HomeMy WebLinkAbout22-Development Services
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Development Services Department - Planning Division
Interoffice Memorandum
ORIGINAL
TO:
Mayor and Common Council and Planning Commission
Valerie C. Ro~eputy Director/City Planner
FROM:
SUBJECT:
General Plan Update
DATE:
January 5,2005
COPIES:
James Penman, City Attorney; Rachel Clark, City Clerk, Fred Wilson,
City Administrator; James Funk, Director, Development Services; Henry
Empefio, Senior Deputy City Attorney
Staff would like to provide some background information related to state law provisions
for General Plans, a summary of the City's 2005 Draft General Plan, a summary of the
environmental review process, scheduling for adoption of the 2005 General Plan Update,
and next steps.
BACKGROUND
Every city and county in California is required to prepare and adopt a general plan that
addresses the physical development of that jurisdiction. The specific requirements are
outlined in the California Government Code (965300). The General Plan is a policy
document that serves as a long-range blueprint that sets the foundation for decision-
making concerning land uses, transportation, public services, the physical character of
our neighborhoods, and other important aspects of community life. It is a detailed
document that represents the community's view of its future. The General Plan provides
direction for the Mayor and Common Council and Planning Commission in making land
use determinations.
State law requires the General Plan to include the seven mandatory elements - land use,
circulation, housing, conservation, open space, noise, and safety. The General Plan may
also include other elements that the jurisdiction finds desirable.
2005 GENERAL PLAN UPDATE SUMMARY
Staff and the City's consultant started the update program with the following objectives:
· To ensure that the General Plan addresses contemporary topics so that it represents an
appropriate guide for decision-making.
· To ensure that the elements of the General Plan are integrated and coordinated to
provide a unified and consistent direction.
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GP Update
January 6, 2005
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. To ensure that the General Plan provides clear direction for future development and
growth.
. To ensure that the General Plan is supported by comprehensive background studies
that provide an underpinning for contemporary policy direction and ensure the
defensibility of the General Plan.
. To ensure consistency, comprehensiveness, and conformance with state laws and
guidelines.
Concurrently, staffs approach included refining the existing General Plan to preserve and
build upon what works, minimizing changes to the land use plan, eliminating
redundancy, and making the General Plan more "user friendly."
The 2005 Draft General Plan has a similar format to the existing General Plan. The goals
and policies within each element have been updated/revised as necessary. The key
changes or additions include:
. The City's Vision Statement.
. Graphics throughout the document to help explain the City's intent.
. Definitions to help the reader understand how the General Plan is used.
. Identification of Strategic Policy Areas throughout the City, accompanied by
appropriate land use policies.
. The University District Specific Plan. This document was distributed under separate
cover with the 2005 Draft General Plan.
. The Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan. This document will be distributed under
separate cover when review is completed. .
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS
The Planning Center prepared an Initial Study, which identified the need for an
Environmental Impact Report. At their meeting of November 4,2004, the
Development/Environmental Review Committee concurred with that determination. The
Notice of Preparation was provided to numerous state, regional, and local agencies and
posted on the City's web page. The 30-day NOP comment period was from November 29
through December 28,2004. A public agency scoping meeting was held on December 14,
2004.
GP Update
January 6, 2005
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The Draft EIR is scheduled to be completed and released for public review in mid-March.
Following closure of the public review period, the consultant will prepare responses to
comments received. Concurrently, the consultant will prepare Findings and Statements of
Overriding Consideration, if needed. The D/ERC will review the responses to comments
and Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for adequacy and recommend
certification of the EIR.
SCHEDULING
After the D/ERC completes its review and recommends certification, the Draft General
Plan can be scheduled for public hearings before the Planning Commission and Mayor
and Common Council.
The following is the scheduled timeframe for adoption:
Mid-March - Draft EIR released for 45-day public review.
Early May - Close of public review period.
Mid-May - Preparation of responses to comments.
Late May - D/ERC review of responses to comments.
June - Planning Commission public hearing.
July - Mayor and Council public hearing and General Plan adoption.
If the Mayor and Common Council wish to hold additional workshops with the Planning
Commission, and/or community meetings, they can be scheduled at any time up to the
formal public hearings. It should be noted that additional changes to the land use plan or
major shifts in policy could affect the environmental analysis, causing further delay.
The Draft General Plan and Draft Specific Plans constitute the project description for the
environmental analysis. While the EIR will be a Program EIR as it relates t6 the General
Plan itself, it will be a Project EIR as it relates to the specific plans. What that means is
that development under either specific plan should be able to proceed with no additional
environmental review. While the Program EIR will not negate the requirement for
additional environmental review for other areas, it should simplify that process.
NEXT STEPS
The General Plan policies were written to provide flexibility in land use determinations,
to the extent possible. Hoy.rever, any General Plan update inevitably leads to related
amendments to the Development Code. Staff will need concurrence on the policy issues
in the General Plan and specific plans before proceeding with any implementation
amendments.
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Development Services Department - Planning Division
Interoffice Memorandum
TO:
Mayor and Common Council and Planning Commission
Valerie C. Ros~puty Director/City Planner
JAN 6 2005
FROM:
SUBJECT: General Plan Update
DATE: January 5, 2005
COPIES: James Penman, City Attorney; Rachel Clark, City Clerk, Fred Wilson,
City Administrator; James Funk, Director, Development Services; Henry
Empefio, Senior Deputy City Attorney
In October 2004, staff met with the Mayor, Councilmembers, and their respective
Planning Commissioners to provide a summary of the proposed changes to the General
Plan. Since those meetings, staff has been working with The Planning Center, our
General Plan consultant to ensure that the draft General Plan reflected the comments
received.
The attached Draft General Plan, January 2005, will be the topic of discussion at the
January 10,2005 General Plan Workshop. Additional materials will be distributed at that
meeting.
The draft General Plan will be posted on the City's webpage for access by members of
the public and a copy will be placed at the Feldheym Library.
