story, wood-frame, stucco-clad building features a flat roof and a small
covered entry porch supported by wood posts on the northern elevation. The windows are wood frame. The
date of construction for this building is uncertain, but based on the architectural evidence it was likely
constructed by the U.S. Navy during its use of the property, 1944-46. It was probably constructed roughly
300 feet to the north of its present location and moved to its current site after 1950. It appears to be
moderately altered, with the enclosure of window and door openings, and possibly stucco over original
wood cladding.
~"
Quonset Huts (#15): This is a grouping offive small corrugated steel buildings organized in an attached,
sawtooth pattern. Their date of construction is uncertain, but based on the architectural evidence, they were
likely constructed by the by the U.S. Navy during its use of the property, 1944-46. They were probably
constructed roughly 300 feet to the south of their present locations as detached buildings and moved to the
current site after 1950. The doorways on the southern elevations appear to be somewhat altered, and the
buildings have been sprayed with a texture coating material.
-
Reservoir (#16): This water storage structure is rectangular in plan and covered with a wood-frame side-
facing gable roof. The date of construction is uncertain, but this site has been the location of the hotel's
domestic water supply storage since at least 1931. The current improvements probably date from 1939.
-
Page 5.4-18. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Landscape Elements and Miscellaneous Features
Although the most prominent feature of the Arrowhead Springs property is the 1939 hotel, the property
should be understood as an evolving historical landscape, the product of approximately 140 years of
historical use. The large number of buildings, structures and objects distributed throughout the property
makes the creation of a complete accounting of these features at this level of investigation problematic.
Further, given the limited historical documentation currently available, particularly from the earlier periods of
habitation and use, dates of construction for many of these features are difficult to establish confidently.
These features include landscape elements, fountains, springs, water features, tennis courts, Arrowhead
pool now filled with soil, and landscape elements.
A substantial number of additional features, potentially built during historic periods, are located throughout
the property. These features include walls, roads, gutters and small buildings. Due to the size, terrain and
overgrown nature of the property, not all of these buildings and structures could be readily cataloged and
dated, or in some cases, observed. Therefore, the existence of some should be regarded as unverified. In
particular, a small passenger shelter is known to have existed until at least recently in the vicinity of the
terminus of the Arrowhead Springs Pacific Electric line. This structure could not be located in field surveys,
but if it remains, would probably represent the last artifact from the rail line which provided access to the
hotel grounds for over 25 years. An outdoor fireplace/bar-b-cue is located west of the pool/tennis courts
feature. It is of indeterminate age and origin.
Eligibility of Arrowhead Springs Historic Resources
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires evaluation of project impacts on historic resources,
including properties "listed in, or determined eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical
Resources [or] included in a local register of historical resources." By definition, the California Register of
Historical Resources also includes all "properties formally determined eligible for, or listed in, the National
Register of Historic Places," and certain specified State Historical Landmarks. The majority of "formal
determinations" of NRHP eligibility occur when properties are evaluated by the State Office of Historic
Preservation in connection with federal environmental review procedures (Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966). Formal determinations of eligibility also occur when properties are
nominated to the NRHP, but are not listed due to owner objection. The criteria for determining eligibility for
listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) have been developed by the National Park Service.
Properties may qualify for NRHP listing if they:
eB
A. are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our
history; or
B. are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or that represent
the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
According to the National Register of Historic Places guidelines, the "essential physical features" of a
property must be present for it to convey its significance. Further, in order to qualify for the NRHP, a resource
must retain its integrity, or "the ability of a property to convey its significance."
The seven aspects of integrity are: Location (the place where the historic property was constructed or the
place where the historic event occurred); Design (the combination of elements that create the form, plan,
space, structure, and style of a property); Setting (the physical environment of a historic property); Materials
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-19
5. Environmental Analysis
(the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular
pattern or configuration to form a historic property); Workmanship (the physical evidence of the crafts of a
particular culture or people during any given period of history or prehistory); Feeling (a property's expression
ofthe aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time), and; Association (the direct link between an
important historic event or person and a historic property).
The relevant aspects of integrity depend upon the National Register criteria applied to a property. For
example, a property nominated under Criterion A (events), would be likely to convey its significance primarily
through integrity of location, setting and association. A property nominated solely under Criterion C (design)
would usually rely primarily upon integrity of design, materials and workmanship. The California Register
procedures include similar language with regard to integrity. The minimum age criterion for the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) is 50 years.
Properties less than 50 years old may be eligible for listing on the NRHP if they can be regarded as
"exceptional," as defined by the NRHP procedures, or in terms of the CRHR, "if it can be demonstrated that
sufficient time has passed to understand its historical importance" [Chapter 11, Title 14, !i4842(d)(2)).
\111'''
lI"!.'
-
..'
Historic resources as defined by CEQA, also includes properties listed in "local registers" of historic
properties. A "local register of historic resources" is broadly defined in !i5020.1 (k) of the Public Resources
Code, as "a list of properties officially designated or recognized as historically significant by a local
government pursuant to a local ordinance or resolution." Local registers of historic properties come
essentially in two forms: (1) surveys of historic resources conducted by a local agency in accordance with
Office of Historic Preservation procedures and standards, adopted by the local agency and maintained as
current, and (2) landmarks designated under local ordinances or resolutions. These properties are
"presumed to be historically or culturally significant...unless the preponderance of the evidence
demonstrates that the resource is not historically or culturally significant." (Public Resources Code!i!i 5024.1 ,
21804.1, 15064.5)
...'"
f!'o~
-
National and California Registers
.......
Significance
The Arrowhead Springs property is eligible for the NRHP and under Criterion A and the CRHR under
Criterion 1 (significant historical events) for its association with the "health seeker" movement, an important
historical and cultural developmental theme in Southern California, which was driven in large part by the
railroad inspired real estate boom of the late 1880s. As an important regional resort, it likewise played an
important role in the physical, social and economic development of the San Bernardino region. During its
most recent historic developmental phase, the 1939-1955 era, the property was closely associated with the
regionally important Southern California entertainment industry, becoming, if only briefly, one the Hollywood
culture's more far-flung outposts.
....
-
-
The property does not appear to be potentially eligible under NRHP Criterion Band CRHR Criterion 2 (lives
of persons significant in our past). Although a number historically significant individuals are associated with
the property, the property does not appear to have played a notable or important role in the lives of these
individuals or is representative of their contributions or accomplishments.
1IIll"
The Arrowhead Springs property is eligible for the NRHP eligible under Criterion C and the CRHR under
Criterion 3 (design and construction), for its association with four master designers: Paul R. Williams, Gordon
B. Kaufmann, Edward Huntsman-Trout and Dorothy Draper. Williams and Kaufmann were among a relatively
small group of Southern California architectural practitioners during the 1920s and 1930s to be closely
identified with the evolution and development of a Southern California regional architectural style. Although
the work of landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout is not as fully documented, he is counted among
the pioneers in regional landscape design. When the firm was awarded the commission to design the
interiors of the Arrowhead Springs Hotel, Dorothy Draper and Company of New York was entering a period
...
-
-
Page 5.4-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
-
5. Environmental Analysis
of considerable notoriety which began with the Hampshire House hotel project in New York City in 1937.
Arrowhead Springs was the firm's first commission in California, and one of only three known in the state.
The other two projects, the Fairmont and Mark Hopkins hotels in San Francisco, were undertaken during the
1940s. Draper was likely chosen for the Arrowhead Springs project because of her recently-established
reputation as a designer, and because her trademark free-historical style melded particularly well with the
similar approach to historicism characterizing Paul Williams' work during the period. National Register
Criterion D (CRHR 4) refers to archeology, and therefore does not apply to this evaluation.
Eligibility
Buildings, structures and objects contributing to this eligibility are listed and noted with an asterisk (*) in
Table 5.4-1 above. The period of significance for the property begins with David Noble Smith's initial efforts
to develop a spa on the property in 1863, to 1955, fifty years ago as of this writing. All features constructed
during the period of significance, as well as those listed in Table 5.4-1 as "uncertain" and "various" should be
regarded as eligible for purposes of the environmental analysis. Ineligible elements include those which are
currently less than 50 years of age, and those which should be regarded as ineligible due to alterations.
Properties Less Than 50 Years of Age
Properties less than 50 years of age may be eligible if they can be found to be "exceptional." While no hard
and fast definition for "exceptional" is provided in the NRHP literature, the special language developed to
support nominating these properties was clearly intended to accommodate properties which demonstrate a
level of importance such that their historical significance can be understood without the passage of time. 'n
general, according to NRHP literature, eligible "exceptional" properties may include, "resources so fragile
that survivors of any age are unusual. [Exceptionalness] may be a function of the relative age of a
community and its perceptions of old and new. It may be represented by a building or structure whose
developmental or design value is quickly recognized as historically significant by the architectural or
engineering profession [or] it may be reflected in a range of resources for which the community has an
unusually strong associative attachment." None of the subject properties in the study area appear to rise to
the exceptional level.
eB
Integrity
The integrity of location for Arrowhead Spring property is intact; two small buildings have apparently been
moved, but only slightly and within their historical settings. The integrity of design of the property is very
good. The historical physical relationships between the individual elements, dominated by the hotel building
but not limited to it, remain intact. The design integrity of some of the individual elements are somewhat
compromised, but mainly without a loss of their essential character-defining features or their spatial
relationships within the property as a whole. The mountainous setting for the property is almost entirely
intact. Few encroachments by recent urban development which characterizes the San Bernardino area are in
evidence on the Arrowhead Springs property. To the extent that the buildings on the property exhibit design
integrity, their integrity of materials and workmanship are also intact. The integrity of feeling and association
of the property is somewhat compromised, given that the property is no longer used for its original purpose.
On a whole, the Arrowhead Springs property appears to possess sufficient integrity to be eligible for listing
on the NRHP and CRHR under criteria A and C, and 1 and 3, respectively.
Native American Historic Resources
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area was historically a boundary region among three Native American
groups known as the Gabrielino, Serrano, and the Cahuilla. Although these groups subsisted primarily
through hunting and gathering, there is some evidence that the Cahuilla practiced limited agriculture. Corn,
beans, squashes, and melons, possibly acquired through contact with the Colorado River cultures, were
planted and harvested. The Gabrielino, Serrano, and Cahuilla all maintained permanent villages and moved
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-21
5. Environmental Analysis
to temporary camps in order to hunt and gather food resources. The permanent camps as well as the
temporary camps were usually situated near water sources.
Locally, Arrowhead Springs was occupied at various times by each of the groups. The Native Americans
considered hot springs sacred and powerful; however, Arrowhead Hot Springs were considered particularly
sacred because of the arrowhead shaped geologic formation pointing to the springs. The Gabrielino refer to
the hot springs as an ancestral campground. The Cahuilla and Serrano refer to this area in many of their
stories. The Cahuilla called the Arrowhead Hot Springs Hutratam and the Gabrielino referred to the place as
Nilrngla.
Archaeological Resources
Areas of concern for archaeological sensitivity within San Bernardino are depicted in Figure 5.4-2. The figure
contains areas of known resources or reasonably could contain resources and which had demonstrable
surface integrity as of November 1987. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area has been identified as an
"area of concern" for Archaeological Resources based on the area's history of use by various Native
American groups.
A record search of the San Bernardino Information Center located at the San Bernardino County Museum
revealed that eight cultural resources studies, including five overview reports pertaining to the Arrowhead
Springs area. A list of previous studies can be found on page 8 of the SWCA report (Volume III, Appendix C).
According to the cultural resources files at the San Bernardino Information center, one prehistoric
archaeological site, nine historic archaeological sites, three "pending" historic archaeological sites, four
historic structures and four (plus) possible historic structures are recorded within the Arrowhead Springs
area. The Arrowhead Springs Hotel complex (CA-SBR-2268) is also registered as a County Point of Historic
Interest.
,..oj,
The Arrowhead Springs property contains 15 previously recorded cultural resources. In January of 2005,
SWCA Environmental Consultants conducted a field inventory to confirm the location of these 15 previously
recorded sites. During the field work, SWCA identified and recorded five additional resources. The
Arrowhead Springs Hotel complex contains multiple known historic features and the possibility that many
remains related to the early historic and prehistoric occupations are still buried. The property manager had
discovered the ruins of a gazebo under 6 meters (approximately 20 feet) of fill material indicating that historic
and/or prehistoric remains could still be found in-situ beneath the surface. The following Table 5.4-2 is a
summary of the Arrowhead Springs Archaeological Sites. A detailed description of each site can be found in
SWCA Archaeological Survey located in Volume 111, Appendix C.
...
"'""
Table 5.4-2
ummary 0 Arrowhead Springs Archaeological Sites
Site Number Description
CA-SBR-2268 Location of prehistoric and historic village of Nilengla, as well as the historic Arrowhead Springs hotel sites.
Gazebo, once located on the front lawn of the hotel. *
Bathing Area and associated stairs and retaining wall at the bottom of the creek, just west of the hotel. *
Barbeque and historic era trash *
Historic era trash and possible foundation remains *
Mana (A hand-held stone or roller for grinding corn or other grains)*
CA-SBR-6869H Oven/chimney and foundation with an associated historic trash pit.
CA-SBR-6870H Concrete road bridge
CA-SBR-7019H Stone and concrete conduit (gutter) and Holding tanks
CA-SBR-7020H Retaining wall, steps, no foundation of former house site.
CA-SBR-7021H Possible remains of 1885 Del Rosa Water Company trench
S
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Page 5.4-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
ummary 0 rrow ead )prmgs Archaeo oglca Ites
Site Number Description
CA-SBR-7022H Retaining walls of former house, some trash
CA-SBR-7049H Rim of the World Highway
CA-SBR-7702H Eight structural features
CA-SBR-8248H Retaining walls, trash, historic features
CA-SBR-10795H 1940s to 1060s trash
P1071-21 1890 Stone Ditch tunnel
P1071-27 Adobe house with add-on's
P36-017732 1850-1860 rock and concrete flume
P36-020267 Historic era culvert
S
fA
Table 5.4-2
h S-
I . IS'
*Newly recorded "loci" based on SWCA January 2005 Survey
5.4.2 Thresholds of Significance
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5 provides directions on determining significance of impacts to
archaeological and historical resources. Typically a resource shall be considered "historically significant" if
the resource meets the criteria for listing, including the following:
· Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
California's history and cultural heritage;
· Is associated the with lives of persons important in our past;
eB
· Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction, or
represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or
· Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
· The fact that a resource is not listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in the California
Register of Historical Resources, or is not included in a local register of historical resources, does
not preclude a lead agency from determining that the resource may be an historical resource.
The following information excerpted from the most recent update ofthe CEQA guidelines provides criteria on
how to determine the significance of impacts to cultural resources:
~ 15064.5 Oetermining the Significance of Impacts to Archeological and Historical Resources
(b) A project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an
historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment.
(1) Substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource means physical
demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings
such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired.
(2) The significance of an historical resource is materially impaired when a project:
(A) Oemolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or
eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register of Historical Re-sources; or
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-23
5. Environmental Analysis
(B) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that
account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to section
5020. 1 (k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey
meeting the requirements of section 5024.1 (g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the
public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of
evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or
(C) Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for
inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources as determined by a lead agency
for purposes of CEQA.
(3) Generally, a project that follows the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of
Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and
Reconstructing Historic Buildings or the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (1995), Weeks and
Grimmer, shall be considered as mitigated to a level of less than a significant impact on the
historical resource.
...
""'-
~
...'
-
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
C-1
Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource
pursuant to Section 15064.5
C-2
Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological
resource pursuant to Section 15064.5
...'
C-3
Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique
geologic feature.
".(
C-4
Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries.
""
5.4.3 Environmental Impacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study, included as
Appendix A in Volume I, disclosed potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in
parentheses after the impact statement.
...
5.4.3.1
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.4-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN COULD RESUL TIN
THE LOSS OF POTENTIALLY HISTORIC STRUCTURES. [THRESHOLD C-1)
..
Impact Analysis: Historians consider the City of San Bernardino, especially areas depicted in Figure 5.4-1,
as being historically significant. Adoption of the General Plan in itself would not directly affect any historical
structures. However, build-out of the General Plan over the long term would allow development and
redevelopment to occur in historically sensitive areas. The General Plan contains goals and policies that
specifically address sensitive historical resources and their protection if they are encountered during any
development activity. The City of San Bernardino adopted a Historic Building Preservation Ordinance in
1989. The ordinance establishes criteria for evaluating demolition permits for buildings 50 years or older in
an effort to preserve structures with historical value. In addition, review and protection are afforded by CEQA
for those projects subject to discretionary action, particularly for historical structures and resources.
Nevertheless, impacts from the build-out of the General Plan could be significant. Therefore, mitigation is
...
..
-,
Page 5.4-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
recommended to ensure significant impacts to previously identified and unidentified historical resources are
avoided.
GP IMPACT 5.4-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE GENERAL PLAN COULD IMPACT SENSITIVE ARCHAEO-
LOGICAL RESOURCES, PALEONTOLOCAL RESOURCES, OR A UNIQUE
GEOLOGIC FEATURE. [THRESHOLDS C-2 AND C-3}
Impact Analysis: Archaeologists and ethnologists consider the City of San Bernardino, especially the areas
depicted in Figure 5.4-2 as being archeologically sensitive. Adoption of the General Plan in itself would not
directly affect any archeological or paleontological resources. However, long-term implementation of the
General Plan land use policy could allow development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive
areas. The General Plan contains goals and policies that specifically address sensitive archeological
resources and their protection if they are encountered during any development activity. In addition, review
and protection are afforded by CEQA for those projects subject to discretionary action, particularly for
archeological, paleontological, and unique geologic resources. Nevertheless, impacts from the build-out of
the General Plan could be significant. Therefore, mitigation is recommended to ensure significant impacts to
previously identified and unidentified archeological, paleontological, and unique geologic resources are
avoided.
GP IMPACT 5.4-3:
GRADING ACTIVITIES COULD POTENTIALLY DISTURB HUMAN REMAINS.
[THRESHOLD C-4}
Impact Analysis: Adoption of the General Plan in itself does not involve grading activities and would not
directly disturb any human remains. However, long-term implementation of the General Plan land use policy
could allow development and redevelopment, including grading, of sensitive areas thereby disturbing human
remains. Review and protection are afforded by CEQA for those projects subject to discretionary action,
particularly for activities that could potentially disturb human remains. Nevertheless, impacts from the build-
out of the General Plan could be significant. Therefore, mitigation is recommended to reduce the General
Plan update's potential impact to human remains to less than significant.
eB
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to cultural resources
include:
Policy 11.1.1: Develop a comprehensive historic preservation plan that includes:
· Adoption of a Preservation Ordinance that authorizes the City to designate resources deemed to be
of significance as a City Historical landmark or district.
· Establishment of a Historic Resources Commission that will review and recommend preservation
ordinances, design standards, and historical designations of resources.
· Adoption of the Secretary of Interior Standards for Historic Rehabilitation and the standards and
guidelines as prescribed by the State Office of Historic Preservation as design standards for
alterations to historic resources.
· Establishment of a design review process for potential development projects in or adjacent to
Historic Preservation Overlay Zones.
Policy 11.1.2: Maintain and update the Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey database files of
historic, architectural, and cultural resources conducted in 1991, and integrate it into the City's ordinance
and environmental review process.
General Plan Update and AJSociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-25
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 11.1.3: Consider, within the environmental review process, properties that may have become
historically significant since completion of the survey in 1991.
Policy 11.1.4: Compile and maintain an inventory, based on the survey, of the Planning Area's significant
historic, architectural, and cultural resources.
Policy 11.1.5: Continue to adopt historic district and overlay zone ordinances as described in the Historic
Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report. Consider the designation of Historic Districts and Historic
Overlay Zones as described in the Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report.
.;1'<
Policy 11.1.6: Consider the need for a comprehensive survey for Downtown as well as establishing priorities
for future intensive-level surveys.
..,.;
Policy 11.1.7: Require that all City-owned properties containing or adjacent to historic resources be
maintained in a manner that is aesthetically and/or functionally compatible with such resources.
-.
Policy 11.1.8: Continue to develop design standards for commercial areas, similar to those in the Main
Street Overlay District, which promotes the removal of tacked-on facades and inappropriate signage, the
restoration of original facades, and designs that complement the historic pattern.
.....
Policy 11.1.9 Require that an environmental review be conducted on all applications (e.g. grading,
building, and demolition) for resources designated or potentially designated as significant in orderto ensure
that these sites are preserved and protected. (LU-1)
"'~'.
Policy 11.2.1: Encourage owners of historic income-producing properties to use the tax benefits provided
by the 1981 Tax Revenue Act or as may be amended.
-
Policy 11.2.2: Encourage the use of the Historic Building Code in order to provide flexibility in building code
requirements for the rehabilitation of historic buildings.
....
Policy 11.2.3: Provide for the purchase of facade easements from private property owners; allow private
nonprofit preservation groups to purchase facade easements. A historic easement would include any
easement, restriction, covenant or condition running with the land designed to preserve or maintain the
significant features of such landmarks or buildings.
....
Policy 11.2.4: Adopt the Mills Act program to allow for a reduction in property taxes for historic properties.
-
Policy 11.3.1: Promote the formation and maintenance of neighborhood organizations and foster
neighborhood conservation programs, giving special attention to transitional areas.
-,
Policy 11.3.2: Develop brochures to accommodate pedestrian and vehicular tours of historic buildings,
landmarks, neighborhoods and other points of historical interest in the San Bernardino area.
Policy 11.3.3: Cooperate with local historic preservation organizations doing preservation work and serve
as liaison for such groups.
...
Policy 11.3.4: Encourage the involvement of San Bernardino City Unified School District, private schools,
adult education classes, California State University at San Bernardino, the San Bernardino County Museum,
San Bernardino Valley College in preservation programs and activities.
Policy 11.4.1: Encourage the preservation, maintenance, enhancement, and reuse of existing buildings in
redevelopment and commercial areas; the retention and renovation of existing residential buildings; and the
relocation of existing residential buildings when retention on-site is deemed not to be feasible.
-~
-
Page 5.4-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 11.4.2: Consider creating a program to relocate reusable older buildings from or into redevelopment
projects as a means of historic preservation.
Policy 11.4.3: Utilize the Redevelopment Agency as a vehicle for preservation activity. The Agency is
currently empowered to acquire, hold, restore, and resell buildings.
Policy 11.5.1: Complete an inventory of areas of archaeological sensitivity in the planning area.
Policy 11.5.2: Develop mitigation measures for projects located in archaeologically sensitive areas to
protect such locations, remove artifacts, and retain them for educational display.
Policy 11.5.3: Seek to educate the general public about San Bernardino's archaeological heritage through
written brochures, maps, and reference materials.
The City of San Bernardino Historic Depot District Concept Improvement Plan.
5.4.3.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study, included in
Volume II, Appendix A, disclosed potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in
parentheses after the impact statement.
AHS IMPACT 5.5-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD IMPACT
AN IDENTIFIED HISTORIC RESOURCE. [THRESHOLD C-1}
Impact Analysis: According to the Arrowhead Specific Plan, "... the hotel will be renovated to its original
splendor in keeping with its 1940-50s Art Deco/Dorothy Dreper [sic] style." The specific approach and the
standards to be utilized in connection with this renovation effort are not spelled out in the Arrowhead Specific
Plan. Further, unlike "rehabilitation" and "preservation," the term "renovation" has no generally understood
definition or meaning within the practice of historic preservation. Consequently, the language within the
Specific Plan is insufficient to conclude that the exterior and interior historic architectural features of the hotel
and Steam Caves would be preserved and missing and/or damaged features restored in an historically
appropriate manner, which may lead to a loss of design integrity for the building.
eB
The land use and circulation plans for the project call for the introduction of several new roads and bridges
on the Arrowhead Springs property. The development standards contained within the Specific Plan, although
not final in nature, suggest that existing roads, where utilized, would be widened and reconstructed in
accordance with standard engineered City of San Bernardino cross-sections, resulting in significant
alterations to the existing informal historical character of the roadways which currently lack curbs and in
some instances include stone and concrete gutter systems.
The Specific Plan specifies the construction of numerous additional facilities in connection with the
development of the hotel and a conference center. These plans call for" a new 115-room Annex [to] be
constructed nearby" and "In addition to the existing 10,000 square foot conference facility inside the existing
hotel, a new state-of-the-art 25,000 square foot Conference Center and associated meeting facilities will be
constructed." The location and design of these new facilities are not specified in the Master Plan, but it can
be assumed that they would be located in close proximity to the historic hotel building, and potentially, on a
site that may contain other historic architectural and landscape features, which may lead to a loss of design
and setting integrity for the hotel and design integrity for the property as a whole.
The proposed land use plan would result in the demolition of Bungalows 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, buildings
which contribute to the historical significance of the property. The demolition of an historic property cannot
be seen as conforming with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-27
5. Environmental Analysis
The proposed Specific Plan would also result in the introduction of land uses in close proximity to historic
features, which would substantially alter the existing historic and natural setting of the Arrowhead Springs
property.
The CEQA Guidelines require a project which will have potentially adverse impacts on historic resources to
conform to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, in order for the
impacts to be mitigated to below significant and adverse levels. As mentioned above, adhering to the
Standards is the only method described within CEQA for reducing project impacts on historic resources to
less than significant levels. However, CEQA also mandates the adoption of feasible mitigation measures
which will reduce adverse impacts, even if the residual impacts after mitigation remain significant. Means
other than the application of the Standards would necessarily be required to achieve this level of mitigation.
In determining what type of additional mitigation measures would reduce impacts to the greatest extent
feasible, best professional practice dictates considering the level of eligibility of the property, as well as by
what means it derives its significance.
..
-',,'
..
AHS IMPACT 5.4-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD IMPACT
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES, PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES, OR A
UNIQUE GEOLOGIC FEATURE. [THRESHOLDS C2 AND C-3}
-
Impact Analysis:
Under CEQA guidelines, 15064.5 (a)(3)(A-D), a resource is considered historically significant if it meets at
least one of four criteria related to its association with important events or individuals, its architectural
characteristics and/or its data potential.
..-
Eight of the resources recorded within the project area, CA-SBR-6869H, CA-SBR-6870H, CA-SBR-7021 H,
CA-SBR-7702H, CA-SBR-8248H, CA-SBR-1 0795H, P1 071-27, and P36-020267 had been previously evalu-
ated and were found to be not significant under the CEQA guidelines. A mano (a hand-held stone or roller for
grinding corn or other grains) was discovered during the SWCA field survey. Because it was determined to
be an isolated discovery and it was properly identified, no additional study will be required. Eleven of the
resources, listed in Table 5.4-3 below, retain the potential to yield information important in prehistory or
history (15064.5 (a)(3)(D).
JI!tlli
..",
Table 5.4-3
Potential "Historical Resource" Archaeological Sites
-
Site Description
CA-SBR-2268/H including the four loci Hotel CompleX/prehistoric village
. Gazebo
. Bathing Area
. Barbeque and Historic Trash
. Historic Trash/Foundation Remains
CA-SBR-6870H Concrete road bridge
CA-SBR-7019H Holding tanks, gutter
CA-SBR-7020H Retaining wall, steps, no foundation
CA-SBR-7022H Retaining walls, trash
CA-SBR-7049H Rim of the World highway
P1071-21 1890 Stone ditch tunnel
P36-017732 1850-1860 rock and concrete flume
-
...
."!
"~
,...
Page 5.4-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
~.
5. Environmental Analysis
Based upon descriptions of prior investigations, it appears that the integrity of some sites may have already
been impacted by recent flooding, wild fires and development activities, such as the Metropolitan Water
District's Inland Feeder Project. Development activities pursuant to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan,
such as grading and establishment of infrastructure, would result in substantial adverse change, as defined
by Section 15064.5(b) of the CEQA Guidelines.
Although previously unrecorded sites were identified during the fieldwork conducted by SWCA, the investi-
gators noted the presence of other physical constraints such as natural or man made obstacles that either
hindered or prevented unobscured views of portions of the Arrowhead Springs study area resulting in areas
that could not be adequately surveyed. The density of archaeological sites currently recorded in Arrowhead
Springs suggests a strong likelihood that additional sites may exist in the unsurveyed sections. As a portion
of Arrowhead Springs, however, would be dedicated for open space purposes, some of these potential sites
may be located in future open space and would not be subject to site disturbance activities. Nevertheless,
those portions of the Arrowhead Springs area that are proposed for development may contain additional
prehistoric sites which have not been recorded or identified and which may be impacted by site disturbance
activities. If any of these sites are determined to be unique archaeological sites or historical resources, the
project would have a significant effect on those resources.
None of the prior surveys, investigations, and studies conducted in the project area have resulted in the
discovery of paleontological resources. Although no fossil localities currently exist within the project
boundaries, published and unpublished reports of scientifically significant fossil vertebrates from Pleistocene
Older Alluvium do exist around Southern California. Numerous fossil localities in San Bernardino County and
the Inland Empire have been recorded for Pleistocene Older Alluvium that yielded fossils of extinct Ice-Age
mammals, including mammoths, mastodons, ground sloth, dire wolves, short-faced bears, saber-toothed
cats, large and small horses, large and small camels, and bison. Fossil plant remains have also been
recovered from these sediments.
eB
Site grading and deeper excavations, especially disturbance activities associated with the new 115-room
hotel annex and conference center may result in the discovery of paleontological resources. This would be a
potentially significant effect. In order to ensure that the project will not have a significant effect as a result of
the inadvertent disturbance of paleontological resources, a mitigation measure has been identified below.
Should paleontologic resources be encountered, the mitigation measure requires an investigation to
determine the nature and extent of paleontological resources and identify appropriate mitigation measures.
Compliance with this measure will reduce this impact to less than significant.
AHS IMPACT 5.4.3:
GRADING ACTIVITIES COULD POTENTIALLY DISTURB HUMAN REMAINS IN
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA. [THRESHOLD C-4]
Impact Analysis: None of the prior surveys, investigations, and studies conducted in the project area has
resulted in the discovery of prehistoric or historic human remains. However, the site does contain the
remains of David Nobel Smith at a marked memorial and the area was also known to be used by Native
American tribes, increasing the likelihood that undiscovered human remains may exist. Site grading and
disturbance activities may result in the discovery of human remains, which would result is a significant
impact. Mitigation measures have been incorporated regarding the monitoring of grading activities and the
handling of human remains. Compliance with the mitigation measures will reduce the impact to human
remains to less than significant.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-29
5. Environmental Analysis
5.4.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
· City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 15 Buildings and Construction, Chapter 15.37 Historic
Building Demolition Ordinance
· City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 19 Land Use and Subdivision, Chapter 19 Main Street
Overlay District
...~.
JI!M'I'
· By ordinance, the waiver of fees charged for permits issued for repairs, alterations or additions
related to the preservation or rehabilitation of a qualified historical property
....
· State Bulletin 18, Traditional Tribal Cultural Places, signed into law in late 2004, places new
requirements within CEQA for developments within or near Traditional Tribal Cultural Places. This Bill
requires establishment of a Native American Traditional Tribal Cultural Site Register (TTCS Register),
which would list all Native American sites deemed to be sacred to local tribes by the Native
American Heritage Commission (NAHC). Under SB 18, a new process that would require the lead
agency on a project covered by CEQA to ask the NAHC whether the proposed project is within a 5-
mile radius of a TICS. The NAHC would have 45 days to inform the lead agency if the proposed
project is determined to be in proximity to a TICS and another 75 days to determine whether the
project would have an adverse impact on the TICS. If the NAHC, the tribe, and interested parties
agree upon the mitigation measures necessary for the proposed project, it would be included in the
project's Environmental Impact Report (EIR). If there is no agreement, either the NAHC may
determine lesser mitigations that would be acceptable for inclusion in the EIR or they may ask the
Attorney General to take appropriate legal action against the project proponents.
-'
.."
.....
SB 18 also institutes a new process which would require a city or county to consult with the NAHC
and any appropriate Native American tribe for the purpose of preserving relevant TICSs prior to the
adoption, revision, amendment, or update of a city's or county's general plan. In addition SB 18
gives a new definition of TICS requiring a traditional association of the site with Native American
traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies or the site must be shown to actually have been
used for activities related to traditional beliefs, cultural practices, or ceremonies. Previously, the site
was defined to require only an association with traditional beliefs, practices, lifeways, and
ceremonial activities.
1M"
...
· H.R 5237, the Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act, enacted July 10,1990, states
that any Native American human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of
inalienable communal property that are found on Federal or tribal lands after the date of enactment
would be considered owned or controlled by (in this order) lineal descendants, the tribe on whose
land it was found, the tribe having the closest cultural affiliation with the item, or the tribe which
aboriginally occupied the area.
...
IIIIIIt'f
· The Cahuilla Inter-Tribal Repatriation Committee (CITRC) is a collaborative effort of Cahuilla tribes in
southern California for the purpose of repatriation of objects meeting the criteria of the federal Native
American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. The CITRC provides information to
museums and institutions about the Committee's operations and procedures and assists other tribes
considering the formation of a repatriation project or collaborative committee.
"'"
-
.....
....
Page 5.4-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.4.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.4.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
GP 'mpact 5.4-1:
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan could result in the loss of potentially
historic structures. (Threshold C 1)
GP Impact 5.4-2:
Build-out of the General Plan could impact sensitive archaeological resources or
paleontological resources or a unique geologic feature. (Thresholds C-2 and C-3)
GP Impact 5.4-3:
Grading activities could potentially disturb human remains.
5.4.5.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
AHS Impact 5.4-1
Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would impact an identified historic
resource (Threshold C-1)
AHS Impact 5.4-2
Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would impact archaeological,
paleontological resources or a unique geologic feature. (Thresholds C-2 and C3)
AHS Impact 5.4-3
Grading activities could potentially disturb human remains in the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan Area. (Threshold C-4)
eB
5.4.6 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
5.4.7 Mitigation Measures
5.4.7.1 San Bernardino General Plan
GP 5.4-1 In areas of documented or inferred historic resource presence, City staff shall
require applicants for development permits to provide studies to document the
presence/absence of historical resources. On properties where historic structures
or resources are identified, such studies shall provide a detailed mitigation plan,
including a monitoring program and recovery and/or in situ preservation plan,
based on the recommendations of a qualified historical preservation expert.
GP 5.4-2 In areas of documented or inferred archeological and/or paleontological resource
presence, City staff shall require applicants for development permits to provide
studies to document the presence/absence of such resources. On properties where
resources are identified, such studies shall provide a detailed mitigation plan,
including a monitoring program and recovery and/or in situ preservation plan,
based on the recommendations of a qualified cultural preservation expert.
GP 5.4-3 In the event of the accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains in any
location other than a dedicated cemetery, the following steps shall be taken:
There shall be no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area
reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent human remains until the San Bernardino
County Coroner is contacted to determine if the remains are prehistoric and that no
investigation of the cause of death is required. If the coroner determines the
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-31
5. Environmental Analysis
remains to be Native American, then the coroner shall contact the Native American
Heritage Commission with in 24 hours, and the Native American Heritage
Commission shall identify the person or persons it believes to be the most likely
descendent from the deceased Native American. The most likely descendant may
make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the
excavation work, for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the
human remains and any associated grave goods as provided in Public Resources
Code Section 5097.98; or
Where the following conditions occur, the landowner or his authorized repre-
sentative shall rebury the Native American human remains and associated grave
goods with appropriate dignity either in accordance with the recommendation of
the most likely descendant or on the property in a location not subject to further
subsurface disturbances:
..
...
. The Native American Heritage Commission is unable to identify a most like-
ly descendant or the likely descendant failed to make a recommendation
within 24 hours after being notified by the commission; or
...
. The descendant identified fails to make a recommendation; or
. The landowner or his authorized representative rejects the recommenda-
tion of the descendant, and the mediation by the Native American Heritage
Commission fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner.
...
5.4.7.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.4-1 A
Prior to issuance of any building, grading or demolition permit for the modification
or destruction of any historic structure, the project applicant shall submit to the
Director of Development Services written recommendations prepared by a qualified
architectural historian of the measures that shall be implemented to protect each
historic site eligible for listing on the NRHP and CRHP. The list includes but is not
limited to the following as shown in Table 5.4-1 and illustrated in Figure 5.4-3.
.,~
...
Hotel/Steam Caves Bungalow 10
Pool, Cabanas, Tennis Courts Mud Baths
Bungalow 1 Smith Memorial
Bungalow 3 Indian Statue
Bungalow 4 Reservoir
Bungalow 5 Springs
Bungalow 6 Fountains
Bungalow 7 Terrace and Tennis Courts
Bungalow 8 Landscape Elements
Bungalow 9 Miscellaneous Features
-
""
-
Modification. Appropriate mitigation measures for "historical resources" could
include preservation of the site through avoidance or capping, incorporation of the
site in greens pace, parks, or open space, data recovery excavations of the finds, or
a rehabilitation plan in compliance with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for the
Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating,
Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings (1995) prepared by a qualified
historic preservation professional that would be based to the greatest extent
...
~
I"l<"
Page 5.4-32 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
feasible on historical data. A particular focus of the rehabilitation plan should be the
hotel building, including landscaping, interiors, exteriors and furnishings.
Demolition. To the extent eligible sites are not preserved in place, prior to the
issuance of a demolition permit for the demolition of any Historic Structure eligible
for listing on the NRHP and CRHP, including Bungalows 3,7,8,9,10 and 11, the
historian shall conduct a data recovery program which includes:
Comprehensive Survey. A comprehensive inventory of historic features on the
property, including but not limited to buildings, structures, objects, water features,
wall, and landscape materials shall be conducted. To the greatest extent feasible,
the preservation and rehabilitation of historic features on the property shall be
incorporated into the development plan.
Interpretative Plan. The applicant shall be required to produce an historical inter-
pretation plan for the property. This plan shall include a permanent, on-site display
within a public area which will provide historic information about the founding and
history of Arrowhead Springs. Historic and/or contemporary photographs and other
artifacts and materials should be included within the display. Other indoor or
outdoor interpretive displays shall be produced, as appropriate. The precise
content, format, and location and design shall be determined by a qualified historic
preservation professional, and subject to the approval by the City of San
Bernardino.
Documentation. A Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) outline format
narrative description of the property, contemporary and historic photographs, and
other relevant documentation shall be prepared by a historic consultant approved
by the City. Priorto the issuance of a demolition permit for the subject property, the
report shall be submitted for approval to the Director of Community Development
and the Director of Community Services, and an approved original shall be
deposited in the City of San Bernardino Branches of the San Bernardino County
Public Library (or other suitable repository as determined by the Directors of
Community Development and Community Services).
eB
AHS 5.4-1 B
The EIR concludes that there are or may be significant historical structures/
resources not currently ascertainable within areas where ground disturbing activity
is proposed by the project. Therefore, prior to issuance of the first preliminary or
precise grading permit for development in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area, the landowner or subsequent project applicant shall provide evidence that an
qualified historic preservation professional has been retained by the landowner or
subsequent project applicant, and has conducted a site survey of the development
area at such time as all ground surfaces are visible after current uses are removed.
If any sites are discovered, the historian shall conduct surveys and/or test level
investigations. Testing and evaluation may consist of surface collection and
mapping, limited subsurface excavations, and the appropriate analyses and
research necessary to characterize the artifacts and deposit from which they
originated. Upon completion of the test level investigations, for sites are determined
to be unique a "historical resource" as set forth in CEQA Guidelines Section
15064.5, the following measures shall be undertaken: the historian shall submit its
recommendations to the landowner or subsequent project applicant and the
Director of Community Development on the measures that shall be implemented to
protect the site. Appropriate measures could include preservation in place through
General Plan Update and ASJociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-33
5. Environmental Analysis
planning construction to avoid the historical resource, incorporation into
greenspace, parks, or open space, data recovery excavations of the finds or
compliance with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic
Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and
Reconstructing Historic buildings (1995).
· Preparation of a research design for those sites determined to the
"historical resources" that cannot be avoided that describes the
recommended field investigations, and makes provisions for adequately
recovering the scientifically consequential information from and about the
"historical resource."
""
· Conducting site excavations in accordance with the research design with
an emphasis on obtaining an adequate sample for analysis within the limits
of the research questions being addressed. Special studies such as pollen
analyses, soil analyses, radiocarbon dating, and obsidian hydration dating
should be conducted as appropriate.
· Monitoring of all field excavations by a Native American representative.
· Preparation of a final report of the Phase 3 data recovery work and
submittal of the research design and final report to the South Central
Coastal Information Center (SCCIC), and other agencies, as appropriate.
· Any archaeological artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be
donated to a qualified scientific institution approved by the Director of
Community Development where they would be afforded long-term
preservation to allow future scientific study.
fI!t..
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AHS 5.4-2A
Prior to issuance of the first preliminary or precise grading permit, and for any
subsequent permit involving excavation to increased depth, the landowner or
subsequent project applicant shall provide evidence that an archaeologist and/or
paleontologist have been retained by the landowner or subsequent project
applicant, and that the consultant(s) will be present during all grading and other
significant ground disturbing activities. These consultants shall be selected from the
roll of qualified archaeologist and paleontologists maintained by the County of San
Bernardino. Should any archeological/paleontological resources be discovered, the
monitor is authorized to stop all grading in the immediate area of the discovery, and
shall make recommendations to the Director of Development Services on the
measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including
but not limited to excavation of the finds and evaluation of the finds in accordance
with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines. If the resources are determined to be
"historic resources" at that term is defined under Section 15064.5 of the CEQA
Guidelines, mitigation measures shall be identified by the monitor and recom-
mended to the Director of Development Services. Appropriate mitigation measures
for significant resources could include avoidance or capping, incorporation of the
site in greenspace, parks or open space, or data recovery excavations of the finds.
No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Director
approves the measures to protect these resources. Any paleontological or
archaeological artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be donated to a
qualified scientific institution approved by the Director of Community Development
where they would be afforded long-term preservation to allow future scientific study.
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Page 5.4-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS 5.4-2B
Prior to the issuance of any grading permit, the following note shall be placed on
the cover sheet, and discussed at the pre-grade meeting:
a) The paleontologist retained for the project shall immediately evaluate the
fossils which have been discovered to determine if the are significant and,
if so, to develop a plan to collect and study them for the purpose of
mitigation.
b) The paleontologic monitor must be empowered to temporarily halt of
redirect excavation equipment of fossils are found to allow evaluation and
removal of them if necessary, the monitor should be equipped to speedily
collect specimens if the are encountered.
c) The monitor, with assistance if necessary, shall collect individual fossils
and/or samples of fossil bearing sediments. If specimens of small animal
species are encountered, the most time and cost efficient method of
recovery is to remove a selected volume of fossil bearing earth from the
grading area and screen wish it off-site.
d) Fossils recovered during the earthmoving or as a result of screen-washing
of sediment samples shall be cleaned and prepared sufficiently to allow
identification. This allows the fossils to be described in a report of findings
and reduces the volume of matrix around specimens prior to storage, thus
reducing storage costs.
e) A report of findings shall be prepared and submitted to the public agency
responsible for overseeing developments and mitigation of environmental
impacts upon completion of mitigation. This report would minimally include
a statement of the type of paleontological resources found, the methods
and procedures used to recover them, an inventory of the specimens
recovered, and a statement of their scientific significance.
eB
AHS 5.4-2C
The EIR concludes that there are or may be significant archaeological resources
within areas where ground disturbing activity is proposed by the project. Therefore,
prior to the first preliminary or precise grading permit for development in the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, each prehistoric and historic archeo-
logical site (listed below and described in Table 5.4-3) located within the project
grading footprint must be tested and evaluated, following clearing and scraping
activities.
· CA-SBR-2268/H, including the four loci
. CA-SBR-6870H
. CA-SBR-7019H
. CA-SBR-7020H
. CA-SBR-7022H
. CA-SBR-7049H
. P1071-21
. P36-017732
Testing and evaluation may consist of surface collection and mapping, limited
subsurface excavations, and the appropriate analyses and research necessary to
characterize the artifacts and deposit from which they originated. Upon completion
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.4-35
5. Environmental Analysis
of the test level investigations, for sites are determined to be unique archaeological
sites or historical resources as set forth in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5, the
following measures shall be undertaken: the archaeologist shall submit its recom-
mendations to, the landowner or subsequent project applicant and the Director of
Community Development on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the
sites. Appropriate measures for unique archaeological resources or historical
resources could include preservation in place through planning construction to
avoid archaeological sites; incorporation of sites within parks, greenspace, or other
open space; covering the archaeological sites with a layer of chemically stable soil
before building tennis courts, parking lots, or similar facilities on the site or deeding
the site into a permanent conservation easement. When data recovery through
excavation is the only feasible mitigation, a data recovery plan, which makes
provision for adequately recovering the scientifically consequential information from
and about the historical resource, shall be prepared and adopted prior to any
excavation being undertaken. Such studies shall be deposited with the California
Historical Resources Regional Information Center. Archaeological sites known to
contain human remains shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of
Section 7050.5 Health and Safety Code.
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~~
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· Preparation of a research design for those sites determined to the "histori-
cal resources" that cannot be avoided that describes the recommended
field investigations, and makes provisions for adequately recovering the
scientifically consequential information from and about the "historical
resource. "
f!JIl'1t
...
· Conducting site excavations in accordance with the research design with
an emphasis on obtaining an adequate sample for analysis within the limits
of the research questions being addressed. Special studies such as pollen
analyses, soil analyses, radiocarbon dating, and obsidian hydration dating
should be conducted as appropriate.
...
· Monitoring of all field excavations by a Native American representative.
-
· Preparation of a final report of the Phase 3 data recovery work and sub-
mittal of the research design and final report to the South Central Coastal
Information Center (SCCIC), and other agencies, as appropriate.
"'"
· Any archaeological artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be
donated to a qualified scientific institution approved by the Director of
Community Development where they would be afforded long-term
preservation to allow future scientific study.
-
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AHS 5.4-3A
In the event of the accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains in any
location other than a dedicated cemetery, the following steps shall be taken:
There shall be no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area
reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent human remains until the San Bernardino
County Coroner is contacted to determine if the remains are prehistoric and that no
investigation of the cause of death is required. If the coroner determines the
remains to be Native American, then the coroner shall contact the Native American
Heritage Commission within 24 hours, and the Native American Heritage
Commission shall identify the person or persons it believes to be the most likely
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Page 5.4-36 . The Planning Center
July 2005
.';~
5. Environmental Analysis
descendent from the deceased Native American. The most likely descendant may
make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the
excavation work, for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the
human remains and any associated grave goods as provided in Public Resources
Code Section 5097.98; or
Where the following conditions occur, the landowner or his authorized repre-
sentative shall rebury the Native American human remains and associated grave
goods with appropriate dignity either in accordance with the recommendation of
the most likely descendant or on the property in a location not subject to further
subsurface disturbances:
· The Native American Heritage Commission is unable to identify a most
likely descendant or the likely descendant failed to make a recommenda-
tion within 24 hours after being notified by the commission; or
. The descendant identified fails to make a recommendation; or
. The landowner or his authorized representative rejects the recommenda-
tion of the descendant, and the mediation by the Native American Heritage
Commission fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner.
AHS 5.4-3B
Upon receipt of an application for a project subject to CEQA and within the City's
jurisdiction, the City of San Bernardino's representative shall consult with the
relevant Tribe(s)' tribal representative(s), as determined by the Native American
Heritage Commission, to determine if the proposed project is within a culturally
sensitive area to the tribe. If sufficient evidence is provided to reasonably ascertain
that the site is within a [tribal] culturally sensitive area, then a cultural resources
assessment prepared by a City-certified archaeologist shall be required. The
findings of the cultural resources assessment shall be incorporated into the CEQA
documentation. A copy ofthe report shall be forwarded to the Tribe(s). If mitigation
is recommended in the CEOA document, the procedure described in MM 5.4-3C
shall be followed.
eB
AHS 5.4-3C
Prior to the issuance of grading permits for which the CEOA document defines
cultural resource mitigation for potential tribal cultural resources, the project
applicant shall contact the designated Tribe(s)' tribal representative to notify them
of the grading, excavation, and monitoring program. The applicant shall coordinate
with the City of San Bernardino and the tribal representative(s) to negotiate an
Agreement that addresses the designation, responsibilities, and participation of
tribal monitors during grading, excavation, and ground-disturbing activities;
scheduling; terms of compensation; and treatment and final disposition of any
cultural resources, sacred sites, and human remains discovered on the site. The
City of San Bernardino shall be the final arbiter of the conditions included in the
Agreement.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.4-37
5. Environmental Analysis
.."
5.4.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
5.4.8.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with cultural resources
to a level that is less than significant. Therefore no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to
cultural resources have been identified,
l!!"'\
5.4.8.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Although the mitigation measures listed above would reduce cultural resource impacts for AHS Impact 5.4-2
and AHS Impact 5.4-3 to a level that is less than significant, the following impact would remain significant
and unavoidable:
~-
AHS Impact 5.4-1:
In accordance with CEQA Guidelines demolition of a significant historic resource is
determined to be an unavoidable adverse impact.
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Page 5.4-38 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.5 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The analysis in this section is based in part on the following technical report(s):
. City of San Bernardino General Plan Update Technical Background Report, Chapter 5, Hazards,
Envicom Corporation, February 1988.
. Feasibility Study, Report of Preliminary Geotechnical Evaluation Proposed Mixed-Use Development,
Arrowhead Springs, Soils Southwest, Inc., February 14, 2005 (see Volume III, Appendix D).
5.5.1 Environmental Setting
5.5.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Geologic Setting
General Discussion
The City of San Bernardino lies within the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo Basin, which is bound by the active San
Andreas Fault zone on the northeast and the active San Jacinto Fault zone on the southwest. The San
Andreas Fault zone impedes movement of groundwater, producing springs and a groundwater level change
that marks the fault trace along the northern boundary of the subbasin. The San Jacinto fault forms a strong
barrier to groundwater that raises the water table nearly to the surface below the course of the Santa Ana
River'. The Bunker Hill- San Timoteo Basin includes the cities of Rialto, Colton, Loma Linda, Redlands, and
San Bernardino.
eB
The City of San Bernardino lies on a broad, gently sloping lowland that flanks the southwest margin of the
San Bernardino Mountains. The lowland is underlain by alluvial sediments eroded from bedrock in the
adjacent mountains and washed by rivers and creeks into the valley region where they have accumulated in
layers of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Sediment accumulation has continued for a few million years, during
which time increasing thicknesses of sediments have gradually buried the original hill and valley topography
of the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo Basin. Shandin Hills and other smaller hills areas in the basin are remnants of
the original topography.
The San Bernardino Mountains, Shandin Hills, and other hilly areas are comprised predominantly of
Mesozoic and older crystalline basement terrain. Younger sedimentary deposits consist of late Pleistocene
alluvium outcroppings on the older alluvial fans northeast of the City, and underlying the younger Holocene
alluvium of the San Bernardino Valley. These younger sediments accumulated in two different depositional
environments. Alluvial fans that extend downslope from the mouths ofthe San Bernardino Mountain canyons
consist of coarser-grained and more poorly-sorted boulders, cobbles, gravels, sands, silts and clays that
decrease in size and abundance to the southwest. Floodplain deposits from the Santa Ana River and Cajon
and Lytle Creeks in the vicinity of metropolitan San Bernardino are comprised predominantly of sand, sandy
silt, and silt. The alluvial fan and floodplain deposits are interlain and form a highly variable and often times
laterally discontinuous layering of various sizes of alluvial materials.
, Department of Water Resources. Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin, Bunker Hill Subbasin. California Groundwater
Bulletin 118. Updated February 7, 2004.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-1
".-
5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
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D Geothermal Resource Area
Source: "Rnounc Investisatton of Low and Moderate
Tcmperarun Geothermal Areas in San Bcnu.rdino, California, ~
August 1981, California Division of Mines and Geology Open
File Repon 82-11 SAC.
W City of San Bernardino Municipal Water
Department Geothermal Well
N Distribution Line
...... ... Proposed Distribution Line
. ..
D City Boundary
[~~~~~j Sphere ofInfluence Boundary
Geothermal Resources
J ~" r)Y
L n,.....,..~ d I"r'r J\
~t'~ ~.J~ c, ":, ~y
~, / r... ,-lit L ~i"
~.....; \- ...,
. I I 'J / l!l
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
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5.
Environmental Analysis
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 5.5-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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Geothermal Resources
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_, ____h___:__:-hu---:
,
,
,
---------
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Ha lem Hot Springs
South San Bernardino
Geothermal Resource Area
SoU1'CC': "Resoun.:e Investigation of Low and Moderate
Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino, California,"
August 1981, California Division ofMine:s and Geology Open
File Rtpon 82-11 SAC.
m City of San Bernardino Municipal Water
Department Geothermal Well
N Distribution Line
...... ... Proposed Distriburion Line
. ..
D Ciry Boundary
[~~~~~j Sphere ofInfluence Boundary
NOT TO SCALE
~
Source: Envicom Corporation
San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJSOciated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.5-1
5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Geothermal Activity
Geothermal activity is known to occur in the southern portion of the City of San Bernardino and the
Arrowhead Springs area and is shown in Figure 5.5-1, Geothermal Resources. Geothermal springs in the City
of San Bernardino come from a depth of 15,000 feet due to fractures of the San Andreas Fault Zone.
These deep subterranean faults and cracks allow rainwater and snowmelt to seep underground where the
water is heated by the inner earth and circulates back up to the surface, to appear as hot springs or thermal
vents. Geothermal activity is a unique geologic resource inextricably connected to the hydrology and tec-
tonic activity within the basin. Geothermal resources beneath the City are connected to the Bunker Hill-San
Timoteo Basin (aquifer). While hot water created from geothermal activity from the San Andreas Fault Zone is
contained in separate perched aquifers above the fresh water aquifer, these two hydrologic resources can
affect one another2.
According to the San Bernardino Municipal Water Department, there are approximately 90-100 geothermal
wells and springs currently in operation, which are concentrated in the Commerce Center, Central City, Tri-
City areas, and former Norton Air Force Base. Currently, the San Bernardino Municipal Water Department
maintains two wells in the southern portion of the city for geothermal energy sources. For a geothermal
resource, the most important features are the maximum temperature, aerial extent, depth, volume, and water
quality for it to be used as a potential energy resource. The geothermal springs in the City of San Bernardino
are among the hottest in the United States, with hottest historic temperatures in the City ranging from 700C
(1580F) in the southern portions of the City to 1400C (2840F) in the Arrowhead Springs area in the San
Bernardino Mountains. One of the hottest wells in the planning area was located in the southwestern portion
ofthe City in the old "Urbita Springs"; however, the majority of the wells in the San Bernardino planning area
exhibit well temperatures between 1200F and 140oF. 3
eB
The following describes the known areas containing historic springs within the City of San Bernardino (the
Arrowhead Hot Springs are described in Section 5.5.1.2, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, below):
South San Bernardino
The Urbita Springs were originally developed as a mineral bath and amusement park in the late 1860, and
water was piped at 1 ,000 feet. In 1966, the first contracts for the Inland Shopping Center were let in and the
Urbita Hot Springs were destroyed. The site is currently under parking lots and department stores of the
Inland Center Mall. Prior to construction, the site was excavated and removed to a depth of 12 feet and
backfilled. Today, there is a large subterranean drain that passes under part of the shopping center and
surfaces just east of the Interstate 215 freeway. A trickle of water in this drain is the last vestige of the Urbita
Hot Springs.
The De Sienna Hot Springs were located 0.6 mile southwest of the Urbita Hot Springs on the southeast flank
of a small knoll, sometimes referred to as Bunker Hill. Historical data indicate that a 547-foot-deep well was
drilled in 1926 and had a temperature of 3rC (990F).
Harlem and Rabel Hot Springs
The Harlem Hot Springs are located just north of the intersection of Baseline Road and Victoria Avenue.
Natural hot springs originally flowed into Warm Creek. Historical data indicate that in 1989 the first well was
drilled to 300 feet and produced water of 460C (1150F). These hot springs were then developed as a recrea-
2 California Department of Mines and Geology. Resource Investigation of low- and Moderate- Temperature Geothermal Areas in
San Bernardino California. DMG Open File Report 82-11. 1981.
3 City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department. Geothermal Energy, Heat from the Earth Power for the Future. Obtained in
February 2005 from hltp://www.sbcitywater.org/
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-5
5. Environmental Analysis
tion park and picnic area and provided mineral water and mud baths. Use of this hot spring eventually
deteriorated and now lowering geothermal water table and water temperatures at the Harlem Hot Springs
threaten loss of this resource.
The Rabel Hot Springs were located approximately 0.25 mile west of the Harlem Hot Springs. Development
of the Rabel Hot Springs probably very closely paralleled that of Harlem Hot Springs. Rabel Hot Springs was
operated as a spa in the late 1800s and offered mineral mud baths, but was closed as a spa in 1912. Soon
afterwards this site was operated as a hog ranch until the Baseline Laundry was opened in 1916. The
operating well on the property is used heavily by the laundry and temperature at the well was measured as
280C (82.40F) on April 22, 1981. Historical newspapers from 1966 detail that water levels at the Harlem Hot
Springs and the Rabel Hot Springs have dropped 160 to 170 feet and water once hot, is now lukewarm. Both
Rabel Hot Springs and Harlem Hot Springs were originally naturally flowing springs which comprised the
principle source of the flow in Warm Creek. The apparent historical decrease in this geothermal area may
suggest that the available geothermal resource there has a finite volume.
..'
Geologic Hazards
Slope Failure (Landslides)
General slope stability is determined by a number of factors including slope, vegetative cover, wildfire,
bedrock, soil, precipitation, and human alteration. Slopes may be in temporary equilibrium until one of the
above factors is modified by natural or human activity resulting in an unstable condition and potential failure.
Figure 5.5-2, Soil-Slip Susceptibility, depicts areas in the City of San Bernardino which are potentially
susceptible to slope failure. According to the Preliminary Soil-Slip Susceptibility Map for the southern half of
San Bernardino, portions of the City of San Bernardino are located within areas designated as either having
low, moderate, or high soil-slip susceptibility. 4 Potential slope failures in the following potentially hazardous
zones could affect buildings, reservoirs, roads and utilities.
,",'
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· Areas of low relief with low to moderate susceptibility which may contain small scale surficial soil
slips, debris flow and mudflows on steep localized slopes.
..
· Areas of moderate and high relief with low to moderate susceptibility which may contain small to
large rotational slides, debris slides and combinations of surficial slides and flows. These areas
contain individual landslides that have been included on the r~gional slope stability and landslides
map
..
Compressible Soils
Poorly consolidated or highly compressible soils are expected to have low bearing capacities and therefore
liable to differential settlement. With highly compressible soils, water drains faster than cohesive soils and the
load is transferred immediately, this process is called compression, or settlement. The amount of settlement
is dependent on the applied load, the moisture content and structure of the soil. Compression of the soils
brought about by an increase in stress from construction, foundation or other results in a deformation and
relocation of soil particles, and expulsion of water or air from void spaces. Examples of highly compressible
materials are areas of fill such as dumping grounds and peat deposits at surface or at depth. In addition,
younger soils, which include textured silty and sandy soils, contain less well compacted sediments and are
therefore more susceptible to settlement (e.g., younger Holocene deposits include alluvial materials 500 to
1,000 years old).
..
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4 Morton, D.M, Alvarez, R.M & Campbell, RH Soil-Slip Susceptibility Map for the South Half of the San Bernardino 30' x 60'
Quadrangle. Southern California. Preliminary Soil-Slip Susceptibility Maps, Southwestern California 2003
Page 5.5-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Ground Subsidence
In California, subsidence related to man's activities has been attributed to withdrawal of subsurface fluids
such as oil and groundwater, oxidation of organic materials such as peat and coal, and by hydrocon-
solidation (from excessive irrigation) of loose, dry soils in a semi-arid climate. Subsidence can affect
structures sensitive to slight changes in elevation or slope such as highways, canals, pipelines, sewers and
railroads. Subsidence commonly occurs in such slight magnitude and over large areas that it is not per-
ceptible to an observer without detailed regional surveying studies. Smaller buildings within a uniform
subsidence area may not sustain damage unless differential subsidence should occur. Differential
subsidence may adversely affect the integrity of structures built within these areas.
Historically, up to one foot of subsidence may have occurred within the City of San Bernardino. The historic
area of subsidence was within the thick poorly consolidated alluvial and marsh deposits of the old artesian
area north of Loma Linda. Potential subsidence in this area could potentially be as great as five to eightfeet if
ground water is depleted from the Bunker HiII- San Timoteo Basin. In the San Bernardino area, the potential
for subsidence has been significantly reduced since 1972, when the San Bernardino Municipal Water District
began to maintain groundwater levels from recharge to percolation basins, which in turn filter back into the
alluvial deposits.
Figure 5.5-3, Potential Subsidence Areas, depicts areas in the City of San Bernardino which may be
susceptible to subsidence.
Erosion
Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all land. The agents of soil erosion are water and wind. Soil
erosion may be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed, or it may occur at an alarming rate
causing serious loss of topsoil. The rate and magnitude of soil erosion by water is controlled by the following
factors: rainfall intensity and runoff; soil erodibility; slope gradient and length; and vegetation cover.
eB
Soil erodibility is an estimate of the ability of soils to resist erosion, based on the physical characteristics of
each soil. Some soil types are more susceptible to wind and rain erosion than others. Twenty-two soil series
were identified in the City of San Bernardino and are listed in Table 5.5-1.
The Delhi fine sand and Tujunga loamy sand are both susceptible to wind erosion if left exposed without
adequate vegetative cover. Delhi fine sand and Tujunga loamy sand are found on old alluvial fan or
floodplain areas on slopes from 0 to 15 percent. The fine sandy texture is especially prone to erosion during
periods of high winds that frequent the region.
The Cienaba sandy loam, Friant rock outcrop, Greenfield sandy loam, and Saugus sandy loam are all
susceptible to water erosion. The Cienaba sandy loam, Friant rock outcrop, Greenfield sandy loam, and
Saugus sandy loam are found on variable slopes from 2 to 50 percent depending on particular soil type.
These soils commonly occur on alluvial fans, hills, and at the base of the San Bernardino Mountain front.
Rapid precipitation runoff, sandy soil texture and denudation of vegetative cover can lead to potential water
erosion of these soils. Hillside grading without proper erosion control plans, and off-road vehicle use in areas
of erosion-prone soils can increase the hazard.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-9
5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Potential Subsidence Areas
"
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Note: Degree of subsidence dependent on
groundwater levels. Historic subsidence may
have occurred in above atea.
(After Fife and others, 1976)
D Areas of Potential Ground Subsidence
D City Boundary
l-_-_~-_-_-j Sphere of Influence Boundary
NOT TO SCALE
~
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.5-3
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-12 . The Planning Center
JlIly 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Soil (Symbol) Texlure Potenlial Umitations
Cieneba (CnD) Sandy Loam High erosion
Cieneba (Cr) Rock Outcrop Slope
Delhi (Db) Fine Sand High blowing soil
Friant (Fr Rock Outcrop High erosion
GrangelVille (Gr) Fine Sandy Loam None
GrangelVille (Gs) Fine Sandy Loam None
Greenfield (GtC) Sandy Loam None
Greenfield (GrD) Sandy Loam High erosion
Hanford (HaC) Coarse Sandy Loam None
Hanford (HaD) Coarse Sandy Loam High erosion
Hanford (HbAl Sandy Loam None
Psamments/Fluvents (Ps) - Flooding
Ramona (RmC) Sandy Loam None
Ramona (RmD) Sandy Loam High erosion
Ramona (RmE2) Sandy Loam High erosion
Saugus (ShF) Sandy Loam High erosion
Soboba (SoC) Gravelly Loamy Sand None
Soboba (SpC) Stony Loamy Sand None
Tujunga TuB) Gravelly Loamy Sand None
Tujunga (lvC) Gravelly Loamy Sand High blowing soil
Vista Nr Rock Outcrop Slope
Wasteland (w) Variable Slope
Table 5.5-1
Soil Characteristics within the City of San Bernardino
eB
Source: City of San Bernardino General Plan Update Technical Background Report, Chapter 5. Hazards, Envicom
Corporation. February 1988.
Seismic Hazards
Earthquake Faults Including Information on Historic Earthquakes
The UBC Seismic Zone Map divides the United States into zones of potential earthquake damage. The four
UBC Seismic Zones are Zone 0 (no damage), Zone 1 (minor damage), Zone 2 (moderate damage), and
Zone 3 (major damage), and Zone 4 (major damage caused by near-by fault movements) was added. The
City of San Bernardino is located is Seismic Zone 4. The following is a discussion of significant faults
potentially affecting the City of San Bernardino. Table 5.5-2 lists the maximum credible earthquake
magnitude of each fault. A description of the principle active faults that affect the City of San Bernardino is
listed below.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.5 -] 3
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.5-2
P . I A t' F It
rmclpa C Ive au s
Maximum Credible Earlhquake
Fault Magnitude (magnitude/peak g's)
San Andreas 8.5
San Jacinto (includes Glen Helen and Lorna Linda) 7.5
Cucamonga-Sierra Madre 6.5+
Whittier-Elsinore 7.5-7.0
San Fernando 7.0
Hollywood-Raymond Hills 7.0
Newport-Inglewood 7.0
Santa Monica 7.0
Rialto-Colton 6.5
Helendale 7.0
Cleghorn 6.7
North Frontal 7.0
Crafton 6.4
Banning 6.9
Red Hill 6.5
,.,...
eM"
Source: City of San Bernardino General Plan Update T echmcal Background Report. Chapter 5. Hazards, Envlcom Corporation,
February 1988.
The San Andreas Fault system, including the north and south branches, forms the dominant fault feature in
the City of San Bernardino area. Three of California's largest historic earthquakes have occurred along this
fault in 1857 near Fort Tejon, 1906 near San Francisco, and 1989 near Santa Cruz.5 The fault segment that
affects the City of San Bernardino begins at the Salton Sea, runs along the southern base of the San
Bernardino Mountains, crosses through the Cajon Pass and continues to run northwest along the northern
base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The fault segment southeast of Cajon Pass and within the San
Bernardino planning area has not experienced a major earthquake for at least 265 years and possibly for as
long as 600 years. Future predictions of magnitude and displacement currently cannot precisely be
determined along the San Andreas Fault; however, regional studies indicate that a magnitude 8.0 or larger
earthquake could be expected to occur in the future and should be considered for planning and design
purposes.
....
p..!-
Il'!'"
The San Jacinto fault system includes the Glen Helen, San Jacinto, and Loma Linda Faults in the City of San
Bernardino. These faults display Late Quaternary to Holocene activity with small earthquakes evident near
their fault traces. In terms of number of damaging earthquakes, the San Jacinto Fault zone has been the
most prolific in historical time. At least 10 events have taken place from 1895 to 1980 over a fault length of
120 miles, with about half of these events causing damage in the San Bernardino-Riverside area. Regional
studies suggest that a magnitude 7.0 to 7.5 earthquake is possible on the San Jacinto Fault system that
would affect the City of San Bernardino.
...
The Cucamonga-Sierra Madre fault system is part of a reverse and thrust fault zone that bounds the
southern margin of the eastern San Gabriel Mountains, approximately 10 miles northwest of the central City
area. The Cucamonga Fault is not known to have generated a significant earthquake in historic time, but a
series of fault scarps in the Holocene alluvial fan deposits at the southeastern base of the San Gabriel
Slnformation from the Envicom's 1988 Technical appendix was supplemented with information obtained from
http://en.wikipedia.orq/wiki/SanAndreasFi'lult on February 4. 2005 for documentation of the 1989 Lorna Prieta earthquake
Page 5.5-14. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Mountains attests to a succession of ground-rupturing earthquakes in the past. Earthquake scenarios that
could affect the San Bernardino planning area range from magnitude 6.5 to 6.75.
The Whittier-Elsinore fault system is located approximately 25 miles west of the city of San Bernardino. The
Elsinore Fault system extends nearly 120 miles from the Mexican border areas, northwest, beyond the Santa
Ana Mountains. The Whittier Fault extends further northwest from the Elsinore fault zone. A magnitude
6.5 design earthquake is considered to be reasonable for these faults.
The San Fernando Fault is located approximately 64 miles west of the City of San Bernardino. The San
Fernando Fault is a reverse fault near the back of the San Gabriel Mountains that is approximately 9 miles
long and was the source of the 1971 Magnitude 6.6 San Fernando earthquake.
The eastern terminus of the Hollywood-Raymond Hills fault system is located approximately 42 miles west of
the City of San Bernardino. The Hollywood-Raymond Hills fault system extends in an east-west direction
along the south side of the Santa Monica Mountains and may be continuous with the Raymond Fault in the
vicinity of Glendale. The Raymond Fault exhibits fault scarps, sag ponds, and deformation and offset of
Holocene strata.
The Newport-Inglewood Fault is a northwest trending fault displaying a complex zone of deformation from
Beverly Hills to south of Laguna Beach. The Newport-Inglewood Fault has been the source of damaging
earthquakes of up to magnitude 6.3 in 1933 at Long Beach. The fault is approximately 57 miles west of the
City.
The Santa Monica Fault is part of a major east-west trending system of reverse faults that extend from
northeast of Santa Monica into the Santa Barbara Channel. Late Quaternary offset is evident and probable
earthquake magnitudes of 6.5 could be expected along this fault, located approximately 70 miles west ofthe
City of San Bernardino.
eB
The Rialto-Colton Fault consists of two echelon strands with a total length of about 16 miles that trend in a
northwest direction. No Surface offset is evident for this fault but small earthquakes have occurred near its
subsurface trace. This fault is located approximately 4 miles from the City of San Bernardino.
The Helendale Fault consists of numerous echelon strands up to 2.5 miles long trending northwest. Total
length of the strands is approximately 54 miles. Holocene surface faulting is evident along with closely
associated small earthquakes. The fault is approximately 38 miles from the City of San Bernardino and is
located along the north side of the San Bernardino Mountains and east of Victorville.
The Cleghorn Fault is a single strand trending northwest with probable Holocene offset and numerous small
earthquake associated with the eastern end of the 14-mile-long trace. This fault is located along the
northwest end of the San Bernardino Mountains is approximately 13 miles northwest of the city of San
Bernardino.
The North Frontal Fault zone is comprised of numerous discontinuous acuate strands averaging 1.5 to 2.5
miles in length with a total overall length of about 30 miles. Late Quaternary offset occurs along the fault
zone; however, overlying Holocene alluvial fans are not faulted. Numerous closely associated small
earthquakes have been recorded near the eastern end of the zone. The zone is located along the north front
of the San Bernardino Mountains approximately 17 miles north of the City of San Bernardino.
The Crafton Fault consists of accurate echelon strands about 5 miles in length with evidence of Late
Quaternary offset. This fault is located approximately 7 miles south of the City of San Bernardino.
The Banning Fault zone consists of two to three strands in a zone about 2.5 miles wide trending from
northwest to west with a total length of approximately 27 miles. Holocene strata are offset in the zone
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.5-15
5. Environmental Analysis
-
and numerous small earthquakes are also closely associated with the zone. The fault zone is located
approximately 16 miles south-southeast of the City of San Bernardino.
The Red Hill Fault is a presumed single strand fault trending northwest to nearly east-west with a length of
about 9 miles. This fault extends through the Pomona area about 10 miles west of the City of San
Bernardino. Holocene strata have been offset at the eastern end and scattered small earthquakes have
occurred near the fault trace.
Surface (Fault) Rupture
As defined by the California Division of Mines and Geology (DMG), an active fault is one that has had surface
displacement within Holocene time (roughly the last 11,000 years) and/or has an instrumental record of
seismic activity while potentially active faults are those that show evidence of surface displacement during
Quaternary time (the last two million years), but for which evidence of Holocene movement has not been
established. Active faults are considered to be those most likely for renewal movement during the lifetime of
any structures in a particular project and may be a possible source for surface ground displacement. The
City of San Bernardino contains numerous strands of active faults that transverse the planning area,
including the San Andreas and the San Jacinto faults. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones Act requires
the State Geologist to establish Earthquake Fault Zones to encompass all potentially active fault traces of the
San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults. The Earthquake Fault Zones boundaries extend approximately 500 feet
away from major active faults and about 200 to 300 feet away from well-defined minor faults. Within the City
of San Bernardino planning area, the San Andreas Fault system and the San Jacinto Fault system, including
the Glen Helen and Loma Linda Faults, are included within these Special Studies Zones.
The locations of known faults within the City of San Bernardino are depicted in Figure 5.5-4, Regional Fault
Locations. Faults in the City that are part of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones are shown in Figure
5.5-5, Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones, to show the location of known active faults that are defined as
having the potential for surface rupture.
Strong Seismic Groundshaking
As seismic waves pass through the earth's crust, the severity and duration of ground-shaking at a particular
site area depends on several factors including (1) total energy released from a particular magnitude
earthquake in the form of seismic waves; (2) distance from the source of the earthquake; and (3) nature of
the surface and subsurface earth materials including age, composition, density, thickness and water content.
.,.,
"',.
The San Bernardino planning area has been regionally designated as a high severity zone where major
probable damage of probable maximum intensity IX or X, as defined by the Mercalli Intensity Scale, may
occur from a maximum expectable earthquake. The Mercalli Intensity Scale differs from the Richter
Magnitude Scale in that the effects of anyone earthquake vary greatly from place to place, so there may be
many Intensity values measured from one earthquake. Each earthquake, on the other hand, should have just
one Magnitude, although the several methods of estimating it will yield slightly different values. General
structural damage on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale for IX and X includes masonry seriously damaged
if reinforced, and destroyed if unreinforced, and general damage to wood frame structures.
...
Page 5.5-16. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.5-5
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Regional studies have suggested that various intensities of damage could be generated by either a
maximum credible earthquake of 8.5 magnitude on the San Andreas Fault system, a maximum credible
earthquake of 7.5 magnitude on the San Jacinto fault system, a maximum credible earthquake of 6.5 on the
Cucamonga-Sierra Madre fault system, or a maximum credible earthquake of7.5 magnitude on the Whittier-
Elsinore fault system.
Seismically Induced Slope Failure
Currently, the City of San Bernardino is located outside a mapped area for Seismic Hazard Zones, which
establishes regulatory zones that encompass areas prone to liquefaction (failure of water-saturated soil) and
earthquake-induced landslides. However, the geologic setting of southern California locally is conducive to
slope failures and slope-failure deposits (landslides) that can be a hazard to human life and property. These
hazards are created when geologic materials are displaced down a topographic slope under the influence of
gravity. Factors that determine slope-failure occurrence include: slope angle; geologic materials (substrate);
climatic conditions; and earthquake shaking." According to the Preliminary Soil-Slip Susceptibility Map
for the southern half of San Bernardino, portions of the City of San Bernardino are located within areas
designated as having either low, moderate, or high soil-slip susceptibility which could be induced
seismically.7
Liquefaction and Related Ground Failure
Liquefaction is a process whereby strong earthquake shaking causes sediment layers that are saturated with
groundwater to lose strength and behave as a fluid. This subsurface process can lead to near-surface or
surface ground failure that can result in property damage and structural failure. If surface ground failure does
occur, it is usually expressed as lateral spreading, flow failures, ground oscillation, and/or general loss of
bearing strength. San boils (injections of fluidized sediment) can commonly accompany these different types
of failure.
eB
In order to determine a region's susceptibility to liquefaction, three major factors must be analyzed these
include:
1) The age and textural characteristic of the alluvial sediments. Generally, the younger, less well
compacted sediments tend to have a higher susceptibility to liquefaction. Textural characteristics
also playa dominant role in determining liquefaction susceptibility. Sand and silty sands deposited
in river channels and floodplains tend to be more susceptible to liquefaction and floodplains tend to
be more susceptible to liquefaction than coarser or finer grained alluvial materials. In the San
Bernardino area, finer grained alluvial deposits that have accumulated in the floodplains and
channels of the Santa Ana River, Cajon Creek, and Lytle Creek are more susceptible to liquefaction
than coarser grained materials deposited in alluvial fan areas nearer to the San Bernardino Mountain
front.
2) The intensity and duration of ground-shaking: in the San Bernardino area. It is probable that the
tectonic setting and seismic history of the region suggest that earthquakes strong enough to
generate liquefaction in susceptible alluvial materials have occurred in the past and are likely to
occur in the future from fault movement on the San Andreas Fault, the San Jacinto Fault, and the
Cucamonga Fault.
" United States Geological Survey. Southern California Geology. Slope failure hazards in Southern California. Obtained on February
11,2005 from hllp://scamp.wr.usgs.gov/scamp/html/scg_slop.html
7 Morton, D.M, Alvarez, R.M & Campbell, R.H. Soil-Slip Susceptibility Map for the South Half of the San Bernardino 30' x 60'
Quadrangle, Southern California. Preliminary Soil-Slip Susceptibility Maps, Southwestern California. 2003
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-21
5. Environmental Analysis
3) The depth to the groundwater: Groundwater saturation of sediments is required in order for
earthquake induced liquefaction to occur. In general, groundwater depths shallower than ten feet to
the surface can cause the highest liquefaction susceptibility. This factor is the most variable and may
be the most important determinant because of the rapid changes in the historical groundwater levels
in the Bunker Hill and San Timoteo Groundwater Basin that underlies the City of San Bernardino.
-
Currently, the City of San Bernardino is located outside a mapped area for Seismic Hazard Zones, which
establishes regulatory zones that encompass areas prone to liquefaction (failure of water-saturated soil) and
earthquake-induced landslides. However, two general zones have been identified within the regional area,
"high" and "moderately high to moderate" zones based on past technical studies. High zones are
concentrated adjacent to the San Andreas Fault zone north and northeast of the City and in the old artesian
area between the San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults in the central and southern parts of the City. These
zones delineate regional susceptibility; however, they can vary greatly due to groundwater level changes.
These zones are depicted in Figure 5.5-6, Liquefaction Susceptibility.
Hazardous Buildings (Unrein forced Masonry)
The principal threat in an earthquake is not limited to ground-shaking, fault rupture, or liquefaction, but the
damage that the earthquake causes to buildings that house people or an essential function. Continuing
advances in engineering design and building code standards over the past decade have greatly reduced the
potential for collapse in an earthquake of most of our new buildings. However, many buildings were built in
past decades, before some of the earthquake design standards were incorporated into the building code.
Several specific building types are a particular concern in this regard.
Unrein forced Masonry Buildings
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, unreinforced masonry was the most common type of construction for
larger downtown commercial structures and for multi-story apartment and hotel buildings. These were
recognized as a collapse hazard following the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, Santa Barbara earthquake
of 1925, and again the aftermath of the Long Beach earthquake of 1933. These buildings are still recognized
as the most hazardous buildings in an earthquake. Because of the concentrated development of the San
Bernardino planning area by the early 1930s, a substantial number of unreinforced masonry buildings may
still exist within the City.
Per Senate Bill 547, local jurisdictions are required to enact structural hazard reduction programs by
(a) inventorying pre-1943 unreinforced masonry buildings, and (b) developing mitigation programs to correct
the structural hazards. Currently, the City maintains a list of pre-1943 unreinforced masonry buildings within
the City, which are predominantly located in the central city, north of Mills Street, South of 30th Street, east of
Rancho Avenue and west of Waterman Avenue. Currently there are 136 unreinforced masonry buildings in
the City..
Pre-cast Concrete Tilt-up Buildings
This building type was introduced following World War II and gained popularity for use in light industrial
development during the late 1950s and 1960s. Extensive damage to concrete tilt-up buildings in the 1971
San Fernando earthquake revealed the need for better anchoring of walls to the roof, floor and foundation
elements of the building, and for stronger roof diaphragms. In the typical damage to these buildings, the
concrete wall panels would fall outward and the adjacent roof would collapse creating a direct life hazard.
· Personal communication with Lease Jo at the City of San Bernardino on February 17, 2005.
Page 5.5-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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NOT TO SCALE
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.5-6
5.
Environmental Analysis
This page left intentionally blank.
Page 5.5-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
New design standards for tilt-up buildings, developed after the 1971 earthquake, were incorporated into the
1976 Uniform Building Code. However, a large majority of existing tilt-up buildings were designed under the
former code standards and may be subject to collapse under strong ground-shaking. Light industrial or
commercial areas of the City that were developed in the late 1950s and 1960s may contain these types of
buildings.
The older tilt-up construction was used primarily for single-story industrial and warehouse buildings with
solid wall panels and few or no window openings. However, recent application of tilt-up construction
techniques has expanded to two- and three-story commercial, retail and mass housing uses, with poor
connection details and a high proportion of glass openings in the wall panels. Other adaptations combine
concrete, masonry, and cast-in-place concrete in a complex manner that no longer retains the seismic
integrity of the original code intent.
Soft-Story Buildings
"Soft-Story" buildings are those in which at least one story, commonly the ground floor, has significantly less
rigidity and/or strength than the rest of the structure. This can form a weak link in the structure, unless special
design features are incorporated to give the building adequate structural integrity. Typical examples of soft-
story construction are buildings with glass curtain walls on the first floor only, or buildings placed on stilts or
columns, leaving the first story open for landscaping, street-friendly building entry, parking, or other
purposes. The failure of the modern Olive View Hospital in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, as well as the
Imperial County Service Buildings in the 1979 Imperial Valley event, led to the repeated recognition of the
seismic vulnerability of soft-story construction.
In the early 1950s to early 1970, soft story buildings were a popular construction style for low- and mid-rise
concrete frame structures. The City of San Bernardino may still have a number of concrete frame buildings of
this vintage.
eB
Non-Ductile Concrete Frame Buildings
The brittle behavior of non-ductile concrete frame buildings can create major damage and even collapse
under strong ground-shaking. This type of construction, which generally lacks masonry shear walls, was
common in the very early days on reinforced concrete buildings, and they continued to be built until the
codes were changed to require ductility in the moment-resisting frame in 1973.
Large numbers of these buildings were built for commercial and light industrial use in California's older,
densely populated cities. Many of these are four to eight stories; however, many others are in the lower
height range. This category also includes one-story parking garages with heavy concrete roof systems
supported by nonductile concrete columns. The history of construction in the City of San Bernardino spans
the dates and uses common for this potentially hazardous building type.
5.5.1.2
Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located in the northeastern portion of the San Bernardino
planning area. Generally, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area has the same regional geological setting
as the City of San Bernardino as they are adjacent to each other. However, while the City lies mainly at the
base of the steeper slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains, the Arrowhead Springs planning area extends
up the flank of the San Bernardino Mountains. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area lies at an elevation
of 1,480 feet to 2,400 feet above mean sea level (msl). Arrowhead Springs is located in the Waterman
Canyon (West Twin Creek) and East Twin Creek Watersheds and three primary water courses flow through
the planning area: the East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, and West Twin Creek which flows through
Waterman Canyon. The Arrowhead Springs planning area can generally be described as hilly marked with
sharp terrain, valleys, and inaccessible steep slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-25
5. Environmental Analysis
..,
In general the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area consists of numerous small canyons trending north-
south. Ridges are underlain by either Potato Formation or by granitic-metamorphic complex. These units are
deeply weathered and are offset by faulting of uncertain age. Hot springs travertines and quartz deposits
mark the ridge exposures of these faults as do active hot springs. Deep cut for roads and tanks all exhibit the
deep weathering as do steep-walled ravines cut into these crystalline basement units.
11M"
Within areas of the upper plateau and ridges, near the south, the subgrade soils are comprised of moderate-
ly dense, deeply weathered gravely sand with some silts. Within the upper plateau and hillsides near the
north, subgrades are expected to consist of grayish brown to gray highly fractured metamorphic rocks,
weathered gravelly sand of decomposed granitic origin, and/or calcite as derived from old hot springs.
~;
~-
Within the canyon bottoms, subgrade soils consist of alluviums of silty fine sand and fine to medium coarse
gravelly sand of variable consistency along with numerous cobbles and isolated rocks. Subgrade soils
underlying the upper described alluviums are expected to consist of well consolidated gravelly sand or
weathered bedrock of siltstone/sandstone origin, generally compressible in nature. Figure 5.5-7 shows the
major geologic units in the vicinity of the Arrowhead Springs area.
'"
Geothermal Activity
~lI-
The hot springs in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are actually located in two canyons in the
foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains on a splay of the San Andreas Fault. The splay seems to be related
to the bifurcation of the fault into the northern and southern segments which continue southeast toward the
Salton Trough. The hot springs in the area are divided into two distinct groups and are located in two
canyons about one-half mile apart on the property.
..,
""',
The Arrowhead hot springs are located on the south flank of the San Bernardino Mountains (near the historic
resort). The Arrowhead hot springs are comprised of the Pal Hot Springs, Penuygal Hot Springs, and Granite
Hot Springs. Table 5.5-3 displays the 1910 and 1980-1981 recorded temperatures atthese hot springs at the
Arrowhead hot springs location and the Waterman hot springs (near Waterman Canyon). The area has been
developed as a bathing spa and recreational area since the late 1800s, and most of the original hot spring
locations have been altered from their original character by the construction of baths and collection pools.
The California Division of Mines and Geology, 1975 noted that one spring at the Arrowhead hot springs
actually boils having a temperature of 990C (21 OOF).
-
....
Table 5.5-3
Recorded Tem eratures at the Arrowhead Hot S rin s
Location
Palm Hot Springs
Penuygal Hot Springs
Granite Hot Springs
Waterman Hot Springs 70-930C l5B-200oF BlOC 17BOF)
Source: California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. Resource Investigation of Low- and Moderate-Temperature
Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino California. DMG Open -File Report 82-11, 1981
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Page 5.5-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
--~-~---~-~-~~~~~~~
5. Environmental Analysis
Arrowhead Springs Geologic Map
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Source: Soils Southwest, Inc.
San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJSodated Spedfic PlanJ EIR
NOT TO SCAlE
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The Planning Center · Figure 5.5-7
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5. Environmental Analysis
Geothermal temperatures at Arrowhead hot springs have changed very little in the past 100 years. Today
there is still near boiling water issuing from the surface. Two springs, the Palm Hot Springs and Granite Hot
Springs, are currently hotter than 1910 measurements. At these locations, wells were drilled and hot water
now flows from some unknown depth rather than naturally emitting at the surface. Penuygal Hot Springs is
cooler than known 1910 temperatures and sediment and debris may be impeding the natural flow to the
surface. This impedance may allow the waters to cool more near the surface than in the past when the spring
was maintained.
The Waterman hot springs are approximately one-half mile west of the Arrowhead hot springs. The hot
waters issue from an alluvial terrace deposit that, along a short stretch, forms the east bank of the Waterman
Canyon. Four caves were dug into the side of the alluvial fill covering fractured bedrock from which steam
and hot water was flowing. Currently, the caves are bulldozed over to keep out trespassers and still show
signs of warm ground and surface steam. Historically, the temperatures of the steam caves were described
as being dependent on the location with respect to the fault which lies directly to the east. The temperature
was observed to decrease regularly as the distance from the fault increased"
The Arrowhead of Arrowhead Springs
A unique geologic feature on the slopes of Arrowhead Peak above the Arrowhead Springs resort area is the
outline of an Indian arrowhead from which the resort and mountain is named. The arrowhead is 1,115 feet
long and 396 feet wide. The arrowhead is clearly visible on the mountain because it appears to be white
against a dark background. The soil which forms this mark is composed mostly of disintegrated white quartz
and light gray granite, on which grow weeds and a short, white grass, while the soil around it is of a different
formation, sustaining vegetation and shrubs of a dark green color, which covers the rest of the face of the
mountain.'O In 1957, the United States National Forest Service designated the natural Arrowhead a
"Landmark Geological Area." The Arrowhead can be seen in the lower photo of Figure 5.1-4 in Section 5.1 ,
Aesthetics.
eB
Geologic Hazards (Site Specific to AHS)
Slope Failure (Landslides)
Numerous landslides are present in the Arrowhead Springs area, comprised of remnants of bedrock of
broken sandstone with gravel deposits, related to localized slumping of weathered bedrock materials. Minor
surficial slopewash and/or minor surficial slides may be associated with the north-south direction canyons
near the northwest of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. Slope surface includes minor slippage
along with upper loose silty gravelly sand (top-soils), overlying moderately dense gravelly sand and/or
weathered and fractured bedrock.
Compressible Soils
Compression of the soils brought about by an increase in stress from construction, foundation or other which
results in a deformation and relocation of soil particles, and expulsion of water or air from void spaces. In the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, upper alluviums in canyon bottoms are generally considered
compressible in nature and consist of well consolidated gravelly sand or weathered bedrock of siltstone/
sandstone origin. Consolidation tests conducted on representative undisturbed soils sampled at depth and
on remolded bulk soil sample exhibited relatively "low" compressibility under anticipated structural loading.
9 Jones, Victor 1. & Burtell, S.G. (2002) Hydrocarbon Flux Variations in Natural and Anthropogenic Seeps. Exploration
Technologies. Inc. Obtained from hllp://www.eti-geochemistry.com!fluX/
10 California Genealogy. Additional Towns of San Bernardino County. California, Arrowhead Hot Springs. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.californiagenealogy.org/sanbernardino/towns2.htm
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.5-29
5. Environmental Analysis
Expansion tests conducted on representative near grade soils exhibited "very low" expansion potential with
Expansion Index (EI) less than 20.
.,<
Ground Subsidence
Mi'"
Subsidence of the ground surface is generally caused by the withdrawal of groundwater and/or hydro-
carbons. Withdrawal of groundwater in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area has traditionally been
associated with domestic use, irrigation and heating from the geothermal wells. However, groundwater levels
in the southern boundary of Arrowhead Springs and along the National Forest boundary areas are expected
at about 10 feet below grade. Shallow depth groundwater, however, should be expected within the southern
low-lying areas.
-
...",
Erosion
See above discussion pertaining to erosion for the San Bernardino area.
Seismic Hazards (applicable site specific to AHS)
Earthquake Faults Including Information on Historic Earthquakes
See above discussion pertaining to earthquake faults for the San Bernardino area.
Surface (Fault) Rupture
The southern flank of the San Bernardino Mountains is bounded by the San Andreas Fault zone, which is a
designated Alquist-Priolo zone. Portions of the Alquist-Priolo zones exist on the west side and southerly end
of the project area (see Figure 5.5-5). However, these active faults have not been trenched to locate fault
traces in a precise manner.
..,,'
Strong Seismic Groundshaking
The entire planning area of Arrowhead Springs lies in the near source zone of the San Andreas Fault. The
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located 7 kilometers from the near source zone of the Class B
Frontal Fault system, 13 kilometers from this zone of the Class A Cucamonga Fault system and 9 kilometers
from the near source zone of the San Jacinto Fault. Earthquakes on these faults could generate vibrations on
site with maximum horizontal accelerations ranging from OAg to 0.7g and with durations of string shaking
exceeding 20 seconds.
,.,^
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Seismically Induced Slope Failure
...
See above discussion pertaining to seismically induced slope failure for the San Bernardino area.
Liquefaction and Related Ground Failure
Liquefaction is caused by build-up of excess hydrostatic pressure in saturated cohensionless soils due to
cyclic stress generated by ground-shaking during an earthquake. The significant factors on which lique-
faction potential of a soil deposit depends, among others include, soil type, relative soil density, intensity of
earthquake, duration of ground-shaking, and depth of groundwater.
...
Liquefaction is possible near the southerly end of the project due to the high groundwater. Natural spring
water is expected during grading and construction. Shallow depth groundwater, however, should be
expected within the southern low-lying areas. As per USGS Bulletin 1898, groundwater within the southern
boundary of Arrowhead Springs and along the National Forest boundary areas are expected at about 10 feet
below grade.
~.
Page 5.5-30. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Hazardous Buildings (Unreinforced Masonry)
See above discussion pertaining to hazardous buildings for the San Bernardino area.
5.5.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on he
environment if the project would:
G-1
Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist
for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? (Refer
to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.)
. Strong seismic ground-shaking.
. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction
G-2
Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil.
G-3
Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become
unstable as a result of the project and potentially result in on-or off-site landslide,
lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse.
eB
G-4
Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform building
Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property.
G-5
Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative
waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of
waste water.
The Initial Study, included as Volume II, Appendix A, substantiates that impacts associated with threshold
G-5 would be less than significant. This threshold will not be discussed further in this EIR.
5.5.3 Environmental Impacts
5.5.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
GP IMPACT 5.5-1:
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO RESIDENTS, VISITORS, AND WORKERS WOULD BE
SUBJECTED TO POTENTIAL SEISMIC-RELATED HAZARDS. [THRESHOLD G-1}
Impact Analysis: The City of San Bernardino and Sphere of Influence areas (SOt) are crisscrossed by
numerous faults and trace faults, many of which are located within the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone.
Faults located within the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone are considered to have been active during the
Holocene time and therefore have the potential for surface rupture. In addition to active faults in the Alquist-
Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone, other active faults also crisscross through the San Bernardino planning area,
which also have the potential for surface rupture. In accordance with the Unreinforced Masonry Law the City
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-31
5. Environmental Analysis
....
of San Bernardino has identified structures within the City, which may be hazardous in the event of surface
rupture. Structures and persons residing in these structures within the Earthquake Fault Zone and within
close proximity to other active faults within the City of San Bernardino may be exposed to substantial
adverse effects, such as potential structural collapse, in the event of surface rupture.
~t
...
Due to the proximity and location of these active faults in relation to the City of San Bernardino planning
areas, all structures within the City of San Bernardino planning area may be subject to seismic related
impacts from severe ground-shaking. The San Bernardino planning area has been regionally designated as
a high severity zone where major probable damage of probable maximum intensity IX or X, as defined by the
Mercalli Intensity Scale, may occur from a maximum expectable earthquake. Structures and persons residing
in these structures during periods of severe ground-shaking located within the City of San Bernardino may
be exposed to substantial adverse effects.
-
"/Il
In addition to impacts from surface rupture and severe ground-shaking, many locations within the City are
located in areas with "high" and "moderately-high to moderate" liquefaction potential which can be induced
by seismic activity and can result in structural failure. Structures and persons residing in these structures
within areas designated "high" and "moderately-high to moderate" liquefaction potential located within the
City of San Bernardino may be exposed to substantial adverse effects in the event of structural failure as a
result of liquefaction.
.~~
...
GP IMPACT 5.5-2:
UNSTABLE GEOLOGIC UNIT OR SOILS CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SOIL
EROSION, COULD RESULT FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CITY OF SAN
BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN. [THRESHOLDS G-2 AND G-3}
"'iIi>
Impact Analysis: The City of San Bernardino lies within a geological unit that contains soil types that are
susceptible to both wind and water erosion which may be indicative of unstable geological conditions for
development. Fine sandy soils found in the City of San Bernardino, such as the Delhi fine sand and the
Tujunga loamy sand, are both susceptible to wind erosion if left exposed without adequate vegetative cover.
The Cienaba sandy loam, Friant rock outcrop, Greenfield sandy loam, and Saugus sandy loam, which
commonly occur on alluvial fans, hills, and at the base of the San Bernardino Mountain front, are susceptible
to water erosion. Hillside grading without proper erosion control plans, and off-road vehicle use in areas of
erosion-prone soils can increase these hazards. Development within areas that are characterized by these
soil types within the City of San Bernardino may result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil.
..
...
..
Hillside areas within the City of San Bernardino planning area are located in areas designated as having low,
moderate, or high soil-slip susceptibility, which can be induced seismically. Common names for landslide
types include slump, rockslide, debris slide, lateral spreading, debris avalanche, earth flow, and soil creep.
Areas of low relief with low to moderate susceptibility may contain small scale surficial soil slips, debris flow
and mudflows on steep localized slopes. Areas of moderate and high relief with low to moderate
susceptibility may contain small to large rotational slides, debris slides and combinations of surficial slides
and flows. Development located on these hillside areas is therefore susceptible to potential landslides.
...
po
Portions of the City of San Bernardino planning area have been identified to have the potential for
liquefaction and subsidence susceptibility, which could result in structural collapse if development were to
occur. Continued overdraft of the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo Basin could lead to an increase in susceptibility to
impacts from subsidence as a decrease in groundwater levels could initiate sinking to fill the empty space
previously occupied by water or soluble minerals. This can be aggravated by weight, including surface
developments such as roads, reservoirs, and buildings, and man-made vibrations from such activities as
blasting, heavy truck or train traffic which can accelerate the natural processes of subsidence. However,
groundwater recharge in the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo Basin has significantly reduced this hazard by
reducing overdraft in the Basin.
p'
....