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Screencheck Draft
University District
SPecific Plan
January 2005
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Prepared for:
City of San Bernardino
300 North D Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
Prepared by:
The Planning Center
C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Table of Contents
SECTION I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................1
1.1 Background .....................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Guiding Vision ................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Plan Overview .................................................................................................................................................3
SECTION II: INTRODUCTION ............ ................... ................... ....... ............. ................ 5
2.1 What is a Specific PIau ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Format of the Document ................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Relationships to Other Plans..........................................................................................................................6
Consistency with the General Plan and Development Code.............................................................................6
2.4 Location and Description ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Summary of Opportunities and Constraints ..............................................................................................13
SECTION III: DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT .............. ................... ............. ............ .......25
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................25
Plan Features....................................................................................................................... ............................ 25
3.2 Land Use Concept .........................................................................................................................................31
Land Use Concept.. .... ...... ..... ........ ................ ............. ... ....... ... ....... ......... ..... ... .............. ..................................31
Land Use Designations .... ..... ........ .... ........ ..... ... .... .... .... ...... .... ....... ... ............. ...... .... .......................... ... .... ......32
Development Standards..................................................................................................................... ............. 32
3.3 Circulation Plan ............................................................................................................................................39
Vehicular Circulation................................................................................................................... ................... 39
3.4 Open Space Plan ........................................................................................................................................... 49
Parks and Open Spaces........................................................................................................................ ...........49
SECTION IV: DESIGN GUIDE UN ES.................. ........................... ..................... ........ 53
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 53
Corridor Enhancement Plan.......................................................................................................................... .. 53
Gateways................. .............................................................................................................................. .......... 60
SECTION V: IMPLEMENTATION.............. .......... ............................................... ........ 63
5.1 Implementation Program ............................................................................................................................. 63
Organization and Administration.................................................................................................................. .. 63
Responsibility................................................................................................................. ................................ 63
Interpretations................................................................................................................ ................................. 63
Specific Plan Amendment....................................................................................................................... ........ 64
Table of Contents
University District SPecific Plan
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Severability................................................................................................................... .................................. 64
Capital Projects and Implementation Programs .............................. .............. .................................. ......... ... ....64
Financing Strategies........................................................... ............................................................................. 65
Implementation of the Specific Plan ..................... .................... ......... .......... ........................ .... ..... ........... .......68
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APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................69
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Appendix A - General Plan Consistency Analysis
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List of Figures
C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
University District Specific Plan Boundaries .............................................................................. 9
Aerial Photograph of University District ...................................................................................11
Existing Circulation System..................................................................................................... 17
Flood Hazards............................................. ............................................................................ 19
Earthquake Faults.................................................................................................................... 21
Fire Hazard Areas.................................................................................................................... 23
Land Use Plan.......................................................................................................................... 29
Vehicular Circulation Plan........................................................................................................ 43
Trails Plan................................................................................................................................ 47
Open Space Plan..................................................................................................................... 51
Corridor Enhancement Plan.................................................................................................... 55
Gateway Plan........................................................................................................................... 61
List of Tables
Table 1 Land Use Categories and Unique Development Standards..........................................................35
Table of Contents
University District SPecific Plan
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University District
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SECTION I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 BACKGROUND
Founded in 1965, California State University, San Bernardino
(CSUSB) is located in the northwestern portion of the City of
San Bernardino. Since that time, the growth and development
of the University and City have occurred independently. This
independent growth has resulted in a University and City that
are not physically integrated.
The University represents a major opportunity to help improve
the City's image. The City can capitalize upon the presence of
the University and use it as a catalyst to improve the
surrounding community, which in turn can help improve the
image of the University. The intent of this Specific Plan is to
lay a foundation for the integration of the University into the
surrounding community.
California State University, San Bernardino is the only state
university serving the Riverside-San Bernardino area. The
University's enrollment has been increasing 5% each year and,
as of 2004, it serves over 16,000 students. As of 2004, the
University offered 42 baccalaureate degree programs, 15
teaching credentials, and 21 master's degree programs
through five colleges: Arts and Letters, Business and Public
Administration, Education, Natural Sciences, and Social and
Behavioral Sciences. The University emphasizes the liberal
arts but offers a number of career-oriented programs, both at
the undergraduate and graduate levels.
The University currently anticipates serving between 20,000
and 25,000 students and is actively planning to accommodate
this increasing enrollment. The University has added 10 new
buildings in the last 10 years and is currently constructing
additional student housing. The University is projected to
provide a total of 2,800 on-campus student-housing units.
1.2 GUIDING VISION
The guiding vision of this Specific Plan is to collaborate with
the University to fully integrate the campus with the
surrounding community. In this spirit, a design charette was
held with University and City Staff to develop project goals and
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SECTION I
Executive Summary
University District SPecific Plan
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concepts. The following were identified at the design charette
as overall project goals:
Pedestrian Focus: Focus on pedestrian-oriented
development, such as mixed uses and University related uses,
and less upon auto dependent uses. Develop a walkable
University village in the University District.
Physical Connectivity: Develop a seamless connection
between the community and University through access,
tailored street naming, and physical improvements such as
landscaping, streetscape, signage, and public art.
Integrated Curriculum: Integrate the curriculum of the
University to the needs of the community. For instance,
teaching classes can be linked with area schools or course
curriculum can incorporate community improvement projects.
. Economic Boost: Capitalize upon potential economic
I connections. For instance, an engineering program can be
I connected with the City's industrial/research uses.
I University Town: Market the University and surrounding
i comr'lunity with the intention of becoming recognized as a
,"university town."
I Positive Marketing: Market the art and cultural facilities that
i the University and surrounding community have to offer. Tie
i the curriculum of the University and the art and cultural
I programs of the community together.
! Trolley Connections: Encourage the development of trolley
f connections between the University and downtown and the
! MetroLink station at the San Bernardino Depot.
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Campus Feel: Maintain the spacious and park-like "campus
feel" of the University.
Open Communications: Maintain and improve open
communications between the University and community and
increase opportunities for the University to participate in City-
run programs.
Regional Recreation: Enhance the regional recreational link
with the University.
Efficient Access: Develop efficient vehicular and pedestrian
, access within the University village.
Housing Opportunities: Offer a range of housing types in the
University District to accommodate a wide range of population,
including University facility and staff.
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C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Quality Housing Opportunities: Ensure that quality housing
is developed in the surrounding community.
1.3 PLAN OVERVIEW
As the name implies, the University District Specific Plan
envisions an integrated "district" with a cohesive image,
distinctive entryways, and an integrated physical and social
fabric.
The Plan is focused on creating a Village at the main entrance
to the University, at the intersection of University Parkway and
Northpark Boulevard. A previously approved mixed-use
student housing and commercial project on the south and a
high tech/office and retail development with high-end
residential on the north will anchor the entrance to the
University.
A completed Loop Road, an extended Campus Parkway,
enhanced pedestrian connections, and a community shuttle
will create a comprehensive transportation system
interconnected the University District and the community.
A coordinated system of signage, landscape features,
entryways, and street furniture will provide a cohesive image to
tie the University District together.
The multiple use of the Devil's Canyon flood control channel to
the north of the University will add value and recreational
opportunities to the District as well as provide for much
needed parkland in the City.
Finally, a coordinated approach to future planning efforts both
on and off campus, an integrated educational curriculum, a
rich cultural exchange, and an open dialog will help ensure a
true integration of the University and City.
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Section I
Executive Summary
University District SPecific Plan
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University District Specific Plan
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University District Specific Plan
2.1 WHAT IS A SPECIFIC PLAN
As provided in California Government Code Section 65450, a
specific plan has been prepared for the implementation of the
General Plan. A specific plan is a regulatory document that
provides standards and criteria for the development of a
particular area. The University District Specific Plan
establishes the planning concept, design and development
guidelines, administrative procedures, and implementation
measures necessary to integrate the University and City. It is
also intended to maintain consistency with and carry out the
goals, objectives, and policies of the City of San Bernardino
General Plan.
2.2 FORMAT OF THE DOCUMENT
The University District Specific Plan is divided into the
following main sections:
Executive Summary: This section provides a brief summary of
the University District Specific Plan.
Introduction: This section provides the definition of and
authority to prepare a specific plan, the format of the
document, and a description of the location, opportunities,
and constraints of the University District.
Development Concept: This section provides the detailed
descriptions of the land use plan, land use designations,
development standards, statistical data, circulation plan, and
open space plan.
Design Guidelines: This section provides the guidelines
directing the type, style, and design of right-of-way
improvements within the University District.
Implementation: This section contains the provisions for
development processing, the development administration
system, and the implementation goals and policies for the
University District Specific Plan.
Appendices: The Appendices contain the General Plan
Consistency Analysis.
SECTION 11
Introduction
University District SPecific Plan
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2.3 RELATIONSHIPS TO OTHER PLANS
Consistency with the General Plan and Development Code
The emphasis of this Specific Plan is on the aesthetic
improvements and development criteria that implement the
broad goals of the General Plan. Its text and diagrams
address the planning of necessary right-of-way improvements
and programs that can help connect the University and
community. In addition, it provides a menu of the programs
that can be used to finance/create the desired improvements.
This Specific Plan is adopted by Common Council resolution
and must be consistent with the General Plan. In turn, future
subdivisions and public works projects in the Plan area must
be consistent with the Specific Plan. (Government Code
Sections 65455, 66473.5, 65860, and 65401.) To facilitate
such consistency, General Plan policies should support the
standards and development criteria of the specific plan
(Appendix A, General Plan Consistency Analysis).
All projects that are found to be consistent with this Specific
Plan will likewise be deemed consistent with the General Plan.
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University District Specific Plan
2.4 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The University District is located in the northwestern portion of
the City in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains
overlooking the Cajon Creek Wash and the Glen Helen
Regional Park. As shown on Figure 1 , the boundaries of the
University District encompass the University itself and the
surrounding community. In all, the University District Specific
Plan encompasses 6,375 acres.
The University District is generally bounded by the City limits
and the San Bernardino National Forest on the north; the
Devils Canyon flood basins, the East Branch of the California
Aqueduct, and Kendall Drive to the west and south; and Little
Mountain Drive to the east. Fingers of the University District
follow Campus Parkway to Cajon Boulevard, University Drive
to the Industrial Hallmark Parkway (immediately west of
Interstate 215), Little Mountain Drive to Blair Park, and
Northpark Boulevard to Electric Avenue.
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As shown in Figure 2, the University District encompasses a
gently north.south sloping hill at the base of the San
Bernardino Mountains. Devils Canyon and Badger Canyon
contain seasonal creeks that flow out of the mountains and
can carry significant volumes of water during the rainy times
and during the spring snow melt. In fact, the northern and
western sides of the Campus are lined by significant levees
and flood control channels to protect against the threat of
flooding.
SECTION II
Introduction
University District SPecific Plan
7
Cit of San Bernardino
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University District Specific Plan
California State University, San Bernardino is located on 430
acres in the middle of the University District. The University is
directly connected to Interstate 215, which is located a short
distance to the southwest, by University Parkway.
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Figure 1
University District Specific Plan Boundaries
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University District Specific Plan
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Figure 2
Aerial Photograph of University District
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University District Specific Plan
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University District Specific Plan
2.5 SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONSTRAINTS
The following description identifies the issues that influence
the direction of the Specific Plan. These issues are mapped
on Figures 3 through 6.
Land Uses: As of 2004, the University and the surrounding
community are not integrated. The surrounding land uses are
not oriented toward the University and the University is
separated from the surrounding neighborhoods by parking
lots and athletic fields. The surface parking areas that
surround the campus create a physical separation between
the campus and the community.
Single-family residential housing is located to the west and
south of the campus and is interspersed with more dense
urban residential developments that generally service the
campus population. A large, currently undeveloped area north
of campus, named the Paradise Hills Specific Plan, is
designated for residential development of approximately 500
units with densities ranging from 1.03 to 3.46 dwelling units
per acre. The remaining area on the north side of campus and
east of the Specific Plan Area is designated for flood control.
Uses permitted in this area are limited to those that can be
periodically flooded.
Circulation: As shown on Figure 3, the University District is
currently accessed mainly by Interstate 215, University
Parkway, Kendall Drive, Northpark Boulevard, Palm Avenue,
and Little Mountain Drive. A new roadway, called Campus
Parkway, connecting the Devils Canyon Levee Road, also
known as Loop Road, and the 1-215 has been approved by the
City and is scheduled for construction in the spring of 2004.
Vehicular access to the University District is limited and at
peak periods there is congestion at the major roadways listed
above. Vehicular access is not clearly delineated and there is
a lack of entry/directional and signage. The new Campus
Parkway, when constructed, should help relieve congestion
and provide direct access to the campus.
Recreational Trails: Several proposed equestrian and bicycle
trails traverse the University District Specific Plan Area (Figure
3). The development of safe bicycle and pedestrian routes to
the University further promotes the accessibility and
connectivity between the campus and the surrounding
community. Much like the automobile, bicycle and pedestrian
access is limited to the major roadways and is frustrated by
the physical separation of the University and the surrounding
Little Mountain Drive looking east to the San
Bernardino Mountains.
SECTION II
Introduction
University District SPecific Plan
13
C;ity of San Berl!"~!!!!no
University District Specific Plan
Looking southeast toward the future site of
Loop Road and the existing Devils Canyon
Flood Control Basin at the base of the San
Bernardino Mountains.
Flood Zones: The central area of the University District
Specific Plan is located within a 1 OO-year flood zone (Figure 4).