",.,..
Page 5.5-32 . The Planning Center
July 2005
..'"
5. Environmental Analysis
In the San Bernardino planning area, finer grain alluvial deposits that have accumulated in floodplains of the
Santa Ana River are more susceptible to liquefaction than coarser grained materials deposited in alluvial fan
areas nearer to the San Bernardino Mountain Front. However, groundwater level is the most important
determinant to liquefaction potential because of the rapid changes in the historic groundwater levels in the
San Bernardino planning area. Groundwater saturation of the sediments is required in order for earthquake
induced liquefaction to occur. Groundwater depth shallower than 10 feet to the surface can cause the
highest liquefaction potential. Groundwater 10 to 30 feet below the surface can create a moderately high to
moderate liquefaction potential. Groundwater 30 to 50 feet deep can create a moderate to low susceptibility.
Historically, 1973 to 1983, groundwater levels in the old artesian area were within 10 feet or less of the
surface and therefore historically have had a high liquefaction potential. In addition, due to the constrictive
nature of groundwater movement along fault lines, groundwater levels along the San Andreas, San Jacinto,
and the Cucamonga Faults in San Bernardino planning area are also known to have moderate to moderately
high liquefaction potential.
GP IMPACT 5.5-3:
SOIL CONDITIONS PRESENT WITHIN THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO COULD
RESULT IN RISKS TO LIFE OR PROPERTY. [THRESHOLD G-4}
Impact Analysis: Expansive soils are defined as soils that shrink when dry and swell when wet. These
characteristics apply to soils with a high percentage of clay. Movement that occurs during expansion can
exert enough pressure to crack sidewalks, driveways, basement floors, pipelines and even foundations.
Table 5.5-1 lists the soil types found within the City of San Bernardino. Although commonly found soils within
the City are not characterized as expansive, the potential to encounter expansive soils within the City may
exist. Potential risks to life or property, due to structural collapse as a result of construction on expansive
soils could therefore occur within the City.
City of San Bernardino General Plan Policies and Programs
eB
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to geological hazards
include:
Safety Element
Policy 10.7.1: Minimize the risk to life and property through the identification of potentially hazardous areas,
establishment or proper construction design criteria, and provision of public information.
Policy 10.7.2: Require geologic and geotechnical investigations for new development in areas adjacent to
known fault locations and approximate fault locations as part of the environmental and/or development
review process and enforce structural setbacks from faults identified through those investigations.
Policy 10.7.3: Enforce the requirements of the California Seismic Hazards Mapping and Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zoning Act when siting, evaluating, and constructing new projects within the City.
Policy 10.7.4: Determine the liquefaction potential at a site prior to development, and require that specific
measures be taken as necessary, to prevent or reduce damage in an earthquake.
Policy 10.7.5: Evaluate and reduce the potential impacts of liquefaction on new and existing lifelines.
Policy 10.8.1: Enforce the requirements of the California Seismic Hazards Mapping and Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zoning Acts when siting, evaluating, and constructing new projects in the City.
Policy 10.8.2: Require that lifelines crossing a fault be designed to resist the occurrence of fault rupture.
Policy 10.8.3: Adopt a program for the orderly and effective upgrading of seismically hazardous buildings in
the City for the protection of health and safety. Compliance with the Unreinforced Masonry Law shall include
General Plan Update and ASJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.5-33
5. Environmental Analysis
-~
the enactment of an effective program for seismic upgrading of unreinforced masonry buildings within the
City.
...
Policy 10.9.1: Minimize risk to life and property by properly identifying hazardous areas, establishing proper
construction design criteria, and distribution of public information.
-
Policy 10.9.2: Require geologic and geotechnical investigations in areas of potential geologic hazards as
part of the environmental and/or development review process for all new structures.
..."
Policy 10.9.3: Require that new construction and significant alterations to structures located within potential
landslide areas be evaluated for site stability, including potential impact to other properties during project
design and review.
...
5.5.3.2
Arrowhead Springs
","",,',
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan details the overall development that would occur in the 1916 acre plan
area. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in balanced cut and fill of approximately 7,000,000
cubic feet of soil to accommodate the proposed pads sites. An additional 1 ,000,000 cubic yards of cut and
fill maybe required for remedial grading to ensure stability of slopes where potential for landslides is evident.
For a map of the conceptual grading plan refer to Figure 3.3-7 in Section 3.0, Project Description.
,...,.
Most of the planned development pad sites should be accessible using a dozer and a tractor-mounted
backhoe and the general project area is considered acceptable for a drill-rig. Extensive site preparation and
grading are anticipated due to the varied terrain that consists of valleys, some with steep canyon walls and
ridges.
Existing slope gradients are estimated to vary anywhere from approximately 1: 1 : to 2: 1 (horizontal to vertical)
or flatter. Minor surficial slopewash and/or minor surficial slides are present in multiple locations. All perma-
nent manufactured slope banks are not expected to be constructed at a gradient greater than 2: 1 (horizontal
to vertical), while cut slopes will not exceed 1 :1. Exceptions may be made in the case of rock or natural
outcroppings. Grading in certain areas of the Specific Plan is anticipated to require major cuts into upper
plateaus and ridges of up to 50 feet and to about 20 feet on hillsides. No blasting or jack-hammering is
anticipated. New fill soil placements are anticipated for the valleys and most pad sites.
.."
....
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
-
AHS IMPACT 5.5-1:
FUTURE RESIDENCES, VISITORS, AND WORKERS WOULD BE SUBJECTED TO
POTENTIAL SEISMIC-RELA TED HAZARDS WITHIN THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS
SPECIFIC PLAN AREA. [THRESHOLD G-1}
...'
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs SpecifiC Plan area is crisscrossed by numerous faults and trace
faults, some of which are associated with the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone (refer to Figures 5.5-4 and
5.5-5 for approximate location of active and inactive faults and faults within the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zone). Although the majority of the residential and commercial development is located outside the
Earthquake Fault Zone, portions of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan designated as residential in the
southernmost portions of the planning area are located within the Earthquake Fault Zone. In addition, active
fault traces are known to cross the area proposed for commercial uses. Structures and persons residing in
these structures within the Earthquake Fault Zone and within close proximity to other active faults within the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area may be exposed to substantial adverse effects in the event of surface
rupture.
.....
....
...
Page 5.5-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Due to the proximity and location of active faults in relation to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, all
structures within the planning area may be subject to seismic related impacts from severe ground-shaking.
Earthquakes could generate vibrations on site with maximum horizontal accelerations ranging from O.4g to
0.7g and with durations of string shaking exceeding 20 seconds. Structures and persons residing in these
structures during periods of severe ground-shaking located within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area
may be exposed to substantial adverse effects.
In addition to impacts from surface rupture and severe ground-shaking, many locations within the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area are located in areas with potential for liquefaction do to groundwater levels within
10 feet of the surface. Structures and persons residing in these structures if liquefaction were to occur within
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area may be exposed to substantial adverse effects in the event of
structural failure as a result of liquefaction.
AHS IMPACT 5.5-2:
UNSTABLE GEOLOGIC UNIT OR SOILS CONDITIONS, INCLUDING SOIL
EROSION, COULD RESULT DUE TO BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD
SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN. [THRESHOLDS G-2 AND G-3}
Impact Analysis: Much of the area located within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is located in areas
designated as having either low, moderate, or high soil-slip susceptibility, which can be induced seismically.
According to results of shear tests, exposed slope surface areas and ridge tops under increased moisture
conditions indicate moderate shear strengths for slope stability. The proposed development plan of the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in slope modification and cuts into the ridges and
manufactured slopes. Approximately 7,000,000 cubic yards of balanced cut and fill would be required to
support individual proposed building pads envisioned in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. In order to
support existing and man made slopes proposed in the Conceptual Grading Plan, remedial grading of an
additional 1 ,000,000 cubic yards would be required to prevent erosion or potential for landslides within the
planning area. Modification of the existing geography in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan could therefore
have the potential to increase soil-slip susceptibility hazards.
eB
In the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, valley areas are considered susceptible to soil consolidation
which can result in unequal settlements to footings and are considered unsuitable for structural support or
new structural fill soils placement. These undesirable site soils are also expected to exist within 5 feet of the
surface on the upper ridges and upper plateau, and within 12 to 18 feet or more of the surface in the canyon
bottoms. In addition, site soils are considered highly susceptible to caving. Soil consolidation and caving can
lead to possible structural collapse.
Hot springs and geothermal activity within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are indicative of the
potential to encounter high groundwater levels. In addition, portions ofthe Arrowhead Springs planning area
are identified on Figure 5.5-6 as having high susceptibility to liquefaction. As a result, portions of the project
area may have the potential for liquefaction, which could result in structural collapse if development were to
occur.
Due to high depth of groundwater, the Arrowhead Springs Area is not considered susceptible to subsidence.
AHS IMPACT 5.5-3:
SOIL CONDITIONS PRESENT WITHIN THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC
PLAN AREA COULD RESULT IN RISKS TO LIFE OR PROPERTY. [THRESHOLD
G-4}
Impact Analysis: Expansive soils are defined as soils that shrink when dry and swell when wet. These
characteristics apply to soils with a high percentage of clay. Movement that occurs during expansion can
exert enough pressure to crack sidewalks, driveways, basement floors, pipelines and even foundations. The
Arrowhead Springs area is located in the mountainous regions of the City of San Bernardino and the
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans fIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.5-35
5. Environmental Analysis
..
potential to encounter soils with expansive properties is low according to the geotechnical study for the site
conducted by Soils Southwest 'nc. (see Appendix D. Vol. III).
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Development Standards
1I!"lI"
...
The following general development standards contained within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan related
to hillside development techniques for the Arrowhead Spring area include:
-
· All permanent manufactured slope banks shall be constructed at a gradient of not greater than 2: 1
(horizontal to vertical), unless the Project civil and/or geotechnical engineer can certify slope stability
for any cut slope greater than 2: 1 . Cut slopes shall not exceed 1 : 1 . Exceptions may be made in the
case of rock or natural outcroppings.
..'
· Incorporating the recommendations of the Project civil and/or geotechnical engineer, the following
standards and specifications for benching and terrace drains on manufactured cut and fill slopes
should be used in grading design and implementation:
-
o If any slope benches are required by the project civil engineer or geotechnical engineer,
then slope benches of six feet in width shall be provided at not more than 40- foot vertical
intervals and shall include a drainage swale on all cut or fill slopes to control surface
drainage and debris, except that where only one terrace is required, it shall be mid-height.
...
IJltO
o For cut or fill slopes greater than 80 feet and up to 120 feet in vertical height, one terrace at-
approximately mid-height shall be 12 feet in width. Terrace widths and spacing for cut and
fill slopes greater than 120 feet in height shall be designed by the Project civil and/or
geotechnical engineer and approved by the City Engineer.
...
o Suitable access shall be provided to permit proper cleaning and maintenance.
...
o Subject to the approval of the Project civil and/or geotechnical engineer, manufactured
slopes less than 40 feet in vertical height do not require any benching.
o Grading operations shall not result in substantial damage to, or alteration of, significant
permanent natural resource areas, wildlife habitats or native vegetation areas, which are
designated by the Master Tentative Subdivision Map to be preserved.
..
-
o To the extent feasible, exposed manufactured slopes per the Grading Ordinance as
determined by the City Engineer and the Development Services Director shall be naturalized
by the use of natural contour grading to approximate natural slopes. To the extent feasible,
exposed slopes in excess of 20 vertical feet shall be rounded at the top and toe. If feasible,
exposed manufactured slopes in excess of 30 feet shall undulate with varying slope
gradients. Both the top and toe of slopes shall be modulated to affect the slope undulation.
o Special landscaping techniques using plant material of varying heights and massing shall
be used in conjunction with contour grading to create a modulated slope appearance.
JIH-'
o Existing landforms may be re-contoured, as necessary, to provide a smooth and gradual
transition to graded slopes, while, preserving the basic character of the site.
."
o Local internal streets as well as collector streets shall be meandered where possible to
undulate and minimize slope banks. Split-level streets may be utilized where possible to
minimize impacts to the natural terrain.
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Page 5.5-36. The Planning Center
July 2005
lIP."
5. Environmental Analysis
o It is anticipated that topsoil from graded areas could be stockpiled for reapplication to
manufactured slope areas.
o Phasing of grading within each planning area shall provide for the safety and maintenance
of other planning areas already developed or under construction and visual mitigation
(revegetation) of all manufactured slopes.
o Where possible, phasing shall preclude hauling of earth over residential streets of
developed areas. All import and/or export activities of earth material to or from the
Arrowhead Springs site shall conform to Sections 15.04-210, 15.04-545, 15.38 of the San
Bernardino Municipal Code.
o Temporary runoff/erosion control devices shall be installed prior to any grading activities.
Runoff/erosion control and maintenance shall be employed subject to the City of San
Bernardino Division of Public Works Grading Policies and Procedures.
o Prior to October 15 of each year, all graded but not permanently landscaped slopes shall be
hydro-seeded for slope stabilization as necessary for erosion control, to the satisfaction of
the City Engineer. The application for any grading permit must provide assurance to the City
Engineer that manufactured slope banks will be properly landscaped and irrigated, and that
the landscape will be, maintained by either the developer, the property owner(s) or by a
Landscaping Maintenance District.
o A revegetation plan shall be prepared for review and approval by the City Engineer and the
Development Services Director for manufactured slopes occurring adjacent to undisturbed
native plant communities.
eB
o Hauling of earth or construction materials over residential streets in developed areas shall
be avoided. A truck hauling route shall be submitted to the City Engineer for approval prior
to commencement of any grading operation. The approved haul routes may require the
construction of a greater structural section along haul routes, to the satisfaction of the City
Engineer and/or the Director of Public Works.
o Crib and/or retaining walls may be allowed in situations where significant grading can be
saved and where approved by the soils engineer and accepted by the City Engineer.
o Any off-site grading shall be reviewed and approved by the City Engineer as part of a
grading review package. A letter of permission from the affected property owner(s) shall be
required prior to issuance of any grading permit for off-site work. Absent such permission,
grading plans shall conform to the required grading setbacks s provided in the City's
Grading ordinance.
o Prior to work in any streambed, permits shall be obtained from the California Department of
Fish and Game, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California State Water Quality
Control Board.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.5-37
5. Environmental Analysis
..
5.5.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
.-
5.5.4.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
The following existing regulations and standard conditions apply to both the San Bernardino General Plan
Update and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
...
· If a project site is located in an Earthquake Fault Zone (formerly known as "Special Studies Zones"),
the City of San Bernardino must withhold development permits for sites within the zones until
geologic investigations demonstrate that the sites are not threatened by surface displacement from
future faulting as required by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. The purpose ofthis Act
is "to regulate development near active faults so as to mitigate the hazard of surface fault rupture."
Pursuant to this Act, structures for human occupancy are not allowed within 50 feet ofthe trace of an
active fault.
~
..
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· The Seismic Hazard Mapping Act was adopted in 1990 for the purpose of protecting public safety
from the effects of strong ground-shaking, liquefaction, landslides, or other ground failure caused by
earthquakes. Currently, the City of San Bernardino is located outside a mapped area for Seismic
Hazard Zones, which establishes regulatory zones that encompass areas prone to liquefaction
(failure of water-saturated soil) and earthquake-induced landslides. Once the City of San Bernardino
has been mapped pursuant to this Act, the City of San Bernardino must withhold development
permits for a site within a designated Seismic Hazard Zone until the geologic conditions are
investigated and appropriate mitigation measures, if any, are incorporated into the development
plans. In addition, sellers (and their agents) of real property within a mapped Seismic Hazard Zone
must disclose that the property lies within such a zone at the time of sale.
...
...
'"
· Development in the San Bernardino planning area is required to adhere to the building standards of
the most recent California Building Code (CBC) and Uniform Building Code (UBC), which regulates
the design and construction of excavations, foundations, building frames, retaining walls, and other
building elements to mitigate the effects of seismic shaking and adverse soil conditions. The
procedures and limitations for the design of structures are based on site characteristics, occupancy
type, configuration, structural system height, and seismic zoning for Seismic Zone 4.
.~
""'~
· All development proposals shall be evaluated in compliance with the California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA) and all General Plan environmental policies including, but not limited to,
geologic hazards. Structures within 50 feet of an active or potentially active fault shall be prohibited.
Development within these areas shall be subject to the submittal of appropriate report(s) prepared
by qualified professionals which address the impacts of the proposed project; the identification of
mitigation measures necessary to eliminate the significant adverse impacts; and, the provision of a
program for monitoring, evaluating the effectiveness of, and insuring the adequacy of the specified
mitigation measures. (Article III, Section 19.20.030, Section 6 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal
Code)
'l'riI'_o
..
· All formal grading plans or site drainage plans must be reviewed and approved by the Engineering
Section in the Department of Public works. This approval is required before building permits are
issued. (Title 15 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
...
· In addition to the requirements of Chapter A33 of the Uniform Building Code, the Municipal Code
adds or makes provisions to mitigate against potential geological hazards in the City of San
Bernardino:
(1) Provisions for the applicability of the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone. Within designated
areas, reports on earthquake or liquefaction hazards are required. (13.04.130)
...
Page 5.5-38 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
(2) Requires slopes to be on downhill lots unless specifically waived. (15.04.160)
(3) Redefines setback from top to toe of slope. (15.04.190)
(4) Requires slope planting of cut and fill slopes and review by the City Engineer. Slopes less
than 5 feet may be waived under special circumstances. Provides for automatic irrigation on
all slopes in excess of 15 feet. (15.04.200)
(5) Provides for review of all grading projects by Environmental Review Committee where
existing grade is 15% or greater, or more than 10,000 cubic yards, or material is to be
moved.
. The California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 4 Subchapter 4 Section 1942.1, Unstable
Areas, defines unstable areas as areas that contain fumaroles, geysers, hot springs, mud pots, etc.
where drilling any wells, including water wells, is prohibited unless the division determines, after a
thorough geological investigation, that drilling in an unstable area is feasible.
. The following are policies aimed at protection of geothermal resources and geothermal hazards
contained in Section 13.20.360 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code.
o Conserve and protect the geothermal fluids and ground water within and adjacent to the
City, in order to enhance reservoir productivity and benefit; prevent wasteful extraction and
disposal of geothermal fluids and thermal ground water; prevent geothermal fluid and
thermal ground water temperature degradation; maintain stable static levels of geothermal
fluids and thermal ground waters; prevent thermal pollution of surface environs and waters;
and prevent harmful intermixing of geothermal fluids or thermal ground water with non-
thermal ground waters;
eB
o Increase and disseminate the scientific knowledge of geothermal and ground water
resources; and
o Protect the public health, safety, and welfare from improperly constructed, operated,
maintained, or abandoned wells.
5.5.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.5.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Upon consideration of policies and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.5-1
Project residents (or occupants) within the San Bernardino planning area would be
susceptible to potential impacts from surface rupture, severe ground-shaking and
seismic induced liquefaction. However, new developments within the City would be
required to ensure that structures could withstand the impacts from seismic related
activity as required by the CBC for seismic related impacts within Seismic Zone 4.
Furthermore, no structures are allowed within 50 feet of an active fault trace as
required by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act and the Seismic Hazard
Mapping Act.
GP Impact 5.5-2
Portions of the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas are located on unstable
geological units or have unstable soil conditions that may result in loss of topsoil or
be susceptible to landslides, lateral spreading, liquefaction, subsidence, and
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.5-39
5. Environmental Analysis
~"-
GP Impact 5.5-3
5.5.5.2
collapse. However, development in the San Bernardino planning area is required to
adhere to the building standards of the most recent CBC and UBC, which regulates
the design and construction of excavations, foundations, building frames, retaining
walls, and other building elements to mitigate the effects of seismic shaking and
adverse soil conditions.
-
.'
Portions of the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas may be located in areas with
expansive soil conditions which can result in risks to life or property. However, in
addition to adherence to the CBC and UBC, all formal grading plans must be
reviewed and approved by the Engineering Section in the Department of Public
works, which would ensure that site soil conditions are conducive to development
and would not induce or be subject to impacts in this regard.
""
...
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
..-'
Upon consideration of development standards and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.5-1
AHS Impact 5.5-3
Project residents (or occupants) within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area
would be susceptible to potential impacts from surface rupture, severe ground-
shaking and seismic induced liquefaction. However, new developments within
Arrowhead Springs would be required to ensure that structures could withstand the
impacts from seismic related activity as required by the CBC for seismic related
impacts within Seismic Zone 4. Furthermore, no structures are allowed within 50
feet of an active fault trace as required by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault
Zoning Act and the Seismic Hazard Mapping Act.
(I11III;'
-
-
Soil conditions within the Arrowhead Springs Area exhibit very-low expansion
potential and therefore do not pose a risk to life or property due to expansive soils
conditions.
-
AHS Impact 5.5-2
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
....
Portions of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are located on unstable
geological units or have unstable soil conditions that may result in loss of topsoil or
be susceptible to landslides, lateral spreading, liquefaction, subsidence, and
collapse.
fI6't."
5.5.6.1
5.5.6 Mitigation Measures
"...
San Bernardino General Plan Update
5.5.6.2
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
Arrowhead Springs
AHS 5.5-2a
AHS 5.5-2b
All projects within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area shall follow all
geotechnical recommendations provided within the Report of Preliminary
Geotechnical Evaluations produced by Soils Southwest Inc.
Site specific geotechnical analysis shall be required for all new developments within
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area to determine existing soils conditions,
soil recommendations for fill material prior to grading, and slope stability. Detailed
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Page 5.5-40 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
geologic and geotechnical evaluations shall be made for construction of structural
footings and slab-on-grade for placement on compacted fill soils.
AHS 5.5-2c
No fill shall be placed, spread or rolled during unfavorable weather conditions.
Where work is interrupted by heavy rains, fill operations shall not be resumed until
moisture conditions are considered favorable by the soils engineer.
AHS M 5.5-2d
Proposed level structural pad areas shall be carefully evaluated by project geologist
to determine whether these locations can be rendered safe and stable without
potentially affecting offsite improvements. Excavated footings shall be inspected,
verified and certified by soils engineer prior to steel and concrete placement to
ensure their sufficient embedment and proper bearing. Structural backfill shall be
placed under direct observation and testing.
5.5.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with geologic hazards
to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating geology
and soils have been identified.
eB
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.5-41
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.5-42 . The Planning Center
,.
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.6 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
This section of the EIR evaluates the safety hazards in the City of San Bernardino and its Sphere of Influence
(SOl), including environmental hazards associated with hazardous waste disposal and emergency
preparedness. Background information on safety hazards provides a basis for the siting of land uses that
would reduce unreasonable risks and protect public health and welfare. Various Federal and State programs
that regulate the use, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials are also discussed in this section.
The analysis in this section is based in part on the following technical report(s):
. City of San Bernardino General Plan EIR, Chapter 4.4.3 Hazardous Materials/Uses. City of San
Bernardino. 1988.
. City of San Bernardino General Plan Update Technical Background Report, Chapter 5, Hazards,
Envicom Corporation, February 1988.
. Phase I Environmental Assessment for Arrowhead Springs, The Planning Center, March 28, 2005
A complete copy of the Phase I Assessment is included in the Technical Appendices to this Draft EIR
(Volume III, Appendix E).
5.6.1
Environmental Setting
Regulatory Background
Various Federal and State programs regulate the use, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials.
Regulations can be used to reduce or mitigate the danger that hazardous substances may pose to San
Bernardino residents, businesses, and visitors, both in normal day-to-day conditions and as a result of a
regional disaster, such as an earthquake or major flood. Several of the existing Federal and State programs
are summarized in the following paragraphs.
eB
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) is a
regulatory or statute law developed to protect the water, air, and land resources from the risks created by
past chemical disposal practices. This act is also referred to as the Superfund Act and contains the National
Priority List (NPL) of sites, which are referred to as Superfund sites.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA)
The primary purpose of the Federal Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) of
1986 is to inform communities and citizens of chemical hazards in their areas. Sections 311 and 312 of
EPCRA require businesses to report the locations and quantities of chemicals stored on-site to state and
local agencies. These reports help communities prepare to respond to chemical spills and similar
emergencies.
The EPA maintains and publishes a database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other
waste management activities that are reported annually by certain industry groups and federal facilities. The
database is referred to as the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), and it was first established under the EPCRA
and expanded by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. EPCRA has allowed for the mandate that Toxic
Release Inventory (TRI) reports be made public. TRI reports provide accurate information about potentially
hazardous chemicals and their uses in an attempt to give the community more power to hold companies
accountable and to make informed decisions about how such chemicals should be managed.
Genera! Plan Update and ASJociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.6-1
5. Environmental Analysis
-
Section 3131 of EPCRA requires manufacturers to report releases to the environment of more than 600
designated toxic chemicals. These reports are submitted to the EPA and State agencies. The EPA compiles
these data into an on-line, publicly available national digital TRI. The facilities are required to report on
releases of toxic chemicals to the air, soil, and water. They are also required to report on off-site transfers of
waste for treatment or disposal at separate facilities. Pollution prevention measures and activities and
chemical recycling must also be reported.
...
-
Reporting by facilities is based on the following factors:
-
· If the facility has 10 or more full-time employees;
· If the facility manufactures or processes over 25,000 pounds of approximately 600 designated
chemicals, or 28 chemical categories specified in the regulations, or uses more than 10,000 pounds
of any designated chemical or category; and
-
llIIIM
· Engages in certain manufacturing operation in the industry groups specified in the U.S. Government
Standard Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) 20 through 39; or
· If the facility is a Federal facility.
Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal Federal law that regulates the
generation, management and transportation of waste materials. Hazardous waste management includes the
treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste. Treatment is defined as any process that changes the
physical, chemical, or biological character of the waste to make it less of an environmental threat. Treatment
can include neutralizing the waste, recovering energy or material resources from the waste, rendering the
waste less hazardous, or making the waste safer to transport, dispose of, or store. Storage is the holding of
waste for a temporary period of time. The waste is treated, disposed of, or stored at a different facility at the
end of the storage period. Disposal is the permanent placement of the waste into or on the land. Disposal
facilities are usually designed to contain the waste permanently and to prevent the release of harmful
pollutants to the environment.
-
J!i'I'"
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San Bernardino County is a member of the Southern California Hazardous Waste Management Authority
(SCHWMA), and works on regional level to solve hazardous waste problems. The Hazardous Materials
Division (HMO) of the San Bernardino County Fire Department is designated by the State Secretary for
Environmental Protection as the Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) for the County of San Bernardino
in order to focus the management of specific environmental programs at the local government level to
address the disposal, handling, processing, storage and treatment of local hazardous materials and waste
products.
-
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has defined hazardous waste as substances that
may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or
incapacitating reversible illness; that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the
environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed; and whose
characteristics can be measured by a standardized test or reasonably detected by generators of solid waste
through their knowledge of their waste. Hazardous waste is also ignitable, corrosive, or explosive. A material
may also be classified as hazardous if it contains defined amounts of toxic chemicals. The EPA has
developed a list of specific hazardous wastes that are in the forms of solids, semi-solids, liquids, and gases.
Producers of such wastes include private businesses, federal, state, and local government agencies.
~
,,",'
The California Code of Regulations, Title 22 defines hazardous materials as substances that are toxic,
ignitable or flammable, reactive, and/or corrosive. The code also defines an extremely hazardous material as
Page 5.6-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
"""'.
5. Environmental Analysis
a substance that shows high acute or chronic toxicity, carcinogenity, bioaccumulative properties, is
persistent in the environment, or is water reactive.
Many different types of businesses can be producers of hazardous waste. Small businesses like dry
cleaners, auto repair shops, medical facilities or hospitals, photo processing centers, and metal plating
shops are usually generators of small quantities of hazardous waste. The EPA defines a small quantity
generator as a facility that produces between 100 and 1,000 kilograms (kg) of hazardous waste per month.
Since many of these facilities are small, start-up businesses that come and go, the list of small-quantity
generators in a particular area changes significantly over time. Often, a facility remains, but the name of the
business changes with new ownership.
Generators of large quantities of hazardous waste include chemical manufacturers, large electroplating
facilities, and petroleum refineries. A large quantity generator is a facility that produces over 1 ,000 Kg of
hazardous waste per month and is fully regulated under RCRA. EPA lists of hazardous waste generators
changes yearly and updated information may be obtained from the San Bernardino County Department of
Public Health or the EPA.
Hazardous Materials Disclosure Programs
Both the Federal government (Code of Federal Regulations, EPA, SARA and Title III) and the State of
California (California State Health and Safety Code, Division 20, Chapter 6.95, Sections 25500-25520;
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Chapter 2, Sub-Chapter 3, Article 4, Sections 2729-2734) require all
businesses that handle more than a specified amount of hazardous materials or extremely hazardous
materials, termed a reporting quantity, to submit a Hazardous Materials Business Plan to its local CUPA.
~
According to the San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO guidelines, the preparation, submittal and
implementation of a business plan is required by any business that handles a hazardous material or a
mixture containing a hazardous material in quantities equal to, or greater than, those outlined below:
. Any business that uses, generates, processes, produces, treats, stores, emits, or discharges a
hazardous material in quantities at or exceeding 55 gallons, 500 pounds, or 200 cubic feet
(compressed gas) at anyone time in the course of a year.
. All hazardous waste generators, regardless of quantity generated.
. Any business that handles, stores, or uses Category I or II pesticides, as defined by FIFRA,
regardless of amount.
. Any business that handles DOT Hazard Class 1 (explosives, found in 49 CFR) regardless of amount,
. Any business that handles extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) in quantities exceeding the
''Threshold Planning Quantity" (T.P.Q.). Extremely Hazardous Substances are designated pursuant
to the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act Section 302, and are listed in 40 CFR
Part 355. See Appendix B of this guide for an alphabetical list of EHSs.
. Any business subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), also
known as SARA Title III. Generally EPCRA includes facilities that handle hazardous substances
above 10,000 Ibs. or extremely hazardous substances above threshold planning quantities. There
are some exceptions, including retail gas stations with up to 75,000 gallons of gasoline or 100,000
gallons of diesel fuel in Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) that meet the 1998 upgrade
requirements. To get more information on EPCRA requirements call 1-800-424-9346. Due to State
disclosure consolidation laws, Tier II forms need not be submitted to the various State and Federal
agencies. Submission of your Business Ernergency/ Contingency Plan will meet this requirement.
General Plan Update and ASJOciated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-3
5. Environmental Analysis
However, EPCRA does require full annual inventory submission rather than a certification statement
each March 1 . Also EPCRA facilities are bound by the trade secret limitations of EPCRA and must
sign every page of inventory.
· Any business that handles radioactive material that is listed in Appendix B of Chapter 1 of 10 CFR.
\fi;f/;
Businesses are required to update their business plan to the San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO
by March 1 of every year. The entire business plan must be reviewed and re-certified every 3 years. In
addition, the plan must be revised within 30 days of change of: owner; business address; business name;
emergency contact information, inventory, or other site conditions which may significantly impact emergency
response. Any mid-year revision must at minimum include a letter of explanation, the Cover Sheet, the
Activities Page, the Business Owner/Operator Identification Page, and any other information that has
changed.
-
Business plans must include an inventory to certify the hazardous materials at the facility. If no changes have
been made to an inventory, a written certification will suffice for an update. However, if changes have been
made, those changes must be submitted to the San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO. Businesses
are required to review their business plan at least once every three years to determine if a revision is
necessary. They must certify in writing to the San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO that a review was
conducted and all necessary changes were made. A copy of all changes must be submitted as part of the
certification. Also, business plans are required to include emergency response plans and procedures to be
used in the event of a significant or threatened significant release of a hazardous material. These plans also
need to identify the procedures to follow for immediate notification to all appropriate agencies and personnel
of a release, identification of local emergency medical assistance appropriate for potential accident
scenarios, contact information for all company emergency coordinators of the business, a listing and
location of emergency equipment at the business, an evacuation plan, and a training program for business
personnel.
Business plans are to be used by responding agencies, such as the San Bernardino County Fire Department
HMO, during a release to allow for a quick and accurate evaluation of each situation for appropriate
response. The San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO currently reviews submitted business plans and
updates. Businesses that handle hazardous materials are required by law to provide an immediate verbal
report of any release or threatened release of hazardous materials if there is a reasonable belief that the
release or threatened release poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety,
property or the environment. Any business that violates any provision of the Business Emergency Plan shall
be civilly liable in an amount of not more than two thousand dollars ($2,000) for each day of the violation.
Any business that knowingly and willfully violates any provision of the Business Emergency Plan shall be
civilly liable in an amount not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000) for each day of the violation. Any
person who willfully prevents, interferes with, or attempts to impede the enforcement of this chapter by any
authorized representative of an Administering Agency is, upon conviction, guilty of a misdemeanor (CHSC,
Section 25515.1). If the violation results in, or significantly contributes to an emergency, including a fire to
which the county and/or city is required to respond, the person(s) shall also be assessed the full cost of the
county and/or city emergency response as well as the cost of clean up and disposal.
-
....
...-
......
The San Bernardino County Fire Department HMO is charged with the responsibility of conducting compli-
ance inspections of regulated facilities in San Bernardino County. Regulated facilities are those that handle
hazardous materials, generate or treat a hazardous waste and/or operate an underground storage tank.
Specialists are assigned countywide to address the wide variety of complex issues associated with
hazardous substances. All new installations of underground storage tanks require an inspection, along with
the removal, under strict chain-of-custody protocol, of the old tanks.
....
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Page 5.6-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Hazardous Materials Incident Response
Thousands of different chemicals are available today, each with unique physical characteristics. What might
be an acceptable mitigation practice for one chemical could be inadequate for another. Therefore, it is
essential that agencies responding to a hazardous material release have as much available information as
possible regarding the type of chemical released, the amount released, and its physical properties to
effectively and quickly evaluate and contain the release. The EPA-required business plans are an excellent
resource for this type of information. Other sources of information are knowledgeable facility employees who
are present onsite.
In 1986, Congress passed the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Title III of this
legislation requires that each community establish a Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) that is
responsible for developing an emergency plan for preparing for and responding to chemical emergencies in
that community.
This emergency plan must include the following:
. An identification of local facilities and transportation routes where hazardous material are
present.
. The procedures for immediate response in case of an accident (this must include a community-
wide evacuation plan).
. A plan for notifying the community that an incident has occurred.
. The names of response coordinators at local facilities.
. A plan for conducting exercises to test the plan.
~
The plan is reviewed by the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and publicized throughout the
community. The LEPC is required to review, test, and update the plan each year.
The San Bernardino County Fire Department HMD is responsible for coordinating hazardous material and
disaster preparedness planning and appropriate response efforts with city departments, as well as local and
state agencies. The goal is to improve public and private sector readiness, and to mitigate local impacts
resulting from natural or man-made emergencies. The Office of Emergency Services is a branch of the San
Bernardino County Fire Department that deals with the planning for and response to the natural and techno-
logical disasters in the City of San Bernardino, while the Hazardous Materials Division of the San Bernardino
County Fire Department deals with the hazardous materials coordination and inspection in the City.
Hazardous Material Spill/Release Notification Guidance
All significant spills, releases, or threatened releases of hazardous materials must be immediately reported.
Federal and State emergency notification is required for all significant releases of hazardous materials (e.g.,
location, date and time of spill, release or threatened release, substance and quantity involved, time and
duration of the release). Requirements for immediate notification of all significant spills or threatened releases
cover: Owners, Operators, Persons in Charge, and Employers. Notification is required regarding significant
releases from facilities, vehicles, vessels, pipelines and railroads. Many State statutes require emergency
notification of a hazardous chemical release. These statutes include:
. Health and Safety Codes ~25270.7, 25270.8, and 25507.
. Vehicle Code ~23112.5.
. Public Utilities Code ~7673, (PUC General Orders #22-B, 161).
. Government Code ~51 018, 8670.25.5 (a).
. Water Codes ~13271, 13272.
. California Labor Code ~6409.1 (b)10.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-5
5. Environmental Analysis
In addition, all releases that result in injuries, or workers harmfully exposed, must be immediately reported to
California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (CaI!OSHA) (California Labor Code 96409.1 (b}).
For additional reporting requirements, also refer to the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of
1986, better known as Proposition 65, and 99030 of the California Labor Code.
.'"
-
The California Accidental Release Prevention Program (CaIARP) became effective on January 1, 1997 in
response to Senate Bill 1889. The CalARP replaced the California Risk Management and Prevention Program
(RMPP). Under the CaIARP, the Governor's Office of Emergency Services (OES) must adopt implementing
regulations and seek delegation of the program from the EPA. The CalARP aims to be proactive and
therefore requires businesses to prepare Risk Management Plans (RMPs), which are detailed engineering
analyses of the potential accident factors present at a business, and the mitigation measures that can be
implemented to reduce this accident potential. In most cases, local governments will have the lead role for
working directly with businesses in this program. The County of San Bernardino Fire Department is
designated as the Administering Agency for hazardous materials for the City of San Bernardino.
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IIM"
.....
5.6.1.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
Hazardous Waste Collection Centers
......
In the City of San Bernardino, there are approved hazardous waste management companies which offer
managing services to other companies for the treatment, disposal or storage of hazardous material. These
companies have either received a permit or have been granted interim status by the Sate of California
pending review ofthe facilities for compliance with federal and state regulations. According to the California
Department of Toxic Substances Control, there are no commercial hazardous waste permitted Recycling,
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) that accept offsite waste and perform treatment and/or
disposal in the City of San Bernardino.
In San Bernardino, household hazardous waste such as used motor oil, paints is collected at the San
Bernardino Collection Center located at 2824 East W., Street in San Bernardino.
'"~
The San Bernardino County provides specific locations to take all CRT's (cathode ray tube) from televisions,
and computer monitors, or any other electronic equipment to insure proper disposal of such harmful waste
for local community residents. Table 5.6-1 lists the CRT recyclers located within the County.
.'
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Table 5.6-1
at 0 e Ray Tu e Materials Recyclers in San Bernardino County
Distance Irom the
Company Location City (Miles)
A-1 Recycling 10651 "En Avenue, Hesperia 38
American Metal Recycling 11150 Redwood Avenue, Fontana 18
Earth Protection Services, Inc. 2821 East Philadelphia Avenue, Ontario 26
Extreme Dream 15180 Euclid Avenue, Chino 33
Filter Recycling Services 180 West Monte Avenue, Rialto 11
Lighting Resources, Inc. 805 East Francis Street, Ontario 29
San Bernardino County Waste Management Corp Yard South Lot, 900 South, Barstow 67
Town of Apple Valley 22411 Highway 18, Apple Valley 47
TrueCycle 14749 Hesperia Road, Victorville 38
West Valley MRF, LLC 13373 Napa Street, Fontana 20
C h d b
...
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Source: Department of TOXIC Substances Control. Managing Hazardous Waste. CRT Matenals Recyclers In San Bernardino County. Obtained March
2005 from http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/CRT Recyclers/county Iist.cfm
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Page 5.6-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
.....
5. Environmental Analysis
Hazardous Waste Transporters
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations govern all means of transportation, except for
those packages shipped by mail, which are covered by US Postal Service regulations. Under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
standards for transporters of hazardous waste and the State of California regulates the transportation of
hazardous waste in California originating in the state and passing through the state. Also, all hazardous
waste transporters must be registered with the state Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) and
meet operating requirements. Senate Bill 489 of 2002 requires that transporters and facilities who handle
HWC to submit Disclosure Statements with fingerprints to DTSC for review and to immediately report of
missing hazardous wastes of concern. Additionally, the California Highway Patrol and the California
Department of Transportation have primary responsibility for enforcing federal and state regulations and
responding to hazardous materials transportation emergencies. Table 5.6-2, below is a list of registered
hazardous material transporter in the planning area, registered in 2005.
Table 5.6-2
Hazardous Waste Transporters in the City of San Bernardino
Registered within the DTSC
Company Location
Golden State Environmental Se/Vices Inc. 1497 South Gage Street
ECTI 953 West Reece Street
Brickley Environmental 957 West Reece Street
San Bernardino County Fire Department 2824 East "W" Street
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. 740 East Carnegie Drive
San Bernardino City Unified School District 956 West 9th Street
Haz Mat Trans, Inc. 230 East Dumas Street
~
Source: Department of Toxic Substances Control. Registered Hazardous Waste Transporter Database. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/Hazardous Waste/TRANSR CH02. CFM
Hazardous Materials Incidence Response Along Transportation Routes
Three major interstates--1-215, 1-210, and 1-10-cross the San Bernardino planning area. Interstate 215
traverses north-south through the western portion of the City, Interstate 210 transverses east-west through
the north-central portion of the City, and Interstate 10 transverses east-west through the southernmost
portion of the City. In addition to these major interstates, State Route 330 transverse north-south through the
northeastern portion of the City and State Route 18 begins at the northern tip of San Bernardino. Major rail
lines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Rail (BNSF) lines also travel through the City. Both the interstate
roadways and the railroad lines are used to transport hazardous materials, posing a potential for spills or
leaks from non-stationary sources to occur within the area. Trucks and trains carrying hazardous materials
are required to have placards that indicate at a glance the chemicals being carried, and whether or not they
are corrosive, flammable or explosive. Train conductors are required to carry detailed "material data sheets"
for each of the substances on board. These documents are designed to help emergency response
personnel assess the situation immediately upon arrival at the scene of an accident, and take the appropriate
precautionary and mitigation measures. The California Highway Patrol is in charge of spills that occur in or
along freeways, with the California Department of Transportation, and local sheriffs and fire departments
responsible for providing additional enforcement and routing assistance.
While train derailment can occur at anytime, it is during an earthquake that a derailment and hazardous
materials release would result in the greatest impact. According to the California Public Utilities Commission
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.6-7
..'
5. Environmental Analysis
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(1994), it is standard operating procedure to stop all trains within one hundred miles of the epicenter of a
magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquake.
Hazardous Materials Release as a Result of an Earthquake
.,
-
Earthquakes have the potential to cause the accidental release of hazardous materials. It is much more
difficult to manage a hazardous materials spill in the aftermath of an earthquake than under non-earthquake
conditions. Hazardous material response teams responding to a release as a result of an earthquake have to
deal with potential structural and non-structural problems of the buildings housing the hazardous materials,
potential leaks of natural gas from ruptured pipes, and/or downed electrical lines or equipment that could
create sparks and cause a fire. When two hazards with potentially high negative consequences intersect, the
challenges of managing each are greatly increased. During an earthquake response, hazardous material
emergencies become an additional threat that must be integrated into the response management system.
-
..~
Superfund, Hazardous Waste, and Toxic Release Inventory Sites
Superfund is a program administered by the EPA to locate, investigate, and clean up the worst hazardous
waste sites throughout the United States. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Information System (CERCLlS) list maintained by the EPA contains information on hazardous waste
sites, potential hazardous waste sites, and remedial activities across the nation Table 5.6-3 lists sites within
the City of San Bernardino on the CERCLlS list. The database includes sites that are on the National
Priorities List (NPL) or being considered for the NPL. Two sites within or near to the City of San Bernardino
are located on the NPL List and are designated Superfund Sites: the Norton Air Force Base and the
Newmark Groundwater Contamination site.
...'
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....
Table 5.6-3
CERCLlS S.t . th C.t f S B d"
I esm e try 0 an ernar mo
Company Location
Hanford Foundry Company 119 South Arrowhead
Camp Ono 215 North of University Parkway and Cajon Boulevard
Flintkote Asbestos San Bemardino' (Site location not identified)
Lawrence E McConnehey/ Trojan Plating, Inc. 268 & 236 South Mountain View Avenue
Phil's Charbroil Burgers 835 East 3rd Street
Quality Plating Inc. 456 South "I" Street
Southwest Metal Co. 740 Congress Street
".,," .:".J-L. T '.' . ,
,....,
_.
....
Qn:l!!~ NPL
Newmark Groundwater Contamination Sije
U.S. Air Force - Norton 305 South Tippecanoe Avenue
Source: Environmental Protection Agency. Superfund (CERCLlS) Database. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/htmVcerclis/cerclisquery.html
....
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Landfills
The City of San Bernardino has no active landfills. However, the County of San Bernardino Department of
Public Works Waste Management Division operates the San Timoteo Landfill in the City of Redlands, to the
southeast of the City and the Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill to the west of the City. The San Timoteo landfill
accepts 1,000 tons per day and has an estimated capacity of 14,800,000 cubic yards. The Mid-Valley
Sanitary Landfill is located in the City of Rialto. The Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill accepts 7,500 tons per day of
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Page 5.6-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
..
5. Environmental Analysis
solid waste and has an estimated capacity of 62,000,000 cubic yards 1 (see Section 5.15 for discussion of
solid waste impacts).
Norton Air Force Base
According to EPA data, the former Norton Air Force Base (AFB) is a designated superfund site located within
the eastern portion of the City of San Bernardino. The 2,165-acre Norton Air Force Base site began
operations in 1942 and served as a major overhaul center for jet engines and the general repair of aircraft.
The site had the responsibility of providing maintenance and logistics for liquid-fuel intercontinental ballistic
missiles. In 1987, the EPA added this site to the NPL noting soil contaminants that include polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB), trichloroethylene (TCE), petroleum hydrocarbons, lead and other toxic metals, and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Norton AFB was closed in 1994 under the Base Realignment and Closure
Act.
Past hazardous waste management practices may have contributed to existing contamination problems
throughout the base. The practices include burial of drums and other unspecified materials; disposal of
waste oils, solvents, and paint residues into landfills, unlined pits, ponds, and drying beds; storage in leaking
underground tanks; and spills of AVGAS, oils, solvents, PCBs, and acidic plating solutions. Industrial
solvents have been used extensively on the base. Unknown quantities of spent solvents were disposed of in
several base landfills.
The Norton AFB plume stretches 2% miles long and contaminates 100,000 acre-feet of groundwater.
Groundwater contamination has affected several municipal drinking water wells. November 1986, the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order requiring Norton
AFB to clean up one on-base area, the Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant Sludge Drying Beds. Phase 11-
Stage 2 of the IRP was completed in December 1986. More than 22 areas have been identified to date.
Additional areas will be studied in Stage 3. Within the boundaries of this Federal facility, there are areas
subject to the Subtitle C corrective action authorities of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The Air Force continues to operate a groundwater pump and treatment system and 17 of the 22
contaminated sites at the facility have become non-hazardous.
~
A Draft Action Memorandum released in August of 2003 calls for Installation Restoration Program (IRP) on
Sites 10 to 12 to remove contaminated soil at the former Norton AFB. The cleanup was scheduled to being in
late 2003 to remove dioxin contaminated soil at IRP Site 10 that is on the south side of the Palm Meadows
Golf Course along the Santa Ana River wash and remove metal-contaminated soil at Site 12, on the east end
of the golf course. The Action Memorandum explains that approximately 19,000 cubic yards of soil,
impacting approximately 6 acres, will be removed and disposed of off-site at an approved facility.
Surface and Subsurface Groundwater Contamination
The San Bernardino Bunker Hill Sub-basin in the Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin, which is
bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains to the north and the San Bernardino Mountains to the east, shows
contamination from TCE and PCE above acceptable California State Action levels of five parts per billion
(ppb) for TCE and four ppb for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) (also known as perchloroethylene or PERC).
Nitrates have also been identified at the site in concentrations above State action levels for nitrates of 45
parts per million (ppm).
1 California Integrated Waste Management Board. Active Landfills Profile for San Timoteo Sanitary Landfill (36-AA-D08?).
Capacity information. 2000.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.6-9
5. Environmental Analysis
...
Groundwater Contamination Clean-Up Sites (Cortese List)
-
The Cortese list database identifies hazardous waste sites selected for remedial action and UST properties
having a reportable release and is maintained by the EPA/Office of Emergency Information. According to the
California Department ofToxic Substances Control-Site Clean-Up there are two sites in the planning area for
remedial clean up on the Cortese list: the former Norton Air Force Base is a 2,208 acres site southeast of the
planning area and the Newmark Groundwater Contamination site in the northern portion of the Bunker Hill
Ground Water Basin2.
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..,
Newmark Groundwater Contamination
The Newmark Groundwater Contamination site underlies portion of the planning area with two groundwater
plumes on either side of Shandin Hills. Newmark Plume area stretches to 5 miles on the east side of Shandin
Hills and on the west side lies the Muscoy Plume area, extending for 4 miles north. Contaminants found in
these plumes include chlorinated solvents, PCE and TCE, resulting in the closing of 20 water supply wells
within a 6-mile radius. The Newmark Groundwater Contamination Site was listed on the NPL in 1989. The
City Municipal Water Department under contract to the U.S. EPA, brought 12 of the wells back into operation
by installing air stripping towers on eight wells and carbon filtration systems on the other four.
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...
For the Newmark Plume Area, a remedy was chosen in 1993 to pump and treat about 18 million gallons of
contaminated water per day. This would prevent additional contaminants from entering this part of the valley.
The Muscoy Plume Area was dividend into two projects: the Muscoy Plume that would control the spread of
contamination into clean area, and the Source Project that would address final cleanup of the source of
contamination. The water from both plumes would be treated by conventional activated carbon adsorption
technology to meet all drinking water standards. The treated water will be delivered to the local municipal
water departments, which will bear the majority of the operating costs. While no immediate actions were
required at the Newmark Groundwater Contamination site, the San Bernardino Municipal Water Department
has constructed and operated four wellhead treatment systems to ensure the safety of the public water
supply.
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Underground Storage Tanks
Federal laws and regulations relating to underground storage tanks used to store hazardous materials
(including petroleum products) require that underground storage tank owners and operators register their
tanks with EPA or delegated agencies. Federal regulations also require extensive remodeling and upgrading
of underground storage tanks, including installation of leak detections systems. Tank removal and testing
procedures are also specified.
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State laws relating to underground storage tanks include permitting, monitoring, closure, and cleanup
requirements. Regulations set forth construction and monitoring standards, monitoring standards for existing
tanks, release reporting requirements, and closure requirements. Old tanks must eventually be replaced. All
new tanks must be double-walled, with an interstitial monitoring device to detect leaks. All soil and ground-
water contamination must be cleaned up. The Hazardous Materials Division of the San Bernardino County
Fire Department is the local agency designated to permit and inspect underground storage tanks and to
implement related regulations (Section 103.3.1.1 of the California Fire Code). This would ensure that
hazardous substances stored in underground tanks are not released into groundwater and/or the
environment. Specialists inspect underground storage tanks (USTs), monitoring equipment, and inventory
records of UST systems to ensure that the systems comply with applicable laws and regulations.
"""~
2 Department of Toxic Substances Control. DTSC's Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List (Cortese List), San
Bernardino County. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/Calsites/Cortese _ List.cfm?county=36
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Page 5.6-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
.'
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.6-4 lists facilities in the City of San Bernardino that have underground storage tanks.
Table 5.6-4
Facilities with Underaround Storage Tanks in San Bernardino
Company Location Company Location
Food N Fuel #28* 3404 Del Rosa Avenue Omnitrans Para Transit 234 S. "I" Street
Mobil Oil 18-HQ 1 * 2742 Del Rosa Avenue San Shell* 907 W. Mill Street
Del Rosa Shell Service * 2886 Del Rosa Avenue Southern California Gas Co. 155 S. "G" Street
007183*
Tosco SS #30806-5128* 2735 Del Rosa Avenue ARCO 2696 Foothill Boulevard
Circle K #5239 2734 Del Rosa Avenue UNOCAL 76 799 W. Baseline Street
Victoria Guernsey #1 133 E. 40th St K&S Enterprise* 296 E. Baseline Street
Saint Bernardino Medical 2101 N. Waterman Avenue Lanndo, Larry* 147 E. Baseline Street
Center
Merit Oil Co. 2601 Del Rosa Avenue Food N Fuel* 1055 N. Waterman Avenue
Verizon San Bernardino 1796 N. "I" Street Merit Oil Co. 1405 W. Rialto Avenue
Highland Shell* 1108 W. Highland Avenue Circle K #5249 105 S. Pepper Avenue
ARCO Facility #9698* 995 W. Highland Avenue Roesch Lines, Inc 844 E. 9th Street
Srnog Pros/ARCO #5049* 189 W. Highland Avenue G&M Oil Co., Inc #67* 187 N. "F" Street
Verizon/Marshall Co. 3116 N. "E" Street East Valley Water District 1155 Del Rosa Avenue
T osco SS #5193* 3003 N. "E" Street A C Byers Trucking 767 W. Congress Street
Choice Automotive 1292 N. "H" Street ARCO Petroleum #6227 702 W. 2nd Street
Circle K #5240 3008 N. "E" Street ARCO Petroleum #5266* 794 W. Baseline Street
ARCO #9254 3296 N. "E" Street ARCO Petroleum #5082* 605 N. "H" Street
Auto Lab & Fuel* 847 W. Highland Avenue Verizon/San Bernardino 665 N. "E" Street
Verizon/Muscoy Co. * 3388 Cajon Boulevard HIEP THANH Market 337 E. 9th Street
Cal Mat Co 2400 W. Highland Avenue J. Hubbs & Sons/7th St. Dump West end of 7th Street
ARCO Facility #9524 2087 W. Highland Avenue 4th St. Rock Crusher* 1945 W. 4th Street
McLane Southern California 4472 Georgia Boulevard Community Hospital! San 1805 Medical Center Drive
Inc Bernardino
Payless Gasoline* 795 W. 40th Street C-Star Service Station 1545 W. 5th Street
Devore Mini Mart 1670 Devore Road SC-San Bernardino City USD 956 W. 9th Street
Fitch, Elan 3199 North State Street State of California Highway 2211 Western Avenue
Patrol
Met Gasoline Service* 1030 Kendall Drive R.H. Ballard Rehab Hospital 1760 W. 16th Street
Seven-11 #2131-26934 3211 Kendall Drive Arrowhead SP CH/Conference 24600 Arrowhead Springs
Center Road
University Shell 3909 Hallmark Parkway United Oil #36* 235 E. Baseline Street
Econo Lube N Tube 1685 Kendall Drive CO-Vehicle Service 210 N. Lena Road
MJ's Market 2795 N. Macy Street CO-San Bernardino/Gilbert St. 670 E. Gilbert
Office
North End AM-PM 5985 Palm Avenue Mobile 3225 Little League Drive
SC-Child Nutrition Center 1257 Northpark Boulevard SAAB's Ultramart 1933 W. Highland Avenue
Jack's Disposal Service, Inc. 5455 Industrial Avenue Charter Leasing Co. 265 W. Mill Street
ARCO AM-PM #81430 1677 Devore Road Bonadiman McCain, Inc. 280 S. Lena Road
ELCO Contractors 1995 Nolan Street Armored Transport of 372 S. Arrowhead Road
California*
ARCO AM-PM #5887 3890 University Parkway City Water Reclamation Facility 399 Chandler Place
G&M #76 4095 University Parkway Waterman Shell* 1930 S. Waterman Avenue
City of San Bernardino 4294 University Parkway TOSCO SS #30776-4975* 1950 S. Waterman Avenue
Central Garage
Econo Lube & Tube #65* 182 S. Sierra Way Food N Fuel #24 * 2649 S. Waterman Avenue
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-11
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5. Environmental Analysis
..
Table 5.6-4
Facilities with Underground Stora e Tanks in San Bernardino
Company Location Company Location
Ford Wholesale Co. 222S E. Club Center Drive ARCO Facility #9715* 1945 S. Tippecanoe Avenue
Orange Show Service Center 1470 S. Tippecanoe Avenue Mountainview Power CO LLC* 25770 San Bemardino Avenue
Circle K #8641* 520 W. Orange Show Road ARCO #5214* 305 E. Redlands Avenue
San Bem. Fire Station #11 295 S. Waterman Avenue Walde's Enterprises Inc. 1707 Riverview Drive
Wonder Bread/Hostess Cake 450 E. Vanderbilt Way Harber Companies Inc. 1880 Riverview Drive
State Califomia Highway Patrol 125 W. Mill Street Orange Shell* 505 W. Orange Show Road
City Water DepartmenVEST Lift 847 E. Brier Drive G & M Oil Co, Inc. #47* 501 Inland Center Drive
Verizon Norton Co. 1302 S. "E" Street ARCO Petroleum #5267* 495 S. Waterman Avenue
Costco 1505 E. Enterprise Drive AT&T Toll Building 455 W. 2nd Street
M&M Automotive 1099 E. Hospitality Lane City Water DepartmentYard* 195 N. "0" Street
State Consolidated Offices 464 W. 4~ Street ARCO Facility #9696* 247 E. 40~ Street
Building
Chevron 4304 Highland Avenue
Wildwood Shell* 295 E. 40~ Street
Source: Califomia Stale Water Quality Control Board. Underground Storage Tank Program.. Geotracker. March 29. 2005 Obtained from
hltp:/lwww.geotracker.swrcb.ca.gov/dala/ Note: This data is undergoing data cleanup and may contain errors.
*Also listed on inventory of leaking underground fuel tanks but name of owner may have changed (see below).
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Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUSTs)
Leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs) have been recognized since the early 1980s as the primary
cause of groundwater contamination by gasoline compounds and solvents. In California, regulations aimed
at protecting against UST leaks have been in place since 1983, one year before the Federal RCRA was
amended to add Subtitle I requiring UST systems to be installed in accordance with standards that address
the prevention of future leaks. The Federal regulations are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, parts
280-281. The State law and regulations are found in the California Health and Safety Code, Division 20,
Chapter 6.7, and in the California Code of Regulations Title 23, Division 3, Chapter 16, commonly referred to
as the "Underground Tank Regulations." Federal and state programs include leak reporting and investigation
regulations, and standards for clean up and remediation. UST cleanup programs are available to fund the
remediation of contaminated soil and ground water caused by leaking tanks. California's program is more
stringent than the Federal program, requiring that all tanks be double walled, and prohibiting gasoline
delivery to non-compliant tanks. The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) has been designated
the lead regulatory agency in the development of UST regulations and policy.
pp
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Older tanks are typically single-walled steel tanks. Many of these have leaked as a result of corrosion and
detached fittings. As a result, the State of California required the replacement of older tanks with new double-
walled, fiberglass tanks with flexible connections and monitoring systems. UST owners were given a ten-year
period to comply with the new requirements, and the deadline carne due on December 22, 1998. However,
many UST owners did not act by the deadline, so the State granted an extension for the Replacement of
Underground Storage Tanks (RUST) program to January 1,2002. To enforce these requirements after this
program ended in 2002, the State Water Resource Control Board (WRCB) implemented "Red Tag"
regulations, effective June 12, 2004, which resulted in changes to Title 23 of the California Code of
Regulations. The Red Tag regulations created by the State WRCB define significant violations of USTs and
violations that are an imminent threat to health or safety of the environment. To implement this program the
State WRCB created the UST Enforcement Unit to support both the leak prevention and cleanup side of the
UST program by investigation fraud and violations of UST laws and regulations. Local agencies, such as the
local RWQCB, have enforcement authority to red tag USTs if they fail to correct the violation within 7
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Page 5.6-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
business days. Underground storage tanks that are red tagged are prevented from being filled with
petroleum.
Leaking Underground Fuel Tanks (LUFTs)
The California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB), in cooperation with the Office of
Emergency Services (OES), maintains an inventory of leaking underground fuel tanks (LUFTs) in a statewide
database. Table 5.6-5 lists facilities within the City of San Bernardino which have leaking underground fuel
tanks.
Table 5.6-5
F "I"
k" U
"h
aCI itles Wit Lea mg nderground Fuel Tanks(LUFTs) in San Bernardino
Name Location Name Location
Ranger Unit Headquarters 3800 Sierra Way Vista Manufacturing Company 1 087 9th Street
U.S. Post Office 1341 T' Street Chevron 3197 "E" Street
Mobil #18.ELG 296 Baseline Street 7 -UP Bottling Company 1400 "W Street
San Bernardino Pipe and 939 Inland Center Drive Unocal #0404 487 Highland Avenue
Supply
Future Police State 700 "0" Street Thrifty Oil #326 1208 Mount Vernon Avenue
Von Steenwyk Property 1008 Highland Avenue Unocal #6968 187 "F" Street
Shell SelVice Station 505 Orange Show Road Norton AFB Bldg 762 Leland Norton Way 17th)
Allen Property 895 2nd Street Inco SelVice Station 796 5th Street
U-Haul Center of Central City 110 "0" Street Norton AFB Bldg. 749 Paul Villasenor Boulevard
Shell #10359 10359 Tippecanoe Avenue Curran Rubbish Disposal 549 San Jacinto Street
Mobil #18-ARM 807 Mill Street Equilon/Enterprises Shell 1973 Tippecanoe Boulevard
Norton AFB Bldg 736 George Webster Drive ("B" St) EXXON SelVice Station #3506 1998 Highland Avenue
Gas Station (Former Muffler 108 3fd Street Norton AFB Bldg. 226 106th Street
Shop)
Iskandar Texaco 24914 5th Street Industrial Asphalt 2340 Highland Avenue
Alta Dena Dairy 341 Mount Vernon Avenue California Department of 247 3fd Street
Transportation Garage
TFI Appliance SelVice 941 Inland Center Drive Viking Tire 747 Rialto Avenue
Firestone Store (BFS 677 W. 4th Street Fargo Station 255 5th Street
#180513)
One Day Paint & Body 288 "E" Street ARCO #6365 . AM/PM 2898 Rialto Avenue
Minirnart
Caltrans Panorama Hwy 18, Milepost 15.84 San Bernardino Company 825 3'd Street
Pt..Maint. St. Vehicle SelVice
Merit Oil Co. 1405 Rialto Avenue Gallagher Beauty & Barber 190 Arrowhead Avenue
Supply
Charter Leasing 265 Mill Street Ornnitrans 1700 5th Street
Support SelVices Building 1333 Tippecanoe Avenue Norton AFB Bldg. 647 Location #15
Circle K 2505 Waterman Avenue California Highway Patrol 2211 Western Avenue
San Bernardino Car Wash 2266 Sierra Way Norton AFB Bldg. 228 "W" Street
Orbit Stations, Inc 908 Tippecanoe Avenue Norton AFB Bldg. 300 "U" Street
Chuby Chassis 275 "G" Street Atchison, Topeka & Sate Fe 1170 3fd Street
Railway
General SelVices Agency 777 Rialto Avenue Shepardson Property 328 Mountain View Avenue
Valley Gas/ Auto Repair 1195 Waterman Avenue ARCO 2696 Foothill Boulevard
Buy Rite Gas 906 Waterman Avenue Camp Essex ( J09CA027800) -
Conoco (Kayo Oil/Econo) 1169 2nd Street Matlock Transportation 550 Caroline Street
ARCO #5181 572 Mount Vernon Avenue Levitz Furniture 736 Inland Center Drive
Mobil #18-ELG 296 Baseline Street B&O Towing 2101 Highland Avenue
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-13
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.6-5
Facilities with Leaking Underground Fuel Tanks(LUFTs) in San Bernardino
Name Location Name Location
S. B. County Medical Center 780 Gilbert Street Norton AFB Bldg 726 East Street
Unocal #3444 25716 Baseline Street Kam Shell 799 Baseline Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 468 Harry Sheppard Boulevard Pauley Petroleum 898 Sierra Way
Norton AFB (S-290 TANK) S-290 Tank ORP Site 15) Glen Helen Regional Park 2555 Glen Helen Parkway
Unocal #2281 300 3rd Street Interstate Brands 1111 9111 Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 248 106th Street Pronto Marketing #316 1198 Highland Avenue
Shell #1108 1108 Highland Avenue Seccombe Lake Park 7111 Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 427 Enterprise (0 Street) La Mancha (Former Mobil SS) 415 5111 Street
Farmdale Creamery, Inc. 1049 Baseline Street Unocal #1842 301 Baseline Street
S & G Roofing Supply, Inc. 1444 Tippecanoe Avenue Mobil #18-F1W 100 Highland Avenue
Fame Liq uors 108 Baseline Street Super Cal Express 958 Rialto Avenue
Five Star Liquor and Market 306 Mount Vernon Avenue Truck O'Mat 1955 Hunts Lane
American National Can Co. 5715 Industrial Parkway Inland Beverage Company 223 "G" Street
Goodyear Tire Co. II 4 "E" Street Thrifty Oil #325/ARCO #9697 2187 Highland Avenue
E-Z Service 798 Highland Avenue Norton AFB Bldg. 675 Leland Norton Way (i"")
S & G Dairy 542 Marshall Boulevard Texaco Service Station 797 2nd Street
Fairco, Inc. 915 Scenic Drive C S U S B Physical Plant 5500 University Parkway
Circle K #335 24901 5111 Street Chevron 598 "W Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 100 Perimeter Drive Jack's Disposal Service 380 Oak Street
Roesh Lines, Inc. 844 9th Street Norton AFB Bldg. 650 "0" Street
Gas Plus 1266 "E" Street Norton AFB Bldg. 695 West Parking Ramp
Norton AFB Bldg. 333 East Parking Ramp Del Rosa Work Center 4121 Quail Canyon Road
Holiday Oldsmobile 1388 "E" Street Norton AFB Bldg. 754 i"" Street
Waterman Shell Station 1930 Waterman Avenue Salvation Army 925 10111 Street
Archer JC LLC (Abandoned) 208 Waterman Avenue White Rose Dairy 697 Waterman Avenue
Norton A\F B Bldg .620 "0" Street HMC Development 1375 Baseline Road
Nevada Investment Holdings 499 Orange Show Road Sirion Printing Ink Co. 730 Lugo Avenue
(Alameda Management #512)
La Mancha Development 415 5th Street Joey's Body Shop 916 6th Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 289 "Y" Street San Bern. Fire Station #3 2121 Medical Center Drive
Frank's Fence 1145 Waterman Avenue ARCO #5297 1999 Baseline Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 645 "0" Street U HAUL of San Bernardino 110 "0" Street
ARCO #6227 702 2nd Street Norton AFB Bldg. 142 2nd Place
Norton AFB Bldg. S-21 Memorial (2nd Street) Chevron #9-9125 198 "E" Street
Norton AFB Bldg. 169 2nd Place Rialto Gas Station 1991 "A" Street
Retail Delivery Systems 737 College Drive McClane Co. 4472 Georgia Boulevard
(Cornell Carthage)
Morrison Hope, Inc. 205 Arrowhead Avenue Smooth Move 207 Walkinshaw Street
San Bern. Fire Station #10 502 Arrowhead Avenue Sparkle Car Wash 276 Highland Ave
Glen Helen Rehabilitation 1800 Institutional Road Roadway Express Inc. 345 Allen Street
Center
Loma Linda University Support 1333 S. Tippecanoe Avenue Daugherty Company 895 Inland Center Drive
Services Building
Source: California Sfate Water Quality Control Board. Underground Storage Tank Program.. Geotracker. March 29, 2005. Obtained from
http://www.geotracker.swrcb.ca.gov/data/
Note: List does not include leaking fuel tanks identified on Table 5.6-4 with an asterisk.
Page 5.6-14. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Spills, Leaks, Investigations, and Cleanups
The Spills, Leaks, Investigations, and Cleanups (SLlC) Section of the California Environmental Protection
Agency (Cal EPA) oversees activities at non-underground storage tank (UST) sites where soil or groundwater
contamination have occurred. Many of these sites are former industrial facilities and dry cleaners, where
chlorinated solvents were spilled, or have leaked into the soil or groundwater. The SLlC Program is set up so
that reasonable expenses incurred by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and Regional
Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) in overseeing water quality matters can be recovered from the
responsible party.
The Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board's Spill, Leaks, Investigation and Cleanup (SLlC) List
(July, 2004) has identified a number of businesses in San Bernardino City that may be contaminated. It will
be important to ensure that the proper environmental analysis and clean-up are conducted prior to
development or redevelopment on these sites. Table 5.6-5 lists businesses on the SLlC List.
)DI s, ea 5, nvestlga Ions, an eanups m an ernar mo
Name Location Contaminant
US Army Training Center 296 E. 3m Street TCE, Benzene
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 1170 W. 3rd Street Solvent, TPH
Hanford Foundry Company 119 S. Arrowhead Metals
Camp Ono Plume Bunker Hill I Basin TCE,PCE
North San Bernardino Plume Bunker Hill II Basin TCE, PCE
Tri City Tires 1121 S. "E" Street Waste Oil
T.H.G. Leased Property 5518 Industrial Parkway Metals
US Air Force - Norton Mill Street Solvents
Salter Company (Norton AFB) Mill Street Hydraulic Oil
Southern Pacific Rail Yard Mill Street, "E" Street TPH,PB,AS
BNSF 1500 West Rialto TPH, Solvent
CalNev Pipeline Company Cajon Creek Area (County) Jet fuel
S "/I L k t
t"
Table 5.6-6
dCI
(SLlC) " S 8
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Source: Sanla Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. SLICK List. July 2004 http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb8/hlml/slic dod section.hlml
Airports
San Bernardino International Airport
Prior the closure of the Norton Air Force Base in 1994, the Inland Valley Development Agency (IVDA) and
San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA) were established as a regional Joint Powers
Authorities formed in 1990 and 1992, respectively. The agencies serve as master developers of the 2100
acres of the former military property now known as the San Bernardino International Airport and Trade
Center, which includes a full-service airport. It is located on 294 S. Leland Norton Way on the second level of
the former Norton Air Force Base bounded by Interstate 10 to the south, Interstate 215 to the east, and State
Route 30 to the south. This 2,1 OO-acre facility provides domestic, international charter services, cargo/freight,
and aeronautical services. In addition to the aeronautical services, this facility consisting of a 10,000-foot
runway, provides 24-hour armed security and contains 80 commercial and industrial businesses, two aircraft
maintenance facilities, and the 18-hole Palm Meadows Golf Course. A Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) and Airport Master Plan have not been adopted for the SBIA.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.6-15
5. Environmental Analysis
Other Airports
Ontario International Airport (ONT) is located approximately 25 miles southwest of the City. This airport is
home base for approximately 425 commercial operations daily. It provides over 14 major passenger air lines
and 11 major U.S. air freight carriers transporting over 6.5 million passengers and 547,461 tons of freight
respectively grossing in over $ 6 billion of Regional Economic Impact for the community in 2002. This airport
has flight paths that fly over parts of the City. The Riverside Municipal Airport is located approximately 12
miles south of the City and there are also two general aviation airports in the area, one to the west in Rialto
and the second to the southeast in Redlands. There are also private 5 helipads in the planning area.
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Wildland Fire Hazards
..
The fire hazard of an area is typically based on the density and type of vegetation, topography, weather,
dwelling unit density, and whether or not there are local mitigation measures in place that help reduce the
zone's fire rating such as an extensive network of fire hydrants, fire-rated construction, or fuel modification
zones. The City of San Bernardino abuts the San Bernardino Mountains to the north, and much of its
planning area is located in a high fire area. According to the City's Municipal Code Chapter 19.15, the City
designates a fire overlay district identifies three foothill fire zones with different degrees of hazard based on
slope, type of fuel present and natural barriers. The are divided as Fire Zone A being Extreme Hazard that
includes areas with slopes of 30 percent or greater, Fire Zone B being High Hazard that includes area with
slopes between 15 and 30 percent, Fire Zone C being Moderate Hazard that includes slopes between 0 and
15 percent, and Fire Zone C, Abutting Wildlands includes those lots on the perimeter of a tract that are
adjacent to wildlands.
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Oil, Gas and Geothermal Fields
~,
The map of "Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Fields in California, 2001 ," published by the California Department of
Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas & Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), shows that oil fields are not present or
have been present in San Bernardino. Additionally, the City of San Bernardino does not have any known
reservoirs of natural gas or petroleum. Therefore, issues associated with the development and
redevelopment of oil fields, such as oil-impacted soils that need to be treated or disposed of offsite, or the
proper re-abandonment of oil wells, do not apply to the San Bernardino planning area.
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However, according to this map, the City of San Bernardino is located within Geothermal District 2.
Numerous geothermal wells and natural geothermal seeps are associated with Geothermal District 2 and are
present in the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas. While many people tend to associate properties of the
natural hot springs with holistic healing within the San Bernardino and Arrowhead Springs area, geothermal
resources within the City and SOl areas are not without hazards. High concentrations of mercury in the soil
are coincident with surface thermal outlets. In the hot springs, mercury is more highly concentrated in the
gas bubbles than in the spring water. Therefore, mercury may be enriched in soil as a result of vapor phase
migration. In the Penyugal Canyon area of Arrowhead Springs (sometimes referred to as Hot Canyon Creek
which is west of the hotel), soil samples of excess of 250 parts per billion (ppb) of mercury have been
recorded3. Furthermore, natural hot springs in the Arrowhead Springs area release significant quantities of
free gases (40 cc/minute) , including helium, hydrogen, radon, and the light hydrocarbons; methane, ethane,
propane, iso-butane, and normal butane4.
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3 Resource Investigation of Low- and Moderate- Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino California. California
Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Open-File Report 82-11,1981
4 Resource Investigation of Low- and Moderate- Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino California. California
Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Open-File Report 82-11,1981
Page 5.6-16. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.6.1.2 Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is currently developed as the former Arrowhead Springs Resort
most recently operated by Campus Crusade for Christ, International. The facilities currently consist of
approximately 34 buildings including an historic hotel, an auditorium, a chapel, dormitories, a pool and
cabanas, residential bungalows, office buildings, and maintenance buildings. However, only the office,
maintenance, and select bungalow buildings are currently utilized.
Historical Usage of the Arrowhead Springs Area
In 1857, Dr. David Noble Smith along with John Brown developed the springs and created the Spa at
Arrowhead Springs in 1863 also known as a Hygienic Sanitarium. The first Arrowhead Hotel was built by
David Noble Smith around 1868, and Messrs. Darby and Lyman of Los Angeles, who had been leasing the
Hotel from Dr. Smith, built the second Arrowhead Springs Hotel in 1885. A third Arrowhead Springs Hotel
was constructed in 1905, by San Bernardino businessman Seth Marshall and he started bottling "Arrowhead
Springs Water", actually water from Waterman Creek, to supply customers in southern California and
Arizona. In 1930, the water supply changed from Waterman Creek to springs at the 5300-foot level in
Strawberry Creek to upgrade the changing water quality in Waterman Creek due to the development of
homes nearby. In 1939, a new concrete hotel was constructed and after a number of owners, it was sold to
Campus Crusade for Christ in 1962 and they still own the hotel and property at the present time
In addition to the site's use as a resort facility, aerial photographs ofthe Arrowhead Springs area indicate that
small areas of the site appear to have been used for agricultural purposes (orchards and row crops) in the
early 1930s. However, by 1953, much of these uses had been abandoned.
Hazardous Waste
~
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not listed within on the NPL or listed on the CERCLlS List.
CERCLlS status indicates that a site was once on the CERCLlS List but has No Further Response Actions
Planned (NFRAP). Sites on the CERCLlS-NFRAP List were removed from the CERCLlS List in February 1995
because, after an initial investigation was performed, no contamination was found, contamination was
removed quickly, or the contamination was not significant enough to warrant NPL status. The Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area is not listed as a RCRA facility or generator. In addition, the Arrowhead Springs
planning area is not listed as a State Site or a State Spill Site on the CalSite database. Furthermore, the
planning area is not on the Cortese List, LUSTs, state landfills, solid waste disposal sites, or mines are
located within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area.
The Arrowhead Spring Specific Plan is listed on the Federal Emergency Response Notification System
(ERNS) list. Review of information regarding the listing on the Natural Response Center website database
revealed the listing was due to a non-PCB transformer leak reported on December 29, 2003. According to
the report, 20 gallons of oil material (non-PCB mineral) were released to water from two pole mounted
transformers due to mudslides. The material released was listed as Oil, MISC: Mineral (Non-PCB). The report
indicated that the leak was a single, isolated incident, the water supply was not contaminated, and the
release was secured.
Proximity to High-Pressure Gas Lines or Fuel Transmission Lines
Seven companies, including the Southern California Gas Company (SCGC) which provides gas services in
the vicinity of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, were identified on the Underground Service Alert
(USA) website, on February 2, 2005, as companies that operate transmission lines within the planning area.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-17
5. Environmental Analysis
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Proximity to High-Pressure Water Lines
The Municipal Water Department (MWD) is constructing the Inland Feeder Project, which is nearly 44 miles
of pipeline, 12 to 14 feet in diameter, which will convey water between Devil Canyon and MWD's Colorado
River Aqueduct south of Lake Perris, near the city of San Jacinto. 5,6, 7. The Inland Feeder project is designed
to increase Southern California's water supply reliability in the face of future weather pattern uncertainties.
The east branch of the Inland Feeder water project obtains its source water from Lake Silverwood. The high-
capacity, gravity fed pipeline will be capable of delivering water at a rate of 31 m3/sec (1,000 cfs) or 646
million gallons a day. A portion of the Inland Feeder Project transverses the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area (see Figure 3.3-11). The Arrowhead segment of the Inland Feeder Project enters the Arrowhead Springs
property on the western property boundary through the West Portal tunnel from Devil Canyon, continues
eastward and then southward for approximately 1 ,480 feet through the property before entering the
Strawberry Creek Portal and tunnel to the City Creek portal. According to the contractor, these new tunnels
are designed to withstand 900 ft of hydrostatic water pressure, a standard no tunnel in the world has ever
had to meet. 8
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Underground Storage Tanks
Review of the County of San Bernardino Fire Department CUPA on February 23, 2005 revealed six
underground storage tanks were removed or abandoned at the subject site in 1989.
Five USTs were removed under permit number SB-73-88 on February 1, 1989. Soil samples were taken from
soils in the vicinity of the USTs at the maintenance building and the ranger station by Alms Services, Inc. The
job inspection record indicates that the site will be final and approved for backfill upon test results. Test
results provided to the County of San Bernardino Department of Environmental Health (DEH) dated March 9,
1989, were located in the file. According to the San Bernardino County Fire Department Hazardous Materials
Division, there are no environmental concerns associated with the five tanks removed at the subject site.
-
The remaining historic UST is located adjacent to the current hotel. Research revealed plans to fill this UST in
place based on the proximity to the hotel foundation. Water was properly removed from the tank and soil
samples were taken in the vicinity of the UST. Based on the samples collected, the DEH issued a letter,
dated May 10, 1989, stating residual hydrocarbon contamination near the hotel UST was not at a level to
warrant further investigation. A letter approving the closure of the hotel UST by filling in place was dated July
25, 1989. No documentation indicating that the UST was filled is available in the files reviewed. According to
the San Bernardino County Fire Department Hazardous Materials Division, although a closure letter cannot
be issued based on the lack of documentation that the UST was properly filled-in place, the area surrounding
the site is not contaminated and the UST does not represent an environmental concern at this time.
llllh
...
....~
Two active UST s currently exist on the subject site. The UST s are operated under the current permit numbers
PT0011599 and PT0011600. The USTs were upgraded in 1998 and soils were sampled in conjunction with
the upgrades. A "no further investigation" letter was issued for the active USTs on January 29, 1999, and an
upgrade compliance certificate was issued on February 3, 1999.
..,
l!'"
-
5 California Regional Water Quality Control Board. Amendment to Order No. 99-21, NPDES No. CA8000394,. Obtained April 2005
from http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/pdf/01-14.pdf
6 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. Riverside Badlands Tunnel, Inland Feeder Project: The Challenges Between
Concept and Completion. Obtained April 2005 from http://www.hatch.ca/lnfrastructure/Riverside _ BadlandsTunnels _feeder.pdf
7 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Inland Feeder Project at a Glance. Obtained April 2005 from
hllp:J /www.mwdh20.com/mwdh2o/pages/yourwater/supply/inlandfdr01.html
8 Polar Inertia. (2005, March/April). Water Infrastructure. Inland Feeder Project. hllp://www.polarinertia.com/mar05/water01.htm
-
iii!!'"
Page 5.6-18. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Recognized Environmental Conditions and Known or Suspect Environmental Conditions
A site visit to observe site conditions was conducted on February 1, 2005 to observe the exterior portions of
the property, including the Arrowhead Springs boundaries.
Use, Storage, and Disposal of Petroleum Products and Hazardous Materials
During site reconnaissance, oil was observed to be stored in approximately five 55-gallon metal drums
located on a paved area near the maintenance buildings. Staining and leaking were observed on the ground
in areas surrounding the 55-gallon waste-oil drum. Fuel dispensing pumps at the site were also observed
onsite. Four to five drums of unknown contents were observed to be stored in various locations near the
maintenance buildings. The drums were located on a dirt surface. No staining or leaking was observed in the
vicinity of the drums. Approximately 30, one-gallon buckets of paint were observed near the maintenance
buildings. The paint cans were located on an uncovered, open dirt area. The location did not appear to be
temporary storage. No leaking or staining was observed in the vicinity of the paint cans.
No evidence of disposal of Petroleum Products was observed at the subject site. However, leaking and
staining from waste oil drums were observed on site. A fueling dispensing pump was observed near the
maintenance buildings. A parts washer was observed in one of the maintenance buildings. Records show
that waste oil and liquid from the parts cleaner are removed by a certified waste hauler.
Vehicle Maintenance Lifts
One vehicle maintenance lift was observed on the subject site that was thought not to be in use since the
early 90's. However, during the site inspection, a vehicle was on the lift and elevated off the ground surface.
Evidence of staining was observed in the vicinity of the vehicle maintenance lift. There was no previous
knowledge of historic leaking or staining in the vicinity of the vehicle maintenance lift.
~
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Associated with Electrical or Hydraulic Equipment
Various transformers were located at the subject site. No PCB labels were visible on the pad-mounted
transformers observed with the exception of one transformer. No staining or leaking was observed in the
vicinity of the transformers. Reports from 1984 indicated capacitors located at the site contained PCBs. The
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is listed on the Federal ERNS due to a non-PCB transformer leak reported
on December 29, 2003. However, the leak was a single, isolated incident, the water supply was not
contaminated, and the release was secured. The capacitors and transformers were gradually switched from
PCB filled to non-PCB filled and the transformer with the PCB label is no longer used.
Catch Basins
The Arrowhead Springs property has a limited storm water collection system for the developed portions of
the property containing approximately 55 catch basins. Not all streets have curbs, gutters and catch basins
and water sheet flows to landscaped areas. Storm water captured by the underground system is eventually
released to area streams.
Pits, Ponds, Lagoons, and Pools of Liquid
The subject site has many water resources including natural hot springs, and surface waters. Creeks located
on the site include East Twin Creek, Strawberry Creek, Hot Canyon Creek (unnamed tributary on USGS
quad maps west of hotel), and West Twin Creek are located on the site. Numerous hot springs are known to
exist on the site, and Lake Vonette, with an area of 32,670 square feet, is located on the site. Other pools of
liquids located on the site include the swimming pool, water reservoirs, and evaporation ponds associated
with the sewage treatment facility.
Genera! Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City 015an Bernardino. Page 5.6-19
5. Environmental Analysis
...
Solid Waste and Evidence of Waste Filling
...
Solid waste is contained in trash dumpsters located in a trash enclosure located on the subject site. Solid
waste generated at the site is removed by a private collection contractor. No evidence of waste filling was
observed on the subject property.
Historic trash pits and incinerators may be located on the subject site. According to archaeological reports
(Appendix C) there are three possible historic trash pits and one historic incinerator located on the subject
site based on their investigation and previous research done on the site. The trash areas reported appear to
be old and isolated events, and do not represent areas of environmental concern. The majority of the trash
located on the site was most likely incinerated, historically a common method of trash removal, and one
small incinerator is known to exist on the subject site. Ash from the trash incineration if located in the vicinity
of the known incinerator could be a potential environmental condition.
..
-
"'1,
Sewage Treatment System
...
Sanitary sewerage is conveyed to the sewage treatment facility located on the southern portion of the site.
The sewage treatment facility, more fully described in Section 5.15, Utilities, has a 300,000 gallon capacity
and was built in approximately 1939. Currently, the sewage treatment facility was observed to be handling a
small volume of waste. Biosolid quantities have never been large enough to move more than two 2%-yard
backhoe bucketsful at any given time according to the present facilities operator. However based on
historical use of the hotel and aerial photographs, it is likely the sewage treatment facility handled a larger
volume of wast~ in the past when the hotel was in operation.
...
..
A file review was conducted at the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). Files available
for review date back to 1986. Review of the files revealed the sewage treatment is regulated by Waste
Discharge Requirements specified in Order No. 86-100. Order No. 86-100 was adopted for the subject site
on June 13, 1986. The facility had no violations recorded in the file. The monitoring records reviewed indi-
cated that the wastewater was repeatedly over the permitted limit for total dissolved solids and hardness,
and occasionally over the permitted limit for sodium, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride. No actions were taken
regarding the elevated concentrations. The permit levels were based on the use of surface water, but the
subject site is now using deep groundwater that is of poorer quality. Inspection reports from July 11, 2001
indicated that it is very possible that the elevated concentrations are caused from the change to the poorer
quality water source.
...
,",'
~
Review of the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board revealed a sewage spill on the subject site on
February 13, 1987. The sewage spill reportedly happened at the sewer man hole near the cabana pool area.
The sewage flowed towards Strawberry Creek, but did not reach the creek. Approximately 100,000 gallons of
sewage was spilled. An inspector visited the area after the spill was cleaned and noted that the area of the
spill occurred down a steep hill that did not appear to be visited often.
M't
-
Files revealed a sewage spill on the subject site on February 13, 1987. The sewage spill reportedly hap-
pened at the sewer man hole near the cabana pool area. The sewage flowed towards Strawberry Creek, but
did not reach the creek. Approximately 100,000 gallons of sewage was spilled. An inspector visited the area
after the spill was cleaned and noted that the area of the spill was down a steep hill that did not appear to be
visited often.
"""'~
Review of inspection reports indicated that sludge disposal has been a concern at least three times since
1986. A figure dated 1986 indicating the location of the sewage treatment facilities showed an area
designated for sludge disposal between the holding ponds and the sewage treatment plant. An Inspection
Report dated September 22, 1997 indicated that sludge was accumulating in the drying bed. Previously
sludge was mixed with saw dust and used in the nearby field. In the comment section of both the 1998 and
2000 inspection reports, plant operators could not indicate a location for ultimate disposal of sludge. The
lJ!"..
Page 5.6-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
inspection comments from the 2000 inspection indicated that several piles of sludge were piled up on the
west side of the sludge drying bed.
5.6.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on he
environment if the project would:
H-1
Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine
transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials.
H-2
Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably
foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous
materials into the environment.
H-3
Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substance, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school.
H-4
Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials compiled
pursuant to Government code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment.
H-5
For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not
been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would result
in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area.
~
H-6
For a project in the vicinity of a private airstrip, result in a safety hazard for people
residing or working in the project area.
H-7
Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation plan.
H-8
Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving
wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to the urbanized areas or
where residences are intermixed with wildlands.
5.6.3 Environmental Impacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement. An analysis of the project impacts, as they relate to hazards and hazardous materials in the San
Bernardino area and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area, are provided in this section of the EIR.
5.6.3.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
The General Plan Update involves minimal changes to existing land use designations in San Bernardino and
the SOl, and is primarily focused on an update to the goals and policies contained in the existing General
Plan. The Safety Element addresses hazardous and toxic material issues.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-21
5. Environmental Analysis
"..
GP IMPACT 5.6-1:
BUILDOUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
GENERAL PLAN MAY RESULT IN ADDITIONAL COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES THAT WOULD NECESSITATE THE TRANSPORT, USE
AND/OR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. [THRESHOLDS H-1, H-2,
AND H-3]
...
P"
Impact Analysis: Buildout of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increase in the frequency
of transport, use and disposal of hazardous materials associated with commercial and industrial growth
within the City of San Bernardino. While care is taken during the transport, use and disposal of hazardous
material within the City, it is possible that upset or accidental conditions may arise which result in the release
of hazardous materials into the environment.
...
....
Table 5.6-2 identifies seven hazardous waste transporters within the City. An increase in the transport of
hazardous waste from an increased demand for transport, use and disposal, within or outside the City, could
result in more accidental events resulting in the release of hazardous materials into the environment. An
increase in the transport of hazardous materials, as a result of the proposed project, would be limited to
areas along interstates and the rail lines, where commercial uses and industrial use would be concentrated.
Some transport of hazardous materials may occur near small commercial pockets proposed throughout
various areas of the City. The transportation of hazardous materials and waste within the City is directed
toward arterial streets because they generally have better roadway conditions than local streets. The
signalization, width, and level of service of a roadway impact the safety and speed at which hazardous
materials can be safely transported through an area. Arterial streets are also preferred routes to local streets
because they can minimize the exposure of residential uses from the impacts that could occur from a
hazardous material accident within a local neighborhood
If't\
-
....
....
The City of San Bernardino contains both small generators of hazardous waste. According to the Spills,
Leaks, Investigation and Cleanup (SLle) List, shown in Table 5.6-6, the Santa Ana RWQCB has identified 11
sites within the City that are or may be contaminated due to accidental release of hazardous waste.
Furthermore, the State Water Resource Control Board database for Leaking Underground Fuel Tanks
(LUFTs) indicates that there are 181 cases in the City of San Bernardino San Bernardino. Due to the relative
depth to the groundwater, which in some cases is within 50 feet of the surface, the chance for groundwater
contamination is a possibility. Regional faults associated with the San Andreas and San Jacinto Fault zone
are nearby seismic sources with a relatively high probability of generating an earthquake. Intensification of
land uses that generate hazardous waste nearby these faults, including faults located within the Alquist-
Priolo Special Studies Zones, could be susceptible to the effects of surface fault rupture from nearby faults
resulting in accidental release of waste.
...'
....
-
The update of the General Plan would not result in the placement of hazardous waste generating facilities
within one quarter mile of a school. Industrial uses, which are the primary hazardous waste generating
facilities in the City, are currently concentrated along existing industrial corridors and that would not change.
Furthermore, while implementation of the General Plan would result in the need for more school facilities
(See Section 5.13, Public Services), placement of schools would not be allowed within one quarter mile of a
school.
....
..,.~
GP IMPACT 5.6-2:
THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO CONTAINS PROPERTIES INCLUDED ON A
LIST OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SITES, INCLUDING THE FORMER NORTON
AIR FORCE BASE. [THRESHOLD H-4]
I!J"'l
Impact Analysis: The former Norton AFB is located within the City of San Bernardino and is listed on the
NPL and has been designated a Superfund Site. Implementation of the City of San Bernardino General Plan
would not result in direct development on the former Norton AFB but it is part of the Southeast Strategic
Planning Area along with the Trade Center. These two areas are not managed by the City. The Trade Center
Page 5.6-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
is managed by a joint powers authority known as the Inland Valley Development Authority and is addressed
in the Trade Center Specific Plan and San Bernardino International Airport Authority manages the former
base. According to the EPA, the response actions taken for contaminated soils and groundwater have
significantly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the site.9 An Airport Master Plan for the
facility has not been finalized but the area contains commercial uses, industrial uses, and an 18-hole Palm
Meadows Golf Course. See Section 5.8, Land Use and Planning, for more information regarding integration
of the Airport Master Plan and the General Plan. Separate environmental documentation would be required
for implementation of the Airport Master Plan.
In addition to the designated Superfund site above, the Newmark Groundwater Contamination site is also
listed on the NPL. The Newmark Groundwater Contamination Site is located within the Bunker Hill Subbasin,
underneath the City of San Bernardino. Contaminants ofthe groundwater basin include chlorinated solvents,
PCE and TCE. More than 25 percent of the municipal water supply for the City of San Bernardino's residents
has been affected by the advancing contamination plumes. The plume lies underneath a portion of the City
that has been developed for light industrial and residential uses. After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA
performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the
Newmark Groundwater site while studies are ongoing and final cleanup activities are being planned.
However, the San Bernardino Municipal Water Department has constructed and operated four wellhead
treatment systems to ensure the safety of the public water supply.10
In addition to these sites, the CERCLlS List identifies seven other sites within the City. None of these sites
have been placed on the NPL.
GP IMPACT 5.6-3:
THE SAN BERNARDINO INTERNATlONALAIRPORTfS LOCATED WITHIN THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO. [THRESHOLDS H-5 AND H-6]
~
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino International Airport (formerly Norton Air Force Base) is located within
the southeastern portion of the City of San Bernardino. Because of the long term use of the facility by aircraft,
many of the existing, surrounding land uses are industrial or commercial. However, there are existing
residential uses scattered to the southwest of the airport as well. The General Plan update has retained the
land use designations for industrial around the airport which would prohibit any new residential uses that
could be affected by the airport. Policies in the proposed General Plan also address compatibility with the
noise and safety zones in terms of land use, density, and height. Upon adoption of the CLUP and Airport
Master Plan, the General Plan would be amended to incorporate the adopted noise contours and safety
zones and any new airport related policies. The Airport Influence Area was adopted by the SBIA and is
incorporated in the General Plan update. In this manner, the required notification and buyer disclosure is
addressed in the General Plan. Overall the General Plan update provides sufficient protection from airport
safety hazards.
GP IMPACT 5.6-4:
BUILDOUT OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD NOT
AFFECT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY
FIRE DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES' EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT PLAN. [THRESHOLD H-7]
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino City Fire Department has a Hazardous Materials Response Team is
specially trained and equipped to handle hazardous materials releases in the event of an emergency. If the
fire and police departments determine that an incident requires special expertise and equipment, they may
request assistance from the Countywide HazMat Team ofthe County Environmental Health Department. The
9 Environmental Protection Agency. Norton Air Force Base California EPA ID# CA4570024345.
htlp :llyosemite .epa.gov Ir9/sfund/overview .nsf/0/671 c34603a 1 b50098825660b007 ee697?Open Document
10 Environmental Protection Agency. Newmark Groundwater Contamination Site. California EPA ID# CAD981434517
htlp:l/yosemite .epa.gov /r9lsfund/overview .nsf/0/5a50a68ada6060e58825660bOO 7 ee691 ?OpenDocument #descr
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.6-23
...
5. Environmental Analysis
....
HazMat Team includes a minimum of two fire specialists and two environmental health specialists who
perform hazard identification, risk assessment, and actual control measures. HazMat is a cooperative
organization structure that is intended to bring the maximum available equipment and special expertise to
any given emergency situation. In addition the San Bernardino County Fire Department Office of Emergency
Services is responsible for disaster planning and emergency services coordination throughout the county.
The Office of Emergency Services prepares the countywide Emergency Management Plan. Implementation
of the San Bernardino General would not interfere with the implementation of this emergency response plan
or evacuation route of the Office of Emergency Services. The improvements to the street system outlined the
Circulation Element of the General Plan update would improve the time necessary to respond to all
emergency situations.
fI!!!lt"'
,...,
...'
....
GP IMPACT 5.6-5:
THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO IS LOeA TED
WITHIN A DESIGNATED EXTREME FIRE HAZARD ZONE AND INCREASED
DEVELOPMENT WOULD EXPOSE STRUCTURES AND/OR OCCUPANTS TO
FIRE DANGER. [THRESHOLD H-8]
....
Impact Analysis: The City of San Bernardino abuts the San Bernardino Mountains to the north. The City of
San Bernardino is susceptible to wildland fires due to the steep terrain and highly flammable chaparral
vegetation of the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains and high winds that correspond with seasonal
dry periods. The characteristics of the San Bernardino Mountains and winds in the area indicate that large
uncontrollable fires on a recurring basis are inevitable. Major fires have endangered portions of the City on
numerous occasions and in several instances, have spread into the City causing extensive damage, most
recently in 2003.
-
..
As a result, the entire northern portion of the City of San Bernardino is located in an extreme and moderate
fire hazard zone. Much of the vacant land within the City of San Bernardino lies within the hillside portions of
the City that are within an area designated as an extreme fire hazard and a moderate fire hazard. The danger
from wildland fires in foothill locations is increased by the number of structures and encroachment of new
development in the hillside areas. Specific concerns include the density of development, spacing of
structures, brush clearance, building materials, access to buildings by fire equipment, adequacy of
evacuation routes, property maintenance, and water availability.
...
-
p..
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The relevant General Plan goals and policies pertaining to hazards include the following:
tIf!t1'
Land Use Element: Safety
Policy 2.8.1: Ensure that all structures comply with seismic safety provisions and building codes.
-
Policy 2.8.2: Ensure that design and development standards appropriately address the hazards posed by
wildfires and wind, with particular focus on the varying degrees of these threats in the foothills, valleys,
ridges, and the southern and western flanks of the San Bernardino Mountains.
...
Policy 2.8.4: Control the development of industrial and other uses that use, store, produce, or transport
toxics, air emissions, and other pollutants.