The General Plan prohibits land use development within a 100-
year flood zone unless adequate mitigation against flood
hazards is provided. The General Plan also states that natural
drainage courses need to be kept free of obstructions. The
development of new projects inside and adjacent to the
University may require the construction of new flood control
facilities to ensure that the hydrology within the University
District Specific Plan is not significantly impacted and to
mitigate flooding hazards.
Alquist-Priolo Study Area: The California Division of Mines
and Geology has designated certain faults within the San
Bernardino planning area as part of the State of California
Alquist-Priolo Special Study zones (Figure 5). The San
Andreas Fault System extends through a significant portion of
the University District Specific Plan and is located slightly north
of several existing structures within the University. The San
Andreas Fault extends the length of the University on the
northern border, in the approxirnate location of the proposed
Loop Road. Any new structures proposed within the Alquist-
Priolo Study Areas need to be designed with sensitivity to their
proximity to these active faults. This is especially important for
the University since its structures typically have a large number
of occupants and could suffer significant impacts as a result of
an earthquake in this area.
In addition, high-occupancy or sensitive facilities proposed on
the University campus need to be incorporated into the City's
contingency plans for disaster response and recovery. As
identified in the General Plan, critical, sensitive and high-
occupancy facilities should be located in areas with
continuous road access and in a place where utility services
can be maintained in the event of an emergency. In order to
maintain appropriate access to the University, it will be critical
to complete the Loop Road on the northern edge of the
campus to ensure the most efficient access into and out of the
campus during emergencies.
Slope Stability: The land in the northernmost section of the
University District Specific Plan and within the Paradise Hills
Specific Plan are categorized as areas of moderate and high
relief and could be susceptible to slope failure and landslides.
Slope failures can be hazardous to buildings, reservoirs,
roads, and utilities. Therefore, any new structures proposed
within the University District Specific Plan need to be located in
areas that will have the least potential to be impacted by this
hazard or to mitigate potential hazard.
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University District Specific Plan
Fire Hazards: As recent events have shown, the San
Bernardino Mountains north of the University are subject to
wildland fires due to the highly flammable chaparral
vegetation. The high winds that correspond with seasonal dry
periods also contribute to the potential for significant wildland
fires. As shown on Figure 6, the University District Specific
Plan contains areas that are designated as fire hazard areas.
The northern portion of the Plan area is designated as
"extreme fire hazard" and the southern portions are
designated as "high fire hazard." To minimize the damage
caused by wildfires, any new development in this area should
be designed in a manner that utilizes proper building
separation, landscaping, and building materials, provides
adequate emergency access, maintains adequate evacuation
routes, and ensures the availability of water resources in the
event of a fire.
City Designated High Wind Areas: The City of San
Bernardino experiences periods of high velocity winds,
especially in the Cajon Pass and at the bases of canyons.
These winds have been known to cause severe damage to the
roofs of buildings, utility poles, and traffic signals. The
University is included in the City's designated High Wind Area,
which identifies areas of severe winds as well as appropriate
building standards. Future buildings will be required to
comply with the requirements for this area and should be
designed and oriented to avoid the creation of "wind tunnels"
that concentrate gusts in corridors. Wind "breaks" in the form
of walls or other architectural features can be used to give
students protection from these strong winds.
83 SECTION II
Introduction
University District SPecific Plan
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University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
2/2/04 ~Of'\THE
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PSOMAS
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Figure 4
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University District Specific Plan
.. City of San Bernardino
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PSOMAS
~---~---------~----
Figure 5
Earthquake Faults
D Alquist Priolo Zones
(Approximate location of Alquist Priolo Special Study Zones - 1974)
University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
m Q<~~NING
U ~CENTER
PSOMAS
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Figure 6
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D Moderate Fire Hazard
University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
m Q-~fl1L1NNING
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PSOMAS
_City <<?f San Berna rdino
University District Specific Plan
SECTION III: DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This section describes the development concept for the
University District. The land use plan is shown on Figure 7,
Land Use Plan. A description of the corresponding land use
categories and development standards is provided on Table 1,
Land Use Categories and Unique Development Standards.
The heart of the District is the University itself and the
connections to it. The focus of the development concept is to
create new and enhance existing physical connections that will
tie the University and surrounding community into a unified
village. The development concept incorporates the existing
land use plans and commitments for both the City and
University and proposes enhancements and programs that will
help unify this community.
The following describes the major features of the University
District Specific Plan.
Plan Features
High-Tech Office, Retail. and Residential Development
The Plan accommodates a previously approved office, retail,
and residential development project. This project is a 133-acre
upscale office, commercial, and residential development on
the northwest corner of University Parkway and Northpark
Boulevard. 22 acres of this planned development
accommodate 250,000 square foot high-tech/office park and
25,000 square feet of commercial retail. Another 54 acres of
the Plan accommodate161 upscale single-family detached
homes set amongst an additional 26 acres of open space, 2.4
acres of park, and an interconnected trail system.
Multi-Purpose Open Space
The Devil's Canyon flood control channels that surround the
University to the north and east playa dynamic role in the
development concept for the University District. Not only do
the Devil's Canyon flood control channels provide a necessary
safety function, but they are designated as multi-purpose open
space to accommodate uses that can occasionally be
inundated such as a golf courses, nature parks, nurseries,
botanical gardens, and recreational trails.
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SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
25
Conceptual illustration of the Coyote Village
Center.
An example of the festive atmosphere
themed banners could help create in the
University District.
FB The Planning Center
26
City of San Bernardino
-""~~""'*-_._- '~ <<.-
University District Specific Plan
Covote Center/Villaae at NorthDark
The Plan accommodates the previously approved mixed-use
commercial center and student housing project on the
southwest corner of University Parkway and Northpark
Boulevard. This project includes 120 residential units with a
common recreational area and approximately 16,000 square
feet of commercial space.
LOOD Road
The completion of Loop Road along the northern portion of the
University and connecting to Northpark Boulevard near Devil's
Canyon Levee Road on the east and Little Mountain Drive on
the west, increases the accessibility to the University for
students and residents. The Loop Road also helps decrease
traffic along the main entrance into the University, allowing for
traffic calming to take place along Northpark Boulevard near
University Parkway, which then promotes pedestrian oriented
development with surrounding uses.
Extension of CamDus Parkwav
Currently, University Parkway is the primary arterial used by
the faculty, staff, and students of the University. This has
created tremendous traffic congestion not only on University
Parkway, but also on Interstate 215. With further development
likely to occur in Verdemont and increased enrollment in the
University, traffic congestion can only get worse.
The development concept includes the previously approved
extension of Campus Parkway to the University. This
extension will ultimately be used to help evenly distribute traffic
volumes between University Parkway and Little Mountain Drive
and minimize traffic congestion around the main entrance to
the University.
Entrywav Features
Unique entry features help identify the University District and
create a common identify for the University and the
surrounding community. Unique entry features provide a
reminder to residents, businesses, and visitors of the important
role the University plays in the broader community.
As shown on Figure 11, Corridor Enhancement Plan, several
entry features are proposed at strategic points around the
University District. These entries, or gateways, accommodate
significant features, such as public art, signage, landscaping,
or spanning arches.
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_~~ity of San I!ernardino
University District Specific Plan
Sianage
Efforts to increase the University's visibility and integration into
the community include additional identification and directional
signage. Directional signage includes signs possibly with the
University logo on Interstate 215, other surrounding freeways,
and local streets such as Campus Parkway and Little Mountain
Drive. Freeway signs indicate the exits to take to access the
University. Once off the freeway, additional directional signs
on the surface roads are provided in the gateways shown on
Figure 11, Corridor Enhancement Plan.
The University District is the ideal place to create a celebratory
and exciting environment with the use of themed banners and
signage in the rights-of-way that advertise special events,
sporting events, educational and cultural programs, and
simply to maintain the University's visibility in the community.
Informational kiosks can also help strengthen the connection
between the University and the surrounding community.
Enhanced Landscaoina
A unified and rich landscaping treatment along major arterials
such as University Parkway, Campus Parkway, and Little
Mountain Drive will create a strong visual link between the
community and University.
Transit stoos/Communitv Shuttle
Convenient access to and from the University from
surrounding communities and retail centers can playa vital
role in physically and socially linking the University to its
surroundings while reducing traffic congestion.
Accordingly, transit stops are provided at key locations on the
University campus, nearby residential communities, and retail
centers. Transit routes connecting Metro-Link at the San
Bernardino Depot help facilitate accessibility to the University
and nearby employment centers.
Enhanced Pedestrian and Bicvcle Linkaaes
Pedestrian crossings between the University and adjacent
developments are a simple yet effective method of
encouraging interaction between the community and the
University. As detailed in Section 3.3, Circulation Plan,
enhanced pedestrian linkages in the form of signaled
crosswalks, curb bulb-outs, clearly delineated and signed
paths, and patterned or colored pavement treatments increase
visibility and help to unify the University District. By physically
promoting bicycle and pedestrian connections, vehicular
congestion may also be reduced.
The distinctive landscaping on Northpark
Boulevard could be used to help identify
the University District.
Examples of the types of urban and rural
pedestrian connections that would help
unify the University District.
SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
27
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The master plan for California State
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C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
The crossings are ideal locations in which to place lush
landscaping, information kiosks, and directional signage.
A multi-purpose linkage between Verdemont and the
University is also envisioned to physically connect these areas.
As envisioned, this linkage would follow the flood control
levees and join Northpark Boulevard with Belmont Avenue in
Verdemont. This linkage could either be a pedestrian/bicycle
connection only or could be a vehicular linkage as well. An
important component of this Plan is to initiate a process that
will define and, if appropriate, ultimately adopt such a
connection.
Renamina of Streets and Public Facilities
To reinforce the presence of the University within this area, the
Plan encourages a process to rename nearby public facilities
and local streets with a university related theme. University
High, Campus Lane, Research Drive, and Coyote Court are all
examples of names that could be used to distinguish this area
as a unique and unified community within the City of San
Bernardino.
I Coordination with University Master-Plannina Efforts
Since the focus of this Specific Plan is the University itself, the
design and growth of the campus plays a major role the future
II success of the University District. In particular, the uses and
buildings located on the edges of the University Campus play
" a large role in the streetscape and pedestrian experience. It is
I important to ensure that future campus planning efforts take
this into consideration.
In particular, new University structures should be oriented and
. related to Northpark Boulevard and should be constructed at a
scale that is not intimidating to the pedestrian. Quality
architecture and carefully placed pathways between the
buildings to the street can contribute significantly to the active
environment that the University and the City desire to create.
While the City does not have authority to dictate campus
design, the spirit of cooperation forged during the process of
developing this Specific Plan provides a basis for continuing
mutual review of projects with a goal of integrating the campus
and the surrounding community.
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UNIVERSITY LINKAGES
-Linkage may be a pedestrianfbicycle connection only
or a vehicular and pedestrianfbicycle connection. A vehicular
roadway would be 2-lane, rural roadway (no curbs or gutter).
-Convenient connection to university
-Protect neighborhood and high end housing
-Utilize traffic calming measures to route traffic to Kendall Ave.
UNIVERSITY PARK
-Offices/Tech Park
-Retial
- Residential
MULTI-PURPOSE OPEN SPACE (DEVIL'S CANYON)
Accommodates the existing open space area and allows floodable
uses such as a golf course, botanic gardens, park and the
planting of mature trees such as Oaks and Sycamores.
CREATE CEREMONIAL ENTRANCE
AT UNIVERSITY PARKWAY
Incorporate enhancements such as public art,
banners, enhanced landscaping and signage.
Verdemont
Heights
MIXED USE
Commercial and Student Housing
PEDESTRIAN LINKAGES
Create connectivity between University and
adjacent neighborhoods
ENHANCED CORRIDOR TREATMENTS
Pedestrian walkways, public art,
customized signage along landscaped areas
~ Landscape/Streetscape Improvements
~ Major Roadways
E:I Proposed Roadways
I~ _ ~I Pedestrian Linkages
[OJ Gateways/Directional Signage
D University District
University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
12/21/04
m go~~NNING
u \.DCENTER
PSOMAS
City, o!,~San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
3.2 LAND USE CONCEPT
Land Use Concept
As is evident in the preceding description of the Plan's
features, there are relatively few changes to the existing land
use pattern proposed in this Plan. Those few land use
changes that do occur are included in the General Plan and
addressed in its accompanying Environmental Impact Report.
The University is surrounded by open spaces (flood control
channels and recreation) to the north and east and residential
uses to the west and south. The major corridors contain the
higher residential densities and the commercial uses.
Due to the existing commitments and existing developments,
there is little ability to make significant land use changes.
Instead, the focus of this Plan is upon the aesthetic treatment
of the public rights-of-way within the University District. The
changes in land use that are proposed are within the Devil's
Canyon flood control basins. Otherwise, the Plan reflects
previously approved projects on the north corner of University
Parkway and Northpark Boulevard.