...
Policy 2.9.1: Require that all new development be consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Land Use
Plan for the San Bernardino International Airport and ensure that no structures or activities encroach upon or
adversely affect the use of navigable airspace.
-
lII"t,..
Page 5.6-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 2.9.2: Refer any adoption or amendment of this General Plan, specific plan, zoning ordinance, or
building regulation within the planning boundary of the adopted Comprehensive Airport Master Plan for the
SBIA to the airport authority as provided by the Airport Land Use Law.
Policy 2.9.3: Limit the type of development, population density, maximum site coverage, and height of
structures as specified in the applicable safety zones in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and
as shown on Figure LU-4.
Policy 2.9.5: Ensure that the height of structures does not impact navigable airspace, as defined in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA.
Policy 2.9.6: As required by State Law for real estate transactions within the Airport Influence Area, as
shown on Figure LU-4, require notification/disclosure statements to alert potential buyers and tenants ofthe
presence of and potential impacts from the San Bernardino International Airport.
Circulation Element
Policy 6.5.1: Provide designated truck routes for use by commercial/industrial trucking that minimize
impacts on local traffic and neighborhoods.
Policy 6.7.4: Identify existing and future high volume at-grade railroad crossings and pursue available
sources of funding (e.g., California Public Utilities Commission) to implement grade separations where
appropriate.
Policy 6.8.1: Work with the San Bernardino International Airport Authority in the preparation of the Airport
Master Plan and Comprehensive Land Use Plan to ensure the City's interests are foremost in the
improvement of the airport.
~
Public Facilities and Services Element:
Policy 7.2.1: Assure that adequate facilities and fire service personnel are maintained by periodically
evaluating population growth, response time, and fire hazards in the City.
Policy 7.2.2: Assess the effects of increases in development density and related traffic congestion on the
provision of adequate facilities and services ensuring that new development will maintain fire protection
services of acceptable levels.
Policy 7.2.3: Establish a program whereby new development projects are assessed a pro rata fee to pay for
additional fire service protection to that development.
Policy 7.2.4: Coordinate inter-agency fire service protection agreements with County U.S. Forest Service,
and other fire protection agencies.
Policy 7.2.5: Maintain an "ISO" fire rating of at least class 3.
Safety Element:
Policy 10.1.1: Employ effective emergency preparedness and emergency response strategies to minimize
the impacts from hazardous materials emergencies, such as spills or contamination.
Policy 10.1.2: Ensure the protection of surface and groundwater quality, land resources, air quality, and
environmentally sensitive areas through safe transportation of waste through the City and comprehensive
planning of hazardous materials, wastes, and sites.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.6-25
5. Environmental Analysis
....
Policy 10.1.3: Execute long-range planning programs to protect resources and the public from the potential
impacts that could be created by the use, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste and materials.
Policy 10.1.4: Continue to support the role that the Fire and the Police Departments play in the on-site
identification of hazardous wastes and emergency response to hazardous waste accidents in cooperation
with the County Department of Environmental Health Services.
Policy 10.2.1: Require the proper handling, treatment, movement, and disposal of hazardous materials and
hazardous waste.
...
...
....
Policy 10.2.2: Encourage businesses to utilize practices and technologies that will reduce the generation of
hazardous wastes at the source.
!IlI;\
Policy 10.2.3: Implement federal, state, and local regulations for the disposal, handling, and storage of
hazardous materials.
....
Policy 10.2.4: Work with the Department of Environmental Health Services to promote waste minimization,
recycling, and use of best available technology in City businesses.
...
Policy 10.2.5: Participate in the process of selecting routes that are the most acceptable for the safe
transportation of hazardous waste material within the City limits. Streets with high concentrations of people,
such as the downtown, or with sensitive facilities, such as schools and parks, should be avoided to the
maximum extent possible.
....
Policy 10.3.1: Conduct educational programs to educate the public about the proper handling and disposal
of household hazardous wastes.
...
Policy 10.3.2: Enforce the proper disposal of Household Hazardous Wastes.
Policy 10.4.1: Promote integrated inter-agency review and participation in water resource evaluation and
mitigation programs.
...
Policy 10.4.2: Protect surface water and groundwater from contamination.
...
Policy 10.4.3: Eliminate or rernediate old sources of water contamination generated by hazardous materials
and uses.
...
Policy 10.4.4: Develop programs and incentives for prevention of groundwater contamination and clean up
of known contaminated sites.
Policy 10.11.1: Continue to conduct long-range fire safety planning efforts to minimize urban and wildland
fires, including enforcement of stringent building, fire, subdivision and other Municipal Code standards,
improved infrastructure, and mutual aid agreements with other public agencies and the private sector.
...
...
Policy 10.11.2: Work with the U.S. Forest Service and private landowners to ensure that buildings are
constructed, sites are developed, and vegetation and natural areas are managed to minimize wildfire risks in
the foothill areas of the City.
--
Policy 10.11.3: Require that development in the High Fire Hazard Area, as designated on the Fire Hazards
Areas Map (Figure S-8) be subject to the provisions of the Hillside Management Overlay District (HMOD) and
the Foothill Fire Zones Overlay.
llII'iIt.
Policy 10.11.4: Study the potential acquisition of private lands for establishment of greenbelt buffers
adjacent to existing development, where such buffers cannot be created by new subdivision.
Page 5.6-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 10.11.5: Continue to require that all new construction and the replacement of 50 percent and greater
of the roofs of existing structures use fire retardant materials.
Policy 10.12.1: Maintain a functional City emergency response plan that addresses all hazards.
Policy 10.12.2: Foster and participate in ongoing emergency preparedness and response training
programs.
Policy 10.12.3: Enhance emergency preparedness through the implementation of community education
and self-help programs.
Policy 10.12.4: Prevent serious damage and injuries through effective hazard mitigation.
Policy 10.12.5: Maintain mutual aid agreements with neighboring cities and the County of San Bernardino
and develop partnerships to respond to disaster with other emergency relief organizations.
Policy 10.12.6: Ensure that sensitive uses, such as the University and other public uses that accommodate
many occupants, have adequate access to allow emergency personnel to access the site in the event of an
emergency.
Policy 10.13.1: Establish and maintain a rapid damage assessment capability through the formation of
damage assessment strategies that are applied by the appropriate City Staff or inspection personnel.
Policy 10.13.2: Develop programs, options, and procedures to promote the rapid reconstruction of the City
following a disaster, and to facilitate a specific upgrading of the community environment.
Policy 10.13.3: Identify alternative sources of financing of damage and reconstruction that can be utilized in
the event of a disaster.
~
Policy 10.13.4: Encourage public awareness of emergency response planning and emergency evacuation
routes.
5.6.3.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan consists of approximately 1,916 acres. A portion of the planning is
currently developed and 10 acres near SR 18 is owned by the MWD. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is
a guiding document, which details the overall plan for the development of future projects on approximately
506 acres. The remaining area would be left as open space. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would
expand the existing resort area which covers approximately 200 acres and add a golf course, commercial
and residential areas to the site.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.6-27
5. Environmental Analysis
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AHS IMPACT 5.6-1:
ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN OPERA TIONS WOULD INVOLVE THE
TRANSPORT, USE AND/OR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OR
RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. [THRESHOLDS H-1, H-2, AND H-3]
IMI'
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would involve intensification of resort uses and
placement of new residential and commercial areas with the area. As a result, the routine transport, use, or
disposal of hazardous materials would increase in the Arrowhead Springs area. This increase would be
limited to commercial uses such as retail operations and golf course, as no industrial uses are planned in the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. However, there are a number of recognized environmental conditions such
as waste oil spills, sewage sludge that may have leached metals into the ground and ash from incineration
(all described in Section 5.6.1.2) that have the potential to release hazardous materials if disturbed by
grading and other construction activities.
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The Arrowhead Springs Area is located on the map of "Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Fields in California, 2001 ,"
published by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas & Geothermal Resources
(DOGGR), as a geothermal area. Geothermal activity in the Arrowhead Springs area have been noted to
have naturally occurring emissions of mercury, helium, methane, propane and radon. As a result of
deposition of mercury in site soils, metal content may be located in high concentrations where geothermal
activity is present. Mercury is a known toxic and exposure to mercury in high concentrations can create a
significant hazard to the public or the environment. Mercury concentrations in the Arrowhead Springs area
are expected to be concentrated near the hot springs and can occur near geothermal vent areas as high
concentrations of mercury in the soil are coincident with surface thermal outlets. In the hot springs, mercury
is more highly concentrated in the gas bubbles than in the spring water. Therefore, mercury may be enriched
in soil as a result of vapor phase migration. As mentioned previously, In the Penyugal Canyon area of
Arrowhead Spring soil samples in excess of 250 ppb (0.25 ppm) of mercury have been recorded11. The
standard for elemental mercury in soils is 1.1 microgram/kilogram (or 1.1 ppm). For Radon the EPA standard
is 4 picocuries per liter for indoor air. Methane in the Arrowhead Springs area within the vicinity of the
(former) Campus Crusade for Christ (facilities) was noted at 4,506 ppm in January of 1982.7 Although
methane is not a direct risk human health, concentrations above the lower explosive limit may accumulate
beneath structures, presenting a potential fire hazard. According to the US Mine Rescue Association,
methane is explosive at concentrations of 5 to 15 percent. At amounts greater than 15 percent, the amount of
oxygen present is insufficient for rapid combustion to occur. Without subsequent study or monitoring the risk
of exposure can not be accurately determined from existing (and dated) information.
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The Inland Feeder Project of MWD transverses the Arrowhead Springs project site. Specifically, the Village
Walk development around Lake Vonette would be placed in close proximity to the existing water line. The
Public safety issues related to the Inland Feeder Project are related to the potential for catastrophic failure of
the pipeline and the resulting uncontrolled release of water. The level of significance of this impact is based
on the probability of this type of event occurring and the ability of existing water courses to accommodate
the released flow. According to the FEIR for the Inland Feeder Project, probability of failure ranged from 0.13
to 0.03 for the San Andreas Fault and 0.0003 to 0.0006 for the San Jacinto Fault. If a fault rupture were to
occur, the volume of water released could be accommodated by the Santa Ana River water diversion
facilities (percolation basins south of the project site). These water diversion facilities, along with a low
probability of occurrence, result in risk of failure at or below most civil engineering projects.
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11 Resource Investigation of Low- and Moderate- Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino California.
California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Open-File Report 82-11, 1981
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Page 5.6-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS IMPACT 5.6-2:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA IS NOT ON ANY LIST OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMPILED PURSUANT TO GOVERNMENT CODE
SECTION 65962.5. {THRESHOLD H-4]
Impact Analysis: Review of the CERCLlS database under the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment for
Arrowhead Springs Resort indicated that the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not listed on the NPL
or listed on the CERCLlS List. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not listed as a RCRA facility or
generator. In addition, the Arrowhead Springs planning area is not listed as a State Site or a State Spill Site
on the CalSite database.
AHS IMPACT 5.6-3:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA IS NOT LOCATED IN THE
VICINITY OF AN AIRPORT OR UNDER THE WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF AN
AIRPORT LAND USE PLAN. {THRESHOLDS H-5 AND H-6]
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not located within the vicinity of a public or
private airport. The closest airport to the site is the San Bernardino International Airport located on the
southern side of the City while the Arrowhead Springs area is located in the mountains to the north.
AHS IMPACT 5.6-4:
BUILDOUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD NOT
AFFECT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY FIRE
DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES, EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT PLAN. {THRESHOLD H-7]
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino County Fire Department Office of Emergency Services is responsible
for disaster planning and emergency services coordination throughout the county. The Office of Emergency ~
Services prepares the countywide Emergency Management Plan. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan >>:~
would result in the addition of residential uses in an area currently dominated by little used resort/recreational UV
facilities. Currently the main access road for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is SR18. The increase
in development to this secluded area in the mountains has the potential to impact emergency response or
evacuation plan for the area. However, the circulation plan and street widths for the proposed development
were designed in consultation with the San Bernardino City Fire Department to ensure adequate emergency
access and the Village Avenue access road was added to provide for emergency access in the event of a
fire, earthquake, or other such hazard.
AHS IMPACT 5.6-5:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA IS WITHIN A DESIGNA TED
EXTREME FIRE HAZARD ZONE AND COULD EXPOSE STRUCTURES AND/OR
OCCUPANTS TO FIRE DANGER. {THRESHOLD H-B]
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area lies within the San Bernardino Mountains and
falls within an area designated as an extreme hazard zone. The Arrowhead Springs area is susceptible to
wildland fires due to the steep terrain, highly flammable vegetation and high winds that correspond with
seasonal dry periods. The San Bernardino National Forest surrounds the Arrowhead Springs area to the
north, east and west. Placement of structures in the Arrowhead Springs area, adjacent to the wildland areas,
could place occupants of these structures at risk of injury or death due to fire.
5.6.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
The existing regulations and standard conditions pertain to both the San Bernardino General Plan and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
. Both the Federal government (Code of Federal Regulations, EPA, SARA and Title III) and the State of
California (California State Health and Safety Code, Division 20, Chapter 6.95, Sections 25500-
25520; California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Chapter 2, Sub-Chapter 3, Article 4, Sections 2729-
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.6-29
5. Environmental Analysis
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2734) require all businesses that handle more than a specified amount of hazardous materials or
extremely hazardous materials, termed a reporting quantity, to submit a Hazardous Materials
Business Plan to its local CUPA. The HMO of the San Bernardino County Fire Department is design-
nated by the State Secretary for Environmental Protection as the CUPA for the County of San
Bernardino in order to focus the management of specific environmental programs at the local
government level to address the disposal, handling, processing, storage and treatment of local
hazardous materials and waste products.
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· The City of San Bernardino designates the San Bernardino County Department of Environmental
Health Services (DEHS) as the enforcement agency for the purpose of the California Health and
Safety Code Section 480 et seq., 500 et seq., 1155.5, Title 17 of the California Administrative Code,
[now California Code of Regulations] and all state law pertaining to environmental health. (Chapter
8.01 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
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· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code prohibits the accumulation of combustible and non-
combustible materials except within buildings or in containers or receptacles designed for such
storage and accumulation. (Chapter 18.18 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
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· Section 19.30.200, Access, of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code provides regulations for
ensuring adequate emergency access to subdivisions. A tentative tract or parcel map shall provide
for at least 2 different standard routes for ingress and egress. However, the City provides an
exception to this standard if the tentative track map or parcel map provides 1 standard route but the
standard route must be a roadway that is dedicated to the City; has a minimum paved width of 24
feet; and is designed to utilize separate roadways or streets, or a common street that provides
access from opposite directions (provided that the access from each direction utilizes an
independent street system). The purpose of these routes is to permit accessibility to fire fighting and
other public equipment and to permit orderly evacuation in the event of flood, fire or other
emergency. Prior to recordation of the final map, adequate security shall be provided to ensure
construction of the required improvements before any certificate of occupancy is issued.
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· Section 19.15, FF (Foothill Fire Zones Overlay) District of the San Bernardino Municipal Code details
additional restrictions and requirements for new developments within the foothills and mountainous
portion of the City of San Bernardino. This includes design standards for access, construction, and
development and requirements for roadside vegetation, water supply, and erosion control.
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· Section 19.12, Airport Overlay District, of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code outlines restric-
tions, regulations and design for development within the vicinity of the San Bernardino International
Airport (The Airport Overlay District would be adjusted to reflect the Airport Master Plan after it is
adopted).
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· The 2001 (and subsequent amendments) California Building Code (CBC) regulates the design and
construction for building relating to fire and life safety and structural safety from which all
developments in California must adhere to. In addition Part 9 of the CBC is the California Fire Code
which contains fire-safety specific related building standards. For hazardous air releases, Article 79
and 80 of the Fire Code allows oversight of design by the San Bernardino County Fire Department
pertaining to materials and facilities requirements for flammable and combustible liquids and gases.
· The South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQM D), Air T oxics Division, regulates the release
of methane and other toxic air contaminants from facilities. Although the AQMD does not regulate
emissions from naturally occurring sources, under the current regulations facilities that emit, through
mechanical device or operation, air toxics must obtain relevant permits through the AQMD.
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Page 5.6-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
. Per the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Section 19.02, new developments and plans are
reviewed by a Development Review Committee and an Environmental Review Committee, which
includes a member from the City of San Bernardino Fire Department. Tentative Tract maps within the
City of San Bernardino are reviewed by the San Bernardino Fire Department to ensure adequate
emergency access for emergency vehicles.
5.6.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.6.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
Upon implementation of GP policies and programs, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.6-1
GP Impact 5.6-2
GP Impact 5.6-3
GP Impact 5.6-4
GP Impact 5.6-5
Implementation of the San Bernardino General Plan anticipates growth in commer-
cial and industrial facilities that are involved in the transport, use and disposal of
hazardous waste. However, businesses that are involved in the transport, use
and/or disposal of hazardous waste are required to submit a business plan to the
HMO of the San Bernardino County Fire Department.
The Norton AFB and the Newmark Groundwater Contamination site are listed on
the NPL. Much of the extent of the contamination is within the Groundwater Basin
however the City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department operates wellhead
treatment systems to ensure the safety of the water supply for San Bernardino
residents. The CERCLlS list also identified 6 other sites within the City with
hazardous waste contamination. While many of these sites do not have a
remediation plan, the existing federal and state environmental regulations in place
prevent the reuse of the site without standards for cleanup under CERCLlS, and in
some cases RCRA.
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The San Bernardino International Airport is located within the City of San Bernar-
dino. The Airport Influence Area was adopted by the SBIA and is incorporated in the
General Plan update.
Implementation of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would not interfere with
the implementation of this emergency response plan or evacuation route.
The north portions of the City of San Bernardino are located in areas designated as
an extreme or moderate fire hazard zone. Placement of structures, including resi-
dential and commercial, could place these structures and their occupants at risk.
However, the Foothills Fire Zone Overlay District places additional restriction on
new development to ensure safety of existing and future residents within this
extreme hazard area.
5.6.5.2
Arrowhead Springs
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.6-2
AHS Impact 5.6-3
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not located on a list of sites containing
hazardous waste.
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not located within the vicinity of a
private of public airport.
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.6-31
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
5. Environmental Analysis
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AHS Impact 5.6-4
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AHS Impact 5.6-5
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is located in a remote area. Implementation of
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in intensification of uses which
may result in an impact to the City's emergency response plan or evacuation route.
However, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan circulation system was developed in
consultation with the City of San Bernardino Fire Department to ensure adequate
emergency access.
....
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located in an area designated as an
extreme fire hazard zone. Placement of structures, including residential and
commercial, could place these structures and their occupants at risk. However, the
Foothills Fire Zone Overlay District places additional restriction on new develop-
ment to ensure safety of existing and future residents within this extreme hazard
area.
1JHi"
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AHS Impact 5.6-1
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be significant:
t"I!\"
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would result in the expansion of the
existing development to include new commercial and residential uses. The Phase I
Site Assessment identified recognized environmental conditions and historical
recognized environmental conditions that may pose a hazard to people or the
environment. Furthermore, naturally occurring emissions from the geothermal
activity may also pose a hazard to people if development were to be concentrated
in these areas.
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5.6.6 Mitigation Measures
5.6.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
5.6.6.2
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
Arrowhead Springs
AHS 5.6-1a
AHS 5.6-1 b
AHS 5.6-1c
llIllIi>'
Oil impacted materials identified onsite shall be properly cleaned and disposed of
in accordance state and local laws.
Soil samples shall be collected in the area surrounding the drying beds at the small
sanitary sewer treatment facility and shall be tested for elevated metal
concentrations.
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Prior to approval of Tentative Tract Maps in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area in the vicinity of the identified geothermal areas, the developer shall initiate a
risk assessment to identify possible risks associated with the development adjacent
to the geothermal activity of Arrowhead Springs. The risk analysis shall include a
risk assessment of radon, methane, propane, and mercury associated with the
geothermal vents, hot springs, and mercury accumulation in the soils where
development is to occur. Ventilation systems shall be designed in accordance with
the National Fire Protection Association guide to ensure that indoor air concen-
trations of these hazards associated with the geothermal activity would not result in
a hazard for building occupants. If an active (i.e. mechanically operated) ventilation
system is used, the developer would be required to obtain relevant permits from the
AQMD.
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Page 5.6-32 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.6.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with hazards to a level
that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating hazards and
hazardous materials have been identified.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.6-33
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5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.6-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.7 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
This section of the EIR evaluates the potential for implementation of both the General Plan Update and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan to impact the hydrology and water quality conditions in the City of San
Bernardino and within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. Hydrology deals with the distribution and
circulation of water, both on land and underground. Water quality deals with the quality of surface and
groundwater. Surface water is water on the surface of the land and includes lakes, rivers, streams, and
creeks. Groundwater is water below the surface of the earth. Water supply and wastewater treatment issues
are addressed in Section 5.15, Utilities and SeNice Systems.
The methodology used to prepare this section of the EIR included a review of information on water quality,
flooding, seiche and dam inundation hazards, and regulatory background as well as the preliminary
Drainage Study of the Arrowhead Springs project prepared by Transtech, Inc. The complete Drainage Study
is available in Volume III, Appendix F of the EIR. Current website information and pertinent documents from
the City of San Bernardino as well as other appropriate agencies was also used in preparation of this section
including the Water Quality Control Plan for the Santa Ana River. These agencies include the Southern
California Association of Governments (SCAG), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Santa Ana
Regional Water Quality Control Board, and the City of San Bernardino Municipal Water District.
5.7.1
Environmental Setting
Regulatory Background
Safe Drinking Water Act
The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) provides regulations on drinking water quality in San
Bernardino. The SDWA gives the EPA the authority to set drinking water standards, such as the National
Primary Drinking Water regulations (NPDWRs or primary standards). The NPDWRs protect drinking water
quality by limiting the levels of specific contaminants that are known to occur or have the potential to occur in
water and can adversely affect public health. All public water systems that provide service to 25 or more
individuals are required to satisfy these legally enforceable standards. Water purveyors must monitor for
these contaminants on fixed schedules and report to the EPA when a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
has been exceeded. MCL is the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system. Drinking water supplies are tested for a variety of contaminants, including
organic and inorganic chemicals (e.g., minerals), substances that are known to cause cancer (e.g., carcino-
gens), radionuclide (e.g., uranium and radon), and microbial contaminants (e.g., coliform and Escherichia
coli). Changes to the MCL list are typically made every three years, as the EPA adds new contaminants or,
based on new research or new case studies, revised MCLs for some contaminants are issued. The California
Department of Health Services, Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management is responsible for
implem~ntation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in the State of California.
Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the
waters ofthe United States and gives the EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs, such as
setting wastewater standards for industry. The CWA also continued requirements to set water quality
standards for all contaminants in surface waters and made it unlawful for any person to discharge any
pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained under its provisions (see
discussion on the NPDES below). The CWA also funded the construction of sewage treatment plants and
recognized the need for planning to address non-point sources of pollution. The CWA is regulated through
the State/Regional Water Quality control Boards.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.7-1
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5. Environmental Analysis
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), all facilities that discharge pollutants
from any point source into waters of the United States are required to obtain an NPDES permit. The term
pollutant broadly includes any type of industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharged into water.
Point sources are discharges from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), discharges from industrial
facilities, and discharges associated with urban runoff. While the NPDES program addresses certain specific
types of agricultural activities, the majority of agricultural facilities are defined as non-point sources and are
exempt from NPDES regulation. Pollutant contributors come from direct and indirect sources. Direct sources
discharge directly to receiving waters, whereas indirect sources discharge wastewater to a POTW, which in
turn discharges to receiving waters. Under the national program, NPDES permits are issued only to direct
point source dischargers. Municipal sources are POTWs that receive primarily domestic sewage from
residential and commercial customers. Specific NPDES program areas applicable to municipal sources are
the National Pretreatment Program, the Municipal Sewage Sludge Program, Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSOs), and the Municipal Storm Water Program. Non-municipal sources include industrial and commercial
facilities. Specific NPDES program areas applicable to industrial sources are: Process Wastewater Dis-
charges, Non-process Wastewater Discharges, and the Industrial Storm Water Program. NPDES issues two
basic permit types: individual and general. Also, the EPA has focused on integrating the NPDES program
further into watershed planning and permitting.
The NPDES has a variety of measures designed to minimize and reduce pollutant discharges. All counties
with a storm drain system that serve a population of 50,000 or more, as well as construction sites one acre or
more in size, must file for and obtain an NPDES permit. The Santa Ana RWQCB has issued an individual
NPDES municipal storm water (MS4) permit for San Bernardino County. The City of San Bernardino is listed
as a participating co-permittee of the County NPDES permit and the Public Works Department is the local
enforcing agency of the NPDES within the City. Another measure is the EPA's Storm Water Phase II Final
Rule. The Phase II Final Rule requires an operator of a regulated small MS4 to develop, implement, and
enforce a program (e.g., Best Management Practices, ordinance or other mechanism) to reduce pollutants in
post-construction runoff to their MS4 from new development and redevelopment projects that result in the
land disturbance of greater than or equal to one acre.
Plans and Programs
Water Quality Control Plan
In the State of California, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the nine RWQCBs are
responsible for implementing the California Porter-Cologne Quality Control Act (California Water Code),
which regulates water quality. The Water Quality Control Plan for the Santa Ana River Basin (Basin Plan)
gives direction on the beneficial uses of the state waters within Region 8, describes the water quality that
must be maintained to support such uses, and provides programs, projects, and other actions necessary to
achieve the standards established in the Basin Plan. The Santa Ana River RWQCB implements the Basin
Plan by issuing and enforcing waste discharge requirements to persons, such as individuals, communities,
or businesses whose waste discharges may affect water quality. These requirements are state Waste Dis-
charge Requirements for discharge to land, or federally delegated NPDES permits for discharges to surface
water. The Basin Plan is subject to continuous review and update as necessary.
National Flood Insurance Program
The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 mandates FEMA to
evaluate flood hazards. FEMA provides Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) for local and regional planners
to promote sound land use and floodplain development. FIRMs only identify potential flood areas based on
the conditions at the time of the study and do not consider the impacts of future development.
Page 5.7-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
To prepare FIRMs that illustrate the extend of flood hazards in a flood-prone community, FEMA conducts
engineering studies referred to as Flood Insurance Studies (FISs). Using information gathered in these
studies, FEMA engineers and cartographers delineate Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) on FIRMs.
SFHAs are those areas subject to inundation by a base flood, which FEMA sets as a 1 OO-year flood. The
100-year recurrence interval represents only the long-term average period between floods of a specific
magnitude. Rare floods can in fact occur at much shorter intervals or even within the same year. The
500-year flood is used to indicate additional areas of flood risk in the community.
The base flood is a regulatory standard used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NIFP) as the basis
for insurance requirements nationwide. The Flood DisasterProtection Act requires owners of all structures in
identified SFHAs to purchase and maintain flood insurance as a condition of receiving Federal or federally
related financial assistance, such as mortgage loans from federally insured lending institutions.
The base flood is also used by Federal agencies, as well as most county and State agencies to administer
floodplain management programs. The goals of floodplain management are to reduce losses caused by
floods while protecting the natural resources and functions of the floodplain. The basis of floodplain manage-
ment is the concept of the floodway. FEMA defines this as the channel of a river or other watercourse, and
the adjacent land areas that must be kept free of encroachment in order to discharge the base flood without
cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a certain height. The intention is not to
preclude development, but to assist communities in managing sound development in areas of potential
flooding. The community is responsible for prohibiting encroachments into the floodway unless it is
demonstrated by detailed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that the proposed development will not
increase the flood levels downstream.
The NFIP is required to offer federally subsidized flood insurance to property owners in those communities
that adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances that meet minimum criteria established by FEMA.
The National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 further strengthened the NFIP by providing a grant
program for State and community flood mitigation projects. The Act also established the Community Rating
System (CRS), a system for crediting communities that implement measures to protect the natural and
beneficial functions of their floodplains, as well as managing the erosion hazard.
~
The City of San Bernardino has participated as a regular member ofthe NFIP since July 16, 1979. The City's
most current effective FIRM maps are dated January 17, 1997.
Since the City is a participating ember of the NFIP, flood insurance is available to any property owner in the
City. In fact, to get secured financing to buy, build, or improve structures in SFHAs, property owners are
required to purchase flood insurance. Lending institutions that are federally regulated or federally insured
must determine if the structure is located in a SFHA and must provide written notice requiring flood
insurance. FEMA recommends that all property owners purchase and keep flood insurance.
5.7.1.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
Existing Conditions Related to Surface Water
Existing Regional Drainage System
The City of San Bernardino lies within the Santa Ana River Basin (Region 8) of the Regional Water Quality
Control Board. Region 8 extends from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains in the north and east
to Newport Bay along the coast. This Santa Ana River Basin is geographically the smallest region, at 2,800
square miles, yet contains one of the largest populations with almost five million people. The region contains
460 miles of streams, 21,090 acres of lakes and 24 miles of coastline.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5. 7-3
5. Environmental Analysis
The Santa Ana River is the largest stream system in southern California, and is also the region's main surface
water body. The Santa Ana River transports more than 125 million gallons per day of reclaimed water from
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties for recharge into the Orange County Groundwater Basin. This
recharge provides 40 percent of the Orange County water demand.
The Santa Ana River has a number of tributaries in the vicinity of San Bernardino that contribute flow to the
main stem of the river including Lytle Creek, East Twin Creek, East Warm Creek and San Timoteo Creek.
In the San Bernardino Area, the San Jacinto Fault (Bunker Hill Dike) forces groundwater to the surface. At
present, perennial flows in the middle Santa Ana River begin at the confluence with East Warm Creek, a short
distance upstream. The rising water area associated with the fault, now relatively small, was historically a
much larger swampy area with many large springs. San Timoteo Creek, which the Corps of Engineers plans
to line with concrete in the near future, joins the river in this area, and its flows are predominantly reclaimed
wastewater from Yucaipa and other upstream dischargers.
East Warm Creek near San Bernardino carries small amounts of water from various non-point sources as
well as some rising water. The City of San Bernardino publicly-owned wastewater treatment plant currently
discharges to this creek just upstream of where it joins the Santa Ana River, but the City plans to move its
point of discharge downstream in the near future. The river passes under several major highways and rail-
roads in this area, and parts of the river bottom are lined with concrete. West Warm Creek, fully improved by
the USCOE for flood control (but is usually dry), also joins the river in this area.
The main stern of the Santa Ana River is divided into six reaches. Each reach is generally a hydrologic and
water quality unit described as follows:
Reach 6 includes the river upstream of Seven Oaks Dam, now under construction. Flows consist largely of
snowmelt and storm runoff. Water quality tends to be very high.
Reach 5 extends from Seven Oaks dam to San Bernardino, to the San Jacinto Fault, which marks the
downstream edge of the Bunker Hill Groundwater Basin. Most of this reach tends to be dry, except as a
result of storm flows, and the channel is largely operated as a flood control facility. The extreme lower end of
this reach includes rising water and intermittently, San Timoteo Creek flows. Stormwater run-off from the City
of San Bernardino would primarily discharge into the lower end of this reach.
Beneficial uses of water in the reach have been determined to be Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN),
Agricultural Supply (AGR), Groundwater Recharge (GWR), Hydropower Generation (POW), Water Contact
Recreation (REC1), Non-contact Water Recreation (REC2), Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM), Wildlife
Habitat (WILD), and Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species (RARE). The beneficial use classifications
help define and establish water quality standards which are detailed in the Water Quality Control Plan for the
Santa Ana River Basin.
Reach 4 includes the river from the Bunker Hill Dike down to Mission Boulevard Bridge in Riverside. That
bridge marks the upstream limit of rising water induced by the flow constriction in the Riverside Narrows.
Until about 1985, rising water from upstream and wastewater discharges percolated and the lower part of the
reach was dry. Flows are now perennial, but may not remain so as new projects are built. Much of this reach
is also operated as a flood control facility.
Reach 3 includes the river from Mission Bridge to Prado Dam. In the Narrows, rising water reeds several
small tributaries (Sunnyslope Channel, Tequesquite Arroyo, and Anza Park Drain) which are important
breeding and nursery areas for the native fish. Temescal, Chino, and Mill/Cucamonga Creeks in Prado Basin
are also important river tributaries.
Page 5.7-4 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
Reach 2 carries all the upstream flows down through Santa Ana Canyon to Orange County, where as much
of the water as possible is recharged into the Orange County groundwater basin. The downstream end of the
forebay/recharge area and, therefore, the ordinary limit of surface flows, are at 17th Street in Santa Ana.
Reach 1 is normally dry flood control facility, presently being expanded and improved even further as part of
the USCOE Santa Ana River Project. This reach extends from 17th Street to the tidal prism at the ocean.
The primary water quality issue for the Santa Ana River watershed is degradation due to high concentrations
of nitrogen (primarily from past agricultural practices) and total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
Existing Local Drainage System
Storm drains and flood control facilities within the planning area include natural and man-made channels,
storm drains, street waterways, natural drainage courses, dams, basins, and levees. Storm drain and flood
control facilities are administered by City of San Bernardino, San Bernardino County Flood Control District,
Army Corps of Engineers, and San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center. Design and construc-
tion of storm drain and flood control facilities are the responsibility of the City Public Works Department. The
Public Services Department is responsible for the operation and maintenance of storm drain and flood
control facilities. San Bernardino's planning area encompasses 71 square miles, much of which is paved and
impervious to stormwater.
The San Bernardino County Flood Control District divides the City into subareas for planning purposes
pursuant to the District's Comprehensive Storm Drain Plans No.3, 4, 6, and 7. The City uses the Flood
Control District's Comprehensive Storm Drain Plans for the development of the City's storm drain system.
The City of San Bernardino requires all 1 O-year frequency storm waters, except for streetflows at intersection
points, be contained in the underground drain system. Storm flows in excess of the 1 O-yearfrequency storm
flow, but less than or equal to the 25-year storm flow, will be carried in the curbed portion of the street. Storm
flows associated with 100-year storms may be carried in the street right-of-way. One-hundred-year storm
flows may also be conveyed via a combination of storm drains sized to convey a 25-year storm in the curbed
part of the street with the balance of the flow conveyed in the street section.
The City of San Bernardino has established design criteria for both major and local drains within the City.
Major drains are systems using 36-inch or larger pipes (or equivalent channels) and are identified on the
comprehensive storm drain plans. Local drains are systems using less than 36-inch-diameter conduits.
Storm drains and flood control facilities within the City include: channels, storm drains, street waterways,
natural drainage courses, dams, basins, and levees. Some streets in the City of San Bernardino are
specifically designed to accommodate storm flow. Flows carried within the street right-of-way may cause
localized flooding during storms, possibly making some roads impassable during the storm event.
Flooding Hazards
San Bernardino, like most of southern California, is subject to unpredictable seasonal rainfall. Most years,
winter rains are scant. However, every few years the region is subjected to periods of intense and sustained
precipitation that result in flooding. Floods are natural and recurring events that become hazardous when
humans encroach onto floodplains modifying the landscape, increasing the amount of impervious surfaces,
and building structures in area meant to convey excess water during floods.
As part of the NFIP, Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) have been prepared which contain official
delineation of flood insurance zones and base flood elevation lines. FEMA periodically updates and refines
these maps. The 1 OO-year floodplain is confined to storm channels, debris basins, and between levees with a
few minor exceptions. A few isolated areas, including the Baseline Street and Sterling Avenue area, Mountain
View Avenue and Electric Avenue area, and south of Redlands Boulevard, east of Hunts Lane, are identified
as low areas within the 1 OO-year floodplain. The 1 OO-year flood plain is illustrated in Figure 5.7-1 .
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 7 - 5
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5. Environmental Analysis
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The Planning Center . Figure 5.7-1
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
Storms are not the only cause of flooding within the City. Basements and underground utility vaults may also
experience flooding in areas between the Santa Ana River and downtown due to the City's existing high
groundwater table (find additional discussion of naturally occurring springs in Section 5.5, Geology and
Soils).
The Santa Ana River Mainstem Project was designed to provide flood protection to the growing urban
communities in Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. The proposed improvements the system
cover 75 miles, from the headwaters of Santa Ana River east of San Bernardino to the mouth of the Pacific
Ocean between the cities of Newport Beach and Huntington Beach. The project increases levels of flood
protection to more than 3.35 million people within the three counties. The project includes seven inde-
pendent features, including Seven Oaks Dam, Mill Creek Levee, San Timoteo Creek, Oak Street Drain, Prado
Dam, Santiago Creek, and Lower Santa Ana River.
Dam Inundation
Seismically induced inundation refers to flooding that occurs when water retention structures (e.g., dams) fail
due to an earthquake. The California State Water Code contains statutes governing dam safety. These
statutes empower the California Division of Dam Safety to monitor the structural safety of dams that are
greater than 25 feet in dam height or have more than 50 acre-feet in storage capacity.
Seven Oaks Dam is a single purpose flood control project constructed by the USCOE. The dam is located on
the Santa Ana River in the upper Santa Ana Canyon eight miles northeast of the City of Redlands, which
borders the City of San Bernardino to the southeast. The dam is of earth and rock filled construction, is 550
feet in height and 2,600 feet wide.
The Dam operates in tandem with Prado Dam to provide flood protection to the region. During the early part
of each flood season, runoff is stored behind the dam in order to build a debris pool to protect the outlet
works. Small releases are made on a continual basis in order to maintain the downstream water supply. The
dam is designed to provide 350-year flood protection and withstand an earthquake of 8-plus magnitude.
During flood conditions, it creates a lake 500 feet deep extending three miles back into the canyon. In the
unlikely event of dam failure an inundation zone for the Seven Oaks Dam has been determined as shown on
Figure 5.7-2. The southeastern portion of the City would be affected.
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Inundation from Aboveground Water Storage Reservoirs
Seismically induced inundation can also occur if strong ground shaking causes structural damage to
aboveground water storage reservoirs. If a water tank is not adequately braced and baffled, sloshing water
can lift the tank off its foundation, splitting the shell, damaging the roof, and bulging the bottom of the tank.
Movement can also shear off the pipes leading to the tank releasing water through the broken pipes. These
types of damage occurred during southern California's 1992 Landers, 1992 Big Bear, and 1994 Northridge
earthquakes. New standards for design of steel water tanks were adopted in 1994.
Seiches
A seiche is a free or standing-wave oscillation ofthe surface of water in an enclosed or semi-enclosed basin,
such as a lake, bay, harbor, pond, reservoir, swimming pool, and other body of water that is initiated chiefly
by local changes in atmospheric pressure, aided by winds, tidal currents, and earthquakes, and that con-
tinues, pendulum-fashion, for a time after cessation of the originating force. The hazard is dependent upon
specific earthquake parameters (e.g., frequency of the seismic waves, distance and direction from the
epicenter), as well as Site-specific design of the enclosed bodies of water, and is thus difficult to predict.
Developments with homes near man-made lakes may be vulnerable to this hazard. Sloshing within steel
water tanks can cause damage or failure of the structure. Minor seiching in swimming pools can also occur.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.7-9
5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.7-10 . The Planning Center
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Nole: The immooted arees shown on this mep renect
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJIociated Sperifir Plam EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.7-2
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Mudflows and Debris Flows
A rnudflow is a mass of water and fine-grained earth materials that flows down a stream, ravine, canyon,
arroyo, or gulch. If more than half of the solids in the mass are larger than sand grains (e.g., rocks, stones,
boulders), then the event is called a debris flow. Debris and mudflows are a combination of fast moving
water and a great volume of sediment and debris that surges down slope with tremendous force. They are
similar to flash floods and can occur suddenly without time for adequate warning. Most streams in the San
Bernardino area have the potential to carry large amounts of debris, or debris flow. Mudflows may also occur
near hills and mountains. Development at the base of the mountains and downstream from canyons has the
potential to convey mudflows.
Existing Conditions Related to Groundwater
Groundwater Supply
Groundwater is water that is found below the ground surface in water bearing formations called aquifers. An
aquifer is a geologic formation that is sufficiently permeable to conduct groundwater, and to yield significant
quantities of water to wells and springs. Perched ground water is a body of water located above a permanent
groundwater zone and separated from it by a soil or bedrock zone of low permeability.
Groundwater basins are areas with highly permeable soils that allow for the replenishment of the aquifers.
These basins are usually located along streambeds and in alluvial fans where permeable soils are generally
found. The quantity of groundwater found in an aquifer is dependent upon the specific geologic and
hydrologic conditions in an area. Most of the readily extractable groundwater is obtained from aquifers
consisting of recent alluvium, with smaller quantities of groundwater found in jointed bedrock and residuum.
Extensive groundwater basins underlie much of the San Bernardino region. San Bernardino overlies the
Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin, Bunker Hill Subbasin. The Bunker Hill Basin consists of the
alluvial materials that underlie the San Bernardino Valley. This Basin is bounded by contact with consolidated
rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, Crafton Hills, and by several faults. The
Santa Ana River, Mill Creek and Lytle Creek are the main tributary streams in the Basin.
The Basin is filled from rain and snow melt that filters down through the San Bernardino Mountains.'
Recharge to the Bunker Hill Basin historically has resulted from infiltration of runoff from the San Gabriel and
San Bernardino Mountains. The Santa Ana River, Mill Creek and Lytle Creek contribute more than 60 percent
of the total recharge to the ground-water system. Lesser contributors include Cajon Creek, San Timoteo
Creek, and most of the creeks flowing southward out of the San Bernardino Mountains such as East Twin
Creek. Total groundwater storage of the Basin is 5,976,000 acre-feet,2 while as of 1998 the total amount of
water in the Basin was 5,890,300 acre-feet.
The water-bearing material in the Basin consists of Holocene and Pleistocene age alluvial deposits of sand,
gravel, and boulders interspersed with deposits of silt and clay. The water-bearing material has been divided
into upper and lower aquifers. In the central part of the Basin, a poorly permeable clay layer separates the
aquifers, creating confined conditions in the lower aquifer under about 25 square miles of the valley.
Maximum thickness of the upper aquifer is approximately 350 feet, and maximum thickness of the lower
aquifer is approximately 650 feet. Groundwater generally converges toward the Santa Ana River in the
southwestern part of the Basin and discharges over the San Jacinto fault at Colton Narrows.
1 City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department, Urban Water Management Plan Update for the planning period 2000-2020,
January 2002.
2 California's Groundwater Bulletin 118, February 27, 2004
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.7-13
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5. Environmental Analysis
San Bernardino gets one hundred percent of its water from the Bunker Hill Basin. San Bernardino Municipal
Water Department owns a total of 60 wells in the basin, some as much as 1 ,200 foot deep, that tap into the
aquifer. Portions of the Bunker Hill Basin, however, have been contaminated by certain chemical constituents
as discussed in Section 5.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials. For additional discussion of water supply,
please see Section 5.15, Utilities.
5.7.1.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Existing Conditions Related to Surface Water
Existing Drainage System
Arrowhead Springs is located within the West Twin Creek (Waterman Canyon) and East Twin Creek
watersheds, as shown in Figure 5.7-3, Arrowhead Springs Drainage Map. Both of these watersheds extend
well beyond to the north and east of the Arrowhead Springs property. There are three primary water courses
that flow through the Arrowhead Springs property, with a peak flow of over seven million gallons of water per
day passing through the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. East Twin Creek out of Coldwater Canyon,
Strawberry Creek, and West Twin Creek, which flows through Waterman Canyon, compose the major
waterways. Each has numerous contributing un-named tributaries. Strawberry Creek joins East Twin Creek
near the eastern edge of the currently developed resort facilities. East Twin Creek and West Twin Creek
converge south of the property, where flows continue south toward 40th Street through the County of San
Bernardino Flood Control District percolation basins. Drainage than continues in a southerly direction
through the City along improved drainage channels, ultimately discharging into the Santa Ana River (see
Figure 3.1-2 for relationship to regional water systems). In addition, there are several locations where hot
thermal springs and cold springs spill out onto the ground due to the unique geology of the area which is
described in greater detail in Section 5.5, Geology and Soils, of this EIR. Known springs are named Granite
Springs, Penyugal Springs, the Steam Caves, and another abandoned hot spring exists near West Twin
Creek.
The developed area of the Arrowhead Springs property has a limited stormwater collection system that
consists of a combination of either curbed roads and/or gutters (water ways) that direct storrnwater to an
underground piping system that discharges to either Lake Vonette, East Twin or West Twin Creek, or an
unnamed tributary west of the hotel sometimes referred to as Hot Springs Creek. Smaller roadways (local
streets) direct run-off into landscaped areas.
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) is finishing construction of a pipeline (the
Inland Feeder Project) across West Twin Creek and East Twin Creek for delivery of State Water to southern
California. This construction has disturbed the natural conditions of these two drainages which can be seen
in the photos in Figure 5.1-5 (in the Aesthetics section) and planned restoration has not been implemented at
this time.
East Twin Creek Watershed
The East Twin Creek Watershed includes the drainages of Strawberry Creek, Coldwater Canyon (source of
East Twin Creek) and unnamed streams contributing to East Twin Creek. The over 1,100 acres of this
watershed is within the eastern portion of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. The balance of the
watershed is within U.S. Forest Service property to the east and north of the Arrowhead Springs property
without human occupancy.
Page 5.7-] 4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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San Bernardino General Plan Update am AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
NOT TO SCALE
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Water had been diverted from Coldwater Canyon for many years to provide the domestic water for the hotels
and out-buildings currently existing on the project site. Use of that water as a source of drinking water has
been discontinued; however the water is still used for irrigation purposes. Water gage records show that
water from Coldwater Canyon maintains a minimum continuous flow of 0.5 million gallons per day. Water
from the East Twin Creek watershed varies during the year with highest flows during the winter months.
The Santa Ana River Basin Water Quality Control Plan of 1995 included the East Twin Creek watershed as
contributing to the Santa Ana River and thus determined beneficial uses for these streams. Those beneficial
uses are MUN, AGR, GWR, REC1 , REC2, Cold Freshwater Habitat (COLD), WILD, and Spawning, Reproduc-
tion and Development (SPWN), which are waters that support high quality aquatic habitat. Only one water
quality objective for TSD has been established for this watershed of 475 milligrams per liter (mg/L).
West Twin Creek Watershed
The West Twin Creek watershed including Waterman Canyon runs north-south through the western edge of
the property, roughly parallel to SR-18 and extends more than a mile to the north of the Arrowhead Springs
property. Throughout this watershed and in close proximity to West Twin Creek are a number of residences
that rely on septic systems, which makes this watershed an undesirable source of drinking water. Addi-
tionally Waterman Canyon has experienced periodic rapid flooding conditions that produce considerable
turbidity.
Beneficial uses of the West Twin Creek watershed (Waterman Canyon Creek) were determined to be MUN,
GWR, REC1 , REC2, COLD and WILD. The TSD level established for West Twin Creek was 250 mg/L.
Flooding Hazards
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A specific 1 OO-year floodplain elevation has not been determined for all of East and West Twin Creeks within
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area; however, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) depicts the flood plain boundaries to the north and south of the major
portions of the project site. There are a limited number of residences in Waterman Canyon, just outside the
Specific Plan boundary, that have experienced periodic flooding or threat offlooding. Potential "waters of the
U.S." as determined by Natural Resources Assessment, Inc., as part of the biological resources assessment
of the Arrowhead Springs property, are shown in Figure 5.3-4. This determination of "waters of the U.S." may
not necessarily show the extent of the 1 OO-year floodplain, but does given an indication that water can
spread from side to side of the creek canyons, especially Waterman Canyon.
Existing Water Rights
The West Twin Creek Mutual Water Company and the Del Rosa Mutual Water Company provide water for
domestic and/or irrigation water through either on-site wells or withdrawal from East or West Twin Creeks.
These mutual water companies have long standing water rights from these streams that are discussed in
Section 5.15.1 , Water Supply and Distribution, and in Volume III, Appendix I. According to the Water Supply
Assessment in Appendix I, the recorded average annual production from on-site wells is 81.93 acre-feet for
domestic water supplies and an average of 1,733.33 acre-feet of water is withdrawn annually from streams
for irrigation.
Existing Conditions Related to Groundwater
The southern portion of Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is generally located within northernmost part
of the Bunker Hill (groundwater) Sub-basin, which is thought to extend as far north as the San Andreas Fault.
This basin has been described above in Section 5.7.1.1. The Del Rosa Mutual Water Company has an
existing service area that encompasses parts ofthe Bunker Hill Sub-basin and has retrieved water from wells
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.7-17
5. Environmental Analysis
in the Basin in the past through shares held in the company by the City of San Bernardino, but no water is
currently withdrawn in the basin and the City no longer owns shares in the company.
Four on-site wells (Rod's Well, Football Filed Well, Rowan Well and Strawberry Creek Well) supply the
average total 81.93 acre-feet of water that is withdrawn for drinking water. These wells are relatively shallow,
according to the Water Supply Assessment, and are very low producers but are sufficient for present needs.
Two hot geothermal wells supply an average of 28.57 acre-feet of water per year that is primarily used for
heating of on-site structures.
5.7.2
Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
HD-1
HD-2
Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements.
Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a
lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-
existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land
uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted.
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HD-3
Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through
the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in a
substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site.
HD-4
Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern ofthe site or area, including through
the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or
amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site.
HD-5
Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or
planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff.
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HD-6
Otherwise substantially degrade water quality.
Place housing within a 1 OO-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood
Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation
map.
HD-7
HD-8
Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures which would impede or
redirect flood flows.
HD-9
Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving
flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam.
HD-lO
Be subject to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow.
Page 5.7-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.7.3 Environmental Impacts
5.7.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
The General Plan Update involves a minimal number of changes to existing land uses in San Bernardino and
its SOl with most changes reflecting the existing uses. The primarily focus of the update was to streamline
and simplify the document and update goals and policies to reflect actions already taken and include
contemporary laws and information. An analysis of the project impacts, as they relate to hydrology and water
quality in the San Bernardino area, is provided in this section of the EIR.
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
GP IMPACT 5.7-1:
FULL BUILDOUT OF THE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE WOULD RESULT IN AN
INCREASE IN CONSTRUCTION, CREATING THE POTENTIAL FOR SHORT-
TERM UNQUANTIFIABLE INCREASES IN POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS
FROM THE INDIVIDUAL PROJECT SITES. AFTER PROJECT DEVELOPMENT,
THE QUALITY OF STORM RUNOFF (SEDIMENT, NUTRIENTS, METALS,
PESTICIDES, PATHOGENS, AND HYDROCARBONS) MAY BE ALTERED.
[THRESHOLDS HD-1 AND HD-6]
Impact Analysis: The majority of land potentially available for development within the City of San Bernardino
has been urbanized; therefore, the implementation of the General Plan Update is not expected to result in a
significant increase in runoff volumes. The City's Sphere of Influence, however, does contain vacant and
undeveloped areas that with urbanization would contribute urban runoff and/or stormwater runoff to the local
drainage system through an increase in impervious surfaces. An increase in the amount of impervious
surfaces interrupts the natural cycle of gradual percolation of water through vegetation and soil. Instead of
natural percolation, large volumes of runoff are quickly routed from surfaces, such as asphalt and concrete,
to drainage systems. Effects of this process can include streambank scouring and downstream flooding,
both potential problems in the San Bernardino area. The Municipal Code, as well as the NPDES program
requires all future development of one acre or more to manage stormwater from construction sites in a
manner which would reduce impacts to water quality. Section 5.15.2, Wastewater Treatment and Collection,
contains additional discussion regarding potential discharge to the Santa Ana watershed from future
wastewater treatment facilities. The City will, however, examine all projects with soil disturbing activities.
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GP IMPACT 5.7-2:
DEVELOPMENT PURSUANT TO THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN UPDATE
WOULD NOT SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF IMPERVIOUS
SURFACES THROUGHOUT THE CITY AND SOl AND THEREFORE IMPACTS TO
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE WOULD BE MINIMAL. [THRESHOLD HD-2]
Impact Analysis: The General Plan Update would not result in a significant reduction in groundwater
recharge due to the limited amount of vacant area available for development that could be turned into
impervious surfaces. As stated previously, an increase in the amount of imperious surfaces could interrupt
the natural cycle of gradual percolation of water through vegetation and soil in groundwater recharge areas.
The Bunker Hill Basin has a safe yield of 232,100 acre-feet annually. The Basin is not currently in overdraft
condition and is pumping water to relieve high groundwater conditions in some lower sections of the Basin.
Additionally, percolation basins have been established in several locations near the north boundary of the
City to capture mountain stream run-off for recharge to the Basin and control flooding. The Basin is the
primary supply of drinking water for the City and surrounding jurisdictions. In addition, the General Plan
Update contains goals, policies and programs encouraging water conservation and preservation of the
percolation basins. Additional discussion of water supply and demand can be found in Section 5.15.1.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5. 7-19
5.
Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.7-3:
DEVELOPMENT PURSUANT TO THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN BUILDOUT
WOULD NOT S/GNIFICANTL Y ALTER EXISTING DRAINAGE PA TTERNS IN THE
CITY AND SOl BUT WOULD INCREMENTALLY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF
IMPERVIOUS SURFACES. THE RESULTING INCREASE IN STORM WATER
FLOWS WOULD NOT SUBSTANTIALLY IMPACT EXISTING DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS WITHIN THE WATERSHED. [THRESHOLSD HD-3, HD-4, AND HD-5]
Impact Analysis: Buildout according to the General Plan Update is not likely to result in the alteration of the
course of a stream or river. However, implementation of the General Plan Update may alter the existing
localized (project level) drainage patterns within the San Bernardino area and increase the amount of
impervious surfaces through the continued development of vacant areas. New development would be
required to size storm water drainage facilities appropriately. The amount of vacant land available for
development is somewhat limited, however. Natural erosion processes are often accelerated through human
activities such as land development through grading and the reduction of surface area. The extreme
topographic relief between the valley and the surrounding mountains makes erosion and sedimentation an
important issue for some areas of San Bernardino. Erosion on steep or graded slopes especially in the
northern portion of the City can contribute to slope failure hazards in the City. The City does have a Hillside
Management Overlay Zone to regulate development that would alter slopes in these areas.
Any impact to the drainage pattern and potential erosion hazards would be mitigated on a project by project
basis by adherence to NPDES requirements as well as the City's Municipal Code, which includes provisions
for on-site stormwater retention for undeveloped properties of one acre or more in size. Additionally, the
General Plan contains methods to reduce erosion through goals, policies, and programs related to the
protection of the drainage systems. The General Plan policies also require compliance with the NPDES
program.
GP IMPACT 5.7-4:
PORTIONS OF THE CITY AND SOl ARE LOCATED WITHIN A 100-YEAR FLOOD
HAZARD AREA. [THRESHOLDS HD.7 AND HD-B]
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino area has the potential for flooding problems related to the Santa Ana
River and its tributaries. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE) has rated the potential of the
Santa Ana River system for disastrous flood damage as the greatest west of the Mississippi due to its large
drainage area (177 square miles). There have been 14 significant floods in the Santa Ana Basin since 1900,
with the latest one occurring in 1978. Although significant strides have been made to reduce potential
flooding impacts due to the overflow of the Santa Ana River, such as the recently completed Seven Oaks
dam, there are some areas within the City that are still within the 1 OO-year flood zone. They are primarily
limited to drainages flowing out of the mountains to the north, the percolation ponds, Lytle Creek, Cajon
Creek and areas adjacent the Santa Ana River, which can be seen in Figure 3.1-2. The mountain drainages
can contribute to flash-flooding, the most recent event occurring on Christmas Day in 2003. Most drainages
that are tributary to the Santa Ana River within the City have been confined to lined channels where flooding
can be reasonably controlled.
Future development of structures for human occupancy should be restricted or prohibited within the 100-
year flood zone and critical facilities should be restricted or prohibited within the 500-year flood zone,
contingent on whether acceptable engineering measures can be applied to reduce the hazard. Critical
facilities such as schools should have evacuation plans in place that cover the possibility of flooding.
Facilities using, storing, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials
should not be permitted in the flood zones, unless all standards of elevation, anchoring, and flood proofing
have been satisfied, and hazardous materials are stored in watertight containers that will not float. Camp-
grounds and other similar types of activities should also be prohibited in high-risk flood areas, at least during
the rainy season.
Page 5.7-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
The implementation of the General Plan Update has limited potential to expose people or structures to the
risk of flooding due to the confinement of most drainages in flood control devices and land use designations
that restrict residential development in flood prone areas. Flood prone areas (1 OO-year flood plain) outside of
the existing flood control devices are limited to a few isolated areas as shown in Figure 5.7-1 that are
surrounded by development. Development in these isolated flood-prone areas would increase impervious
surfaces, such as asphalt, and reduce the absorption of water into the ground, which results in runoff to
downstream areas. However, any additional development in these areas would be required to improve the
site (such as raising the elevation) and provide on-site storm drain systems to avoid the risk of isolated
flooding.
GP IMPACT 5.7-5:
PORTIONS OF THE CITY ARE LOCATED WITHIN THE INUNDATION AREA OF
THE SEVEN OAKS DAM. [THRESHOLD HD-9]
Impact Analysis: The Seven Oaks Dam is the closest darn to the City of San Bernardino. Several areas
within the City of San Bernardino are located within the inundation area of the Seven Oaks dam, which is
located eight miles northeast of the City of Redlands. Although failure of the dam would release a significant
amount of water (approximately 145,600 acre-feet of water during flood conditions) the dam is engineered to
withstand an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, with any point able to sustain a displacement of
four feet without causing any overall structural damage. The proposed General Plan contains policies that
prohibit land use development in inundation prone areas intended for human occupancy which would limit
risk to the population in the event of dam failure. The inundation zone is primarily limited to industrial uses.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE WOULD NOT RESULT IN
INUNDATION BY SEICHE OR TSUNAMI HOWEVER LOCALIZED MUDFLOWS
COULD OCCUR IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA ON THE NORTHERN CITY (:f"\
BOUNDARY. [THRESHOLD HD-10] ~
Impact Analysis: A seiche is a small tidal wave that occurs in a lake or other enclosed body of water.
Seiches may be generated by ground motion during an earthquake. A seiche may cause an overflow of a
lake, reservoir or lagoon. No features of this nature exist in San Bernardino or the SOl. A tsunami is a high
ocean wave generated by a submarine earthquake or volcanic eruption. San Bernardino is located inland
and would not be affected by tsunamis.
GP IMPACT 5.7-6:
The Santa Ana River and its tributaries especially those out of the mountainous areas have the potential to
carry large amounts of debris, or debris flow. Debris has the potential to fill or plug structures designed to
collect and convey runoff, forcing floodwaters into the adjacent areas. Rapidly moving flows heavily laden
with debris are also extremely dangerous. Mudflows are a potential hazard in San Bernardino, as well,
especially to development at the base of the mountains. However, development of vacant areas would be
required to adhere to the Hillside Management Overlay Zone and meet the requirements of the Santa Ana
Region Area-Wide Urban Strom Water Run-off permit (NPDES) which would limit the potential for mudflow.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to hydrology and water
quality include:
Land Use Element
Policy 2.6.3: Capitalize on the recreational and environmental resources offered by the Santa Ana River and
Cajon Wash by requiring the dedication and development of pedestrian and greenbelt linkages.
Policy 2. 7.2: Work with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District to create additional water storage
capacity and take advantage of the abundant water supplies.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.7-21
5. Environmental Analysis
Utilities Element
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Policy 9.3.1: Provide for the construction of upgraded and expanded water supply, transmission,
distribution, storage, and treatment facilities to support existing and new development.
....
Policy 9.4.1: Ensure that adequate storm drain and flood control facilities are provided in a timely manner to
protect life and property from flood hazards.
Policy 9.4.2: Upgrade and expand storm drain and flood control facilities to eliminate deficiencies and
protect existing and new development.
Policy 9.4.4: Require that adequate storm drain and flood control facilities be in place prior to the issuance
of certificates of occupancy. Where construction of master planned facilities is not feasible, the Mayor and
Common Council may permit the construction of interim facilities sufficient to protect present and short-term
future needs.
...
Policy 9.4.5: Implement flood control improvements that maintain the integrity of significant riparian and
other environmental habitats.
Policy 9.4.6: Minimize the disturbance of natural water bodies and natural drainage systems.
Policy 9.4. 7: Develop San Bernardino's flood control system for multi-purpose uses, whenever practical and
financially feasible.
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Policy 9.4.8: Minimize the amount of impervious surfaces in conjunction with new development.
Policy 9.4.9: Develop and implement policies for adopting Sustainable Stormwater Management
approaches that rely on infiltration of stormwater into soils over detention basins or channels. Sustainable
Stormwater Management techniques include use of pervious pavements, garden roofs, and bioswales to
treat storrnwater, and reusing stormwater for non-potable water uses such as landscape irrigation and
toilet/urinal flushing.
Policy 9.4.10: Ensure compliance with the Federal Clean Water Act requirements for National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, including requiring the development of Water Quality
Management Plans, Erosion and Sediment Control Plans, and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for all
qualifying public and private development and significant redevelopment in the City.
Policy 9.4.11: Implement an urban runoff reduction program consistent with regional and federal
requirements, which includes requiring and encouraging the following examples of Best Management
Practices (BMPs) in all developments:
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· Increase permeable areas, install filtration controls (including grass lined swales and gravel beds),
and divert flow to these permeable areas to allow more percolation of runoff into the ground;
...
· Use natural drainage, detention ponds, or infiltration pits to collect and filter runoff;
· Prevent rainfall from entering material and waste storage areas and pollution-laden surfaces; and
1JIIlI>"
· Require new development and significant redevelopment to utilize site preparation, grading, and
other BMPs that provide erosion and sediment control to prevent construction-related contaminants
from leaving the site and polluting waterways.
Page 5.7-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Safety Element
Policy 10.4.1: Promote integrated inter-agency review and participation in water resource evaluation and
mitigation programs.
Policy 10.4.2: Protect surface water and groundwater from contamination.
Policy 10.4.3: Eliminate or remediate old sources of water contamination generated by hazardous materials
and uses.
Policy 10.4.4: Develop programs and incentives for prevention of groundwater contamination and clean up
of known contaminated sites.
Policy 10.5.1: Ensure compliance with the Federal Clean Water Act requirements for National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, including developing and requiring the development of
Water Quality Management Plans for all new development and significant redevelopment in the City.
Policy 10.5.2: Continue to implement an urban runoff reduction program consistent with regional and
federal requirements, which includes requiring and encouraging the following:
. Increase permeable areas to allow more percolation of runoff into the ground;
. Use natural drainage, detention ponds or infiltration pits to collect runoff;
. Divert and catch runoff using swales, berms, green strip filters, gravel beds and French drains;
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. Install rain gutters and orient them towards permeable surfaces;
. Construct property grades to divert flow to permeable areas;
. Use subsurface areas for storm runoff either for reuse or to enable release of runoff at predetermined
times or rates to minimize peak discharge into storm drains;
. Use porous materials, wherever possible, for construction of driveways, walkways and parking lots;
and
. Divert runoff away from material and waste storage areas and pollution-laden surfaces such as
parking lot.
Policy 10.5.3: Cooperate with surrounding jurisdictions and the County to provide adequate storm drainage
facilities.
Policy 10.5.4: Require new development and significant redevelopment to utilize site preparation, grading
and foundation designs that provide erosion control to prevent sedimentation and contamination of
waterways.
Policy 10.5.5: Ensure compliance with the requirements for Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans or
Water Quality Management Plans for all new development or construction activities.
Policy 10.5.6: Coordinate with appropriate federal, state, and local resource agencies on development
projects and construction activities affecting waterways and drainages.
Policy 10.6.1: Maintain flood control systems and restrict development to minimize hazards due to flooding.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.7-23
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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Policy 10.6.2: Use natural watercourses as the City's primary flood control channels whenever feasible.
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Policy 10.6.3: Keep natural drainage courses free of obstructions.
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Policy 10.6.4: Evaluate all development proposals located in areas that are subject to flooding to minimize
the exposure of life and property to potential flood risks.
Policy 10.6.5: Prohibit land use development and/or the construction of any structure intended for human
occupancy within the 100-year flood plain as mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) unless adequate mitigation is provided against flood hazards.
Policy 10.6.6: Encourage new development to utilize and enhance existing natural streams, as feasible.
Policy 10.6.7: Utilize flood control methods that are consistent with Regional Water Quality Control Board
Policies and Best Management Practices (BMPs).
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Policy 10.6.8: Review development proposals for projects within the City's Sphere of Influence and
encourage the County to disapprove any project that cannot be protected with an adequate storm drain
system.
(IlIIIF'
Policy 10.6.9: Ensure major drains in developed areas have a pipeline capacity to comply with the Flood
Control District's Comprehensive Storm Drain Plans for development of the City's storm drain system.
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Policy 10.6.10: Design local drains in foothill areas to convey 25-year storm flows where downstream
systems are lacking and street systems are not present.
Policy 10.6.11: Design major drains in foothill to convey 100-year flows within a pipe or channel areas
where downstream systems are lacking and street systems are' not present.
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Policy 10.6.12: Develop a process to study flooding issues and create appropriate regulations. This could
include the creation of "alluvial districts," local quasi-government entities designed to inform homeowners of
flood risks as well as advise the floodplain land use decisions of the City.
jW.
Energy and Water Conservation Element
Policy 13.2.1: Coordinate and monitor the City's water conservation efforts on an annual basis and modify
or expand them as necessary to ensure their effectiveness.
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Policy 13.2.2: Require that development not degrade surface or groundwater, especially in watersheds, or
areas with high groundwater tables or highly permeable soils.
Policy 13.2.3: Consider the establishment of incentives, funding programs, or a rebate program for projects
that implement water conservation measures, such as replacing aging, leaking, and/or inefficient plumbing
with more efficient, water-saving plumbing.
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Policy 13.2.4: Require the use of reclaimed water for landscape irrigation and other non-contact uses for
industrial projects, golf courses, and freeways.
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Policy 13.2.5: Mitigate degradation of the groundwater basins that may have already occurred by existing
commercial, industrial, and other uses.
Policy 13.2.7: Require that new development incorporate improvements to channel storm runoff to public
storm drainage systems and prevent discharge of pollutants into the groundwater basins and waterways.
Page 5.7-24. The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 13.2.8: Require that development in the City's watersheds incorporate adequate landscape and
groundcover to prevent slope erosion and significant sedimentation of canyon drainages.
5.7.3.2
Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area consists of approximately 1,916 acres, of which 506 acres would
be more intensively developed. Approximately 200 acres is currently developed as (former) resort facilities
including small office buildings and maintenance facilities.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-1:
DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT, THERE
IS THE POTENTIAL FOR SHORT.TERM UNQUANTIFIABLE INCREASES IN
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS FROM THE SITE. AFTER PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT, THE QUALITY OF STORM WATER RUNOFF (SEDIMENT,
NUTRIENTS, METALS, PESTICIDES, PATHOGENS, AND HYDROCARBONS)
MAY BE ALTERED. {THRESHOLDS HD-1 AND HD-6]
Impact Analysis: The proposed project is located within the Waterman Canyon (West Twin Creek) and East
Twin Creek watersheds. These water courses are tributary to the Santa Ana River and would also be the
source of irrigation water and drinking water for the development. The project would involve the construction
of new buildings, residences, golf course, utility relocations, and roadway construction. As part of the
proposed project, a portion of West Twin Creek in Waterman Canyon would be altered during construction
tile golf course and residential areas. Construction of the proposed project and operation of planned land
uses could impact water quality on surface and ground water resources.
In the initial stages of project development, vegetation removal, earth moving activities and grading
associated with project construction would have the potential to increase pollutant concentrations from the
site. Implementation of the specific plan would require grading of approximately 300 acres of undisturbed
soil and redevelopment of the existing development footprint of approximately 200 acres. Excavation and
embankments would be required to construct the building pads, transportation improvements, and utilities
associated with project development. Additionally, retaining walls would be needed in some locations for cut
and fill purposes. Approximately 7,000,000 cubic yards of earth would be cut from undeveloped slopes and
moved as fill to establish a base grade for new development areas. Cut and fill would be balanced on-site,
with an additional 1 ,000,000 cubic yards potentially being moved to rernediate landslide areas. Additional
grading may also be required to establish pad sites for drinking water reservoirs and access roads to reach
them. Within the specific plan area, many areas would be protected from disturbance to preserve open
space and the existing native vegetation. Due to the project's proximity to perennial waterways, during the
rainy season in particular, construction activities could lead to temporary impacts on surface water quarter
quality. Construction activities could result in an increase in sediment deposited in local streams, the release
of other pollutants associated with construction, and/or increased soil erosion that could adversely affect
these watercourses.
Within the existing facility area, vegetation would also be removed from some areas, demolition of buildings
would take place and some grading conducted to establish expanded roadways, parking areas and pads for
existing facility expansion. The conceptual grading plan is shown in Figure 3.3-6. Mass grading and the
removal of vegetation during project construction would expose site soils to rain, sheet-flow and gullying
erosion prior to development and revegetation of the site. The cleared, exposed surfaces and soil stockpiles
created during construction could create sedimentation in downstream waters.
Development of the site would urbanize a total of approximately 506 acres, including 199 acres for a golf
course, which would result in substantial alteration in the existing site conditions and the introduction of
urban pollutant sources. Urban runoff would typically contain oils, grease, fuels, by products of combustion
and other household pollutants. Additionally, runoff from the golf course could contain pesticides and
nitrates from fertilizers as a result of golf course operations. The nitrates could increase the nutrient loading
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.7-25
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5.
Environmental Analysis
in surface waters, encouraging algal booms, and disturbing the nutrient cycling process. Fertilizers and
pesticides could also percolate through the soil and contaminate local groundwater.
Ponding, detention and flood routing is proposed along the golf course as a method to mitigate peak
discharges of some stormwater from the development; however recycled water is also expected to be stored
in open lined reservoirs in the same areas. Unless specifically designed, recycled water could be com-
mingled with stormwater during flooding events with potential to impact downstream water quality. The use
of recycled water for irrigation around the development may also have the potential to reach the drinking
water intake of East Twin Creek. The location of the drinking water intake and areas to be irrigated with
recycled water has not been specifically identified.
Stormwater management is the key in the control and prevention of water quality degradation. There are
many Best Management Practices (BMPs) available for achieving the best possible water quality. BMPs are
required and would protect receiving waters from degradation and correct existing problems. Common
BMPs include structural control as well as nonstructural controls. Structural controls used in the manage-
ment of storrnwater in commercial and residential areas are typically used for the purpose of restoring the
quality of water exiting the site to the quality existing before the project development. These systems could
provide pollutant removal as well as reduce peak flow rates. Typical structural controls for use with the
proposed land uses and site characteristics could include detention basins, water quality inlets or oil/grit
separators, grassed swales, filter strips, porous pavement, slope protection, storm drain system stenciling
and signage, proper trash storage area design, proper hazardous materials outdoor storage design efficient
irrigation and landscape design. Non-structural controls emphasize controlling the source of pollutants. The
two most frequently used source controls are erosion/sediment control ordinances and public education.
Others include activity restrictions, BMP maintenance, common area landscape management, spill
contingency management, street sweeping and common area catch basin inspection.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-2:
DEVELOPMENT PURSUANT TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD
INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES ON THE SITE AND
UTILIZE SURFACE WATERS OTHERWISE DESTINED FOR GROUNDWATER
RECHARGE REDUCING OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE.
[THRESHOLD HD-2}
Impact Analysis: The proposed project is located in the San Bernardino Groundwater Basin (Bunker Hill
Sub-basin). Implementation ofthe specific plan would involve the development of approximately 506 acres of
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. Project implementation would increase the amount of impervious
surfaces in the area, thus impacting the opportunity for groundwater recharge. Recharge to the Basin
historically has resulted from infiltration of runoff from the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, with
more than 60 percent of the recharge coming from the Santa Ana River, Mill Creek and Lytle Creek. Lesser
contributors include Cajon Creek, San Timoteo Creek and most of the creeks flowing southward out of the
San Bernardino Mountains. The proposed project site is located within the West Twin Creek (Waterman
Canyon) and East Twin Creek watersheds, which contribute to groundwater recharge through the perco-
lation basins south of the Arrowhead Springs property but have not been identified as a significant
groundwater recharge area by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board.
However, the proposed project would take significant quantities of water from the surface water streams in
the project area and/or retrieve through wells in the Basin excess water that would normally reach the
percolation ponds, which would reduce the amount of water available for groundwater recharge in the Basin.
No location has been established for these wells but they would be located nearby off-site, south of the
Arrowhead Springs property, with connecting infrastructure. The Arrowhead Springs project is estimated to
require a total of 4,035 acre-feet of water per year for domestic and irrigation purposes all derived directly or
indirectly (through wells in the Basin) from the West Twin and East Twin Creek watershed. Approximately
977 acre-feet would be recovered through reclamation of wastewater to be used for irrigation. Impacts to
Page 5.7-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Waters of the United States due to taking water from the streams can be found in Section 5.4 of this EIR,
Biological Resources, and Section 5.15.1 , Water Supply and Distribution Systems. As discussed in Section
3.3.4.3 and Section 5.15.1, the Del Rosa Mutual Water Company and the West Twin Creek Mutual Water
Company have rights to water in those streams. The potential impacts to stream hydrology from withdrawing
water for the project would be greatest whenever there are sustained periods of drought and low water flow.
It has not been established if resource agencies would require a minimum flow of water in drought years nor
has the facilities plan for the development established a minimum flow requirement.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-3:
DEVELOPMENT PURSUANT TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD
INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF IMPERVIOUS SURFACES ON THE SITE AND
WOULD THEREFORE INCREASE SURFACE WATER FLOWS INTO DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS WITHIN THE WATERSHED. [THRESHOLD HD-3, HD-4, AND HD-5]
Impact Analysis: As indicated in the conceptual grading plan, the existing drainage pattern of the site would
be substantially altered, particularly along West Twin Creek where the main stem of the water course would
be completely relocated for approximately 1.3 miles to construct the golf course and establish pad sites for
residential areas. Approximately 22,783 linear feet of potential jurisdictional waters3 out of a total of 85,936
linear feet of stream/drainage could be impacted by the project. As discussed in Section 5.3, Biological
Resources, an exact delineation of jurisdictional waters has not been completed and the impact described
here is conservative. A portion of these drainages has been previously impacted by the MWD inland feeder
project, which is depicted in Figure 5.3-3, Plant Communities, as "disturbed" vegetation. The amount and
type of runoff generated by the project would be greater than under existing conditions due to increases in
impervious surfaces as well as the introduction of a golf course.
The undeveloped 1 OO-year storm run off was calculated to be 17,695 cubic feet per second (efs) including off
site storm run off associated with the site under moisture conditions. Upon completion of the proposed
project, the total storm water flow from the project would be 18,167 cfs including off site storm run off for 100-
year storm event under moisture conditions. Therefore the proposed project would increase the run off
amount by 472 cfs. The summary results of the hydrology analysis forthis area are shown in Table5.7-1. The
proposed hydrograph points, illustrating peak flows from the project site, are show in Figure 5.7-3. It should
be noted however that these calculations are based on conceptual grading plans. Waterman Canyon is
subject to flash flooding and it is anticipated that the design of the golf course would be engineered to
function as overflow basins for flood conditions with potential to reduce peak flow during those times.
~
Table 5.7-1
Unit Hydrograoh Peak Flow Summary
Hydrograph Peak Flow
No. Watershed Area (Acres) (cfs)
A Waterman Canyon, Arrowhead Springs, Developed Condition 3,394 6,450
A Waterman Canyon, Arrowhead Springs, Undeveloped Condition 3,394 6,288
B East Twin Creek, Arrowhead Springs, Developed Condition 5,929 11,717
B East Twin Creek, Arrowhead Springs, Undeveloped Condition 5,929 11,407
Note: Developed Peak flows are based on AMC-III moisture condition.
Undeveloped Peak Flows are based on AMC-II moisture condition.
To protect the development and down stream properties from flood hazards as a result of increased amount
of impervious surfaces, the drainage system for Arrowhead Springs has been designed to transport storm
water runoff from each of the sub basins through the site to points where it would be discharged back into
, See Section 5.3, Biological Resources for discussion of jurisdictional waters.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.7-27
5.
Environmental Analysis
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the natural water courses as shown in Figure 3.3-10. The storm water infrastructure for Arrowhead Springs
would be sized and developed in compliance with all applicable ordinances as required by the local and
state agencies. A public street system improved with curbs and gutters and asphalt paving to City standards,
meeting the approval of the Public Works Department, would provide access to commercial areas and
residential lots, each graded to drain in a positive manner. The design of the golf course and relocation of
West Twin Creek would require careful coordination with resource agencies such as California State Fish and
Game, USCOE and the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board to ensure that all impacts ...
associated with the project from withdrawal of water from drainages to loss of riparian habitat are
successfully mitigated.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-4:
PORTIONS OF THE PROJECT SITE PROPOSED FOR DEVELOPMENT ARE
LOCATED WITHIN A 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD AREA. [THRESHOLDS HD-7
AND HD-B}
Impact Analysis: Portions of the specific plan area lying adjacent to West Twin Creek are subject to 100-
year flood plain inundation; however a specific 1 OO-year floodplain elevation has not been determined for all
of the property. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
depicts the flood plain boundary of West Twin Creek as following along the water course with varying widths
as slope and channel characteristics change. Potential jurisdictional waters are depicted in Figure 5.3-4 in
Biological Resources. Project development along these areas would be primarily limited to golf course;
however small residential pad sites are planned along West Twin Creek in the northern portion of the
property. Grading would be designed to place structural/habitable development areas above any flood plain
areas associated with these water courses.
As mentioned previously, to reduce the potential for flooding in the project area, the fairways of the golf
course would be designed and graded to function as overflow basins as part of a flood control mechanism
for West Twin Creek. FEMA maps would need to be modified to reflect the redesigned 100-year flood
contour.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-5:
THE PROJECT SITE IS NOT LOCATED WITHIN THE INUNDATION AREA OF
THE SEVEN OAKS DAM. [THRESHOLD HD-9}
Impact Analysis: The residential areas planned for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, located on the
northern border of the City in the San Bernardino Mountains, would be at a higher in elevation than all other
areas of the City and would be several miles away from the Seven Oaks Dam inundation zone. Therefore, no
people or structures would be affected by dam failure. However, the MWD water pipeline, which is 12 feet in
diameter, does run through the property. Rupture of the pipeline would result in localized flooding that would
primarily be confined to the West and East Twin Creek drainages. The probably of an event of this nature is
considered low. See Section 5.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials for additional discussion.
AHS IMPACT 5.7-6:
THE SITE WOULD NOT BE SUBJECT TO INUNDATION BY SEICHE OR
TSUNAMI; HOWEVER THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR MUDFLOWS. [THRESHOLD
HD-10}
Impact Analysis: East and West Twin Creeks have the potential to carry debris, or debris flow from
respective watersheds through the project area. Debris has the potential to fill or plug structures designed to
collect and convey runoff, forcing floodwaters into the adjacent areas. Rapidly moving flows heavily laden
with debris are also extremely dangerous. Mudflows are a potential hazard in the Arrowhead Springs area,
due to the hilly terrain, known landslide areas within the specific plan area and the extent of the watershed for
both East and West Twin Creeks.
A seiche is a small tidal wave that occurs in a lake or other enclosed body of water. Open pools and above
ground water storage reservoirs in the specific plan area can be susceptible to seiches. Seiches within a
Page 5.7-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
storage tank could cause damage to their structures. If tanks are damaged during an earthquake, the water
released has the potential to impact structures down gradient. Many of the water storage tanks for the
development are planned for locations that are down gradient of structures and all are designed with an
outer containment tank in the event of breach thereby reducing potential for inundation of structures.
A tsunami is a high ocean wave generated by a sub-marine earthquake or volcanic eruption with potential to
affect coastal communities. Arrowhead Springs is located inland and at elevations that would not be affected
by a tsunami.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Relevant Development Standards
The following general development standards contained within the Arrowhead Springs related to hydrology
and water quality for the Arrowhead Springs area include:
. On-site catch basins or siltation basins, as well as energy-absorbing devices, may be required as a
means to prevent erosion as well as to provide for ground water recharge.
. Natural drainage courses should be protected from grading activity.
. Where brow ditches are required, naturalize with plant materials and native rocks.
. Maximum coverage of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area (1,916 acres) by impervious
surfaces shall not exceed 10% of the gross land area.
. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit, a site specific drainage study, which meets the standards
of the City Engineer, will be prepared by a Civic Engineer registered in the State of California. All
recommendations from this analysis, including facilities necessary to mitigate drainage impacts,
maximize percolation and groundwater recharge to the extent feasible shall be incorporated in all
grading and site improvement plans.
~
. The applicant shall mitigate on-site storm water discharge sufficiently to maintain compliance with
the City's NPDES Storm Water Discharge Permit Requirements. A "Notice of Intent" (NOI) shall be
filed with the State Water Quality Control Board for construction disturbing one acre or more of land.
5.7.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
5.7.4.1 General Plan
. Future projects shall comply with applicable federal, state, and local regulations governing water
quality standards and waste discharge requirements. These include but are not limited to the
requirements of the CWA, SDWA, and NPDES. Waste discharge requirements have been estab-
lished for the incorporated cities of San Bernardino County, the County Flood Control District and
the remainder of the County within the Santa Ana Region Area-Wide Urban Storm Water Runoff
(NPDES) permit otherwise known as the San Bernardino County MS4 permit. The City has adopted
a Storm Water Drainage Systems ordinance (Title 8, Health & Safety, Chapter 8.80) that provides
measures for compliance with the MS4 permit including but not limited to protection of the storm
drainage system (8.80.205), prohibited discharges (8.80.206), compliance with Best Management
Practices (8.80.208), treatment of storm water runoff (8.80.209) and spill containment (8.80.211 ).and
established Water Quality Management Plan requirements for all new development. All new
development is required to submit for approval a Storm Water Quality Management Plan outlining all
structural and non-structural BMPs during and after construction in adherence with this ordinance.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.7-29
5. Environmental Analysis
· Future projects encompassing an area one acre or more shall submitfor approval to the State Water
Resources Control Board, a Notice of Intent to be covered under the General Construction Storm
Water Permit, in compliance with the NPDES program. In addition, future projects shall be required
to develop and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which incorporates
Best Management Practices (BMPs) that address pollutant source reduction and provide
measures/controls necessary to mitigate potential pollutant sources. These include, but are not
limited to: erosion controls, sediment controls, tracking controls, non-storm water management,
materials and waste management, good housekeeping practices and monitoring.
5.7.4.2
Arrowhead Springs
· The applicant shall submit for approval to the State Water Resources Control Board, a Notice of
Intent to be covered under the Storm Water Permit. Additionally, the project proponent shall prepare
a SWPPP which will: (1) require implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) so as to
prevent a net increase in sediment load in storm water discharges relative to preconstruction levels;
(2) prohibit during the construction period discharges of storm water or non storm water at levels
which would cause or contribute to an exceedance of applicable water quality standards contained
in the Basin Plan; (3) discuss in detail the BMPs planned for the project related to control of sedi-
ment and erosion, non sediment pollutants, and potential pollutants in non storm water discharges;
(4) describe post construction BMPs for the project; (5) explain the maintenance program for the
project's BMPs; (6) during construction, require reporting of violations to the Regional Board; and
(7) list the parties responsible for SWPPP implementation and BMP maintenance during and after
grading. The project proponent shall implement the SWPPP and will modify the SWPPP as directed
by the Storm Water Permit.
· The applicant shall develop a Water Quality Management Plan in accordance with the requirements
of the MS4 Permit and Chapter 8.80 (Strom Water Drainage System) of the Municipal Code and shall
submit the WQMP for review to the City. The City shall approve the WQMP prior to the granting of
land disturbing permits for the proposed development. The WQMP shall: 1) describe the routine and
special post construction BMPs to be used at the proposed development site (including both
structural and non structural measures); 2) describe responsibility for the initial implementation and
long term maintenance of the BMPs; 3) provide narrative with the graphic materials as necessary to
specify the locations of the structural BMPs; and 4) certify that the project proponent will seek to
have the WQMP carried out by all future successors or assigns to the property.
· Municipal Code Title 13, Public Utilities, Chapter 13.04 Wells contain provisions for documenting
amounts of water withdrawn from wells in the San Bernardino Basin.
· Municipal Code Title 13, Public Utilities, Chapter 13.24 Water System Supply contains requirements
for drilling water wells
5.7.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.7.5.1
San Bernardino General Plan Update
Upon consideration of General Plan policies and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.7-1
The limited availability of vacant land to convert to impervious surfaces that would
increase the potential for water quality degradation and adherence to NPDES
requirements including local ordinances for Storm Water Drainage Systems would
reduce potential impacts of implementation of the General Plan update to less that
significant.
Page 5.7-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
GP Impact 5.7-2
GP Impact 5.7-3
GP Impact 5.7-4
GP Impact 5.7-5
GP Impact 5.7-6
There would be no substantial reduction to ground water recharge due to the
limited amount of vacant land to convert to impervious surfaces due and urban
uses.
Existing drainage patterns would not be significantly altered and impervious
surfaces would not be greatly increased through implementation of the General
Plan update with the exception of hillside areas near the San Bernardino Mountains
where vacant land could be converted to urban uses. The Hillside Management
Overlay Ordinance and NPDES requirements for the MS4 permits would limit
impacts of increased storm water flows.
The General Plan update limits potential for development of residential structures in
flood prone areas.
The policies and land use designations of the General Plan update limit develop-
ment of structures for human occupancy in inundation areas.
Potential for localized mudflows in hillside areas would be minimized by the Hillside
Management Overlay ordinance.
5.7.5.2
Arrowhead Springs
Upon consideration of development standards and implementation of regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.7-5
AHS Impact 5.7-6
The project site is not located in a dam inundation zone.
~
Adherence to the project development standards and the Hillside Management
Overlay ordinance and standard engineering practice would limit potential for
mudflows to affect the project site.
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
AHS Impact 5.7-1
AHS Impact 5.7-2
AHS Impact 5.7-3
AHS Impact 5.7-4
During the construction phase of the proposed project, there is the potential for
short-term unquantifiable increases in pollutant concentrations from the site. After
project development, the quality of storm runoff (sediment, nutrients, metals,
pesticides, pathogens and hydrocarbons) may be altered.
Development pursuant to the proposed project would increase the amount of
impervious surfaces on the site and would therefore impact opportunities for
groundwater recharge. Additionally water would be withdrawn from local streams
that would otherwise flow to percolation basins for aquifer recharge.
The proposed project would increase the amount of impervious surfaces on the
site and therefore increase surface water flows into drainage systems within the
watershed.
The project would alter the 1 OO-year flood plain elevation within close proximity of
proposed residential areas.
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.7-31
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
5.
Environmental Analysis
5.7.6 Mitigation Measures
5.7.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
5.7.6.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.7-1A
Prior to the issuance of land disturbing permits, the applicant shall provide the City
Engineer with evidence that a Notice of Intent (NOI) has been filed with the State
Water Resources Control Board. Such evidence shall consist of a copy of the NOI
stamped by the State Water Resources Control Board or the Regional Water Quality
Control Board, or a letter from either agency stating that the NOI has been filed a
minimum of thirty days prior to commencing grading operations.
AHS 5.7-1 B
Prior to issuance of land disturbing permits and in compliance with the
requirements of the State General Construction Activity Storm Water Permit, the
project applicant shall prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)
that incorporates measures or comparable Best Management Practices which
describe the site, erosion and sediment controls, means of waste disposal,
implementation of approved local plans, control of post-construction sediment and
erosion control measures and maintenance responsibil,ties, and non-storm water
management controls. The SWPPP shall also be submitted to the City of San
Bernardino Public Works Department. The applicant shall require all construction
contractors to retain a copy of the approved SWPPP on each construction site.
Additionally, the SWPPP shall ensure that all water discharges are in compliances
with the current requirements of the California Regional Water Quality Control
Board, Santa Ana Region.
Prior to issuance of land disturbing permits and in compliance with City of San
Bernardino Municipal Code Chapter 8.80, the applicant shall prepare a Storm Water
Quality Management Plan (SWQMP). The SWQMP shall implement all applicable
BMPs, as listed in the California Storm Water Best Management Practices
Handbooks or the current, San Bernardino County Storm Water Program's Report
of Waste Discharge, to reduce pollutants in storm water and runoff and reduce non-
storm water discharges to the City's storm water drainage system to the maximum
extent practicable. The SWQMP shall demonstrate compliance with California
Department of Health Services Section 60310 Use Area Requirements, which state
that "no impoundment of disinfected tertiary recycled water shall occur within 100
feet of any domestic water supply well," and "no irrigation with, or impoundment of,
disinfected secondary or disinfected secondary recycled water shall take place
within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well."
AHS 5.7-1 C
AHS 5.7-10
Prior to the issuance of land disturbing permits for the golf course, a Chemical
Application Management Plan (CHAMP) shall be submitted to and approved by the
City of San Bernardino. The CHAMP or similar management plan shall incorporate
but not be limited to the following:
· A description of chemicals authorized for use and approved by the State of
California, along with guidelines for their application. Guidelines shall
include restrictions on their application and their use near drainage sys-
tems. Chemicals include fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and
rodenticides. Guidelines on the application of fertilizers and soil amend-
Page 5.7-32 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
ments shall take into account consideration the physical characteristics
and nutrient content of the soil on the golf course site.
. Guidelines for the irrigation of the golf course that take into consideration
the field capacity of soil types and the timing with chemical applications;
and
AHS 5.7-1 E
. Chemical storage requirements and chemical spill response and chemical
inventory response plans shall be prepared and implemented.
A water quality monitoring system and program shall be developed and
implemented in conjunction with the CHAMP that provides for sampling of all
permanent surface water features on a quarterly basis and includes an analysis for
non-volatile synthetic organic chemicals, total dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate,
total phosphorus, boron, nitrogen as nitrate, total nitrogen, and iron. This moni-
toring program shall be implemented with consideration of the RWQCB water
quality objectives.
AHS 5.7-2A
Prior to approval of the first Tentative Tract Map, evidence shall be provided to the
Development Services Department that appropriate water rights have been granted
including a determination of maximum and minimum withdrawal of water from East
and West Twin Creek watersheds (in conjunction with mitigation measure 5.15-1).
AHS 5.7-2B
Prior to approval of the first Tentative Tract Map, the applicant shall secure a site for
the supplemental water wells in the San Bernardino Basin and obtain a drilling and
operation permit in accordance with Chapter 13.24 ryvater Supply System) of the
Municipal Code.
~
AHS 5.7-3A
Prior to issuance of land disturbing permits, the applicant shall submit a Final
Drainage Plan Report to the City of San Bernardino for review and approval in
conformance with the City of San Bernardino requirements that are in effect at the
time of submittal. The report shall be prepared by a qualified registered professional
civil engineer and shall, at a minimum, include the following:
. A written text addressing existing conditions, the effects of projects
improvements, all appropriate calculations, a watershed and hydrology
map, changes in downstream flows and elevations, proposed on and off-
site improvements (catch basins, inlets, vaults, swales, filters, etc. for
entrapment of sediment debris and contaminants), and features to protect
downstream uses and property. The project drainage features shall be
designed to ensure no change in downstream flow conditions that would
result in new or increased severity of flooding.
. The report shall provide evidence of compliance with all required approvals
from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (401 Water Quality Waiver)
and with USCOE 404 permitting for changes to "waters of the U.S."
AHS 5.7-3B
Maintenance of the storm drainage facilities shall be the responsibility of the project
applicant until such time as the facilities are turned over to the City as a public
improvement, or included within a Landscape Maintenance District or project home-
owners or maintenance association. Easements shall be created and offered for
dedication to the City for maintenance and access to these facilities as necessary in
anticipation of possible City maintenance.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5. 7 - 3 3
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS 5.7-4
Prior to issuance of building permits the project applicant shall prepare and file an
application with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), a Letter of Map
Revision (LOMR) for Flood Insurance Rate Maps as necessary to reflect changes to
the floodway or flood plain resulting from the development to demonstrate that
all habitable structures are not subject to flooding in a 100-year storm. The
Department of Public Works shall be provided a copy of the LOMR.
P"
5.7.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
~-
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with hydrology and
water quality to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts
relating hydrology and water quality have been identified.
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Page 5.7-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.8 LAND USE AND PLANNING
Land use impacts can be either direct or indirect. Direct impacts are those that result in land use incom-
patibilities, division of neighborhoods or communities, or interference with other land use plans, including
habitat or wildlife conservation plans. This section focuses on direct land use impacts. Indirect impacts are
secondary effects resulting from land use policy implementation, such as an increase in demand for public
utilities or services, or increased traffic on roadways. Indirect impacts are addressed in other sections of this
EIR.
This analysis focuses on land use and planning impacts associated with the adoption and implementation of
the proposed Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan and General Plan, including the University District Specific
Plan, as these actions have the potential to result in direct land use impacts. The General Plan, University
District Specific Plan, and Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan are described in detail in Section 3.0, Project
Description, and are shown in Figures 3.3-2 through Figure 3.3-4.
The Preferred Land Use Alternative and policies throughout the General Plan Update are also evaluated for
consistency with relevant regional plans including the Southern California Association of Government's
Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG) and 2004 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP).
5.8.1 Environmental Setting
5.8.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
The City of San Bernardino is located approximately 60 miles east of the City of Los Angeles in the upper
Santa Ana River Valley. This valley is framed by the San Bernardino Mountains on the northeast and east, the
Blue Mountains and the Box Springs Mountains abutting the Cities of Lorna Linda and Redlands to the south,
and the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to the northwest and southwest, respectively. San
Bernardino is surrounded by the Cities of Rialto to the west, Colton to the southwest, Loma Linda to the
south, Redlands to the southeast, Highland to the east, and the San Bernardino National Forest to the north.
The City of San Bernardino encompasses an area that stretches from just south of the 10 Freeway on the
south to the Cajon Creek Wash and the San Bernardino Mountains on the north. The City's total planning
area is 45,231 acres, or 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres, or 60 square miles, of incorporated
territory and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands within the City's Sphere of Influence.
Existing Land Use Conditions
There is no current and reliable existing land use data available for analysis purposes. Changes from the
existing land use designations are examined below in the section entitled "Existing General Plan/Zoning
Land Uses." However, an analysis was made using the 2000 Census and 2000 Employment projections
from SCAG, as seen in Table 5.8-1 below. The 2000 data is only available for the City's existing jurisdictional
boundaries. For purposes of this analysis, the population, housing, and employment within the jurisdictional
boundaries has been analyzed.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.8-1
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.8-1
c
Existing onditions and General Plan Build-out ProjectIons
2000 Proposed General Plan Build-out Projections
City Only City Only City + Sphere
Population 1 185,401 276,264 319,241
Units 1 63,535 82,714 95,664
Employment 2 81,115 338,712 355,629
1 2000 US Census
2 April 2004 RTP Population, Household, and Employment forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SANBAG subregion.
Existing General Plan/Zoning Land Uses
The San Bernardino General Plan was last comprehensively updated in 1989. The City currently utilizes a
single map system, that is to say the General Plan and Zoning maps are combined. The existing General
Plan Land Use plan and Zoning Map consists of 39 land use designations grouped under five broad
categories: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Other, and Open Space. Table 3.3-3 in Section 3.0
documents the existing General Plan land use designations by acreage and percentage. There are two
existing overlays not reflected in Table 3.3-3. The Hillside Management Overlay and the Foothill Fire Zone
Overlay (FF) are coterminous and cover the mountainous areas of the City. The existing General Plan map is
shown on Figure 5.8-1.
Existing Development Code
The City's Development Code is the primary tool for implementing the General Plan, and provides
development standards, identifies allowed uses, and specifies other regulations. The Development Code
provides detailed guidance for development based on and consistent with land use policies established in
the General Plan. The proposed project does not involve an update to the Development Code; however, the
EIR evaluates the consistency of the proposed General Plan with the current Zoning Code.
Existing Specific Plans
San Bernardino has six approved specific plans governing land use development in designated areas
throughout the City: CALMAT (AKA. Cajon Creek Specific Plan), Highland Hills Specific Plan, Paradise Hills
Specific Plan, Paseo Las Placitas Specific Plan (Also known as the Mt. Vernon Corridor Specific Plan), San
Bernardino International Trade Center Specific Plan, and University Business Park Specific Plan. Specific
plans are documents that provide focused guidance and regulation for defined areas of the City. These plans
typically include a land use, circulation, infrastructure, phasing, financing, and implementation plan, as well
as development standards and design guidelines. These Specific Plans have been incorporated into the
proposed Land Use Plan.