Devi/'s Canvon Flood Control Basin
While there is no change proposed in the actual land use
designation of Publicly Owned Flood Control (PFC) within the
flood control channels located to the north and east of the
campus, there is an expansion in the list of allowable uses
within this Plan area. The intent is to create a multi-purpose
open space resource for the University District and a valuable
recreational asset for the City.
In order to allow the possibility for a more dynamic use of the
flood control properties during dry periods, the list of allowable
uses has been expanded to include uses that can be
periodically inundated. These uses include nature parks,
nurseries, botanical gardens, and recreational trails.
Before any use can be developed within the flood control
channels; however, a suitable arrangement must be made with
the Flood Control District. The following policies shall guide
the development of the multi-purpose open space area in the
Devil's Canyon flood control basin:
. The City shall work with the Flood Control District and the
University to coordinate any development within the flood
control basin. Issues to clarify are:
. Appropriate uses,
. Current ownership and easement status of the flood
control channels,
SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
31
City of ~an,~!.rna~~in.o_
University District Specific Plan
. Risk management and assignment of liability for future
use,
. Schedule of maintenance or improvements,
. Timing of acquisition, and
. Funding mechanisms.
Intersection of Northoark Boulevard and University Parkwav
This Plan reflects previously approved projects on the
northwest corner of the intersection of Northpark Boulevard
and University Parkway. In this location, the City has approved
a 133-acre office, commercial, and residential development.
This includes a 250,000 square foot high-tech/office park,
25,000 square feet of commercial retail, and 161 upscale
single-family detached homes set amongst 26 acres of open
space and 2.4 acres of park. The entire development is
interconnected by system of trails.
On the southwest corner of University Parkway and Northpark
Boulevard, the City has approved a mixed-use, 16,000 square
foot commercial center and 120-unit student housing project is
accommodated in the CG-1/RSH designation (Commercial
General/Residential Student Housing Overlay). The RSH
housing overlay was added to the Development Code prior to
the adoption of this Specific Plan and is simply reflected in this
Plan.
The commercial space includes 10,000 square feet of retail
. space) and 6,000 square feet of restaurant/bar. A park would
be located on the southeast corner of University Parkway and
Northpark Boulevard to enhance the entrance to the
University.
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Land Use Designations
The University District Specific Plan describes the intended
use of the land as well as the standards for development. The
land use categories for the University District are shown on
Table 1, Land Use Categories and Unique Development
Standards.
Development Standards
The development standards for each land use category
coincide with the San Bernardino Development Code.
Development within the University District must comply with
the desired character described in the Design Guidelines for
each land use category as well as the particular development
standards in the Development Code.
Table 1, Land Use Categories and Unique Development
Standards, describes the intended character, allowable
densities/intensities, as well as the relevant development
standards for each land use category. In most cases, the
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C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
relevant section of the Development Code is identified. Any
deviations to the uses and standards identified in the
Development Code are identified in Table 1.
SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
33
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_"_,__.,,,_.__!=ity of San Ber~.!~"
University District Specific Plan
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C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Pian
3.3 CIRCULATION PLAN
Since the primary goal is to integrate the University into the
surrounding community, the ability to move freely within the
University District and surrounding area is a critical
consideration of the Plan. The University District
accommodates a wide range of mobility options, including
vehicles, mass-transit, bicycles, pedestrians, and equestrians.
The Plan reflects the approved circulation system from the
General Plan. A conceptual linkage to between the University
and Verdemont is suggested in this Plan. The focus of the
Plan is on the treatment of the road rights-of-way to create a
celebratory theme to unify the University District.
Vehicular Circulation
As shown on Figure 8, Vehicular Circulation Plan, the vehicular
circulation system for the University District includes both
regional and local roadways. This Plan reflects the General
Plan circulation system and no new roadways are proposed.
There is a described hierarchy of streets in the University
District, per the General Plan, to dictate the function and
character of each roadway. Roadways in the University District
are classified as freeways, arterials, collectors, local, and
private and are described below. Typical street sections for
these roadways are as depicted in the Circulation Element of
the General Plan and detailed in the City of San Bernardino
Design Standards NO.1 00.
Freewavs
Regional access is critical for the University itself and for the
future health of employment generating uses and new
developments. Convenient access from regional circulation
routes is critical for safety and to reduce vehicular congestion.
Interstates 215 and State Route 30 are included in the
University District Specific Plan and provide regional access to
the area. Direct access from these freeways is provided by
Kendal Drive, Palm Avenue, University Parkway, and the
previously approved but as yet constructed, Campus Parkway.
Arterials
Arterials are intended to accommodate a significant volume of
traffic and provide access from the freeways to collectors and
to major traffic generators such as commercial shopping
centers and the University.
There are two categories of arterials in the City: Major Arterial
and Secondary Arterials. The number and configuration of
lan~2,~!~!:1l~~~.~.!,~~se roadwaYs.:_~_~~l~~as.!?ur,_.._..
SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
39
Devit's Canyon Road, which can be used to
connect to Verdemont.
~ The Planning Center
40
City .of San B~!!!,!l_~~!,O"
University District Specific Plan
travel lanes and a Secondary Arterial has four travel lanes.
University Parkway, Campus Parkway, Palm Avenue, and Little
Mountain Drive are designated as arterials and provide the
primary access from 1-215 and State Route 30. Kendall Drive,
from SR-3D to Campus Parkway, and Northpark Boulevard
provide the major north-south connections between
Verdemont to the north and Downtown San Bernardino.
Collectors
Collectors are intended to accommodate local traffic and
provide connections between arterials and local streets. On-
street parking is permitted in certain locations and striped
(Class II) bicycle lanes are accommodated. Collectors are
typically two lane undivided roadways.
The following policies will govern the future planning and
development of collectors in the University District:
· Complete the Loop Road, which connects Campus
Parkway to Little Mountain Drive along the Devil's Canyon
flood control levee.
. The Loop Road, especially near the Campus, shall be
designed to allow safe crossing of pedestrian and
bicycles.
. Pedestrian safety shall take priority over vehicular speed
and movement adjacent to the University.
. The design and development of the Loop Road shall
involve the University, the Flood Control District, and
local residents.
Local Streets
Local streets provide vehicular access within neighborhoods
and are not intended for through-traffic. Local streets are the
roadways within each tract or development project and
provide direct access to individual parcels.
A linkage between the University District and Verdemont to the
north is suggested in this Plan. As conceived, the linkage
follows the levees and joins Northpark Boulevard with Belmont
Avenue in Verdemont. The following policies will govern the
future planning and development of this linkage:
· This linkage can either be a pedestrian/bicycle connection
only or could be a vehicular linkage as well. The actual
range of uses will be determined through a series of
community meetings involving the University, the Flood
Control District, and residents of Verdemont.