Page 5.8-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Redevelopment Areas
The San Bernardino Redevelopment Agency has the following ten Redevelopment Project Areas, as shown
on Figure 5.8-2:
. Central City Projects
. Central City North
. Central City West
. State College
. Southwest Industrial Park
. Northwest
. Tri-city
. South Valle
. Uptown
. Mt. Vernon Corridor
Since their adoption, various developments have occurred within these redevelopment areas, such as:
senior housing facilities, California Theatre renovation, Main library branch, Stater Bros. Central City Plaza,
Social Security Offices, E Street sewer main replacement, Redlands Boulevard Pavement Rehabilitation,
Santa Fe Deport Planning, and Lowe's Retail Center.
Sphere of Influence
The Sphere of Influence (SOl) is comprised of 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated County
territory, as shown on Figure 3.1-2 in Section 3.0. The County of San Bernardino has jurisdiction over these
areas and the County's General Plan Land Use Plan provides land use designations for the SOl. These land
use designations within the SOl include: rural living, single- and multi-family residential, neighborhood
commercial, office commercial, floodway, resource conservation, institutional, and community and regional
industrial.
Indian Lands
Descendents of the Serrano Indians, the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians is located on the San Manuel
Reservation immediately adjacent to the City of San Bernardino. The United States government established
the Reservation for the San Manuel (Tribe) in 1891. The San Manuel Band of Mission Indian's reservation is
currently just over 800 acres and includes the San Manuel Indian Bingo and Casino and the San Manuel
Bottled Water Group.
San Bernardino International Airport (SBIA)
The San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA) is located in the southeastern edge ofthe
City. The SBIA is comprised of two portions: 1) the airport and related facilities of the former Norton Air Force
Base, and 2) the Trade Center, which encompasses the non-airport portions of the property.
Genera! Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.8-5
5. Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
Redevelopment Areas
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_ Northwest _ Mt.Vernon Corrl~r
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.8-2
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5. Environmental Analysis
The Airport contains approximately 1,350 acres, which are managed by the San Bernardino International
Airport Authority (SBIAA), a Joint Powers Authority made up of representatives from the cities of San
Bernardino, Highland, Lorna Linda, Colton, and the County of San Bernardino.
The Trade Center portion of the SBIA is composed two noncontiguous areas of the former Norton Air Force
Base totaling approximately 652 acres. The Trade Center is managed by the Inland Valley Development
Agency (IVDA) and is addressed in the San Bernardino International Trade Center Specific Plan. The IVDA is
a Joint Powers Authority made up of representatives from the cities of San Bernardino, Loma Linda, Colton,
and the County of San Bernardino. The proposed General Plan update reflects the land uses from this
adopted specific plan.
The General Plan must be consistent with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and the Airport Master
Plan for the SBIA. This is necessary to ensure that the General Plan policies and recommendations for noise
impact assessment, land uses, and densities are appropriate given the nature of airport operations. For
planning purposes, the airport safety zones and 65 decibel (dB) Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL)
noise contours are utilized. The noise contours and safety zones for the San Bernardino International Airport
are defined in the CLUP. However, the CLUP and the Airport Master Plan for the SBIA are not adopted as of
the writing of this EIR or the General Plan Update.
In addition, Sections 11010 of the Business and Professions Code and Sections 1102.6, 1103.4, and 1353 of
the Civil Code require buyer notification/disclosure for lands within the airport influence area, a 2-mile radius
from the airport runways.
Regional Planning Programs
Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG) and the
2004 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP)
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is the federally recognized Metropolitan
Planning Organization for the region encompassing the counties of Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial,
Orange, Ventura, and Los Angeles. SCAG is required to develop, maintain, and update a Regional Trans-
portation Plan (RTP) every three years for the six-county region. The RTP is a multi-modal plan that provides
a basic policy and program framework for improving the balance between land uses and transportation
systems. The 2004 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) links the goal of sustaining mobility with the goals of
fostering economic development, enhancing the environment, reducing energy consumption, promoting
transportation-friendly development patterns, and encouraging fair and equitable access to residents
affected by socio-economic, geographic, and commercial limitations.
SCAG has also developed a Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG) to help coordinate trans-
portation and infrastructure, open space and environmental planning with population, housing, and
employment growth in the multi-county region. The RCPG, adopted in 1995 by SCAG's governing board, the
Regional Council, contains policies that address planning priorities for the region. Some of these are "core"
policies that implement state or federal mandates, while most of the policies are "ancillary" or "advisory only"
guidance for local jurisdictions and public agencies. The RCPG package of policies seeks to coordinate
infrastructure with projected population and housing growth. In general, SCAG policies encourage job and
housing opportunities to be balanced at the county or Regional Statistical Area, both much larger than the
project level.
San Bernardino Associated Governments (SAN BAG) is the council of governments and transportation
planning agency for San Bernardino County, including all its incorporated cities. SAN BAG is responsible for
cooperative regional planning and furthering an efficient multi-modal transportation system countywide.
SCAG's regional growth forecasts for population, household and employment in the SAN BAG subregion and
City of San Bernardino are as follows:
General PfanUpdate and Associated Specific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.8- 9
5. Environmental Analysis
A "/2004 RTP P
Table 5.8-2
I' H h Id dEl
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'J.pn opu atlon, ouse 0 ,an mploymen orecas s
2000 I 2005 I 2010 I 2015 I 2020 I 2025
C!AlIDAI:! ii" .....f .ff.Y' i. i .iYH; f;
Population 1,718,311 1,919,215 2,059,420 2,229,700 2,397,709 2,558,729
Household 530,498 567,172 618,782 686,584 756,640 826,669
Employment 594,923 669,028 770,877 870,491 972,243 1,074,861
Jobs-to-household Ra~ 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.27 1.28 1.30
'. . iii.i".i.:.iYi .' ". ....Y ..' ..i.Y....:..Y.;'.!.!...."Y ......
Population 758,054 821,045 865,149 897,295 929,181 960,025
Household 244,476 260,357 275,352 289,318 303,596 317,831
Employment 337,247 346,770 381,680 403,000 424,470 445,193
Jobs-to-household Ratio 1.38 1.33 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.40
CilVilfSail ii .... ... . .... '. i. i.i
Population 185,772 199,035 207,021 208,860 210,672 212,404
Household 56,341 57,221 58,288 60,211 62,290 64,440
Employment 81,115 88,791 99,337 110,056 120,965 131,943
Jobs-to-household Ratio 1.44 1.55 1.70 1.83 1.94 2.05
Source: April 2004 RTP Population. Household, and Employment forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SAN BAG subregion.
5.8.1.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Arrowhead Springs-Existing Land Use Conditions
The majority of the Arrowhead Springs property is currently undeveloped. The property is crisscrossed on its
western side by both SR-18 and Waterman Canyon Road. The developed portion of the property consists of
less than 200 acres and approximately 320,000 square feet of buildings including the historic 1939 hotel/spa
resort which has 135 rooms, ten residential-styled bungalows, meeting halls, maintenance buildings and a
small office building for the caretaker staff and security employees. Other facilities include steam caves, an
historic swimming pool, tennis courts and outdoor theater. In one section of the developed area is the
'Village,' a group of five buildings totaling 60,000 square feet were constructed by CCC as dormitories,
dining facilities, and meeting rooms. The resort/spa facilities are not currently open to the public.
Three hundred sixty eight acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently located in the
incorporated City of San Bernardino. The remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San
Bernardino. There is one unit within the incorporated portion and ten units in the unincorporated portion of
the Specific Plan. Ten of these units are part of the hotel and were intended as temporary housing. A few
units are used by maintenance staff as permanent housing. Currently, there are nine permanent residents
that also work at Arrowhead Springs. Employment at Arrowhead Springs consists of maintenance and
security staff and the offices of the American Development Group. During the business week, there are
twenty employees on-site.
Arrowhead and Puritas Water, Inc., a subsidiary of Nestles, occupies a portion of the southwestern edge of
the property where it maintains a pumping station for the transfer of spring water to its trucks. The spring
water is sourced from a site located outside of the boundary of the Arrowhead Springs property. Metropolitan
Water District (MWD) owns a 10-acre parcel adjacent to the front entry on Old Waterman Canyon Road,
which is the site of their tunnel portal for the Inland Feeder Project. Current easements for these properties
are shown in Figure 3.3-11.
Page 5.8-10 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
Two blue-line streams run through the property on an annual basis: West Twin Creek and East Twin Creek
and its tributaries. There are several locations where hot thermal springs spill out onto the ground. These are
named Granite Springs, Penyugal Springs, the Steam Caves, and another abandoned hot springs near West
Twin Creek. Several thermal wells also exist on the property, which service the existing hotel, residences,
and swimming pool.
Arrowhead Springs occupies the lower portions of two converging valleys and consists of steep moun-
tainous terrain and rolling foothills. West Twin Creek and East Twin Creek converge into a manmade flood
control basin, known as the Waterman Canyon Channel, designed by the Army Corps of Engineers. It
consists of several percolation and retention basins, which lie adjacent to or near the south property line.
Arrowhead Springs-Existing General Plan/Zoning Designations
As mentioned, 368 acres of the Arrowhead Springs are currently located in the incorporated City and the re-
maining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino. The jurisdictional boundaries
are shown on Figure 3.1-2.
City of San Bernardino
The portions of Arrowhead Springs located within the City of San Bernardino are subject to its General Plan
and Development Code. The lands within the City's existing jurisdictional boundaries are currently
designated for Residential Estate (RE), Residential Low (RL), Residential Suburban (RS), and Public Flood
Control (PFC) , as shown in Figure 5.8-3. Except for PFC, these designations permit residential development
at densities ranging from one unit per acre to 4.5 units per acre.
County of San Bernardino
The unincorporated portions of Arrowhead Springs are subject to the County of San Bernardino's General
Plan and Zoning Code. The lands within the County are zoned for Resource Conservation (RC), Rural Living-
3 (RL-3), and Single Residential-1 (RS-1), as shown in Figure 5.8-3. The RC designation permits one unit per
40 acres and is intended for open space, conservation, and development of natural resources. The majority
of the undeveloped portions of Arrowhead Springs fall within this designation. A small portion of Arrowhead
Springs is designated RL-3, which allows one dwelling unit per three acres. On the very northern portion of
the Arrowhead Springs property is a small pocket designated as RS-1, which allows one unit per acre.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.8-11
5.
Environmental Analysis
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.8-3
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.8.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
LU-1
LU-2
Physically divide an established community.
Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with
jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan, specific
plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of
avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect.
LU-3
Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community
conservation plan.
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study, included in
Appendix A, disclosed as potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in
parentheses after the impact statement.
5.8.3 Environmental Impacts
5.8.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan Update
GP IMPACT 5.8-1:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD NOT DIVIDE AN
ESTABLISHED COMMUNITY. [THRESHOLD LU-1]
Impact Analysis:
Land Use Changes between the Existing and Proposed General Plans
As stated in Section 3.3.2, there is little difference in the land use maps between the existing and proposed
General Plans. In all, there were 8 areas where land use changes occurred between the existing and
proposed General Plans totaling 3,197 acres. The areas where land use changes are planned between the
existing and proposed General Plans are shown on Figure 5.8-4 and detailed in Table 5.8-3. Each area is
identified by a key number so that the location and exact land use changes can be determined.
The largest area of proposed land use change is identified as Area 3 on Figure 5.8-4, which is mostly
comprised of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. The proposed land use designations for the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan are discussed separately in this section.
Aside from Arrowhead Springs, there are 7 areas totaling 1,020.4 acres where changes in land use desig-
nations from the existing General Plan are proposed. Many of the remaining changes are map
corrections/updates. For instance, the area identified as number 6 on Figure 5.8-4 is designated for resi-
dential uses in the existing General Plan but is actually developed as a reservoir. The proposed designation
of Public Flood Control (PFC) reflects this reality. The area identified as number 1 is the Patton State Hospital
but is designated for Commercial Recreation in the existing General Plan. The proposed designation of
Public Facilities (PF) reflects the appropriate long-term use. The proposed change in Area 4 reflects the
previously adopted Paradise Hills Specific Plan.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.8-15
5. Environmental Analysis
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The area identified as number 2 on Figure 5.8-4 is a proposed shift from residential (RS) to industrial (IL).
This 13.1 acre area west of 1-215 that is currently developed with and designated for residential uses. In the
proposed General Plan, this area is proposed to be changed to Industrial Light (IL). This area is heavily
impacted by adjacent industrial uses and the expansion of the industrial designation is intended to allow an
alternative use of the property that is in keeping with ongoing industrial use.
Finally, the area identified as number 5, Martin Ranch, is now in the City's Sphere of Influence. This entire
area is proposed to be designated as Residential Estate (RE). When this area was added to the sphere of
influence, no City General Plan designation was adopted. Pre-zoning for the Martin Ranch project is not
included with this update and would occur at a separate time. Finally, the City directed a change in
designation on the Carousel Mall property, number 8 on Figure 5.8-4, from CR-1 to CR-2 to allow residential
uses.
Table 5.8-3
Changes between the Existing and Proposed General Plans
Map Key
(Fig 5.8-4) Existing General Plan Designation Acres Proposed General Plan Designation Acres
1 PCR - Public/Commercial Recreation 86.5 PF - Public Facilities 86.5
2 RS - Residential Suburban 13.1 IL -Industrial Light 13.1
CO - Commercial Office 64.9
CR - Commercial Regional 166.5
3 OS - Open Space 936.9
(Arrowhead PCR - Public/Commercial Recreation 60.3
PFC - Publicly Owned Flood control 16.3 See the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Springs Specific RE - Residential Estate 7.4
Plan) RL - Residential Low 576.9
RS - Residential Suburban 264.5
Undesignated 83.0
4 RL - Residential Low 156.9 RL - Residential Low 8.4
(Paradise Hills RS - Residential Suburban 8.6 RS - Residential Suburban 0.7
Specific Plan) OS - Open Space 156.5
5 Not in Sphere 395.2 RE - Residential Estate 395.2
(Martin Ranch)
6 PCR - Publicly Owned Flood control 4.8 PFC- Publicly Owned Flood Control 308.5
(Devil's Canyon PF - Public Facilities 29.0
RL - Residential Low 207.5
Reservoir) RS - Residential Suburban 67.2
RU - 1 Residential Urban 0.1 PP - Public Parks 5.3
7 RS - Residential Suburban 2.1 RU - Residential Urban 2.2
RU-1 - Residential Urban 5.3
8 CR-1 - Commercial Regional 44.0 CR-2 - Commercial Regional with 44
(Carousel Mall) residential.
Totals 3,197.0 1,020.4
Please note that not all acreages are identical between the existing and proposed General Plans. This reflects differences in boundaries and methods of
calculation.
Aside from these proposed changes, the proposed General Plan maintains the land use distribution
envisioned in the existing 1989 General Plan. Major changes from the 1989 plan include a decrease in the
amount of residentially and industrially designated land and a slight increase in commercially designated
land. A new open space designation is provided to account for permanent open space.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans ElR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.8-19
5. Environmental Analysis
Policies in the General Plan provide incentives for voluntary redevelopment/intensification along the City's
commercial corridors. The Corridor Improvement Program provide incentives, in the form of revised
development standards, that would entice land owners and developers to concentrate commercial at major
intersections and infuse residential or mixed use projects in the mid-block areas. The intent is to reduce the
amount of inefficient strip commercial, locate residents closer to services and shopping, help create identity,
and reduce vehicle trips.
The implementation of the General Plan Land Use map would not result in the physical division of an
established community. Instead, the implementation of the General Plan would preserve and enhance the
established community while intensifying commercial uses. Moreover, one of the primary purposes of the
General Plan is to minimize the impacts of land use changes to adjacent areas and to ensure the com-
patibility of these uses. The Land Use Element of the General Plan Update contains goals and policies that
encourage the preservation or enhancement of the existing community through infill development, enhanced
landscaping, gateways, and pedestrian/bicycle connections, as well as the continuance of the City's
resort/residential character and development of compatible uses that would enhance the existing character.
GP IMPACT 5.8-2:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD NOT CONFLICT WITH
APPLICABLE PLANS ADOPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING OR
MITIGATING AN ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT. [THRESHOLD LU-2]
Impact Analysis: The City of San Bernardino General Plan Update represents a guide for the City's future
development. As illustrated in Table 5.8-4, the General Plan provides sufficient dwelling unit, population, and
employment capacity to exceed SCAG's projections for 2025. While the build-out capacities are based on
land use acreages, building intensity factors, and population density assumptions, they do not predict when
the City would reach these capacities or if they will reach these capacities. Rather, they provide an idea of
what build-out could mean in terms of total dwelling units, population, and employment, which accounts for
the difference with SCAG projections.
Table 5.8-4
SC
AG and General Plan Build-out Projections
SCAG Projections for City of Existing Proposed General Plan Build-
San Bernardino General Plan out Projections
2000 2025 City + Sphere City Only City + Sphere
Population 185,772 212,404 355,298 276,264 2 319,2412
Household 56,341 64,440 88,020 73,367 1 84,854 1
Employment 81,115 131,943 369,923 338,712 355,629
Jobs-to-household Ratio 1.44 2.05 4.20 4.62 4.19
Sources: Apnl2004 RTP Population, Household, and Employment forecasts for the City of San Bemardino and SANBAG subregion.
1 Derived by applying the vacancy rate of 11.3% per the 2000 Census to the projected number of dwelling units at build-out.
2 Department of Finance (1/1/04), which utilized 3.340 persons per unit.
The purpose of the General Plan is to chart a course for the next 20 years so that the positive features of the
City can be enhanced and built upon and the less desirable features altered and improved. The Key
Strategies, listed in Chapter 3, summarize the Vision and emphasize the thrust of the General Plan's
direction. While the General Plan Update serves as the framework for the future development of the City,
several other planning tools help achieve the City's Vision and implement the General Plan. The goals and
policies of the City's Specific Plans and redevelopment areas were factored into the proposed General Plan.
Additionally, the General Plan Update provides a basis for zoning and development standards in the City's
Development Code. The City's Development Code is not being updated with the General Plan. However, the
General Plan Update is consistent with the current code.
Page 5.8-20 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
San Bernardino International Airport (SBIA)
The General Plan must be consistent with the CLUP and the Airport Master Plan for the SBIA. This is
necessary to ensure that the General Plan policies and recommendations for noise impact assessment, land
uses, and densities are appropriate given the nature of airport operations. As mentioned, the CLUP and the
Airport Master Plan for the SBIA were not adopted as of the writing of this EIR or the General Plan Update. In
a joint workshop with representatives of the SBIA, IVDA, and SBIAA, it was determined that the General Plan
could include general policies related to airport compatibility at this time. Upon adoption of the CLUP and
Airport Master Plan, the General Plan can be amended to incorporate the adopted noise contours and safety
zones and any new airport related policies.
The Land Use, Circulation, and Noise Elements of the proposed General Plan include policies that address
compatibility with and protection of the SBIA. Specifically, the policies in the proposed General Plan address
compatibility with the noise and safety zones in terms of land use, density, and height. The Airport Influence
Area was adopted by the SBIA and is incorporated in the General Plan. In this manner, the required
notification and buyer disclosure is addressed in the General Plan.
Consistency with SCAG's Regional Plans and Policies
The General Plan Update, University District Specific Plan, and Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan are
consistent with the ten core policies of SCAG's Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG) that are
relevant to the proposed project. Furthermore, these projects are consistent with the majority of SCAG's
ancillary/advisory policies. The consistency of the General Plan Update, University District Specific Plan, and
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan with each of SCAG's applicable regional policies is detailed in Table 5.8-5.
This table also demonstrates that the General Plan Update, University District Specific Plan, and Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan contain policies that encourage the City to participate in regional programs and issues.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.8-21
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
Adjacent Jurisdictions
The City of San Bernardino is surrounded by the Cities of Rialto to the west, Colton to the southwest, Loma
Linda to the south, Redlands to the southeast, Highland to the east, and the San Bernardino National Forest
to the north. Along the boundaries shared with these jurisdictions and agencies is a full array of developed
and undeveloped land uses and shared roadways. No land use changes are proposed along any of these
borders except with the National Forest to the north. In this area, land use changes are proposed to
accommodate the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, to reflect the adopted Paradise Hills Specific Plan, and
in Verdemont to reflect shifts in the residential land use designations and the presence ofthe Devil's Canyon
reservoir.
GP IMPACT 5.8-3:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD NOT CONFLICT WITH
ADOPTED HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN(S). {THRESHOLD LU-3}
Impact Analysis: The County of San Bernardino has not adopted Habitat Conservation Plans in or near the
City of San Bernardino. The City's Development Code addresses the development standards and uses for
specific areas within the City.
Relevant Policies and Programs
Proposed General Plan policies related to the preservation or enhancement of the established community
and its physical character:
Land Use Element
Policy 2.1.1: Actively enforce development standards, design guidelines, and policies to preserve and
enhance the character of San Bernardino's neighborhoods.
Policy 2.2.1: Ensure compatibility between land uses and quality design through adherence to the
standards and regulations in the Development Code and policies and guidelines in the Community Design
Element.
Policy 2.4.1: Quality infill development shall be accorded a high priority in the commitment of City resources
and available funding.
Policy 2.4.2: Continue to provide special incentives and improvement programs to revitalize deteriorated
housing stock, residential neighborhoods, major business corridors and employment centers.
Policy 2.4.3: Where necessary to stimulate the desired mix and intensity of development, land use flexibility
and customized site development standards shall be achieved through various master-planning devices
such as specific plans, planned development zoning ,and creative site planning.
Community Design Element
Policy 5.3.6: Provide for streetscape improvements, landscape, and/or signage that uniquely identify
architecturally or historically significant residential neighborhoods.
Policy 5.5.1: Require new and in-fill development to be of compatible scale and massing as existing
development yet allow the flexibility to accommodate unique architecture, colors and materials individual
projects.
Proposed General Plan policies related to interagency and inter-jurisdictional coordination include:
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plan
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.8-41
5.
Environmental Analysis
Land Use Element
Policy 2.2.5: Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with Caltrans, the railroads, and other agencies to
help minimize impacts and improve aesthetics of their facilities and operations; including possible noise
walls, berms, limitation on hours and types of operations, landscaped setbacks and decorative walls along
its periphery.
Policy 2.2.6: Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the County of San Bernardino to conform
development projects within the City's sphere of influence to the City's General Plan.
Policy 2.5.2: Continue collaboration with the San Manuel Indians and County of San Bernardino to achieve
acceptable development quality within San Bernardino's sphere of influence.
Policy 2.5.3: Partner with the San Manuel Indians to jointly promote opportunities in the area and to address
the needs of future developments in areas surrounding tribal lands.
Policy 2.7.2;: Work with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District to create additional water
storage capacity and take advantage of the abundant water supplies.
Proposed General Plan policies related to the San Bernardino International Airport include the following:
Policy 2.9.1: Require that all new development be consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Land Use
Plan for the San Bernardino International Airport and ensure that no structures or activities encroach upon or
adversely affect the use of navigable airspace.
Policy 2.9.2: Refer any adoption or amendment of this General Plan, specific plan, zoning ordinance, or
building regulation within the planning boundary of the adopted Comprehensive Airport Master Plan for the
SBIA to the airport authority as provided by the Airport Land Use Law.
Policy 2.9.3: Limit the type of development, population density, maximum site coverage, and height of
structures as specified in the applicable safety zones in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and
as shown on Figure LU-4.
Policy 2.9.4: Limit the development of sensitive land uses (e.g. residential, hospitals, schools) within the 65
dB Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) contour, as shown on Figure LU-4.
Policy2.9.5: Ensure that the heights of structures do not impact navigable airspace, as defined in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA.
Policy 2.9.6: As required by State Law for real estate transactions within the Airport Influence Area, as
shown on Figure LU-4, require notification/disclosure statements to alert potential buyers and tenants ofthe
presence of and potential impacts from the San Bernardino International Airport.
Noise Element
Policy 14.2.1: Work with Caltrans to landscape or install mitigation elements along freeways and highways
adjacent to existing residential subdivisions or noise-sensitive uses to reduce noise impacts.
Policy 14.2.5: Require sound walls, berms, and landscaping along existing and future highways and
railroad right-of-ways to beautify the landscape and reduce noise.
Policy 14.2.6: Buffer residential neighborhoods from noise caused by train operations and increasing high
traffic volumes along major arterials and freeways.
Page 5.8-42 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 14.2.7: Require heliports/helistops to comply with Federal Aviation Administration standards.
Proposed General Plan policies related to the preservation of natural habitats in the San Bernardino area:
Land Use Element
Policy 2.1.2: Require that new development with potentially adverse impacts on existing neighborhoods or
residents such as noise, traffic, emissions, and storm water runoff, be located and designed so that quality of
life and safety in existing neighborhoods are preserved.
Policy 2.2.2: Require new uses to provide mitigation or buffers between existing uses where potential
adverse impacts could occur, including, as appropriate, decorative walls, landscape setbacks, restricted
vehicular access, enclosure of parking structures to prevent sound transmission, and control of lighting and
ambient illumination.
Policy 2.2.4: Hillside development and development adjacent to natural areas shall be designed and
landscaped to preserve natural features and habitat and protect structures from the threats from natural
disasters, such as wildfires and floods.
Policy 2.2.10: The protection of the quality of life shall take precedence during the review of new projects.
Accordingly, the City shall utilize its discretion to deny or require mitigation of projects that result in impacts
that outweigh benefits to the public.
Policy 2.6.2: Balance the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with the need for new development
through site plan review and enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Natural Resources Element
Policy12.1.2: Site and develop land uses in a manner that is sensitive to the unique characteristics of and
that minimizes the impacts upon sensitive biological resources.
Policy 12.1.3: Require that all proposed land uses in the "Biological Resource Management Area" (BRM),
Figure NRC-1, be subject to review by the Environmental Review Committee (ERG).
Policy 12.2.1: Prohibit development and grading within fifty (50) feet of riparian corridors, as designated in
Figure NRC-1 unless no feasible alternative exists.
Programs
The Corridor Improvement program is an optional package of policy, regulatory and incentive programs that,
if applied, are intended to stimulate private investment and result in desired development within the Corridor
Strategic Areas. This is accomplished by providing optional incentives, in the form of density bonuses and
varied development standards, to developments that qualify.
. Promote downtown revitalization by seeking and facilitating mixed-use projects (e.g. combinations
of residential, commercial and office uses).
. Accommodate residential units above the first floor of commercial structures provided that: a) the
impacts of noise, odor, and other characteristics of commercial activity can be adequately mitigated;
and b) a healthy, safe, and well-designed living environment with a complement of amenities can be
achieved for the residential units.
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.8-43
5.
Environmental Analysis
5.8.3.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.8-1:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
NOT DIVIDE AN ESTABLISHED COMMUNITY. [THRESHOLD LU-1]
Impact Analysis: The land use plan concentrates development on 27 percent of the total site near the areas
of existing development. Three hundred sixty eight acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are
currently located in the incorporated City. The remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County
of San Bernardino. There is one existing dwelling unit within the incorporated portion and ten units in the
unincorporated portion of the SpecifiC Plan. Ten of these units are part of the hotel and were intended as
temporary housing. A few units are used by maintenance staff as permanent housing. Currently, there are
nine permanent residents that also work at Arrowhead Springs. Employment at Arrowhead Springs consists
of maintenance and security staff and the offices of the American Development Group. During the business
week, there are twenty employees on-site. No permanent community exists on-site.
AHS IMPACT 5.8-2: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
NOT CONFLICT WITH APPLICABLE PLANS ADOPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF
AVOIDING OR MITIGATING AN ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT. [THRESHOLD LU-2}
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan addresses the orderly population growth within
1,916 acres partially within and outside of the City's jurisdictional boundaries. Three hundred sixty eight
acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently located in the incorporated City. The
remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino.
At build-out, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would accommodate 1 ,350 residential units. Based on a
factor of 3.340 persons per household and an adjustment for senior units 1, the projected population at build-
out for the Specific Plan would be approximately 4,233 people. This would account for 1.3 percent of the
population and 1.4 percent of the housing units at build-out of the City's total planning area. While there is no
standard for comparison, the proportions of population and housing resulting from build-out of Arrowhead
Springs are not in themselves significant.
Arrowhead Springs provides 1,350 new residential units, including 36 single-family units and 1,314 attached
and multi-family units. This mixture is vastly different than what currently exists in the City. The 2000
Decennial Census found that the housing stock in the City was 58.8 percent single-family, 4.3 percent single-
family attached, 29.8 percent multi-family, 6.9 percent mobile homes, and 0.2 percent other types of units
(boats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc). On the other hand, single-family homes in Arrowhead Springs
account for 2.7 percent of the total units while multi-family units account for 97.3 percent of the units.
The SpecifiC Plan would also accommodate the development of 1 ,044,646 square feet of non-residential
uses, which includes 235,996 square feet of existing and 808,650 square feet of new commercial uses. At
build out, the land use plan for the total planning area could generate approximately 2,530 jobs. Based upon
the 2000 Census, the City of San Bernardino has an 11.3 percent housing vacancy rate. However, due to the
unique nature and mixture of product in Arrowhead Springs, a 5 percent vacancy rate has been assumed for
the Specific Plan. Given the 5 percent vacancy rate, Arrowhead Springs may realize 1,283 households. At
build-out, Arrowhead Springs would have a jobs-to-household factor of 1.97 and would be considered jobs-
rich. SCAG projections indicate that the City as a whole will be jobs-rich in 2025 (2.05 jobs-to-household
ratio) and the build-out projections for the proposed General Plan show a greater level of jobs-to-households
(4.67 jobs-to-household ratio). The Specific Plan contributes slightly to this overall jobs-to-households
imbalance in the City but helps reduce the housing imbalance in the region. Therefore, development of the
'In the Senior Village (RM-SV), it is assumed that 150 units will be restricted to seniors (1.5 persons per unit) and 150 units will not
be age restricted (3.340 persons per unit)
Page 5.8-44 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would present a minimal conflict with applicable plans. Please see Table
5.8-5 for consistency with SCAG policies.
AHS IMPACT 5.8-3:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
NOT CONFLICT WITH ADOPTED HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN(S).
[THRESHOLD LU-3]
Impact Analysis: The County of San Bernardino has not adopted Habitat Conservation Plans in or near the
City of San Bernardino or the Arrowhead Springs specific Plan area
5.8.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
There are no existing regulations or standard conditions related to land use and planning that apply to the
proposed General Plan Update or the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
5.8.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant before mitigation:
GP Impact 5.8-1
GP Impact 5.8-2
GP Impact 5.8-3
AHS Impact 5.8-1
AHS Impact 5.8-2
Implementation of the General Plan would not result in the physical division of an
established community. The General Plan would preserve und enhance the
community while intensifying commercial uses. One ofthe primary purposes ofthe
General Plan is to minimize the impacts of land use changes to adjacent areas and
to ensure the compatibility of these uses. The Land Use Element of the General
Plan Update contains goals and policies that encourage the preservation or
enhancement of the existing community through infill development, enhanced
landscaping, gateways, and pedestrian/bicycle connections, as well as the
continuance of the City's resort/residential character and development of
compatible uses that would enhance the existing character.
Implementation of the General Plan and would not conflict with applicable plans.
The General Plan Update and University District Specific Plan are consistent with
the ten core policies of SCAG's Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG)
and ancillary/advisory policies that are relevant to the proposed project. In addition,
the General Plan includes policies that address compatibility with and protection of
the SBIA and the adopted Airport Influence Area is incorporated in the General
Plan.
Since the County of San Bernardino has not adopted Habitat Conservation Plans in
or near the City of San Bernardino, implementation of the General Plan would not
conflict with adopted habitat conservation plan(s).
There are 11 units located within Arrowhead Springs, of which 6 are temporarily
occupied by employees of the facility. Since no permanent community exists on-
site, implementation of the Arrowhead Springs specific plan would not divide an
established community.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would not conflict with applicable plans. The
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would be consistent with the ten core policies of
SCAG's Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide (RCPG) and ancillary/advisory
policies that are relevant to the proposed project.
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.8-45
San Bernardino General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plan
""j;
5.
Environmental Analysis
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AHS Impact 5.8.3
Since the County of San Bernardino has not adopted Habitat Conservation Plans in
or near the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, implementation of the Specific Plan
would not conflict with adopted habitat conservation plan(s).
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5.8.6 Mitigation Measures
No significant impacts were identified for either the General Plan update or the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan and no mitigation measures are necessary.
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5.8.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
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Page 5.8-46 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.9 MINERAL RESOURCES
This section of the EIR evaluates the potential for implementation of the City of San Bernardino General Plan
Update, and the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan to impact mineral resources in the City San Bernardino
and its Sphere of Influence (SOl). This document focuses on those issues determined to be potentially
significant as described in the Initial Study completed for this project (See Appendix A).
The analysis in this section is based in part on the following technical report(s):
. City of San Bernardino General Plan, Envicom Corporation, Adopted June 2, 1989,
. DMG Open-File Report 94-08, Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1995
Minerals are defined as any naturally occurring chemical elements or compounds, formed from inorganic
processes and organic substances. Minable minerals or an "ore deposit" is defined as a deposit of ore or
mineral having a value materially in excess of the cost of developing, mining and processing the mineral and
reclaiming the project area. Mineral resources are an integral part of development and economic well-being
of a city or county. The wise conservation, extraction and processing of those mineral resources is essential
to meeting the needs of society.
Mineral deposits are important to many industries, including construction, transportation, and chemical
processing. The first mineral commodity selected by the State Mining and Geology Board for classification
by the State Geologist was construction aggregate-sand, gravel, and crushed rock. The value of mineral
deposits is enhanced by their close proximity to urban areas; however, these mineral deposits are
endangered by the same urbanization that enhances their value. The non-renewable characteristic of mineral
deposits necessitates the careful and efficient development of mineral resources to prevent the unnecessary
waste of these deposits due to careless exploitation and uncontrolled urbanization.
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Mineral Resource Classification
The California Geological Survey Mineral Resources Project provides information about California's non-fuel
mineral resources. The Mineral Resources Project classifies lands throughout the State that contain
regionally significant mineral resources as mandated by the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) of
1975. Non-fuel mineral resources include metals such as gold, silver, iron, and copper; industrial metals
such as boron compounds, rare-earth elements, clays, limestone, gypsum, salt and dimension stone; and
construction aggregate including sand, gravel, and crushed stone. Development generally results in a
demand for minerals, especially construction aggregate. The presence or absence of significant sand,
gravel, or stone deposits that are suitable sources of aggregate are classified as Mineral Resource Zones
(MRZs), as described below. The intent of classification is to assist lead agencies, planners, and the public in
the wise use, management, and conservation of California's mineral resources. As California's population
continues to expand, the demand for minerals, especially building construction such as aggregates, will
similarly grow.
. MRZ-1 - A Mineral Resource Zone where adequate information indicates that no significant mineral
deposits are present or likely to be present.
. MRZ-2 - A Mineral Resource Zone where adequate information indicates that significant mineral
deposits are present, or a likelihood of their presence and development should be controlled.
. MRZ-3 - A Mineral Resource Zone where the significance of mineral deposits cannot be determined
from the available data.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.9-1
5. Environmental Analysis
· MRZ-4 - A Mineral Resource Zone where there is insufficient data to assign any other MRZ
designation.
5.9.1 Environmental Setting
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5.9.2.1
San Bernardino General Plan
The City of San Bernardino lies on a broad, gently sloping lowland that flanks the southwest margin of the
San Bernardino Mountains. The lowland is underlain by alluvial sediments eroded from bedrock in the
adjacent mountains and washed by rivers and creeks into the valley region where they have accumulated in
layers of gravel, sand, silt and clay. Sediment accumulation has continued for a few million years, during
which time increasing thicknesses of sediments have gradually buried the original hill and valley topography
of the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo Basin. Shandin Hills and other smaller hill areas in the basin are remnants of
the original topography.
The San Bernardino Mountains, Shandin Hills, and other hilly areas are comprised predominantly of
Mesozoic and older crystalline basement terrain. Younger sedimentary deposits consist of late Pleistocene
alluvium outcropping on the older alluvial fans northeast of the City, and underlying the younger Holocene
alluvium of the San Bernardino Valley. These younger sediments accumulated in two different depositional
environments. Alluvial fans that extend downslope from the mouths of the San Bernardino Mountain canyons
consist of coarser grained and more poorly sorted boulders, cobbles, gravels, sands, silts and clays that
decrease in size and abundance to the southwest. Floodplain deposits from the Santa Ana River and Cajon
and Lytle Creeks in the vicinity of metropolitan San Bernardino are comprised predominantly of sand, sandy
silt, and silt. The alluvial fan and floodplain deposits interfinger and form a highly variable and often times
laterally discontinuous layering of various sizes of alluvial materials.
...
..
_lit
.."
The sediments accumulated in the alluvial fans and floodplain deposits described above have been
classified by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. In the San
Bernardino City area, the bulk of construction aggregate is found in the natural sand and gravel deposits of
Cajon Wash, Lytle Creek, Warm Creek, City Creek, and the Santa Ana River. Figure 5.9-1 depicts the MRZs
as described earlier for the City of San Bernardino and its SOl and as classified in the 1995 California
Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 94-08 (CDC-DMG). The
primary goal of mineral resource classification is to identify regionally significant mineral deposits in an effort
to conserve and develop them for anticipated aggregate production needs of the region. The remainder of
the City is designated as MRZ-1 MRZ-3 and MRZ-4 zones.
...
....
,,"'
The State of California designates a large meandering swath of MRZ-2 area predominately near the western
and southern City boundaries. The MRZ-2 areas indicate the existence of construction aggregate deposits
that meet certain State criteria for value and marketability based solely on geologic factors. By statute, the
Board does not utilize "existing land uses" as a criterion in its classification of Mineral Resource Zones. This
may often result in the classification of M RZs which are already developed in a variety of uses and intensities,
rendering these areas unsuitable for mineral production. However, additional State studies in San Bernardino
include the criteria of "existing land use." This helps identify resource sectors that contain aggregate
resources which remain potentially available from a land use perspective. The regionally significant
construction aggregate sectors within City planning areas are depicted in Figure 5.9-2. Private lands within
the City limit that are part of the significant construction aggregate sectors are designated IE, Industrial
Extractive and IH, Industrial Heavy, to facilitate mineral resource development.
",.
......
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Page 5.9-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Mineral Resource Zones
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D MRZ-l No Significant Mineral De!""its are Likely to be Present
D MRZ-2 Significant Mineral Deposits are Likely, Development Should be Controlled
D MRZ-3 Significant Mineral De!""its Cannot be Determined from Available Data
D MRZ-4 Insufficient Data to Assign any other MRZ Designation
D City Boundary
;__u__: Sphere ofInfluence Boundary
NOT TO SCALE
~
Note: MRZs reflected and refmed in the Industrial
Extractive (IE) designation.
Source: Cali/ami. Dept. 0/ Conservation, DMG, Open-File Report 94-08 (1995)
San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJociaud Specific Plam EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.9-1
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.9-4 . The Planning Center
Jllly 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Regionally Significant Construction
Aggregate Sectors
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D Construction Aggregate Sectors (Sand and Gravel)
D Construction Aggregate Sectors Listed for Deletion in 1985
~ Existing Industrial Extraction (IE) Use Zone
~ Existing Industrial Heavy (I H) Use Zone
D City Boundary
[~~~~~j Sphere or Influence Boundary
NOT TO SCALE
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SOUtCO: Env;com CotpOf8tion
San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJJlKiated Spedf;. PlanJ EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.9-2
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
The presence of resource sectors require that a General Plan show the location of the sectors and
incorporate policies for the management of their mineral resources. If a city proposes a land use that is
incompatible with mineral extraction in or near resource sectors, it must reveal why the mineral resource is
not being protected. In 1985, the City of San Bernardino requested deletion of 12 of their 31 designated
Mineral Resource Sectors. Since that time, at least five of the sectors had been deleted by the State, and
seven sectors were still being opposed by the City for mineral resource designation (Figure 5.9-2).
5.9.2.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs planning area is located in the northeastern portion of the San Bernardino planning
area. Generally, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area has the same geological setting as the City of San
Bernardino as they are interconnected. However, while the City lies mainly at the base of the steeper slopes
of the San Bernardino Mountains, the Arrowhead Springs planning area extends up the flank of the San
Bernardino Mountains. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area lies at an elevation of 1,480 feet to 2,400
feet above mean sea level (msl). Arrowhead Springs is located in the Waterman Canyon and East Twin
Creek Watersheds and three primary water courses flow through the planning area: the East Twin Creek;
Strawberry Creek; and West Twin Creek which flows through Waterman Canyon. The Arrowhead Springs
planning area can be described as hilly marked with sharp terrain, valleys, and inaccessible steep slopes of
the San Bernardino Mountains. In general the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area consists of numerous
canyons primarily facing south.
Within areas of the upper plateau and ridges, near the south, the subgrade soils are comprised of
moderately dense, deeply weathered gravely sand with some silts. Within the upper plateau and hillsides
near the north, subgrades are expected to consist of grayish brown to gray highly fractured metamorphic
rocks, weathered gravelly sand of decomposed granitic origin, and/or calcite as derived from old hot springs.
Within the canyon bottoms, subgrade soils consist of alluviums of silty fine sand and fine to medium coarse
gravelly sand of variable consistency along with numerous cobbles and isolated rocks. Subgrade soils
underlying the upper described alluviums are expected to consist of well consolidated gravelly sand or
weathered bedrock of siltstone/sandstone origin, generally compressible in nature.
~
The sediments accumulated in the alluvial fans and floodplain deposits described above have been partially
classified by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. The Arrowhead
Springs area is predominately outside the limit of aggregate classification and zoned as MRZ-4. However,
the most southern portion of the area is within the limit of classification and zoned as MRZ-3. Figure 5.9-1
indicates that the MRZ-3 zone lacks adequate information for the Arrowhead Springs area. The primary goal
of mineral resource classification was to identify regionally significant mineral deposits in an effort to
conserve and develop them for anticipated aggregate production needs of the region. The Arrowhead
Springs area does not have sufficient data available to make a determination of any significant mineral
deposits.
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
M-1
Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value
to the region and the residents of the state.
M-2
Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site
delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.9-7
5. Environmental Analysis
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parenthesis after the impact
statement.
5.9.4.1
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.9-1:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION WOULD NOT RESULT IN THE LOSS OF
AVAILABILITY OF A KNOWN MINERAL RESOURCE. [THRESHOLDS M-1 AND
M-2]
Impact Analysis: As previously stated the City of San Bernardino further evaluated areas listed by the State
as containing regionally significant construction aggregate sectors as shown on Figure 5.9-2 and determined
several sectors could not be protected due to incompatible land use and such sectors were opposed by the
City. The reasons these sectors are opposed by the City include; rapid growth rate (in excess of 25 percent),
identification of rare and endangered plant species, traffic and safety concerns, proximity to highly urbanized
areas, inadequate freeway access, and incompatibility with surrounding land uses (lack of a adequate buffer
zone).
The aggregate sectors identified on Figure 5.9-2 (not including the contested areas) all fall within Public
Flood Control or Industrial land use designations where mineral extraction is an allowed use and thus build-
out of the General Plan as proposed does not represent a loss in availability of a known mineral resource.
""
.,0
""".
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following are City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to mineral resources:
Natural Resources Element
Policy 12.4.1: Continue to document current extraction sites, including sand and gravel quarries, including
the status and duration of existing permits and approvals.
..
Policy 12.4.2: Impose conditions and enforce mitigation measures on mining operations to reduce dust,
noise, and safety hazards associated with removal of construction aggregate and minimize impacts on
adjacent properties and environmental resources.
..
Policy 12.4.3: Determine and designate approved access routes to and from mineral resource sectors to
minimize the impacts to vehicular circulation on City streets.
Policy 12.4.4: Require that any applications to permit uses other than mineral extraction or the interim uses
defined in areas designated IE, Industrial Extractive include findings to be prepared by the project proponent
outlining the reasons why mining is not a feasible use and how the deletion of the area as a potential mineral
resource supply impacts the regional supply of aggregate resources.
Policy 12.4.5: Require that the operation and reclamation of surface mines be consistent with the State
Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) and the Development Code.
....
",*-'
Policy 12.4.6: Designate post aggregate extraction reclamation procedures to mitigate potential
environmental impacts and safety hazards. Long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of the reclamation
procedures should be considered as an integral part of the program.
Policy 12.4.7: Restrict incompatible land uses within the impact area of existing or potential surface mining
areas.
Page 5.9-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 12.4.8: Require that new, non-mining land uses adjacent to existing mining operations be designed
to provide a buffer between the new development and the mining operations. The buffer distance shall be
based on an evaluation of noise, aesthetics, drainage, operating conditions, biological resources,
topography, lighting, traffic, operating hours, and air quality.
5.9.4.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.9-1:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION WOULD NOT RESULT IN THE LOSS OF
AVAILABILITY OF A KNOWN MINERAL RESOURCE. {THRESHOLDS M-1 AND
M-2]
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs area is predominately outside the limit of aggregate classification
and zoned as MRZ-4. However, the most southern portion of the area is within the limit of classification and
zoned as MRZ-3. The area of Arrowhead Springs is not considered likely to contain significant sources of
mineral resources. Furthermore due to its mountainous terrain and limited access roads pockets of
aggregates which may be in the low lying stream bed areas are not likely to be economically viable.
Additionally the MWD pipeline would preclude mining in areas where it is located. There are currently no
aggregate mining activities in the area. At this time there is no evidence of economically viable mineral
resources within the area and development pursuant to the Specific Plan is not anticipated to result in loss of
significant resources. However, the future economic feasibility of mining any of the MRZ-3 or MRZ-4
resources would depend on future market conditions and the resource availability within the production-
consumption area.
. The intent of SMARA is to promote production and conservation of mineral resources, minimize
environmental effects of mining and to ensure that mined lands will be reclaimed to conditions
suitable for alternative uses. The act mandates a two-phased mineral resources process called
classification-designation. The California Division of Mines and Geology is responsible for the classi-
fication phase of the process and the State Mining and Geology Board is responsible for designating
areas of significance that are known to contain significant mineral deposits. This objective of
providing the information is to provide a basis for local land use decision makers in which the
availability of the mineral resource is acknowledged.
~
. California aggregate companies are heavily regulated and must meet the requirements of up to
80 agencies overseeing federal, state, county, and local laws. Regulations cover environmental,
technical, health and safety, aesthetic, cultural, land use, and reclamation standards. Obtaining an
operating permit is both intensive and extensive, involving in-depth studies and thorough data
compilation. Consulting with communities, regulatory agencies, government officials, and all other
interested or affected stakeholders is an equally important procedure. The permitting process often
takes from 2-10 years to complete, includes substantial up-front investment by the company, and
offers no guarantee of project approval. Once the permit is granted, the regulatory process
continues throughout the life of the operation with continued submission of data, and inspections.
Upon implementation of project design features, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.9-1
The aggregate sectors identified by the State fall within use designations where
mineral extraction is an allowed use; thus build-out ofthe General Plan as proposed
does not represent a loss in availability of a known mineral resource.
General Plan Update and ASJOciated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.9-9
5. Environmental Analysis
....
AHS Impact 5.9-1
Although not specifically identified by the State, the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan area is not likely to yield economically significant aggregate sectors due to
mountainous terrain and preexisting uses.
....
5.9.7.1
San Bernardino General Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
5.9.7.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
....
No significant adverse impacts relating to mineral resources were identified and no mitigation measures are
necessary.
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Page 5.9-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.10 NOISE
5.10.1 Environmental Setting
Characteristics of Sound
Sound is a pressure wave transmitted through the air. It is described in terms of loudness or amplitude
(measured in decibels), frequency or pitch (measured in Hertz [Hz} or cycles per second), and duration
(measured in seconds or minutes). The standard unit of measurement of the loudness of sound is the
decibel (dB). Changes of 1 to 3 dBA are detectable under quiet, controlled conditions and changes of less
than 1 dBA are usually indiscernible. A change of 5 dBA is readily discernable to most people in an exterior
environment whereas a 10 dBA change is perceived as a doubling (or halving) of the sound.
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies. Sound waves below 16 Hz are not heard at all and
are "felt" more as a vibration. Similarly, while people with extremely sensitive hearing can hear sounds as
high as 20,000 Hz, most people cannot hear above 15,000 Hz. In all cases, hearing acuity falls off rapidly
above about 10,000 Hz and below about 200 Hz. Since the human ear is not equally sensitive to sound at all
frequencies, a special frequency dependent rating scale is usually used to relate noise to human sensitivity.
The A-weighted decibel scale (dBA) performs this compensation by discriminating against frequencies in a
manner approximating the sensitivity of the human ear.
Noise is defined as unwanted sound, and is known to have several adverse effects on people, including
hearing loss, speech and sleep interference, physiological responses, and annoyance. Based on these
known adverse effects of noise, the Federal government, the State of California, and many local govern-
ments have established criteria to protect public health and safety and to prevent disruption of certain human
activities.
~
Measurement of Sound
Sound intensity is measured through the A-weighted measure to correct for the relative frequency response
of the human ear. That is, an A-weighted noise level de-emphasizes low and very high frequencies of sound
similar to the human ear's de-emphasis of these frequencies.
Unlike linear units such as inches or pounds, decibels are measured on a logarithmic scale, representing
points on a sharply rising curve. On a logarithmic scale, an increase of 10 dB is 10 times more intense than
1 dB, while 20 dB is 100 times more intense, and 30 dB is 1,000 times more intense. A sound as soft as
human breathing is about 10 times greater than 0 dB. The decibel system of measuring sound gives a rough
connection between the physical intensity of sound and its perceived loudness to the human ear. Ambient
sounds generally range from 30 dBA (very quiet) to 100 dBA (very loud).
Sound levels are generated from a source and their decibel level decreases as the distance from that source
increases. Sound dissipates exponentially with distance from the noise source. This phenomenon is known
as "spreading loss." For a single point source, sound levels decrease by approximately 6 dB for each
doubling of distance from the source. This drop-off rate is appropriate for noise generated by on-site
operations from stationary equipment or activity at a project site. If noise is produced by a line source, such
as highway traffic, the sound decreases by 3 dB for each doubling of distance in a hard site environment.
Line source noise in a relatively flat environment with absorptive vegetation decreases by 4.5 dB for each
doubling of distance. This latter value is also used in the calculation of railroad noise.
Time variation in noise exposure is typically expressed in terms of a steady-state energy level equal to the
energy content of the time varying period (called Leq), or alternately, as a statistical description of the sound
level that is exceeded over some fraction of a given observation period. For example, the Lso noise level
represents the noise level that is exceeded 50 percent of the time. Half the time the noise level exceeds this
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plam EIR
City o/San Bernardino. Page 5.10-1
5. Environmental Analysis
level and half the time the noise level is less than this level. This level is also representative of the level that is
exceeded 30 minutes in an hour. Similarly, the La2' laB and L25 values represent the noise levels that are
exceeded 2, 8, and 25 percent of the time or 1, 5, and 15 minutes per hour. These "L" values are typically
used to demonstrate compliance for stationary noise sources with a city's noise ordinance, as discussed
below. Other values typically noted during a noise survey are the L"in and L"ax. These values represent the
minimum and maximum root-mean-square noise levels obtained over the measurement period.
Because community receptors are more sensitive to unwanted noise intrusion during the evening and at
night, State law and the City of San Bernardino require that, for planning purposes, an artificial dB increment
be added to quiet time noise levels in a 24-hour noise descriptor called the Community Noise Equivalent
Level (CNEL) or Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn). The CNEL descriptor requires that an artificial increment of
5 dBA be added to the actual noise level for the hours from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. and 10 dBA for the hours
from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. The Ldn descriptor uses the same methodology except that there is no artificial
increment added to the hours between 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. Both descriptors give roughly the same
24-hour level with the CNEL being only slightly more restrictive (i.e., higher).
Psychological and Physiological Effects of Noise
Physical damage to human hearing begins at prolonged exposure to noise levels higher than 85 dBA.
Exposure to high noise levels affects our entire system, with prolonged noise exposure in excess of 75 dBA
increasing body tensions, and thereby affecting blood pressure, functions of the heart and the nervous
system. In comparison, extended periods of noise exposure above 90 dBA could result in permanent cell
damage. When the noise level reaches 120 dBA, a tickling sensation occurs in the human ear even with
short-term exposure. This level of noise is called the threshold of feeling. As the sound reaches 140 dBA, the
tickling sensation is replaced by the feeling of pain in the ear. This is called the threshold of pain. A sound
level of 190 dBA will rupture the eardrum and permanently damage the inner ear.
...
Vibration Fundamentals
Vibration is a trembling, quivering, or oscillating motion of the earth. Like noise, vibration is transmitted in
waves, but in this case through the earth or solid objects. Unlike noise, vibration is typically of a frequency
that is felt rather than heard.
Vibration can be either natural as in the form of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea waves, landslides, or
man-made as from explosions, the action of heavy machinery or heavy vehicles such as trains. Both natural
and man-made vibration may be continuous such as from operating machinery, or transient as from an
explosion.
As with noise, vibration can be described by both its amplitude and frequency. Amplitude may be charac-
terized in three ways including displacement, velocity and acceleration. Particle displacement is a measure
of the distance that a vibrated particle travels from its original position and for the purposes of soil displace-
ment is typically measured in inches or millimeters. Particle velocity is the rate of speed at which soil particles
move in inches per second or millimeters per second. Particle acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
with respect to time and is measured in inches per second or millimeters per second. Typically, particle
velocity (measured in inches or millimeters per second) and/or acceleration (measured in gravities) are used
to describe vibration. Table 5.10-1 presents the human reaction to various levels of peak particle velocity.
,..-.
Vibrations also vary in frequency and this affects perception. Typical construction vibrations fall in the 10 to
30 Hz range and usually occur around 15 Hz. Traffic vibrations exhibit a similar range of frequencies;
however, due to their suspension systems, buses often generate frequencies around 3 Hz at high vehicle
speeds. It is more uncommon, but possible, to measure traffic frequencies above 30 Hz.
Page 5.10-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
.,,-
5. Environmental Analysis
Vibration Level
Peak Particle
Velocity
(in/see) Human Reaction Effect on Buildings
0.006 - 0.019 Threshold of perception, possibility of intrusion Vibrations unlikely to cause damage of any type
0.08 Vibrations readily perceptible Recommended upper level of vibration to which ruins and
ancient monuments should be subjected
0.10 Level at which continuous vibration begins to Virtually no risk of "architectural" (i.e., not structural)
annoy people damage to normal buildings
Vibrations annoying to people in buildings Threshold at which there is a risk to "architectural"
0.20 damage to normal dwelling - houses with plastered walls
and ceilings
Vibrations considered unpleasant by people Vibrations at a greater level than normally expected from
0.4 - 0.6 subjected to continuous vibrations and traffic, but would cause "architectural" damage and
unacceptable to some people walking on bridges possibly minor structural damage
Table 5.10-1
Human Reaction to Typical Vibration Levels
Source: Caltrans 2002.
The way in which vibration is transmitted through the earth is called propagation. Propagation of earthborn
vibrations is complicated and difficult to predict because of the endless variations in the soil through which
waves travel. There are three main types of vibration propagation: surface, compression and shear waves.
Surface waves, or Raleigh waves, travel along the ground's surface. These waves carry most of their energy
along an expanding circular wave front, similar to ripples produced by throwing a rock into a pool of water.
P-waves, or compression waves, are body waves that carry their energy along an expanding spherical wave
front. The particle motion in these waves is longitudinal (i.e., in a "push-pull" fashion). P-waves are analo-
gous to airborne sound waves. S-waves, or shear waves, are also body waves that carry energy along an
expanding spherical wave front. However, unlike P-waves, the particle motion is transverse or "side-to-side
and perpendicular to the direction of propagation."
~
As vibration waves propagate from a source, the energy is spread over an ever-increasing area such that the
energy level striking a given point is reduced with the distance from the energy source. This geometric
spreading loss is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Wave energy is also reduced with
distance as a result of material damping in the form of internal friction, soil layering, and void spaces. The
amount of attenuation provided by material damping varies with soil type and condition as well as the
frequency of the wave.
Regulatory Framework
To limit population exposure to physically and/or psychologically damaging, as well as intrusive noise levels,
the Federal government, the State of California, various County governments, and most municipalities in the
State have established standards and ordinances to control noise.
Federal Regulations
Federal Highway Administration
Interstate 215, Interstate 21 0, Interstate 10, State Route (SR) 30, SR-330, and SR-18 traverse the City of San
Bernardino. These routes are subject to Federal funding and as such are under the purview of the Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA). The FHWA has developed noise standards that are typically used for
General Plan VJ/date and AJJoclclted SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bemardino - Page 5.10-3
5. Environmental Analysis
federally funded roadway projects or projects that require either Federal or Caltrans review. These noise
standards are based on Leq and LlO values.
....
The FHWA values are the maximum desirable values by land use type and area based on a "trade-off" of
what is desirable and what is reasonably feasible. These values recognize that in many cases lower noise
exposures would result in greater community benefits. The FHWA design noise levels are included in Table
5.102.
ll'"
Table 5.10-2
FHWA Design Noise Levels
Activity Design Noise Levels 1
Category Lea (dBA) LIO (dBA) Description 01 Activity Category
Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary
A 57 60 significance and selVe an important public need and where the
(exterior) (exterior) preselVation of those qualities is essential if the area is to
continue to selVe its intended purpose.
67 70 Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sports
B (exterior) (exterior) areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches,
libraries, and hospitals.
C 72 75 Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in
(exterior) (exterior) Categories A or B, above
D - - Undeveloped lands.
E 52 55 Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools,
(interior) (interior) churches, libraries, hospitals, and auditoriums.
O.
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1 Either L", or LlO (but not both) design noise levels may be used on a project.
Source: FHWA
\'!I'"
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
In addition to FHWA standards, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified the
relationship between noise levels and human response. The EPA has determined that over a 24-hour period,
a Leq of 70 dBA will result in some hearing loss. Interference with activity and annoyance will not occur if
exterior levels are maintained at a Leq of 55 dBA and interior levels at or below 45 dBA. While these levels are
relevant for planning and design and useful for informational purposes, they are not land use planning
criteria because they do not consider economic cost, technical feasibility, or the needs of the community.
..
The EPA also set 55 dBA Ldn as the basic goal for exterior residential noise intrusion. However, other
Federal agencies, in consideration of their own program requirements and goals, as well as difficulty of
actually achieving a goal of 55 dBA Ldn, have settled on the 65 dBA Ldn level as their standard. At 65 dBA
Ldn, activity interference is kept to a minimum, and annoyance levels are still low. It is also a level that can
realistically be achieved.
....IF!
Occupational Health and Safety Administration
The Federal government regulates occupational noise exposure common in the workplace through the
Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) under the EPA. Such limitations would apply to the
operation of construction equipment and could also apply to any proposed industrial land uses. Noise
exposure of this type is dependent on work conditions and is addressed through a facility's Health and
Safety Plan, as required under OSHA, and is therefore not addressed further in this analysis.
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Jttfy 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
u.s. Department of Housing and Urban Development
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has set a goal of 65 dBA Ldn as a desirable
maximum exterior standard for residential units developed under HUD funding. (This level is also generally
accepted within the State of California.). While HUD does not specify acceptable interior noise levels,
standard construction of residential dwellings constructed under Title 24 standards typically provides in
excess of 20 dBA of attenuation with the windows closed. Based on this premise, the interior Ldn should not
exceed 45 dBA.
Railroad Noise Standards
The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), Union Pacific, and Metrolink railroads also transverse the City of
San Bernardino. The Federal government regulates railroad operations in the United States. Train noise is
preempted from direct local control by the Federal Noise Control Act (Public Law 90-411, as amended).
Federal regulations do not specify absolute levels of acceptable noise that apply directly to rail noise and
compatible land uses along rail lines. The following summarizes the applicable Federal rail noise assessment
criteria and guidelines.
The EPA is charged with regulating railroad noise under the Noise Control Act. These regulations appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter 1, Part 201. While these regulations remain in force, the
EPA Office of Noise Abatement and Control was closed in 1982, leaving enforcement of the EPA regulations
to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). Representatives of the EPA, however, have indicated that states
and localities may, at their option, enforce the Federal regulation.
Table 5.10-3 summarizes the EPA railroad noise standards that set operating noise standards for railroad
equipment and set noise limit standards for new equipment. (Note that these values are in terms of the L",ax
[Le., greatest root-mean-square value obtained over a measurement period], and can be considerably
greater than the Leq [Le., time-weighted equivalent sound level] typically used in the measurement of
obtrusive noise.])
~
Operating Measured Standard
Noise Sources Conditions Noise Metric Distance (feet) (dBA)
Non-Switcher Locomotives built on Stationary L (Slow) 1 100 73
or before 12/31/79 Idle Stationary Lm" (Slow) 100 93
Non-Idle Moving Lm" (Fast) 2 100 95
Switcher Locomotives plus Non- Stationary Lm" (Slow) 100 70
Switcher Locomotives built after Idle Stationary Lm" (Slow) 100 87
12/31/79 Non-Idle Moving Lm" (Fast) 100 90
Speed < 45 mph Lm" (Fast) 100 88
Rail Cars Speed > 45 mph Lm" (Fast) 100 93
Coupling Adj. Avg. Max. 50 92
Table 5.10-3
Summary of EPA/FRA Railroad Noise Standards
1 A slow exponentlal-tlme-welghtlng IS used.
2 A fast exponential-time-weighting is used.
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency Railroad Noise Emission Standard (40 CFR Part 201)
The Federal Rail Administration adopted the EPA railroad noise standards as its noise regulations (CFR 49,
Chapter 11, part 210) for the purpose of enforcement. The standards provide specific noise limits for
stationary and moving locomotives, moving railroad cars and associated railroad operations in terms of
A-weighted sound level at a specified measurement location. These regulations are pre-emptive, and states
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.] 0- 5
5. Environmental Analysis
and local governments cannot set more stringent limits for railroad equipment than required by these Federal
regulations.
Aircraft Noise Standards
The San Bernardino International Airport is located within the City of San Bernardino. The San Bernardino
International Airport was formerly known as the Norton Air Force Base until its closure in 1994. The Airport is
currently owned and operated by the San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA), a regional Joint
Powers Authority formed in 1990 and 1992 respectively. The SBIAA includes the City of San Bernardino, the
County of San Bernardino, Highland, Loma Linda, and Colton. The non-airport portions of former Norton Air
Force Base is under the jurisdiction of the Inland Valley Development Agency, a Joint Powers Authority that
includes the City of San Bernardino, the County of San Bernardino, Loma Linda, and Colton. The San
Bernardino Airport is an FAA Part 139 commercial airport, rated for Stage 2 aircraft. Stage 2 aircraft meet the
noise levels prescribed by Federal Aviation regulations (FAR) Part 36 and are less stringent than those
established for the quieter designation (Stage 3). Its infrastructure is supported with a 1 O,OOO-foot runway, a
new state-of-the-art Instrument Landing System and an Automated Weather Observation System III. The
SBIAA is currently in the process of preparing an Airport Master Plan and Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan
for the San Bernardino International Airport. Section 21676 of the Public Utilities Code requires that cities
revise general plans and specific plans to be consistent with the airport land use plan.
".."
The FAA Advisory Circular Number 150 5020 2, entitled "Noise Assessment Guidelines for New Helicopters
recommends the use of a cumulative noise measure, the 24-hour equivalent sound level (L"q(24)), so that the
relative contributions of the heliport and other sound sources within the community may be compared. The
Leq(24) is similar to the Ldn used in assessing the impacts of fixed wing aircraft. The helicopter Leq(24) values
are obtained by logarithmically adding the single-event SEL values over a 24-hour period.
~.
Public Law 96 193 also directs the FAA to identify land uses which are "normally compatible" with various
levels of noise from aircraft operations. Because of the size and complexity of many major hub airports and
their operations, FAR Part 150 identifies a large number of land uses and their attendant noise levels.
However, since the operations of most heliports and helistops tend to be much simpler and the impacts
more restricted in area, Part 150 does not apply to heliports/helistops not located on airport property.
Instead, the FAA recommends exterior noise criteria for individual heliports based on the types of
surrounding land uses. These recommended noise levels are included in Table 5.104.
The maximum recommended cumulative sound level (Leq(24)) from the operations of helicopters at any new
site should not exceed the ambient noise already present in the community at the site of the proposed
heliport or the sound levels in Table 5.10 4, whichever is lower.
Table 5.10-4
Normally Compatible Community Sound Levels
Type of Area L..(24)
Residential
Suburban 57
Urban 67
C~ n
Commercial n
Industrial 77
Source: FAA Advisory Circular Number 150-5020-2, 1983
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Page 5.10-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
California State Regulations
The California Department of Health Services' (DHS) Office of Noise Control has studied the correlation of
noise levels and their effects on various land uses. The State of California Interior and Exterior Noise
Standards are shown in Table 5.10-5.
Land Use CNEL (dBA)
Categories Uses Interior! Exterior
Residential Single and multi-family, duplex 453 65
Mobile homes - 65'
Hotel, motel, transient housing 45 -
Commercial retail, bank, restaurant 55 -
Office building, research and development, professional -
offices 50
Commercial Amphitheater, concert hall, auditorium, movie theater 45 -
Gymnasium (Multi-purpose) 50 -
Sports Club 55 -
Manufacturing, warehouse, wholesale, utilities 65 -
Movie Theaters 45 -
Institutional! Hospital, school classrooms/playground 45 65
Public Church, library 45 -
Open Space Parks - 65
Table 5.10-5
State of California Interior and Exterior Noise Standards
1 Indoor environment excluding: batl1rooms, kitchens, toilets, closets, and corridors
2 Outdoor environment limited to:
. Private yard of single-family dwellings' Multi-family private patios or balconies accessed from within the dwelling (Balconies 6 feet deep or
less are exempt) . Mobile home parks . Park picnic areas . School playgrounds . Hospital patios
3 Noise level requirement with closed windows, mechanical ventilation or other means of natural ventilation shall be provided as per Chapter 12,
Section 1205 of the Uniform Building Code.
, Exterior noise levels should be such that interior noise levels will not exceed 45 dBA CNEL.
~
Table 5.1 0-6, presents a land use compatibility chart for community noise prepared by the California Office of
Noise Control. This Table provides urban planners with a tool to gauge the compatibility of land uses relative
to existing and future noise levels.
Genera! Plan Update and AJSoaated SJlecific Plam fIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.] 0-7
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-6
Community Noise and Land Use Com
Land Uses
Residential-Low Density
Single Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes
Residential- Multiple Family
Transient Lodging: Hotels and Motels
Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing Homes
Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters
Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports
Playground, Neighborhood Parks
Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation, Cemeteries
Office Buildings, Businesses, Commercial and Professional
Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agricultural
Explanatory Notes
D Normally Acceptable:
With no special noise reduction requirements
assuming standard construction.
Conditionally Acceptable:
New construction or development should be
undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the
noise reduction requirement is made and needed
noise insulation features included in the design.
Source: Federal Highway Program Manual Vol. 7, Ch. 7, Sec. 3, 1982
. Generally Unacceptable:
New construction is discouraged. If new
construction does not proceed, a detailed analysis
of the noise reduction requirements must be made
and needed noise insulation features included in
the design.
. land Use Discouraged:
New construction or development should
generally not be undertaken.
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Page 5.10-8. The Planning Center
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July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.1 0-5 identifies normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable and clearly unacceptable noise levels
for various land uses. A conditionally acceptable designation implies new construction or development
should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements for each land use is
made and needed noise insulation features are incorporated in the design. By comparison, a normally
acceptable designation indicates that standard construction can occur with no special noise reduction
requirements.
City of San Bernardino Noise Standards
The General Plan is subject to the Noise Ordinance incorporated therein. The City of San Bernardino Noise
Ordinance (Section 19.20.030.15 of the Development Code) specifies the maximum acceptable levels of
noise for residential uses in the City. According to the Noise Ordinance, in residential areas, no exterior noise
level shall exceed 65dBA and no interior noise level shall exceed 45dBA.
Noise from the operation of construction equipment is governed under the local Municipal Code, Section
8.54. Section 8.44.020 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code prohibits the operation or use between
the hours often p.m. and seven a.m. of any pile driver, steam shovel, pneumatic hammers, derrick, steam or
electric hoist, power driven saw, or any other tool or apparatus, the use of which is attended by loud and
excessive noise, except with the approval of the Mayor and Common Council.
5.10.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Like all highly urbanized areas, the City of San Bernardino is subject to noise from a myriad of sources. The
major source of noise is from mobile sources and most specifically, traffic traveling through the City on its
various roadways and freeways. Aircraft over flights from the San Bernardino International Airport also
contribute to this noise. The southeastern portion of the City is located directly within the flight path of aircraft
approaching and departing the San Bernardino International Airport. Noise generated by aircraft generates
substantial noise within the area surrounding the airport. Noise generated by trains on the BNSF, Union
Pacific and Metrolink railroads also generates noise within the City. Freight and commuter rail-traffic pass
through the City and noise generated along these rail lines can be substantially higher than in areas that are
located away from the tracks. Noise from trains and their associated horns and whistles are a particular
concern to those residents that live along these railroad corridors.
~
The City also includes a variety of stationary noise sources. These are primarily associated with existing
industrial land uses.
On-Road Vehicles
Noise from motor vehicles is generated by engine vibrations, the interaction between tires and the road, and
the exhaust system. Reducing the average motor vehicle speed reduces the noise exposure of receptors
adjacent to the road. Each reduction of five miles per hour reduces noise by about 1.3 dBA.
In order to assess the potential for mobile-source noise impacts, it is necessary to determine the noise
currently generated by vehicles traveling through the project area. Average daily traffic (ADT) volumes were
based on the existing daily traffic volumes provided by Transtech Engineers. The results of this modeling
indicate that average noise levels along arterial segments currently range from approximately 61 dBA to
about 77 dBA CNEL as calculated at a distance of 50 feet from the centerline of the road. Freeways and
interstate routes would have noise levels that range from 74 dBA to 87 dBA CNEL at the edge of the
roadway. Noise levels for existing conditions along analyzed roadways are presented in Table 5.10-7.
General Plan Update and A.r.rociated Specific Plam EIR
City lifSan Bernardino - Page 5.10-9
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-7
Existing Traffic Noise Levels
(dBA CNEL)
~'""
Existing Year 2005
Distance to CNEL Contour
CNEL (Feet from Centerline)
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I 70
Segment ADT Volumes 50 Feet) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL)
4th Street
1-215 - Arrowhead
5th Street
1,208
61
58
27
12
Pepper - 1-215 24,250 76 560 260 121
1-215 - Waterman 28,290 76 621 288 134
Waterman - Victoria 11,200 72 335 155 72
Victoria - Palm 1,965 65 105 49 23
9th Street
Medical Center - 1-215 4,495 67 138 64 30
1-215 - Waterman 6,018 68 168 78 36
Waterman - Tippecanoe 4,539 67 139 65 30
Tippecanoe - Del Rosa 4,745 67 143 67 31
40th Street
Valencia - Waterman 8,910 71 251 117 54
Waterman - Sierra 18,879 72 310 144 67
Sierra - Mountain View 15,810 71 275 128 59
-
Baseline Street
SR-30 - Palm 6,940 69 185 86 40
Palm - Valencia 14,670 72 304 141 66
Valencia - 1-215 24,141 77 634 294 137
1-215 - Riverside 18,680 74 412 191 89
"...,
Highland Avenue
Riverside -1-215 26,028 73 383 178 83
1-215 - Victoria 15,150 71 267 124 58
Victoria - SR-30 18,930 72 310 144 67
SR-30 - E. City Limit 12,970 72 323 150 70
Hospllahly Lane
E Street - Hunts
Hunts - Waterman
Mill Street
25,820
25,750
73
73
381
381
177
177
82
82
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Tippecanoe - Waterman 13,040 71 281 131 61
Waterman - Mt. Vernon 16,179 71 279 130 60
Mt. Vernon - Bordwell 15,680 71 273 127 59
""'.
Redlands Boulevard
1-215 - Waterman
Rialto Avenue
14,554
72
303
141
65
Riverside - Rancho 12,250 70 232 108 50
Rancho -I Street 10,050 69 203 94 44
I Street - Sierra 8,410 68 181 84 39
Sierra - Tippecanoe 2,920 64 89 41 19
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Boulder Avenue
Atlantic -Pacific
10,910
72
329
153
71
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Page 5.10-10 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
Existing Year 2005
Oistance to CNEL Contour
CNEL (Feet from Centerline)
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I 70
Segment AOT Volumes 50 Feet) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL)
Tabfe 5.10-7
Existing Traffic Noise Levels
(dBA CNEL)
Del Rosa Drive
3rd Street - Paloma 6,040 67 145 67 31
Baseline - SR-30 8,110 68 176 82 38
SR-30 - Quail Canyon 4,070 66 129 60 28
E Street
1-10 - Fairway 18,134 73 351 163 76
Fairway - 9th Street 8,770 70 216 100 47
9th St - Kendall 17,740 73 345 160 74
Palm Avenue
Pacific - Highland 9,940 71 271 126 58
Pepper Avenue
1- 1 0 - Foothill 16,420 73 378 175 81
Rancho Avenue
1-10-Mill 10,566 70 245 113 53
Mill - Rialto 10,566 70 245 113 53
Rialto - Foothill 5,770 68 163 76 35
Sierra Way
~
Waterman - 40th Street 9,000 70 220 102 47
40th Street - 5th Street 7,000 68 160 74 34
5th Street - 2nd Street 9,336 69 194 90 42
2nd Street - Mill 3,385 64 98 46 21
Victoria Avenue
Lynwood - Baseline 7,720 69 198 92 43
Baseline - 3rd Street 6,380 68 175 81 38
Waterman Avenue
1-10- Highland 22,144 74 400 186 86
Highland - Sierra 18,480 75 468 217 101
Ffee;ways
Interstate 10
Jct. 1-215 to Waterman Ave 182,350 86 2752 1278 593
Waterman Ave to Tippecanoe Ave 149,470 85 2411 1119 519
Tippecanoe Ave to Mountain View 148,420 85 2399 1114 517
Interstate 215
Jct. 1-10 to Orange Show Rd 144,220 85 2354 1093 507
Orange Show Rd to Inland Center Drive 135,780 85 2261 1050 487
Jct. Route 66 to Baseline St 113,690 84 2009 932 433
Jct. Route 30 to University Parkway 55,790 81 1250 580 269
State Route 259
Junction Route 30 67,000 82 1,412 655 304
E Street 67,000 82 1,412 655 304
End Route 259 55,000 81 1,238 575 267
Genera! Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans fIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.10-] 1
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-7
Existing Traffic Noise Levels
(dBA CNEL)
Existing Year 2005
Distance to CNEL Contour
CNEL (Feet from Centerline)
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I 70
Segment ADT Volumes 50 Feet) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL) (dBA CNEL)
t'.."
State Route 30
Highland Ave to Jct. 1-215 15,260 75 527 244 113
Jct. 1-215 to H Street 31,580 78 855 397 184
H Street to Route 259 32,630 79 874 406 188
Route 259 to Waterman Ave 66,670 82 1407 653 303
Waterman Ave to Del Rosa Drive 66,670 82 1407 653 303
.'
"".
State Route 330
Junction Route 30
Running Springs Junction Route 18
11,500
12,400
74
74
436
459
202
213
94
99
Aircraft Noise
The San Bernardino International Airport is located in the southeastern portion of the City of San Bernardino.
Airport noise generated from large aircraft contributes to the noise environment within the City. Noise from
aircraft is produced from takeoff, flyovers/over flights, and approach/landings. Each of these events results in
noise exposure to populations living in close proximity to the airport. Since the SBIAA is in the process of
preparing the Airport Master Plan and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), the precise noise contours
were not available to include in the General Plan Update. Upon adoption of the Airport Master Plan and
CLUP, the new noise contours shall be incorporated into Figure LU-4 of the City of San Bernardino General
Plan, in accordance with Section 21676 of the Public Utilities Code.
In addition to aircraft noise from the San Bernardino International Airport, local helicopter air traffic is
commonplace throughout the City. News and other helicopters (e.g., freeway traffic report helicopters) fly
through the area. Helicopter use for fire and police and at hospitals is considered as an emergency activity
and is addressed by FAA regulations. The noise exposure generated by helicopter activity varies dependant
on flight path which is determined by wind direction. There are currently five heliports in San Bernardino
(National Orange Show, Red Dog Properties (private), San Bernardino Community Hospital, SCE Eastern
Division, and in the Tri-City area).
.:'~
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Railroad Noise
...~
The project area includes the presence of the freight and passenger trains along the Union Pacific railroad
(UPRR), Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSFRR) railroads and Metrolink railroads. The UPRR is rail line is
located along the 10 Freeway from Los Angeles till it reaches Colton from which it splits into the Palmdale
line which turns northward through the western portion of the City of San Bernardino and the Yuma line
which continues eastward. This rail line is utilized by both commuter (Metrolink) and freight trains. The total
number of trains along the UPRR is variable on any given day due freight train usage. The BNSFRR heads
east and southward from Los Angeles through Los Angeles and Riverside County where it heads northward
through the City of San Bernardino. The portion of the BNSF line that crosses through the City of San
Bernardino and heads north is called the Cajon Line. The San Bernardino Metrolink Line extends from San
Bernardino to Los Angeles Union Station. The Inland Empire Orange County (IEOC) Metrolink Line extends
from San Bernardino to San Juan Capistrano.
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Page 5.10-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
The number of freight trains using the UPRR and BNSF is dependant on the quantities and scheduling of
freight at the sea ports. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has published "The Los
Angeles-Inland Empire Railroad Main Line Advanced Planning Study" which provides estimates of train
volumes for the year 2000. Table 5.10-8 presents the past and projected train volumes.
Table 5.1 CJ..8
Daily Train Volume Estimates
Year 2000
Union Pacific Yuma Line 44
Union Pacific Palmdale Line 6.5
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Cajon Line 96
San Bemardino Metrolink Line 30
Inland Empire Orange County (IEOC) Metrolink Line 11
Source: Los Angeles-Inland Empire Railroad Main Line Advanced Planning Study.
Southern California Association of Governments
Railroad noise is dependant on numerous factors including the number of engines and railcars, the average
speed, the percentage of operations that take place at night, the type of rails and the presence of "at-grade"
crossings that require the engineer to sound a warning horn. An at-grade crossing raises the noise produced
by train activity substantially due to the sounding of the horn at 103 dBA as measured at 100 feet. Trains are
required to sound their horns beginning at 1 ,300 feet from an at-grade crossing. The use of railroad warning
signals is regulated at the Federal Railroad Administration and the City does not have authority to dictate
railroad policy in this matter.
~
Noise from these operations was modeled using the horn model distributed by the Federal Railroad Adminis-
tration. Modeling predicts that the 65 dBA Ldn noise contour falls at varying distances as shown in Table
5.10-9. These noise levels occur from 1,300 feet from the at-grade crossing. Noise levels with just the noise
generated by the train without the horn would result in lower noise levels as shown in Table 5.10-9.
General Plan Ujldate and AJJOciated Specific Flam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5./0-13
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-9
Train Noise Estimates
(Distance in feet to 65 dBA Ldn Contour)
Line / Condition I Year 2000
Union Pacific Yuma line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Union Pacific Palmdale line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Cajon line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
San Bernardino Metrolink Line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Inland Empire Orange County Metrolink line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Based on the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Horn Model.
.e.
859
618
408
279
1,135
829
745
532
"...
505
352
.'
5.10.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Planning area encompasses approximately 1,916 acres in a remote area within the
San Bernardino Mountains. A portion of the project site is currently developed with the Arrowhead Springs
Resort operated by Campus Crusade for Christ, International. The resort currently consists of approximately
34 buildings including a hotel, an auditorium, a chapel, dormitories, a pool and cabanas, residential
bungalows, office buildings, and maintenance buildings. However, only the office, maintenance, and select
bungalow buildings are currently utilized. The existing Arrowhead Springs area is characterized by the noise
environment associated with these stationary sources and through traffic on SR-18.
.......
Field Survey
The Planning Center conducted field monitoring on Tuesday, June 1,2005, in conjunction with the develop-
ment of the General Plan Update. Five separate noise level measurements were obtained to determine the
ambient noise levels of areas where the largest potential traffic noise impacts would occur due to the
proposed project. Noise monitoring locations were chosen based on the traffic distribution of the proposed
Arrowhead Springs development with construction of the proposed alignment that provides site
ingress/egress to 40th Street in San Bernardino. The noise monitoring locations are shown in Figure 5.10-1,
Noise Monitoring Locations. Additional details on the monitoring program are covered in Appendix D, Noise
Data. The results of the noise monitoring are presented in Table 5.10-10.
.
,."
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Page 5.10-14 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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Noise Monitoring Locations
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eio
[!;] Noise Monitoring Locations
D City Boundary
i-_-.-_-.-.-_: Sphere of Influence Boundary
NOT TO SCALE
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AIIociated Specific Plam EIR
The Planning Center . Figure 5.10-1
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.] 0-] 6 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-10
Noise Measurements Along Local Roadways
Monitoring Site Lmex Lea Lmia
Monitoring Site #1 80.7 64.2 38.1
Monitoring Site #2 86.3 72.7 61.7
Monitoring Site #3 81.1 68.1 40.0
Monitoring Site #4 79.7 67.7 41.2
Monitoring Site #5 91.2 72.6 57.4
Noise monitoring conducted on June 1,2005 during moming peak hours of 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.
Monitoring Site 1
Monitoring Site 2
Monitoring Site 3
Monitoring Site 4
The sound level meter was located on the eastern side of Harrison Street, south of
37th Street. Primary noise sources were from local traffic and school buses
traveling north-south on Harrison Street. Harrison Street is a two-lane roadway
approximately 30 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained during the
morning peak traffic period. The western side of the roadway is separated from the
percolation ponds by a 35 to 50 foot soil berm, which rises above houses on the
east side of the roadway. Only back yards front this portion of Harrison Street and
are separated from the roadway by an existing five- to six-foot block masonry wall,
although, some yards have wood or chain linked fences. The noise meter was
placed six feet from the block masonry wall directly adjacent to the roadway. There
were no sidewalks.
~
The sound level meter was located on 30th Street, east of Valencia and west of the
percolation ponds. Thirtieth Street is a 4-lane roadway with no median and
approximately 44 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained during the
morning peak traffic period. The primary noise source is traffic along 30th Street,
which includes a fair number of trucks. Secondary noise sources include SR-30,
which is located approximately 300 feet south. State Road 30 is located below the
grade of 30th Street. Housing in the neighborhood adjacent to 30th Street backs up
to the roadway. However, only a few houses had five-foot block masonry walls, with
the majority having wood fencing instead. The meter was placed three feet away
from the wood fence and two feet from the roadway. There were no sidewalks.
The sound level meter was located on 40th Street west of Harrison Street and east
of the proposed intersection with the new access road to the Arrowhead Springs
development (Village Parkway). Fortieth Street is a four-lane roadway with no
median and approximately 51 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained
during the morning peak traffic period. Primary noise source was traffic along 40th
Street. Currently, trucks arrive once every five minutes from the unimproved road-
way, which is proposed to be modified for the Arrowhead Springs development.
Trucks turn left (head east) on 40th Street then enter the percolation ponds to the
south, for soil disposal/haul. After disposal, trucks turn left on 40th and continue
west. It should be noted that this truck activity is an interim activity being conducted
by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District to remove of excess debris
from the percolation basins. Noise measurements were taken east of this truck
entrance. Noise meter was placed eight feet from the roadway.
The sound level meter was located on 40th Street east of the proposed roadway for
Arrowhead Springs and west of Waterman Canyon Road (SR-18). Fortieth Street is
Genera! Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.10-17
5. Environmental Analysis
a 4-lane roadway with no median at this location with street parking on the south
side of the road which is approximately 58 feet wide. The noise measurement was
obtained during the morning peak traffic period. Primary noise source was traffic on
40th Street. Houses that front 40th Street are separated from the roadway by a
landscaped sidewalk area. The noise meter was placed on the three-foot sidewalk,
approximately eight feet from the roadway.
Monitoring Site 5
The sound level meter was located on 30th Street, west of Waterman Canyon Road
(SR-18). Thirtieth Street is a four-lane roadway with no median and street parking is
available on the northern side of 30th Street which is approximately 50 feet wide.
The noise measurement was obtained during the moming peak traffic period. Noise
monitoring was conducted three-feet in front of the existing residential property on
30th Street, twocfeet from roadway, which faces the roadway with little obstruction
from roadway noise sources. Primary noise source was traffic on 30th Street,
although some ambient noise is generated by the SR-30, which is located below
grade of 30th Street. Traffic at this intersection is very busy due to the SR-30
entrance approximately 300 feet to the east. Traffic during the a. m. peak hour backs
up past Waterman Canyon Road and many trucks enter the highway at this
location.
."
.<
5.10.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on he
environment if the project would result in:
,",'
N-1
Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards estab-
lished in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other
agencies.
N-2
Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive ground borne vibration or
ground borne noise levels.
N-3
A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity
above levels existing without the project.
N-4
A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project
vicinity above levels existing without the project.
N-5
For a project located within an airport land use plan or where such a plan has not
been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose
people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels.
N-6
For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, expose people residing or
working the project area to excessive noise levels.
5.10.3 Environmentallmpacts
..
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
Page 5.10-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
-
5. Environmental Analysis
5.10.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The General Plan Update is a guidance document for future development within the City of San Bernardino.
The following is a discussion of the noise related impacts from full buildout potential of the San Bernardino
General Plan. This impact analysis occasionally identifies full buildout as occurring in 2030 for ease of
comparison, however no date for full buildout has been established.
GP IMPACT 5.10-1:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION WOULD RESULT IN LONG-TERM OPERATION-
RELA TED NOISE THA T WOULD EXCEED LOCAL STANDARDS. [THRESHOLDS
N-1, AND N-3]
Impact Analysis: Noise is regulated by numerous codes and ordinances across Federal, State, and local
agencies. In addition, the City regulates noise-generating activities through the Municipal Code.
Operational Impacts
On-Road Mobile-Source Noise Impacts on Proposed Land Uses
The operational phase of individual projects that constitute the entirety of the General Plan update may
generate noise from either stationary or vehicular sources.
Stationary Sources
Stationary sources of noises may occur from all types of land uses. Residential uses would generate noise
from landscaping, maintenance activities, and air conditioning systems. Commercial uses would generate
noise from heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, loading docks and other sources. Industrial
uses may generate HVAC systems, loading docks and possibly machinery. Noise generated by residential or
commercial uses are generally short and intermittent. Industrial uses may generate noise on a more
continual basis due to the nature of its activities.
~
The General Plan proposes nearly 106 million square-feet of new light and heavy industrial development. The
siting of new industrial land uses may increase noise levels in their proximity. This can be due to the
continual presence of heavy trucks used for the pick-up and delivery of goods and supplies; or from the use
of noisy equipment actually used in the manufacturing or machining process. While vehicle noise is exempt
from local regulation while operating on public roadways, for the purposes of the planning process, this
noise may be regulated as a stationary-source while operating on private property. Previous studies have
shown that heavy trucks produce a level of approximately 73 dBA Leq as measured at a distance of 50 feet
from the noisiest portion of the truck (Le., to the side with the engine exposed).' The use of multiple trucks
could generate noise levels on the order of 80 dBA Leq; again as measured at a distance of 50 feet. Process
equipment and the use of pneumatic tools could also generate elevated noise levels, but this equipment is
typically housed within the facilities and would not be expected to exceed the 80 dBA Leq projected for
exterior trucks.
If it is assumed that the 80 dBA Leq level were produced continually for a period of 8-hours during the day,
the calculated CNEL is 75 dBA as measured at a distance of 50 feet. The 65 dBA CNEL would fall at a
distance of 158 feet.
The General Plan has industrial uses located throughout the City. As mentioned previously, these industrial
land uses are located adjacent to residential and other noise sensitive uses. The City also through Municipal
Code Section 8.54.030 provides an exception to the noise regulations for noise generated in commercial or
industrially zoned areas. Potential areas of land use-noise conflict could occur at the borders along the noise
, The Planning Center. Consolidated Volume Transfer Station and Recycling Facility (eVT). Anaheim. February 8, 1996.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.10- 19
5. Environmental Analysis
sensitive uses. The impact could be significant if a new industrial source that emits excessive noise is
allowed along such a border area.
On-Road Mobile-Source Noise Impacts on Existing Land Uses
Potential impacts on existing land uses stem mainly from the addition of project-generated vehicles along
site access roads. Table 5.1 0 8 presents those routes with the potential for significant increase in noise due
to growth anticipated under the General Plan. The increase or decrease in noise along all routes is included
in Volume II, Appendix D, Noise Data. As expected, the greatest increases are expected in those areas
subject to increased land use intensity or increased connectivity with major arterials such as freeways. While
an increase of 3 or 5 dBA is potentially significant, it is only significant if it impacts sensitive land uses. The
land uses most sensitive to exterior noise are playgrounds/parks and residential uses. The 63 dBA CNEL is
the limit for playground and neighborhood park land uses which are considered conditionally acceptable
based on Table 5.10-5 Community Noise and Land Use Compatibility matrix. The 65 dBA CNEL is the limit
for residential land uses which are considered conditionally acceptable based on the City's Community
Noise and Land Use Compatibility matrix. Commercial and industrial areas are not considered to be noise
sensitive uses and have much higher tolerances for exterior noise levels.
..""-'
..
The analysis, as performed, is required under CEQA and essentially assumes that the project would be built
at one time and that the entirety of its traffic would be added to the existing volumes of traffic on the road. In
actuality, project development would occur over a period of many years and the increase in noise on an
annual basis would not be readily discernable because traffic and noise would increase incrementally.
However, the largest increases in noise due to the General Plan Update need to be identified and as such a
comparison of existing and future year 2030 build-out of the General Plan would be compared. As shown in
Table 5.1 0 11 , some of the roadways analyzed would experience noise levels in excess of the 3 dB threshold
for noise sensitive uses. These increases in noise levels would occur at existing noise sensitive land uses
and would exceed the City's land use compatibility standards for noise. The increase in traffic noise is due to
the large increases in traffic volumes projected to occur with the build-out of the General Plan. As such, traffic
generated noise attributable to the General Plan Update would result in significant noise impacts to existing
noise sensitive uses.
..
..
~~
Table 5.10-11
Build-out Traffic Volumes and Resultant Noise Levels Along Major Roadways
S b" t t P t "1/ S' Oft t Ch
tJ~
u'lec 0 o entia y lant Ican ange
Existing Year Future Year 2030 With Project Increase
Distance to CNfL Contour 50.0 Distance to CNfL Contour in Noise
CNEL (Feet Irom Centerline) CNfL (Feet from Centerline) Levels
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I (dBA @ 60 I 65 I (dBA
Segment ADT 50 Ft) 70 ADT 50 Ft) 70 CNfL)
...'<
4th Street
1-215 - Arrowhead
5th Street
I 1,208 I 61
58 I 27 I 12 I 24,633 I 74 I 430 I 200 I 93 I 13
.-
Pepper -1-215 24,250 76 560 260 121 19,238 75 480 223 103 -1
1-215 - Waterman 28,290 76 621 288 134 24,007 76 557 258 120 -1
Waterman - Victoria 11,200 72 335 155 72 17,878 74 457 212 99 2
Victoria - Palm 1,965 65 105 49 23 14,370 73 395 183 85 9
....,
9th Street
Medical Center -1-215 4,495 67 138 64 30 5,219 67 153 71 33 1
1-215 - Waterman 6,018 68 168 78 36 8,367 69 209 97 45 1
Waterman Tippecanoe 4,539 67 139 65 30 5,927 68 166 77 36 1
Tippecanoe - Del Rosa 4,745 67 143 67 31 5,712 68 162 75 35 1
O>V
Page 5.10-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
..
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-11
Build-out Traffic Volumes and Resultant Noise Levels Along Major Roadways
Subject to Potentially Significant Chanae
Existing Year Future Year 2030 With Project Increase
Distance to CNEL Contour 50.0 Distance to CNEL Contour in Noise
CNEL (Feet from Centerline) CNEL (Feet from Centerline) Levels
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I 70 (dBA @ 60 I 65 T (dBA
Segment ADT 50 Ft) ADT 50Ft) 70 CNfL)
40th Street
Valencia - Waterman 8,910 71 251 117 54 17,908 74 401 186 86 3
Waterman - Sierra 18,879 72 310 144 67 22,625 73 349 162 75 1
Sierra - Mountain View 15,810 71 275 128 59 31,279 74 433 201 93 3
Baseline Street
SR-30 - Palm 6,940 69 185 86 40 25,185 74 436 203 94 6
Palm - Valencia 14,670 72 304 141 66 34,286 75 536 249 115 4
Valencia -1-215 24,141 77 634 294 137 23,585 76 624 290 134 0
1-215 - Riverside 18,680 74 412 191 89 18,194 74 405 188 87 0
Highland Avenue
Riverside -1-215 26,028 73 383 178 83 8,447 68 181 84 39 -5
1-215 - Victoria 15,150 71 267 124 58 26,775 73 391 181 84 2
Victoria - SR-30 18,930 72 310 144 67 27,788 74 400 186 86 2
SR-30 - E. City Limit 12,970 72 323 150 70 23,666 75 482 224 104 3
Hospitality Lane
E Street - Hunts
Hunts - Waterman
Mill Street
-3
-1
~
Tippecanoe - Waterman 13,040 71 281 131 61 19,150 73 363 169 78 2
Waterman - Mt. Vernon 16,179 71 279 130 60 30,155 74 423 196 91 3
Mt Vernon - Bordwell 15,680 71 273 127 59 31,126 74 432 200 93 3
Redlands Boulevard
1-215 - Waterman
Riallo Avenue
114,5541 72 I 303 I 141 I 65 118,011 I 73 I 349 I 162 I 75 I
Riverside - Rancho 12,250 70 232 108 50 16,287 71 280 130 60 1
Rancho -I Street 10,050 69 203 94 44 16,970 71 288 134 62 2
I Street - Sierra 8,410 68 181 84 39 8,628 68 184 85 40 0
Sierra - Tippecanoe 2,920 64 89 41 19 7,688 68 170 79 37 4
Boulder Avenue
Atlantic -Pacific
Del Rosa Drive
110,910 I 72 I 329 I 153 I 71 114,853 I 74 I 404 I 188 I 87 I
3rd Street - Paloma 6,040 67 145 67 31 14,877 71 264 123 57 4
Baseline - SR-30 8,110 68 176 82 38 21,995 73 343 159 74 4
SR-30 - Quail Canyon 4,070 66 129 60 28 1,445 62 65 30 14 -4
E Street
1-10- Fairway 18,134 73 351 163 76 23,208 74 413 192 89 1
Fairway - 9th Street 8,770 70 216 100 47 18,814 73 359 167 77 3
9th St - Kendall 17,740 73 345 160 74 35,103 76 544 253 117 3
Palm Avenue
Pacific - Highland
Pepper Avenue
1-10 - Foothill
I 9,940 I 71
116,420 I 73
58 119,826 I 74
81 I 44,034 I 77
429
199
92
3
271
126
730
339
157
4
378
175
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.10-21
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-11
Build-out Traffic Volumes and Resultant Noise Levels Along Major Roadways
S b" P - /I S. fl C
u ,/ect to otentla y Igni ,cant hange
Existing Year Future Year 2030 With Project Increase
Distance to CNEL Contour 50.0 Distance to CNEL Contour in Noise
CNEL (Feet from Centerline) CNEL (Feet from Centerline) Levels
(dBA @ 60 I 65 I (dBA @ 60 I 65 I (dBA
Segment ADT 50 Ft) 70 ADT 50 Ft) 70 CNEL)
Rancho Avenue
1-10- Mill 10,566 70 245 113 53 21,870 73 397 184 86 3
MiII- Rialto 10,566 70 245 113 53 23,685 74 419 194 90 4
Rialto - Foothill 5,770 68 163 76 35 20,783 73 384 178 83 6
I.'.