· Any vehicular linkage would only be a maximum of two
lanes and designed to rural road standards (no curbs and
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of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
gutters). The roadway should be designed so that it could
be periodically flooded and closed accordingly.
. Once in Verdemont, any vehicular linkage shall be
designed to minimize traffic passing through the residential
neighborhoods. Traffic shall be directed to Kendall Avenue
down Pine Avenue. Directional signage, traffic islands,
speed bumps, and street neck-downs are some devices
that can be employed to minimize the use of Pine Avenue.
General Circulation Policies
The following general policies govern the improvement and
development of roadways within the University District Specific
Plan:
. Roadways shall be planned and constructed to meet the
vehicular traffic demands generated within the area.
. Roadways shall incorporate multi-modal transportation
opportunities including bicycle routes, pedestrian
pathways, and transit.
. A special empt>asis on the safe and convenient movement
of the pedestrian and bicyclist shall be placed on all
roadways.
. All new and improved roadways shall comply with the
provisions of this Plan, particularly the Gateway and
Landscape Enhancement Plan detailed in Section 4.1.
. All new and improved roadways shall accommodate
directional signage and celebratory banners.
SECTION III
Development Plan
University District Specific Plan
41
City of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Street Names
In order to help unify the University District, education related
street and facility names would help identify the area. Names
such as Yale, Berkeley, Oxford, as well as the existing
University and Campus Parkways, provide a subtle reminder of
the presence of a university.
This Plan provides the City the direction to study and advocate
the renaming of roads and facilities within the University
District. It is important to note that there are potential financial
implications to renaming streets and these costs must be
balanced with the intent of this direction.
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The following policies shall govern the renaming of streets and
public facilities:
· The City shall convene a series of public workshops to
discuss the potential for renaming streets and facilities.
Potential benefits and impacts shall be discussed.
· The meetings shall include representatives from the police
and fire departments, University, local schools, and Flood
Control District as well as local residents.
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· After the public workshops, the Common Council shall
determine the appropriateness of renaming streets and
public facilities.
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University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
~~~~NNING
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PSOMAS
Citv of San Bernardino
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University District Specific Plan
Transit
The City of San Bernardino accommodates multiple public
transportation options. Omnitrans currently offers five routes
to the University and around the University District (Routes 2,
5, 6, 7, and 11). Bus service generally operates along Kendall,
Northpark, Palm, and University Parkway.
The location of future bus transit routes should be responsive
to land use plans and changing ridership patterns. Local and
regional bus transit routes shall be accommodated along
arterials and collector streets to provide convenient access to
activity areas such as the University.
The following policies govern the development of transit
facilities:
. Bus bays shall be constructed where bus stops serve
activity areas to preserve major street capacity.
· Bus stop facilities, furniture, and shelters may be designed
to reflect the character, style, and materials of their
locations as permitted by the Development Services
Director.
Mu/ti-Puroose Trails
Multi-purpose trails are the major non-automotive
transportation facilities in the University District. Multi-purpose
trails accommodate pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian users.
As shown on Figure 9, Trails Plan, these facilities generally
follow the foothills and flood control channels.
A multi-purpose linkage between the University District and
Verdemant to the north is suggested in this Plan. As
conceived, the linkage follows the levees and joins Northpark
Boulevard with Belmont Avenue in Verdemont and would be
periodically flooded.
The following policies shall guide the development of the multi-
purpose trail system in the University District:
. The City shall work with the Flood Control District and the
University to coordinate trail development within the
Specific Plan area. Issues to clarify are:
. Current ownership and easement status of the flood
control channels,
. Risk management and assignment of liability for future
use,
· Schedule of maintenance or improvements,
· Timing of acquisition, and
Examples of the types of multi-purpose
trails envisioned in the University
District.
A_',~
83 SECTION III
Development Plan
University District SPecific Plan
45
City of San Bernardino
Examples of a Class I, off-street trail
desired in the University District.
~ The Planning Center
46
..
University District Specific Plan
. Funding mechanism.
· The City shall be guided by the following principles in the
location of multi-purpose trails:
. Multi-purpose trails should connect urban areas to
regional recreational amenities, follow corridors of
scenic or aesthetic interest, or provide loop connection
to such routes or amenities.
. Multi-purpose trails should be located where motor
vehicle crossings can be eliminated or minimized.
. Multi-purpose trails should provide for connectivity to
other transportation modes such as bus stops and park-
and-ride sites when feasible to enhance inter-modal
transportation opportunities.
. Multi-purpose trails should provide for connectivity to
the on-street walkway and bikeway network when
feasible to enhance non-motorized transportation
opportunities.
· Work with the University, the Flood Control District, and
residents in Verdemont to study the feasibility of a
connection between Northpark Boulevard with Belmont
Avenue.
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Bicvcle Trails
The bicycle is an especially viable mobility option within
University District given the number of students. For
movement within the planning area itself, there is a system of
on and off-street bicycle trails. For connections outside of the
planning area, the Specific Plan incorporates Multi-Purpose
trails that are described above.
As shown in Figure 9, the bicycle system connects with the
major features and activity areas within the Specific Plan area.
The bicycle system is composed of on-street (Class II) and off-
street (Class I) pathways. The bicycle system generally
follows the rights-ot-way for the roadways, irrigation canals,
and waterways. The typical bicycle sections are as described
in the Bicycle Master Plan.
The following policies shall guide the development of bicycle
trails:
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. Bicycle trails shall be designed so that there is minimal
conflict with automobiles at driveways, intersections, and
along streets.
· To be conducive to attracting increased bicycle use,
bicycle trails must be safe and connected to activity areas,
such as the Campus.
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Regional Multi-Purpose Trails
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University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
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City of San Bernardino
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PSOMAS
C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The University District is envisioned as an interconnected and
vibrant village. The intent of the Design Guidelines is to ensure
that future improvements in the University District have a high
level of quality to unify the project area.
The Design Guidelines help establish a unified framework that
provides continuity throughout the public portions of the
University District, including public roads, easements,
parkways, medians, and development edges. These Design
Guidelines establish the design framework that the City will
use to evaluate proposed developments and to guide right-of-
way improvements. These Guidelines supplement the design
guidelines in the City's Development Code.
The Design Guidelines are divided into Corridors and
Gateways. Within each section, guidelines are provided along
with representative photographs depicting examples of the
character envisioned in the University District.