Sierra Way
Waterman - 40th Street 9,000 70 220 102 47 37,828 76 572 266 123 6
40th Street - 5th Street 7,000 68 160 74 34 2,112 62 72 33 15 -5
5th Street - 2nd Street 9,336 69 194 90 42 5,505 67 136 63 29 -2
2nd Street - Mill 3,385 64 98 46 21 5,789 67 141 65 30 2
Victoria Avenue
Lynwood - Baseline
Baseline - 3rd Street
Waterman Avenue
1-10 - Highland
Highland - Sierra
Fr~~/liIJ,Y$
10 Freeway
1
o
..
Jet 1-215 to Waterman 182,350 86 2752 1278 593 286,000 88 3715 1725 800 2
Waterman to Tippecanoe 149,470 85 2411 1119 519 264,000 88 3522 1635 759 2
Tippecanoe to 148,420 85 2399 1114 517 264,000 88 3522 1635 759 3
Mountain View
Interstate 215
Jet 1-10 to Orange Show 144,220 85 2354 1093 507 220,000 87 3119 1448 672 2
Road
Orange Show Road to 135,780 85 2261 1050 487 220,000 87 3119 1448 672 2
Inland Center Drive
Jet Route 66 to Baseline 113,690 84 2009 932 433 242,000 87 3324 1543 716 3
Jet SR-30 to University
Parkway 55,790 81 1250 580 269 132,000 85 2219 1030 478 4
...
State Route 259
Junction SR-30 67,000 82 1,412 655 304 100,500 84 1,850 859 399 2
E Street 67,000 82 1,412 655 304 100,500 84 1,850 859 399 2
End Route 259 55,000 81 1,238 575 267 82,500 83 1,622 753 349 2
,",'
State Route 30
..
Highland to Jet. 1-215 15,260 75 527 244 113 154,000 85 2459 1141 530 10
Jet 1-215 to H Street 31,580 78 855 397 184 132,000 85 2219 1030 478 6
H Street to SR-259 32,630 79 874 406 188 132,000 85 2219 1030 478 6
Route 259 to Waterman 66,670 82 1407 653 303 176,000 86 2688 1248 579 4
Waterman to Del Rosa 66,670 82 1407 653 303 132,000 85 2219 1030 478 3
State Route 330
Junction SR-30 11,500 74 436 202 94 17,250 76 571 265 123 2
Running Springs 12,400 74 459 213 99 18,600 76 601 279 129 2
Junction SR-18
.-....
Page 5.10-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
...'
5. Environmental Analysis
On-Road Mobile-Source Noise Impacts on Proposed Land Uses
An impact could be significant if the project sites sensitive land uses in areas that do not meet the
environmental goals of the City for the area in which they are to be situated. The noise contours for existing
conditions and General Plan projected build-out conditions are presented in Table 5.10-12. As noted in the
prior discussion, for the purposes of this analysis, impacts on sensitive areas are considered significant if a
CNEL of 63 and 65 dBA are exceeded. These standards shall then serve as the basis of the impact analysis.
The General Plan presents the anticipated buildout vehicle-generated noise contours and proposed land use
designations. There are areas in the City where noise levels would potentially exceed the 63 and 65 dBA
CNEL noise contours for playground, park and residential areas. Furthermore, other sensitive land uses,
such as schools, churches, or recreational uses may be exposed to noise levels which exceed the 65 dBA
CNEL contours generated by on-road vehicles. This is especially true in those areas that lie near the
freeways. Any siting of sensitive land uses within these contours then represents a potentially significant
impact and would require a separate noise study through the development review process to determine the
level of impacts and required mitigation. The General Plan Noise Element does contain a number of policies,
to minimize potential noise impacts on sensitive land uses.
Railroad Noise Impacts
Noise generated by railroads is dependant on the quantity of trains utilizing the railroads that traverse the
City. The number of trains occurring in the future is predicted to increase substantially due to the increased
freight arriving at southern Californian seaports and the projected increases in the number of people using
commuter trains. This increased freight is due primarily to increases in the international trade of goods. As
such, the need for trains is projected to increase to transport these goods. The Southern California
Association of Governments (SCAG) has published "The Los Angeles-Inland Empire Railroad Main Line
Advanced Planning Study" which provides estimates of train volumes for existing and future conditions.
Table 5.10-12 below presents the projected train volumes.
~
Line Year 2000 Year 2010 Year 2025
Union Pacific Yuma Line 44 64 95
Union Pacific Palmdale Line 6.5 7.5 8.8
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Cajon Line 96 136 198
San Bernardino Metrolink Line 30 42 50
Inland Empire Orange County (IEOC) Metrolink Line 11 24 32
Table 5.10-12
Daily Train Volume Estimates
Source: The Los Angeles-Inland Empire Railroad Main Line Advanced Planning Study. Southern California Association of Governments
Noise from these operations was modeled using the horn model distributed by the Federal Railroad
Administration. Modeling predicts that the 65 dBA Ldn noise contour falls at varying distances as shown in
Table 5.1 0-13. These noise levels occur from 1 ,300 feet from the at-grade crossing. Noise levels with just the
noise generated by the train without the horn would result in lower noise levels as shown in Table 5.1 0-7. The
General Plan update may contribute to increasing train traffic incrementally due to the increased demand of
goods development of industrial uses and increases in persons using commuter trains. However, as
mentioned previously, the large increase in train traffic is primarily due to the increased demand for goods
produced internationally. The increases in train traffic would result in further exposing noise sensitive uses to
noise exposure and increase the level of noise experienced at noise sensitive uses. The General Plan update
may also result in the intensified use of noise sensitive uses near railroad tracks thereby exposing additional
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.10-23
5. Environmental Analysis
people to excessive amounts of noise. As such, significant noise impacts would occur due to noise sensitive
uses being exposed to greater levels of train noise.
~.;oil.
Table 5.10-13
Train Noise Estimates
(Distance in feet to 65 dBA Ldn Contour)
Line / Condition I Year 2000 I Year 2010
Union Pacific Yuma line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Union Pacitic Palmdale line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Cajon line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
San Bernardino Metrolink line
With Horn Sounding
Without Horn Sounding
Inland Empire Orange County Metrolink line
With Horn Sounding 505 685 763
Without Horn Sounding 352 486 545
Source: The Los Angeles-Inland Empire Railroad Main Line Advanced Planning Study. Southern California Association of
Governments
....
Year 2020
859
618
983
713
1131
826
.'
408
279
433
298
462
319
-
1,135
829
1,281
941
1,457
1,076
745
532
844
607
900
649
..
~'"
GP IMPACT 5.10-2:
BUILDOUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD CREATE
SHORT- TERM AND LONG- TERM GROUNDBORNE VlBRA TION AND GROUND-
BORNE NOISE. [THRESHOLD N-2]
~"
Impact Analysis: Buildout of the General Plan Update could potentially expose people to the impacts of
ground borne vibration or noise levels. Vibration related impacts could potentially result in impacts from the
generation of substantial levels of vibration from construction and industrial activities. Vibration impacts could
also occur by placing vibration sensitive uses proximate to railroads which are substantial sources of
vibration.
",,",,'.
8'
Construction Vibration Impacts
On-Road Mobile-Source Vibration Impacts
....1
Caltrans has studied the effects of propagation of vehicle vibration on sensitive land uses. Caltrans notes that
"heavy trucks, and quite frequently buses, generate the highest earth born vibrations of normal traffic."
Caltrans further notes that the highest traffic generated vibrations are along the freeways. Their study finds
that "vibrations measured on freeway shoulders (5 meters from the centerline of the nearest lane) have never
exceeded 0.08 inch per second (in/see), with the worst combinations of heavy trucks. This level coincides
with the maximum recommended "safe level" for ruins and ancient monuments (and historic buildings).
Because sensitive land uses are not and will not be sited within this distance, any potential for significant
vibration impacts is less than significant.
-
...
!IlIrr\'
Page 5.lO-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
...
5. Environmental Analysis
Railroad Vibration Impacts
Caltrans has studied the effects of propagation of train vibration on sensitive land uses and notes that train
vibration levels may be quite high, depending on the speeds, load, condition of track, and amount of ballast
used to support the track. Caltrans obtained measurement of train vibrations and using their highest
recorded value, prepared a "drop-off curve." The curve represents the maximum expected levels from trains,
and is considered by Caltrans to be "very conservative." The curve demonstrates that 0.08 in/sec level, the
maximum recommended "safe level" for ruins and ancient monuments and used here as a significance
threshold, occurs at a distance of 25 feet from the rails. The 0.2 in/sec level, at which there is a risk of archi-
tectural damage occurs at a distance of about 7.5 feet from the rails. Because sensitive land uses are not
and will not be sited within these distances, any potential for significant vibration impacts due to structural
damage is less than significant.
Vibration can also lead to annoyance due to windows, picture frames or other items rattling and in extreme
cases direct perception of vibration. The Federal Transit Administration has established screening distances
for vibration assessments. Table 5.1 0-14 shows the distances at which vibration induced annoyance would
not be expected to occur. Vibration generation and propagation is specific to the area analyzed because
factors such as geology, railroad track conditions, train suspension and train wheel conditions can all affect
vibration experienced at sensitive receivers. As such, site specific analyses would need to be conducted if
projects are located within these screening distances. The screening distance for residential uses is 200 feet
for railroads. Because there are vibration sensitive uses located within these distances, significant vibration
impacts may occur due to vibration induced annoyance.
Vibration Sensitive
Type of Project Uses Residential Uses Institutional Uses
Conventional Commuter Railroad 600 200 120
Bus Projects 100 50 NA
Table 5.10-14
Screening distances for Vibration fnduced Annoyance (feet)
~
Industrial Vibration Impacts
The use of heavy equipment (e.g., stamping tools) associated with industrial operations can create elevated
vibration levels in their immediate proximity. However, vibration generated by machinery is regulated under
the City's municipal code section 15.68.20. Compliance with this section would result in vibration levels that
are considered acceptable to the City. As such, no significant vibration impacts would occur from vibration
generated by industrial uses.
GP IMPACT 5.10-3:
CONSTRUCTION ACT/VITES ASSOCIATED WITH BUILDOUT OF THE SAN
BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD RESULT IN TEMPORARY NOISE
INCREASES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT. [THRESHOLD
N-4]
Impact Analysis: The City regulates noise-generating activities through the Municipal Code. Pursuant to
Section 8.54.020 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, construction activities are prohibited
between the hours of ten p.m. and seven a.m.
Short-term noise impacts are impacts associated with demolition, site preparation, grading and building
construction of the proposed land uses. Two types of short-term noise impacts could occur during construc-
tion. First, the transport of workers and movement of materials to and from the site could incrementally
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam fIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.10-25
5. Environmental Analysis
increase noise levels along local access roads. The second type of short-term noise impact is related to
noise generated at the job site during demolition, site preparation, grading, and/or physical construction.
Construction is performed in distinct steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment, and, consequently,
its own noise characteristics. However, despite the variety in the type and size of construction equipment,
similarities in the dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction-related noise ranges
to be categorized by work phase. Table 5.10-15 lists typical construction equipment noise levels
recommended for noise impact assessments as based on a distance of 50 feet between the equipment and
a noise receptor.
Composite construction noise is best characterized by Bolt, Beranek and Newman (EPA December 31,
1971). In their study, construction noise for commercial and industrial development is presented as 89 dBA
L"q when measured at a distance of 50 feet from the construction effort. Residential development is slightly
quieter with a composite noise level of about 88 dBA L"q, again when measured at a distance of 50 feet from
the construction effort. These values take into account both the number of pieces and spacing of the heavy
equipment used in the construction effort. In later phases during building assembly, noise levels are typically
reduced from these values and the physical structures further break up line-of-sight noise propagation.
...
Table 5.10-15
Noise Levels Generated by Typical Construction Equipment
Range of Sound Levels Suggested Sound Levels for
Type of Equipment Measured (dBA at 50 feet) Analysis (dBA at 50 feet)
Pile Drivers, 12,000 to 18,000 ft-Ib/blow 81 to 96 93
Rock Drills 83 to 99 96
Jack Hammers 75 to 85 82
Pneumatic Tools 78 to 88 85
Pumps 68 to 80 77
Dozers 85 to 90 88
Tractor 77 to 82 80
Front-End Loaders 86 to 90 88
Hydraulic Backhoe 81 to 90 86
Hydraulic Excavators 81 to 90 86
Graders 79 to 89 86
Air Compressors 76 to 86 86
Trucks 81 to 87 86
Source: Noise Control for Buildings and Manufacturing Plants," Bolt. Beranek and Newman, 1987.
Based on the 89 dBA Leq value, and assuming that construction were to occur for 8 hours a day, the CNEL is
calculated at 84 dBA at 50 feet (83 dBA CNEL for residential construction). The 65 dBA CNEL contour would
fall at a distance of about 446 feet (397 feet for residential construction). These impacts are considered less
than significant at the project level through the enforcement of the San Bernardino Municipal Code and in a
broader sense through the policies of the General Plan Noise Element.
GP IMPACT 5.10-4:
THE SAN BERNARDINO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IS LOCATED WITHIN THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO, RESULTING IN EXPOSURE OF FUTURE
RESIDENTS TO AIRPORT-RELATED NOISE. [THRESHOLDS N-5 AND N-6]
"'.
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino International Airport is located within the City of San Bernardino.
Airport Noise generated from large aircraft contribute to the noise environment within the City. Noise from
aircraft is produced from takeoff, flyovers/over flights, and approach/landings. Each of these events results in
noise exposure to populations living in close proximity to the airport. The San Bernardino International
Page 5.10-26 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Airport is operated under a Joint Powers Authority. Currently the SBIM is in the process of preparing the
Airport Master Plan and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). As a consequence, the precise noise
contours were not available to include in the General Plan Update. Upon adoption of the Airport Master Plan
and CLUP, the new noise contours shall be incorporated into Figure LU-4 of the City of San Bernardino
General Plan, in accordance with Section 21676 of the Public Utilities Code. In the interim, the City of San
Bernardino regulates noise from aircraft under the City's Municipal Code, which are based on noise contours
from the former Norton Air Force Base and the interim Airport Operating Plan. However, the noise contours
from the former Norton Air Force Base were based on military aircraft, and current operations as an
international airport may have different noise contours due to the type and frequency of commercial aircraft
anticipated at the San Bernardino International Airport. Prior to the inclusion of noise contours with the
Airport Master Plan and CLUP, no analysis of potential noise impacts from the operation of the Airport is
possible. As a result impacts are significant.
Furthermore, the existing land uses under the flight path, for the San Bernardino International Airport include
noise sensitive uses, including parkland and residential units. The City of San Bernardino considers both
residential and parkland as sensitive noise use in the City (See Figure N-1 of the San Bernardino General
Plan Update, Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Exposure). During the creation of the Airport Land
Use Plan by the SBIM, potential incompatibility with existing residential uses and the airport is required to be
addressed. However, the FM does not consider parkland to be a sensitive use (except for crash zones and
parks containing water) and therefore may not analyze the incompatibility between the existing parkland use
and the operations of the San Bernardino International Airport. As a result, there is an inherent incompatibility
with the parkland and operation of the San Bernardino International Airport, which may result in exposure of
visitors to noise levels that exceed noise compatibility standards established in the General Plan.
In addition to aircraft noise from the San Bernardino International Airport, local helicopter air traffic is
commonplace throughout the City. News and other helicopters (e.g., freeway traffic report helicopters) fly
through the area. Helicopter use for fire and police and at hospitals is considered as an emergency activity
and is addressed by FM regulations. The noise exposure generated by helicopter activity varies dependant
on flight path which is determined by wind direction. There are currently five heliports in San Bernardino
(National Orange Show, Red Dog Properties, San Bernardino Community Hospital, SCE Eastern Division,
and in the Tri-City area). Individual projects occurring as part of the General Plan would have to be analyzed
on a project specific basis.
~
General Plan Relevant Policies and Programs
The relevant General Plan goals and policies pertaining to noise include the following:
Land Use Element
Policy 2.9. 1: Require that all new development be consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Land Use
Plan for the San Bernardino International Airport and ensure that no structures or activities encroach upon or
adversely affect the use of navigable airspace.
Policy 2.9.2: Refer any adoption or amendment of this General Plan, specific plan, zoning ordinance, or
building regulation within the planning boundary of the adopted Comprehensive Airport Master Plan for the
SBIA to the airport authority as provided by the Airport Land Use Law.
Policy 2.9.3: Limit the type of development, population density, maximum site coverage, and height of
structures as specified in the applicable safety zones in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and
as shown on Figure LU-4.
Policy 2.9.4: Limit the development of sensitive land uses (e.g. residential, hospitals, schools) within the
65 decibel (dB) Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) contour, as shown on Figure LU-4.
General Plan UjJdate and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. PaKe 5.10-27
5. Environmental Analysis
Circulation Element
Policy 6.4.1: Work with Caltrans to ensure that construction of new facilities includes appropriate sound
walls or other mitigating noise barriers to reduce noise impacts on adjacent land uses.
Policy 6.4.8: Develop appropriate protection measures along mutes frequently used by trucks to minimize
noise impacts to sensitive land uses including but not limited to residences, hospitals, schools, parks,
daycare facilities, libraries, and similar uses.
ti""
Policy 6.5.1: Provide designated truck routes for use by commercial/industrial trucking that minimize
impacts on local traffic and neighborhoods.
,p"
Policy 6.7.3: Encourage the provision of a buffer between residential land uses and railway facilities and
encourage the construction of sound walls or other mitigating noise barriers between railway facilities and
adjacent land uses.
Noise Element
Policy 14.1.1: Minimize, reduce, or prohibit, as may be required, the new development of housing, health
care facilities, schools, libraries, religious facilities, and other noise sensitive uses in areas where existing or
future noise levels exceed an Ldn of 65 dB(A) exterior and an Ldn of 45 dB(A) interior if the noise cannot be
reduced to these levels.
.~
Policy 14.1.2: Require that automobile and truck access to commercial properties abutting residential
parcels be located at the maximum practical distance from the residential parcel.
..
Policy 14.1.3: Require that all parking for commercial uses abutting residential areas be enclosed within a
structure, buffered by walls, and/or limited hours of operation.
Policy 14.1.4: Prohibit the development of new or expansion of existing industrial, commercial, or other
uses that generate noise impacts on housing, schools, health care facilities or other sensitive uses above a
Ldn of 65 dB(A).
Policy 14.2.1: Work with Caltrans to landscape or install mitigation elements along freeways and highways
adjacent to existing residential subdivisions or noise-sensitive uses to reduce noise impacts.
Policy 14.2.2: Employ noise mitigation practices when designing future streets and highways, and when
improvements occur along existing road segments. Mitigation measures should emphasize the establish-
ment of natural buffers or setbacks between the arterial roadways and adjoining noise-sensitive areas.
(If'
l1/li'"
Policy 14.2.3: Require that development that increases the ambient noise level adjacent to noise-sensitive
land uses provide appropriate mitigation measures.
Policy 14.2.4: Maintain roadways so that the paving is in good condition and free of cracks, bumps, and
potholes.
...
Policy 14.2.5: Require sound walls, berms, and landscaping along existing and future highways and
railroad right-of-ways to beautify the landscape and reduce noise.
...
Policy 14.2.6: Buffer residential neighborhoods from noise caused by train operations and increasing high
traffic volumes along major arterials and freeways.
....<
Page 5.10-28. The Planning Center
july 2005
...
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 14.2.7: Require heliports/helistops to comply with Federal Aviation Administration standards.
Policy 14.2.8: Minimize noise attributable to vehicular travel in residential neighborhoods by inhibiting
through trips by the use of cul-de-sacs, one-way streets, and other traffic controls.
Policy 14.2.9: Enforce sections of the California Vehicle Code related to mufflers and modified exhaust
systems.
Policy 14.2.10: Provide for the development of alternate transportation modes such as bicycle paths and
pedestrian walkways to minimize the number of automobile trips.
Policy 14.2.11: Require that new equipment and vehicles purchased by the City comply with noise
performance standards consistent with the best available noise reduction technology.
Policy 14.2.12: Require that commercial and industrial uses implement transportation demand
management programs consistent with the Air Quality Management Plan that provide incentives for car
pooling, van pools, and the use of public transit to reduce traffic and associated noise levels in the City.
Policy 14.2.13: Work with local agencies and businesses to provide public transit services that reduce traffic
and associated noise.
Policy 14.2.14: Work with public transit agencies to ensure that the buses, vans, and other vehicles used do
not generate excessive noise levels.
Policy 14.2.15: Work with all railroad operators in the City to properly maintain lines and establish
operational restrictions during the early morning and late evening hours to reduce impacts in residential
areas and other noise sensitive areas.
~
Policy 14.2.16: Work with all railroad operators to install noise mitigation features where operations impact
existing adjacent residential or other noise-sensitive uses.
Policy 14.2.17: Ensure that new development is compatible with the noise compatibility criteria and noise
contours as defined in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and depicted in Figure LU-4.
Policy 14.2.18: Limit the development of sensitive land uses located within the 65 decibel (dB) Community
Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) contour, as defined in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and
depicted in Figure LU-4.
Policy 14.2.19: As may be necessary, require acoustical analysis and ensure the provision of effective noise
mitigation measures for sensitive land uses, especially residential uses, in areas significantly impacted by
noise.
Policy 14.3.1: Require that construction activities adjacent to residential units be limited as necessary to
prevent adverse noise impacts.
Policy 14.3.2: Require that construction activities employ feasible and practical techniques that minimize the
noise impacts on adjacent uses.
Policy 14.3.3: Adopt and enforce a standard for exterior noise levels for all commercial uses that prevents
adverse levels of discernible noise on adjoining residential properties.
Policy 14.3.4: Adopt and enforce a standard for exterior noise levels from the use of leaf blowers, motorized
lawn mowers, parking lot sweepers, or other high-noise equipment on commercial properties if their activity
will result in noise that adversely affects abutting residential parcels.
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.10-29
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 14.3.5: Require that the hours of truck deliveries to commercial properties abutting residential uses
be limited unless there is no feasible alternative or there are overriding transportation benefits by scheduling
deliveries at another hour.
f'I"'".
Policy 14.3.6: Ensure that buildings are constructed soundly to prevent adverse noise transmission
between differing uses located in the same structure and individual residences in multifamily buildings.
Policy 14.3.7: Require that commercial uses in structures containing residences on upper floors not be
noise intensive.
Policy 14.3.8: Require common walls and floors between commercial and residential uses be constructed
to minimize the transmission of noise and vibration.
"
5.10.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
.-
Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan includes development of 1 ,350 residential dwelling
units, 1,049,190 square-feet of commercial and office uses, 199-acre golf course, a new 300-room hotel,
expansion of the sewage treatment plant and conference center, and expansion of the existing historic
Arrowhead Springs Hotel. Much of the new development would be concentrated on approximately 556 acres
of the approximately 1,916 acre site. Buildout of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in
additional vehicle trips to and from the resort recreational areas, residential, commercial, and office uses. The
following is a discussion of the noise related impacts from buildout of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
..
_.
AHS IMPACT 5.10-1:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
RESUL TIN LONG- TERM OPERA TION-RELA TED NOISE THA T WOULD EXCEED
LOCAL STANDARDS. [THRESHOLDS N-1 AND N-3]
"'"
Impact Analysis: Potential noise impacts from stationary sources of noise and traffic generated noise are
evaluated in relation to changes in the noise environment as a result of additional project-related traffic. The
project seeks to develop a wastewater treatment plant, as well as residential, recreational, office and
commercial uses. The proposed wastewater treatment plant is the only potential generator of substantial
noise levels from stationary sources. The waste water treatment plant would employ numerous pumps and
other wastewater treatment machinery that would generate noise at a local level. The proposed location of
the wastewater treatment plant is located on the very south side of the project site. The nearest noise
sensitive uses are the proposed 300 units of senior residential uses and a golf course. Noise levels
generated from the wastewater treatment plant would depend on the treatment technology that is selected
and the configuration of the plant. Potential noise impacts from the plant may occur due to the proximity of
the plant to the proposed residential and golf course.
~,
...
...
To quantify incremental traffic noise impacts, noise levels from existing traffic data were determined and
compared to estimates of traffic noise generated by (1) future estimated traffic volumes without the proposed
project and (2) future estimated traffic volumes, including the proposed project. Project-generated and
cumulative traffic volumes were estimated using the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Traffic Noise
Prediction Model. The potential for exceedance of the City's noise criteria is based on those roads that have
the highest contribution of project traffic distribution and proximity to noise-sensitive receptors.
...
-.
The modeling of traffic noise levels is based on data pertaining to traffic volumes, traffic speeds and the
types of vehicles traveling on area roads. The modeling input was developed from the project traffic study,
the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model and field observations. Table 5.1 0-15 provides traffic noise
modeling for existing conditions, future year 2007 no project and with project conditions. Future year 2007
conditions include vehicle trips from related projects as detailed in the project's traffic study. Project related
traffic would increase noise levels by a maximum of 1.3 dB along Harrison Street for the opening year 2007.
""'"
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Page 5.10-30 . The Planning Center
July 2005
-
5. Environmental Analysis
Other roadways would experience lower increases in traffic noise due to the project because the other
roadways would have lower proportions of project related traffic versus background traffic.
Existing No Project With Project Project Cumulative
Year 2003 Year 2007 Year 2007 Increment1 Increment'
SR-18 nJo Waterman Avenue 75.6 76.0 77.2 +1.2 +1.6
Waterman Avenue SiD 40th Street 74.3 74.6 75.7 +1.1 +1.4
Waterman Avenue nJo 30th Street 73.4 73.8 74.7 +0.9 +1.2
40th Street elo Waterman Avenue 71.2 71.5 71.8 +0.3 +0.6
Harrison Street SiD 40th Street 58.9 59.3 60.6 +1.3 + 1.7
Sterling Avenue SiD Foothill Drive 62.0 62.3 63.2 +0.9 +1.2
Valencia Avenue SiD 40th Street 66.3 66.6 66.6 - +0.3
Valencia Avenue nJo 30th Street 66.5 66.9 66.9 - +0.3
Tabte 5.10-16
Modeled Traffic Noise for Opening Year
(dBA CNEL)
'The Project Increment is the difference between the Year 2007 No Project and With Project conditions. The cumulative increment is the difference
between the Year 2007 With Project condrtion and Year 2003 conditions.
Source: The Planning Center (June 2005).
In the year 2030, the maximum increase in noise levels due to the buildout of the project would be 68.6 dBA
CNEL along the new project roadway (Village Parkway) and 69.8 dBA CNEL along Harrison Parkway
between 40th and 30th Street shown in Table 5.10-17. Though the new project roadway would result in large
increases, the new roadway would not expose noise sensitive uses to noise because there are no noise
sensitive uses along the roadway. For Harrison Parkway, this roadway would expose residential uses (rear
yards) proximate to the roadway to substantial levels of noise. In addition, Sterling Avenue south of Foothill
Drive would experience a noise level increase of 3.5 dBA CNEL on a cumulative basis due to project and
background traffic growth from existing conditions to the year 2030. As such, significant project related traffic
noise impacts would occur as a result of operation of the proposed project.
~
Existing No Project With Project Project Cumulative
Year 2003 Year 2030 Year 2030 Increment1 Increment'
New Road - Project to 40th Street NA NA 73.3 +68.6 +68.6
Harrison Parkway - 40th to 30th Street NA NA 74.6 +69.8 +69.8
SR-18 n/o Waterman Avenue 75.6 76.6 76.8 +0.2 +1.2
Waterman Avenue SiD 40th Street 74.3 75.8 75.8 - +1.5
Waterman Avenue nlo 30th Street 73.4 74.0 74.0 - +0.6
40th Street elo Waterman Avenue 71.2 73.6 73.9 +0.3 +2.7
Sterling Avenue SiD Foothill Drive 62.0 63.5 65.5 +2.0 +3.5
Valencia Avenue SiD 40th Street 66.3 67.0 68.0 +1.0 +1.7
Valencia Avenue n/o 30th Street 66.5 67.2 68.1 +0.9 +1.6
Tabte 5.10-17
Modeled Traffic Noise for Future Year 2030
(dBA CNEL)
'The Project Increment is the difference between the Year 2030 No Project and With Project conditions. The cumulative increment is the difference
between the Year 2030 With Project condition and Year 2003 conditions.
Source: The Planning Center (June 2005).
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - P axe 5.10-3]
5. Environmental Analysis
AHS IMPACT 5.10-2:
IMPLEMENT A TlON OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN PROJECT
WOULD CREATE SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM GROUNDBORNE
VIBRATION AND GROUNDBORNE NOISE. [THRESHOLD N-2]
..,
.....
Impact Analysis: Construction activities can generate varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on
the construction procedures and the construction equipment. Operation of construction equipment
generates vibrations which spread through the ground and diminish in amplitude with distance from the
source. The effect on buildings located in the vicinity of the construction site often varies; depending on soil
type, ground strata and receptor building construction. The results from vibration can range from no
perceptible effects at the lowest vibration levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibrations at
moderate levels, and slight damage at the highest levels. Ground vibrations from construction activities rarely
reach the levels that can damage structures, but can achieve the audible and perceptible ranges in buildings
close to a construction site. Ground-borne vibration would be generated by the proposed project during
construction activities. Vibration generation would primarily occur during the demolition, grading and
foundation phases of construction. Unless there are extremely large generators of vibration such as pile
drivers or in close proximity of sources of vibration, vibration is generally perceptible at structures where
vibration would rattle windows, picture frames and other objects. Table 5.10-18 lists vibration source levels
for construction equipment as well as the vibration levels experienced at the nearest structures.
M:-"
~
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Table 5.10-18
Vibration Source Levels For Construction Equipment
Vibration Annoyarice ASsessment' '.
Velocity Level at 25 Significance Exceeds Significance
Equipment Feet (VdB) Threshold (VdB) Threshold?
Scraper (Large bulldozer) 87 72 No
Small bulldozer 58 72 No
Loaded trucks 86 72 No
""',
Stl'ucturalDamage Assessment
Approximate RMS
Velocity at25 Feet Signiticance Exceeds Significance
Equipment (in/see) Threshold (VdB) Threshold?
Scraper (Large bulldozer) 0.089 0.2 No
Small bulldozer 0.003 0.2 No
Loaded trucks 0.076 0.2 No
..
, Determined based on use of iackhammers or pneumatic hammers that may be used for pavement demolition at a distance
of 25 feet.
Notes: RMS velocity calculated from vibration level (VdB) using the reference of one microinchjsecond.
Source: The Planning Center, (October 2004) based on methodology from the United States Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration tmpact Assessment (1995).
<!IJlif
...
Based on procedures established by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Manual, Root Mean Square
(RMS) vibration velocities from construction equipment operations are expected to range from 0.003 to 0.089
in/sec (58 to 87 VdB) at a reference distance of 25 feet. Vibration sensitive uses in the specific plan area
consist of the historical spa and hotel uses in addition to the San Bernardino National Forrest. Because
detailed construction information is not currently available, a conservative approach was taken in which the
project could possibly entail construction equipment operating in close proximity to the above mentioned
vibration sensitive uses and result in levels of vibration that would exceed United States Department of
Transportation's (US DOT's) significance threshold for vibration annoyance of 72 VdB. This threshold is
established for potential human annoyance. Construction activities would potentially result in significant
adverse impacts from vibration induced human annoyance at the nearest vibration sensitive uses.
.
Page 5.10-32 . The Planning Center
Ju!y 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
The RMS velocity produced by construction activities would not exceed the USDOT's building damage
significance threshold of 0.20 in/sec for fragile structures. Therefore, construction activities would not result
in significant adverse vibration induced structural damage impacts at the nearest vibration sensitive uses.
AHS IMPACT 5.10-3:
CONSTRUCT/ON ACT/VITES ASSOCIA TED WITH THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS
SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD RESULT IN TEMPORARY NOISE INCREASES IN THE
VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT. [THRESHOLD N-4]
Impact Analysis: The City regulates noise-generating activities through the Municipal Code. Pursuant to
Section 8.54.020 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, construction is prohibited between the hours
of ten p.m. and seven a.m.
Short-term noise impacts are impacts associated with demolition, site preparation, grading and construction
of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project are similar to the General Plan and are discussed above in
General Plan Impact 5.1 0-1. Based on the 89 dBA L"q value and assuming that construction were to occur for
8 hours a day, the CNEL is calculated at 84 dBA at 50 feet (83 dBA CNEL for residential construction). The 65
dBA CNEL contour would fall at a distance of about 446 feet (397 feet for residential construction). The
nearest noise sensitive uses to development areas of the Arrowhead Springs area are the existing resort
uses and the San Bernardino National Forest. Other residential uses to the east of the southern boundary
would be more than 400 feet away from the nearest construction activities. Mitigation of these impacts to a
level that is less than significant would be conducted through the enforcement of the San Bernardino
Municipal Code and in a broader sense through the policies of the General Plan Noise Element.
AHS IMPACT 5.10-4:
THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA IS NOT LOCATED WITHIN
THE VICINITY OF AN AIRPORT OR AIRSTRIP THAT WOULD RESULT IN
EXPOSURE OF FUTURE RESDIENT, WORKERS, AND VISITORS TO AIRPORT-
RELATED NOISE. [THRESHOLDS N-5 AND N-6]
~
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is not located within the vicinity of a public or
private airport. The closest airport to the site is the San Bernardino International Airport located on the
southern side of the City while the Arrowhead Springs area is located in the mountains to the north. The
project site is anticipated to be outside of the 65 dBA CNEL noise contour of the Airport due to the large
distance between the Airport and the project site.
5.10.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
. The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 19, Section 19.20, Property Development
Standards requires the following development standards for noise:
o No loudspeaker, bells, gongs, buzzers, mechanical equipment or other sounds, attention-
attracting, or communication device associated with any use shall be discernible beyond
any boundary line of the parcel, except fire protection devices, burglar alarms and church
bells. The following provisions shall apply:
A. In residential areas, no exterior noise level shall exceed 65dBA and no interior noise
level shall exceed 45dBA.
B. All residential developments shall incorporate the following standards to mitigate noise
levels:
1. Increase the distance between the noise source and receiver.
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific PlanJ EI R
City o/San Bernardino. Page 5.10-33
5. Environmental Analysis
2. Locate land uses not sensitive to noise (Le., parking lots, garages, maintenance
facilities, utility areas, etc.) between the noise source and the receiver.
3. Bedrooms should be located on the side of the structure away from major
rights-of-way.
4. Quiet outdoor spaces may be provided next to a noisy right-of-way by creating
a U-shaped development which faces away from the right-of-way.
.~~I
'"'
C. The minimum acceptable surface weight for a noise barrier is 4 pounds per square foot
(equivalent to 3/4 inch plywood). The barrier shall be of a continuous material which is
resistant to sound including:
~'
1. Masonry block
.''l
2. Precast concrete
3. Earth berm or a combination of earth berm with block concrete.
-
D. Noise barriers shall interrupt the line-of-sight between noise source and receiver.
· The City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 8, Chapter 8.54, prohibits for any person to make,
continue, or cause to be made or continued any loud, unnecessary and excessive noise which
disturbs, offends, injures or endangers the peace, quiet, comfort, repose, health, or safety of any
neighborhood or persons within the limits of the City. Under Section 5.54.020 the operation or use
between the hours of ten p.m. and seven a.m. of any pile driver, steam shovel, pneumatic hammers,
derrick, steam or electric hoist, power driven saw, or any other tool or apparatus, the use of which is
attended by loud and excessive noise, except with the approval of the Mayor and Common Council
is prohibited.
~.,
...
jIiio'f>
· The Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 36, Noise Standards, regulates aircraft noise at airports
based on type of aircraft.
...
· Article 3.5 of the Public Utilities Code regulates land use compatibility of airports through
designation of a airport commission to ensure public health and safety:
o Section 21675.1 requires that if a commission has not yet adopted an airport land use
compatibility plan, the city shall first submit all actions, regulations, and permits within the
vicinity of a public airport to the commission for review and approval. "Vicinity" means land
that will be included or reasonably could be included within the airport land use compati-
bility plan. If the commission has not designated an airport influence area for the airport land
use compatibility plan, then "vicinity" means land within two miles of the boundary of a
public airport.
1lII!IItf
'IjlM.~,
-,
5.10.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5.10.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
....
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
"".
GP Impact 5.10-3
The 65 dBA CNEL contour would fall at a distance of about 446 feet (397 feet for
residential construction). Impacts are considered less than significant atthe project
....
Page 5.10-34 . The Planning Center
July 2005
..,
5. Environmental Analysis
level through the enforcement of the San Bernardino Municipal Code and in a
broader sense through the policies of the General Plan Noise Elernent.
GP Impact 5.10-1
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be significant:
GP Impact 5.10-2
GP Impact 5.10-4
Project implementation would result in long-term operation-related noise that would
exceed local standards that may have significant noise impacts related to noise
sources which include stationary, roadway, railroad and aircraft.
The project would create ground borne vibration and ground borne noise that may
result in significant vibration impacts from vibration intensive construction activities
and increased train travel along railroads.
The San Bernardino International Airport is located within the City. Although the City
would be required to amend the General Plan once the Airport Land Use Plan has
been adopted, currently no noise contours are available. In the interim, the City of
San Bernardino regulates land uses around the airport through the existing noise
ordinance based on noise contours from the former Norton Air Force Base.
However, noise incompatibility with the existing designation of parkland underneath
the existing flight path is anticipated to result in significant noise impacts on this
sensitive use.
5.10.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.10-3
AHS Impact 5.10-4
~
The 65 dBA CNEL contour would fall at a distance of about 446 feet (397 feet for
residential construction. Impacts are considered less than significant at the project
level through the enforcement of the San Bernardino Municipal Code and in a
broader sense through the policies of the General Plan Noise Element.
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is not within the vicinity of a private or a public
airport.
AHS Impact 5.10-1
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be significant:
AHS Impact 5.10-2
Project implementation would result in long-term operation-related noise that would
exceed local standards that may have significant noise impacts related to noise
generated at the proposed wastewater treatment plant and the construction of the
new Harrison Parkway roadway. Cumulative noise impacts would occur due project
and background traffic in the year 2030 at Sterling Avenue south of Foothill Drive.
The project would create groundborne vibration and ground borne noise that may
result in significant vibration impacts from vibration intensive construction activities.
Vibration intensive construction activities may temporarily lead to significant
vibration impacts if vibration sensitive receivers are located proximate to the
construction activities.
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.10-35
General Plan Update and A.r.rociated Specific Plans EIR
5.
Environmental Analysis
M"'
5.10.6 Mitigation Measures
f!IiIt"
5.10.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan
-
GP 5.10-1
Prior to the issuance of building permits for any project that involves a noise sensi-
tive use within the 65 dBA CNEL contour along major roadways or freeway,
railroads, or the San Bernardino International Airport, the project property owner/
developers shall submit a final acoustical report prepared to the satisfaction of the
Planning Director. The report shall show that the development will be sound-
attenuated against present and projected noise levels, including roadway, aircraft,
helicopter and railroad, to meet City interior and exterior noise standards.
-
-
GP 5.10-2
Adherence to Mitigation Measure GP 5.10-1 would result in exterior/interior noise
levels within the City noise standards, as a result, vibration created from noise levels
that exceed the City noise standards would also be mitigated.
....
GP 5.10-4
The City of San Bernardino shall incorporate into the General Plan the noise
contour map developed for the SBIAA after completion of the Airport Master Plan.
-
5.10.6.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.10-1A
A site specific acoustic study shall be conducted to analyze and mitigate noise
levels along the existing Harrison Street from 40th to 30th Street and submitted to
the Development Services Department with plans for road widening of Harrison
Street. This acoustic study shall specify the necessary mitigation to achieve exterior
noise level limits at residential uses proximate to the new Harrison Parkway.
Mitigation measures may include the use of berms or sound walls to attenuate
exterior noise levels.
-
\IIl'!!t-,
AHS 5.10-1 B
A site specific acoustic study shall be conducted to evaluate and, if necessary,
mitigate potential noise impacts from the proposed wastewater treatment plan on
the golf course and residences located proximate to the project site. The study shall
be submitted to the Development Services Department with building plans for
approval. Mitigation, if necessary, shall be in compliance with the City's exterior and
interior noise limits.
....
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AHS 5.1 0-2A
Prior to issuance of land disturbing permits for projects that would occur within
25 feet of sensitive uses, the project applicant shall submit a list of equipment to the
Development Services Department demonstrating compliance with USDOT
significance threshold for vibration annoyance of 72 VdB.
iIIJf'"
AHS 5.1 0-2B
Prior to issuance of land disturbing permits for projects that would occur within
25 feet of sensitive uses, the project applicant shall submit a list of equipment to the
Development Services Department demonstrating compliance with USDOT
significance threshold for vibration induced structural damage of 0.20 in/sec.
....'
IlIIf!'
~.
IM-"^
Page 5.10-36 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.10.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Although the mitigation measures listed above would reduce noise impacts, the following impacts would
remain significant:
. GP Impact 5.10-4
Until the Airport Master Plan has been adopted by the SBIM and corresponding noise contours
have been established the extent of impact to parkland near the airport cannot be determined.
Parkland is designated as a sensitive use in the General Plan and should the noise contour exceed
the limitations established by the General Plan no foreseeable mitigation could be accomplished if
the park were to remain in use. Under those circumstances the impact would be considered a
significant adverse and unavoidable impact.
. AHS Impact 5.10-1 and 5.10-2
Noise along Sterling Avenue south of Foothill Drive would lead to noise level increases of 3.5 dBA
CNEL which is not considered to be mitigable and would result in an unavoidable significant noise
impact. Vibration impacts would also remain significant and unavoidable from vibration intensive
construction activities.
~
General Plan Upd{lte and A.r.rociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.10-37
5. Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.10-38 . The Planning Center
""""
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.10-10
Noise Measurements Along Local Roadways
Monitoring Site Lmn. L Lmin
Monitoring Site # 1 80.7 64.2 38.1
Monitoring Site #2 86.3 72.7 61.7
Monitoring Site #3 81.1 68.1 40.0
Monitoring Site #4 79.7 67.7 41.2
Monitoring Site #5 91.2 72.6 57.4
Noise monitoring conducted on June 1, 2005 during moming peak hours of 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.
Monitoring Site 1
Monitoring Site 2
Monitoring Site 3
Monitoring Site 4
The sound level meter was located on the eastern side of Harrison Street, south of
37th Street. Primary noise sources were from local traffic and school buses
traveling north-south on Harrison Street. Harrison Street is a two-lane roadway
approximately 30 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained during the
morning peak traffic period. The western side of the roadway is separated from the
percolation ponds by a 35 to 50 foot soil berm, which rises above houses on the
east side of the roadway. Only back yards front this portion of Harrison Street and
are separated from the roadway by an existing five- to six-foot block masonry wall,
although, some yards have wood or chain linked fences. The noise meter was
placed six feet from the block masonry wall directly adjacent to the roadway. There
were no sidewalks.
~
The sound level meter was located on 30th Street, east of Valencia and west of the
percolation ponds. Thirtieth Street is a four-lane roadway with no median and
approximately 44 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained during the
morning peak traffic period. The primary noise source is traffic along 30th Street,
which includes a fair number of trucks. Secondary noise sources include SR-30,
which is located approximately 300 feet south. State Road 30 is located below the
grade of 30th Street. Housing in the neighborhood adjacent to 30th Street backs up
to the roadway. However, only a few houses had five-foot block masonry walls, with
the majority having wood fencing instead. The meter was placed three feet away
from the wood fence and two feet from the roadway. There were no sidewalks.
The sound level meter was located on 40th Street west of Harrison Street and east
of the proposed intersection with the new access road to the Arrowhead Springs
development (Village Parkway). Fortieth Street is a four-lane roadway with no
median and approximately 51 feet wide. The noise measurement was obtained
during the morning peak traffic period. Primary noise source was traffic along 40th
Street. Currently, trucks arrive once every five minutes from the unimproved road-
way, which is proposed to be modified for the Arrowhead Springs development.
Trucks turn left (head east) on 40th Street then enter the percolation ponds to the
south, for soil disposal/haul. After disposal, trucks turn left on 40th and continue
west. It should be noted that this truck activity is an interim activity being conducted
by the San Bernardino County Flood Control District to remove of excess debris
from the percolation basins. Noise measurements were taken east of this truck
entrance. Noise meter was placed eight feet from the roadway.
The sound level meter was located on 40th Street east of the proposed roadway for
Arrowhead Springs and west of Waterman Canyon Road (SR-18). Fortieth Street is
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.10- 17
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plans EIR
5. Environmental Analysis
...
a four-lane roadway with no median at this location with street parking on the south
side of the road which is approximately 58 feet wide. The noise measurement was
obtained during the morning peak traffic period. Primary noise source was traffic on
40th Street. Houses that front 40th Street are separated from the roadway by a
landscaped sidewalk area. The noise meter was placed on the three-foot sidewalk,
approximately eight feet from the roadway.
1JIji'
...
Monitoring Site 5
The sound level meter was located on 30th Street, west of Waterman Canyon Road
(SR-t8). Thirtieth Street is a four-lane roadway with no median and street parking is
available on the northern side of 30th Street which is approximately 50 feet wide.
The noise measurement was obtained during the morning peak traffic period. Noise
monitoring was conducted three-feet in front of the existing residential property on
30th Street, two-feet from roadway, which faces the roadway with little obstruction
from roadway noise sources. Primary noise source was traffic on 30th Street,
although some ambient noise is generated by the SR-30, which is located below
grade of 30th Street. Traffic at this intersection is very busy due to the SR-30
entrance approximately 300 feet to the east. Traffic during the a. m. peak hour backs
up past Waterman Canyon Road and many trucks enter the highway at this
location.
...
-
...
-
5.10.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on he
environment if the project would result in:
""i
N-1
Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards estab-
lished in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other
agencies.
N-2
Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive ground borne vibration or
ground borne noise levels.
....
N-3
A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity
above levels existing without the project.
N-4
A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project
vicinity above levels existing without the project.
Mlt'_'
N-5
For a project located within an airport land use plan or where such a plan has not
been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, expose
people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels.
_.
N-6
For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, expose people residing or
working the project area to excessive noise levels.
...
5.10.3 Environmentallmpacts
-
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
...
""'"
Page 5.10-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.11 POPULATION AND HOUSING
This section examines whether Project implementation will result in significant population and housing
impacts. This analysis focuses on population and housing impacts associated with the adoption and
implementation of the proposed General Plan and adoption and implementation of the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan, as these actions have the potential to either induce population growth (directly or indirectly) or
displace substantial numbers of persons.
Current website information and pertinent documents from the City of San Bernardino as well other
appropriate agencies was also used in preparation of this section. The analysis in this section is based, in
part, upon sources of information from the following agencies:
. Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
. San Bernardino Associated Governments (SAN BAG)
. City Housing Element
5.11.1 Environmental Setting
5.11.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The City's total planning area encompasses 45,231 acres, or 71 square miles. This includes 38,402 acres, or
60 square miles, of incorporated City and 6,829 acres, or 11 square miles, of unincorporated lands within the
City's Sphere of Influence.
U.S. Census
~
According to the U.S. Census, the incorporated City of San Bernardino had a population of 185,401' in 2000,
which accounted for approximately eleven percent (10.8 percent) of the County of San Bernardino's total
population. This represents a 13 percent increase over the City's population in 1990 but less than the City's
growth rate of 33 percent between 1980 and 1990. Likewise, the County of San Bernardino grew at a rate of
21 percent from 1990, which was a decrease from the 58 percent growth rate between 1980 and 1990. The
population of the City of San Bernardino is still growing, but at a significantly reduced rate of less than
1 percent or less since 1994. The City's population and growth rates are shown in Table 5.11-1.
Census information is only provided for a portion of the City's Sphere of Influence. According to the 2000
Census, Muscoy, an approximately 2,000 acre area west of 1-215 and north of SR-30, contained 2,299 units
and had a population of 8,919 in the year 2000.
SCAG Projections
According to SCAG, the City can anticipate a 15 percent increase in population by the year 2025. This
represents an increase of 27,003 persons in the City. The population projected within San Bernardino's
existing (2005) City limit is anticipated to constitute 8.3 percent of the population within the SAN BAG
subregion and 22 percent of the population within the County. The City is projected to accommodate 12.2
percent of the subregion's and 30 percent of the County's employment. Finally, SCAG projects that the City
will accommodate 8 percent of the subregion's and 20 percent of the County's household growth. Table
5.11-2 below provides the most current SCAG forecasts for the City, County, and SAN BAG Subregion:
1 It should be noted that this differs from SCAG's 2004 RTP Population, Housing, and Employment forecasts from
SAN BAG that states there were 185,772 persons in the year 2000. The Census base year figure was used in the analysis
for this EIR.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans fIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.] ] - ]
5.
Environmental Analysis
-
Table 5.11-1
Historic Population Growth Trends in San Bernardino
City County
Year Population Growth Rate* Population Growth Rate
1980 123,429 - 895,016 -
1990 164,164 33% 1,418,380 58%
1991 172,900 5% 1,464,775 3%
1992 176,400 2% 1,508,775 3%
1993 179,900 2% 1,539,800 2%
1994 180,700 0.4% 1,559,250 1%
1995 180,700 0% 1,572,650 0.9%
1996 181,400 0.3% 1,587,150 0.9%
1997 182,200 0.4% 1,605,000 1%
1998 183,600 0.7% 1,631,400 2%
1999 183,600 0.7% 1,631,400 2%
2000 185,401 13% 1,709,434 21%
Sources: 1990 & 2000 U.S. Census Bureau; California Department of Finance, Reports E.4 and E-5. *Growth
rates are for the ten-year periods 1980-90 and 1990-2000.
..
-
i!II/I!-
....
..
..
-
Table 5.11-2
Household, an
2010
2,059,420
618,782
770,877
1.25
April 2004 RTP Population,
2000 2005
SANBAGStibregion
Population
Household
Employment
Jobs-to-household Ratio
1,718,311
530,498
594,923
1.12
09ijHI~af:Js_a,n---,8et-n~r~ino
Population
Household
Employment
Jobs-to-household Ratio
758,054
244,476
337,247
1.38
d Employment Forecasts
2015 I 2020
,>. .'. ...
2,229,700 2,397,709
686,584 756,640
870,491 972.243
1.27 1.28
.
1,919,215
567,172
669,028
1.18
>
821,045
260,357
346,770
1.33
". .. .
865,149 897,295
275,352 289,318
381,680 403,000
1.39 1.39
929,181
303,596
424,470
1.40
Ci""'iJ:~"B!l(nar:Uino ..... '. ....
PopUlation 185,772 208,860 210,672
Household 56,341 60,211 62,290
Employment 81,115 110,056 120,965
Jobs-to-household Ratio 1.44 1.55 1. 70 1.83 1.94
Source: April 2004 RIP Population, Household, and Employment forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SANBAG subregion.
2025
.
2,558,729
826,669
1,074,861
1.30
-'"
....
.
960,025
317,831
445,193
1.40
....
.,
212,404
64,440
131,943
2.05
-
.....
Jobs/Household Balance
-
The General Plan will alter the relationship between jobs and households at the city, subregional, and county
levels. Jobs/household balance is one indicator of a project's effect on growth and quality of life in the
project area.
-
SCAG uses the jobs/household ratio to assess the relationship between housing and employment growth.
The jobs/household ratio is a general measure of the "balance" between the number of jobs and number of
households within a geographic area, without regard to economic constraints or individual preferences.
,.
Page 5.11-2 . The Planning Center
....
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Jobs/household goals and ratios are advisory only. No ideal jobs/household ratio is adopted in state,
regional or city policies. However, SCAG refers to communities with more than the average of 1.5 jobs per
household as "jobs-rich."
As can be seen on Table 5.11-2 above, the subregion and County are projected to be slightly housing rich in
2025. On the other hand, the City of San Bernardino is projected to be jobs rich in that same time period.
This difference makes sense given the concentration of employment within a City versus the spreading of
employment and residential uses over the entire County and subregion. The high level of jobs-to-households
reflects the fact that San Bernardino is and will continue to be a center for employment. The City currently
houses an international airport that will be coming on line in the near future, two major educational institu-
tions, and is the home of significant government offices (County of San Bernardino, County Court House,
Caltrans, Federal, etc.) and regional transportation facilities (railroads, airport, and freeways). There are
numerous related businesses that locate within the City to be near these uses. Build-out of the proposed
General Plan accounts for these existing uses and potential businesses.
Current and Future Housing Needs
The City of San Bernardino Housing Element, adopted in July 2003 (Mayor and Common Council Resolution
No. 2003-189) provides a thorough discussion as well as goals and policies to address issues of housing
affordability. Government Code Section 65863 restricts cities' ability to reduce the maximum allowable
density in area already designated or zoned for residential uses to a level below the density used by the
State of California Housing and Community Development Department (HCD) when determining whether a
city's housing element complied with state law. It is immaterial under the statute whether the reduction is
initiated by a city or by a member of the public. A city may not require nor permit the reduction of density of
any such residentially-designated parcel unless the city finds the proposed reduction in density is consistent
with the General Plan and that the remaining sites identified in the Housing Element are adequate to
accommodate the City's share of the regional housing needs.
~
If a city cannot make the second finding, it may still make the reduction in density if it determines there are
sufficient "additional, adequate, and available" sites with equal or greater residential capacity in the juris-
diction so that there is no net loss of residential unit capacity. In some instances, it may be necessary for the
city to "up-zone" some other area of the city in order to legally accomplish a down zoning (Government
Code Section 65863).
In the adopted Housing Element, the City estimated that a total of 3,782 new housing units would be needed
between 1998 and 2005. Of these, 1,148 units are to be affordable to very low income households, 676 to
lower income households, 734 to moderate income households, and 1,223 to upper income households.
5.11.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Approximately 368 acres of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently located in the incor-
porated City. The remaining 1,548 acres are located in unincorporated County of San Bernardino. There is
one unit within the incorporated portion and 10 units in the unincorporated portion of the Specific Plan. Ten
of these units are part of the hotel and were intended as temporary housing. A few units are used by main-
tenance staff as permanent housing. Currently, there are nine permanent residents that also work at
Arrowhead Springs. However, for purposes ofthis analysis, the maximum potential population was assumed.
Based on the Department of Finance, City/County Population and Housing Estimates (1/1/2004) average
household size of 3.340 persons per household, there could be approximately 37 people residing within the
Specific Plan area. Employment at Arrowhead Springs consists of maintenance and security staff and the
offices of the American Development Group. During the business week, there are twenty employees on-site.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.11-3
5.
Environmental Analysis
....
5.11.2 Thresholds of Significance
..
According to Appendix G of the CEOA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
-
P-1
Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by pro-
posing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of
roads or other infrastructure).
...
P-2
Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of
replacement housing elsewhere.
...
P-3
Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of
replacement housing elsewhere.
"w.
5.11.3 Environmentallmpacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
...
It is important to note the differences between build-out and the SCAG projections. General Plan build-out
refers to the ultimate development in the City and, since there is no schedule for when this development will
occur, is not linked to a timeline. In addition, the General Plan provides policy level guidance and does not
contain specific project proposals or population controls. On the other hand, the SCAG projections are
based upon annual increments. Since build-out of the General Plan is not linked to a timeframe, it is impos-
sible to make a direct comparison with the population, housing, and employment projections provided by
SCAG. It is also important to note that the SCAG 2004 RTP long-range regional growth projections consider
growth within San Bernardino's existing City limits through year 2025 and estimates specific to the Sphere of
Influence have not been made. However, for purposes of this CEOA analysis, the 20 year SCAG projections
are used for general comparison.
...,
."
,".,
It is also important to note that the build-out to the maximum levels permitted by the General Plan is not
anticipated to occur in the future. This is based on the fact that the City has historically experienced
development intensity that is considerably less than the maximums allowed in the General Plan. The
projected build-out growth in this General Plan is based upon these historic levels of development intensity
and not upon the maximums allowed in the General Plan.
...
"'
5.11.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
-
GP IMPACT 5.11-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD ALLOW FOR
SUBSTANTIAL POPULATION GROWTH THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF
ADDITIONAL HOUSING UNITS. [THRESHOLD P-l}
~
Impact Analysis: The San Bernardino General Plan Update plans for orderly population growth. One
purpose of the General Plan is to identify the locations, densities, and standards for the desired growth of the
City. Accordingly, the General Plan identifies areas for very low density (estates), low density, suburban and
urban levels of density, medium and medium high density, high density residential land uses, and mixed use
(residential and nonresidential). These residential uses would result in a direct population growth through
build-out of the prescribed land uses. In addition, the General Plan designates commercial and industrial
land uses such as office, neighborhood commercial, general commercial, regional commercial, light
industrial, industrial park, or heavy industrial, which could lead, indirectly, to population growth by providing
employment opportunities.
-
..
.'1
Page 5.] ] -4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
As mentioned, build-out to the maximum levels permitted by the General Plan is not anticipated to occur and
was not used as a basis for build-out projections. Assuming average build-out levels that are realistic for the
City of San Bernardin02, the General Plan accommodates a total of 95,664 total units, which includes 82,714
dwelling units in the incorporated City and 12,950 dwelling units in the City's sphere of influence. Based on a
factor of 3.340 persons per household3, the projected population at build-out for the entire planning area
would be approximately 319,241 people, which includes 276,264 persons in the City and 42,976 persons in
the City's sphere of influence. Assuming the vacancy factor of 11.3 percent from the 2000 Census, there
could be 84,854 households in the existing City limits at build-out.
Within the total planning area (incorporated plus sphere of influence), the proposed land use plan provides
for a total of 3,995 acres of commercial and office uses, including 257 acres of mixed use development
(accommodates a mix of commercial, office, and higher density residential development), and 6,065 acres of
light and general industrial uses. At build-out using the adjusted intensity factors (FARs), the land use plan
could generate approximately 355,629 jobs in the total planning area and 338,712 jobs in the existing
jurisdictional boundaries.
The build-out projections for population, households, and employment for the City are all greater than those
projected by SCAG to occur in the year 2025. Table 5.11-3 below summarizes the population, household,
and employment projections and build-out projections for the City.
Proposed General Plan Build-out
SCAG Projections for City of San Bernardino Projections
2000 2025 City Only City + Sphere
Population 185,772 212,404 276,264' 319,2W
Household 56,341 64,440 73,367' 84,854 '
Employment 81,115 131,943 338,712 355,629
Jobs-to-household Ratio 1.44 2.05 4.62 4.19
Table 5.11-3
Comparison of SCAG 2025 and General Plan Build-out Projections
~
Sources: April 2004 RTP Population. Household, and Employment forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SANBAG subregion.
1 Assuming a vacancy rate of 11.3% per the 2000 Census
2 Department of Finance (1/1/04), which utilized 3.340 persons per unit
In order to make a comparison of General Plan build-out to existing employment conditions, the 2000
employment figures from SCAG were used. As can be seen in Table 5.11-3 above, the number of jobs pro-
jected at build-out of the General Plan is significantly higher at build-out than was assumed by SCAG in the
year 2000. Part of this can be attributed to the closure of Norton Air Force Base closed in 1994 and the
resultant loss of thousands of jobs. The build-out of the General Plan assumes reuse of the airport. As can
also be seen in Table 5.11-3 above, the jobs-to-household ratio is substantially higher at build-out than is
projected by SCAG to occur in the year 2025. Again, this is not a direct comparison as build-out is not linked
to a timeline but represents ultimate development of the City. By achieving a very jobs-rich 4.19 jobs/
household ratio, the proposed General Plan benefits the overall County and subregional jobs/housing
2 The build-out assumptions in the General Plan are not based upon the maximum density and intensity levels for each land use
category, but on typical development levels found in the City. This accounts for variations in project design, site conditions, open
spaces, and access and parking requirements. Dwelling unit projections were estimated at 85 percent ofthe maximum density for each
land use designation. Building square footage for the non-residential land use designations were calculated at 60 percent for
commercial land uses and 70 percent for industrial land uses of the maximum FAR. These adjustments account for the fact that build-
out, on average, typically occurs at less than the maximum density.
3 Department of Finance, City/County Population and Housing Estimates (1/1/2004).
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.11-5
5.
Environmental Analysis
..,
balance. This reflects the desire to continue to be a center of employment and build upon the existing
concentration of government offices, higher educational institutions, and improve the airport and surrounding
area. Given that employees will not necessarily live and work within the same City, the concentration of jobs
in the City will help more workers in the area live and work within the County and subregion, which will help
address the slight imbalance at the county and subregional levels.
When compared to the proportion of population and households at the County and Subregional levels in
2025, the City build-out levels are slightly higher, as shown on Table 5.11-4. Given that build-out of the City is
not limited to 2025, this proportional increase is generally consistent with SCAG's projections. However, the
proportion of jobs-to-households projected at build-out of the City is significantly greater than those
projected by SCAG to occur in 2025. These jobs will help the County and Subregion address the slight
imbalance in the future.
....
-
"'
~
Table 5.11-4
Comparison of SCAG 2025 and City Build-out Proportions
City Build-out Projections
SCAG 2025 Projections (2005 City Boundaries)
City as % of City as % of City as % of City as % of
SANBAG Subregion County SANBAG Subregion County
Population 8.3% 22% 12% 33%
Households 8% 20% 10% 27%
Employment 12% 30% 33% 80%
-
m<'
...
It should also be noted that while statistically the employment figures for build-out of the General Plan
indicate that this large portion of jobs can be accommodated, it is not realistic to assume that they will
actually occur. However, given the types of employment resources existing and expected to continue to exist
in the City, it can be anticipated that the City will be jobs rich in the future.
....
Build-out in accordance with the City of San Bernardino General Plan would accommodate substantial
growth when compared to SCAG's 2025 population, household, and employment projections. As can be
seen on Table 5.11-4, the build-out projections for population, households, and employment are all greater
than projected by SCAG to occur in 2025. Since build-out of the General Plan is not linked to a timeframe, it
is impossible to make a direct comparison with the 2025 SCAG projections. However, as seen on Table
5.115.114, the proportion of population and households at build-out of the City is generally consistent with
SCAG's projections at the County and Subregional levels and the General Plan provides some additional
capacity for to accommodate growth beyond the year 2025.
SCAG projects the City to be jobs-rich in 2025; however, the build-out projections for the City indicate a
much greater proportion of employment and a much greater level of jobs-to-households. Considering it is
not a direct comparison, the build-out of the City provides additional capacity beyond the year 2025 to
accommodate additional employment. This will help the County and SANBAG Subregion address the
projected regional jobs deficiency. This will allow a greater number of residents in the region to live and work
in the City and surrounding areas.
.'
fIl!lI'(
...
-
.~
Page 5. I 1-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
lW
5. Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.11-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD RESULT IN
DISPLACING PEOPLE AND/OR HOUSING NECESSITATING THE
CONSTRUCTION OF REPLACEMENT HOUSING ELSEWHERE. [THRESHOLDS
P-2 AND P-3]
Impact Analysis: The General Plan land Use Element identifies two specific areas of the City where the
proposed land use designations are changed from residential to non-residential and would result in the dis-
placement of people and housing. In the first area, a 13.1 acre area west of 1-215 is currently developed with
and designated for residential uses (RS). In the proposed General Plan, this area is proposed to be changed
to job producing industrial uses (Il). In the second area, within the Eastern Recreation Village Strategic Area,
the proposed General Plan reflects an ongoing redevelopment project and non-residential land use
designation. The Arden-Guthrie area is currently designated as Public Commercial Recreation (PCR) in the
existing General Plan and Zoning Ordinance and is part of an existing redevelopment program to remove
units, relocate tenants, and develop commercial and commercially oriented recreational uses.
While no quantitative studies have been performed, the proposed General Plan continues existing General
Plan and Zoning designations that identify areas for non-residential uses where some existing and scattered
residential uses currently exist. For instance, within the existing industrial designations near Tippecanoe,
there are some scattered legal non-conforming residential uses. Likewise, there are a few legal non-con-
forming residences in commercial designated or industrial designated areas in other areas of the City, such
as along commercial corridors.
The General Plan and Zoning Code assume that these existing legal non-conforming uses will remain until
changes occur through voluntary means or through redevelopment efforts. In the meantime, improvements
and alterations to these uses are addressed in Section 19.62, Non-Conforming Structures and Uses, of the
City's Development Code.
~
The proposed General Plan Update provides for additional residential opportunities in areas that currently do
not allow residential uses. Through the Corridor Improvement Program, the General Plan allows the infusion
of residential uses to reduce the length of strip commercial and concentrate commercial uses at major inter-
sections. As a result, the General Plan will not result in the displacement of a substantial number of people or
existing homes.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The purpose of a general plan is to plan for and accommodate increases in population, housing and employ-
ment. The goals and policies of a general plan are intended to reduce the impacts of this growth and
accommodate balanced and manage growth with adequate housing, infrastructure, services, and systems.
The General Plan provides the benchmark for which to plan for infrastructure and services; however, the
circulation and infrastructure systems, recreational facilities and programs, and safety and civic services will
be required to accommodate the increase in population, housing, and employment as necessitated by the
level of growth at the time it occurs. For instance, as described in the Circulation Element, the planned
roadway systems have been sized and located to accommodate the anticipated levels of population and
employment at build-out of the land Use Plan. As individual projects occur, the street system will be
developed according to the contribution of each project.
In addition to the General Plan land Use designations, the following are examples of relevant policies in the
proposed General Plan Update that balance population/housing growth with the provision of adequate
services and infrastructure:
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.11-7
5.
Environmental Analysis
'0'"
Land Use Element
...
Policy 2.1.1: Actively enforce development standards, design guidelines, and policies to preserve and
enhance the character of San Bernardino's neighborhoods. (LU-1)
Policy 2.2.1: Ensure compatibility between land uses and quality design through adherence to the
standards and regulations in the Development Code and policies and guidelines in the Community Design
Element.
-,
...
Policy 2.4.1: Quality infill development shall be accorded a high priority in the commitment of City resources
and available funding.
...
Policy 2.4.2: Continue to provide special incentives and improvement programs to revitalize deteriorated
housing stock, residential neighborhoods, major business corridors, and employment centers.
-
Policy 2.4.3: Where necessary to stimulate the desired mix and intensity of development. land use flexibility
and customized site development standards shall be achieved through various master-planning devices
such as specific plans, planned development zoning, and creative site planning.
...
Policy 2.6.2: Balance the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with the need for new development
through site plan review and enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Policy 2.7.5: Require that development be contingent upon the ability of public infrastructure to provide
sufficient capacity to accommodate its demands and mitigate its impacts.
-
The projected build-out population. housing. and employment growth would occur throughout the City as
described on the Land Use Map. Since most of the City is already developed, the projected growth would
occur in scattered undeveloped or underutilized properties throughout the City and its Sphere of Influence.
The following General Plan policies emphasize infill development and revitalization of underutilized parcels
within the City, ensuring quality development. and the enhancement/preservation of neighborhood character
and resources:
.
....
Housing Element
..
Policy 3.1.1: Accommodate the production of new housing units on currently vacant or underutilized land at
densities and standards designated in the Land Use Element of the General Plan.
..
Policy 3.1.4: Accommodate residential development in areas of the Central City designated for mixed
commercial and residential use in accordance with policies in the Land Use Element.
-
Policy3.3.1: In compliance with state law (Government Code Section 65915), provide density bonuses
and/or regulatory and financial incentives to developers who propose to include a specified percentage
of very low-income, low-income, and/or senior housing in new development projects or as part of the
conversion of rental apartments to condominiums.
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Community Design Element
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Policy 5.3.6: Provide for streetscape improvements, landscape and/or signage that uniquely identify
architecturally or historically significant residential neighborhoods. (CD-3)
Policy 5.5.1: Require new and in-fill development to be of compatible scale and massing as existing
development yet allow the flexibility to accommodate unique architecture, colors, and materials in individual
projects.
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Page 5.11-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Programs
. Corridor Improvement Program, which is an optional package of policy, regulatory, and incentive
programs that, if applied, are intended to stimulate private investment and result in desired develop-
ment within the Corridor Strategic Areas. This is accomplished by providing optional incentives, in
the form of density bonuses and varied development standards, to developments that qualify.
. Promote downtown revitalization by seeking and facilitating mixed-use projects (e.g., combinations
of residential, commercial, and office uses).
. Accommodate residential units above the first floor of commercial structures provided that: a) The
impacts of noise, odor, and other characteristics of commercial activity can be adequately mitigated;
and b) A healthy, safe, and well-designed living environment with a complement of amenities can
be achieved for the residential units.
As indicated by the above policies, the General Plan encourages infill and revitalization of both vacant and
underutilized sites. Infill development on vacant sites would not displace residents and/or businesses;
however, revitalization of underutilized sites could displace residents and businesses over time. Neverthe-
less, the displacement impact would not be significant because it would provide for new housing at these
locations, together with complementary commercial uses. In other portions of the Planning Area, the General
Plan proposes a mix of residential and non-residential uses on sites currently underutilized with exclusively
non-residential uses.
5.11.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.11-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD RESULT ~
IN SUBSTANTIAL POPULATION GROWTH THOUGH THE CONSTRUCTION OF UU
ADDITIONAL HOUSING UNITS. [THRESHOLD P-1]
Impact Analysis: The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan addresses the orderly population growth within
1,916 acres partially within and outside of the City's jurisdictional boundaries. The Specific Plan identifies
areas for low density, medium density, and mixed use (residential and nonresidential). These residential uses
would result in a direct population growth through build-out of the prescribed land uses. In addition, the
Specific Plan designates commercial uses that allow hotel, entertainment, office, health clubs, restaurants,
and a golf course, which could lead, indirectly, to population growth by providing employment opportunities.
At build-out, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan could accommodate 1,350 residential units. Based on a
factor of 3.340 persons per household and an adjustment for senior units" the projected population at build-
out for the Specific Plan would be approximately 4,233 people. This would account for 1.3 percent of the
population and 1.4 percent of the housing units at build-out of the City's total planning area. While there is no
standard for comparison, the proportions of population and housing resulting from build-out of Arrowhead
Springs are not in themselves significant.
Arrowhead Springs provides new housing opportunities and a range of housing products that do not
currently exist and can accommodate workers. The 1,350 new residential units would provide housing
opportunities for multiple segments of the housing market, from executive homes to multi-family units.
Arrowhead Springs accommodates 36 custom estates, 34 "urban" flats in Village Walk, 266 condominiums
and townhomes adjacent to Village Walk, 150 upscale senior units, 150 non-age restricted attached units,
429 golf course condominiums, and 285 townhomes and condominiums.
4ln the Senior Village (RM-SV), it is assumed that 150 units will be restricted to seniors (1.5 persons per unit) and
150 units will not be age restricted (3.340 persons per unit)
General Plan Update and AfJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.11-9
5.
Environmental Analysis
I;'
This mixture is vastly different that what exists in the City. The 2000 Decennial Census found that the housing
stock in the City was 58.8 percent single-family, 4.3 percent single-family attached, 29.8 percent multi-family,
6.9 percent mobile homes, and 0.2 percent other types of units (boats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc). On
the other hand, single-family homes in Arrowhead Springs account for 2.7 percent of the total units while
multi-family units account for 97.3 percent of the units. The multi-family units typically provide a more
affordable housing option that can be used by on-site workers and residents of San Bernardino.
The Specific Plan also accommodates the development of 1,044,646 square feet of non-residential uses,
which includes 235,996 square feet of existing and 808,650 square feet of new commercial uses. At build-
out, the land use plan for the total planning area could generate approximately 2,530 jobs. Based upon the
2000 Census, the City of San Bernardino has an 11.3 percent housing vacancy rate. However, due to the
unique nature and mixture of product in Arrowhead Springs, a 5 percent vacancy rate has been assumed for
the Specific Plan. Given the 5 percent vacancy rate, Arrowhead Springs may realize 1,283 households.
At build-out, Arrowhead Springs would have a jobs-to-household factor of 1.97. This reflects the concen-
tration of employment in the specific plan for the hotel, health club and spa, and commercial uses. As shown
on Table 5.11-3 above, SCAG projections indicate that the City as a whole will be jobs-rich in 2025 (2.05
jobs-to-household ratio) and the build-out projections for the proposed General Plan show a greater level of
jobs-to-households (4.67 jobs-to-household ratio). Since, the Specific Plan improves the overall jobs-to-
households imbalance at the City level and helps reduce the region-wide households to jobs imbalance, no
significant impacts are anticipated.
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The recent court decision in Napa Citizens for Honest Government v. Napa County Board of Supervisors,
91 Cal. App. 4th 342 (2001), confirms the importance of addressing jobs/housing location relationships as
part of the environmental review process. The proposed project addresses both housing needs of proposed
workers and the City's ability to provide for their housing needs. Arrowhead Springs would locate homes
near job opportunities, thus addressing local and regional policies aimed at matching housing and job
opportunities and reducing vehicle trips and associated congestion/emissions.
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AHS IMPACT 5.11-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
DISPLACE 11 HOUSING UNITS (THRESHOLDS P-2 AND P-3)
JI)It!
Impact Analysis: There are 11 units existing within the Specific Plan. Ten of these units are part of the hotel
and were intended as temporary housing. Currently, however, there are nine permanent residents and their
families using a few of these units, all of whom work on-site. Assuming a worst-case scenario, there could be
approximately 37 people residing within the Specific Plan area that could be displaced.
~.
However, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan could accommodate 1,350 new residential units,
approximately 4,233 people, and approximately 2,530 jobs. Arrowhead Springs provides new housing
opportunities and a range of housing products that do not currently exist in the City and could accommodate
the population displaced. The housing mixture at Arrowhead Springs is 2.7 percent single-family and 97.3
percent multi-family units. Due to the high percentage of multi-family units, Arrowhead Springs is consistent
with the City Housing Element's ongoing effort to boost housing production to meet its fair share of regional
housing needs, as required by state law.
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5.11.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
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5.11.4.1 San Bernardino General Plan
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· The City shall maintain its Housing Element in compliance with relevant State Law.
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July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.11.4.2 Arrowhead Springs
There are no existing regulations or standard conditions relating to population and housing.
5.11.5 Level of Significance before Mitigation
5.11.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
GP Impact 5.11 -1 :
Without mitigation the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.11-2:
SCAG projects the City to be jobs-rich in 2025; however, the build-out projections
for the City indicate a much greater proportion of employment and a much greater
level of jobs-to-households. Considering it is not a direct comparison, the build-out
of the City provides additional capacity beyond the year 2025 to accommodate
additional employment. This will help the County and SANBAG Subregion address
the projected regional jobs deficiency. This will allow a greater number of residents
in the region to live and work in the City and surrounding areas, and improve the
jobs/housing balance of the SAN BAG Subregion consistent with the goals and
policies contained in SCAG's Regional Comprehensive Plan & Guide. Therefore,
potential population and housing impacts are considered substantial, but not
adverse.
Less than significant. Although the General Plan Update redesignates some
residential land for non-residential uses, the lost units can be accommodated in
other areas of the City. The proposed General Plan Update provides for additional
residential opportunities in areas that currently do not allow residential uses.
Through the Corridor Improvement Program, the General Plan allows the infusion of
residential uses to reduce the length of strip commercial and concentrate commer-
cial uses at major intersections. As a result, the General Plan will not result in the
displacement of a substantial number of people or existing homes.
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5.11.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS Impact 5.11-1
Without mitigation the following impacts would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.11-2
Since the Specific Plan improves the overall jobs-to-households imbalance at the
City level and helps reduce the region-wide households to jobs imbalance, no
significant impacts are anticipated.
As mentioned above, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan could accommodate
1,350 new residential units, approximately 4,233 people, and approximately 2,530
jobs. Arrowhead Springs provides new housing opportunities and a range of
housing products that do not currently exist in the City. As a result, the loss of
11 units is not considered significant.
5.11.6 Mitigation Measures
5.11.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.11-11
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5.11.6.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
5.11.7 Level of Significance after Mitigation
No mitigation measures are necessary.
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Page 5.11-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.12 PUBLIC SERVICES
This section addresses public services including: Fire Protection and Emergency Services, Police Protection,
School Services, and Library Services. Park Services are addressed in Section 5.14, Recreation. Public and
private utilities and service systems, including water, wastewater, and solid waste services and systems; are
addressed in Section 5.15. Information was provided by service questionnaires (found in Appendix E,
Volume II) and the following technical document:
. Arrowhead Springs Annexation Study: Plan for Service, City of San Bernardino, Stanley R. Hoffman
Associates, June 8, 2005.
5.12.1 Fire Protection and Emergency Services
5.12.1.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino is serviced by San Bernardino City Fire Department SBCFD). The San Bernardino
City Fire Department serves a resident population of over 180,300 and covers a diverse service area of 60
square miles. In the service area there are approximately 19 miles of wildland interface area, a major rail
yard, an international airport, the County Seat, a correctional facility, two major mall complexes, and two
major interstate freeways.
Water Pressure System
The water pressure system that supplies emergency water for fire services is comprised of three separate,
interconnected systems: a lower, an intermediate, and an upper system. These are a combination of gravity
and booster pump systems that transport water up elevation differences in order to maintain adequate water
pressure. Water is obtained from 35 wells using 35 turbine pumps and released into the system using 44
booster pumps and 422 miles of water mains. Twenty one strategically placed reservoirs, having a total water
storage of about 75 million gallons, are in use and there is a total production capability of about 71 million
gallons per day. The San Bernardino City Fire Department presently has in excess of 3,000 fire hydrants in
the City.
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Facilities and Staffing
The San Bernardino City Fire Department staffs twelve fire engine companies and two aerial truck companies
housed in twelve stations in the City. Table 5.12-1 lists fire stations that serve the City and contract areas. In
addition to stations within the City's fire department, all fire departments in the State are signatory to a master
mutual aid agreement. This agreement was established to provide assistance for major incidents. The
agreement states in part that "political subdivisions will reasonably exhaust local resources before calling for
outside assistance." In addition to a master mutual aid agreement, the City of San Bernardino Fire
Department has a joint response agreements between the neighboring cities of Rialto, Colton, and Loma
Linda, where units in the these cities respond in the event of a multi-unit fire.' Stations that would respond in
the case of a major incident are also listed in Table 5.12-1. The Fire Department also contracts with the
County of San Bernardino to provide service for portions of the County.
, Phone conversation with Chief Allan Simpson, SBFD. February, 2004
General Plan Update and Arsociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5. 12-1
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.12-1
San Bernardino City Fire Department Fire Stations
Station Location Equipment Personnel
Fire Station #221 200 E. 3m Street Medic Engine 3
Aerial Ladder Truck 4
Battalion Command Vehicle 1
Air/Light Truck (staff as needed)
Fire Station #~2 1201 W. 9th Street Medic Engine 4
Fire Station #223 2121 N. Medical Center Dr. Medic Engine 4
Brush Engine (staff as needed)
Fire Station #224 2641 N. "En Street Medic Engine 3
Aerial Ladder Truck 4
Battalion Command Vehicle 1
Fire Station #225 1640 W. Kendall Drive Medic Engine 3
Brush Engine (staff as needed)
Fire Station #226 1920 N. Del Rosa Avenue Medic Engine 4
Fire Station #227 282 W. 40th Street Medic Engine 4
Fire Station #228 3398 E. Highland Avenue Medic Engine 3
Brush Engine (staff as needed)
Fire Station #229 202 N. Meridian Avenue Medic Engine 3
Fire Station #230 502 S. Arrowhead Avenue Medic Engine 4
Brush Engine (staff as needed)
Heavy Rescue Unit (staff as needed)
Fire Station #231 450 Vanderbilt Way Medic Engine 3
HazMat Unit (staff as needed)
Fire Station #232 6053 North Palm Avenue Medic Engine 4
Brush Engine (staff as needed)
Fire Station #233 165 Lealand Norton Way 2 each:
SBD Airport . 1500 Gallon ARFF Units (staff as needed)
. Quick Attack Unit (staff as needed)
M~"jiiQQIPQit$prol1i~ed' by I'!IlIf@tAidAgreemsl1t . I
San Manuel FS #241 26540 Indian Service Road Medic Engine 4
Medic Quint 4
Battalion Command Unit 1
USDA FS #36 2586 Hillview Road Brush Engine 5 seasonal
County FS #75 2156 W. Darby Street (Mus coy) Engine 3
County FS #2 1511 Devore Road (Devore) Engine 3
Notes:
Medic Engines are staffed with one Captain. Engineers. Paramedic Firefighter and, in some cases, an additional Firefighter.
Ladder Trucks are staffed with on Captain. Engineer. and 2 Firefighters.
Battalion Command Vehicles are staffed with on Battalion Chief.
Other assigned apparatus are staffed by on duty personnel on an as needed basis.
List does not include 5 reserve engines and 1 reserve truck.
Source: San Bernardino City Fire Department, 2004.
The current "On-Duty" strength per shift, total number of personnel available to respond to emergencies
including two battalion Chief Officers, for the San Bernardino City Fire Department is 51, divided among the
twelve stations. The department also currently has all personnel trained to the level of Emergency Medical
Technician at a minimum. The department also staffs a minimum of one Advanced Life Support paramedic
on each engine company Fire related emergencies are answered by a minimum of four firefighters.
Structural fires are answered by a minimum of 17 firefighters The average work week is a 56-hour week.
Page 5.] 2-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Response time for a unit varies and depends on the location of the response site; however, the City's
adopted response time standard is five minutes or less 90 percent of the emergency calls for service This
time is measured from when the responding unit goes en route to the call, to when it arrives on the scene of
an emergency. From within the planning area, if an engine is at the closest fire station (station 227 located at
282 West 40th Street), the response time would be 8 to 12 minutes for a unit to respond from the closest fire
station. With the exception of Fire Station #233, all fire stations are manned continuously. The San
Bernardino International Airport Fire Station #233, consists of active personnel at designated times during
the week. The station is equipped to respond to calls at the airport or to provide special services when
needed by full-time personnel from other stations during off hours.
In addition, the City Council has approved a plan to relocate four of the existing fire stations within the City
Limits so that fire responses by units can achieve the adopted level of five minutes or less 90 percent of the
time. This project will occur as funding is identified and allocated by the Mayor and Common Council.
Services
Besides fire protection services. the San Bernardino City Fire Department also provides Fire/Arson
Investigation Unit, Hazardous Materials Team and Disaster Preparedness Services. The Investigations Unit
has 10 personnel staff consisting of a Senior Investigator and nine other personnel certified as Investigators.
The unit is assigned to Fire Station #222 and all of its members hold Peace Officer status. Members of this
unit participate on a volunteer basis with 100 hours of on-scene training. The Hazardous Materials Response
Team handles hazardous materials leakage, emissions, discharge. dumps, spills, etc., within the planning
area boundaries. Station #231 is designated to answer calls associated with handling of hazardous
materials. The Disaster Preparedness Office. created by the City's Municipal Code, Chapter 2.46, is a division
of the Fire Department. Under the direction of the Fire Chief, a major activity of the Disaster Preparedness
Office is the development and approval of integrated emergency response plans for the City of San
Bernardino.
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Hazardous Fire Areas
San Bernardino City Fire Department is a member of the Inland Empire Fuels and Management Alliance. This
is nine-member alliance developed to identify specific projects pertaining to vegetation management and
wild land fuel reduction within San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Each member participates in such
projects as to prevent and minimize fire threats in and around their respective communities
As the foothill areas adjacent to the San Bernardino Mountains are considered hazardous fire areas, the City
of San Bernardino has created a Foothill Fire Zone Overlay District. Within this District, the City identifies
three foothill fire zones that have different degrees of hazard based on slope, type of fuel present, and natural
barriers. The foothill fire zones are: A~Extreme Hazard, B-High Hazard, and C-Moderate Hazard. Fire Zone A
includes areas with slopes of 30 percent or greater, Fire Zone B includes area with slopes between 15 to 30
percent and, Fire Zone C includes those areas with slopes of 0 to 15 percent.
Insurance Classification
The Insurance Service Office (ISO) Grading Schedule is a means of classifying cities with reference to their
fire defenses and physical conditions. The insurance classification developed under this schedule is only one
of several elements used in development of fire insurance rates. The ISO rating for the planning area is
Class 3. The ISO rating is on a scale from 1 to 10, with Class 1 being the best. In most insurance rates, the
fire insurance costs are the same for single-family residential structures in the 2-4 rating. Commercial,
industrial, and multiple residential insurance costs can be substantially affected by ISO ratings.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.12-3
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Arrowhead Springs
.".
Only a portion of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located within the City limits of San Bernardino.
While the southwestern tip of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is currently serviced by the San
Bernardino City Fire Department, details of which are described above, the majority ofthe existing developed
area currently lies outside the service boundary for the Fire Department. These areas of the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan, designated as Community Service Area (CSA) 38, are serviced by the San Bernardino
County Fire Department. Because the closest San Bernardino City Fire department resources are located
significantly farther away than the closest County Fire Department resources, the County Fire Department
and the San Bernardino City Fire Department have established an automatic aid agreement for this area The
agreement calls for the San Bernardino City Fire Department to be the first responding agency to these
areas The Count Fire Department will then send additional units to the area, and take over the operations
when they arrive. In addition, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is considered a hazardous fire area,
evidenced by the 2002 fire which affected a large portion of the planning area.
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Upon implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, the Arrowhead Springs area would be incor-
porated into the City in its entirety and the Foothill Fire Zone Overlay District would be amended to include
the area. Upon annexation, the City's Fire Department would provide fire services to the Arrowhead Springs
area. The closest existing fire station to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is Fire Station #227,
located 3.4 rniles from the Arrowhead Springs area.
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5.12.1.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project would:
"'"
FP-1
Result in a substantial adverse physical impact associated with the provisions of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental
facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for
fire protection services.
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5.12.1.3 Environmentallmpacts
San Bernardino General Plan
~-
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
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GP IMPACT 5.12-1:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD INTRODUCE
NEW STRUCTURES, RESIDENTS, AND WORKERS WITHIN THE CITY OF SAN
BERNARDINO FIRE DEPARTMENT SERVICE BOUNDARIES, THEREBY
INCREASING THE REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES AND
PERSONNEL. [THRESHOLD FP-1]
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Impact Analysis: Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increase in residents and
workers in the City and Sphere of Influence (SOl) areas, which may result in an increased demand for fire
protection services, resulting in the need for additional fire protection facilities and personnel. According to
the San Bernardino Fire Department, the current fire service system is stressed due to a high number of
emergency responses in the County Contract areas and, if appropriate action is not taken, city residents will
experience a reduced level of service within the City Limits for a much greater cost than those individuals
receiving service in the County Contract areas If additional fire and emergency medical services facilities and
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Page 5.12-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
personnel are not added to accommodate the increase service demand brought about by the development
of the project area, a similar pattern of overstressed resources and decreased levels of service to the overall
community would evolve.
General Plan Relevant Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to fire protection include:
Public Facilities and Services Element
Policy 7.2.1: Assure that adequate facilities and fire service personnel are maintained by periodically
evaluating population growth, response time, and fire hazards in the City.
Policy 7.2.2: Assess the effects of increases in development density and related traffic congestion on the
provision of adequate facilities and services ensuring that new development will maintain fire protection
services of acceptable levels.
Policy 7.2.3: Establish a program whereby new development projects are assessed a pro rata fee to pay for
additional fire service protection to that development.
Policy 7.2.4: Coordinate inter-agency fire service protection agreements with County U.S. Forest Service,
and other fire protection agencies.
Policy 7.2.5: Maintain an "ISO" fire rating of at least Class 3.
Policy 7.2.6: Require that all buildings subject to City jurisdiction adhere to fire safety codes.
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Policy 7.2.7: Develop and implement a comprehensive high-rise fire safety program.
Policy 7.2.8: Promote public education regarding fire safety to address issues such as storage of flammable
material and other fire hazards.
Policy 7.2.9: Continue uniform reporting of all fire emergency data including type and cause of fire alarm
response time and damage/injury data.
Safety Element
Policy 10.11.1: Continue to conduct long-range fire safety planning efforts to minimize urban and wildland
fires, including enforcement of stringent building, fire, subdivision and other Municipal Code standards,
improved infrastructure, and mutual aid agreements with other public agencies and the private sector.
Policy 10.11.2: Work with the U.S. Forest Service and private landowners to ensure that buildings are
constructed, sites are developed, and vegetation and natural areas are managed to minimize wildfire risks in
the foothill areas of the City.
Policy 10.11.3: Require that development in the High Fire Hazard Area, as designated on the Fire Hazards
Areas Map (Figure S-8) be subject to the provisions of the Hillside Management Overlay District (HMOD) and
the Foothill Fire Zones Overlay.
Policy 10.11.4: Study the potential acquisition of private lands for establishment of greenbelt buffers
adjacent to existing development, where such buffers cannot be created by new subdivision.
Policy 10.11.5: Continue to require that all new construction and the replacement of 50 percent or greater of
the roofs of existing structures use fire retardant materials.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans fIR
City a/San Bernardino - Page 5.12-5
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.12-1:
INCORPORA TlON OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA AND
SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT WOULD INTRODUCE NEW STRUCTURES,
RESIDENTS, AND WORKERS WITHIN THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO FIRE
DEPARTMENT SERVICE BOUNDARIES, THEREBY INCREASING THE
REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL.
{THRESHOLD FP-1]
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Impact Analysis: Currently the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is within the service boundary of the
San Bernardino County Fire Department, CSA 38. With incorporation of this area into the City limits,
protection of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would be transferred to the jurisdiction of the San
Bernardino City Fire Department. Although there is a mutual fire aid agreement between these two agencies,
currently the San Bernardino City Fire Department has not deterrnined future fire services demand, however
an increase in services in the fire prone Arrowhead Springs planning area is likely. Furthermore, the closest
station to the Arrowhead Springs Area is located 3.4 miles away. At this distance the Department's response
time to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would be 8 to 12 minutes, which exceeds the San
Bernardino City Fire Department desired response time of 5 minutes on 90 percent of all emergency calls for
service In addition, the San Bernardino City Fire Department has determined that a high number of
emergency responses in County contract areas could result in reduced level of service within the City limits.
Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would therefore increase the need for fire protection
facilities and personnel to cover the Specific Plan area.
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5.12.1.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
Existing regulations and standard conditions apply to both the San Bernardino General Plan Update and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
· Fire Zones A and B within the Foothill Fire Zone Overlay District shall be determined by the slope
analysis, submitted with the project application if located in the Foothills Fire Zone Overlay District.
(Section 19.15.020 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
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· A fee will be charged for permits, plan checks and/or inspections for construction or work which
requires Fire Department approval. The amount of the fee shall be based on the City of San
Bernardino Fire Department Schedule of Fees for Residential and Commercial Construction.
(Section 15.16.070 of the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
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· A fee will be charged for all permits required in Section 105.8 of the California Fire Code. Charges
shall be established by Resolution of the Mayor and Common Council. FINDINGS: A, B, C, D, E, and
F (Ord. MC-1 048, 5-17-99; Ord. MC-984; 11-4-96). (Section 15.16.090 of the City of San Bernardino
Municipal Code)
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· All newly constructed buildings, structures, or appurtenances outside the Foothill Fire Zones are
subject to the Building Safety Enhancement Area Building Standards (Section 15.11.040 of the City
of San Bernardino Municipal Code)
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Page 5.12-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.12.1.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
General Plan Update
Upon implementation of relevant General Plan policies and programs, regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the impact to fire services would be less than significant.
GP Impact 5.12.-1
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increased demand
for fire protection services, resulting in the need for addition fire protection facilities
and personnel in a stressed service system area. The City may request funding and
or provision of facilities from individual new developments to provide fire protection
services if needed for that development however the City's revenue sources and
budgetary process would assure that sufficient funding is available when necessary
to provide the appropriate fire services and facilities as growth occurs
Arrowhead Springs
Without mitigation, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project-related impacts to fire protection and
emergency services would be significant.
AHS Impact 5.12-1
Incorporation and build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would
expand the service boundary for the San Bernardino City Fire Department in an
area that has a high number of emergency response calls and high fire danger
thereby reducing the level of service for the remainder of the City and resulting in an
increased need for addition fire protection facilities and personnel.
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5.12.1.6 Mitigation Measures
San Bernardino General Plan
No significant impacts were identified for the General Plan Update and no mitigation measures are required.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.12-1 Prior to approval of any tract map or development application, the project applicant
shall enter into a secured fire protection agreement with the City of San Bernardino
to provide necessary fire fighting facilities, personnel, equipment for fire, and emer-
gency services delivery, either through construction of fire facilities, funding or a
combination of both. The Agreement shall also address the phasing of required fire
facilities.
5.12.1.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with fire protection and
emergency services to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse
impacts relating to fire protection and emergency services have been identified.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 12-7
5. Environmental Analysis
tI'..,
5.12.2 Police Protection
5.12.2.1 Environmental Setting
,.,.,
San Bernardino
Law enforcement and crime prevention services are provided by the San Bernardino Police Department.
Police services provided include patrol, investigations, traffic enforcement, School Resource Officer,
forensics, and community service offices. The San Bernardino Police Department is authorized to employ
approximately 312 sworn officers, and a support staff of approximately 159, including about 150 police
officers assigned to the Patrol Division, and approximately 10 volunteers. Currently the San Bernardino
Police Department employs one police chief, one assistant police chief, three captains, 11 lieutenants, 42
sergeants, 46 detectives, 197 police officers, 20 community service officers I, and 20 community service
officers II.
,....,
...
The San Bernardino City Police Department consists of three divisions: Patrol, Investigations, and Services
Each division includes specialized unit (s) comprised of a variety of trained personnel and services.
...
Patrol Division
The Patrol Division is the largest division in the department, and under the command of the Patrol Division
Commander Captain, coordinates operations of the District Command offices, Watch Commander's Office,
Front Desk, and Traffic Bureau Patrol officers operate daily from the Main Police Headquarters, assigned to
four operational shifts coordinated through the Watch Commander The Main Police Headquarters patrol an
area of about 60 square miles, which includes a mix of industrial, commercial, planned unit developments,
high-density and rural, unimproved, land. The Patrol Division is divided into five geographic District
Command community based offices, located as follows:
· Western District Office: located at 1574 West Baseline Street, Suite 103;
· Northern District Office: located at 941 Kendall Drive;
· Eastern District Office: located at 1535 E. Highland Avenue, Suite C;
· Central District Office: located at 334 West Baseline Street; and
· Southern District Office: located at 204 Inland Center Mall.
IH.'
Each District Command office is lead by a lieutenant district commander and staffed with an operations
sergeant, one problem solving officer, one investigative liaison office, one Patrol Coordinator officer, one
crime prevention specialist and one police service assistant. Each District Command office is divided into
smaller beats, which have a patrol officers assigned 24-hours a day, seven days a week Ultimately the Patrol
Division, under the District Commands, will field 21 beats on shifts 1,3, and 4 These officers are responsible
for identifying and responding to beat crime patterns. The District Command Boundaries and beats are
established by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to; call for service volume, type of call, man-
hours spent per call, political boundaries, community group locations, and geographic landmarks to
establish a City wide balance of service As crime and calls for service change over time, the District beat
boundaries and staffing assignments are evaluated to maintain a balance of service across the City Staffing
for the department is not based on a particular ratio of "officer per thousand" but is determined to provide the
ability to conduct proactive community oriented policing and problem solving.
"'"
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Investigations Division
The Investigations Division is under the command of the Investigations Division Captain and consists offive
units: Specialized Crimes, Special Enforcement Bureau, District Crimes, Identification Bureau/Property Unit,
and Crime Analysis.
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Page 5.12-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
. The Specialized Crimes Unit investigates rapes, sexual batteries, domestic violence, crimes against
children, missing persons, abductions (parental and stranger), fraud, forgery, felony and/or
misdemeanor weapons offenses, and crimes against persons.
. The Special Enforcement Bureau consists of the Homicide Unit, Narcotics, and the Multiple
Enforcement Team (MET) The Homicide Unit investigates homicides, attempted homicides, death
investigations, officer involved shootings, and some felony assaults The Narcotics Unit conducts
narcotics and vice investigations The MET unit conducts street gang investigations and serves as
the Department's Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team.
. The District Crimes Unit investigates all property crimes This includes, but is not limited to; robbery,
burglary, grand theft auto, extortion, pawnshops, malicious mischief, grand theft, and petty theft
. The Identification Bureau provides 24-hour a day, seven days a week, forensic evidence processing.
. Property manages evidence and property recovered by officers.
. Crime Analysis provides statistical data in support of patrol officers and investigations personnel.
Services Division
The Services Division is under the command of the Services Division Captain and consists of four units: the
Records Bureau, Finance Unit, Personal and Training Unit, and the City Jail
. The Records Bureau provides copies of police reports, report crime statistics, and offers
fingerprinting, permits, licenses, and registration services.
~
. The Personnel and Training Unit coordinates the hiring and the training of law enforcement trainees,
police officers, reserve police officers, dispatchers, volunteers, and Citizens Patrol individuals.
. The Finance Unit coordinates all the department expenditures and budget accounts.
. The Jail Unit provides booking and temporary custody facilities for persons arrested by officers
Staffing of the jail is set by contract with a private security firm.
Volunteer, Training and Other Programs
The San Bernardino Police Department also offers volunteer opportunities and training. The Police
Department has a reserve unit consisting of approximately 27 reserve officers at various levels of training
These volunteer police officers perform many of the same tasks as the fulltime officers, including powers of
arrest The Citizen Patrol program involves members of the community in deterring crimes and to help
officers in such areas as traffic control, citation writing, crime prevention programs, extra patrols, and
vacation checks. These volunteers are able to assist the Community Service Officers after going through a
three-month training. In addition to Citizen Patrol, Specialized Volunteers are involved in areas ottiring range,
detective bureau, traffic bureau, translation, property and evidence, identification bureau, crime free rental
housing and personnel and training.
Additional programs offered by the Department for community development and crime prevention include
the Chaplain's Program and Explorer Post. The Chaplain's Program, and Cops and Clergy represents the
integration of faith and justice. The Department uses such means to share their knowledge with the
population through faith-based organizations. This is also an opportunity for police officers to interact with
troubled population in an informal setting. The Explorer Post program offers adolescents between the ages
Genera! Plan Update and Associated SPecific PlanJ fIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.12-9
5. Environmental Analysis
of 14 and 21 a chance to interact positively with police officers and to receive training in law enforcement.
This program also teaches ethics, teamwork, responsibility, self-esteem and discipline.
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Arrowhead Springs
Currently, only a portion of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is located within the City limits of San
Bernardino. While the southwestern portion of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is currently serviced
by the San Bernardino Police Department, the majority of the area currently lies outside the service boundary
for the Department. Therefore, police service in the Arrowhead Springs area is predominately served by the
San Bernardino County Sheriffs Department. Upon implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan,
the Arrowhead Springs area would be incorporated into the City's boundaries in its entirety and become
under the jurisdiction of the San Bernardino City Police Department. Table 5.12-2 lists the distance to the
following police stations from the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area.
;'<'"
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Table 5.12-2
Distance from the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan Area to the City of San
Bernardino Police Department District Offices
-
Distance Irom the
Police District Location Project Area (Miles)
Northern 941 Kendall Drive 4.6
Eastern 1535 E. Highland Avenue 6.3
Central 334 W. Baseline Street 6.6
Western 1574 W. Baseline Street # 1 03 8.4
Western: Main 1332 West 5th Street 8.9
Southern 204 Inland Center 10.1
Source: City of San Bernardino Police Department
5.12.2.2 Thresholds of Significance
..
PP.1 Result in a substantial adverse physical impact associated with the provisions of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental
facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for
police protection services.
...
.',
5.12.2.3 Environmentallmpacts
San Bernardino General Plan
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
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Page 5.12-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
Il!If'
5. Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.12-2:
BUILD-OUT OF THE SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD INTRODUCE
NEW STRUCTURES, RESIDENTS AND WORKERS INTO THE CITY OF SAN
BERNARDINO POLICE SERVICE BOUNDARIES, THEREBY INCREASING THE
REQUIREMENT FOR POLICE PROTECTION, FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL.
[THRESHOLD PP-1}
Impact Analysis: Build-out in accordance with the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increase
in demand for police protection services within the City of San Bernardino. As a result of an increase in
demand due to future growth within the City of San Bernardino, new facilities, equipment and personnel may
be necessary to maintain adequate level of service for the City. Staffing for the San Bernardino Police
Department is not based on any ratio of officers per 1,000 population but District beat boundaries and
staffing assignments are evaluated to maintain a balance of service across the City in order to maintain an
adequate level of service. Currently the City of San Bernardino Police Department has 312 officers Buildout
of the General Plan Update would require additional police service within the City of San Bernardino Police
Department Service levels would be evaluated and District beat boundaries and staffing assignments may be
modified based on an increase in population in the northern portions of the City.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to police services include:
Public Facilities and Services Element
Policy 7.1.1: Maintain a complement of personnel in the Police Department that is capable of providing a
timely response to criminal activity and can equitably protect all citizens and property in the City.
Policy 7.1.2: Coordinate inter-agency agreements with the County and adjacent jurisdictions to provide
assistance and cooperation on inter-jurisdictional cases.
~
Policy 7.1.3: Continue to support and encourage community-based crime prevention efforts through regular
interaction and coordination with existing neighborhood watch programs, assistance in the formation of new
neighborhood watch groups, and regular communication with neighborhood and civic organizations.
Policy 7.1.4: Assist the San Bernardino City Unified School District and other educational agencies creating
a program of early intervention for students that will provide instruction, recreation, and training programs
outside of the classroom.
Policy 7.1.5: Ensure that landscaping (Le., trees and shrubbery) around buildings does not obstruct views
required to provide security surveillance.
Policy 7.1.6: Require adequate lighting around residential, commercial and industrial buildings in order to
facilitate security surveillance.
Policy 7.1.7: Require the provision of security measures and devices that are designed to increase visibility
and security in the design of building siting, interior and exterior design, and hardware
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.12-11
5.
Environmental Analysis
1'".
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
'"
AHS IMPACT 5.12-2:
INCORPORA TlON AND DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS
SPECIFIC PLAN AREA WOULD INTRODUCE NEW STRUCTURES, RESIDENTS,
AND WORKERS INTO THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO POLICE SERVICE
BOUNDARIES, THEREBY INCREASING THE REQUIREMENT FOR POLICE
PROTECTION FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL. [THRESHOLD PP-1]
.-.r~
--
Impact Analysis: Currently the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is within the service boundary of San
Bernardino County Sheriffs Department. With incorporation of this area into the City limits, the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area would be under the jurisdiction of the San Bernardino City Police Department.
According to the San Bernardino City Police Department, there are currently no plans to provide facilities
within the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. According to Table 5.12-2, the nearest police district office
is 4.6 miles away on Kendall Drive. The addition of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area to the service
boundary and the subsequent build-out of the area would increase the need for police services to respond to
the Arrowhead Springs area. According to San Bernardino City Police Department, incorporation of this area
into the department's service area could strain current resources. The distance to the nearest station may
affect response times and the closest station may not have the appropriate amount of personnel. Build-out of
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would occur over a period of 10 years During this time, District beat
boundaries and staffing assignments may need to be modified based on an increased demand within the
northern, mountainous portions of the City
...
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5.12.2.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
No specific existing regulations and standard conditions apply to either the San Bernardino General Plan
Update or the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan for provision of police services However, the revenue
sources and budgetary process of the City of San Bernardino would assure that sufficient funding is
available when necessary to provide the appropriate police services and facilities as growth occurs
5.12.2.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
-"'"
Upon implementation of General Plan policies, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the following impact to police services would be less than significant.
W!:ti
GP Impact 5.12-2
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in the need for additional
police facilities, equipment and personnel in order to maintain adequate response
times; however allocation of personnel would be adjusted to areas when and where
needed and additional personnel and facilities would be funded through the normal
budgetary process as growth occurs and revenue sources increase as a result of
increased development.
"il
"'"
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impact
to police services would be less than significant.
-
AHS 5.12-2
Incorporation and subsequent build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area would result a demand for additional patrols in the area; however, as
development occurs resources can be shifted to a closer station and/or police
officers or facilities added as needed as part of the yearly budgetary process The
.
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Page 5.12-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
..
5. Environmental Analysis
development of the Arrowhead Springs area would contribute additional revenue to
the City which would partially off-set the increase in demand.
5.12.2.6 Mitigation Measures
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are necessary.
5.12.2.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The existing regulations and standard conditions above would reduce potential impacts associated with
police protection services to a level that is less than significant, requiring no mitigation measures. Therefore,
no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating police protection services have been identified.
5.12.3 School Services
5.12.3.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino
The City of San Bernardino and SOl areas are served primarily by the San Bernardino City Unified School
District (SBCUSD). Schools in the SBCUSD operate on a year-round track and traditional school year
system. Tables 5.12-3,5.12-4, and 5.12-5 list elementary, middle, and high schools within the SBCUSD,
respectively.
Table 5.12-3
Elementary Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School District
Current
Name Location Enrollment
Abraham Lincoln Elementary School 255 W. 13th Street, San Bernardino 1260
Anderson School Elementary School 24302 E. 4th Street, San Bernardino 129
Arrowhead Elementary School 3825 Mt. View Avenue, San Bernardino 460
Barton Elementary School 2214 Pumalo Street, San Bernardino 567
Belvedere Elementary School 2501 E. Marshall Boulevard, Highland 861
Bonnie Oehl Elementary School 2525 Palm Avenue, Highland 795
Bradley Elementary School 1300 Valencia Avenue, San Bernardino 983
Burbank Elementary School 198 W. Mill Street, San Bernardino 420
California Elementary School 2699 N. California Street, San Bernardino 593
Carmack Elementary School 4777 State Street, San Bernardino 90
Cole Elementary School 1331 Cole Avenue, Highland 528
Cypress Elementary School 26825 Cypress Street, Highland 816
Davidson Elementary School 2844 N. Davidson Avenue, San Bernardino 616
Del Rosa Elementary School 3395 N. Mountain Avenue, San Bernardino 1023
E. Neal Roberts Elementary School 494 East 9th Street, San Bernardino 1005
Emmerton Elementary School 1888 Arden Avenue, San Bernardino 868
Fairfax Elementary School 1362 Pacific Street, San Bernardino 510
Harmon Elementary School 3340 Pacific Street, Highland 19
Highland-Pacific Elementary School 3340 Pacific Street, Highland 421
Hillside Elementary School 4975 N. Mayfield Avenue 767
Hunt Elementary School 1342 Pumalo Street, San Bernardino 904
Inghram Elementary School 1695 W. 19th Street, San Bernardino 552
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.12-13
~
5.
Environmental Analysis
.
"',
EI
Table 5.12-3
S h I W'th' th S B d' COt U Oft d S hiD' t ' t
ementary c OOS I In e an ernar 1n0 try m Ie c 00 IS TIC
Current
Name Location Enrollment
Kendall Elementary School 4951 State Street, San Bernardino 652
Kimbark Elementary School 18021 Kenwood Street, San Bernardino 459
Lankershim Elementary School 7499 Lankershim Avenue, Highland 943
Lytle Creek Elementary School 275 S. UK" street, San Bernardino 810
Marshall Elementary School 3288 N. "G" Street, San Bernardino 663
Monterey Elementary School 794 Monterey Street, San Bernardino 794
Mt. Vernon Elementary School 1271 W. 10th Street, San Bernardino 744
Muscoy Elementary School 2119 W. Blake Street, San Bernardino 656
Newmark Elementary School 4121 N. 3<<1 Avenue, San Bernardino 535
North Park Elementary School 5378 N. "H" Street, San Bernardino 903
Palm Avenue Elementary School 6565 Palm Avenue, San Bernardino 721
Parkside Elementary School 3775 N. Waterman Avenue, San Bernardino 737
Ramona Alessandro Elementary School 670 Ramona Avenue, San Bernardino 836
Riley Elementary School 1266 N. "G" Street, San Bernardino 959
Rio Vista Elementary School 1451 N. California Street, San Bernardino 703
Roosevelt Elementary School 1554 N. Garner Avenue, San Bernardino 745
Thompson Elementary School 7401 Church Avenue, Highland 828
Urbita Elementary School 771 S. "J" Street, San Bernardino 490
Vermont Elementary School 3695 Vermont Street, San Bernardino 736
Warm Springs Elementary School 7497 Sterling Avenue, San Bernardino 971
Wilson Elementary School 2894 N. Belle Street, San Bernardino 790
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...
!IN'>
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Source: San Bemardino Unified School District, School Accountability Report Card, 2003-2004.
-
Current
Name Location Enrollment
Arrowview Middle School 2299 N. "G" Street, San Bernardino 1989
Curtis Middle School 1472 E. 6th Street, San Bernardino 1191
Del Vallejo Middle School 1885 E. Lynwood Drive, San Bernardino 1532
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School 1250 N. Medical Center Drive, San Bernardino 1420
Golden Valley Middle School 3800 N. Watennan Avenue, San Bernardino 1398
Richardson Middle School 455 S. "K" Street, San Bernardino 584
Serrano Middle School 3131 Piedmont Drive, Highland 1242
Shandin Hills Middle School 4301 Little Mountain Drive, San Bernardino 1883
Table 5,12-4
Middle Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School District
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Source: San Bemardino Unified School District, School Accountability Report Card, 2003-2004.
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Page 5.12-14 . The Planning Center
July 2005
....
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.12-5
High Schools Within the San Bernardino City Unified School District
Current
Name Location Enrollment
Arroyo Valley High School 1881 W. Baseline Street San Bernardino 2511
Cajon High School 1200 Hill Drive, San Bernardino 2534
Pacific High School 1020 Pacific Street, San Bernardino 2486
San Andreas High School 3232 E. Pacific Street, Highland 350
San Bernardino High School 1850 North E. Street, San Bernardino 2677
San Gorgonio High School 2299 E. Pacific Street, San Bernardino 2950
Sierra High School 570 East 9th Street, San Bernardino 494
Source: San Bernardino Unified School District, School Accountability Report Card, 2003-2004.
To approximate the future need for schools, the SBCUSD uses an adjusted student generation factor based
on residential units constructed in the District complied with existing school attendance. The adjusted
student generation factors from SBCUSD are listed below in Table 5.12-6.
Table 5.12-6
Adjusted Student Generation Factors
Single-Family Attached
Single-Family Detached and Multi-Family
School Level Student Generation Factor (SGF) Student Generation Factor (SGF)
Elementary 0.4451 0.6200
Middle School 0.1577 0.1000
High School 0.1859 0.1800
~
Source: San Bernardino City Unified School District. School Facilities Needs Analysis, March 1, 2005
In addition to public schools, the San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools (SBCSS) acts as an
intermediate service agency between the California Department of Education and the 38 school districts in
San Bernardino County to help meet the educational needs of all children countywide. The SBCSS runs
three community day schools within the San Bernardino area, which are listed in Table 5.12-7.
Table 5.12-7
Facilities within the City of San Bernardino
Operated by the San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools
Current
Name Location Classrooms Enrollment
Galaxy Community Day School 1491 E. Art Townsend Drive, San Bernardino 4 80
T ri-City Community Day School 697 S. Allen, San Bernardino 3 60
8th Street Community Day School 450 81h Street, San Bernardino 2 40
Source: San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Planr EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.] 2 -] 5
5.
Environmental Analysis
"H
Arrowhead Springs
The Arrowhead Spring Specific Plan area is located entirely within the SBCUSD and is served by the schools
within the District boundaries, as discussed above. The schools closest to the Arrowhead Springs project
area include the Arrowhead Elementary School, the Arrowview Middle School and the Arroyo Valley Senior
High.
.1"-
...
5.12.3.2 Thresholds of Significance
!IIt~
SS-1
Result in a substantial adverse physical impact associated with the provisions of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental
facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for
school services.
."."
5.12.3.3 Environmentallmpacts
San Bernardino General Plan
-
GP IMPACT 5.12-3:
BUILD-OUT OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN WOULD
GENERATE 21,570 ADDITIONAL ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE, AND HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS THA T WOULD IMPACT THE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT CAPACITIES
OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT.
[THRESHOLD SS-1J
1IlI!P
Impact Analysis: Build-out of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would result in a total build-out of
46,942 single-family units and 48,692 multi-family units in the City and Sphere of Influence (SOl) areas
resulting in an increase of 32,250 residential units from the year 2000 existing housing stock.23 Currently, the
SBCUSD has a 2004-2005 total student enrollment of 59,279 students. The capacity of the SBUSD for the
2004-2005 year is 46,727 students resulting in facility shortage for 12,552 students. Using the SBCUSD
student generation rates, build-out of the General Plan would result in a total student population for the City
and SOl areas of 51,067 elementary school students, 12,285 middle school students, and 17,497 high
school students (See Table 5.12-8), an overall growth of 36.4 percent. Growth in the student population in
the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas would necessitate the need for additional school facilities and
personnel within the SBCUSD, Colton Unified School District, Redlands Unified School District, and Rialto
Unified School District.
iI!lIt'\
...'
ntlclpated tudent Enro ment or t e
2004-2005 GP Build-oul GP Build-out
Student City Student SOl Student GP Build-out Total Student
School Level Enrollment Population Population Total Growth (%)
Elementary (K-5) 34,234 44,591 6,476 51,067 16,833 (49.2%)
Middle School (6-8) 9,276 10,479 1,806 12,285 3,009 (32.4%)
High School (9-12) 15,769 15,114 2,383 17,497 1.728 (10.0%)
Total 59,279 70,184 10,665 80,849 21,570 (36.4%)
A -.
S
Table 5.12-8
II "h SBCUSD
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...
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2 For the purposes of school generation estimation, multi-family residential units were defined as single-family
attached and multi-family units.
3 The City of San Bernardino 2000 housing stock total was 63.414 units. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
1If'i'
Page 5.12-16. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to education include:
Public Facilities and Services
Policy 7.3.1: Work with the local school districts, CSUSB, and SBVC to expand facilities and services to
meet educational needs.
Policy 7.3.2: Work with the School District to ensure that new residential subdivisions dedicate land or
contribute fees for the expansion of school facilities to meet the needs attributable to the new housing.
Policy 7.3.3: Work with the School District to consider alternative funding programs for school facilities
construction and provision of educational programs should there be a shortfall of traditional revenue.
Policy 7.3.4: Cooperate with the San Bernardino City Unified School District, California State University, San
Bernardino, and San Bernardino Valley College to integrate educational programs and facilities; ensure that
adequate educational services are provided for youth; the educational needs of the students are being
monitored; and the educational curricula is being designed to meet these needs.
Policy 7.3.5: Work with the Unified School District and all local educational agencies, including private
schools, to provide continuing adult education courses.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.12-3:
BUILD-OUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
GENERATE 894 NEW ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
THA T WOULD IMPACT THE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT CAPACITIES OF THE SAN
BERNARDINO CITY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT. [THRESHOLD SS-1]
~
Impact Analysis: Currently the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area has few residential dwelling units
contributing student population to area schools. Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would
result in a total build-out of 1 ,350 units. Of these potential units, 465 are proposed single-family units, 585 are
multi-family attached units and 300 are senior units. Excluding the senior units, because these units do not
usually have school age children and applying the SBCUSD student generation rates per household, build-
out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in an increase in 570 elementary school students,
132 middle school students, and 192 high school students. The schools closest to the Arrowhead Springs
project area include the Arrowhead Elementary School, the Arrowview Middle School and the Arroyo Valley
Senior High. However these schools are nearing capacity and may not be able to accommodate the influx of
student with current facilities. Growth in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would therefore
necessitate the need for additional school facilities and personnel in the SBCUSD, Colton Unified School
District, Redlands Unified School District, and Rialto Unified School District.
5.12.3.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
The existing regulations and standard conditions apply to both the San Bernardino General Plan Update and
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
. Senate Bill 50 (SB 50, also known as Proposition 1 A, codified in Government Code Section 65995)
was enacted in 1988 to address how schools are financed and how development projects may be
assessed for associated school impacts. SB 50 provides three ways to determine funding levels for
school districts. The default level allows school districts to levy development fees to support school
construction necessitated by that development and receive a 50 percent match from State bond
General Plan Update and ASJociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.12-17
5.
Environmental Analysis
.'
11!"
Based on the current fee structure, any commercial or industrial construction can be assessed a
maximum fee of thirty-six cents ($0.36) per square foot of chargeable covered and enclosed space.
"Chargeable covered and enclosed space," is defined as, the covered and enclosed space deter-
mined to be within the perimeter of a commercial or industrial structure, not including any storage
areas incidental to the principal use of the construction, garage, parking structure, unenclosed
walkway, or utility or disposal area. The determination of the chargeable covered and enclosed
space within the perimeter of a commercial or industrial structure would be made by the City of San
Bernardino, in accordance with the building standards of the City. Based on the current fee structure
for residential developments, construction can be assessed a maximum fee of two dollars and
twenty-four cents ($2.24) per square foot for redevelopment or three dollars and ninety-seven cents
($3.97) per square foot for new developments. As of April 2005, the San Bernardino City Unified
School District will have adopted a revised fee structure for new residential developments of four
dollars and twenty-eight cents ($4.28) per square foot.
,..
M"
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Itk'-
5.12.3.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
-
Upon implementation of General Plan policies, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the impact to school services would be less than significant.
III!'I"
GP Impact 5.12-3
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in a substantial increase
in student population necessitating the need for additional school facilities and
personnel. However, construction and operation of new school facilities would be
funded through school impact fees assessed on new developments and
redevelopments that occur within the SBCUSD or any nearby district.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the impact to school
services would be less than significant.
!!Ill:
AHS Impact 5.12-3
Build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would result in an increase in
student population of 894 students, necessitating the need for additional school
facilities and personnel. However, new developments and redevelopment in the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are assessed a school impact fee that funds
construction and operation of the SBCUSD.
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5.12.3.6 Mitigation Measures
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No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures are required
5.12.3.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Ii'''
The existing regulations and standard conditions above would reduce potential impacts associated with
school services to a level that is less than significant, requiring no mitigation measures. Therefore, no
significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating school services have been identified.
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Page 5.12-18. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.12.4 Library Services
5.12.4. 1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino General Plan
The San Bernardino City Public library system consists of a Central Library and three branches located in the
planning area. According to the City of San Bernardino Public Libraries, the existing library system has over
an estimated 236,000 volumes.
Norman F. Feldheym Central Library
The Feldheym Central Library, built in 1985 and located at 555 West 6th Street, is the largest library in the
San Bernardino system and contains a comprehensive collection of fiction and nonfiction books. Central
Library's service area consists of the entire city of San Bernardino. The 64,800-square-foot Central Library
houses a collection of approximately 156,817 volumes including 350 periodical subscriptions, and 20
newspaper subscriptions. Feldheym Branch also serves as a location for administrative services for all the
San Bernardino City libraries. The facility offers three meeting rooms: Bing Wong auditorium, Mary Belle
Kellogg Rooms A and B; California Room, which holds research material on the City's past; Technical
Services Center, which processes books for all branches before they are placed on shelves; and
administrative offices.
The Feldheym Branch Library offers a variety of programs and facilities for public use. This facility has six
computers with Internet for reference purposes, a typewriter, a Public Address system, a piano, and
databases that can be accessed from home or the library for research purposes. In addition, this branch
provides Cosand Computer Learning Center with 24 computer workstations and workshops and classes on
basic computer usage; and a Literacy Center that provides small group tutoring and classes in Adult Basic
Education (ABE), English as a Second Language (ESL), Families for Literacy (FFL), After School Homework
Assistance, and Citizenship preparation to individuals who would like assistance in such areas.
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Dorothy Ingram Public Library
Dorothy Ingram Library, built in 1977 and located at 1505 West Highland, serves the west end of San
Bernardino. The 3,000-square-foot library houses a collection of approximately 16,630 volumes including,
twenty-nine periodical subscriptions, and two newspaper subscriptions, including a large number of books
of interest to the Black community. The video collection has over 800 titles available for checkout, and the
Branch also has books in Spanish for both adults and juveniles. There are six public use computers, all with
Internet access, word processing, and learning games for children. One computer has a "homework help"
tutor program that is available during afternoon hours.
Howard M. Rowe Library
Howard M. Rowe Library, built in 1968 and located at 108 East Marshall Boulevard, serves the northern area
of San Bernardino. The 5,655-square-foot library houses a collection of approximately 41,080 volumes
including, 67 periodical subscriptions, four newspaper subscriptions, and books in Spanish. Rowe Branch
library resources include audio books, large print books, Young adult books, videos, DVDs, four computers
equipped with Internet, word processing, maps, encyclopedia research and other educational programs for
public use. This facility also hosts Thursday morning story time, Summer Reading Game, Arts and Craft time
in July and August and a Teen Night each spring and fall. Rowe Library encourages young adults to read
through a Readers' Theatre during the summer, for those 11 through 16 years of age. Currently, the City's
long-range plans include the expansion of the Howard M. Rowe Branch.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans E/R
City a/San Bernardino. Page 5. /2-19
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Paul Villasenor Library
Paul Villasenor Library, built in 1980 and located at 525 North Mt. Vernon Avenue, serves the west San
Bernardino area. The 7,500-square-foot library houses a collection of approximately 22,299 volumes, of
which over 3,500 are Spanish titles for both adults and children. This facility also holds Spanish music cas-
settes, English and Spanish videos for checkout and six computers equipped with Internet, word processing
programs, educational programs etc. for public use.
In addition to City's public library system, the San Bernardino planning area is also served by the San
Bernardino County Library and the library at California State University of San Bernardino.
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San Bernardino County Library
Library services outside the City (in the SOl) are provided by the San Bernardino County Libraries. Residents
of unincorporated areas of San Bernardino and from cities such as Highland, Rialto, Lake Arrowhead, and
Fontana have access to 29 County branches and over 1,167,000 volumes. Services offered include Youth
Services, Book Mobiles, Books by Mail, Interlibrary Loan, and Library Literacy among other programs.
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All libraries in the planning area provide patron access to catalog via home computer, automated library
circulation system, and automated catalog for accurate, efficient control of materials, and handicap access to
library facilities. Because the City libraries and the San Bernardino County library system, is part of the Inland
Valley Library System, residents can use any of the City or County libraries within the County boundaries.
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California State University of San Bernardino
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The California State University of San Bernardino's John M. Pfau Library located on 5500 University Parkway,
services the north area of the City. This is a 49,205-square-foot facility with more than 610,000 books, bound
periodicals, and other print items. Community members not enrolled at this University can access library
services through a membership fee.
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
""
Unincorporated areas of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are currently served by the San Bernar-
dino County Library, as discussed above. Although portions of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area are
served by the City of San Bernardino Public Library system, upon annexation into City, the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area would also have access to the collections contained within the City's public library
system. The closest public library to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is the Howard M. Rowe
Branch, located 8.9 miles from the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area.
....
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5.12.4.2 Thresholds of Significance
LS-1
Result in a substantial adverse physical impact associated with the provisions of new or
physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental
facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for
library services.
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Page 5.12-20. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.12.4.3 Environmentallmpacts
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.12-4:
BUILD-OUT OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
GENERAL PLAN WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL POPULATION,
INCREASING THE SERVICE NEEDS FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO PUBLIC
LIBRARY SYSTEM. [THRESHOLD LS-1}
Impact Analysis: Build-out of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increase in
population in the City of San Bernardino which is served by the City of San Bernardino Public Library system.
Currently, the City of San Bernardino Library system houses over 276,000 volumes. Based on the Division of
Library Development Services of the State of California's standard of 1.5 volumes per capita, the existing
volumes within the City's public library system can serve a population of about 184,000, which is less the
City's population projection of approximately 196,300 in 20044. According to this level of service standard,
there is not sufficient capacity within the existing library system. The American Library Association rates the
San Bernardino Public Library at a 30th percentile based on the existing circulation, staffing, volumes in the
collection, reference transactions, and funding levels compared to the City's population.
In addition, the Library has determined that new branches are desirable in both the Mountain Shadows and
VerdemontjDevore areas of the City and expansion would be necessary for the Howard M. Rowe Branch.
Upon build-out of the General Plan there is an anticipated population of people living in the City of San
Bernardino and SOl areas. Therefore, build-out in accordance with the General Plan would necessitate the
need for the addition of 202,862 volumes of books, nearly double that of the existing collection, to support
future populations.
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Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
The following City of San Bernardino General Plan policies and programs related to library services include:
Public Facilities and Services Element
Policy 7.4.14: Construct new libraries and rehabilitate and expand existing library facilities and programs as
required to meet the needs of existing and future residents.
Policy 7.4.15: Acquire materials for the library facilities that reflect the needs and interests of the City
residents.
Policy 7.4.16: Provide outreach services for seniors and the handicapped, if they cannot visit library
facilities.
Policy 7.4.17: Provide appropriate linkages for the library's use of telecommunication and computer-based
data for the storage, retrieval, and display of information including online access and CD Rom, as
technologies develop and are standardized.
Policy 7.4.18: Continue to provide funding for library facilities and activities, examining other potential
funding sources, including state and federal and corporate and private contributions.
Policy 7.4.19: Develop and install automated library circulation system and automated catalog for accurate
and efficient control of materials.
4 2004 Population obtained from the California Department of Finance Demographic Research Unit.
General Plan Update and Arsociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.12-21
5.
Environmental Analysis
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AHS IMPACT 5.12-4:
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
BUILD-OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC
PLAN WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL POPULATION INCREASING THE
SERVICE NEEDS FOR THE HOWARD M. ROWE BRANCH LIBRARY WITHIN THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO PUBLIC LIBRARY SYSTEM. [THRESHOLD LS-1]
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Impact Analysis: As stated above, the existing library collections of the City of San Bernardino Public
Library are not sufficient to serve the City's existing population. Upon annexation into the City of San
Bernardino, the residents of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area would strain the City's existing public
library system. The anticipated future population of Arrowhead Springs is 4,233 persons resulting in a need
of 6,350 volumes of books for the library collection based upon American Library Association rates.
Population increases in the Arrowhead Springs area from build-out in accordance with the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan, would result in an increased demand for library services primarily affecting the Howard
M. Rowe Branch Library, which is the closest library to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area. .
...
5.12.4.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
-:
No existing regulations and standard conditions apply to either the San Bernardino General Plan Update or
the Arrowhead Springs SpeCific Plan for provision of library services However, the library services within the
City are funded through normal revenue sources and the yearly budgetary process. As growth increases so
will revenues.
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5.12.4.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
GP Impact 5.12-4
Upon implementation of General Plan policies, the impact to library services would be less than significant.
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increase in popu-
lation within the City necessitating the need for additional collections for the public
libraries within the City of San Bernardino Public Library system. However, capitol
costs to provide additional facilities and improvements would be funded by the
State Library Fund bond measure and operating costs through the normal City
revenue sources and budgetary process
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the impact to library
services would be less than significant.
AHS Impact 5.12-4
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Incorporation and subsequent build-out of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area into the City of San Bernardino would strain the City's existing public library
system and place additional use on the Howard M. Rowe Branch Library. Currently,
expansion of the Howard M. Rowe Branch Library is incorporated into the City of
San Bernardino Public Library's long-range plans. Capitol costs to provide
improvements to this branch would be funded by the State Library Fund bond
measure and additional operation and maintenance costs would be funded through
normal City revenue sources and the yearly budgetary process.
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5.12.4.6 Mitigation Measures
No significant impacts have been identified and no mitigation measures are required.
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July 2005
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Page 5.12-22 . The Planning Center
5. Environmental Analysis
5.12.4.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impacts on library services are considered less than significant and mitigation measures are not necessary.
Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to library services have been identified.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.12-23
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.13 RECREATION
5.13.1 Environmental Setting
5.13.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Open space provides a multitude of functions that are beneficial to the community; including park and
recreation areas, recreational trails, conservation of natural and significant resources, buffers between land
uses, and the preservation of scenic views. The City of San Bernardino has convenient access to several
active and passive open space areas. Active recreation areas typically include facilities such as tailored
playing surfaces, buildings, parking areas and similar modifications to a natural site. Passive recreation areas
accommodate less structured recreational pursuits and typically include minor modifications such as trails,
service vehicle access improvements, enhanced landscape materials and similar non-intrusive changes to
the site.
There are a total of 52 developed parks and recreational facilities in the city, encompassing 539.98 acres.
Table 5.13-1 lists the park facilities and special recreational facilities within the City of San Bernardino.
Table 5.13-1
Park Facilities within the City of San Bernardino
Public Park and
Recreation Facility Location Type Size (Acres)
> 'XU)r >) ))),Cr, ' ......).)) .... ...,'i'i'. i"': i')..",,,,,,,,,,,,:,,' ,. ,'bt '." "i,g'ICg"li"iN'C'!i!,C!g"!I',g'iN,;,!"', "N111 ......b>1
Newberry Park 560 Hill Drive Mini-Park 1.53
Unnamed SWC Magnolia Avenue and Meyers Road Mini-Park 0.5
Unnamed NWC Kendall Dr. and Campus Parkway Mini-Park 1.6
Unnamed SWC Christine SI. and Christopher SI. Mini-Park 1.3
Tom Gould Park 240 W. 40th Street Mini-Park 0.51
Sierra Park 3800 Sierra Way Mini-Park 1.13
Sonora Tot Lot 1286 Sonora Street Mini-Park 0.17
Center for Individual Development 8088 Palm Lane Mini-Park 5.00
Campo Santo Memorial Park 2651 "0" Street Mini-Park 5.50
Meadowbrook Field House and Park 179 E. Rialto Mini-Park 4.96
Del Rosa School Field 3395 N. Mountain Avenue Mini-Park 0.50
Gutierrez Field 14th & Mt. Vernon Mini-Park 1.98
Golden Valley School Field 3800 N. Waterman Avenue Mini-Park 1.00
Ninth Street Park 2391 Garner Mini-Park 3.62
Guadalupe Field 780 Roberds Mini-Park 2.25
La Plaza Park 685 MI. Vernon Avenue Mini-Park 2.04
Richardson School Field 455 South 'K' Street Mini-Park 1.00
Total City Mini-Park 34.59
~ark$ ........... '." , . i..I....'"'.., "",<t.r..::< ,.<.<<.,,"'1< <'I "!.ll'
Newark Field (Karl Karper) 3898 Pershing Neighborhood Park 5.02
Littlefield/Shultis Park Buckboard & Kendell Way Neighborhood Park 15.00
Hudson Park 4365 Park Drive Neighborhood Park 10.10
Horine Park 3150 Waterman Neighborhood Park 5.67
Harrison Canyon Park 39th & Golden Neighborhood Park 6.00
Del Vallejo School Field Sterling and Lynwood Neighborhood Park 6.00
Meadowbrook Park/Hernandez Center 2nd and Sierra Neighborhood Park 14.12
Colony Park Weir Road and Heritage Drive Neighborhood Park 6.40
Unnamed SWC Chestnut Ave. and Washington SI. Neighborhood Park 37
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.13-1
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5. Environmental Analysis
Public Park and
Recreation Facility
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
Anne Shirrells Park
Pioneer Park
Encanto Park
Nicholson Park
Unnamed Park in New Development
Unnamed Park in New Development
Blake Street Park
J'ilnfit!imulll'ii!
Blair Park
AI GuhnjVerdemont Park
Wildwood Park
Speicher Park/Patton South
Palm Field
Mill Park
Delmann Heights Park
Norton Gym/Galaxy Ballroom
Nunez Park
Lytle Creek Park
Perris Hill Park
Seccombe Lake Park
San Bernardino Soccer Complex
Fifth Street Senior Center
Perris Hill Senior Center
North Norton Community Center
Table 5.13-1
Park Facilities within the City of San Bernardino
Location
NWC Palm Ave. and Irvington Ave.
SWC Pine Ave. and Belmont Ave.
NW of Pine Ave. and Ohio Ave.
1367 N. Califomia
565 "F" Street
1180 W. 9th Street
2750 W. 2nd Street
SEC Northpark Blvd. & Campus Pkwy.
SEC Northpark Blvd. & Campus Pkwy.
NEC Blake St. and Bronson St. in the
Muscoy Unincorporated Area
Type
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Neighborhood Park
Size (Acres)
5.4
3.4
4.8
12.00
5.00
8.90
9.52
2.4
3.5
8.7
Total City Neighborhood
Parks
130.33
1466 W. Marshall Boulevard
3650 Little League
536 E. 40th Street
1535 North Arden
888 E. 6th Street
503 Central
2969 Flores
1554 Art Townsend Drive
1717 W. 5'h Street
380 S. "K" Street
600 W. 5th Street
780 W. 21" Street
24424 Monterey
Senior Center
Senior Center
Community Center
Total Special Facilities
Total Acres in City
Source: San Bemardino City Parks, Recreation, and Community Services Department
Mini-parks
Mini-parks are the smallest type of park, usually less than five acres, and serve a relatively small area with a
service radius of one-quarter to one-half mile. They often consist of passive recreational uses and provide
little to no parking. The City of San Bernardino currently has 17 mini-parks totaling 34.59 acres.
Neighborhood Parks
Neighborhood parks are intended to serve the needs of the surrounding and/or adjacent neighborhoods.
Park sizes range from approximately 10 to 15 acres and serve users within a walking or bicycling radius of
Page 5.13-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
approximately one-halfto one mile. Typical neighborhood park facilities include play apparatus areas, court
games, limited family picnic areas and open space for informal field sports. The City of San Bernardino
currently has 19 neighborhood parks totaling 130.33 acres.
Community Parks
Community parks serve several neighborhoods and have a service radius of one to two miles. Their size
ranges from 15 to 30 acres and they provide similar and larger amenities than a neighborhood park. These
amenities generally include lighted ball fields, tennis courts, and community centers or recreation buildings.
Community parks are also designed for vehicular as well as pedestrian access. Community parks are
located adjacent to middle or high schools, when possible, in an attempt to facilitate joint-use with local
school districts. The City of San Bernardino currently has 10 community parks totaling 214.16 acres.
Regional Parks
Regional parks are at least 50 acres in size and offer a wide range of amenities to attract the greatest range
of users and interests within and outside of the city. Regional parks provide significant natural features and
passive and active recreational features such as sports fields/courts, picnicking, fishing, hiking, and
camping. The City of San Bernardino has 3 regional parks totaling 158.40 acres.
In addition to City facilities, the County Regional Parks system includes Glen Helen, Yucaipa, Lake Gregory,
Cucamonga, Guasti, Prado, and Mojave Narrows, all within a range of approximately 10 to 40 miles of the
City of San Bernardino. The nearest to the City is Glen Helen Park, which provides a multi-faceted recreation
area for fishing, boating, picnicking and other activities for many City dwellers.
Multi-Purpose Trails and Bikeways
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The City of San Bernardino hosts an on-street and off-street recreational trail system. The off-street recrea-
tional trail system combines hiking, equestrian, and bike trails into Multi-Purpose trails. The on-street trail
system consists of dedicated bike lanes along the pavement edge of streets while pedestrian access and
recreation is provided through the City's sidewalks and hiking trails. The on-street and off-street recreation
system provides a system that interconnects parks, schools, and civic facilities with each other and with the
surrounding area.
Other Public Recreational Facilities
In addition to mini, neighborhood, community, and regional parks, there are individual regional facilities such
as the Shandin Hills Golf Course that is a professional class, l8-hole course. This public course is owned by
the City and leased to a private company for operation and maintenance. The planning area also contains
the Western Regional Little League Headquarters and stadium on land owned by the City but used almost
exclusively for Little League ball play.
The City also provides recreational services at the local schools, under a joint resolution adopted by the
Common Council and the school district. It provides that schoolyard facilities will remain open in the daytime
hours after school for recreational use of the community. The City Parks, Recreation, and Community
Services Department operates a variety of recreational programs on school grounds, including the Tiny Tot
program, Senior Citizen leisure programs, and active and passive programs for all age groups including after
school activities during the regular school year. For the use of school building facilities and pools, the City
pays rental fees. The school district reserves the right for first priority for the use of all school areas.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5. 13- 3
5.
Environmental Analysis
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City of San Bernardino Park Standards
The City of San Bernardino has an adopted park standard of five acres per 1,000 residents. These define
acceptable ratios of per capita park space for local parkland including a proportion of neighborhood and
mini-parks based on national averages. Because these acreages are intended to accommodate different
types of parks, no single set of accepted standards exist. The National Recreation and Parks Association
(NRP A) has published benchmark guidelines for communities to consider for different park needs. Regional
parks are not included in the NRPA standard because of their variation in size and type. The standard for the
neighborhood park portion is one to two acres per 1,000 population, for mini-parks one-quarter to one-half
acre per 1,000 population, and for the community park is two to three acres per 1,000 residents.
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5.13.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Area is located in the San Bernardino Mountains, adjacent the San
Bernardino National Forest. While regional parks, community parks and other recreational facilities located
within the City of San Bernardino are available for the few current residents who live in the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan area, the area's main recreational resource is found within the unique geologic setting
of the Arrowhead Springs area. The Arrowhead Springs area has been utilized as a private resort built up
around the unique geothermal resource within the Arrowhead Springs Area. Recreational facilities associated
with the private resort which utilize the geothermal resources that are unique to Arrowhead Springs include
the historic steam caves, mineral hot springs, and the famous Esther Williams swimming pool.
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5.13.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project:
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R-1
Would Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities
such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated.
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R-2
Includes recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which
might have an adverse physical effect on the environment.
"-;
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study, included in
Appendix A, disclosed as potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in
parentheses after the impact statement.
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5.13.3 Environmentallmpacts
5.13.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.13-1:
BUILDOUT OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL
RESIDENTS THAT WOULD INCREASE THE USE OF EXISTING PARK AND
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES. [THRESHOLD R-1]
II'If'1
Impact Analysis: Buildout of the San Bernardino General Plan would generate additional residents in the
San Bernardino area, which would increase the demand for parks and park usage. Based on the City's future
parkland needs of 5 acres per 1,000 residents, buildout of the City's General Plan of would result in an a
need for approximately 1,596 acres of parkland including, 215 acres in the unincorporated area. Currently
the City provides for 379.1 acres of mini-parks, neighborhood parks, and community parks within the City
and 8.7 acres in the SOl area. The General Plan Update designates 469 acres for public parks. Therefore,
future buildout would result in a shortfall of 1,127 acres. Using the high end values of the NRPA guidelines,
this equates to an additional need of 125 acres for mini-parks; 508 acres for neighborhood parks; and
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5. Environmental Analysis
744 acres of community parks. While buildout of the General Plan does not assume parks that may be
acquired by the City or provided in new subdivisions, buildout of the General Plan will require additional
parkland to accommodate growth in the City of San Bernardino and SOl areas.
Although the City has a shortfall of 1,127 acres, the projected shortfall in parks is lessened somewhat to a
need for 969 acres by the fact that there are three regional parks totaling 158 acres that have active
recreation facilities. In addition, many school sites, community centers and senior centers within the City are
available for recreational activities. Furthermore, in addition to developed parkland, the City designates
approximately 618.7 acres of undeveloped open space parkland and 664 acres of public and commercial
recreation, which includes private recreational facilities, in the City, and an additional 1,312 acres of
undeveloped open space and parkland and 57 acres of public and commercial recreation in the SOl areas.
GP IMPACT 5.13-2:
BUILDOUT OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD RESULT IN ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS TO EXPANDED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES. [THRESHOLD R-2]
Impact Analysis: The General Plan Update is not a development project, and therefore, does not include or
require the construction of recreational facilities. However, implementation of the General Plan Update may
result in the construction or expansion of existing recreational facilities. The City of San Bernardino General
Plan includes extension of the existing multi-purpose trails and bicycle routes. Some proposed recreational
facilities and trails, if expanded, have the potential to impact sensitive biological areas within San Bernardino
Mountains and Santa Ana River Watershed area.
Relevant Policies and Programs
The following General Plan policies and programs pertain to active and passive recreational facilities within
the City of San Bernardino
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Parks and Recreation Element
Policy 8.8-1: Establish a comprehensive parks master plan. which accomplishes the following:
. Establishes the standard of 5 acres of parkland for every 1,000 residents;
. Establishes guidelines for the types and amounts of recreational facilities and services necessary to
adequately serve future residents;
. Defines park development standards based on types and sizes of parks (mini, neighborhood,
community. regional) and their service area (e.g., Mini - one-quarter to one-half service radius);
. Describes the steps necessary to achieve the park standards and guidelines;
· Defines existing and anticipated recreational needs (based on population size, density,
demographics, and types of facilities);
· Identifies areas in need of new or expanded recreational facilities and the types of facilities needed;
· Disperses park facilities and equipment throughout the City to prevent an undue concentration at
any location; including sports fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, swimming pools, picnic areas,
and other facilities;
. Identifies potential locations and types of new or expanded facilities; and
. Identifies potential funding sources.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.13 - 5
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 8.1.2: Provide a variety of park "experiences", including those developed for intense recreational
activity, passive open space enjoyment, and a mixture of active and passive activities.
Policy 8.1.3: Pursue the development of portions of the Santa Ana River, Lytle Creek, and flood control
drainages and detention basins for recreational uses that will not inhibit flood control purposes or be
adversely impacted by flooding.
"~I'
Policy 8.1.4: Examine the potential use of geothermal resources for recreational use (e.g., pools).
tilt",
Policy 8.1.5: Integrate parks and recreation facilities with the Master Plan for Trails and Bikeways.
.IIII~
Policy 8.1.6: Accommodate the recreational needs of the City's residents reflecting their unique social,
cultural, ethnic, and physical limitations in the design and programming of recreational spaces and facilities.
Policy 8.1.7: Continue to evaluate the community's recreational needs and the adequacy of the City's
recreational facilities and programs in meeting these needs.
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Policy 8.1.8: Inform the City residents of recreational programs through the internet, cable television,
newsletters, and other publications.
""
Policy 8.1.9: Initiate and attend joint meetings with the Forest Service, County Parks and Recreation
Department, and the state to coordinate the joint use of recreational facilities, and parkland acquisition, and
establish new recreational programs.
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Policy 8.1.10: Maintain and expand cooperative arrangements with the San Bernardino Unified School
District, City Municipal Water Department, Cal State San Bernardino and San Bernardino Valley College for
after hour and summertime use of parks, pools, concert halls, and other facilities.
......
Policy 8.2.1: Parks shall be designed in accordance with contemporary safety standards and "CPTED"
(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) principles.
Policy 8.2.2: Each park within the City shall be evaluated for safety and maintenance on an established
schedule.
...
Policy 8.2.3: Encourage local individuals and groups to contribute or plant trees (in accordance with a
prescribed tree planting plan) in neighborhood and community parks.
"'"
Policy 8.2.4: Develop master plans for each park to ensure that (a) the siting of buildings, open air facilities,
and landscape are unified, functionally related to efficiency, and compatible with adjacent uses; and
(b) landscape locations and species are coordinated with architectural and site design.
..
Policy 8.2.5: Design and develop parks to complement and reflect their natural environmental setting and
maximize their open space character.
...
Policy 8.2.6: Design and improve our parks according to the following:
· Locate parks on collector or neighborhood streets, so they are easily accessible to adjacent
residential neighborhoods;
-
· Site uses so that they do not adversely impact adjacent residences (e.g., locating high activity, noise
generating, and nighttime uses away from residences);
""
· Fulfill the particular needs of residents of the area they serve (Le., senior citizens, and families with
children);
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Page 5.] 3-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
. Provide for parking so that it does not disrupt abutting residences; and
. Incorporate landscape that "fits" with adjacent areas.
Policy 8.2.7: Install new and replace existing landscaping where it is severely deteriorated, inappropriately
located for park activities, and incompatible with other landscape and adjacent uses.
Policy 8.2.8: Ensure that all parks are adequately illuminated for safe use at night.
Policy 8.2.9: Provide for the supervision of park activities and promote enforcement of codes restricting
illegal activity.
Policy 8.2.10: Restrict and control nighttime park use so that adjacent residences are not adversely
affected.
Policy 8.3.1: Work cooperatively with appropriate regional agencies to facilitate development of trails that tie
into other facilities such as the Santa Ana River Trail system and provide facilities along the base of the
foothills, as well as connections between these facilities.
Policy 8.3.2: Establish multi-purpose trail system, along the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains,
Santa Ana River, Cajon and Lytle Creeks, and interconnecting linkages in collaboration with the U.S. Forest
Service, County of San Bernardino, City of Highland, Loma Linda, and other adjacent communities.
Policy 8.3.3: Establish a recreational greenbelt system linking the river and drainage corridors with the
mountains.
~
Policy 8.3.4: All new developments on designated routes shall provide bicycle and pedestrian routes linked
to adjacent facilities.
Policy 8.3.5: Provide routes accessible for disabled persons that link public facilities and commercial areas
to residential neighborhoods.
Policy 8.3.6: Adequate and secure bicycle storage facilities shall be provided for new institutional and non-
residential development.
Policy 8.3.7: Provide bicycle racks in public facilities and in activity centers.
Policy 8.3.8: Install of sidewalks and wheelchair ramps in existing neighborhoods.
Policy 8.3.9: Separate bikeway and trail systems from traffic and roadways wherever possible.
Policy 8.3.10: Provide clear separation of hikers, joggers, and equestrians where possible.
Policy 8.3.11: Seek the use of easements and rights-of-way from owners and continue to negotiate
agreements for the use of utility easements, flood controls channels, and railroad rights-of-way to expand its
park and trail system.
Policy 8.3.12: Incorporate the following features in multi-purpose trails, bike routes, and pedestrian paths:
· Special paving or markings at intersections,
. Clear and unobstructed signing and trail/lane markings,
. Improved signal phasing,
· Vehicular turning restrictions at intersections,
· Hearing impaired cross walk signals,
General Plan Update and ASJociated Specifir Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.13-7
5.
Environmental Analysis
'I'"
. Trees to provide shade,
. Safe and well lighted rest areas, and
· Coordinated street furniture including signs, trash receptacles, newspaper stands, and drinking
fountains.
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1ft"
Policy 8.4.1: Pursue the acquisition of surplus federal, state, and local lands to meet present and future
recreation and community service needs.
..'
Policy 8.4.2: Continue to require developers of residential subdivisions to provide fee contributions based
on the valuation of the units to fund parkland acquisition and improvements.
...
Policy 8.4.3: Fund new neighborhood parks from Quimby fees in residential areas of the City.
Policy 8.4.4: Grant Quimby fee waivers only when parklands in excess of five contiguous and usable acres
are received and when such waivers are determined to be in the best interest of City residents as certified by
the Mayor and Common Council on recommendation of the Parks and Recreation Department.
...
Policy 8.4.5: Continue and expand mechanisms by which the City may accept gifts and dedications of
parks, trails, open space, and facilities.
...
Policy 8.4.6: Consider the use of special taxes, sale of bonds, or assessment districts for park and trail
development and maintenance.
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Policy 8.4.7: Solicit funding for parkland and trail acquisition, improvement, maintenance, and
programming from state and federal agencies, as available.
....
Policy 8.4.8: Continue to provide financial support, including user fees and in-lieu fees, for summer lunch,
playground, swimming pool programs and recreational facilities, and other appropriate programs.
.....
Policy 8.4.9: Solicit state, federal and other agency revenue to fund recreational programs, as it is available.
Policy 8.4.10: The City shall not construct facilities without funding resources for long-term maintenance
and replacement costs.
p~
Policy 8.4.11: Installation and/or replacement of the recreational facilities and equipment and the bikeway
and trail system shall be carried out as part of the City's Capital Improvement Plan.
.-
Natural Resources and Conservation Element
Policy 12.2.3: Pursue voluntary open space or conservation easements to protect sensitive species or their
habitats.
-
Policy 12.3.1: Identify areas and formulate recommendations for the acquisition of property, including
funding, to establish a permanent corridor contiguous to the National Forest via Cable Creek and/or Devil
Canyon. The City shall consult with various federal, state and local agencies and City departments prior to
the adoption of any open space corridor plan.
-
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Policy 12.3.2: Seek to acquire real property rights of open space corridor parcels identified as being
suitable for acquisition.
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Policy 12.3.3: Establish the following habitat types as high-priority for acquisition as funds are available:
. Habitat of endangered species;
. Alluvial fan scrub vegetation;
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Page 5.] 3-8 . The Planning Center
JIIly 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
· Riparian vegetation dominated by willow, alder, sycamore, or native oaks; and native walnut
woodlands
Policy 12.3.4: Preserve and enhance the natural characteristics of the Santa Ana River, City Creek, and
Cajon Creek as habitat areas.
Policy 12.3.5: Delineate the habitats of the Santa Ana River Sucker (Catastomus santaanae) and Pacific
Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus carringtoni); develop recommendations for preservation and
enhancement of these habitats; and develop standards for development of adjacent lands.
5.13.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would include construction of 21.0 acres of private
parkland for future and surrounding area residents. Table 5.13-2 lists future parks that would be provided by
the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. In addition to private parks, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would
also provide for a proposed private trail system restricted to the Arrowhead Springs community.
Development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific plan also incorporates 199 acres of the site for an 18-hole
public golf course. This golf course would also provide open space areas for active recreation within the
planning area. In addition to active open space areas, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would set aside a
total of 1 ,400 acres as open space/watershed. The Specific Plan would take advantage of existing trails and
fire roads to provide access to the San Bernardino National Forest.
Parks Acreage
Botanical Garden 13.9
Village Walk Park 2.2
Fountain Park 0.2
Mudbath Park 0.7
Amphitheater Park 2.9
Oppidan Park 0.3
Hilltown Park 0.8
Total 21.0
Table 5.13-2
Proposed Park Facilities in the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
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AHS IMPACT 5.13-1: INCORPORATION AND SUBSEQUENT BUlLDOUT OF THE ARROWHEAD
SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD GENERATE ADDITIONAL RESIDENTS THAT
WOULD INCREASE THE USE OF EXISTING PARK AND RECREATIONAL
FACILITIES WITHIN THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO. [THRESHOLD R-1l
Impact Analysis: Annexation and subsequent development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would
create additional demand for park space and increase the use of existing park and recreational facilities
within the City of San Bernardino. The anticipated future population of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
area would be 4,233 residents, which would result in the need for approximately 21 acres of parkland to
satisfy the City requirement for parks in new developments. The closest existing park to the Arrowhead
Springs area is 24.2 acre Wildwood Park. This community park could serve the parkland needs of the future
residents located within the Arrowhead Springs development causing an increase in the use of this existing
park if no parks were built within the development. To satisfy neighborhood demand for parks, the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan incorporates a total of 21 acres of private parkland available for residents of
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plans EIR
City o/San Bernardino. Page 5. 13-9
5.
Environmental Analysis
"'if
the residential community and their guests, which satisfies the City requirement for parkland in the
Arrowhead Springs area. Furthermore, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area is nestled in the San
Bernardino Mountains, which is a vast resource for passive open space. The Specific Plan alone would
provide approximately 1,400 acres of open space much of it adjacent to the San Bernardino National Forest.
"'
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AHS IMPACT 5.13-2: BUILDOUT OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN AREA WOULD
RESUL T IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO PROVIDE NEW AND/OR EXPANDED
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES. [THRESHOLD R-2]
..
Impact Analysis: Buildout of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan area includes plans and guidelines for
future construction of private parkland and trails. Some proposed recreational facilities and trails have the
potential to impact sensitive biological areas within San Bernardino Mountains and the Specific Plan area
either directly or through improved access and increased use. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan also
includes 199-acres for the development of a commercial recreational use: The golf course along the
drainage of West Twin Creek. Development of the golf course would result in modification of the existing
natural environment. Additional discussion on environmental effects of golf course construction can be found
in Section 5.3, Biological Resources and Section 5.7, Hydrology.
""
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!II"
5.13.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
. The City of San Bernardino has implemented a Park and Recreation construction fee on new mobile
home and residential dwelling units constructed in the City, as allowed under the Quimby Act. Any
person securing a building permit to construct a residential dwelling unit, or install electrical and/or
plumbing equipment to provide service to a mobile home shall pay the following rates: (1) one
percent of the cost of the improvements for each single family dwelling constructed, as determined
by the building permit; (2) one percent of the cost of the improvements for each residential dwelling
unit constructed in a multi-family dwelling containing two or more residential dwelling units, as
determined by the building permit; or (3) one percent of the cost of the improvements of $650.00 for
each mobile home park subdivision, as determined by the building permit. This fee is assessed on
new construction or modification of existing structures. Fees are to be paid to the Development
Services Department. Fees collected are placed in a special fund known as the Park and Recreation
Construction Fee Fund. (Chapter 19.30.320 of the City of San Bernardino Development Code)
...
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· Chapter 19.30.320 of the City of San Bernardino Development Code also allows for credit for land
and improvements which are dedicated in fee to public recreation and park purposes, in place of
Park and Recreation Construction fees, where a public park or recreational facility has been
designated in the General Plan and is to be located in whole or in part within the proposed
subdivision and is reasonably related to serving the needs of the residents of that subdivision. Under
these conditions, the subdivider shall dedicate land for park and recreational facilities sufficient in
size and physical characteristics to meet that purpose. This Chapter of the Development Code also
provides for the requirement of land dedication or acceptance of in-lieu fees pursuant to Section
66477 of the State Subdivision Map Act (the Quimby Act). The amount of dedicated land and any
conditions are determined by mutual agreement between the City and the dedicator. (Chapter
19.30.320 of the City of San Bernardino Development Code)
...
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5.13.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
5_13.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
...
Upon implementation of General Plan policies and programs. regulatory requirements. and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
...
Page 5.13-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
M~
5. Environmental Analysis
GP Impact 5.13-1
GP Impact 5.13-2
Buildout of the San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increased demand
for parkland and increased usage of existing parkland within the City of San Bernar-
dino and SOl areas. However, each development within the City would be required
to assess their contribution to the need for parkland and pay the appropriate Park
and Recreation construction fee or dedicate land as mandated by Section 19.30 of
the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code for future acquisition and construction of
parkland.
Implementation of the General Plan is not a construction project. Although exten-
sion of the multi-use trails and bicycle system may result in impacts to sensitive
biological areas within the City, individual projects would be subject to independent
review under CEQA to identify potential impacts and provide mitigation if
necessary.
5.13.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.13-1
Annexation and subsequent development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
would increase demand for parkland in the City of San Bernardino. However, the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan provides for approximately 1 ,400 acres of passive
open space in addition to 21 acres of private parkland for area residents.
AHS Impact5.13-2
The following impacts would be potentially significant without mitigation:
Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in improved
access to the recreation areas and development of a 199-acre public golf course.
Development of the golf course would result in direct impacts to West Twin Creek
and its natural biotic community. A discussion these impacts can be found in
Section 5.3, Biological Resources.
~
5.13.6 Mitigation Measures
Impacts GP 5.13-1, GP 5.13-2, and AHS 5.13-1 were found to be less than significant and therefore no
mitigation measures are required.
AHS 5.13-2
Project applicant shall adhere to mitigation measures (AHS 5.3-1, AHS 5.3-2A, AHS
5.3-2B, AHS 5.3-2C, AHS 5.3-4A, AHS 5.3-4B) as detailed in Section 5.3 which are
established to reduce the impact to the biological resources of West Twin Creek.
5.13.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impacts GP 5.13-1, OP 5.13-2 and AHS 5.13-1 were found to be less than significant and would not require
mitigation measures. The mitigation measure identified above for Impact AHS 5.3-2 would reduce the one
potential impact associated with recreation to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant
unavoidable adverse impacts relating to recreation have been identified.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.13-11
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.13-12 . The Planning Center
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.14 TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC
This section of the EIR evaluates traffic and transportation impacts of the General Plan update and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan based upon an analysis for each project prepared by Transtech Engineers
which can be found in Appendix F of Volume II (General Plan) and Appendix H of Volume III for the Specific
Plan.
Standards and Definitions
Level of Service and VIC Ratio
An important "standard" referred to throughout this document relates to the ability of a roadway andlor
intersection to accommodate traffic. This level of service standard may be used to describe both existing and
future traffic conditions. Level of service (LOS) is a qualitative ranking that characterizes traffic congestion on
a scale of A to F with LOS A being a free-flow condition and LOS F representing extreme congestion.
In addition to the LOS definition, a volume to capacity ratio or V/C ratio is used to provide a more quantified
description of traffic conditions at intersections. The V/C ratio is the ratio of existing or projected traffic
volumes to an intersection's design capacity. A V/C ratio of 0.90 for an intersection means that the traffic
volumes at the intersection represent 90 percent of its design capacity. The V/C ratio can also be related to
the above LOS definitions. For example, an intersection with a V/C ratio exceeding 0.95 is handling traffic
volumes that approach design capacity. The V/C ratio of 0.95 corresponds to LOS E, which indicates an
unacceptable level of service at that particular intersection.
The thresholds corresponding to each level of service and V/C ratios for unsignalized and signalized
intersections are shown in the following table:
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Table 5.14-1
Level of Service and VIC Standards
Two-Way or All-Way Stop Controlled
Level 01 VIC Ratio Intersection Signalized Intersection
Service (Volume to Capacity) Average Delay per Vehicle (see) Average Delay per Vehicle (see)
A 0.0-0.60 0-10 <10
B 0.61-0.70 > 10-15 > 10-20
C 0.71-0.80 > 15-25 > 20-35
D 0.81-0.90 > 25-35 > 35-55
E 0.91-1.00 > 35-50 > 55-80
F > 1.00 > 50 > 80 or a Vie ratio equal
or greater than 1.0
Source: City of San Bernardrno General Plan Update: 2004. Circulation Impact & Mltlgallon Measures; Transtech Engineers
LOS D is the minimum acceptable threshold at all key intersections in the City of San Bernardino. However,
for roadways, the City's minimum threshold is LOS C. The traffic study guidelines require that traffic
mitigation measures be identified to provide for operations at the minimum threshold levels.
General Plan Update and ASJOciated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.14-1
5. Environmental Analysis
.'1
Roadway Capacity Standards and Passenger Car Equivalents
The following is a list of roadway capacity standards for various types of facilities, used in the roadway
capacity analysis for the General Plan:
. 4-lane Major Arterial:
. 2-lane Major Arterial:
. 4-lane Secondary Arterial:
. 2-lane Secondary Arterial:
. 4-lane Collector Street:
. 2-lane Collector Street:
..,
40,000 vehicles per day
15,000 vehicles per day
30,000 vehicles per day
12,000 vehicles per day
25,000 vehicles per day
10,000 vehicles per day
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Also, in determining passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors for various trucks, the following factors were
used:
. 2-axle Trucks:
. 3-axle Trucks:
. 4- or more axle Trucks:
'"'
Equivalent to 2.0 passenger cars
Equivalent to 2.5 passenger cars
Equivalent to 3.0 passenger cars
....
San Bernardino County Congestion Management Program (CMP)
Proposition 111, passed in June 1990, provided additional transportation funding through a $.09 per gallon
increase in the state gas tax. This equates to an estimated annual return of more than $6.25 per person for
cities within San Bernardino County, and $7.1 million for the County. Included with the provision for
additional transportation funding was a requirement to undertake a Congestion Management Program within
each county with an urbanized area of more than 50,000 population, to be developed and adopted by a
designated Congestion Management Agency (CMA). Within San Bernardino County, SAN BAG was
designated the CMA by the County Board of Supervisors and a majority of the cities representing a majority
of the incorporated population. CMP Roadways and Intersections in the City are identified throughout this
analysis with the "CMP" identifier.
5.14.1 Environmental Setting
5.14.1.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Roadways
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The City of San Bernardino has a circulation system consisting of major and secondary arterial roadways,
collector roadways, and local streets.
Major Arterials accommodate six or eight travel lanes and may have raised medians. These facilities carry
high traffic volumes and are the primary thoroughfares linking San Bernardino with adjacent cities and the
regional highway system. Driveway access to these roadways is typically limited to provide efficient high
volume traffic flow. Major Arterials include Waterman Avenue, Mount Vernon Avenue, Highland Avenue, and
Baseline Street.
....
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Secondary Arterials are typically four-lane streets, providing two lanes in each direction. These highways
carry traffic along the perimeters of major developments, provide support to the major arterials, and are also
through streets enabling traffic to travel uninterrupted for longer distances through the City. Secondary
Arterials Include Little Mountain Drive, 9th Street, Arrowhead Avenue (North of 5th Street), and Sierra Way.
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Page 5.] 4-2 . The Planning Center
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June 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Collector Streets are typically two-lane streets that connect the local streets with the secondary arterials
allowing local traffic to access the regional transportation facilities. Collector Streets include California Street,
6th Street, Arrowhead Avenue (north of 30th Street) and Meridian Avenue.
Local Streets are typically two-lane streets that are designed to serve neighborhoods within residential areas.
There are several variations on local streets depending on location, length of the street, and type of land use.
Freeways and Highways
Freeways/Highways are controlled-access, separated roadways that provide for high volumes of vehicular
traffic at high speeds. There are three freeways within the City of San Bernardino and one State highway:
The San Bernardino Freeway (1-10) is the major east-west freeway providing access west to Los Angeles and
east to the desert communities and beyond.
Interstate 215 provides north-south freeway access to Riverside and San Diego counties to the south and the
high desert communities to the north.
Interstate 21 0 provides local east-west service between 1-215 and State Route 330 (SR-330). As of 2005, this
freeway was under construction and was also known as State Route 30 (SR-30) and will become the future
1-210 when completed.
State Route 18 (SR-18) provides a connection from 1-210 to the mountain resorts/communities of Lake
Gregory.
Rail
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San Bernardino includes both major (main line) and minor (spurs) railroads that accommodate both freight
and passenger rail services. Both Amtrak and Metrolink provide long-distance passenger train service from
the Historic Depot in San Bernardino.
Amtrak trains operate west to Los Angeles; southeast to Palm Springs on to Florida; and northeast to
Needles on to Illinois.
Commuter Rail service is provided by the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA), which
operates the Metrolink train service. The City of San Bernardino is served by the San Bernardino Line, which
is Metrolink's busiest line, with a station located at the historic Santa Fe Depot. The San Bernardino Line
connects rapidly growing San Bernardino County with the communities of the San Gabriel Valley and
downtown Los Angeles. The San Bernardino Line is currently the only line with service seven days a week.
On weekdays, there are 15 round trips per day on the San Bernardino Line with about half of them during
commute hours, but with close to hourly service in the mid-day.
Transit
Bus Service
Public transportation in the San Bernardino area is provided by Omnitrans, the regional Public Transit
operator for San Bernardino County. Omnitrans operates 21 local-fixed routes, 14 of which serve the San
Bernardino Planning Area. General service hours are between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., Monday through
Saturday.
The Southern California Rapid Transit District provides express bus service between San Bernardino-
Riverside and Los Angeles (Line 496) under contract with Omnitrans and the Riverside Transit Agency.
Service is provided Sunday through Saturday.
Genera! Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 14- 3
5. Environmental Analysis
Intercity bus service is provided to downtown San Bernardino by Greyhound and Continental Trailways that
recently merged. The Greyhound bus depot is at 6th and G Streets.
,IINr,
Omnitrans periodically updates its service plan through the preparation of a Short Range Transit Plan
(SRTP), which evaluates service for a five-year period. A SRTP for the years 2004-2009 has recently been
adopted and includes some changes in routes within San Bernardino. A current route, schedule, and rate
map can be obtained from Omnitrans.
-
Demand/Response System
Omnitrans provides San Bernardino residents that qualify for service under the Americans with Disabilities
Act with a demand/response transportation system known as "Access." A resident may call and request a
pick-up and delivery to a requested destination on a space-available basis with a reservation made 24 hours
in advance.
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Existing Traffic Conditions
This section summarizes the existing circulation conditions in the City of San Bernardino. Eighty
intersections, 23 roadway segments and 12 freeway segments were included in the study area for analysis.
The analysis is based on the existing amount of traffic volume on various street corridors and the capacity of
the streets and intersections to carry traffic. The capacity measures the ability of the street system to meet
and serve the demands from traffic. The capacity of a roadway is affected by a number of factors, e.g., the
street width, the number of travel lanes, the number of crossing streets, the type oftraffic control devices, the
presence of on-street parking, the number of access driveways, the streets horizontal and vertical
alignments, etc.
...
..
For the study area intersections, the TRAFFIX computer software, Version 7.6 has been utilized to determine
intersection levels of service. Levels of service are presented for the entire intersection, consistent with the
Highway Capacity Manual's Operation Delay (HCM) methodology. While the level of service concepts and
analysis methodology provide an indication of the performance of the entire intersection, the single letter
grade A through F cannot describe specific operational deficiencies at intersections. Progression, queue
formation, and left-turn storage are examples of the operational issues that affect the performance of an
intersection, but do not factor into the strict calculation of level of service. However, the TRAFFIX software
does provide an output that quantifies operational features at intersections, such as vehicle clearance, queue
formation, and left-turn storage requirements.
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O!!"I'"
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Existing LOS and V/C Ratios
Existing traffic counts were conducted at various roadway segments and major intersections in 2003 to
determine existing V/C and LOS at these facilities. The LOS of roadway segments is based on average daily
traffic (ADT) volumes and their traffic handling capacities on a daily basis. The LOS of intersections is based
on traffic volumes at the intersections during the AM and PM peak hours and the traffic handling capacity of
the intersection's critical lane. Truck trips have been converted to passenger car equivalents (PCE) for
consistency of analysis. The results are shown in Table 5.14-2 for intersections and Table 5.14.3 for local
roadway segments. CMP intersections and local roadway segments are noted in bold typeface. Intersection
peak hour volumes and LOS calculation sheets are shown in Appendix F of Volume II. Most 24-hour volumes
were based on existing vehicle classification counts conducted for this study and converted into passenger
equivalents (pce) using appropriate factors for various types of trucks. Some volumes were obtained from
various sources in pce.
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Existing (1999) traffic volume, V/C ratio and LOS for various freeway segments is shown in Table 5.14-4. This
information was obtained from the 2003 San Bernardino County CMP Update.
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Page 5.14-4 . The Planning Center
June 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-2
Intersection Level of Service Summary
Existing (2003) Conditions
Delay
Intersection Peak Hour LOS seclveh vie Ratio
30th Street @ Lynwood Drive AM B 11.3 -
PM A 7.2 -
Arden Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 39.1 0.687
PM C 34.2 0.633
Arden Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps AM B 16.5 0.339
PM B 14.2 0.345
Arden Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps AM A 0 -
PM A 0 -
Arrowhead Avenue @ Baseline Street AM B 14.7 0.724
PM D 38.3 1.043
Belmont Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM B 10.1 0.354
PM A 8.5 0.232
Boulder Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 33.8 0.245
PM C 34.6 0.490
Del Rosa Avenue @ Baseline Street AM C 21.4 0.395
PM C 24.7 0.396
Del Rosa Avenue @ Date Street AM B 20 0.380
PM C 23 0.527
Del Rosa Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM B 11.2 -
PM B 11.5 - .
Del Rosa Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 14.8 0.270
PM B 13.9 0.339
Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-3D EB Ramp AM C 24.4 0.579
PM C 29 0.810
Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-3D WB Ramp AM C 22.8 0.795
PM C 27.4 0.855
Del Rosa Avenue @ Third Street AM C 27.5 0.398
PM C 31.1 0.469
E Street @ 2nd Street AM C 24.3 0.505
PM C 34.2 0.576
E Street @ 30th Street AM B 14.8 0.476
PM B 12.6 0.562
E Street @ Baseline Street AM B 18 0.407
PM B 19.4 0.566
E Street @ Highland Avenue AM B 18.6 0.765
PM C 21.7 0.400
E Street @ Orange Show Road AM C 27.2 0.423
PM D 37.5 0.631
Harrison Street @ 40th Street AM B 12.1 -
PM B 13.3 -
Hospitality Lane @ Carnegie Drive AM C 27 0.536
PM D 41.1 0.906
Hunts Lane @ E Street AM F OVL -
PM F OVL -
I Street @ 2nd Street AM B 14.1 0.189
General Plan Update and A Jfo(Zated Specific Plam EIR
City of Sew Bernardino . Page 5.14-5
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5. Environmental Analysis
Intersection Peak Hour Delay
LOS seclveh vie Ratio
PM B 13.6 0.221
K Street @ 3rd Street AM A 9.8
PM A 9.3
Kendall Drive @ 40th Street AM C 21.7 0.169
PM C 25.9 0.436
Kendall Drive @ Palm Avenue AM C 26.2 0.572
PM C 23.9 0.480
Kendall Drive @ University Parkway AM C 32.2 0.490
PM C 28.6 0.595
Lena Road @ Mill Street AM B 18.1 0.178
PM B 18 0.206
Leroy/SR-30 WB On-Ramp @ 30.h Street AM B 17.2 0.598
PM B 17.4 0.401
Meridian Avenue @ Rlalto Avenue AM E 36.3 -
PM F 75.1
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Baseline AM C 20.1 0.458
PM C 23.3 0.532
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ 2nd Street AM B 19.8 0.454
PM C 30 0.643
Mt.. Vernon Avenue @ 5th Street AM C 22.5 0.405
PM C 22.5 0.489
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 27.8 0.617
PM C 27.5 0.679
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 30.4 0.520
PM C 31.7 0.677
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.5 0.292
PM B 14 0.384
Mountain View Avenue @ San Bernardino AM B 12.9 0.535
PM F 90.2 1.36
Northpark Boulevard @ Fairview Drive AM A 9
PM A 9.6
Northpark Boulevard @ Sierra Way AM B 10.4
PM C 16.1
Northpark Boulevard @ University Parkway AM C 21.4 0.284
PM D 39.6 0.689
Ohio Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM A 9.9
PM A 9.6
Palm Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 35.8 0.288
PM C 32.4 0.520
Pepper Avenue @ Milt Street AM C 33.1 0.465
PM C 30.4 0.450
Pepper Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.6 0366
PM B 16.4 0.496
Pepper Avenue @ Valley Boulevard AM C 31.2 0.746
PM C 31.7 0.755
Table 5.14-2
Intersection Level of Service Summary
Existing (2003) Conditions
..
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Page 5.14-6 . The Planning Center
June 2005
....
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-2
Intersection Level of Service Summary
Existing (2003) Conditions
Intersection Peak Hour Delay
LOS sec/veh vie Ratio
Rancho Avenue @ 5th StreeVFoothill AM F 119.6
PM F OVL
Sierra Way @ 30th Street AM B 15 0.255
PM B 15 0.361
Sierra Way @ 40th Street AM B 19 0.270
PM C 21.3 0.432
SR-30 EB Ramps @ Highland Avenue AM 0 35.8 0.288
PM B 18.5 0.464
SR-30 WB Off-Ramp @ 30th Street AM F 298.3
PM F 946.1
SR-30 WB Ramps @ Highland Avenue AM B 15.7 0.385
PM B 14.2 0.469
State Street @ Baseline Street AM B 15.4 0.480
PM A 5.5 0.335
State Street @ Highland Avenue AM A 8.7 0.499
PM A 9.3 0.594
Sterling Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM A 7.8 0.156
PM A 7.9 0.131
Sterling Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 29.6 0.328
PM A 7.9 0.131
Sterling Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 12.5 0.463
PM B 12.6 0.437
Tippecanoe Avenue @ 3rd Street AM C 26.5 0.464
PM C 32.5 0.698
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Harry Shepard AM C 22.7 0.482
PM C 20.2 0.828
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM B 12.2
PM C 25.3 0.621
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Mill Street AM B 13.4 0.454
PM C 22.2 0.790
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM 0 25.6
PM F 102.6
Tippecanoe Avenue @ San Bernardino AM C 33.1 0.421
PM 0 42.1 0.828
Valencia Avenue @ 30th Street AM B 14.7 0.233
PM B 14.8 0.257
Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street AM A 9.9 0.305
PM B 11.5 0.412
Victoria Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM 0 36.1 0.602
PM 0 39.9 0.683
Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street AM C 27.1 0.801
PM C 23.4 0.654
Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street AM 0 26.2
PM 0 29.9
Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street AM E 37.9
PM C 23.8
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.14-7
~
5. Environmental Analysis
\!II""
Table 5.14-2
Intersection Level of Service Summary
....
Existing (2003) Conditions
Delay
Intersection Peak Hour LOS seclveh Vie Ratio
Waterman Avenue @ 40th Street AM C 26.1 0.637
PM C 24.8 0.506
Waterman Avenue @ Barton Road AM C 25.7 0.663
PM 0 40.3 0.944
Waterman Avenue @ 5th Street AM E 63 1.081
PM F 256.2 1.593
Waterman Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM 0 36.4 0.482
PM 0 39.2 0.650
Waterman Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM C 30.5 0.715
PM 0 46.8 0.984
Waterman Avenue @ Marshall Boulevard AM A 3.2 0.507
PM A 4.0 0.451
Waterman Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 29.8 0.354
PM 0 35.2 0.540
Waterman Avenue @ Orange Show Road AM C 38 0.425
PM 0 35.7 0.652
Waterman Avenue @ Parkdale Avenue AM B 10.4 0.592
PM B 11.1 0.501
Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramp AM C 32.3 0.852
PM F 90.4 1.171
Waterman Avenue @ Vanderbilt Way AM B 19.6 0.358
PM C 23.3 0.584
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As shown in Table 5.14-2, the following intersections are currently operating at an unacceptable LOS, i.e.,
the LOS at these intersections is worse than LOS 0 (LOS E or F):
11.'-,-,
. Hunts Lane @ E Street
. Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
. Mountain View Avenue @ San Bernardino Avenue
. Rancho Avenue @ 5th Street/Foothill Boulevard
. SR-30 WB Off-Ramp @ 30th Street
. Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
. Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street
· Waterman Avenue @ 5th Street (CMP intersection)
· Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramp (CMP intersection)
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Page 5.14-8 . The Planning Center
June 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Freeway Segment Peak Existing Conditions
Freeway From To Hour air. Capacity Volume VIC LOS
AM EB 11,000 7,753 0,705 C
1-10 Jct.I-215 Waterman Avenue WB 11,000 10,482 0.953 E
PM EB 11,000 10,482 0.953 E
WB 11,000 7,753 0.705 C
AM EB 8,800 6,347 0.721 C
1-10 Waterman Avenue Tippecanoe Avenue WB 8,800 8,600 0.977 E
EB 8,800 8,600 0.977 E
PM WB 8,800 6,347 0.721 C
AM EB 8,800 6,305 0.716 C
1-10 Tippecanoe Avenue Mountain View WB 8,800 8,537 0.970 E
EB 8,800 8,537 0.970 E
PM WB 8,800 6,305 0.716 C
AM EB 4,400 684 0.155 A
SR-30 Highland Avenue Jct.I-215 WB 4,400 842 0.191 A
EB 4,400 842 0.191 A
PM WB 4,400 684 0.155 A
AM EB 4,400 1,421 0.323 A
SR-30 Jct. 1-215 H Street WB 4,400 1,737 0.395 A
PM EB 4,400 1,737 0.395 A
WB 4,400 1,421 0.323 A
AM EB 4,400 1,463 0.333 A
SR-30 H Street SR-259 WB 4,400 1,800 0.409 A
PM EB 4,400 1,800 0.409 A
WB 4,400 1,463 0.333 A
AM EB 6,600 3,000 0.455 A
SR-30 SR-259 Waterman Avenue WB 6,600 3,667 0.556 A
PM EB 6,600 3,667 0.556 A
WB 6,600 3,000 0.455 A
AM EB 6,600 3,000 0.455 A
SR-30 Waterman Avenue Del Rosa Drive WB 6,600 3,667 0.556 A
PM EB 6,600 3,667 0.556 A
WB 6,600 3,000 0.455 A
AM NB 8,800 7,211 0.819 0
1-215 Jct.I-10 Orange Show Road SB 8,800 7,211 0.819 D
NB 8,800 7,211 0.819 D
PM SB 8,800 7,211 0.819 D
AM NB 8,800 6,789 0.771 C
1-215 Orange Show Road Inland Center Drive SB 8,800 6,789 0.771 C
NB 8,800 6,789 0.771 C
PM SB 8,800 6,789 0.771 C
AM NB 6,600 5,116 0.775 C
1-215 Jct. Route 66 Baseline Street SB 6,600 6,253 0.947 E
PM NB 6,600 6,253 0.947 E
SB 6,600 5,116 0.775 C
AM NB 4,400 2,232 0.507 A
1-215 Jct. SR-30 University Parkway SB 4,400 3,347 0.761 C
NB 4,400 3,347 0.761 C
PM SB 4,400 2,232 0.507 A
Tabte 5.14-4
Existing (1999) Freeway Segments Volume/Capacity and LOS
Note: Existing volumes are taken from the San Bernardino County CMP, 2003 Update.
General Plan Update and ASJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino -Page 5.14-11
5.
Environmental Analysis
....
All freeway segments are currently operating at the CMP acceptable LOS of E or better.
-
5.14.1.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The existing Arrowhead Springs resort area is accessed from SR-18 (Rim of the World Highway) via Old
Waterman Canyon Road and Arrowhead Springs Road. Entrance to the gated private property is restricted to
employees and business guests. Old Waterman Canyon Road is a two-lane roadway with access currently
restricted to local residents while on-going flood repairs are taking place. All roadways within the Arrowhead
Springs property are two-lane.
-
,.,~
Existing Traffic Conditions within the Study Area
The traffic study area for potential impacts due to the Arrowhead Springs project was determined to include 8
roadway sections and 14 intersections in San Bernardino south of the Arrowhead Springs property. The
analysis of existing conditions is based on the existing amount of traffic volume on various street corridors
and the capacity of the streets and intersections to carry traffic. Capacity measures the ability of the street
system to meet and serve the demands from traffic. The capacity of a roadway is affected by a number of
factors, e.g., the street width, the number of travel lanes, the number of crossing streets, the type of traffic
control devices, the presence of on-street parking, the number of access driveways, the streets horizontal
and vertical alignments, etc.
-
-
Existing LOS and Vie Ratios
Milfl'.
Daily traffic (ADT) counts as well as peak hour traffic counts of turn movements were conducted during the
months of March and April, 2003 to determine existing traffic volume conditions. The capacity and level of
service (LOS) calculations were also conducted for peak hour traffic conditions at these mid-block locations.
The TRAFFIX intersection capacity software version 7.6, based on Highway Capacity Manual's Operation
Delay methodology was used in intersection LOS calculations. The results are shown in Table 5-14-5 for
roadway segments and Table 5.14-6 for intersections. CMP roadway segments are shown in bold type face.
No CMP intersections are located in the study area for Arrowhead Springs. Intersection peak hour volumes
and LOS calculation sheets are shown in Appendix F of Volume II.
","I
-'
Table 5.14-5
Existing 2003 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and LOS on Roadways in the
Vicinity of Arrowhead Springs
-
Existing 2003 Conditions
Capacity Volume,
No. of Veh/Day VehlDay VIC
Roadways Facility Type Lanes (C) (V) Ratio LOS
Highway 18 N/O Waterman Avenue Major Arterial 4 40,000 19,194 0.480 A
Waterman Avenue SIO 40th Street Major Arterial 4 40,000 17,170 0.429 A
Waterman Avenue N/O 30th Street Major Arterial 4 40,000 21,220 0.531 A
40th Street E/O Waterman Avenue Major Arterial 4 40,000 10,150 0.254 A
Harrison Street S/O 40th Street Secondary Arterial 2 12,000 960 0.080 A
Sterling Avenue S/O Foothill Drive Major Arterial 2 15,000 1,510 0.101 A
Valencia Avenue S/O 40th Street Secondary Arterial 2 12,000 4,110 0.343 A
Valencia Avenue N/O 30th Street Secondary Arterial 2 12,000 4,320 0.360 A
. .
....
...
....
Note: EXisting ADT volumes were determined based on Caltrans publications, existing 24-hour traffic counts or peak hour traffic counts, assuming
that PM peak hour volume represents approx. 10% of ADT volumes.
..
...
Page 5.14-12 . The Planning Center
July 2005
-
5. Environmental Analysis
Existing Conditions
Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay VIC
Waterman Avenue at 40th Street AM C 25.3 0.592
PM C 29.3 0.47
Waterman Avenue at Parkdale Drive AM B 10.5 0.573
PM B 11.3 0.485
Waterman Avenue at 36th Street (Unsignalized) AM D 33.6 -
PM C 21.6 -
Waterman Avenue at 34th Street (Unsignalized) AM D 26.0 -
PM D 29.4 -
Waterman Avenue at Marshall Boulevard AM A 3.2 0.486
PM A 4.0 0.433
Waterman Avenue at 30th Street AM C 25.5 0.7 47
PM C 22.9 0.609
Valencia Avenue at 40th Street AM B 9.9 0.300
PM B 11.3 0.332
Harrison Street at 40th Street (Unsignalized) AM B 12.1 -
PM B 13.3 -
Del Rosa Avenue at Foothill Boulevard (Unsignalized) AM B 11.2 -
PM B 11.5 -
Sterling Avenue at Foothill Boulevard AM A 7.8 0.156
PM A 7.9 0.131
Valencia Avenue at 30th Street AM B 14.7 0.231
PM B 14.9 0.255
Del Rosa Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 15.8 0.429
PM B 15.3 0.556
Sterling Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 12.5 0.462
PM B 12.6 0.437
30th Street at Lynwood Drive (Unsignalized) AM B 13.3 -
PM B 14.2 -
Table 5.14-6
Existing 2003 Intersection Level of Service Conditions
Note: Vie ratios are not calculated for un signalized intersections.
As Tables 5.14-5 and 5.14-6 show, there are no signalized intersections that operate below the acceptable
LOS D (i.e., LOS E or F); however, three intersections currently operate at the threshold (LOS D). Similarly,
all roadway segments operate above the acceptable LOS C.
5.14.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project could:
T-1
Cause an increase in traffic which is substantial in relation to the existing traffic load
and capacity of the street system (i.e., result in a substantial increase in either the
number of vehicle trips, the volume to capacity ratio on roads, or congestion at
intersections).
General Plan Update and AJSociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.] 4-] 3
5. Environmental Analysis
:W"
T-2
Exceed, either individually or cumulatively, a level of service standard established
by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways.
-
T-3
Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels
or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks.
Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or
dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment).
...
T-4
-
T-5
Result in inadequate emergency access.
T-6
Result in inadequate parking capacity.
...'
T-7
Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative trans-
portation (e.g., bus turnouts, bicycle racks).
The Initial Study, included as Appendix A, Volume II, substantiates that impacts associated with the following
thresholds would be less than significant: T-7. Therefore, this topic will not be addressed in the following
analysis.
-~
....
A project's traffic impact is determined based upon whether or not traffic volume associated with the project
deteriorates the level of service at an intersection location to an unacceptable LOS E or F and for roadway
segments below LOS C.
-
According to the City of San Bernardino Traffic Impact Study Guidelines, traffic impacts at an intersection are
to be considered "significant" when any of the following changes in the volume to capacity (V/C) ratios occur
between the "without project" and the "with project" conditions:
""""
LOS
C
o
E and F
vie with Project Increases
> 0.0400
> 0.0200
> 0.0100
*'"
"""
The LOS and V/C ratios above are based on the delay methodology outlined in the Highway Capacity
Manual.
N"
5.14.3 Environmentallmpacts
'""
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
-
5.14.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
-
Through the General Plan update, the City has identified a number of roadway improvements, reclassi-
fication, and addition/deletion of certain roadway segments in order to improve its circulation conditions to
handle existing as well as future traffic volumes. There are approximately 64 changes throughout the City
that are proposed as part of the Circulation Element for General Plan, which are listed in Volume II, Appendix
F. For the future traffic conditions analysis, these improvements have been assumed to be in place in the
circulation system. The proposed Circulation Plan for the General Plan update is shown on Figure 5.14-1.
"",,1
..'
Page 5.14-14 . The Planning Center
Jt"y 2005
-
5. Environmental Analysis
Focused Travel Demand Model
As part of this circulation system analysis, a focused travel demand model was developed to analyze the
traffic impacts of projected development within the City, including Arrowhead Springs, at "build-out" of
the proposed General Plan. The latest version of the RIVSAN CTP Model, which has a year 2000 base-year
and year 2030 as the horizon year, was used. The City and its Sphere of Influence are comprised of
approximately 564 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) in this model.
Land use quantities (in acres) were estimated for the build-out conditions for each of the TAZs. These land
use quantities were then converted to the number of single and multiple dwelling units, population, retail,
and total employment. The CTP model highway network was also obtained from SCAG and refined by
adding secondary and collector streets and zonal connectors (per the City's recommended network
modification/improvement list) to represent a more detailed network consistent with the finer zone system.
The model input data for the disaggregated TAZs were submitted to SCAG Inland Empire Office. From these
data, SCAG generated trips for all study area zones. The EVTM model was run using these new build-out
trips in the project area. Trip generation, distribution, and mode choice functions for the model were carried
out and the four-period trip tables (AM, PM peak, mid-day and night-time) were provided to the General Plan
team. The team performed traffic assignments for all four periods and combined them to generate total daily
volumes. These daily trip volumes were assigned to the City of San Bernardino's future planned circulation
network with the total trips shown below:
Table 5.14-7
Total Daily Trips at General Plan Buildout
Daily Trips at Build-out Proposed General Plan
From San Bernardino TAZs 10 All SCAG TAZs 793,557
To San Bernardino TAZs from All SCAG TAZs 797,888
Total 1,591.445
Source: City of San Bernardino General Plan Update: 2004, Circulation Impact & Mitigation Measures; Transtech Engineers
General Plan Update and Associated Sjiecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 14-15
5. Environmental Analysis
-
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July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.14-1:
TRIP GENERA nON A T BUILD-OUT OF THE GENERAL PLAN WOULD IMPACT
LEVELS OF SERVICE FOR THE EXISTING AREA ROADWAY SYSTEM.
[THRESHOLD T-1}
Impact Analysis: The future build-out traffic conditions within the City were analyzed based on the traffic
volume data obtained from EVTM runs. The traffic volume data were post-processed using the "B-Turns"
program per SAN BAG's requirement. The year 2030 was considered to determine the impacts of the
proposed General Plan in comparison with existing conditions.
Tables 5.14-8 and 5.14-9 show the results of intersection and roadway LOS analysis for 2030 under existing
conditions and with proposed General Plan. This table shows the roadway segments LOS for 2030 under
existing conditions and with the proposed General Plan. The projected volumes were divided by the
assumed future capacities to identify the future volume/capacity ratios, LOS, potential future capacity
deficiencies and expected congestion problems. Intersection peak hour volumes and LOS calculation sheets
are shown in Volume II, Appendix F. CMP intersections are shown in bold typeface in Table 5.14-7. Table
5.14-10 shows the results of the freeway segments analysis with existing conditions and buildout of the
General Plan update.
Table 5.14-8
Intersection Level of Service Summary for Future Conditions (2030)
Existing Conditions Gen. Plan Conditions
2003 2030
Peak Delay, VIC Delay, VIC G.P.
Intersection Hour LOS sec/veh Ratio LOS seclveh Ratio Impact
30th Street @ Lynwood Drive AM B 11.3 - A 9.7 0
PM A 7.2 - B 11.5 0
Arden Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 39.1 0.687 C 34.9 0.707
PM C 34.2 0.633 D 46.1 0.892
Arden Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps AM B 16.5 0.339 B 15.7 0.417
PM B 14.2 0.345 B 18.2 0.583
Arden Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps AM 0.0 - - A 0.0 0.000
PM 0.0 - - A 0.0 0.000
Arrowhead Avenue @ Baseline Street AM B 14.7 0.724 B 12.6 0.430
PM D 38.3 1.043 B 16.5 0.531
Belmont Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM B 10.1 0.354 A 8.1 0.178
PM A 8.5 0.232 A 7.9 0.147
Boulder Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 33.8 0.245 C 25.0 0.320
PM C 34.6 0.490 C 29.3 0.658
Del Rosa Avenue @ 3rd Street AM C 27.5 0.398 D 39.5 0.679
PM C 31.1 0.469 D 47.4 0.839
Del Rosa Avenue @ Base Line Street AM C 21.4 0.395 D 36.2 0.869
PM C 24.7 0.396 C 33.0 0.823
Del Rosa Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM B 11.2 - B 14.8 -
PM B 11.5 - C 17.5 -
Del Rosa Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 14.8 0.270 B 16.6 0.558
PM B 13.9 0.339 B 12.7 0.612
Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps AM C 24.4 0.579 C 26.5 0.695
PM C 29.0 0.810 C 28.5 0.748
Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps AM C 22.8 0.795 B 18.9 0.740
PM C 27.4 0.855 E 570 1088
Genera! Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.14- 19
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-8
Intersection Level of Service Summary for Future Conditions (2030)
~,
Existing Conditions Gen. Plan Conditions
2003 2030
Peak Delay, VIC Delay, VIC G.P.
Intersection Hour LOS seclveh Ratio LOS seclveh Ratio Impact
Del Rosa Avenue @ Dale Street AM B 20.0 0.380 B 11.7 0.342
PM C 23.0 0.527 B 12.1 0.465
E Street @ 2nd Street AM C 24.3 0.505 C 29.5 0.654
PM C 34.2 0.576 D 40.3 0.816
E Street @ 30th Street AM B 14.8 0.476 B 15.3 0.449
PM B 12.6 0.562 B 14.8 0.754
E Street @ Baseline Street AM B 18.0 0.407 C 23.1 0.593
PM B 19.4 0.566 C 24.9 0.686
E Street @ Highland Avenue AM B 18.6 0.765 B 16.6 0.428
PM C 21.7 0.400 B 16.5 0.475
E Street @ Orange Show Road AM C 27.2 0.423 C 33.4 0.660
PM D 37.5 0.631 D 49.7 0.945
Harrison Street @ 40th Street AM B 12.1 - D 26.6 -
PM B 13.3 - F OF - Yes
Hospitality Lane @ Carnegie Drive AM C 27.0 0.536 C 28.9 0.565
PM D 41.1 0.906 C 30.7 0.649
Hunts Lane @ E Street AM F OVF - F 744.5 - Yes
PM F OVF - F OVF - Yes
Kendall Drive @ 40th Street AM C 26.2 0.572 B 12.8 0.285
PM C 23.9 0.480 B 18.2 0.542
Kendall Drive @ Palm Avenue AM C 32.2 0.490 B 17.0 0.071
PM C 28.6 0.595 B 17.7 0.072
Kendall Drive @ University Parkway AM C 32.2 0.490 C 30.5 0.513
PM C 28.6 0.595 C 30.6 0.501
Lena Road @ Mill Street AM B 18.1 0.178 C 22.2 0.377
PM B 18.0 0.206 C 22.6 0.502
Leroy StreeVSR-30 WB On-Ramp @ AM B 17.2 0.598 B 10.2 0.520
30th Street PM B 17.4 0.401 B 17.5 0.594
Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM E 36.3 - C 16.5 -
PM F 75.1 - F 65.6 - Yes
Mountain View Avenue @ San Bernardino AM B 12.9 0.535 F 107.1 1.372 Yes
Road PM F 90.2 1.360 F 308.8 2.440 Yes
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ 2nd Street AM B 191.8 0.454 B 17.6 0.325
PM C 30.0 0.643 C 31.2 0.682
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ 5th Street AM C 22.5 0.405 C 25.4 0.486
PM C 22.5 0.489 C 24.7 0.611
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Base Line Street AM C 20.1 0.458 C 22.0 0.527
PM C 23.3 0.532 C 22.8 0.531
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 27.8 0.617 C 22.0 0.488
PM C 27.5 0.679 C 31.7 0.598
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 30.4 0.520 C 34.7 0.673
PM C 31.7 0.677 D 35.1 0.799
Mt. Vernon Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.5 0.292 B 16.6 0.355
PM B 14 0.384 B 17.0 0.502
..
..
-
~..
-
...
Page 5. Z 4-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Existing Conditions Gen. Plan Conditions
2003 2030
Peak Delay, VIC Delay, VIC G.P.
Intersection Hour LOS seclveh Ratio LOS seclveh Ratio Impact
Waterman Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 28.8 0.354 D 38.6 0.533
PM D 35.2 0.540 D 47.2 0.889
Northpark Boulevard @ University Parkway AM C 21.4 0.284 C 28.0 0.091
PM D 39.6 0.689 C 26.0 0.142
Ohio Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM A 9.9 - A 9.3 0.000
PM A 9.6 - A 9.3 0.000
Palm Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 35.8 0.288 D 39.7 0.725
PM C 32.4 0.520 D 42.0 0.665
Pepper Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 33.1 0.465 D 37.1 0.525
PM C 30.4 0.450 D 37.2 0.730
Pepper Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.6 0.366 B 17.5 0.574
PM B 16.4 0.496 C 20.6 0.728
Rancho Avenue @ 5th S1reet/Foothill AM F 119.6 - F OF 0.000 Yes
Boulevard PM F OVF - F OF 0.000 Yes
SR-3D EB Ramps @ Highland Avenue AM D 35.8 0.288 C 20.3 0.600
PM B 18.5 0.464 C 20.8 0.625
SR-3D WB ramps @ Highland Avenue AM B 15.7 0.385 B 13.5 0.317
PM B 14.2 0.469 B 14.5 0.562
SR-30 WB Off-Ramp @ 30th Street AM F 298.3 - F 465.7 - Yes
PM F 946.1 - F OVF - Yes
Sterling Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM A 7.8 0.156 A 8.1 0.245
PM A 7.9 0.131 B 10.2 0.419
Sterling Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 29.6 0.328 C 28.8 0.58
PM A 7.9 0.131 C 31.8 0.606
Sterling Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 12.5 0.463 B 11.2 0.366
PM B 12.6 0.437 C 20.0 0.775
Sierra Way @ 30th Street AM B 15.0 0.255 B 13.9 0.530
PM B 15.0 0.361 B 17.6 0.764
Sierra Way @ 40th Street AM B 19.0 0.270 C 260 0.626
PM C 21.3 0.432 C 34.6 0.920
State Street @ Baseline Street AM B 15.4 0.480 B 19.3 0.516
PM A 5.5 0.335 B 19.2 0.560
State Street @ Highland Avenue AM A 8.7 0.499 B 15.2 0.539
PM A 9.3 0.594 B 16.3 0.510
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Harry Sheppard AM C 22.7 0.482 A 6.7 0.516
Boulevard PM C 20.2 0.828 B 11.6 0.683
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM D 25.6 - F 91.7 0.000 Yes
PM F 102.6 - F 242.1 0.000 Yes
Tippecanoe Avenue @ 3rd Street AM C 26.5 0.464 C 30.8 0.573
PM C 32.5 0.698 D 49.0 0.882
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM B 12.2 0.258 B 17.9 0.432
PM C 25.3 0.621 C 24.5 0.505
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Mill Street AM B 13.4 0.454 C 24.0 0.629
PM C 22.2 .0790 B 195 0.747
Table 5.14-8
Intersection Level of Service Summary for Future Conditions (2030)
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans fiR
City a/San Bernardino. Page 5.14-21
5. Environmental Analysis
~,
Table 5.14-8
Intersection Level of Service Summary for Future Conditions (2030)
".-.
Existing Conditions Gen. Plan Conditions
2003 2030
Peak Delay, VIC Delay, VIC G.P.
Intersection Hour LOS seclveh Ratio LOS seclveh Ratio Impact
Tippecanoe Avenue @ San Bernardino Road AM C 33.1 0.421 D 37.6 0.698
PM D 42.1 0.828 D 48.1 0.863
Valencia Avenue @ 30th Street AM B 14.7 0.233 A 1.0 0.137
PM B 14.8 0.257 B 12.7 0.304
Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street AM A 9.9 0.305 C 15.0 0.667
PM B 11.5 0.412 F 72.4 1.129 Yes
Victoria Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 36.1 0.602 C 26.0 0.382
PM D 39.9 0.683 C 31.6 0.610
Waterman Avenue @ 5th Street AM E 63 1.081 D 36.6 0.797
PM F 256.2 1.593 D 40.2 0.811
Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street AM C 27.1 0.801 F 138.9 1.215 Yes
PM C 23.4 0.654 F 96.5 1.180 Yes
Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street AM D 26.2 - D 26.7 -
PM D 29.9 - F 110.6 - Yes
Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street AM E 37.9 - F 54.8 - Yes
PM C 23.8 - F 87.5 - Yes
Waterman Avenue @ 40th Street AM C 26.1 0.637 C 28.5 0.820
PM C 24.8 0.506 D 42.9 0.982
Waterman Avenue @ Barton Road AM C 25.7 .0663 C 27.7 0.885
PM D 40.3 0.944 C 31.7 0.972
Waterman Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM C 30.4 0.715 C 30.7 0.637
PM D 46.8 0.984 C 33.4 0.762
Waterman Avenue @ Marshall Boulevard AM A 3.2 0.507 A 4.6 0.626
PM A 4.0 0.451 A 5.0 0.633
Waterman Avenue @ Parkdale Avenue AM B 10.4 0.592 A 3.7 0.553
PM B 11.1 0.501 A 5.3 0.651
Waterman Avenue @ Orange Show Road AM C 38.0 0.442 0 35.1 0.648
PM D 35.7 0.652 D 40.1 0.832
Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps AM C 32.3 0.852 E 60.9 1.053 Yes
PM F 90.4 1.171 F 127.9 1.288 Yes
Waterman Avenue @ Vanderbilt Way AM B 19.6 0.358 B 10.3 0.391
PM C 23.3 0.584 B 13.7 0.641
Waterman Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM 0 36.4 0.482 D 37.3 0.628
PM D 39.2 0.650 D 40.0 0.707
...
-
~.
-
_.
...~
f/'l""
If',i,;i.-
-~
M-'
As shown on the preceding table, the following 12 intersections are expected to perform at an unacceptable
level of service at build-out of the General Plan:
~
· Harrison Street @ 40th Street
· Hunts Lane @ E Street
· Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
· Mountain View @ San Bernardino Road
· Rancho Avenue @ 5th Street/Foothill Boulevard
-
,~~
Page 5.14-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
~
5. Environmental Analysis
. SR-30 WB Off-ramp @ 30th Street
. Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
. Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street
. Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street
. Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps
. Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street
. Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street
Table 5.14-9 shows the future local roadway segment conditions at build-out of the proposed General Plan.
FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH PROPOSED GP
CMP Build-
Street Facility No. of Capacity out ADT Mitigation
Roadway Segment (YIN)? Type Lanes (C) (V) VIC LOS Required?
~a$ttWjJ$tS'tre!!l$ ,< <;;'/<' , 'i"""',,,," , "n< '<'" T':
,
2ND Street EjO 1-215 NB Gn Ramp Y Major 6 60,000 19,608 0.323 A
3"' Street W/O Tippecanoe Y Major 4 40,000 25842 0.671 C
4th Street 1-215-Arrowhead N Major 4 40,000 24,633 0.616 B
5th Street IPepper+215 N Major 4 40,000 19,238 0.481 A
5th Street 11-215-Waterman N Major 4 40,000 24,007 0.600 A
5th Street Waterman-Victoria Y Major 4 40,000 17,878 0.447 A
5th Street Victoria-Palm Y Major 4 40,000 14,370 0.359 A
9th Street Medical Center-I-215 N Secondary 4 30,000 5,219 0.174 A
9th Street 1-215-Waterman N Secondary 4 30,000 8,367 0.279 A
9th Street Waterman-Tippecanoe N Secondary 4 30,000 5,927 0.198 A
9th Street Tippecanoe-Del Rosa N Secondary 2 12,000 5,712 0.476 A
40th Street Valencia-Waterman N Major 4 40,000 17,908 0.448 A
40th Street Waterman-Sierra Y Major 4 40,000 22,625 0.566 A
40th Street Sierra-Mountain View Y Major 4 40,000 31,279 0.782 C
Baseline Street SR-30-Palm Y Major 4 40,000 25,185 0.630 B
Baseline Street Palm-Valencia Y Major 4 40,000 34,286 0.857 0 Yes
Baseline Street Valencia-I-215 Y Major 4 40,000 23,585 0.590 A
Baseline Street 1-215-Riverside Y Major 4 40,000 18,194 0.455 A
Highland Ave. Riverside-I-215 Y Major 4 40,000 8,447 0.211 A
Highland Ave. 1-215-Victoria Y Major 4 40,000 26,775 0.669 B
Highland Ave. Victoria-SR-30 Y Major 4 40,000 27,788 0.695 B
Highland Ave. SR-30-E. City Limit N Major 4 40,000 23,666 0.592 A
Hospitality Lane E Street-Hunts N Secondary 4 30,000 13,972 0.466 A
Hospitality Lane Hunts-Waterman N Secondary 4 30,000 18,460 0.615 B
Inland Center Dr. E/G 1-215 Ramps N Major 4 40,000 11,861 0.296 A
Mill Street Tippecanoe-Waterman N Major 4 40,000 19,150 0.479 A
Mill Street Waterman-Mt Vernon Y Major 4 40,000 30,155 0.754 C
Mill Street Mt Vernon-Bordwell Y Major 4 40,000 31,126 0.778 C
Redlands Blvd. 1-215-Waterman Y Secondary 4 30,000 18,011 0.600 A
Rialto Ave. Riverside-Rancho N Major 4 40,000 16,287 0.407 A
Rialto Ave. Rancho-I Street N Major 4 40,000 16,970 0.424 A
Rialto Ave. 1St-Sierra N Major 4 40,000 8,628 0.216 A
Table 5.14-9
Future Roadway LOS with Proposed General Plan Volumes
General Plan UjJdate and Anociated Specific Planr EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. ] 4-23
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-9
Future Roadway LOS with Proposed General Plan Volumes
FUTURE CONDITIONS WITH PROPOSED GP
CMP Build-
Street Facility No. of Capacity out ADT Mitigation
Roadway Segment (YIN)? Type Lanes (C) (V) VIC LOS Required?
Rialto Ave. Sierra-Tippecanoe N Major 4 40,000 7,688 0.192 A
San Bernardino road ElO Tippecanoe Y Major 4 40,000 16,742 0.419 A
f'~.." '\'c.:t"^ ees .. <. ... . < . <
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Alabama Street SID San Bernardino Y Major 4 40,000 19,463 0.419 A
BOUlder Ave. Atlantic-Pacific N Major 4 40,000 14,853 0.371 A
California Street SID Lugonia Y Major 6 60,000 14,691 0.245 A
Del Rosa Drive 3rd St-Paloma Y Secondary 4 30,000 14,877 0.496 A
Del Rosa Drive Baseline-SR-30 Y Secondary 4 30,000 21,995 0.733 C
Del Rosa Drive SR-30-Quail Canyon N Secondary 4 30,000 1,445 0.048 A
E Street 1-10- Fairway Y Major 4 40,000 23,208 0.580 A
E Street Fairway-9th Street Y Major 4 40,000 18,814 0.470 A
E Street 9th St-Kendall Y Major 4 40,000 35,103 0.878 D Yes
Kendall Drive SID University Pkwy. Y Major 4 40,000 18,915 0.473 A
Kendall Drive N/O Revere N Major 4 40,000 13,142 0.328 A
Mountain View Ave. Slo Lugonia Y Major 4 40,000 16,962 0.424 A
Mount Vernon Ave. N/O 2nd Street Y Major 4 40,000 13,052 0.326 A
Northpark Blvd. N/O University Pkwy N Major 6 60,000 3,273 0.055 A
Palm Ave. Pacific-Highland Y Major 4 40,000 19,826 0.496 A
Pepper Ave. 1-10-Foothill Y Major 4 40,000 44,034 1.101 F Yes
Rancho Ave. 1-10-MiII Y Major 4 40,000 21,870 0.547 A
Rancho Ave. MiII-Rialto Y Major 4 40,000 23,685 0.592 A
Rancho Ave. Rialto-Foothill Y Major 4 40,000 20.783 0.520 A
Sierra Way Waterman-40th Street N Major 4 40,000 37,828 0.946 E Yes
Sierra Way 40th Street-5th Street N Major 2 15,000 2,112 0.141 A
Sierra Way 5th Street-2nd Street N Major 4 40,000 5,505 0.138 A
Sierra Way 2nd Street-Mill N Major 4 40,000 5,789 0.145 A
Tippeecanoe SID Hospitality Lane Y Major 6 60,000 32.065 0.534 A
University Pkwy. WID Northpark Blvd. N Major 6 60,000 7,834 0.131 A
Victoria Ave. Lynwood-Baseline N Secondary 4 30,000 9,412 0.314 A
Victoria Ave. Baseline-3rd Street Y Secondary 4 30,000 6,158 0.205 A
Waterman Ave. 1-10-Highland Y Major 6 60,000 26,590 0.443 A
Waterman Ave. Highland-Sierra Y/N Major 4 40,000 24,062 0.602 A
N!ri1h S th Sir t
As shown on the preceding table, the following 4 roadway segments are expected to perform at an
unacceptable level of service (LOS D or worse) at build-out of the General Plan according to standards
established by the City:
· Baseline Street between Palm Avenue and Valencia Avenue
· E Street between 9th Street and Kendall Drive
· Pepper Avenue between 1-10 and Foothill Boulevard
· Sierra Way between Waterman Avenue and 40th Street
Page 5. 14-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
GP IMPACT 5.14-2:
GENERAL PLAN RELATED TRIP GENERATION IN COMBINATION WITH
EXISTING AND PROPOSED CUMULATIVE DEVELOPMENT WOULD RESULT IN
DESIGNATED INTERSECTIONS, ROAD AND/OR HIGHWAYS EXCEEDING
COUNTY CONGESTION MANAGEMENT AGENCY SERVICE STANDARDS.
[THRESHOLD T-2]
Impact Analysis: The CMP intersections and roadway segments have been noted in GP Impact 5.14-1.
Table 5.14-8 indicates that only one CMP intersection would not meet an acceptable LOS of E or better:
Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB ramps. Table 5.14-9 indicates that one CMP roadway segment (Pepper
Avenue between 1-10 and Foothill) would function at an unacceptable LOS F and several freeway segments
would function at an unacceptable LOS F as indicated in Table 5.14-10.
GP IMPACT 5.14-3:
THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN WOULD NOT CHANGE AIR TRAFFIC
PATTERNS THAT WOULD RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL SAFETY RISKS.
[THRESHOLD T-3]
Impact Analysis: As discussed in Section 5.8, Land Use and Planning, the proposed General Plan will
incorporate the Airport Master Plan and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for the San Bernardino
International Airport (SBIA). Please note that as of the writing of this report, the CLUP for SBIAA were in the
process of being prepared and the Airport was operating under an Interim Airport Operating Plan. As a
consequence, the precise noise contours and safety zones were not available. However, relative policies
have been included in the General Plan. In addition, the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the SBIA was
not available for use in this Plan. Upon adoption of the Airport Master Plan and CLUP, the new noise and
safety zones will be incorporated into the General Plan and the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan analyzed
for relative information.
GP IMPACT 5.14-4:
PROJECT CIRCULATION IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO
ADEQUATELY ADDRESS POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS (SHARP
CURVES, ETC), POTENTIAL CONFLICTING USES, AND EMERGENCY ACCESS.
[THRESHOLDS T-4 AND T-5]
Impact Analysis: The proposed Circulation Element of the General Plan includes several changes in
roadway classifications and alignments. These changes are intended to address issues of capacity, access,
and safety and are detailed in Appendix F. With one exception (Harrison Parkway), the changes to the
General Plan circulation system are only depicted at a policy level to show classification and general
alignment. When the roadways are designed, they will comply with City and/or Caltrans standards for
design, sight lines, access, speeds, and emergency access.
GP IMPACT 5.15-5:
ADEQUATE PARKING WOULD BE PROVIDED WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE. [THRESHOLD T-6]
Impact Analysis: The proposed General Plan update does not fundamentally change the current land use
patterns but does encourage improvement in quality of life which may include revitalization of some areas
and the introduction of infill development. It also stresses pedestrian friendly development with use of mass
transit which could reduce the need for abundant parking. The General Plan update includes goals and
polices to achieve balance between parking and demand. New developments would be required to provide
adequate parking to meet the parking demand generated.
General Plan Policies and Programs
Land Use Element
Proposed General Plan policies related to the proVision/accommodation of alternative transportation options:
General Plan Update and Associated Sjlecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.14-27
5. Environmental Analysis
i/IM'
Policy 2.2.5: Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with Caltrans, the railroads, and other agencies to
help minimize impacts and improve aesthetics of their facilities and operations; including possible noise
walls, berms, limitation on hours and types of operations, landscaped setbacks and decorative walls along
its periphery.
~
...
Proposed General Plan policies related to general circulation issues:
Policy 2.3.6: Circulation system improvements shall continue to be pursued that facilitate connectivity
across freeway and rail corridors.
-,-
Policy 2.3.7: Improvements shall be made to transportation corridors that promote physical connectivity
and reflect consistently high aesthetic values.
....
Policy 2.7.4: Reserve lands for the continuation and expansion of public streets and highways in
accordance with the Master Plan of Highways.
JI!If
Proposed General Plan policies related to air traffic:
Policy 2.9.1: Require that all new development be consistent with the adopted Comprehensive Land Use
Plan for the San Bernardino International Airport and ensure that no structures or activities encroach upon or
adversely affect the use of navigable airspace.
lIIIt"
....
Policy 2.9.2: Refer any adoption or amendment of this General Plan, specific plan, zoning ordinance, or
building regulation within the planning boundary of the adopted Comprehensive Airport Master Plan for the
SBIA to the airport authority as provided by the Airport Land Use Law.
Policy 2.9.3: Limit the type of development, population density, maximum site coverage, and height of
structures as specified in the applicable safety zones in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and
as shown on Figure LU-4.
...
Policy 2.9.4: Limit the development of sensitive land uses (e.g., residential, hospitals, schools) within the 65
decibel (dB) Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) contour, as shown on Figure LU-4.
.,-
Policy 2.9.5: Ensure that the height of structures do not impact navigable airspace, as defined in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA.
Policy 2.9.6: As required by State Law for real estate transactions within the Airport Influence Area, as
shown on Figure LU-4, require notification/disclosure statements to alert potential buyers and tenants ofthe
presence of and potential impacts from the San Bernardino International Airport.
....
...
Circulation Element
Proposed General Plan policies related to design of roadways, safety, and the elimination/mitigation of
impacts:
,.-
Policy 6.3.3: Require that all City streets be constructed in accordance with the Circulation Plan (Figure C-2)
and the standards established by the Development Services Director.
Policy 6.3.4: Require appropriate right-ot-way dedications of all new developments to facilitate construction
of roadways shown on the Circulation Plan.
..
."
Policy 6.3.5: Limit direct access from adjacent private properties to arterials to maintain an efficient and
desirable quality of traffic tlow.
m.
Page 5.14-28. The Planning Center
July 2005
"'''
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 6.3.6: Locate new development and their access points in such a way that traffic is not encouraged
to utilize local residential streets and alleys.
Policy 6.3. 7: Require that adequate access be provided to all developments in the City including secondary
access to facilitate emergency access and egress
Proposed General Plan policies related to mass transit and rail:
Policy 6.6.1: Support the efforts of regional, state, and federal agencies to provide additional local and
express bus service in the City.
Policy 6.6.2: Create a partnership with Omnitrans to identify public transportation infrastructure needs that
improve mobility.
Policy 6.6.3: In cooperation with Omnitrans, require new development to provide transit facilities, such as
bus shelters and turnouts, as necessary and warranted by the scale of the development.
Policy 6.6.4: Ensure accessibility to public transportation for seniors and persons with disabilities.
Policy 6.6.5: In cooperation with Omnitrans, explore methods to improve the use, speed, and efficiency for
transit services. These methods might include dedicated or priority lanes/signals, reduced parking standards
for selected core areas, and incorporating Intelligent Transportation System architecture.
Policy 6.6.6: Support and encourage the provision of a range of paratransit opportunities to complement
bus and rail service for specialized transit needs.
Policy 6.6.7 Encourage measures that will reduce the number of vehicle-miles traveled during peak
periods, including the following examples of these types of measures:
. Incentives for car-pooling and vanpooling.
. Preferential parking for car-pools and vanpools.
. Conveniently located bus stops with shelters.
. An adequate, safe, and interconnected system of pedestrian and bicycle paths
Policy 6.6.8: Promote the use of car-pools and van pools by providing safe, convenient park-and-ride
facilities.
Policy 6.7.1: Accommodate railroad services that allow for the movement of people and goods while
minimizing their impact on adjacent land uses.
Policy 6. 7.2: Coordinate with SAN BAG, SCAG, the County and other regional, state or federal agencies and
the railroads regarding plans for the provision of passenger, commuter, and high-speed rail service.
Policy 6.7.3: Encourage the provision of a buffer between residential land uses and railway facilities and
encourage the construction of sound walls or other mitigating noise barriers between railway facilities and
adjacent land uses.
Policy 6.7.4: Identify existing and future high volume at-grade railroad crossings and pursue available
sources of funding (e.g., California Public Utilities Commission) to implement grade separations where
appropriate.
General Plan policies relating to parking:
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.14-29
5. Environmental Analysis
'""'"
Policy 6.9. 1: Ensure that developments provide an adequate supply of parking to meet the needs, on-site or
within close proximity to the developments generating the demand for parking.
...'
Policy 6.9.2: Study the parking standards in the Development Code to determine if they accurately reflect
demand and if adequate flexibility is available to accommodate certain situations, such as shared parking,
senior housing, or transit oriented developments.
..
Policy 6.9.3: Require that all new developments provide adequate parking to meet their parking demands
on-site or in consolidated parking facilities within close proximity to their site, except for developments within
the Central City Parking District.
Policy 6.9.4: Continue to expand the supply of public parking in off-street parking facilities in downtown San
Bernardino.
...
,..
Policy 6.9.5: Continue to provide an in-lieu parking fee option for developments in the downtown area to
satisfy all or part of their parking requirement through the payment of an in-lieu fee which will be utilized to
provide parking in consolidated public parking facilities.
"'"
Policy 6.9.6: Require that new developments submit a parking demand analysis to the City Engineer for
review and approval whenever a proposal is made to provide less than the full code requirement of parking
for each individual land use on-site at the proposed development.
ffI'I""
...
Policy 6.9. 7: Consider all concepts relating to joint use, shared parking, and off-peak demand to maximize
the utilization of existing and proposed parking in the Central Business District.
Policy 6.9.8: Develop parking and traffic control plans for those neighborhoods adversely impacted by
spillover parking and traffic.
tIr<8"',
5.14.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The traffic analysis for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan was calculated for two phases of development.
Phase one was assumed to be completed by the year 2007, prior to construction of the secondary access
shown on figures as (Arrowhead Springs) Village Parkway or improvements to Harrison Boulevard. Until
construction of Village Parkway, traffic to/from Arrowhead Springs would use the existing external circulation
network by accessing the development from SR-18. Within Arrowhead Springs, site-specific roadway and
intersection improvements would be completed based on project-related impacts expected with Phase one
traffic volumes. Therefore, roadway and intersection traffic analysis was conducted separately for Phase one
development and the 2030 build-out development, which includes completion of Village Parkway. This
analysis is very conservative in that development included in Phase I for the traffic analysis would in fact take
longer than the year 2007.
..
..
."
AHS IMPACT 5.15-1:
PROJECT-RELA TED TRIP GENERA TlON WOULD IMPACT LEVELS OF SERVICE
FOR THE EXISTING AREA ROADWAY SYSTEM. [THRESHOLD T-1]
...
Impact Analysis: At build-out, the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan is expected to generate approximately
24,412 new vehicular trips per day on an average weekday, of which approximately 1,329 trips would be
during the AM commuter peak hour (one hour between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m.) and 2,075 trips will be during the
PM commuter peak hour (one hour between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m.). These estimates are based on the
proposed land uses for the Arrowhead Springs development and trip generation rates for these land uses
published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE, 2004) and other applicable trip generation data
and information. Table 5.14-11 shows traffic generation estimates for the Arrowhead Springs development.
1M'
-
..
Page 5.]4-30. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Figure 5.14-2 illustrates the distribution of traffic from the project and how traffic disperses at any given
intersection after the construction of Village Parkway. Appendix H of Volume III contains specific information
on the number trips dispersed along these roadways.
Table 5.14-12 shows the results of roadway LOS analysis with and without Phase one development by 2007.
Table 5.14-12
2007 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and LOS on Roadways Within the
Arrowhead S"rings Study Area
2007 WIO Project 2007 With Project
Conditions Conditions
Capacity, Volume, Volume, Diff. in
No. of VehlDay Veh/Day VIC Veh/Day VIC VIC by
Roadways Facility Type Lanes (C) (V) Ratio LOS (V) Ratio LOS Project
Highway 18 N/O Waterman Major Arterial 4 40,000 20,730 0.518 A 27,474 0.687 8 0.169
Avenue
Waterman Avenue S/O Major Arterial 4 40,000 18,544 0.464 A 23,789 0.595 A 0.131
40th Street
Waterman Avenue N/O Major Arterial 4 40,000 22,918 0.573 A 28,163 0.704 8 0.131
30th Street
40th Street E/O Waterman Major Arterial 4 40,000 10,962 0.274 A 11,711 0.293 A 0.019
Avenue
Harrison Street S/O Secondary 2 12,000 1,037 0.086 A 1,412 0.118 A 0.031
40th Street Arterial
Sterling Avenue S/O Major Arterial 2 15,000 1,631 0.109 A 2,006 0.134 A 0.025
Foothill Drive
Valencia Avenue S/O Secondary 2 12,000 4,439 0.370 A 4,439 0.370 A 0.000
40th Street Arterial
Valencia Avenue N/O Secondary 2 12,000 4,666 0.389 A 4,666 0.389 A 0.000
30th Street Arterial
Note: A 2% per year traffic growth factor was assumed through year 2025 due to normal traffic growth in the area. The 2% yearly growth rate assumption
was made per discussion with City staff. Bold typeface indicates CMP roadway.
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPedfic Plam ElR
City of San Bernaldino · Page 5.14-33
5.
Environmental Analysis
~
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Page 5.14-34 . The Planning Center
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jtdy 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Arrowhead Springs Trip Distribution
ARROWHEAD SPRINGS DEVELOPMENT
TRIP DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES
WITH PROJECT+EXPRESSWAY AT BUILD-OUT
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San Bernardino General Plan Update and AJSociated Specific Plans EIR
The Planning Center · Figure 5.14-2
5.
Environmental Analysis
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-13 below shows the results of intersection LOS analysis with and without Phase one development
by 2007.
Table 5.14-13
Intersection Level of Service Summary
(Future 2007 Conditions With and Without Project Phase I)
Peak 2007 Conditions Without Project 2007 Conditions With Phase I
Intersection Hour LOS Delay VIC LOS Delay VIC
Waterman Avenue at 40th Street AM C 26.8 0.670 C 26.5 0.677
PM C 25.2 0.528 C 26.0 0.599
Waterman Avenue at Parkdale Drive AM B 11.2 0.641 B 11.0 0.693
PM B 11.7 0.543 B 11.2 0.604
Waterman Avenue at 36th Street AM E 45.1 - F 64.9 -
(Unsignalized) PM D 26.9 - E 43.7 -
Waterman Avenue at 34th Street AM F 81.1 - A 1.3 -
(Unsignalized) PM F 55.9 - F 73.6 -
Waterman Avenue at Marshall AM A 3.4 0.544 A 3.5 0.586
Boulevard PM A 4.2 0.486 A 4.1 0.547
Waterman Avenue at 30th Street AM C 29.0 0.843 C 30.7 0.885
PM C 24.2 0.693 C 24.8 0.725
Valencia Avenue at 40th Street AM - - - B 12.3 0.460
PM - - - C 19.0 0.653
Village Parkway at 40th Street AM NA - - C 21.5 0.335
PM NA - - C 20.2 0.493
Harrison Street at 40th Street AM B 12.8 - B 13.0 -
(Unsignalized) PM B 14.4 - B 14.7 -
Del Rosa Avenue at Foothill Boulevard AM B 11.9 - B 12.1 -
(Unsignalized) PM B 12.3 - B 12.5 -
Sterling Avenue at Foothill Boulevard AM A 7.9 0.176 A 7.9 0.179
PM A 8.0 0.149 A 8.1 0.154
Valencia Avenue at 30th Street AM - - - B 14.9 0.54
PM - - - B 15.0 0.280
Del Rosa Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 15.1 0.308 B 15.1 0.310
PM B 14.2 0.374 B- 14.1 0.377
Sterling Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 14.1 0.509 B 14.0 0.545
PM B 12.6 0.437 B 14.2 0.513
30th Street at Lynwood Drive AM B 12.4 - B 12.4 -
(Unsignalized) PM A 7.5 - A 7.5 -
The following intersections are expected to be impacted by Phase I Project related traffic:
. Waterman Avenue and 36th Street
. Waterman Avenue and 34th Street
General Plan Update and A.rsociated SPecific Plam fIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 14- 37
5.
Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-14 shows the results of roadway LOS analysis with and without Project build-out by 2030.
Table 5.14-14
2030 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes and LOS on Roadways in the
Arrowhead Springs Study Area
2030 W/O Project 2030 With Project
Conditions Conditions
Capacity, Volume, Volume, Oifl. in
No. 01 Veh/Oay Veh/Oay V/C Veh/Oay V/C V/C by
Roadways Facility Type Lanes (C) (V) Ratio LOS (V) Ratio LOS Project
40th Street E/O Waterman Major Arterial 4 40,000 17,908 0.448 A 19,129 0.478 A 0.031
Avenue
Harrison Street S/O Secondary 2 12,000 0 0.000 A NA NA NA NA
40th Street Arterial
Harrison Parkway (40th
Street to 30th Street with Major Arterial 4 40,000 NA NA NA 18,309 0.458 A 0.458
improvements)
Highway 18 N/O Waterman Major Arterial 4 40,000 24,062 0.602 A 25,283 0.632 B 0.031
Avenue
Village Parkway Major Arterial 4 40,000 0 0.000 A 20,750 0.519 A 0.519
Sterling Avenue S/O Major Arterial 2 15,000 2,166 0.144 A 3,387 0.226 A 0.081
Foothill Drive
Waterman Avenue N/O Major Arterial 4 40,000 24,062 0.602 A 24,062 0.602 A 0.000
30th Street
Waterman Avenue S/O Major Arterial 4 40,000 24,062 0.602 A 24,062 0.602 A 0.000
40th Street
Valencia Avenue N/O Secondary 2 12,000 5,039 0.420 A 6,259 0.522 A 0.102
30th Street Arterial
Valencia Avenue S/O Secondary 2 12,000 4,794 0.399 A 6,015 0.501 A 0.102
40th Street Arterial
Notes:
The 2030 condition assumes that Harrison Street improvements have been constructed between 30th Street with 40th Street. The new roadway is projected
to attract approximately 70% of existing traffic from Highway 18, 40th Street and Waterman Avenue. CMP roadway segments are shown in bold typeface.
The project generated traffic is assumed to be distributed as follows: 15% to and from Highway 18 north of the site. 5% to and from 40th Street west of
Waterman Avenue, 70% to and from SR-30 using the new roadway connecting 30th Street with 40th Street, and 10% to and from 40th Street east of the
new roadway connecting the site with 40th Street. Without new roadway. project traffic will be distributed 75% to the west on 40th Street and 10% to the
east on 40th Street (using Harrison Street, Del Rosa Avenue or Sterling Avenue).
Page 5.14-38. The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-15 shows the results of intersection LOS analysis with and without Project build-out by 2030.
Table 5.14-15
Intersection Level of Service Summary
(Build-out 2030 Conditions With and Without Project)
Peak 2030 Base Conditions 2030 Base + Project Conditions
Intersection Hour LOS Delay VIC LOS Delay VIC
30th Street at Lynwood Drive AM A 9.7 - D 25.8 -
(Unsignalized) PM B 11.5 - F 185.3 -
Village Parkway at 40th Street AM NA - - C 22.4 0.784
PM NA - - F 143.5 1.271
Del Rosa Avenue at Foothill AM B 14.8 - C 15.7 -
Boulevard (Unsignalized) PM C 17.5 - C 20.2 -
Del Rosa Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 16.6 0.558 B 16.5 0.564
PM B 12.7 0.612 B 12.6 0.623
Harrison Street (Harrison Parkway) at AM D 26.6 - F Overflow -
40th Street (Unsignalized) PM F Overflow - F Overflow -
Sterling Avenue at Foothill Boulevard AM A 8.1 0.245 A 8.2 0.253
PM B 10.2 0.419 B 10.4 0.436
Sterling Avenue at Lynwood Drive AM B 11.2 0.366 B 11.2 0.372
PM C 20.0 0.775 C 20.5 0.781
Waterman Avenue at 30th Street AM F 138.9 1.215 F 115.6 1.222
PM F 96.5 1.180 F 88.8 1.200
Waterman Avenue at 34th Street AM D 26.7 - D 27.5 -
(Unsignalized) PM F 110.6 - F 125.2 -
Waterman Avenue at 36th Street AM F 54.8 - F 58.4 -
(Unsignalized) PM F 87.5 - F 99.1 -
Waterman Avenue at 40th Street AM C 28.5 0.820 C 30.8 0.856
PM D 42.9 0.982 D 51.5 1.033
Waterman Avenue at Marshall AM A 4.6 0.626 A 4.6 0.633
Boulevard PM A 5.0 0.633 A 5.0 0.644
Waterman Avenue at Parkdale Drive AM A 3.7 0.553 A 3.7 0.559
PM A 5.3 0.651 A 5.3 0.662
Valencia Avenue at 40th Street AM C 15.0 0.667 C 17.3 0.731
PM F 72.4 1.129 F 107.1 1.260
Valencia Avenue at 30th Street AM A 1.0 0.137 A 1.4 0.251
PM B 12.7 0.304 A 8.5 0.496
The following intersections are expected to be impacted by the Project related traffic at build-out:
. Waterman Avenue and 40th Street
. Waterman Avenue and 36th Street
. Waterman Avenue and 34th Street
· Waterman Avenue and 30th Street
. Harrison Parkway and 40th Street
· 30th Street and Lynwood Drive
· Village Parkway and 40th Street
. Valencia Avenue and 40th Street
Genera! Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam ElR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.] 4- 39
5. Environmental Analysis
,.
AHS IMPACT 5.14-2:
ARROWHEAD SPRINGS RELA TED TRIP GENERA TlON IN COMBINA TION WITH
E~STlNG AND PROPOSEDCUMULATlVE DEVELOPMENT WOULD NOT
RESULT IN DESIGNATED ROAD AND/OR HIGHWAYS EXCEEDING COUNTY
CONGESTION MANAGEMENT AGENCY SERVICE STANDARDS. {THRESHOLD
T-2]
fMi\-
-
Impact Analysis: As discussed in impact analysis 5.15-1 above, the CMP roadway segments would meet
both the City and County CMP standards for Intersection Level of Service. There are no designated CMP
intersections in the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan study area.
~
AHS IMPACT 5.14-3:
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD NOT CHANGE AIR TRAFFIC PATTERNS
THAT WOULD RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL SAFETY RISKS. {THRESHOLD T-3]
-"
Impact Analysis: The proposed Arrowhead Springs development does not include structures/features that
would impact traffic patterns; and is not located within airport noise or safety zones, nor does it include
airports or heliports. The project would not impact or be impacted by air traffic patterns.
--
AHS IMPACT 5.14-4:
PROJECT CIRCULATION IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO
ADEQUATELY ADDRESS POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS (SHARP
CURVES, ETC), POTENTIAL CONFLICTING USES, AND EMERGENCY ACCESS.
{THRESHOLD T-4, T-5]
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Impact Analysis: The circulation plan for the Arrowhead Springs project would be required to meet the
roadway design standards of the City of San Bernardino which would address any potential hazardous
conditions. Preliminary consultations with the City regarding the circulation plan and a subsequent alignment
study established the need for a secondary emergency access, which became part of the project design
(Village Parkway) reducing the potential for hazardous conditions.
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AHS IMPACT 5.14-5:
ADEQUATE PARKING WOULD BE PROVIDED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT.
{THRESHOLD T-6]
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Impact Analysis: All new development planned for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would be required
to meet the parking standards contained in the Municipal Code (Chapter 19.24). These parking standards
are reflected in the Development Standards of the specific plan, which will be adopted by ordinance ensuring
that adequate parking would be provided for the development.
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5.14.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
Portions of Title 12, Streets, Sidewalks and Public Places, and Title 19, Land Use and Subdivision
Regulations, Chapter 19.24, Off-Street Parking Standards, would apply to both the General Plan update and
the Arrowhead Springs specific Plan.
.'-.
5.14.5 Level of Significance before Mitigation
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5.14.5.1 San Bernardino General Plan
...
Upon implementation of General Plan policies, regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be less than significant:
GP Impact 5.14-3
...
GP Impact 5.14-4
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Page 5.14-40 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
GP Impact 5.14-5
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be significant:
GP Impact 5.14-1
Twelve intersections were determined to function at an unacceptable LOS of E or
worse and 4 roadway segments were determined to function at an unacceptable
LOS of D or worse at build-out of the General Plan. Numerous freeway segments
would also function at and unacceptable LOS F.
GP Impact 5.14-2
One CMP intersection and one CMP roadway segment were determined to function
at an unacceptable LOS of F as well as numerous freeway segments.
5.14.5.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements, and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less than significant:
AHS Impact 5.14.2
AHS Impact 5.14.3
AHS Impact 5.14.4
AHS Impact 5.14.5
Without mitigation, the following impacts would be significant:
AHS Impact 5.14.1
Two intersections were determined to be impacted by Phase I traffic and 7
intersections would be impacted by full build-out of the project or by the year 2030.
No roadway segments would be impacted after Phase I or full build-out of the
project.
5.14.6 Mitigation Measures
5.14.6.1 San Bernardino General Plan
GP 5.14-1 Prior to adoption of the General Plan Update the City of San Bernardino shall add
the following recommendations to the Circulation Element of the General Plan
update:
· Signalize the intersection of Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue. With
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
during both peak hours.
· Signalize the intersection of Hunts Lane @ E Street. With signalization
and protected phasing, and the addition of one NB left-turn lane the
intersection will operate at LOS Band C during the AM and PM peak hours,
respectively.
· Add an additional westbound right-turn lane at the intersection of
Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street. With one additional WB right-turn lane
the intersection will operate at LOS D and C during the AM and PM peak
hours, respectively.
Genera! Plan Update and Associated Specific Plan! EIR
City of San Bernatdino . Page 5.] 4-4]
5. Environmental Analysis
"'"
· Add an additional northbound right-turn lane at the intersection of
Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps. With one additional NB right-turn
lane and one additional EB left-turn lane the intersection will operate at
LOS D during both peak hours.
-
-
. Signalize the intersection of SR-30 WB Off-ramp @ 30th Street. With
signalization and protected phasing, the intersection will operate at LOS C
during both peak hours.
"'"
. Signalize the intersection of Harrison Street @ 40th Street. With
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
and C during the AM and PM peak hours, respectively.
..
. Signalize the intersection of Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street. With -.'
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
and B during the AM and PM peak hours, respectively.
-
. Signalize the intersection of Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street. With
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
during both peak hours.
....
. Signalize the intersection of Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street. With
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
during both peak periods.
. Add an additional westbound right-turn lane at the intersection of Del
Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps. With one additional WB right-turn '"""
lane the intersection will operate at LOS Band C during AM and PM peak
hours, respectively.
. Signalize the intersection of Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue. With ..
signalization and permitted phasing the intersection will operate at LOS A
and B during AM and PM peak hours, respectively.
....,
. Signalize and add one northbound exclusive left-turn lane and one
exclusive northbound right-turn lane at the intersection of Rancho
Avenue @ 5th Street/Foothill Road. With signalization and E/W protective ...
phasing, N/S split phasing, one NB exclusive left-turn lane and one NB
exclusive right-turn lane the intersection will operate at C and 0 during AM
and PM peak hours, respectively.
. Signalize and add one additional through lane in each direction at the
intersection of Mount View Avenue @ San Bernardino Road. With
signalization, protective phasing and one exclusive left, thru and right-turn ...
lane in each direction, and EB right turn overlap phasing the intersection
will operate at LOS C and 0 during AM and PM peak hours, respectively.
GP 5.14-2
The City of San Bernardino shall cooperate with regional transportation agencies
toward mitigating impacts to regional transportation facilities by measures such as
securing fair share contributions from future projects impacting mainline freeway
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Page 5.] 4-42 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
segments. Mitigation of impacts to regional transportation facilities would require
the following freeway improvements:
. 1-10 EB from Jct. 1-21 to Waterman Avenue, add two lanes.
. 1-10 WB from Jct. 1-21 to Waterman Avenue, add one lane.
. 1-10 EB and WB from Waterman Avenue to Tippecanoe Avenue, add two
lanes each direction.
. 1-10 EB and WB from Tippecanoe to Mountain View, add two lanes each
direction.
. SR-30 EB from Highland Avenue to Jct. 1-215, add two lanes.
. SR-30 WB from Highland Avenue to Jct. 1-215, add one lane.
. SR-30 EB and WB from Jct. 1-215 to H Street, add one lane each direction.
. SR-30 EB and WB from H Street to SR-259 add one lane each direction.
. SR-30 EB from SR-259 to Waterman Avenue, add one lane.
· 1-215 NB and SB from Jct. 1-10 to Orange Show Road, add one lane.
. 1-215 NB from Jct. SR 66 to Baseline Street, add three lanes.
· 1-215 SB from Jct. SR 66 to Baseline Street, add two lanes.
· 1-215 NB and SB from Jct. SR 66 to University Parkway, add one lane.
5.14.6.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.14-1A
Prior to issuance of occupancy permits the project applicant shall be required to
complete or bond for the costs of engineering and construction of the following
project related traffic improvements or equivalent for Phase I (as detailed in the
traffic study) impacts of 2007:
· Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street. Install signalization with permitted
phasing.
· Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street. Install signalization with permitted
phasing.
AHS 5.14-1B
Prior to issuance of occupancy permits for Phase II (as detailed in the traffic study)
and all phases thereafter the project applicant shall be required to complete or
bond for the costs of engineering and construction of the following project related
traffic improvements or equivalent for impacts due to full build-out of the project:
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.14-43
5.
Environmental Analysis
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· Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street. Install protected phasing and one addi-
tional WB right-turn lane, and one additional SB right-turn lane, both with
overlap right-turn phasing.
-
-
· Harrison Parkway (new) @ 40th Street. Install signalization, permitted
phasing and two NB left-turn lanes, one NB right-turn lane, an exclusive EB
right-turn lane and an exclusive WB left-turn lane
.,
· Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street. Install signalization and permitted
phasing.
-
· 30th Street @ Lynwood Drive. Reconfigure intersection to align with new
Harrison Parkway and install signal.
-
· Waterman Avenue @ 40th Street. Add an exclusive right-turn lane in each
direction and westbound right-turn overlap phasing.
..
· Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street. Install signal and permitted phasing.
· Village Parkway @ 40th Street. Install signal with protected EW phasing
and the intersection configuration of; two SB left-turn lanes, one SB right-
turn lane, two EB thru-Ianes, one EB left-turn lane, two WB thru-Ianes and
one WB right-turn lane.
......'
5.14.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
5.14.7.1 San Bernardino General Plan
Although the mitigation measures listed above would mitigate GP Impact 5.14-1, the following impact would
remain significant:
...
. GP Impact 5.14-2
While potential impacts to the freeway mainline segments and ramps have been evaluated and mitigation
measures suggested to reduce impacts, improvements to the freeway system are the responsibility of the
existing regional transportation agencies and not the City of San Bernardino. Without the authority to
implement the mitigation measures, the impact to freeway segments would remain significant and
unavoidable requiring a statement of overriding considerations.
...
..
5.14.7.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with transportation and
traffic to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to
transportation and traffic have been identified. Table 5.14-16 shows the results of intersection LOS analysis
before and after mitigation measures for the year 2007.
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Page 5.14-44 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.14-16
Before and After Mitigation Level of Service Summary
2007 Conditions
Peak Conditions Before Mitigation Conditions After Mitigation
Intersection Hour LOS Delay VIC LOS Delay VIC
Waterman Avenue at 36th Street AM F 64.9 - A 3.8 0.572
PM E 43.7 - B 3.4 0.501
Waterman Avenue at 34th Street AM A 1.3 - A 3.3 0.569
PM F 73.6 - A 3.3 0.517
Note: Only those intersections operating at unacceptable LOS D, E or F were Mitigated per CMP gUidelines.
Table 5.14-17 shows the results of intersection LOS analysis before and after above mitigation measures.
Table 5.14-17
Before and After Mitigation Level of Service Summary
2030 Conditions
Peak Conditions Before Mitigation Conditions AflerMitigation
Intersection Hour LOS Delay VIC LOS Delay VIC
Waterman Avenue at 40th Street AM C 30.8 0.856 C 27.1 0.764
PM 0 51.5 1.033 C 32.1 0.881
Waterman Avenue at 36th Street AM F 58.4 - A 3.4 0.537
PM F 99.1 - B 11.4 0.782
Waterman Avenue at 34th Street AM 0 27.5 - A 2.8 0.544
PM F 125.2 - A 3.5 0.610
Waterman Avenue at 30th Street AM F 115.6 1.222 0 51.7 0.928
PM F 88.8 1.200 0 38.9 0.912
Village Parkway at 40th Street AM C 22.4 0.784 B 15.5 0.503
PM F 143.5 1.271 C 21.7 0.747
Harrison Parkway at 40th Street AM F Overflow - B 14.8 0.607
PM F Overflow - C 28.7 0.907
30th Street at Lynwood Drive AM 0 25.8 - A 8.9 -
(Unsignalized) PM F 185.3 - C 19.0 -
Note: Only those intersections operating at unacceptable LOS D, E or F were Mitigated per CMP guidelines.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EI R
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.] 4-45
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
5.15 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
This section addresses utilities and service systems including: Water Supply and Distribution Systems,
Wastewater Treatment and Collection, Storm Drain Systems, and Solid Waste. The analysis in the section is
based in part on service questionnaires (see appendix E, Volume I) and the following technical reports:
. Del Rosa Mutual Water Company Water Supply Assessment for Arrowhead Springs Development, Del
Rosa Mutual Water Company, May 2005 (Revised).
. Domestic Water, Irrigation Water, Wastewater and Recycled Water Facility Plan for Arrowhead Springs
Property, American Development group, May 2005 (Revised).
. Arrowhead Springs Annexation Study: Plan for Service, City of San Bernardino, Development
Services Department, City of San Bernardino, prepared by Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, May 2
2005.
5.15.1 Water Supply and Distribution Systems
5.15.1.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino General Plan
Water Supply
Domestic water service to the City of San Bernardino and Sphere of Influence (SOl) is provided by the San
Bernardino Municipal Water Department (SBMWD) and the East Valley Water District (EVWD). Water service
is provided for single-family, multiple-family, commercial, light industrial, governmental, and landscaping
purposes. The SBMWD serves an area of approximately 43 square miles with 35,246 service connections.
The Department produces over 497 gallons per capita per day, with the average consumption use reaching
330 gallons per capita per day. Currently, the SBMWD available groundwater supply is approximately 49,460
acre-feet per year or 16.1 billion gallons per year. The EVWD serves the eastern portion of San Bernardino
planning area, serving approximately 28.5 square miles. In 2004, the District produced approximately 24,276
acre-feet of water per year. Together, the SBMWD and EVWD produce approximately 73,736 acre-feet per
year.
~
The primary source of water for SBMWD and the EVWD is groundwater from the Bunker Hill Sub-Basin. The
basin is replenished naturally by local precipitation and by stream flow from rain and snowmelt from the San
Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains.' The Santa Ana River, Mill Creek, and Lytle Creek contribute more
than 60 percent of the total recharge to the ground water system (see Section 5.7, Hydrology). The sub-basin
is also replenished by percolation of water diverted to spreading grounds (percolation basins), such as those
that flank the northern boundary of the City at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. While groundwater
is the principal source of supply in the planning area, other sources of water supply include the State Water
Project (SWP). The Bunker Hill Sub-basin has a total capacity of 5,976,000 acre-feet, and total storage of
5,890,300 acre-feet (1.9 billion gallons) (1998) of water per year. Distribution of the groundwater water to
more than 20 local public and private water suppliers within the San Bernardino Basin is managed through
the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (SBVMWD).
San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (SBVMWD) was formed in 1954 to plan long-range water
supply for the San Bernardino Valley. It imports water into its service area through participation in the
California State Water Project and manages groundwater storage within its boundaries. SBVMWD covers
I City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department, Urban Water Management Plan Update for the Planning Period 2000-2020.
January 2002.
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-1
5. Environmental Analysis
about 325 square miles and includes the cities and communities of San Bernardino, and other cities within
the region. The District's responsibility for long-range water supply planning includes importing supplemental
water and management of the groundwater basins within its boundaries. The District maintains groundwater
supplies in three groundwater basins: Bunker Hill, Yucaipa, and San Timoteo. The District is legally
responsible to maintain the groundwater level in the Bunker Hill Aquifer at the designated "safe yield",
currently 167,000 acre-feet year (54.4 billion gallons). The safe yield is the annual amount of water that can
be taken from a source of supply over a period of years without depleting that source beyond its ability to be
replenished naturally in "wet years." Currently extraction from the basin does not exceed natural or artificial
recharge. In addition to safe yield supplies, the Bunker Hill Basin has over 250,000 acre-feet of contaminated
water; sources of contamination include the Norton Air Force Base and Leaking Undergound Storage Tanks
which are discussed in Section 5.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials. 2
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Water Distribution
The SBMWD distributes to over 151,000 residents in the City. SBMWD facilities include 60 active wells, four
treatment plants with capacity of 50 million gallons per day, 32 reservoirs with a total capacity of more than
100 million gallons (MG) of domestic storage water capacity, 27 chlorination facilities, and 66 booster pump
stations. The distribution system includes approximately 551 miles of water mains, 41,317 active water
meters and over 4,000 fire hydrants.
...
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The EVWD system facilities consist of approximately 150 miles of pipeline, 13 wells, 14.2 MG of storage
facilities, and 41 booster stations.
-
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
8'
Water Supply
The Del Rosa Mutual Water Company (DRMWC) and the West Twin Creek Water Company currently provide
water for the existing facilities on the Arrowhead Springs property. The DRMWC owns the rights to water from
the EastTwin Creek watershed through a pre-1914 right and by virtue of Judgment31798, October 19,1931.
West Twin Water Company was awarded rights in West Twin Creek in Case No. 4733 dated June 14, 1894.
...
Current domestic water supply is obtained under permit from the County of San Bernardino, Department of
Environmental Health from four relatively shallow wells constructed within the project area: Rods Well,
Football Field, Rowan Well, and Strawberry Creek Well. Irrigation water is obtained from surface water
diversions on East Twin Creek in Coldwater Canyon and West Twin Creek. Domestic and irrigation water use
is approximately 81.21 acre-feet and 1,768.33 acre-feet, respectively.
...
...
Additional supply of imported water can be obtained from the State Project Water (SPW) through the San
Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District which contracts for 102,600 acre-feet of water annually. In case of
water shortage, the DRMWC maintains a Water Shortage Contingency Plan that contains an Emergency
Fund and a Contamination Fund.
...
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Water Distribution
Currently, there are two separate water systems (domestic and irrigation water) that serve the existing
development area of approximately 200 acres. Each system has its own reservoir and distribution pipelines.
The domestic system reservoir holds approximately 396,000 gallons and is used exclusively for drinking
water, which is chlorinated at all times. The irrigation system reservoir holds 325,000 gallons including
125,000 gallons in reserve for fire fighting. Fire hydrants are connected to the irrigation system.
...
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2 California's Groundwater Bulletin 118, Hydrologic Region South Coast Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin,
Bunker Hill Subbasin.
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Page 5.15-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.15.1.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project:
WS-1 Would require or result in the construction of new water treatment facilities or expansion of
existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects.
WS-2 Would not have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing
entitlements and resources, and new and/or expanded entitlements would be needed.
5.15.1.3 Environmentallmpacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.15-1:
UPGRADES TO THE EXISITING WATER SUPPLY AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS
WOULD BE REQUIRED TO ADEQUA TEL Y SERVE FUTURE GROWTH IN ACCOR-
DANCE WITH THE PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN BUILD-OUT. [THRESHOLD WS-1
AND WS-2]
Impact Analysis: The City of San Bernardino is home to approximately 185,401 people. Upon build-out of
the San Bernardino General Plan, the maximum population of the planning area could reach 316,241 people.
This population growth would result in increased withdrawals of groundwater within the Bunker Hill
Groundwater Basin.
~
Currently the annual water demand is approximately 330 gallons of water per person per day or 120,450
gallons per person per year. The total demand is approximately 61 ,182,330 gallons per person per day or
22,331,550,450 gallons per year (68,533 acre-feet per year).
The continued development of the City would increase citywide total domestic water demand to
approximately 105,349,530 gallons per day or 38,452,578,000 gallons per year (118,007 acre-feet) upon
General Plan build-out. Build-out of the general plan will increase water use by 50,647,377 gallons per day or
16,121,028,000 gallons per year (49,474 acre-feet), increasing approximately 72 percent. Currently, the
EVWD and SBMWD produce a combined total of approximately 73,736 acre-feet per year, 44,271 acre-feet
per year less than the future demand. Water treatment plants would require expansion to meetthe increased
demand.
Furthermore, although Bunker Hill has a safe yield of 167,000 acre-feet (54.4 billion gallons) per year and
excess of approximately 50,000 acre-feet, the City of San Bernardino's total future demand represents
approximately 71 percent of the total available supply in Bunker Hill, increasing 30 percent from 41 percent.
As discussed above, Bunker Hill Sub-Basin provides water to over 20 local and private water suppliers,
serving approximately 500,000 people.3 Assuming similar trends, other areas within the San Bernardino
Valley will increase future demands as a result of population growth therefore creating more demand on the
Bunker Hill Basin. Project-specific impacts are more or less on a per meter basis, depending on a variety of
factors such as the type of development, the density of residential developments, and the level and type of
landscaping and water-dependent amenities within each project. According to the City of San Bernardino
32000 Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report, City of San Bernardino Municipal Water District. http://www.cLsan-
bernardino .ca .us/pdf/Water /
Genera! Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5. 15-3
5. Environmental Analysis
Municipal Water Department (SBMWD), water shortages have not been experienced by the department nor
are they anticipated within this planning period based on current growth projections, hydrologic conditions,
and the amount of groundwater in storage at the Bunker Hill Groundwater Basin.
"'"
The SBVMWD is legally responsible to maintain the groundwater level in the Bunker Hill Aquifer at the
designated safe yield, and is responsible to obtain water through other means, including SWP and local
runoff, to support the population within San Bernardino Valley Basin. The SBVMWD has secured a contract
for 1 02,600 acre-feet per year of water from the SWP alone. The SBVMWD4 recognizes that future demands
for water will increase and be significantly greater than the combined yield of local ground water and surface
water supplies under existing conditions. The focus of The Regional Water Facilities Master Plan is to give
highest priority for further development of local supplies, with imported water being used to meet the
remaining needs. Included in the Master Plan are a number of proposed water resource management
strategies in order to increase production within its jurisdiction.
.".,
fIII;l'"
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Furthermore, the SBMWD has established guidelines for water conservation and an enforcement plan as a
part of its resolution adopting the 2000 Urban Water Management Plan Update (UWMPU) for the planning
period 2000-2020. The UWMPU is in conjunction with the Drought Contingency Plan, Emergency Water
Shortage Plan, State Water Project, and various water conservation programs.
Future infrastructure development such as treatment plants would be subject to CEQA review and
subsequent mitigation for potential adverse impacts on the environment.
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Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
Utilities Element
Policy 9.3.1: Provide for the construction of upgraded and expanded water supply, transmission,
distribution, storage, and treatment facilities to support existing and new development.
....
Policy 9.3.2: Maintain and replace existing water supply, transmission, distribution, storage systems, and
treatment facilities as necessary.
Policy 9.3.4: Require adequate water supply, transmission, distribution, storage, and treatment facilities to
be operational prior to the issuance of certificates of occupancy.
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Policy 9.3.5: Monitor the demands on the water system and, as necessary, manage development to
mitigate impacts and/or facilitate improvements.
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Policy 9.3.6: Impose limits on new water hook-ups, if necessary, to comply with available domestic water
supply.
l!'P
Policy 9.3.7: Request the Board of Water Commissioners to evaluate the Water System Master Plan, as
necessary, to accurately determine which water facilities will be needed to serve present and future growth in
the City.
!I1Il<lI"
Policy 9.10.1: Require that new development proposals bear the cost to improve wastewater collection and
treatment facilities, water supply transmission, distribution, storage, and treatment facilities, and storm drain
and flood control facilities as necessitated by the proposed project. This shall be accomplished either
through the payment of fees, or by the actual construction of the improvements.
""'*'.
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4 The Regional Water Facilities Master Plan. SBVMWD, 1995.
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Page 5.15-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 9.10.2: Collect adequate amounts of fees and charges to fund the operation/maintenance of existing
facilities and to construct new facilities.
Policy 9.10.3: Review utility, capacity, and infrastructure fees, as well as development, acquisition of
service, and monthly service charges on an annual basis to ensure that adequate amounts of fees and
charges are collected to fund the operation/maintenance of existing facilities and to construct new facilities.
Policy 9.10.4: Provide public funding support for expansion and upgrading of public utilities and
infrastructure when improvements will provide substantial public benefit to the City.
Policy 9.10.5: Allow the formation of benefit assessment districts and community facilities districts, where
appropriate, in which those who benefit from specific improvements pay a pro rata share of the costs.
Safety Element
Policy 10.4.1: Promote integrated inter-agency review and participation in water resource evaluation and
mitigation programs.
Policy 10.4.2: Protect surface water and groundwater from contamination.
Policy 10.4.3: Eliminate or remediate old sources of water contamination generated by hazardous materials
and uses.
Energy and Water Element
Policy 13.2.1: Coordinate and monitor the City's water conservation efforts on an annual basis and modify
or expand them as necessary to ensure their effectiveness.
~
Policy 13.2.2: Require that development not degrade surface or groundwater, especially in watersheds, or
areas with high groundwater tables or highly permeable soils.
Policy 13.2.3: Consider the establishment of incentives, funding programs, or a rebate program for projects
that implement water conservation measures, such as replacing aging, leaking, and/or inefficient plumbing
with more efficient, water-saving plumbing.
Policy 13.2.4: Require the use of reclaimed water for landscape irrigation and other non-contact uses for
industrial projects, golf courses, and freeways.
Policy 13.2.5: Mitigate degradation of the groundwater basins that may have already occurred by existing
commercial, industrial, and other uses.
Policy 13.2.6: Require the replacement of existing septic systems with connections to a sanitation collection
and treatment system as a condition of reconstruction or reuse.
Policy 13.2.7: Require that new development incorporate improvements to channel storm runoff to public
storm drainage systems and prevent discharge of pollutants into the groundwater basins and waterways.
Policy 13.2.8: Require that development in the City's watersheds incorporate adequate landscape and
groundcover to prevent slope erosion and significant sedimentation of canyon drainages.
Policy 13.2.9: Continue to inform the public about water conservation, techniques and available water
conservation programs they can utilize.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.15-5
5. Environmental Analysis
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.15-1: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARROWHEAD SPRINGS SPECIFIC PLAN WOULD
REQUIRE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW WATER SYSTEM AND INCREASE ON-
SITE WA TER DEMAND BY APPROXIMA TEL Y 4,035 ACRE-FEET A T BUILD-OUT.
[THRESHOLD WS-1 AND WS-2]
Impact Analysis: Arrowhead Springs Water & Power (AWP) would be responsible for the design,
construction, and operation of any and all water distribution systems within the project, with water supplied
through either West Twin Creek Water Company or the Del Rosa Mutual Water Company. AWP would
manage the water resources at Arrowhead Springs through sale of both domestic and irrigation water. The
existing domestic and irrigation water distribution systems would be completely replaced with new expanded
storage, treatment and distribution systems as described in Chapter 3.0, illustrated in Figure 3.3-7 and Figure
3.3-8 and detailed in Appendix J. The domestic and irrigation water distribution systems would be located
separately but within the same rights-of-way in existing or proposed roadways in most areas. However, some
reservoirs and pipelines would need to be located outside of the grading footprint shown on Figure 3.3-6 to
achieve the appropriate elevation to pressurize the system. Locating these reservoirs outside the grading
footprint would cause additional removal of vegetation and grading to establish the pad site and an access
road. Some reservoirs may be visible to travelers on SR-18, new residents within the development and
residential communities to the southeast and southwest of the property boundary. Impacts on the
environment from development of the domestic and irrigation water systems have been documented in
Section 5.1, Aesthetics; Section 5.3 Biological Resources; and Section 5.7, Hydrology and Water Quality.
Water Demand
The domestic water requirements for Arrowhead Springs are based upon the criteria established in the
facilities plan for the development (described in Section 3.02 of Appendix J, Volume III). These requirements
are summarized in Table 5.15-1 on the following page. The domestic water requirement would include
drinking water for the commercial, office and residential areas including irrigation of residential landscaping
and fire flow.
Table 5.15-1
Facility Description, EDU's, and Average Annual
Domestic Water Requirement
Equivalent
Dwelling Units
(EDU)'
Facility Description
Residential
Water Required
(Gallons per
Day)
RL - North 24 15,360
RL - South 12 7,680
RM - Residential 980 627,200
RM - Senior 1 188 120,320
CR-2 - Residential 34 21,760
Totals 1,238 792,320
Commercial and Onice
CG-1 7 4,480
CR-2 - Commercial 125 80,000
CG-1-WP 13 8,320
CR-2 - Corp. Office 195 124,800
PCR 14 8,960
Page 5.15-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
omes IC a er eqUlremen
Equivalent Water Required
Dwelling Units (Gallons per
Facility Description (EDU)' Day)
Totals 354 226,560
HQtliI/Cb!i'lit~!i~li[Oe!iler '[.'X/. .'0 . "". ..,
CG-1-H/S (250 rooms + 8 units) 422 265,600
CG-1-H/S (50 rooms) 110 74,880
CG-1-H/S (300 rooms) 313 200,320
Totals 845 540,800
Grand Total 2,437 1,559,680
Table 5.15-1
Facility Description, EDU's, and Average Annual
D t" W t R t
'Domestic water requirements for all land uses (commercial, office and residential) have been converted
to "Equivalent Dwelling Units" so a common factor is created for all water use facilities. An Equivalent
Dweiling Unit is equal to the projected water use of a single-family home. In this respect, the Equivalent
Dweiling Unit is calculated to be 200 gallons per day per person multiplied by an occupancy of 3.2 peopie
per household, which equates to an annual average water use of 640 gallons per day
The average daily domestic water requirement at full build-out would be 1,559,680 gallons per day. This
amount equals an annual water requirement of approximately 1,993 acre-feet of water per year. Drought
years may cause the demand for water to increase to approximately 2,154 acre-feet per year.
Irrigation system would supply water for irrigation of the 199 acre golf course, parks, fuel modification zone,
and other landscaped common areas. The average annual demand for irrigation water has been estimated
to be 2,042 acre-feet.
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Water Supply Analysis
An adequate supply of domestic and irrigation water for development of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
is dependant on stream flows in the East Twin Creek and West Twin Creek watersheds, on-site wells and
recycled wastewater. The East Twin Creek watershed has averaged 4,262 acre-feet per year during the
period from 1921 through 1998 but the flow has varied from a high of 16,750 acre-feet per year to a low of
612 acre-feet per year during this same time period. With an average annual domestic water requirement of
1,993 acre-feet, the project could obtain all of its domestic water from the East Twin Creek watershed in an
average year. However in a low flow year, an additional 1 ,381 acre-feet of water would need to be obtained
from the Bunker Hill Sub-basin and if the water flow is as low as 612 acre-feet the area is most likely in a
drought condition which would increase demand to 2,154 acre-feet per year. In a worst case situation such
as this, 1,542 acre-feet per year or more may be needed from the wells in the Bunker Hill Sub-basin for
domestic water. The East Twin Creek Watershed may also present a difficulty when treating water as a result
of wildfires and/or turbidity necessitating an increase on reliance of well water in the basin. In the event of
multiple dry years when little if any water has flowed into the basin and there is not an adequate balance
(from previous years) for withdrawal by wells, the DRMWC would be allowed to contract for additional water
in the basin due to an overlapping service boundary. The Bunker Hill Sub-basin would have adequate
supplies to meet this demand if needed (see discussion under San Bernardino General Plan Update). Prior
to final determination of treatment and disinfectant for use as drinking water and in accordance with
regulations of the Safe Drinking Water Act found in California Health and Safety Code, Title 22, a Watershed
Sanitary Survey would need to be completed and approved along with numerous other permit requirements
before operation of the system can begin.
General Plan Update and AJSociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 5.15-7
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5. Environmental Analysis
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Water for irrigation would be supplied by the West Twin Creek Water Company through a diversion on West
Twin Creek, recycled wastewater generated on the project site or wells in the Bunker Hill Sub-basin. The flow
in West Twin Creek has been as low as 192 acre-feet a year and as high as 10,700 acre-feet a year with an
average of 2,491 acre-feet per year calculated over the years between 1921 and 1998. It is estimated that 977
acre-feet of recycled wastewater would be available at full build-out for use as irrigation water (see Section
5.15.2) and 13 acre-feet would be available from the Steam Cave Well. Therefore, approximately 1,952 acre-
feet of an estimated irrigation demand of 2,042 acre-feet would need to be obtained from either West Twin
Creek or wells in the basin. As with the water from East Twin Creek in years of high flow water would be
allowed to flow into the spreading basins for extraction by wells in years of low water flow. Biological
resource constraints may prevent extraction of all water in low water years which would create a shortfall of
more than 1,700 acre-feet that would need to be obtained from wells in the basin (if the historic low was
allowed to flow unimpeded). In an average year West Twin Creek would be able to supply approximately
600 acre-feet, requiring 650 acre-feet to be obtained from wells in the Bunker Hill Basin.
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The combined domestic and irrigation water average annual demand for the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan development would be 4,035 acre-feet. In an average year there would be enough water flow in both
watersheds to supply all but 650 ace-feet of water which would be obtained from the wells in the basin. On
average the excess water flow into the basin would balance the amount to be extracted by wells as
supplement for low flow years. Only in extreme periods drought would amounts up to 3,494 acre-feet
(combined) need to be withdrawn from wells in the basin as a worst case scenario. In the event of a
sustained drought over a number of years, the Bunker Hill sub-basin would have adequate supplies to meet
this demand.
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The development of the expanded water supply and distribution system requires permitting through the
State Department of Heath Services and reassertion of water rights with the State to extract a far greater
amount of water than has previously been utilized. Although the analysis indicates that by using flow
"averages" there would appear to be adequate water for the new system, the practice of "balancing" low
flow years with water from the Bunker Hill sub-basin has not been proven or approved nor is there certainty
regarding quantities of water granted through the exercise of water rights.
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5.15.1.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
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San Bernardino
· Senate Bill 610 (Chapter 643, Statutes of 2001) and Senate Bill 221 (Chapter 642, Statutes of 2001)
amended State law, effective January 1, 2002, to improve the link between information of water
supply availability and certain land use decisions made by cities and counties. SB 610 and SB 221
are companion measures which seek to promote more collaborative planning between local water
suppliers and cities and counties. Both statutes require detailed information regarding water
availability to be provided to the city and county decision-makers prior to approval of specified large
development projects. Both statutes also require this detailed information be included in the
administrative record that serves as the evidentiary basis for an approval action by the city or county
on such projects. Both measures recognize local control and decision making regarding the
availability of water for projects and the approval of projects.
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· Under SB 610, water assessments must be furnished to local governments for inclusion in any
environmental documentation for certain projects (as defined in Water Code Section 10912[a])
subject to the CEQA. Under SB 221, approval by a city or county of certain residential subdivisions
requires an affirmative verification of sufficient water supply. SB 221 is intended as a 'fail safe'
mechanism to ensure that collaboration on finding the needed water supplies to serve a new large
subdivision occurs before construction begins.
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Page 5.15-8 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
. All projects must comply with Section 405 of the Clean Water Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act
(SWDA) and State regulations contained in any applicable State sludge management plan prepared
pursuant to Subtitle D of the SWDA, the Clean Air Act. the Toxic Substances Control Act, and the
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
Arrowhead Springs
The California State Department of Health Services, Division of Drinking Water and Environmental
Management, administers the following codes and regulations relating to water supply and delivery systems:
. California Health & Safety Code, Division 104, Environmental Health, Part 12, Drinking Water,
Chapter 4 - Safe Drinking Water Act, Chapter 5 - Water Equiprnent, and Chapter 7 - Water Supply
contain the statues governing the water quality, development of infrastructure and water supply for
domestic drinking water systems.
. Title 22, Division 4 Environmental Health includes Chapter 4 Water Treatment Devices, Chapter 13
Operator Certification (contains requirements for operating a water system), Chapter 14 Water
Permits, Chapter 15 Domestic Water Quality & Monitoring Regulations, Chapter 16 California
Waterworks Standards (sets forth criteria for distribution system design and construction standards),
Chapter 17 surface Water Treatment (includes the provision of Article 7 to complete a Watershed
Sanitary Survey)
. California Code of Regulations, Title 23, Administration of Water Rights
California Water Code largely administered by the State Water Resources Board has regulations regarding
the appropriation of water for beneficial uses including the following:
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. Division 2-Water, Part 2-Appropriation of Water, Chapter 2-Application To Appropriate Water; Section
1250-1276; Chapter 3-Notice of Application, Section 1300-1335; Chapter 6-Permits, Section 1375-
1410.2.
5.15.1.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
Upon implementation of relevant policies, programs, regulatory requirements and standard conditions of
approval, the following impacts would be potentially significant:
GP Impact 5.15-1
The General Plan Update contains policies, and programs encouraging water
conservation. Although analysis shows supplies may be adequate for the San
Bernardino planning area, cumulative use of water in the Bunker Hill sub-basin by
all surrounding water providers may cause stress on the basin and necessitate
additional importation of water causing a potentially significant impact on water
supplies for the region.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS Impact 5.15-1
The environmental impact of constructing of the water distribution system for the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan project has been analyzed throughout this EIR as
part of the development as a whole and calculation of "average" water supply
indicates that a sufficient supply is potentially available. However, the system has
not been permitted by the appropriate agencies and amount of water granted
through existing water rights has not been definitively determined.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plan fIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.] 5-9
5. Environmental Analysis
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5.15.1.6 Mitigation Measures
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San Bernardino General Plan
GP5.15-1
In accordance with the State Water Code (Section 10610-10645), the City shall
maintain an updated Urban Water Management Plan (Water System Management
Plan) which describes and evaluates sources of supply, reasonable and practical
efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities, necessary to
adequately serve future growth pursuant to the City's General Plan.
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS 5.15-1 Prior to approval of the first Tentative Tract Map, evidence shall be provided to
Public Works/Engineering that appropriate water rights have been granted through
the State and the drinking water system has obtained all appropriate operating and
design permits through the California State Department of Heath Services.
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5.15.1.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
....
San Bernardino General Plan
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with water supply and
distribution to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts
relating to water supply and distribution have been identified.
......
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
.'
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with water supply and
distribution to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts
relating to water supply and distribution have been identified.
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5.15.2 Wastewater Treatment and Collection
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5.15.2.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino General Plan
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Wastewater Treatment
The SBMWD owns and has operated the San Bernardino Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) also known as the
Margaret H Chandler Water Reclamation Plant since 1973, treating both residential and industrial
wastewater. The WRP treatment process includes screening, grit removal, primary clarification, activated
sludge (biological oxidation) with nitrification and de-nitrification and secondary clarification, ensuring all
water discharged into the Santa Ana River is properly treated. The WRP is a Secondary Treatment facility
serving a population of over 185,000 including the cities of San Bernardino and Loma Linda, the East Valley
Water District customers (some of which are within the City of San Bernardino), the San Bernardino
International Airport, Patton State Hospital, and parts of San Bernardino County. The wastewater facility,
which includes both primary and secondary treatment, has the capacity to process 33 MGD and currently
processes 28 MGD. In March 1996, the City of San Bernardino and the City of Colton jointly opened the
Rapid Infiltration and Extraction (RIX) facility, where secondary-treated water undergoes the final filtering and
disinfecting process to produce wastewater that is superior or equivalent to that produced by conventional
filtration systems and is suitable for recycling into the Santa Ana River. The RIX (tertiary treatment) facility has
a capacity of 40.0 MGD and currently treats 32 MGD.
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Page 5.15-10 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
Wastewater Collection
In 2002 the City Public Works/Engineering Division prepared a master plan for the wastewater collection
system that identified the existing conditions and potential improvements to the system (City of SB, 2002).
This report, which is available at the Public Works/Engineering Division, has detailed mapping of the existing
system. The collection system varies in size from 4" to 54". The report indicated that flows are fed into the
WRP by three (3) trunk lines: Arrowhead, "E" Street, and the East Side trunks. The average inflows for the
three trunk lines recorded by the City of San Bernardino Water Department are listed in Table 5.15-2.
Table 5.15-2
San Bernardino Wastewater Reclamation Plant Trunk Unes
Trunk Name/Location Size (inches) Material aa~ * (MGD)
Arrowhead: Arrowhead Avenue & Orange Show Road 54 RCP 8.04
"E" Street: "E" Street & Chandler Place 20 CI 3.06
East Side: Amos Avenue & Dumas Street 54 RCP 14.23
'Per the City of San Bernardino Water Department for the year 2001.
In addition to the flows generated by the City, the SBWRP also collects flows from the adjacent City of Loma
Linda to the south and the East Valley Water District (EVWD) to the east. The City of Loma Linda uses two
interconnections (18" and 21 ") to the City's collection system located south ofthe Interstate 10 Freeway just
east of Waterman Avenue. These flows are routed to the WRP via the "E" Street trunk line where flows from
the southern and south-central potion of the City are also collected. To the east, the EVWD uses a single 48-
inch interconnection to the City's wastewater collection system. These flows are routed to the East Side trunk
line along with the flows generated by the southeast corner of the City. The Arrowhead trunk line collects the
remaining portion of the City that equates to 56 percent of the average annual total inflow into the WRP. The
report also states that because the City is a foothill community there are various sized drainage channels
cutting though that present problems for gravity fed pipelines causing the City to place many siphons and lift
stations throughout. At the time the report was compiled it was estimated that there were 45,000 connections
to the system served by San Bernardino and out of a total of 750,718 linear feet of pipeline, 49,345 feet of
pipe was determined to have deficiencies in terms of pipe capacity.
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The City Public Works/Engineering Division is responsible for the design, construction, maintenance and
operation of wastewater collection facilities within the City service area. Other wastewater collection facilities
within the City of San Bernardino are operated by the East Valley Water District (EVWD), San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center, and the City of Loma Linda. The EVWD provides service to the
eastern portion of the City of San Bernardino, Loma Linda provides service to the southern portion of the
planning area and all wastewater obtained is routed to the City's collection facilities prior to treatment at
WRP.
Septic Tanks
The City allows the use of septic systems on a limited basis as outlined in Section 13.31.500 of the City
Municipal Code.
Septic tanks are permitted by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board pursuant to applicable City
and County policies. Therefore, portions of the City's Sphere of Influence are being developed with septic
systems.
Genera! Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-11
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5.
Environmental Analysis
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
""'c
The existing wastewater collection system is limited to the existing facilities within the developed area of
Arrowhead Springs that covers about 200 acres. Primary treatment is provided by site Imhoff Tank style
treatment plant located in the southern portion of the property. Discharge from the plant to adjacent settling
ponds is permitted under Board Order No. 86-100 issued by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control
Board (SARWQCB). The Board Order allows a discharge of up to 300,000 gallons per day. Sludge disposal
from the plant has been a concern in the past according to the Phase I Report prepared for the proposed
project (See Appendix E). At times in the past sludge had been mixed with saw dust and used in the nearby
field. More recently sludge has been accumulating in drying beds but the quantity of effluent treated has also
been greatly reduced from previous years. Additional discussion of existing conditions regarding sludge can
be found in Section 5.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials.
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5.15.2.2 Threshold of Significance
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According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the
environment if the project:
,...
WW-1
Would exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality
Control Board.
WW-2
Would require or result in the construction of new wastewater treatment facilities or
expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant
environmental effects.
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WW-3
Would result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may
serve the project that is has inadequate capacity to serve the project's projected demand in
addition to the provider's existing commitments.
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5.15.2.3 Environmentallmpacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
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San Bernardino General Plan
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GP IMPACT 5.15-2:
PROJECT-GENERATED WASTEWATER COULD NOT BE ADEQUATELY TREATED
BY THE WASTEWA TER SERVICE PROVIDER FOR THE PROJECT. [THRESHOLDS
WW-1, WW-2, AND WW-3]
IJIIIII'
Impact Analysis: According to the 2000 US Census the population for the City of San Bernardino in 2000
was 185,401. The predicted population at build-out of the General Plan is 316,241 persons which represents
an increase of 70.5 percent over the 2000 Census population figure. No date has been established for when
this build-out projection would occur. The WRP serves a larger population than the just the City of San
Bernardino and the exact contribution of wastewater from the other jurisdictions has not been determined
however San Bernardino is the largest contributor. If similar increases in population occur as well in those
other jurisdictions that also utilize the WRP due to similar patterns of development as envisioned for San
Bernardino, the existing flow to the WRP of 28 MGD could be expected to increase cumulatively by
20.2 MGD for a total flow of 48.2 MGD. This amount would exceed the existing design capacity of 33 MGD by
15.2 MGD. Using the same assumptions, the RIX facility would experience an increase of 23.1 MGD
cumulatively, which would exceed the existing design capacity of 40 MGD by 15.1 MGD. Additional facilities
would need to be built or expansion of existing facilities would need to be completed to accommodate the
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Page 5.15-12 -The Pfanning Centel'
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
proposed build-out in the service area of the WRP. Since the City is the largest contributor of wastewater
flows to the WRP, the increase in population from build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan alone would
most likely exceed design capacity of both facilities.
The wastewater collection system is currently experiencing deficiencies and the Wastewater Collection
System Master Plan report of 2002 predicted an increase in system pipe capacity deficiencies to 57,022 out
of 750,718 linear feet of pipe by the year 2025. That report was not based on the build-out projections
presented in this EIR. It does provide a clear indication, however that the wastewater collection system could
have even greater deficiencies if the General Plan is builds out as projected.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
Utility Element
Policy 9.1.1: Provide for the construction of upgraded and expanded wastewater collection and treatment
improvements to support existing and new development, and to meet usage requirements and maximize
cost efficiency, especially in areas where existing systems are deficient.
Policy 9.1.2: Maintain and replace existing wastewater collection and treatment facilities as necessary.
Policy 9.1.3: Require new development to connect to a master planned sanitary sewer system in
accordance with the City of San Bernardino Municipal Code. Where construction of master planned facilities
is not feasible, the Mayor and Common Council may permit the construction of interim facilities sufficient to
serve the present and short-term needs.
Policy 9.1.4: Evaluate the City's Sewer Collection System Master Plan and the Board of Water Com-
missioner's Master Plan for Wastewater Treatment Facilities as necessary to accurately determine which
collection and treatment facilities will be needed to serve present and future growth in the City.
~
Policy 9.1.5: Review development proposals for projects within the City's Sphere of Influence and request
the County to disapprove any project that cannot be served with adequate public wastewater collection and
treatment facilities.
Policy 9.2.1: Provide for the monitoring of toxic or potentially toxic businesses to prevent contamination of
water and wastewater.
Policy 9.2.2: Require, when necessary, pre-treatment of wastewater from industrial sources prior to
treatment at the Water Reclamation Facility.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.15-2: PROJECT-GENERATED WASTEWATER COULD BE ADEQUATELY COLLECTED
AND TREA TED BY THE WASTEWATER SERVICE PROVIDER FOR THE PROJECT
HOWEVER SOME RELATED FACILITY OPERATIONS MAY AFFECT THE
ENVIRONMENT. [THRESHOLDS WW-1, WW-2, AND WW-3]
The amount of wastewater to be generated from the development is a function of the amount of wastewater
discharged by each person, occupancy per dwelling unit and the amount of discharge from commercial
areas which has been converted to "Equivalent Dwelling Units." The criteria used to develop the projected
quantity of wastewater and the calculation of peaks flows can be found in Volume III, Appendix J. The
average daily flow has been calculated to be approximately 889,920 gallon per day. The proposed
wastewater treatment facility would be designed to accommodate 0.90million gallons per day which would
be adequate to handle the projected generation of wastewater based upon engineering calculations. The
proposed wastewater treatment plant and collection system would occupy an area within the footprint of
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plan EI R
City of San Bernardino . Page 5.15-13
5. Environmental Analysis
grading for the entire development. Therefore, impacts to the environment from construction of the
wastewater treatment and collection system have been addressed throughout Chapter 5 as part of the over-
all analysis of the development (grading) footprint of the project. Potential impacts to air quality have been
addressed in Section 5.2 of this EIR.
Although the wastewater treatment and collection system would be sized to accommodate the projected
peak flow and be approved of the Public Works/engineering Division, some operational aspects have not
been determined at this time, such as quantity and disposal location of sludge (bio-solids) and areas to be
irrigated with recycled water. The proposed Arrowhead Springs development is located in a unique natural
resources area and portions of the drinking water supply would rely on local streams. The intake for the
drinking water on Strawberry Creek has not been identified. Bio-solids and the recycled water from the
treatment plant used as irrigation water have the potential to affect the water quality ofthe local streams (and
thus the drinking water supply) if not carefully controlled.
Effluent from the wastewater treatment system would be treated to recycled water standards and stored on-
site for use as irrigation water. Therefore, no direct impact to local drainages from discharge would occur.
However, the recycled water storage ponds would be located primarily in the area of the golf course, which
may also be subject to flooding depending upon the design of the area which has not been determined.
Under those circumstances downstream water quality could be affected. See Section 5.15.5 for additional
details on recycled water.
The dismantling and disposal of the existing wastewater treatment plant may also have a potential effect on
the environment which is discussed in Section 5.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials.
5.15.2.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
San Bernardino General Plan
· The California Water Code which largely falls under the purview of the State Water Resources Board
contains numerous regulations that pertain to wastewater treatment that would apply to any
expansion of existing facilities or the construction of new facilities including the following:
· Division 7-Water Quality, Chapter 4-Regional Water Quality Control, Article 4-Waste Discharge
Requirements, Section 13260-13274 concerns all discharge including bio-solids that have the
potential to effect water quality; Chapter 7-Water Reclamation (Department of Health Services
established criteria), Article 1-7, Sections 13500-13556 deals with all aspects of reclaimed water;
Chapter 9-Waste Water Treatment Plan Classification and Operator Certification, Section 13625-
13633 establishes requirements for operation of wastewater treatment plants.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
· The California Water Code which largely falls under the purview of the State Water Resources Board
contains numerous regulations that pertain to wastewater treatment that would apply to the
Arrowhead Springs project including the following:
o Division 2-Water, Part 2-Appropriation of Water, Chapter 1-General Provisions, Article 1.5-
Treated Water, Sections121 0-1212 deals with change in point of discharge of treated water.
o Division 7-Water Quality, Chapter 4-Regional Water Quality Control, Article 4-Waste
Discharge Requirements, Section 13260-13274 concerns all discharge including bio-solids
that have the potential to effect water quality; Chapter 4.5-0n-site Sewage Treatment;
Chapter 7-Water Reclamation (Department of Health Services established criteria), Article
1-7, Sections 13500-13556 deals with all aspects of reclaimed water; Chapter 9-Waste
Page 5.15-14 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
5.15.2.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with wastewater to a
level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to
wastewater have been identified.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The mitigation measures identified above would reduce potential impacts associated with wastewater to a
level that is less than significant. Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to
wastewater have been identified.
5.15.3 Solid Waste
5.15.3.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino General Plan
...
Solid waste collection within much of the City and a portion ofthe unincorporated planning area is provided
by the Solid Waste Services and Refuse and Recycling Division of the City of San Bernardino Department of
Public Services. Solid waste collection in the remainder of the planning area is provided by private haulers
through franchise agreements with the City. According to the California Integrated Waste Management
Board, residential land uses in the City of San Bernardino were responsible for disposing 58,454 tons of solid
waste while businesses in the City were responsible for 136,392 tons of solid waste resulting in a total of
194,846 tons5 of solid waste deposited in local land fills. This total amount represents a 45 percent reduction
in the total amount of refuse produced due the waste diversion programs. With diversion the average amount
contributed to landfills by each resident would be 2 pounds of solid waste per day or 730 pounds per year.
Employees/businesses produced 13 pounds of solid waste per person per day or 4,745 tons per year after
45 percent waste diversion.
The County of San Bernardino Solid Waste Management Division (SWMD) is responsible for the operation
and management of the solid waste disposal system which consists of six regional landfills, eight transfer
stations and five community collection centers listed in Table 5.15-3. The County contracts with Burrtec
Waste Industries for disposal site operations and maintenance. The City of San Bernardino has no active
landfills but primarily utilizes the San Timoteo and Mid-Valley landfills. The San Timoteo Landfill is located in
the City of Redlands, to the southeast of the City and the Fontana Sanitary Landfill (Mid-Valley) to the west of
the City. The San Timoteo landfill is permitted to accept 1,000 tons per day and has an estimated capacity of
14,800,000 cubic yards, as shown in Table 5.15-3. The estimated remaining capacity is 6,372,281 tons and
has an anticipated closure date of 2016. Mid-Valley is permitted to accept 7,500 tons per day of solid waste
and has an estimated capacity of 62,000,000 cubic yards. The estimated remaining capacity is 23,949,691
tons and has an estimated closure date of 2033. The remaining landfills in the County, which could also be
used by the City are also shown in Table 5.15-3, however most are reaching capacity.
5 http://www.ciwmb.ca.qov/Profiles/Juris/JurProfile1.asp?RG=C&JURID=426&JUR=San +Bernardino, accessed February 17,
2005.
Page 5.15-76 . The Planning Center
July 2005
5. Environmental Analysis
Table 5.15-3
La dral F no S S B
dO
dSOI
n I aCI lies erVlcmg an ernar mo an
Capacity Permitted Daily Remaining
Facility (cubic yards) Tonnage (tons) Capacity (tons) Closure Date
San Timoteo Sanitary landfill 14,800,000 1,000 6,372,281 2016
Fontana Sanitary landlill (Mid-Valley) 62,000,000 7,500 23,949,691 2033
Barstow Refuse Disposal Site 3,580,000 750' 400,836 2012
landers Disposal Site 3,080,000 1,2002 703,698 2008
Colton Sanitary landfill 13,297,000 3,100 940,260 2006
VictOlville Refuse Disposal Site 7,700,000 1,600 1,126,285 2007
Total 15,150 33,493,051
Regional planning for solid waste issues is conducted by the San Bernardino County Solid Waste Advisory
Committee governed by the County Solid Waste Management Plan. The City of San Bernardino has a repre-
sentative serving on the Solid Waste Advisory Committee. Any future solid waste facilities, such as transfer
stations and/or landfills, must be incorporated in the County Solid Waste Management Plan.
California State Mandated Solid Waste Diversion
As landfills reach their capacities and new landfill sites become increasingly difficult to establish, the need to
reduce solid waste generation is critical. State law currently requires that local jurisdictions divert at least
50 percent of their solid waste from landfills through conservation, recycling, and composting. Like all
California communities, the City of San Bernardino is required to comply with State regulations.
Currently there are no collection service deficiencies and all sites utilized by the City are considered to be
adequate. In 2002 the City of San Bernardino diverted 45 percent of their solid waste, 5 percent less than the
50 percent diversion rates required by the State of California. Table 5.15-4 following shows the board
reviewed annual waste diversion rates for the City of San Bernardino. Local governments are subject to fines
of up to $10,000 per day if the waste diversion goals are not met.6 Since 1995, the City of San Bernardino
has received either a Board Approved or Good Faith Effort in reaching waste diversion goals required by
law?
6 California Integrated Waste Managernent Board. Waste Reduction Policies and Procedures for State Agencies,
August 1999. http://www.ciwrnb.ca.gov/Publications/LocaIAsst/StateAgency/44199017.doc
7 California Integrated Waste Management Board
http://www.ciwmb.ca.qov/lqtools/mars/drmcmain.asp?iu = 426& VW = In
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 5.15-17
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5. Environmental Analysis
Year Diversion Rate
1995 23%
1996 35%
1997 44%
1998 43%
1999 46%
2000 46%
2001 45%
2002 45%
2003 42%'
Table 5.15-4
City of San Bernardino Waste
Diversion Rates 1995-2002
Source: California Integrated Waste Management Board
'Based on preliminary data
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Operations have been greatly reduced over that past few years at Arrowhead springs, limiting the amount of
refuse produced by the resort area to just a few on-site residences and a small number of employees.
Continued landscape maintenance of the facilities also produces a small quantity of "green" waste. Arrow-
head Springs contracts with a private hauler who disposes three 1.5-cubic-yard containers of refuse and one
40-cubic-yard container of green waste in the San Timoteo landfill once a month.
...
5.15.3.2 Thresholds of Significance
SW-1 Would be served by a landfill with insufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the
project's solid waste disposal needs.
SW-2 Would not comply with federal, state and local statutes and regulations related to solid
waste.
5.15.3.3 Environmentallmpacts
The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed
potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in parentheses after the impact
statement.
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.15-3:
EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSED FACILITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO ACCOM-
MODA TE PROJECT-GENERA TED SOLID WASTE AND COMPL Y WITH RELA TED
SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS. [THRESHOLDS SW-1 AND SW-2]
Impact Analysis: Development of the proposed General Plan would increase the service demand on solid
waste beyond existing conditions and further impact the San Timoteo Sanitary Landfill and Mid-Valley
disposal sites. Upon build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan update, the maximum population within
City and SOl could reach 316,241and businesses would generate approximately 355,629 employees.
Utilizing the average daily rate of disposal of solid waste per person after diversion, it is estimated that at full
Page 5.15-18 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
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build-out of the General Plan update a total of approximately 2,617 tons per day would be placed in local
landfills, as shown in Table 5.15-5.
...
..
Table 5.15-5
Household and Business Waste Disposal Rates for San Bernardino
Existing Waste Build-out Waste
Waste Stream Waste Disposal General Plan Stream
Stream (tons/year) Rate1 Projections2 (tons/year)
Household 58,454 0.365 316,664 116,523
tons/resident'year (population)
Business 136,392 2.37 355,629 842,840
tons/employee/year (employees)
Total 194,846 - - 959,363
(534 Ions/day) (2,628 Ions/day)
'Disposal rates are based on generation rate minus diversion rate
'General Plan projections include the City of San Bemardino and Sphere of Influence Area
Source: Generation Rates based off Waste Stream Profile for the City of San Bernardino from the California Integrated Waste
Management Board
...
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The San Timoteo Sanitary Landfill and Mid-Valley can accept a combined total of 8,500 tons of solid waste
per day and has a combined estimated remaining capacity of 30,321,972 tons. In 2003, the San Timoteo
Sanitary Landfill accepted less than 48 percent of daily permitted capacity or 174,562 tons out of a possible
maximum of 365,000 tons. As shown in Table 5.15-6 the Mid-Valley Landfill accepted 619,382 tons in 2003
out of a possible maximum of 2,757,500 tons. Together the landfills have the permitted capacity to accept an
additional 2,309,556 tons per year. The estimated daily disposal amount of 2,628 tons projected atfull build-
out of the General Plan represents approximately 31 percent of the current combined permitted disposal
tonnage for the two main landfills. There is no specific date for maximum build-out to occur and it is assumed
that amounts of refuse would increase gradually over a number of years before reaching the rate of 2,628
tons daily. Therefore, local landfills would be able to handle the amount of refuse from San Bernardino and
other surrounding communities for some time and legislative requirements (see discussion below) are in
place for planning of new landfills in advance of closure of existing landfills. Although the remaining County
landfills (listed in Table 5.15-5 and Table 5.15-6) are nearing capacity and closure dates they do provide
alternatives for disposal of waste that help to reduce reliance on the San Timoteo and Mid-Valley landfills,
which may account for the lower than permitted disposal amounts.
....
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Table 5.15-6
2003Landfill Facility Tonnage
-
Facility 2003 Tonnage Permitted Residual
Accepted Tons per Year
San Timoteo Sanitary Landfill 174,562 365,000 191,438
Fontana Sanitary Landfill (Mid-Valley) 619,382 2,737,500 2,118,118
Barstow Refuse Disposal Site 78,378 273.750 195,372
Landers Disposal Site 62,369 438,000 375,631
Colton Sanitary Landfill 336,862 1,131,500 794,638
Victorville Refuse Disposal Site 285,160 584,000 298,840
Tolal 1,745,237 5,529,750 3,784,513
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General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plan EIR .
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-19
""'.
5. Environmental Analysis
In addition, the City of San Bernardino Refuse and Recycling Division is continuing to participate and
maintain AB 939 goals and guidelines. Solid Waste Services Division would continue to provide curbside
recycling and green waste pickup for both commercial and household materials. Continuation of the
recycling program and education on composting efforts would result in achieving the desired goal of
50 percent waste diversion in compliance with the Assembly Bill 939. Implementation of the City of San
Bernardino General Plan would not hinder efforts to achieving this requirement as educational material on
reducing waste, recycling and composting would be provided to commercial and residential users.8
The County of San Bernardino is required to enter into discussions with the California Integrated Waste
Management Board and surrounding cities for a new waste disposal site within the region prior to the closure
of an existing landfill. According to AB 939, jurisdictions are required to begin planning for new landfills when
the jurisdiction's primary disposal site reaches its 15-year capacity. The challenge for San Bernardino, as
well as communities throughout the State, is to continue to find diversion, recycling, and reuse strategies
instead of relying on sanitary landfills as the primary method of managing solid waste. As the region grows, it
becomes more difficult to site or expand landfills due to the unpopularity of these types of facilities. However;
the planning process required by the legislature functions to mitigate potential impacts.
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
Utilities Element
Policy 9.5.1: Install and maintain public trash receptacles along incorporated City streets in commercial
areas and along major arterials.
Policy 9.5.2: Provide regular street sweeping.
Policy 9.5.3: Continue to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be disposed of in area landfills, to
conserve energy resources, and be consistent with the County Solid Waste Management Plan and State law.
Policy 9.5.4: Continue to support implementation of regional recycling programs through participation in
the County Solid Waste Advisory Committee, the County Solid Waste Management Plan, and appropriate
State programs.
Policy 9.5.5: Develop and participate in local recycling programs.
Policy 9.5.6: Develop and implement a program of public education regarding the benefits of recycling.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.15-3: EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSED FACILITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO ACCOMMO-
DATE PROJECT-GENERATED SOLID WASTE AND COMPLY WITH RELATED
SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS. [THRESHOLDS SW-1 AND SW-2]
Impact Analysis: According to the Arrowhead Springs Annexation Study: Plan for Service (see Volume III,
Appendix K), no capital improvements are required in regards to solid waste management. The City provides
both commercial and residential services on a fee basis9 and would offer these services to the Arrowhead
Springs development upon annexation. In addition, service for Arrowhead Springs would include
implementation of recycling programs required by AB939.
8 Integrated Waste Management District, 2003, http://www.ciwmb.ca.qov
9 Residential- $19.86/month; Commercial- $101 to 883/month
Page 5.15-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
111'''-
5. Environmental Analysis
"",.
In addition, the City of San Bernardino Refuse and Recycling Division is continuing to participate and
maintain AB 939 goals and guidelines. Solid Waste Services Division would continue to provide curbside
recycling and green waste pickup for both commercial and household materials. Continuation of the
recycling program and education on composting efforts would result in achieving the desired goal of
50 percent waste diversion in compliance with the Assembly Bill 939. Implementation of the City of San
Bernardino General Plan would not hinder efforts to achieving this requirement as educational material on
reducing waste, recycling and composting would be provided to commercial and residential users.8
..'
....
~
The County of San Bernardino is required to enter into discussions with the California Integrated Waste
Management Board and surrounding cities for a new waste disposal site within the region prior to the closure
of an existing landfill. According to AB 939, jurisdictions are required to begin planning for new landfills when
the jurisdiction's primary disposal site reaches its 15-year capacity. The challenge for San Bernardino, as
well as communities throughout the State, is to continue to find diversion, recycling, and reuse strategies
instead of relying on sanitary landfills as the primary method of managing solid waste. As the region grows, it
becomes more difficult to site or expand landfills due to the unpopularity of these types of facilities. However;
the planning process required by the legislature functions to mitigate potential impacts.
.'
....
Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
..."
Utilities Element
Policy 9.5.1: Install and maintain public trash receptacles along incorporated City streets in commercial
areas and along major arterials.
...
Policy 9.5.2: Provide regular street sweeping.
.'"
Policy 9.5.3: Continue to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be disposed of in area landfills, to
conserve energy resources, and be consistent with the County Solid Waste Management Plan and State law.
-
Policy 9.5.4: Continue to support implementation of regional recycling programs through participation in
the County Solid Waste Advisory Committee, the County Solid Waste Management Plan, and appropriate
State programs.
....
Policy 9.5.5: Develop and participate in local recycling programs.
Policy 9.5.6: Develop and implement a program of public education regarding the benefits of recycling.
....
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
AHS IMPACT 5.15-3: EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSED FACILITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO ACCOMMO-
DATE PROJECT-GENERATED SOLID WASTE AND COMPLY WITH RELATED
SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS. [THRESHOLDS SW-1 AND SW-2]
.....
Impact Analysis: According to the Arrowhead Springs Annexation Study: Plan for Service (see Volume III,
Appendix K), no capital improvements are required in regards to solid waste management. The City provides
both commercial and residential services on a fee basis9 and would offer these services to the Arrowhead
Springs development upon annexation. In addition, service for Arrowhead Springs would include
implementation of recycling programs required by AB939.
...
....
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8 Integrated Waste Management District. 2003, http://www.ciwmb.ca.qov
9 Residential- $19.86/month: Commercial- $101 to 883/month
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Page 5.15-20 . The Planning Center
July 2005
"'"",.
5. Environmental Analysis
To approximate the generation waste stream for Arrowhead Spring at a build-out of 4,233 residents and
2,530 employees, the same generation rates (including 45 percent reduction for diversion) for the City of San
Bernardino have been used be used. The results are shown in Table 5.15-7.
Existing Waste
Stream General Plan Build-out Waste Stream
Waste Stream (tons/year) Waste Generation Rate' Projections (tons/year)
Household N!A 0.365 tons!resident'year 4,233 1,545
Business N!A 2.37 tons!employee/year 2,530 5,996
Total N!A - - 7,541
(2110ns!day)
Table 5.15-7
Household and Business Waste Disposal Rates for Arrowhead Springs
'Disposal rates are based on generation rate minus diversion rate
Source: Generation Rates based off Waste Stream Profile for the City of San Bernardino from the California Integrated Waste Management Board
Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in the generation of 21 tons per day of
solid waste within the project area. Population and employment statistics for Arrowhead Springs have been
incorporated into the build-out statistics for the San Bernardino General Plan update and thus included in the
analysis of solid waste impacts for the City. The amount of refuse generated by the Arrowhead Springs
development at build-out represents less that 1 percent of the total for the City which would be
inconsequential.
~
5.15.3.4 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
. Assembly Bill 939 (Sher, Chapter 1095, Statutes of 1989), The Integrated Waste Management Act
requires every California city and county to divert 50 percent of its waste from landfills by the year
2000. In addition, AB 939 requires each county, to prepare a Source Reduction and Recycling
Element (SRRE) for its unincorporated area, identifying waste characterization; source reduction;
recycling; composting; solid waste facility capacity; education and public information; funding;
special waste (asbestos, sewage sludge, etc.); and household hazardous waste in addition to a
countywide siting element, specifying areas for transformation or disposal sites to provide capacity
for solid waste generated in the jurisdiction which cannot be reduced or recycled for a 15-year
period.
5.15.3.5 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
Upon implementation of relevant General Plan policies and programs plus regulatory requirements, and
standard conditions of approval, the following impacts impact would less than significant:
GP Impact 5.15-2
Existing facilities have adequate capacity to accommodate solid waste disposal for
a considerable length of time at the full build-out rate which would not happen for
perhaps decades. The existing regulations (including AB 939) along with General
Plan Update policies, and programs would serve to mitigate any solid waste
disposal impact from full build-out of the General Plan.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Berna/dino . Page 5.15-21
5. Environmental Analysis
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Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
impact would be less than significant:
..
....
AHS Impact 5.15-2
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would contribute less than 1 percent of the
total solid waste stream calculated for the build-out of the General Plan update,
which was determined to be less than significant. Therefore impacts due to build-
out of the Arrowhead Springs development would also be less than significant.
"""
5.15.3.6 Mitigation Measures
...
San Bernardino General Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures would be required for solid waste.
~
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures would be required for solid waste.
"'"
5.15.3.7 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impacts identified have been determined to be less than significant and no mitigation measures are required.
Therefore, no significant unavoidable adverse impacts relating to solid waste have been identified.
....
5.15.4 Dry Utilities and Geotherma', Energy
-
5.15.4.1 Environmental Setting
San Bernardino General Plan
...
Electricity
The Southern California Edison (SCE) Company provides electricity to San Bernardino's citizens, businesses
and industry within the City and SOl. SCE owns, operates, and maintains both aboveground and under-
ground facilities in the planning area. Most of SCE's facilities are located in the street right-of-way. SCE will
extend electrical service into unserved areas pursuant to SCE's current Rules and Rates. The efficient use of
energy and the building design/construction of buildings with energy efficiency in mind are vital to our future.
..
...
Electricity is transmitted through high voltage power lines and step-down transformers at the Devers
substation near Desert Hot Springs and substations located within the City. High voltage transmission lines
deliver power to the SCE substation located at the northwest corner of Monterey Avenue and Clancy Lane,
where power is stepped down and distributed through lower voltage lines. Individual homes and businesses
then receive power through a final transformer which brings voltages down to useful levels. Currently there
are no known deficiencies in the Southern California Edison Company system.
.
....
Natural Gas
...
The Southern California Gas Company (The Gas Company) provides natural gas service to San Bernardino's
citizens, businesses and industry within the City and SOl. The Gas Company owns, operates, and maintains
underground gas lines in most of the public streets. There are no local natural gas producing wells within the
City of San Bernardino planning area, therefore, the supply of natural gas is imported. The availability of
natural gas service is based upon present conditions of gas supply and regulatory policies. As a public
utility, The Gas Company is under the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Commission and Federal regulatory
...
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Page 5.15-22 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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5. Environmental Analysis
agencies. Should these agencies take any action that affects gas supply, or the conditions under which
services is available, gas service would be provided in accordance with revised conditions.
Telephone
Verizon and SBC provide telephone service in the City of San Bernardino. Telecommunication companies
are not regulated as to rates by the California Public Utilities Commission (PUG) but must be registered and
certified to do business in the State of California and adhere to the Public Utilities Code. Rates are regulated
by franchise agreements with the City of San Bernardino and Municipal Code Title 14, Franchises.
Cable
Adelphia Cable, Mountain Shadows Cable, and Charter Communications provide cable television service in
the City of San Bernardino and surrounding communities. Cable Television is not classified as a "utility" and
therefore is not regulated by the PUC but companies are required to have franchise agreements with the City
and adhere to Municipal Code Title 14.
Geothermal Wells
Use of geothermal resources results in substantial energy savings and generates revenue for the City. As
discussed in Section 5.5, Geology and Soils approximately 90 to 100 geothermal wells and springs have
been identified in the San Bernardino area. The geothermal wells and springs are concentrated in the
Commerce Center, Central City, and the Tri-City areas and the former Norton Air Force Base (see Figure
5.5-1). The San Bernardino Municipal Water Department (SBMWD) is operating two geothermal production
wells which can pump 4,300,000 gallons of hot water per day. The usable supply of geothermal water,
however, is much greater than what is currently used. The SBMWD uses geothermal resources to provide
heat to over 35 offices and buildings including the Civic Center and National Orange Show in the central
portion of the City. Use of geothermal heat has resulted in a substantial savings on winter heating bills where
it is supplied.
~
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Electricity
Electricity is currently supplied to Arrowhead Springs by SCE through contracts with Arrowhead Power and
Water. Power is delivered primarily through overhead lines.
Natural Gas
The Southern California Gas Company provides natural gas to Arrowhead Springs.
Telephone
As with the City of San Bernardino, Verizon and SBC provide telephone service to the Arrowhead Springs
area.
Cable
Adelphia Cable currently provides cable television and internet services to the project area via a single
broadband network of coaxial and fiber-optic cable.
General Plan Update and Anociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-23
5. Environmental Analysis
"'I
Geothermal Wells
,..
Hot water from the geothermal resources on the Arrowhead Springs property is used to heat on-site facilities
including the hotel, residences and swimming pool.
-
5.15.4.2 Environmentallmpacts
The following impact analysis addresses the potential for impact to dry utilities.
-
San Bernardino General Plan
GP IMPACT 5.15-4:
EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSED FACILITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO ACCOMMO-
DATE PROJECT-GENERATED DRY UTILITY DEMANDS BUT GEOTHERMAL
RESOURCES USED FOR ENERGY MAY BE AFFECTED BY BUILD-OUT OF THE
GENERAL PLAN.
-
-
Impact Analysis: Build-out of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would result in increased demand for
all dry utilities.
..
Build-out of the San Bernardino General Plan would necessitate the need for additional energy supply and
energy transmission within the City. According to the Southern California Edison Company, they would be
able to supply future growth within the City of San Bernardino with electrical power and all new development
would be responsible for improvements to the electrical distribution infrastructure of that development.
-
The availability of natural gas service is based upon present conditions of gas supply and regulatory policies.
As a public utility, the Gas Company is under the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Commission and Federal
regulatory agencies. Should these agencies take any action that affects gas supply, orthe conditions under
which service is available, gas service would be provided in accordance with revised conditions. As a result,
The Gas Company and the Southern California Edison Company would be able to service the needs of the
City of San Bernardino and SOl areas under the conditions of the General Plan build-out.
....
-
Build-out of the City of San Bernardino General Plan would result in an increased demand for
telecommunication services such as telephone, cable, high speed internet, and other telecommunication
services. Rate increases must be approved by the City; however, the ability to expand services is
conditioned only by availability of capitol.
-
The geothermal resources located within the City that are used for generating heat can be affected by a
number of factors including lowering the water level of the geothermal aquifer and drilling through the aquifer
to colder water aquifers below. 10 The relationship between land use development and the diminishment of
geothermal springs is less understood as suggested in Section 5.5, Geology and Soils. Some hot springs
have disappeared and the temperature has been reduced in others, which affects the reliability of this natural
resource as an alternative form of energy. Build-out of the General Plan could affect the use of this rare
resource as a utility however the City has numerous regulations protecting this resource.
1tJ;:<
..
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Relevant General Plan Policies and Programs
Utilities Element
-
Policy 9.6.1: Require that approval of new development be contingent upon the ability to be served with
adequate electrical facilities.
-
10 California Department of Mines and Geology. Resource Investigation of Low-and Moderate-Temperature
Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino, California. DMG Open File Report 82-11, 1981.
..'
Page 5.15-24 . The Planning Center
July 2005
...
5. Environmental Analysis
Policy 9.6.2: Underground utilities, including on-site electrical utilities and connections to distribution
facilities, unless such undergrounding is proven infeasible.
Policy 9.6.3: Provide adequate illumination of all streets, alleys (under special conditions), and public areas;
upgrading areas that are deficient and maintaining lighting fixtures in good working order.
Policy 9.6.4: Require improvements to the existing street light system and/or new street light systems
necessitated by a new development proposal be funded by that development.
Policy 9.6.5: Encourage and promote the use of energy-efficient (U.S. Department of Energy "Energy Star"
or equivalent) lighting fixtures, light bulbs, and compact fluorescent bulbs in residences, commercial, and
public buildings, as well as in traffic signals and signs where feasible.
Policy 9.7.1: Work with the Southern California Gas Company to ensure that adequate natural gas facilities
are available to meet the demands of existing and new developments.
Policy 9.7.2: Require that all new development served by natural gas install on-site pipeline connections to
distribution facilities underground, unless such undergrounding is infeasible due to significant environmental
or other constraints.
Policy 9.8.1: Provide for the continued development and expansion of telecommunications systems
including cable and, as feasible, fiber optics, for entertainment, education, culture, information access, two-
way communication between government and residents and businesses, and other similar purposes.
Policy 9.8.2: Require that all new developments underground telecommunication facilities, unless such
undergrounding is infeasible due to significant environmental or other constraints.
~
Policy 9.8.3: Cooperate with, and encourage public utilities to provide a fiber optics network in the City that
is linked to regional systems.
Policy 9.9.1: Provide for the continued development and expansion of geothermal energy distribution lines.
Policy 9.9.2: Provide public funding to expand the existing geothermal production and distribution system.
Policy 9.9.3: Promote the use of geothermal resources particularly in the South San Bernardino Area.
Energy and Water Element
Policy 13.1.1: Reduce the City's ongoing electricity use by 10 percent and set an example for residents and
businesses to follow.
Policy 13.1.2: Ensure the incorporation of energy conservation features in the design of all new construction
and site development in accordance with State Law.
Policy 13.1.3: Consider enrollment in the Community Energy Efficiency Program (CEEP), which provides
incentives for builders who attain energy savings 30 percent above the National Model Energy Code, the
Energy Star Program, which is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and the Environmental
Protection Agency and encourages superior energy efficiency by residents and businesses, or the State's
Energy Efficiency and Demand Reduction Program, which offer rebates and incentives to agencies and
developers who reduce energy consumption and use energy efficient fixtures and energy-saving design
elements.
Policy 13.1.4: Require energy audits of existing public structures and encourage audits of private
structures, identifying levels of existing energy use and potential conservation measures.
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-25
5.
Environmental Analysis
....
Policy 13.1.5: Encourage energy-efficient retrofitting of existing buildings throughout the City.
-
Policy 13.1.6: Consider program that awards incentives to projects that install energy conservation
measures, including technical assistance and possible low-interest loans.
..,
Policy 13.1.7: Ensure that new development consider the ability of adjacent properties to utilize energy
conservation design.
-
Policy 13.1.8: Educate the public regarding the need for energy conservation, environmental stewardship,
and sustainability techniques and about systems and standards that are currently available for achieving
greater energy and resource efficiency, such as the U.S. Green Building Council's "Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design" (LEED) standards for buildings.
-
Policy 13.1.9: Encourage increased use of passive and active solar and wind design in existing and new
development (e.g., orienting buildings to maximize exposure to cooling effects of prevailing winds, day-
lighting design, natural ventilation, space planning, thermal massing and locating landscaping and
landscape structures to shade buildings).
-
Policy 13.1.10: Consider adopting an ordinance relating to energy conservation, environmental
stewardship, and sustainability for new development that incorporates the LEED standards.
...
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
-
AHS IMPACT 5.15-5: EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSED FACILITIES WOULD BE ABLE TO ACCOMMO-
DA TE PROJECT-GENERA TED DEMAND FOR DRY UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL
RESOURCES USED FOR ENERGY.
...~.
Impact Analysis: Implementation of the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan would result in increased demand
for all dry utilities and dry utility infrastructure to supply those services would have to be expanded as well.
Arrowhead Power and Water would be responsible for coordination of the expansion of those facilities and
the operation and maintenance of some of those utilities. All of these utilities would be placed underground
throughout the development in easements for that purpose and would be developed in conjunction with the
development of the roadway system, where easements run concurrent.
....
..,
As with the General Plan build-out, both SCE and The Gas Company have the ability to provide electrical and
gas service but the supply maybe conditioned by the PUC and other regulatory agencies.
-
The remaining dry utilities have a similar ability to provide service to Arrowhead Springs and are only
conditioned by their ability to fund the interconnections and operations.
JI!I<'
As with the City of San Bernardino, the geothermal resources of Arrowhead Springs are used to off-set
energy demand by proving a source of heat for buildings and hot water for pools and spa facilities. This
resource has been historically the focus of this resort. Some research has shown that geothermal resources
may be affected by intensified development of impermeable surfaces near the geothermal sources but other
factors such as drilling through the hot aquifer may also contribute to the decline of geothermal springs. The
exact relationship is not known. The majority of new development on the project site would occur away from
existing geothermal wells and there are no current plans to drill new geothermal wells or wells through the
hot aquifer.
""
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5.15.4.3 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions
...'
· City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 13, Utilities, Chapter 13.20, Geothermal Resources,
establishes requirements for development, operation and preservation of geothermal resources.
_.
Page 5.15-26 . The Planning Center
Ju/y 2005
....
5. Environmental Analysis
. City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Title 14, Franchises, establishes requirements for the
development and operation of the telecommunication services including the need for an agreement
establishing a rate structure and procedures for changing the rate structure.
5.15.4.4 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
San Bernardino General Plan
Upon implementation of General Plan policies and programs, regulatory requirements and standard
conditions of approval, the following impacts would be less that significant:
GP Impact 5.15-5
There is no significant impediment to providing dry utilities for the build-out of the
General Plan beyond supplies constrained by State and/or Federal regulatory
agencies and no significant threat to the use of geothermal resources for energy.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, the following impacts
would be less that significant:
AHS Impact 5.15-5
Dry utilities can be provided to the proposed project unless constrained by State
and/or Federal regulatory agencies and geothermal resources would not be
affected by the development such that this resource would continue to be available
to reduce the reliance on traditional forms of energy for heating.
5.15.4.5 Mitigation Measures
~
San Bernardino General Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures would be required for Dry Utilities.
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
No significant impacts were identified and no mitigation measures would be Dry Utilities.
5.15.4.6 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation would be required. Therefore no significant
unavoidable adverse impacts relating to dry utilities have been identified.
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plan EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 5.15-27
5.
Environmental Analysis
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Page 5.15-28 . The Planning Center
July 2005
tIIl!l':'
6. Significant Unavoidable Adverse
Impacts
Chapter 1 , Executive Summary, contains Table 1-8, which summarizes the impacts, mitigation measures, and
levels of significance before and after mitigation. While mitigation measures would reduce the level of impact,
the following impacts would remain significant, unavoidable, and adverse after mitigation measures are
applied:
San Bernardino General Plan
. Air Quality
. Noise
. Transportation and Traffic
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
. Air Quality
. Cultural Resources
. Noise
~
General Plan Update and AJSociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 6-]
6.
Significant Unavoidable Adverse
Impacts
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Page 6-2 . The Planning Center
June 2005
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that Environmental Impact Reports".. .describe a
range of reasonable alternatives to the project, or to the location of the project, which would feasibly attain
most of the basic objectives of the project but would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant
effects of the project, and evaluate the comparative merits of the alternatives" (Guidelines Section 15126(a)).
The CEQA Guidelines direct that the selection of alternatives be governed by "a rule of reason." The
alternatives selected for detailed review in the EIR may be limited to those that "would avoid or substantially
lessen any of the significant effects of the project" and would "feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of
the project." The selection of alternatives and their discussion must "foster meaningful public participation
and informed decision making" (Guidelines Section 15126(d)(5)). This chapter identifies potential alternatives
to the proposed project and evaluates them, as required by CEQA.
7.1.1
Purpose and Scope
Key provisions of the CEQA Guidelines on alternatives (Section 15126.6 (a) through (f)) are summarized
below to explain the foundation and legal requirements for the alternatives analysis in the EIR.
. "The discussion of alternatives shall focus on alternatives to the project or its location which are
capable of avoiding or substantially lessening any significant effects of the project, even if these
alternatives would impede to some degree the attainment of the proposed objectives, or would be
more costly." (15126.6 (b))."
. "The specific alternative of 'no project' shall also be evaluated along with its impact." [15126.6(e)(1 )].
~
. 'The no project analysis shall discuss the existing conditions at the time the Notice of Preparation is
published, and at the time the environmental analysis is commenced, as well as what would
reasonably be expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved, based on
current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services. If the
environmentally superior alternative is the 'no project' alternative, the EIR shall also identify an
environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives" [15126.6( e)(2)].
. "The range of alternatives required in an EIR is governed by a 'rule of reason' that requires the EIR to
set forth only those alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice. The alternatives shall be
limited to ones that would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project. "
[15126.6(f)]
. "Among the factors that may be taken into account when addressing the feasibility of alternatives are
site suitability, economic viability, availability of infrastructure, general plan consistency, other plans
or regulatory limitations, jurisdictional boundaries, and whether the proponent can reasonably
acquire, control or otherwise have access to the alternative site (or the site already owned by the
proponent)" [15126.6(f)(1)].
For alternative locations, "only locations that would avoid or substantially lessen any ofthe significant effects
of the project need to be considered for inclusion in the EIR" [15126.6(f)(2)(A)].
. "An EIR need not consider an alternative whose effect cannot be reasonably ascertained and whose
implementation is remote and speculative." [15126.6(f)(3)].
For each development alternative, this analysis:
. Describes the alternative;
General Plan Update and AJSociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-1
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
...
· Analyzes the impact of the alternative as compared to the proposed project;
· Identifies the impacts of the project which would be avoided or lessened by the alternative;
. Assesses whether the alternative would meet most of the basic project objectives; and
· Evaluates the comparative merits of the alternative and the project.
,....,
Per the CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6(d), additional significant effects of the alternatives are discussed in
less detail than the significant effects of the project as proposed. .~
7.1.2 Project Objectives
As described in Section 3.2, the following objectives have been established the General Plan update and the
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan and will aid decision makers in their review of the project, project
alternatives, and associated environmental impacts.
7.1.2.1
San Bernardino General Plan
The Vision and Key Strategies represent the broadest level of direction in the General Plan and describes the
important characteristics that will define San Bernardino in the future. The Vision and Key Strategies provide
a framework for the policies of the General Plan. The following Key Strategies summarize the Vision and
emphasize the thrust of the General Plan's direction:
· Experience a new era of collaboration with an attitude of entrepreneurship and action;
. Tap into the Inland Empire's dynamic economy;
. Deal with new fiscal realities;
· Develop a distinct personality both at a community wide and a neighborhood level;
· Realize quality housing in safe and attractive neighborhoods;
· Enhance cultural, recreational, and entertainment opportunities;
· Provide quality education at all levels; Maintain a collective sense of community pride; and
. Achieve the Vision.
'"
University District Specific Plan
~
The University District Specific Plan objectives fall within the general framework of the General Plan update
but also include specific vision relating to Pedestrian Focus, Physical Connectivity, Integrated Curriculum,
Economic Boost, University town, Positive Marketing, Trolley Connections, Campus Feel, Open
Communications, Regional Recreation, Efficient Access, Housing Opportunities, and Quality Housing
Opportunities. Since the University District Specific Plan does not involve land use changes, the discussion in
the alternatives section incorporates this SpeCific Plan in the context of the General Plan update alternatives.
""
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7.1.2.2
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The following objectives for Arrowhead Springs can be found in the content of the Specific Plan itself:
...
· Create a unique and economically viable mixed-use resort and residential living environment that
utilizes the existing natural and historic resources to the greatest extent possible.
....
· Preserve and enhance the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa and make these the
centerpiece of Arrowhead Springs.
-
· Develop a unique shopping and entertainment environment.
· Concentrate development in a limited area and maintain the existing environmental conditions to the
greatest extent possible.
.
Page 7-2 . The Planning Center
June 2005
-
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
. Create a development that is sustainable and achieves at least a Gold L.E.E.D. (Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design) Green Rating.
. Maximize open space and recreational opportunities.
. Create both passive and active recreational opportunities.
. Create a mixture of housing types and products to appeal to many segments ofthe housing market.
. Integrate commercial, service, employment, entertainment, and recreational opportunities near
housing and connect with a range of mobility options.
. Develop a comprehensive system of mobility options for vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian, and
equestrian travel.
. Incorporate the existing water and thermal water resources into Arrowhead Springs.
. Create strong development standards and design guidelines to ensure quality development within
Arrowhead Springs that complements the existing historical buildings.
7.2 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED AND REJECTED DURING THE
SCOPING/PROJECT PLANNING PROCESS
The following describes the alternatives considered throughout this project that were eventually rejected:
7.2.1 General Plan
~
As the General Plan was being created, it was clear that large scale changes in land use patterns and
designations were not necessary to achieve the City's goals, which were centered on a desire to improve the
City's image and functionality. Shifts in policy focus, changes in allowable uses, and emphasis on priorities
would suffice. Strategic Policy Areas were created to identify key areas within the City and house focused
policies intended to help achieve the City's goals. The direction for each Strategic Policy area was developed
in consultation with the City. While some of the initial policy recommendations shifted over time, the changes
have been subtle and do not qualify as alternatives.
However, land use alternatives were considered for the Verdemont Heights area. In Verdemont Heights, two
alternatives were considered that were intended to allow a mixed-use village core to develop within a
proposed mixed-use land use designation. The two alternatives both included a mixed-use village but varied
in residential intensity. Alternative 1 accommodated 405 residential units, mostly on 3,600-square-foot lots,
and 384,000 square feet of retail and office uses. Alternative 2 accommodated 181 residential units on
12,000-square-foot lots and 384,000 square feet of retail and office uses. These alternatives were rejected by
the City due to concerns about higher residential density and the prevailing, detached residential character
of the area.
7.2.2
University District Specific Plan
The following three land use alternatives to the proposed plan were developed during a design charrette that
occurred on December 11 , 2001. The alternatives were presented at a joint meeting with University and City
staff on August 7, 2002. At this workshop, Alternative 1 was selected as the preferred plan and eventually
included in the University District Specific Plan. For a description of Alternative 1, please see Section 3,
Project Description.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 7-3
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
The following alternatives were rejected due to concerns about changing the Master Plan for the University,
concerns about increased residential intensification, and the status of pending projects at the intersection of
University Parkway and Northpark Boulevard, which, subsequent to the review of alternatives, were approved
by the City.
7.2.2.1
Alternative 2
The focus of Alternative 2 was on the construction of specialized housing (e.g., Sorority Row or Honors
Housing) along the completed Loop Road in the western portion of campus and a new conference center
adjacent to the loop road on the east side of campus. The new conference center would provide facilities to
host activities that are attended by the community and university students, which would further increase the
interaction between the community and the University.
In this alternative, existing traffic levels were maintained on Little Mountain Drive and University Parkway, and
the completion of Campus Parkway would allow traffic into the University to be evenly distributed between
these three access points. New parking structures were proposed adjacent to Coyote Drive and Sierra Drive
to maximize the availability of areas where the University can construct new educational facilities and to
minimize the physical distance separating the University from the community.
7.2.2.2
Alternative 3
Alternative 3 intensified uses and buildings at the intersection of Northpark Boulevard and University
Parkway. Intensified uses concentrate activity and facilitate the pedestrian traffic flow that is desired between
the University and adjacent businesses and residences, promote more intense and lively urban activity,
promote the use of transit, and establish a more efficient use of services and infrastructure than the existing
land uses and building configurations. New buildings were proposed atthe four corners ofthe intersection of
University Parkway and Northpark Boulevard to visually and physically establish this area as the gateway into
the University. The areas within the University's boundaries would serve as the location for the admissions
building or administrative offices and could be easily accessible by prospective students or administrative
staff.
This alternative included a new conference center at the southwest corner of University Parkway and
Northpark Boulevard and specialized student housing (e.g. Sorority Row or Honors Housing) on the
northeast portion of campus, south of the Paradise Hills Specific Plan area and just north of the loop road.
To minimize conflicts between increased pedestrian activity and vehicular traffic, University Parkway was
proposed to serve as a ceremonial entrance with limited traffic volumes and speeds. Campus Parkway and
Little Mountain Drive were envisioned to carry the majority of daily traffic and new parking structures would
provide the parking necessary to serve the University's needs while creating space for the new buildings that
would be proposed as part of the intersection intensification.
7.2.2.3
Alternative 4
Alternative 4 emphasized development of dense student housing along the Loop Road of the campus. This
intensified hillside development was envisioned to create a compact, village atmosphere that emphasizes a
sense of community and provides additional housing to accommodate increases in student population. The
north side of Loop Road was envisioned to accommodate a golf course, nursery, botanical gardens, and
recreational trails.
In this alternative, the University Stadium was relocated to an area near Northpark Boulevard in order to
concentrate major activity centers of the University and surrounding properties in one area, allow for more
efficient vehicular access, and minimize traffic congestion on Loop Road.
Page 7-4 . The Planning Center
June 2005
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
This alternative also included a mixed-use project at the intersection of University Parkway and Northpark
Boulevard. The combination of residential, office and retail uses at the gateway of the University were
envisioned to draw pedestrian activity onto the campus, and link the University to the surrounding
community and conference center proposed just south of Northpark Boulevard. Retail uses within the mixed-
use project would have created a visually interesting entryway and serve as a revenue source for the college.
Since the majority of pedestrian activity would have occurred at the intersection of University Parkway and
Northpark Boulevard, University Parkway was envisioned to serve as the ceremonial entrance with reduced
volumes and speeds of vehicular traffic. Little Mountain Drive and Campus Parkway were envisioned to
handle the majority of the traffic, and new parking structures would allow for the intensification of buildings.
7.2.3 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan has undergone several iterations; however, no significant alternatives
were developed. The iterations included subtle variations in the acreages of land uses, residential density,
and commercial intensity. The changes occurred in response to input from the City or as more detailed
studies (grading, etc.) were competed and resulted in shifts in land use boundaries or product type.
However, throughout the numerous iterations, the basic concept and location of the land uses remained
unchanged. The various iterations were refined to reflect new direction and information and did not
represent true alternatives for consideration.
7.3 AL TERNA TIVES SELECTED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS
7.3.1 San Bernardino General Plan
The following alternatives have been determined to represent a reasonable range of alternatives which have
the potential to feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the project but which may avoid or substantially
lessen any of the significant effects of the project. These alternatives include the No Project! Existing General
Plan alternative and the Reduced Intensity Alternative.
~
An EIR must identify an "environmentally superior" alternative and where the No Project Alternative is
identified as environmentally superior, the EIR is then required to identify as environmentally superior an
alternative from among the others evaluated. Each alternative's environmental impacts are compared to the
proposed project and determined to be environmentally superior, neutral, or inferior. However, only those
impacts found significant and unavoidable are used in making the final determination of whether an
alternative is environmentally superior or inferior to the proposed project. Environmental impacts of the
General Plan update involving air quality and noise were found to be significant and unavoidable. Section 7.4
identifies the Environmentally Superior Alternative. The Preferred Land Use Plan is analyzed in detail in
Section 5 of this DEIR.
Alternatives Comparison
The following statistical analysis provides a summary of general socioeconomic build-out projections
determined by the three land use alternatives, including the proposed project. It is important to note that
these are not growth projections. That is, they do not anticipate what is likely to occur by a certain time
horizon, but rather provide a build-out scenario that would only occur if all areas of the City and SOl were to
develop to the probable capacities yielded by the land use alternatives. The following statistics were
developed as a tool to better understand the difference between the alternatives analyzed in the DEIR. Table
7-1 identifies total planning area-wide inforrnation regarding households, population and employment
projections, and also provides the jobs to household ratio for each of the alternatives. As described in
Section 5.8, Land Use, the proposed General Plan contains few actual land use changes. Most changes are
map corrections to reflect the existing built uses and primarily involve adjustments to residential land use
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-5
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
-
categories with the outcome being an overall reduction in residential land use acreage over the existing
General Plan, which is reflected in the table below.
Table 7.3-1
Build-out Statistical Summary
No Project/Existing Reduced Intensity
Proposed Project1 General Plan Alternative2 Alternative
Households 84854 88,020 84,854
Population 319,241 355,298 319241
Employment 355,629 369,923 178,433
Jobs to Household Ratio 1 4.19 4.20 2.10
1 The iobs to household ratio is based on SAN BAG definition which differs from the SCAG definition. See Sections 5.8. Land Use and Planning and
5.11. Population and Housing for explanation.
2 Calculations were determined by that same method used for the proposed General Plan build-out
..
7.3.1.1
No-Project/Existing General Plan Alternative
Section 15126.6(e) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an EIR evaluate and analyze the impacts of the "No
Project" Alternative. When the project is the revision of an existing land use or regulatory plan, policy, or
ongoing operation, the No Project alternative will be the ccntinuation of the plan, policy, or operation into the
future. Therefore, the No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative, as required by the CEQA Guidelines,
analyzes the effects of continued implementation of the City's existing General Plan. This alternative assumes
the existing General Plan remains as the adopted long-range planning policy document for the City.
Development would continue to occur within the City in accordance with the existing General Plan and
Specific Plans. Build-out pursuant to the existing General Plan would allow current development patterns to
remain. The existing General Plan would not allow for the development in the SOl as envisioned in the
proposed General Plan Update, which primarily involves the Martin Ranch area identified as #5 on Figure
5.8-4. The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would provide 99,233 dwelling units (or 88,020
households with vacancy rate applied), increase population by 156,263 persons over the 2005 SCAG
estimate of population (199,035) and provide 15,626 more jobs within the City at build-out, as compared to
the proposed General Plan Update. The Arrowhead Springs area would not be developed as a specific plan
and would not be annexed into the City.
Aesthetics
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Under the existing General Plan, impacts to aesthetics would be influenced by the Urban Design Element
(similar to the Community Design Element of the General Plan update). Both elements are similar in intent
but the existing Urban Design Element places slightly more emphasis on streetscape whereas the proposed
offers more guidance on district and neighborhood design. The amount of area designated for residential
development under the existing General Plan is slightly greater than the proposed General Plan; therefore,
implementation has a greater chance of impacting the aesthetic resources of the City and SOl. The No
Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be the environmentally inferior alternative with regard to
aesthetics.
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Air Quality
Air quality impacts are largely a function of construction, operations, and primarily traffic, which are directly
tied to build-out statistics. The existing General Plan would result in a larger number of dwelling units (99,233
vs 95,663 with the proposed General Plan) and therefore, total population. The number of jobs created would
be greater under the existing General Plan. A larger population and greater number of jobs would lead to
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June 2005
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
greater traffic and potential air quality impacts than the proposed General Plan update. The No Project/
Existing General Plan Alternative would be the environmentally inferior alternative with regard to air quality.
Biological Resources
Areas of vacant land available for development are limited in the City and SOl but do exist primarily along the
northern portion of the City stretching into the San Bernardino Mountains where conflict with biological
resources would be greatest. This is also the area where land use designations have been changed to
reduce residential development and retain open space. Implementation of the existing General Plan would
continue the potential for destruction of biological resources by allowing residential development to further
encroach into the mountain areas. The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be the
environmentally inferior alternative with regard to biological resources.
Cultural Resources
Historic resources were identified in the existing General Plan and protective ordinances and overlays have
been adopted since the existing General Plan was written. Some of these are the result of goals and policies
of the existing General Plan. Although the existing General Plan goals and polices regarding historic
resources would provide an equivalent level of protection to historical resources as the proposed General
Plan, because there is opportunity for slightly greater development of vacant areas as residential, there is a
greater chance that buried resources could be impacted. Therefore, the No Project/Existing General Plan
Alternative would be the environmentally inferior alternative with regard to Cultural Resources.
Geology and Soils
The San Bernardino area is known to have seismic and soils hazards that could normally be mitigated
through existing regulations and standard conditions of approval. The land use plan for the existing General
Plan does allow for more development of residential uses than the proposed General Plan update in the
hillsides near the San Bernardino Mountains, where geology and soils conditions may present problems. In
that regard impacts from geology and soils would be greater than those of proposed General Plan update.
The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative, therefore, would be the environmentally inferior alternative
with regard to Geology and Soils.
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Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Hazards and hazardous materials are typically associated with certain commercial and industrial
development and potential impacts are derived from exposure, transport, or disposal of hazardous materials.
San Bernardino has some know sites that have been contaminated with hazardous materials. An increase in
potential exposure could be linked to an increase in industrial and commercial development. The statistical
comparison of the proposed and existing General Plans found in Table 3.3-3 indicates a greater amount of
combined commercial and industrial development with implementation of the existing General Plan, which
would suggest greater risk and impact from hazards and hazardous materials. Also a larger population
would be at risk under the existing General Plan. Additionally, greater residential development in the northern
hillsides allowed under the existing General Plan would increase the risk of impact due to fire. Therefore, the
No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be considered the environmentally inferior alternative with
regard to hazards and hazardous materials.
Hydrology and Water Quality
Although the proposed General Plan update includes a larger total area of development with the addition of
the Martin Ranch (#8 on Table 5.8-3) in the SOl and annexation of the County portion of the Arrowhead
Springs property, the existing General Plan would allow a more residential development in vacant areas
where the proposed General Plan would not. It is the development of vacant areas that would contribute the
Genera! Plan Update and Associated SPecific PlanJ EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-7
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
most to hydrology and water quality impacts through construction and increased impervious surfaces,
especially in the hillside areas where most of the changes between the plans exist. As such the No Project/
Existing General Plan Alternative would be considered the environmentally inferior alternative.
Land Use and Planning
Without changes to certain land use designations and maps to reflect existing uses build-out of the existing
General Plan could result in conflicting land uses such as residential development where open space is
desired as noted in Table 5.8-3 (map key #4). Other conflicts exist with the existing designation such as
residential land uses designated where publicly owned flood control basins exist. Because of these potential
designation conflicts which are corrected in the proposed General Plan update, the No Project/Existing
General Plan Alternative would be considered the environmentally inferior alternative with regard to Land Use
and Planning.
Mineral Resources
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In areas where mineral resources exist or regionally significant construction aggregate sectors exist, there
are no differences in land use designation between the existing General Plan and the proposed General .'
Plan; therefore, impacts would be identical. The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be
considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to mineral resources.
Noise
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Build-out under the existing General Plan would allow more residential development creating greater
population and build-out would also create a greater number of jobs all of which would contribute to traffic ..
volumes which are the primary contributors to noise. Therefore, the No Project/Existing General Plan
Alternative would be considered an environmentally inferior alternative with regard to noise.
Population and Housing
As shown in Table 7.3-1, build-out of the existing General Plan would create a larger number of households
and a greater number of jobs than the proposed General Plan. However the relationship between the two ...,
which is expressed as the jobs to household ratio is lower with the existing General Plan. A ratio that is more
equalized is considered preferable; therefore, the No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be
considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Public Services
Increases in the size of the projected population and the intensity of development would be indicators of the
need for public services. Both population and acres of residential, commercial, and industrial development
would be greater with the existing General Plan than the proposed General Plan creating a greater impact on
public services. Therefore, the No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be considered an
environmentally inferior alternative with regard to public services.
Recreation
There is currently a shortage of parkland within the City of San Bernardino if the desired ratio of 5 acres of
parkland per 1000 residents is applied. Continued implementation of the existing General Plan would create
a larger population and given that new development would be required to meet the parkland requirement
and parkland is not acquired independently by the City, the imbalance would continue to increase.
Additionally areas designated as residential in the existing General Plan (in the Paradise Hills Specific Plan)
would not be changed to Public Park and Open Space designations as with the proposed General Plan
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
update, further increasing the imbalance. Thus the No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be
considered an environmentally inferior alternative with regard to recreation.
Transportation and Traffic
Population and jobs would both be greater with continued implementation of the existing General Plan than
with the proposed General Plan; therefore, traffic impacts would be greater. The No Project/Existing General
Plan Alternative would be considered an environmentally inferior alternative with regard to transportation and
traffic.
Utilities
Greater population and development of commercial and industrial uses would occur with build-out of the
existing General Plan than with the proposed General Plan placing greater impacts on utilities, which would
make the No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative an environmentally inferior alternative with regard to
utilities.
Conclusion
The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would be considered the environmentally inferior alternative
with regard to all impact categories except Population and Housing where this alternative would be superior
due to a jobs-to-household ratio that would be more desirable and Mineral Resources which would be
considered environmentally neutral.
7.3.1.2
Reduced Intensity Alternative
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The Reduced Intensity Alternative focuses on reducing impacts on traffic and thus the impacts on air quality
and noise by changing the allowable floor area ratio (FAR) of the commercial and industrial land uses to a
range between 1.50 and 0.35 for commercial and between 0.50 and 0.25 for industrial uses thereby
decreasing the number of jobs and the resulting traffic. The proposed General Plan assumes an FAR range
between 3.0 and 0.70 for commercial and 1.00 and 0.70 for industrial uses. Estimated population and
housing units would stay the same as the proposed project but job creation would be reduced to 178,443
from 355,629 in the proposed project, consequently reducing the jobs to household ratio.
Aesthetics
A reduction in the allowable FAR for industrial and commercial development would have the result of
reducing the size and bulk of that type of construction relative to the lot sizes which may improve the
aesthetic quality for areas with those land use designations. That aspect would make the Reduced Intensity
Alternative the environmentally superior alternative. All other considerations would be similar to the proposed
General Plan update.
Air Quality
A reduction in the allowable FAR would decrease the number of jobs at build-out considerably and
consequently the traffic which is a major contributor to air quality impacts. Smaller sizes of buildings or fewer
industrial buildings would also have the effect of potentially reducing operational air quality impacts from a
source more likely to contribute to air quality impacts than other types of uses. The Reduced Intensity
Alternative consequently would be the environmentally superior alternative.
Biological Resources
The greatest biological impacts would occur where vacant land and biological resources conflict. That area
is largely confined to the foothill areas where primarily residential uses are planned. Since a reduction in FAR
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 7-9
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
for commercial and industrial uses would have no direct effect on build-out of residential uses the impacts of
this alternative would be similar to the proposed General Plan. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be
considered environmentally neutral with regard to biological resources.
Cultural Resources
Generally land designated as industrial is located away from cultural resources and in particular the historic
resources of the City. However, that is not the case with commercial land use designations. Historic
properties are typically at risk for development into commercial uses. With a reduction in FAR for commercial
use it is less likely that a great number of historic parcels would be assembled and threatened with demo-
lition to make way for new commercial development. Therefore, the Reduced Intensity Alternative would be
considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Geology and Soils
All of San Bernardino has risk from geologic hazards such as earthquake. The size of a building has little
bearing on earthquake safety since structural standards for earthquake apply to any building regardless of
size; therefore, a reduction in FAR would make little difference in the impacts from geology and soils. Build-
out of all other land use categories under this alternative would be the same as the proposed General Plan
update and consequently the impact would be the same. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be
considered environmentally neutral with regard to geology and soils.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Industrial uses are the most likely contributors to accumulation and transport of hazardous materials. A
reduction in the size of industrial buildings through a reduced FAR may limit the types of industrial
development such as manufacturing that may use and transport hazardous materials. As such there may be
a reduction in the risk of exposure to hazards and hazardous materials. Therefore, the Reduced Intensity
Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Hydrology and Water Quality
Relatively little vacant land exists within the City and the SOl for industrial and commercial development
except possibly near the airport. An airport master plan has not been approved but with conversion to
commercial use form its former military use there would be greater pressure to develop nearby industrial
uses either in the form of infill development or demolition and rebuilding. If those new developments are
required to have a reduced FAR it would result in smaller building footprints and less impermeable surfaces
that have the potential to effect storm water runoff and water quality. With build-out of all other land uses the
impacts to water quality and hydrology would be similar to the proposed General Plan. Over all with less
impermeable surfaces to effect hydrology and water quality the Reduced Intensity Alternative would be
considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Land Use and Planning
A reduction in the amount of industrial and commercial development would have little effect on land use and
planning issues in terms of conflict. Some land use conflicts involving commercial, industrial, and residential
land uses have been resolved through the proposed General Plan update and those would remain the same
for this alternative. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered environmentally neutral with
regard to land use and planning.
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Mineral Resources
The reduced intensity alternative primarily affects the development of structures and regionally significant
mineral resources that are located in the industrial zones. It is possible that structures could be built where
those resources exist and a reduced footprint through a reduced FAR would result in less potential impact to
mineral resources. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior
alternative.
Noise
Noise impacts would come primarily from traffic created by the residential population and employment
centers. Operational noise could be the product of industrial and commercial uses as well. Under the
reduced intensity alternative fewer jobs would be created reducing the traffic and subsequent noise. Less
industrial activity may also reduce operational related noise. Thus the Reduced Intensity Alternative would be
considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Population and Housing
Under the reduced intensity alternative the amount of residential land use would remain the same as with the
proposed General Plan update and the number of households would be the same. However the number of
jobs created would be considerably reduced by as many as 176,060 jobs at full build-out over the proposed
plan. The jobs to household relationship would be reduced to a more balanced and de~irable ratio
(according to SCAG) of 2.10. Consequently the Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered the
environmentally superior alternative.
Public Services
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Although population would remain the same with the reduced intensity alternative a reduction in the size of
commercial and industrial development, which a reduced FAR would accomplish, would slightly reduce the
need for public services such as police and fire protection over the proposed plan. Therefore, the Reduced
Intensity Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Recreation
Impacts to parks and recreation have a direct connection to size of population which is driven by residential
development and not commercial or industrial development. Residential development does respond to an
increase in job creation but a direct relationship is difficult to determine. The projected population under the
reduced intensity alternative would be the same as with the proposed General Plan update and the impacts
to recreation would be the same. Therefore, the Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered the
environmentally neutral alternative.
Transportation and Traffic
Traffic impact is directly related to population and employment. With fewer jobs created at build-out under
the reduced intensity alternative there would be less traffic impact. Therefore, the Reduced Intensity
Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Utilities
Industry is typically a larger user of utility resources such as water, sewer, and electricity on a per person
basis than residential uses. With a reduction in the amount of industrial and commercial development these
resources would be less impacted and the need for new treatment plants could be delayed under the
reduced intensity alternative. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered the environmentally
superior alternative.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-] ]
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Conclusion
The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative as compared
to the proposed General Plan for Aesthetics, Air Quality, Cultural Resources, Hazards and Hazardous
Materials, Hydrology and Water Quality, Mineral Resources, Noise, Population and Housing, Public Services,
Transportation and Traffic and Utilities. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered environ-
mentally neutral for Biological Resources, Geology and Soils, Land Use and Planning and Recreation.
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7.3.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
This section contains alternatives that have been determined to represent a reasonable range of alternatives
which have the potential to feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the Arrowhead Springs Specific
Plan but which may avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project. Only those
impacts found significant and unavoidable are used in making the final determination of whether an alter-
native is environmentally superior or inferior to the proposed project. Environmental impacts of the Specific
Plan involving air quality and cultural resources, and noise were found to be significant and unavoidable. The
alternatives include the No Project/Use of Existing Facilities Alternative, Reduced Intensity Alternative, and
Wetlands Avoidance Alternative.
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Alternatives Comparison
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The following statistical analysis is a summary of general socioeconomic build-out projections and was
developed as a tool to better understand the difference between the alternatives analyzed.
UI -out tatlstlca ummary
No
Project/Existing Reduced Intensify Wetlands Avoidance
Proposed Project Zoning Alternative Alternative Alternative
Dwelling Units/Households 1,350/1,283' 1,3582 1,350/1,2831 1,274/1,210'
Population 4,233 4,536 4,233 3,979
Employment 2,530 7723 1,4464 2,515
Jobs to Household Ratio 1.97 0.57 1.13 1.58
B "Id
Table 7.3-2
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1. Assumes 5% vacancy rate
2. No reduction for vacancy due to single-family land use designation.
3. Existing hotel, bungalows, and spa would be source of employment.
4. Assumes Hilltown shops, new hotel & office building and restaurant are not built and Village Walk commercial limited to 150,000 SF.
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7.3.2.1
No-Project/Existing Zoning Alternative
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The No Project alternative for the Arrowhead Springs area assumes that the County portion ofthe property is
not annexed into the City of San Bernardino and the area is allowed to develop with existing zoning which
would allow residential development with densities anywhere between 4.5 dwelling units per acre and one
(1) dwelling unit per 40 acres. This alternative also assumes that operation of existing facilities for use as a
resort could resume with minor and necessary health and safety repairs.
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Aesthetics
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The existing zoning for the Arrowhead Springs property whether in the County or the City is residential with
varying densities. Without the benefit of a specific plan for master planning, the entire property could be sub-
divided into single family lots which would require the construction of more roads throughout the property
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
rather than a concentration of roads near the existing development as is proposed. Large areas of open
space would not be preserved with housing scattered throughout, and development would not be guided by
any design guidelines other than those afforded by the City development standards which would have a
greater effect on the aesthetic resources of the area than the proposed specific plan. The No Project/Existing
Zoning Alternative would be the environmentally inferior alternative.
Air Quality
Normal subdivision of the property may not necessarily reduce the amount of grading required to establish
roads and lots for residential development when compared to the proposed project but more of the project
site would be developed as a whole creating greater air quality impacts from moving a large total volume of
dirt during construction. Residential development however would result in fewer air quality impacts than
those caused by the construction of large office and commercial buildings that produce impacts due to
painting of large surfaces. Less traffic generated from commercial uses which would not be built would
reduce the amount of mobile emissions from due to operations. Operational impacts from residential
development which are usually due to use of fireplaces would remain abut the same since there is only a
difference of 8 units. Over all the impacts to air quality would be less for the No Project/Existing Zoning
Alternative which would be considered the environmentally superior alternative.
Biological Resources
With t'1e potential for the entire 1916 acres of the property to be developed with either the existing resort
facilities or residential development a greater amount of native vegetation could be disturbed than the
proposed plan but impacts to Waterman Canyon are likely to be less than with the proposed plan for a golf
course. Single family residential development along the canyon could be accomplished without removal of
riparian vegetation communities and relocation of the stream which are considerable and significant impacts.
The large lot development required with the existing density is more likely to preserve some foraging habitat
through pastures and landscape planting. Wetlands and riparian habitats are unique and difficult to replace
and the loss of these features would out weigh the loss of other types of habitat on the project site.
Therefore, the No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior
alternative.
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Cultural Resources
Reuse of the existing facilities would avoid destruction of the identified historic resources of the Arrowhead
Springs resort complex, which is considered a significant unavoidable adverse impact. Development of the
remainder of the property for residential development, however, may still impact archaeological resources
but to a lesser extent than implementation of the proposed specific plan. Due to the reduced impact on
cultural resources, the No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally
superior alternative with regard to cultural resources.
Geology and Soils
Impacts from geology and soils are related to seismic (earthquake) risk, soil erosion, poor soils, and
landslides. Earthquake risk under all alternatives is relatively the same however soil erosion and potential for
landslides is dependant on the amount of grading that would happen for residential development under this
alternative. It is possible that grading could occur over the entire 1916 acres of the property for this alter-
native and that large areas could be graded for pad sites for residential development. However, the required
densities would create large lots that may not be practical for large scale grading. Sometimes only an area
large enough for the home site is graded and the remainder left natural. Under that scenario grading would
be less with this alternative. Risk to the population from potential landslides or earthquake would be less with
this alternative without the commercial development that would bring larger numbers of people to the area.
General Plan Update and AJJociated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 7-13
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Therefore, the No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior
alternative with regard to geology and soils.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Under the no project/existing zoning alternative where residential development would be the primary land
use the greatest hazard would be from wild land fire. The area has experienced numerous fires in the past.
Without the commercial development and the types business (such as dry cleaners) that may handle greater
quantities of hazardous chemicals than residential uses risk from hazardous materials would be reduced.
Although the difference is small the impacts due to hazards and hazardous materials would be less with the
no project/existing zoning alternative. Therefore, the No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be
considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard to hazards and hazardous materials.
Hydrology and Water Quality
If single family residential development occurred across the Arrowhead Springs property, the allowable
density under the existing zoning would result in large lots of 10,000 square feet and larger. With lots of that
size the area is less likely to be developed with as much impermeable surface as the proposed project and
there would be less need to realign West Twin Creek in Waterman Canyon. Limiting commercial
development to the existing hotel complex would result in a reduction of impermeable surfaces of over
780,000 square feet, not including parking lots. Storm water runoff from the site would be greatly reduced
over the proposed plan and potential impacts to water quality would also be reduced. More importantly West
Twin Creek would be allowed to remain in its natural state, which would also reduce the impact to vegetative
communities. However, the potential for flooding in Waterman Canyon, which can be a frequent event, would
not be reduced. Overall the impacts of this alternative would be less. Therefore, the No Project/Existing
Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard hydrology and
water quality.
Land Use and Planning
Developing the Arrowhead Springs area for residential with this alternative is consistent with the existing
zoning for the area and the continuing the use of the existing facilities would be allowed as well. No typical
residential community exists on the property currently so there would be no conflicts with establishing a
residential community and all other impacts regarding land use and planning would be similar to the pro-
posed project. The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral
alternative with regard to Land Use and Planning.
Mineral Resources
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The Arrowhead Springs property lacks any economically feasible mineral resources for extraction therefore,
any kind of development on the property would have no impact including this alternative, the same as the
proposed project. The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally ..,
neutral alternative with regard to Mineral Resources.
Noise
Without the extensive amount of grading required for the proposed project and the construction of over
780,000 square feet of commercial space, noise from construction would be reduced with the no
project/existing alternative. The commercial uses would also be a source of operational noise and traffic
noise. Correspondingly the noise impacts would be less for this alternative without the development of those
facilities. The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior
alternative with regard to Noise.
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Population and Housing
Build-out under the no project/existing zoning alternative would result in approximately 8 more dwelling units
but a population that is 303 persons more than the proposed project due to the single family zoning desig-
nation. Population projections for the proposed project take into consideration a vacancy rate for multiple
family housing, which reduces the total population. The existing hotel complex is expected to retain approxi-
mately 772 jobs if restored to full commercial use. The resulting jobs to household ratio would be 0.57, below
a desirable "balanced" rate but given the jobs "rich" region the increase in housing over jobs would be
considered a positive impact. In that regard the No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered
an environmentally superior alternative.
Public Services
Any additional development in the Arrowhead Springs area would place additional demand on public
services such as police and fire protection. Due to the distance from those existing services in San
Bernardino and the fire danger that exists in the area providing these services would be difficult. It is difficult
to say whether water service would be extended to that area from San Bernardino, which could be tech-
nically difficult and expensive. Without a collective water supply system, loss to fire could be considerable
when compared to the proposed project where a well developed water infrastructure is planned. The
difficulty in providing adequate fire protection would be off-set by the decreased need for police protection
without the demand that would be placed on the area under the proposed plan due to the amount of
commercial development and the number of people that would attract. All public services taken into
consideration, the impact to public services with this alternative would be about the same. The No
Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to
Public Services.
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Recreation
Any new development in the Arrowhead Springs area would be required to provide the appropriate park
space per population therefore, the impact on recreation would be the same as the proposed project. The
No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with
regard to Recreation.
Transportation and Traffic
Commercial uses generate much more traffic than residential uses and if the commercial use is reduced to
just the hotel complex the total amount of total traffic generated would be less with this alternative given the
number of dwelling units is nearly the same. The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered
an environmentally superior alternative with regard to Transportation and Traffic.
Utilities
Limiting the new development on the Arrowhead Springs property to residential use and the existing facilities
would create less demand for water, sewer, and solid waste disposal utilities than the proposed plan.
Developing the infrastructure to deliver the water and sewer services if tied to the City of San Bernardino
systems would be difficult if development were stretched across the entire property but would have no
greater impact on the environment in terms of grading than the proposed given that large reservoirs would
need to be constructed for the proposed project. Under this alternative, the source of water would likely be
through the City supply of wells, which would cause less impact on stream hydrology and associated
biological impacts. With overall lesser demand for utilities The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would
be considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard to Utilities.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plam EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-15
7.
Alternatives to the Proposed Project
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Conclusion
The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative as
compared to the proposed Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan for Air Quality, Biological Resources, Cultural
Resources, Geology and Soils, Hazards, Hazardous Materials, Hydrology and Water Quality, Noise,
Population and Housing, Transportation and Traffic and Utilities. The No Project/Existing Zoning Alternative
would be considered the environmentally inferior for Aesthetics and environmentally neutral for Land Use ...
and Planning, Public Services and Recreation.
7.3.2.2
Reduced Intensity Alternative
11M
Since construction activities are the primary source of air quality and noise impacts and commercial uses
generate the greatest amount of traffic (also contributing to air quality and noise impacts), the reduced
intensity alternative focuses on reducing the amount of commercial and office use, which would reduce the
size of the area to be graded and consequently would also reduce traffic and associated impacts. This
alternative assumes that the Hilltown shops, new hotel, office building, and restaurant are not built and the
Village Walk commercial area is limited to 150,000 square feet for neighborhood commercial. The hotel
complex would be restored and the associated conference facilities and annex built and all residential areas
would be built with this alternative.
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Aesthetics
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With less alteration of the hillsides to develop the larger commercial structures (such as a new hotel or office
building) more of the natural terrain would be preserved improving the aesthetic quality ofthe area. With less
demand for utilities, the need for that infrastructure such as the water reservoirs, which are typically located
on higher locations where they are more visible, would be reduced. This would have the effect of creating
less impact to visual resources. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally
superior alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Aesthetics.
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Air Quality
As mentioned in the description of this alternative construction and in particular grading creates considerable
air quality impacts along with traffic. Reducing the size of the area to be graded by limiting the amount of
commercial development would reduce the temporary air quality impacts due to grading when compared to
the proposed project. Commercial development also creates more traffic than residential development and
traffic is the primary contributor to air quality impacts in southern California. With reduced commercial activity
and fewer cars the emissions from "operation" of the project would be reduced. The Reduced Intensity
Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative when compared to the proposed
project with regard to Air Quality.
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Biological Resources
A reduced grading footprint would reduce the loss of habitat on the Arrowhead Springs property, however
the greatest impacts to biological resources stem from the development of the golf course in Waterman
Canyon. This alternative would not change that out come and giving greater weight to the changes proposed
for West Twin Creek and the impacts they would cause does not significantly change the overall impacts to
biological resources with this alternative, even with a smaller grading footprint. The Reduced Intensity
Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed
project with regard to Biological Resources.
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7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Cultural Resources
Restoration and reuse of the historic hotel and associated facilities would still occur with this alternative
resulting in destruction of the same historic resources as the proposed project, which was considered an
unavoidable adverse impact. With less development there would be slightly less grading and opportunity for
disturbance of buried cultural resources, if any exist. The most significant impacts to cultural resources
remain to be the destruction of historical structures, which is consistent with the proposed project. Overall,
The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when
compared to the proposed project with regard to Cultural Resources.
Geology and Soils
A smaller grading footprint would result in fewer impacts likely to occur due to geology and soils, in
particular the risk from landslides, which are known to be located in the Arrowhead Springs area. Over
impact from seismic events would be relatively the same as the proposed project but with less commercial
development there would be fewer people put at risk from potential landslide or seismic events. The
Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative when compared
to the proposed project with regard to Geology and Soils.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
The greatest impacts from hazards and hazardous materials would largely be derived from commercial
development rather than residential development. The area is a risk for fire hazard especially for residential
use but with the appropriate infrastructure (water supply) and adherence to hillside management ordinances
that risk would be no greater than the proposed action. The reduced commercial development would reduce
the risk of impacts from hazards and hazardous materials. Consequently, the Reduced Intensity Alternative
would be considered an environmentally superior alternative when compared to the proposed project with
regard to Hazards and Hazardous Materials.
~
Hydrology and Water Quality
The reduction in commercial development with the reduced intensity alternative would reduce the amount of
impervious surfaces created which contribute to increased runoff and diminished water quality. However, the
greatest impacts to hydrology and water quality with this alternative would be from the realignment of West
Twin Creek to develop the golf course. These impacts would be the same as the proposed project and out
weigh any improvements that come from a reduction in impervious surfaces especially when considering the
comprehensive impacts to biological resources. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an
environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Hydrology and
Water quality.
Land Use and Planning
The Arrowhead springs area does not have an established residential area other than the employees that live
on-site, therefore, development of the reduced intensity alternative would create no conflicts with existing
planning and no impacts that are different than those of the proposed plan. The Reduced Intensity Alterna-
tive would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed project with
regard to Land Use and Planning.
Mineral Resources
The Arrowhead Springs property lacks any economically feasible mineral resources for extraction; therefore,
any kind development on the property would have no impact including this alternative, the same as the
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 7-17
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
p"
proposed project. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral
alternative with regard to Mineral Resources.
Noise
Noise from construction activities would be reduced if less commercial development is built and less grading
takes place. Traffic is another large contributor to noise levels and with less commercial activity there would
be fewer trips on the surrounding roads and noise level would be reduced. Consequently, the Reduced
Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard to Noise.
'"
Population and Housing
""
The population and amount of housing would remain the same as with the proposed project under this
alternative; however, fewer jobs would be created (1 ,446 compared to 2,530) and the jobs-to-household ratio
would be 1.13, which is les than the desirable SCAG balance ratio of around 1.5, but given that the San
Bernardino planning area is jobs-rich, the added housing would contribute to balancing the regional
household to jobs ratio the same as the proposed project. Therefore, the Reduced Intensity Alternative would
be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to Population and Housing.
,.,
IJIiI'
Public Services
...
Any increasR in development in the Arrowhead Springs area would place an increased demand on publiC
services especially for police and fire services. An adequate water supply system infrastructure, which is
assumed for this alternative, would assure that fire services would not be any more constrained than with the
proposed project except that demand would be less if the commercial development were limited. Less
commercial development would also reduce the demand for police services when compared to the
proposed project. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior
alternative with regard to Public Services.
..
Recreation
The demand for recreation and park land is caused by increases in population, which would be the same
with this alternative as with the proposed project and all new development must provide the appropriate
amount of park space for the given population. Thus, the impact would be the same as the proposed project.
The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to
Recreation.
...
Transportation and Traffic
Commercial uses generate much more traffic than residential uses and if the commercial use is reduced and
there are the same number of residential units as the proposed project, the number of vehicle trips would be
reduced and impacts to the surrounding road system would be less when compared to the proposed
project. The Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative with
regard to Transportation and Traffic.
Utilities
Providing water and sewer services to this area is difficult given the distance from the existing serves
available through the City. However, this alternative assumes a similar water and sewer system is developed
on-site. However, a reduction in commercial use would decrease the demand for not only water and sewer
but also solid waste disposal. The water system, if relying on withdrawal from local streams, would have less
associated impact to biological resources and hydrology is there is less demand. Consequently, the
Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard to
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Page 7-18 . The Planning Center
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June 2005
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
Conclusion
The Reduced intensity Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative as compared
to the proposed Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan for Aesthetics, Air Quality, Geology and Soils, Hazards and
Hazardous Materials, Noise, Public Services, Transportation and Traffic and Utilities. The Reduced Intensity
Alternative would be considered the environmentally neutral alternative for Biological Resources, Cultural
Resources, Hydrology and Water Quality, Land Use and Planning, Mineral Resources, Population and
Housing, and Recreation.
7.3.2.3
Wetlands Avoidance Alternative
The wetlands avoidance alternative assumes that development would not occur in areas of potential
jurisdictional waters and riparian habitat and in particular Waterman Canyon and West Twin Creek. Although
a few holes of the golf course might fit in the non-jurisdictional areas this alternative would essentially elimi-
nate development of an 18-hole golf course and eliminate some of the residential pad sites along Waterman
Canyon. With only minor adjustment to the development plan near Lake Vonette that could be arranged
without loss of riparian habitat, the remainder of the development would be built.
Aesthetics
Waterman Canyon and West Twin Creak along with Strawberry Creek and East Twin Creek help define the
aesthetic quality of the Arrowhead Springs area. Avoiding the changes to West Twin Creek and confining
residential develop to areas outside the 1 OO-year flood plain would preserve the mountain stream visual
quality of the area. Although with time development of the golf course and replacement of the stream and
riparian vegetation that would be required by resource agencies will restore some ofthe aesthetic quality, the
result will still be somewhat manufactured and the "natural" look of the area forever gone. Therefore,
preserving the canyon and stream in their current condition would lessen the impacts to aesthetic quality.
The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative when
compared to the proposed project with regard to Aesthetics.
~
Air Quality
The golf course would require 199 acres, if built; thus, 199 fewer acres would be graded, creating less
temporary emissions from construction. However, the greater and sustaining source of emissions that affect
air quality the most are produced by vehicles. There would be a slight decrease in the amount of traffic
generated with a loss of 15 jobs associated with the golf course and the attendant golfing participants. Traffic
being the more critical source of impact this reduction in traffic would result in a slightly less long-term
impact to air quality. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior
alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Air Quality.
Biological Resources
Great importance is placed on the preservation of riparian habitat and wetlands by natural resource agencies
such and the Department of Fish and Game and Corp of Engineers because of the value they have for all
types of bird animal and reptile species. Therefore, any loss of riparian habitat is considered significant.
Maintaining the wetlands and riparian habitat would reduce the impacts to biological resources considerably.
The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative when
compared to the proposed project with regard to Biological Resources.
Cultural Resources
Under this alternative the plans for the hotel complex would remain the same as the proposed project and
given the amount of cultural and historic resources in that area implementation of this alternative would not
General Plan Update and AJSoliated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 7-19
7.
Alternatives to the Proposed Project
'"
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diminish the impact to cultural resources when eligible historic structures are destined for demolition. CEQA
Guidelines consider demolition a significant unavoidable adverse impact since there is no mitigation. The
Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared
to the proposed project with regard to Cultural Resources because the impacts would remain the same.
1It".,.
Geology and Soils
""
Although the amount of grading to be conducted would be less without the golf course the remainder of the
site would still need extensive grading. It is the remedial grading needed to reduce the threat of landslide that
may be reduced with this alternative because most of the geologic formations susceptible to landslide are in
the Waterman Canyon portion of the site. If the golf course and the residential areas close West Twin Creek
are not built there would be less need for remedial grading and with those land uses removed less risk to the
public. Consequently, the Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior
alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Geology and Soils.
...
"",
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
The greatest impacts from hazards and hazardous materials would largely be derived from commercial
development rather than residential development. There would be a slightly reduced risk from hazardous
materials such as pesticides if the golf course was not built but overall because the same commercial uses
would be built as the proposed plan and those uses would be considered a greater source of potential
hazardous materials, the impacts from hazards and hazardous materials would be essentially the same as
the proposed plan. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral
alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Hazards and Hazardous Materials.
1M'
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Hydrology and Water Quality
The greatest impacts to hydrology and water quality usually come from an increase in impermeable surfaces
that contribute to an increase storm water runoff and associated water quality issues. In that regard, the
impacts to hydrology and water quality would be the same as the proposed project, including the effects of
water withdrawal from the local streams for the drinking water system. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative
would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed project with
regard to Hydrology and Water Quality.
...."
...
Land Use and Planning
The land use and planning issues under this alternative would be essentially the same, since only the golf
course and a limited amount of housing would be eliminated. Therefore, The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative
would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed project with
regard to Land Use and Planning.
~
Mineral Resources
The Arrowhead Springs property lacks any economically feasible mineral resources for extraction; therefore,
any kind development on the property would have no impact, including this alternative, the same as the
proposed project. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral
alternative with regard to Mineral Resources.
..,
Noise
...
There would be a slight reduction in temporary construction noise with the grading for the golf course
eliminated and a slight reduction in operational noise from traffic that would be going to the golf course;
however, that reduction would not be considered significant to reduce impacts below those ofthe proposed
Page 7-20 . The Planning Center
June 2005
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
plan. As such, the Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral
alternative when compared to the proposed project with regard to Noise.
Population and Housing
The population and amount of housing would slightly less with this alternative due to the elimination of some
dwelling units along West Twin Creek and the jobs associated with the golf course. The resulting jobs to
household ratio would be in the range (1.58) that SCAG considers to be balanced. Therefore, the Wetlands
Avoidance Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative when compared to the
proposed project with regard to Population and Housing.
Public Services
Elimination of the golf course would have little effect on the provision of public services since public services
are more directly tied to structural development and population. Consequently, the Wetlands Avoidance
Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed
project with regard Public Services.
Recreation
The demand for recreation and parks is caused by increases in population, which would be the same with
this alternative as with the proposed project and all new development must provide the appropriate amount
of park space for the given population. Thus, the impact would be the same as the proposed project. The
Reduced Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to
Recreation.
~
Transportation and Traffic
Elimination of the golf course would reduce the number of vehicle trips on local roads slightly, but the
contribution of traffic from this land use is not significant enough to reduce the transportation and traffic
impacts beyond those created by the proposed plan. Impacts would be essentially the same. The Reduced
Intensity Alternative would be considered an environmentally neutral alternative with regard to Transportation
and Traffic.
Utilities
The facilities plan for the proposed development (contained in Appendix J in Volume III) estimates that the
amount of water is needed for irrigation of the golf course would be approximately 780 acre feet of the total
irrigation demand of 2,042 acre feet per year. With residential and commercial development remaining the
same under the wetlands avoidance alternative, the contribution of recycled water (997 acre feet) would
remain the same as the proposed alternative. Without the need to irrigate the golf course, the amount of
water needed to be withdrawn from West Twin Creek would be reduced to 265 acre-feet per year, which
would have much less impact on the hydrology of the creek and require less infrastructure to be built to
deliver irrigation water. Generally the remaining utility impacts would be the same as the proposed but the
reduced need for irrigation water would significantly reduce total utility impacts. The Reduced intensity
Alternative would be considered an environmentally superior alternative with regard to Utilities.
Conclusion
The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be considered the environmentally superior alternative as
compared to the proposed Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan for Aesthetics, Air Quality, Biological Resources,
Geology and Soils, Population and Housing, and Utilities. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative would be
considered the environmentally neutral alternative when compared to the proposed Arrowhead Springs
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino. Page 7-21
7. Alternatives to the Proposed Project
.".,
Specific Plan for Cultural Resources, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Hydrology and Water Quality, Land
Use and Planning, Mineral Resources, Noise, Public Services, Recreation, and Transportation and Traffic.
7.4 ENVIRONMENT ALL Y SUPERIOR AL TERNA TIVE
7.4.1 San Bernardino General Plan
'"
Of the alternatives analyzed above, the Reduced Intensity Alternative is the most successful at reducing the
significant impacts of the proposed project to less than significant. However, because of its failure to meet
project objectives, this alternative is rejected. The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative is the least
successful at reducing impacts largely due to the fact that population and housing would be greater with that
alternative. The No Project/Existing General Plan Alternative would in fact create greater impacts than the
proposed General Plan.
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"Among the factors that may be used to eliminate alternatives from detailed consideration in an EIR are:
i) failure to meet most of the basic project objectives, (ii) infeasibility, (iii) inability to avoid significant
environmental impacts" [Guidelines 15126.6(c)]. The Reduced Intensity Alternative is rejected on the basis
that the most important project objectives are not sufficiently achieved, such as promoting an attitude of
entrepreneurship, tapping into the Inland Empire's dynamic economy and achieving the vision. With regard
to the No Project/ Existing General Plan Alternative, the alternative is rejected due to its ability to avoid
significant environmental impacts. All project alternatives are therefore, rejected.
...
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7.4.2 Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
Of the alternatives evaluated above, the No Project/Existing Land Use Alternative is the most successful at
reducing the significant impacts of the proposed project to less than significant. According to CEQA
Guidelines Section 15126.6; however, the No Project Alternative may not be selected as the Environmentally
Superior Alternative. Insofar as the Reduced Intensity Alternative reduces Aesthetics, Air Quality, Geology
and Soils, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Noise, Public Services, Transportation and Traffic and Utilities
this Alternative is selected as the Environmentally Superior Alternative. The remaining impacts are generally
the same as the proposed project. However, because of its failure to meet project objectives, it is rejected as
infeasible.
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"Among the factors that may be used to eliminate alternatives from detailed consideration in an EIR are: i)
failure to meet most of the basic project objectives, (ii) infeasibility, (iii) inability to avoid significant
environmental impacts" [Guidelines 15126.6(c)]. All the alternatives are rejected on the basis that project
objectives are not sufficiently achieved by them. With regard to the No Project/ Existing Zoning Alternative,
only one objective to preserve the historic resort would be realized. The Wetlands Avoidance Alternative fails
to fully realize the goal of creating a unique and resort and the objective to create both passive and active
recreational opportunities. All project alternatives are therefore, rejected.
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Page 7-22 . The Planning Center
June 2005
8. Impacts Found Not To Be Significant
The Initial Study identified various impact categories among a number of environmental issues that would
not be significantly impacted by the proposed project and therefore, did not warrant further review in this
Draft EIR. Each of these environmental issues was evaluated in the Initial Study and was determined not to
represent a potentially significant impact of the project. Please refer to the Initial Study in Appendix A for
more information. The impact categories found not to be significant are listed below. All other impact
categories are analyzed in this Draft EIR.
I.
eilcs - Would the project:
Level of Significance
b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including but not
limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings
within a state scenic highway?
II. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES - WOl.lldthe project:
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of No impact
Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping Program of
the California Resources Agency, to a non-agricultural use?
b) Other: 1 No impact
III. AIR QUA LIlY -Would the project:
e) Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number Less than Significant Impact
of people based on the information contained in the
Project Description? 2
No impactt
~
VI.~~I#G>:~Y~NI:) SOILS - WOUld the.pl'ojl;!.ct:
i) Other: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the Less Than Significant Impact
use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal
systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of
wastewater?
XIlI. pl.l.aCi'~i$lSRV:lQSS
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical
impacts associated with the provision of new or physically
altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically
altered governmental facilities, the construction of which
could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to
maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other
performance objectives for any of the public services:
Other governmental services? Less Than Significant Impact
1 In this category the Initial Study includes a discussion of Williamson Act contracts, conflicts with existing zoning for
agriculture use and conversion of Farmland.
2 Although found to be a Less Than Significant Impact, this DEIR does contain a brief discussion of potential odor and
regulatory requirements regarding air emissions from the proposed sewage treatment plant for the Arrowhead Springs
Specific Plan development.
General Plan Update and Associated SpecificPlans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 8- I
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8.
Impacts Found Not To Be Significant
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Level of Significance
xv.
TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC-Would the project:
""'"
g) Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs
supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turnouts,
bicycle racks)?
Less Than Significant Impact
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Page 8-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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9. Significant Irreversible Changes Due to
the Proposed Project
Section 15126 (f) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an EIR describe any significant irrevel'sible
environmental changes which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented. In the
case of the proposed project, implementation of the proposed General Plan update and Specific Plans
for both Arrowhead Springs and the University District would allow for additional residential, commercial,
and office development consistent with the adopted Land Use Element. Future development will require
the commitment of vacant parcels of land or redevelopment of existing developed land within the City of
San Bernardino and a small portion of San Bernardino County for the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
Future development will involve construction activities that will entail the commitment of non-renewable
and/or slowly renewable energy resources, human resources, and natural resources such as lumber and
other forest products, sand and gravel, asphalt, steel, copper, lead, other metals, and water. An
increased commitment of social services and public maintenance services (e.g., police, fire, schools,
libraries and sewer and water services) will also be required. The energy and social service commit-
ments will be long-term obligations in view of the fact that it is impossible to return the land to its original
condition once it has been developed.
~
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 9-]
9. Significant Irreversible Changes Due to
the Proposed Project
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Page 9-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
10. Growth-Inducing Impacts of the Project
Pursuant to Sections 15126(d) and 15126.2(d) of the CEQA Guidelines, this section is provided to examine
ways in which the proposed project could foster economic or population growth, or the construction of
additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environment. Also required is an assess-
ment of other projects that would foster other activities which could affect the environment, individually or
cumulatively. To address this issue, potential growth inducing effects will be examined through analysis of
the following questions:
· Would the project remove obstacles to growth, e.g., through the construction or extension of major
infrastructure facilities that do not presently exist in the project area, or through changes in existing
regulations pertaining to land development?
· Would this project result in the need to expand one or more public services to maintain desired
levels of service?
· Would this project encourage or facilitate economic effects that could result in other activities that
could significantly affect the environment?
· Would approval of this project involve some precedent setting action that could encourage and
facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment?
Please note that growth inducing effects are not to be construed as necessarily beneficial, detrimental, or of
little significance to the environment. This issue is presented to provide additional information on ways
in which this project could contribute to significant changes in the environment, beyond the direct
consequences of developing the land use concept examined in the preceding sections of this EIR.
Remove Obstacles to Growth?
~
The General Plan Update in and of its self does not include extension or construction of any major
infrastructure. No new undeveloped areas are planned for annexation. The Martin Ranch area on the
northern boundary of the City has been added to the SOl but development has already been occurring there.
Most of the land use designation changes proposed are map corrections to reflect the development that has
already occurred. The annexation of the remainder of the Arrowhead Springs property is part of the
proposed project; however, Arrowhead Springs has always been self sustaining in terms of infrastructure
and would continue to be so after annexation. Extensions of existing utility facilities in the City from
surrounding roadways will provide a sufficient tie-in to the existing utility systems to accommodate the
demands of this project at full buildout. However, the amount of growth predicted would require expansion of
water and wastewater processing facilities. The University District Specific Plan includes only aesthetic
changes, and does not require any extension of utility facilities, nor does it remove any obstacles to growth.
Concerning the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, approximately 200 acres. of the Arrowhead Springs
property is currently developed with infrastructure sufficient for those uses. The infrastructure proposed for
the scope of this plan would be sufficient only for this plan, not for future growth. Water and sewer systems
are currently provided from resources on-site and would continue to be provided on-site, although expanded
to accommodate this plan. Any additional development will need to include the expansion or replacement of
the proposed infrastructure. Development of the site is currently allowed by the existing General Plans for
both the City and the County of San Bernardino (for the portion that lies in the County). Approval of the
proposed Specific Plan would limit development to selected areas of the property (leaving 1,400 acres of
the1 ,906-acre property for open space) and thus reduce the amount of land available for future development
on-site, which is not restricted by current land use designations, thereby limiting growth-inducing impacts
associated with the proposed project.
General Plan Update and AJJociated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 10- I
10. Growth-Inducing Impacts of the Project
Require Expansions of One or More Public Services?
As discussed in Section 5.12, there will be significant growth inducing consequences with respect to this
project. Future development of the General Plan and development of the Arrowhead Springs area will
necessitate additional fire protection, medical aid, police protection, school, parks and other recreational
facilities. Elements of the specific plan for the University District include mainly aesthetic improvements, as
previously mentioned, and will not necessitate any additional resources.
None of the public service agencies consulted during the preparation of this EIR have indicated that
this project would necessitate the immediate expansion of their existing resources, in order to main-
tain desired levels of service. This project would not, therefore, have significant growth inducing
consequences with respect to public services.
Encourage or Facilitate Economic Activities?
During project construction, a number of design, engineering, and construction-related jobs would be
created. This would be a temporary situation, lasting until project construction is completed. This would be a
direct, growth inducing effect of this project. As new homes are developed and occupied, residents of the
proposed project would seek shopping, entertainment, employment, home improvement, auto maintenance
and other economic opportunities in the surrounding area, inclusive of nearby areas, the entire City of San
Bernardino and probably most of northwest San Bernardino County. This would represent an increased
demand for such economic goods and services anG could, therefore, encourage the creation of new
businesses, and/or the expansion of existing businesses which address these economic needs San
Bernardino has always been viewed as a jobs center However, the proposed project is balanced in that it
also provides commercial uses to serve the shopping needs of the future residents which will generate
additional employment opportunities. Therefore, the proposed project will have a direct growth inducing
effect, although indirect growth-inducing effects will be minimized due to the balanced nature of the land use
plan. This analysis and conclusion also applies to the Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan.
Involve a Precedent Setting Action?
The proposed project entails an update of the General Plan for the City of San Bernardino, in addition to
specific plans for the Arrowhead Springs area and the University District. No changes to existing zoning
standards, or to any of the City's building safety standards (I.e., building, grading, plumbing, mechanical,
electrical, fire codes) are proposed or required to implement this project. Mitigation measures have been
identified where necessary in the preceding Sections 5.1 to 5.15 to ensure that subsequent subdivision maps
and site-specific development projects comply with all applicable City plans, policies, ordinances, etc., to
ensure thatthere are no conflicts with adopted land development regulations and that environmental impacts
are minimized as this project is completed over the next several years or decades in the case of the General
Plan update.
Pressures to develop other land in the surrounding area would derive from regional economic conditions
and market demands for housing, commercial and industrial land uses that are not directly or indirectly
influenced by zoning actions on a particular property. Approval of the proposed project would not, therefore,
involve a precedent setting action that could be applied to other properties and thereby encourage or
facilitate growth that would not otherwise occur.
Page 10-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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11. Organizations and Persons Consulted
East Valley Water District
Ron Buchwald
Assistant District Engineer
Ig Seifert
San Bernardino County Solid Waste Division
Refuse and Recycling
Arlington Rogers
Manager
Erma Hurse
Planner III
Peter Wulfman
Manager
San Bernardino Police Department
Garrett W. Zimmon
Police Chief
City of San Bernardino
Lemuel P. Randolph
Director of Parks, Recreation and Community
Services Department
San Bernardino Public Library
Millicent Price
Principal Librarian,
Public Services
Mike Clark
Associate Library Director
San Bernardino County Library
Administration
Roger Clemens
Manager
Library Services
San Bernardino City Fire Department
Denis Reichardt
Deputy Chief
Southern California Edison
Vince Alvarez, III
Planner 2
Redlands Service Center
Kim Gerber
Planner
San Bernardino City Unified School District
Michael Perez
San Bernardino County Superintendent of
Schools
Nancy Stone
Facilities Technician
David O. Reck
District Facility Planner
City of San Bernardino Development
Services
Mark Lancaster
City Engineer
Deputy Director of Development Services
~
Southern California Gas Company
Debry Jennings
Associate Planner
San Bernardino Municipal Water Department
W. William Bryden, P.E.
Director
Water Utility
Matthew H. Litchfield, P.E.
Principal Engineer
John A. Perry, P.E.
Director of Water Reclamation
City of San Bernardino Public Works
Robert Sepulveda
Associate Engineer
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page I] -]
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11. Organizations and Persons Consulted
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July 2005
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12. Qualifications of Persons Preparing
EIR
THE PLANNING CENTER (LEAD CONSULTANT)
Dwayne S. Mears, AICP
Principal-in-Charge of Environmental
Services
. B.S., California Polytechnic State University, San
Luis Obispo, City and Regional Planning, 1978
. M.R.P., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
City and Regional Planning, 1980
William Halligan, Esq.
Director of Environmental
Services/Environmental Counsel
. BA University of California, Irvine, Social Ecology,
1988
. J.D., Chapman University, 1999
Dotty Hardinger
Senior Project Manager
. B.L.A., University of Oregon, Eugene,
Landscape Architecture, 1977
Brian James
Project Manager
. B.S., City and Regional Planning, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1991
Tin Cheung
Sr. Environmental Scientist,
Air Quality & Noise
. B.A., Environmental Studies and Geography,
University of California at Santa Barbara, 1993
Donna Eta
Sr. Regulatory Specialist
. B.S., Biological Sciences/Marine Sciences,
University of Southern California, 1977
~
Laurie Hager
Environmental Planner
. B.S., Santa Clara University, Political Science,
with minor in Environmental Studies
. M.S., California State University at Fullerton,
Environmental Studies, with a concentration in
policy and planning
Konnie Dobreva
Environmental Planner
. J.D., Pepperdine University School of Law, 2004
. Certificate in Alternative Dispute Resolution, Straus
Institute, 2004
. B.A., Cum Laude, Environmental Analysis and
Design, Minor in Urban and Regional Planning,
University of California, Irvine, Spring 1998
Tova Corman
Environmental Planner
. BA, University of California, Irvine, Anthropology,
2000
. M.U.R.P., University of California, Irvine, 2004
Rene Jordan
Environmental Planner
. BA, Environmental Analysis and Design,
University of California, Irvine
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 12-1
....
12. Qualifications o/Persons Preparing
EIR
-
Nicole Krause
Environmental Planner
Craig Ramella
Graphics and GIS Mapping
Dee Santos
Word Processing
Maria Heber
Reproduction
SUBCONSUL TANTS
Traffic and Circulation/Geo/ogy/Geohazards
Transtech, Inc.
Ali Cayir, P.E.
Project Principal
Biological Resources
National Resources Assessment, Inc.
Karen Kirtland
President
Historical Resources
San Buenaventura Research Associates
Mitch Stone
President
Cultural Resources
SWCA Environmental Consultants
Joan Brown, M.A., RPA
Senior Project Manager
-
· B.A., Environmental Studies and B.S. Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa
Cruz, 2002
· M.U.R.P. Candidate, University of California, Irvine,
expected graduation 2005
....
....
. B.A., Gonzaga University, 1987
...
N/A
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N/A
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Page 12-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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13. Bibliography
Aesthetics
No references.
Air Quality
California Air Resources Board, Air Pollutant Monitoring Station Data. Obtained from
http/ /www.arb.ca. gov /adam.
California Air Resources Board, South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status.
http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/adm/adm.htm. June 2004.
California Department of Transportation, CALlNE4 traffic dispersion model version 1.3, June 1989.
California Department of Transportation, EMFAC2002 emission factor model version 2.2, April 2003.
California Department of Transportation, Transportation Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Protocol,
December 1997.
South Coast Air Quality Management District, Air Quality Management Plan, 2003.
South Coast Air Quality Management District, CEQA Air Quality Handbook, November 1993.
South Coast Air Quality Management District, URBEMIS2002 emissions model, version 8.7
United States Environmental Protection Agency, "AP42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factor."
November 1997.
~
Biological Resources
Arrowhead Parkway Alternative Alignment Fatal Flaw Analysis. The Planning Center. July 25, 2003.
Biological Resources Assessment, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, San Bernardino County, California.
Natural Resources Assessment, Inc. Revised May 16, 2005.
California Natural Diversity Database, Dated February 25, 2005. Devore, Harrison Mountain, Redlands,
San Bernardino North, San Bernardino South Quadrangles. California Department of Fish and
Game, Wildlife and Habitat Data Analysis Branch. Searches conducted March 2005.
City of Fontana General Plan, Open Space and Conservation Element. City of Fontana. Adopted
October 21 , 2003.
City of Redlands 1995 General Plan, Section 7, Open Space and Conservation Element. City of Redlands.
August 1995, As Amended on December 12,1997.
Conservation Banks in San Bernardino County, Cajon Creek (CaIMat), San Bernardino County. California
Resources Agency, CERES: A Catalogue of Conservation Banks in California. Obtained April
2005 from http://ceres.ca.gov/topic/banking/san_bernardino.html.
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Emergency Rule to List the San Bernardino Kangaroo
Rat; Final Rule. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17, RIN
1 018-AE59. January 27, 1998.
General Plan Update and Associated Specific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino - Page 13-1
-,
13. Bibliography
-
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Determination of Critical Habitat for the Coastal
California Gnatcatcher; Final Rule. U.S. Fish and Wildlife SeNice. Fish and Wildlife SeNice
50 CFR, Part 17, RIN 1 018-AF32. October 24, 2000.
-
..
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the San
Bernardino Kangaroo Rat; Final Rule. U.S. Fish and Wildlife SeNice. Fish and Wildlife SeNice
50 CFR Part 17, RIN 1018-AH07. April 23, 2002.
~
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation of Critical Habitat for the Santa Ana
Sucker (Catostomus santaanae; Final Rule. U.S. Fish and Wildlife SeNice. Fish and Wildlife
Service 50 CFR Part 17, RIN 1018-AT57. January 4,2005.
""'!
Environmental PreseNation, Woolly Star. County of San Bernardino, Department of Public Works, Flood
Control District. Obtained April 2005 from http://www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us/flood/environ.htm.
....
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum Plant Profile. Center for Plant ConseNation, National Collection
Plant Profile. Obtained from: http://www.centerforplantconseNation.org/ASP/
CPC _ ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum= 1618
...
Final Recovery Plan for the Delhi Sand Flower-Loving Fly. U.S. Fish and Wildlife SeNice, Pacific Region.
1997.
....
Notice of Intent To Prepare an Amendment to the South Coast Resource Management Plan for the Santa
Ana River Area of Critical Environmental Concern. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal
Register Environmental Documents, Federal Register: April 26, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 80).
Obtained April 2005 from http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/ApriI/Day-26/i9319.htm
"'"
Riverside-Corona Resource Conservation District Long Range Plan 2000-2004, Upper Santa Ana Wash
Significant Natural Area (SNA). California Association of Resource ConseNation Districts.
Obtained April 2005 from http://www.carcd.org/wisp/riversidecorona/lr-plan.htm.
-<
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board Regional Map. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/html/full_screen_map.html
Santa Ana River Area of Critical Environmental Concern. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
Management. Obtained from http://www.ca.blm.gov/news/2004/04/fr/
Santa_Ana _ River_Wash. htm!.
Santa Ana River Mainstem Project. Obtained April 2005 from http://www.oc.ca.gov/pfrd/santaana.htm.
Seven Oaks Dam Project. Obtained April 2005 from http://www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us/flood/
dampage.htm.
...
....
...
"""I.
Cultural Resources
Archaelogical Survey for the Arrowhead Springs Project, San Bernardino County, California. SWCA
Environmental Consultants. January 2005.
-
Historic Resources Report, Arrowhead Springs Hotel, San Bernardino, CA. San Buenaventura Research
Associates, Santa Paula, CA. February 16, 2005.
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Page 1]-2 . The Planning Center
July 2005
...
13. Bibliography
Geology and Soils
Additional Towns of San Bernardino County, California, Arrowhead Hot Springs. California Genealogy.
Obtained March 2005 from http://www.californiagenealogy.org/sanbernardino/towns2.htm.
Geothermal Energy, Heat from the Earth Power for the Future. City of San Bernardino Municipal Water
Department. Obtained February 2005 from http://www.sbcitywater.org/.
Hydrocarbon Flux Variations in Natural and Anthropogenic Seeps. Exploration Technologies, Inc.Jones,
Victor T. & Burtell, S.G. 2002. Obtained from http://www.eti-geochemistry.com/flux/
Resource Investigation of Low- and Moderate- Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino
California. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, DMG Open-
File Report 82-11, 1981.
Soil-Slip Susceptibility Map for the South Half of the San Bernardino 30' x 60' Quadrangle. Morton, D.M,
Alvarez, R.M & Campbell, R.H. Southern California. Preliminary Soil-Slip Susceptibility Maps,
Southwestern California. 2003.
Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin, Bunker Hill Subbasin. Department of Water Resources.
California Groundwater Bulletin 118. Updated February 7, 2004.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Active Landfills Profile for San Timoteo Sanitary Landfill (36-AA-0087). California Integrated Waste
Management Board Capacity Information. 2000.
California Regional Water Quality Control Board. Amendment to Order No. 99-21, NPDES No.
CA8000394. Obtained April 2005 from http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/pdf/01-14.pdf.
~
DTSC's Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List (Cortese List), San Bernardino County. Department of
Toxic Substances Control. Obtained March 2005 from http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/Calsites/
Cortese _ List.cfm?county = 36.
Inland Feeder Project at a Glance. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. Obtained April 2005
from http://www.mwdh2o.com/mwdh2o/pages/yourwater/supply/inlandfdr01.html.
Inland Feeder Project. Polar Inertia, Water Infrastructure. 2005, March/April. Obtained from
http://www.polarinertia.com/mar05/water01.htm.
Managing Hazardous Waste. CRT Materials Recyclers in San Bernardino County. Department of Toxic
Substances Control. Obtained March 2005 from http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/
CRT_Recyclers/county _Iist.cfm.
Newmark Groundwater Contamination Site. Environmental Protection Agency, California EPA ID#
CAD981434517. Obtained from http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/overview.nsf/0/
5a50a68ada6060e58825660b007 ee691 ?OpenDocument #descr.
Norton Air Force Base. Environmental Protection Agency, California EPA 10# CA4570024345. Obtained
from http://yosemite .epa. gov/r9/sfund/overview. nsf/O/
671 c34603a1 b50098825660b007ee697?OpenDocument.
Registered Hazardous Waste Transporter Database. Department of Toxic Substances Control. Obtained
March 2005 from http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/TRANSRCH02.CFM.
General Plan Update and Associated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino . Page 13-3
..
13. Bibliography
...
Riverside Badlands Tunnel, Inland Feeder Project: The Challenges Between Concept and Completion.
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. Obtained April 2005 from
http://www.hatch.ca/I nfrastructure/Riverside _ Badlands Tu nnels Jeeder. pdf.
....
..,
SLICK List. Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. July 2004. Obtained from
http:j /www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb8/html/slic_dod_section.html.
Superfund (CERCLlS) Database. Environmental Protection Agency. Obtained March 2005 from
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/cerclis/cerclis_query.html
..
Underground Storage Tank Program. California State Water Quality Control Board. Geotracker. March
29, 2005. Obtained from http://www.geotracker.swrcb.ca.gov/data/.
Hydrology and Water Quality
""""
1I!l''"
American Development Group. Domestic Water, Irrigation Water, Wastewater and Recycled Water Facility
Plan for Arrowhead Springs Property. August 2004.
...
City of San Bernardino Municipal Water District. Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report. 2002.
County of San Bernardino Flood Control District. Seven Oaks Dam Project. Obtained from
http://www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us/flood/dampage.htm. 2005.
-
Department of Water Resources. Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin, Bunker Hill Subbasin.
California Groundwater Bulletin 118. Updated February 7, 2004.
Del Rosa Mutual Water Company and West Twin Creek Water Company. Water Supply Assessment.
February 2005.
-
oI111llP
Ground-Water Feasibility Investigation of the Campus Crusade for Christ Facility, Gary S. Rasmussen &
Associates, August 1991.
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. Water Quality Control Plan. 1995.
.'
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. Watershed Management Initiative. November 2004.
Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board. http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/santaana/. 2005.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Seven Oaks Dam Info Page. Obtained from
http://www.spl.usace.army.mil!resreg/htdocs/70aks.html. 2005.
-
..
Transtech Engineers, Preliminary Drainage Study, Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan, March, 2005.
Land Use and Planning
2000 U.S. Census, County of San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino adopted combined General Plan and Zoning Map as of January 2004.
jI!Iffi.
..
County of San Bernardino General Plan.
-,
County of San Bernardino Zoning Code.
Southern California Association of Governments. Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide.
.....
Page 13-4 . The Planning Center
July 2005
...'
13. Bibliography
Southern California Association of Governments. 2004 Regional Transportation Plan. Population,
Household, and Employment Forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SAN BAG subregion.
Mineral Resources
City of San Bernardino General Plan, prepared by Envicom Corporation, Adopted June 2, 1989.
Division of Mines and Geology, Open-File Report 94-08, California Department of Conservation, 1995.
Noise
Bies and Hansen, Engineering Noise Control, 1998.
City of San Bernardino Municipal Code, Noise Regulation, Chapter 8.
City of Temecula, General Plan Noise Element, February 3, 1999.
Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108).
United States Department of Transportation, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, April 1995.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations,
Building Equipment and Home Appliances," NTID300.1, December 31, 1971.
Population and Housing
2000 US Census, County of San Bernardino.
~
California Department of Finance. Reports E-4 and E-5 and City/County Population and Housing
Estimates. January /2004.
City of San Bernardino. Housing Element. July 2003.
City of San Bernardino adopted combined General Plan and Zoning Map as of January 2004.
Southern California Association of Governments. 2004 Regional Transportation Plan. Population,
Household, and Employment Forecasts for the City of San Bernardino and SAN BAG subregion.
Southern California Association of Governments. Regional Comprehensive Plan and Guide.
Public Services
Census 2000. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000.
San Bernardino Population. California Department of Finance Demographic Research Unit. 2004.
School Accountability Report Card. San Bernardino Unified School District. 2003-2004.
School Facilities Needs Analysis. San Bernardino City Unified School District. March 1, 2005.
Recreation
No references.
General Plan Update and AJSociated SPecific Plans EIR
City of San Bernardino · Page 13-5
-
13. Bibliography
Ifill"
MIlA
Transportation and Traffic
City of San Bernardino, Arrowhead Parkway, Alternative Alignment Fatal Flaw Analysis, prepared by The
Planning Center, Transtech Engineering, Inc., SWCA Environmental Consultants, Environmental
Resources Assessment, Inc., July 25, 2003.
.~
Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation, 7th Edition, 2003
Utilities
California's Groundwater Bulletin 118, Hydrological Region South Coast Upper Santa Ana Valley
Groundwater Basin, Bunker Hill Subbasin.
...,
California Integrated Waste Management Board, http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/lgtools/mars/
drmcmain.asp?ju = 426& VW = In.
-"
Del Rosa Mutual Water Company and West Twin Creek Water Company. Water Supply Assessment.
February 2005.
"'"
Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report, City of San Bernardino Municipal Water District,
http://www.ci.san-bernardino.ca.us/pdf/Water /.
-
General Plan, City of San Bernardino.
General Plan, County of San Bernardino.
"'"
Ground-Water Feasibility Investigation of the Campus Crusade for Christ Facility, Gary S. Rasmussen &
Associates, August 1991.
.."'"
Municipal Code, City of San Bernardino.
Regional Water Facilities Master Plan, San Bernardino Municipal Water District, 1995.
-
Resource Investigation of Low-and Moderate-Temperature Geothermal Areas in San Bernardino,
California, California Department f Mines and Geology Open File Report 82-11, 1981.
Urban Water Management Plan Update for the Planning Period 2000-2020. San Bernardino Municipal
Water Department, January 2002.
Waste Reduction Policies and Procedures for State Agencies, California Integrated Waste Management
Board, August 1999. Obtained from http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/
LocaIAsst/StateAgency/44199017.doc
_.
_.
Wastewater Collection System Master Plan Report-Final, San Bernardino Public Works Department,
prepared by PSOMAS, 2002.
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Page 13-6 . The Planning Center
July 2005
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