Corridor Enhancement Plan
Travel corridors provide arguably the most vivid image of a
place. They form its first and last impression. The focus of this
Plan is on unifying and enhancing the corridors to create an
active, lively, and celebratory atmosphere within the University
District.
This will be accomplished through a rich use of landscape and
streetscape features along the public rights-of-way within the
University District. Landscape and streetscape features help
to integrate the diverse elements of the built environment.
Even when structures bear no resemblance to one another,
strong landscape and streets cape features can help unify the
street scene, orient travelers, and create a memorable image.
As shown on Figure 11, Corridor Enhancement Plan, the major
roadways with the University District are the corridors where a
focus on enhanced right-of-way treatments will be directed.
Within these corridors, a special emphasis shall be placed on
the rich use of the landscape and streetscape features, which
include: landscaping, fencing, lighting, sidewalks and trails,
outdoor furniture, and signage.
An example of the type of landscape and
streets cape treatments that are desired
in the University District.
rtJ SECTION IV
Design Guidelines
University District SPecific Plan
53
\1iI>m.._'.,""','I<"l"",."'C,,:t_\W_"'_""""''',;I10'Hfi'''<~,,,A_''
Cit of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
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Corridor Enhancement Plan
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University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
2/2/04
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PSO .S
City of San Bernardino
..
University District Specific Plan
Landscapina
. An informal, non-symmetrical grouping of landscaping
should be used within the landscape setback along
corridors. A formal, symmetrical landscape plan should
only be utilized at prominent locations, such as gateways
(Described below).
. Utilize drought-tolerant, native plant landscaping and river
rock in the right-of-ways and focus non-native species at
prominent locations such as gateways (Described below).
Coyote Drive north of Northpark Boulevard is an excellent
example of the desired landscaping style.
. Medians and street edges should be primarily planted with
drought tolerant and shade producing vegetation.
. Canopy trees should be used to provide shade adjacent to
sidewalks in residential areas.
. Use non-potable water for irrigation when available.
Fencina
. Solid privacy or sound walls should be heavily screened by
landscaping and utilize a variety of textures, materials, and
colors.
. Solid walls should not be of a single monotonous design.
Walls should be "broken up" by lush landscaping,
pedestrian entries, offsets, pilasters, recesses, and
undulations.
. Fencing that parallels trails and roadways should be of
consistent materials, color, height, and style.
. Utilize combinations of solid and view fences, which are
constructed of durable materials, wherever possible to
maintain views, enhance security, and to add variety to
long stretches of walls.
. All services and utilities should be screened from view
either with fencing or landscaping or placed underground.
. Retention walls and perimeter walls should be textured,
landscaped, and employ changes in plane levels to avoid
the appearance of long, unbroken lengths of wall.
Examples of the types of landscape treatment
expected in the University District.
Examples of the types of fencing and
landscape treatment expected in the
University District.
SECTION IV
Design Guidelines
University District SPecific Plan
57
(~it~ of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Liahtina
· Lighting fixtures should be designed to be durable and
enhance the style, materials, and character of the
neighborhood
· Lighting should guide the pedestrian.
· Lighting should illuminate and highlight architectural
features.
· Lighting should not be directed into the eyes of pedestrians
and drivers.
Examples of the types of detailed lighting
treatment expected in the University District.
· Sufficient light should be provided to create a safe and
comfortable nighttime environment.
· The design and placement of lighting shall minimize glare
affecting adjacent properties, buildings and roadways.
· Lighting shall enhance the safety of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic at key points along the roadway.
· Utilize low level, pedestrian-scaled lighting along pathways
and trails.
..
..
Sidewalks and Trails
· Utilize the standards in the City's Landscape and Design
Standards in the design and development of sidewalks.
· Unique paving should identify pedestrian crossings and
vehicular access points.
· At street crossings, sidewalks should utilize variations in
surface texture, materials, or colors to draw the attention of
the motorist.
· Trails may be a combination of hard and soft paving to
match the function of the trials and style of the surrounding
character.
· Encourage the placement of public art in the public-right-of-
way.
· Use a variety of walkway surfaces, patterns, and textured
materials to guide pedestrians and create a sense of
location and place.
__'~'~i~='\""'m
~ The Planning Center
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58
.'
_<;:ity of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Outdoor Furniture
. Outdoor furniture, such as trash containers, drinking
fountains, and newspaper stands, should blend with the
surrounding character in terms of style/theme, materials,
and colors.
. Outdoor furniture shall be constructed of a durable
material.
Signaae
. Signage should be oriented to the pedestrian and can be
smaller and more ornately detailed.
. Signage should be visually compelling, informative, and
add to the pedestrian experience.
. Integrate lighting elements into sign designs. Conceal or
integrate lighting mechanics so that they do not detract
from sign aesthetics.
. Create thematic street signs that clearly identify street name
and community.
. Banners and bunting identifying the University District,
events, and public events are encouraged in the publiC
right-of-way.
Examples of the types of outdoor furniture
expected in the University District.
Examples of the types of signage that is
appropriate in the University District.
III SECTION IV
Design Guidelines
University District Specific Plan
59
Examples of the types of gateways and entry
monuments that help distinguish the
University District.
fIl The Planning Center
60
City of San Bernardino
-
University District Specific Plan
Gateways
Gateways are significant features that announce arrival into the
University District. Gateways should be distinct and
identifiable to create an image for the University District. It is
within the Gateways that signature landscaping, public art,
clear signage, and other distinctive features will be located.
Figure 12, Gateway Plan, depicts the locations of the
gateways. As you will see, Gateways are placed at strategic
intersections to help identify the area.
The exact design, configuration, and content of the gateways
will be determined on a case-by-case basis; however, the
following guidelines should be used to develop the design and
development of gateways:
· A formal, symmetrical landscape plan may be utilized at
gateways.
· Lush, non-native plant species may be utilized in gateways.
· Gateways may utilize an informal or formal grouping of tall
accent and shade trees with a lush understory and
groundcover.
· Unique, eye-catching features should be utilized in
Gateways. Arches, towers, fountains, and significant
landscaping should be employed to help identify the area.
· Gateways should incorporate ornate features such as
textured pavement, public art, and fountains, which are
constructed of durable and, when possible, natural
materials.
· Gateways should incorporate therned signage and lighting
that announces arrival into a particular area or project.
· Signage and lighting fixtures should be distinctive and
reflect the surrounding character in terms of style,
materials, and colors.
· Gateways should be externally illuminated.
· Gateways should contain clear directional signage to the
University and other features in the District.
· While no strict standards are given for the design and
development of Gateways, they generally range in size
from 800 to 1,400 square feet and generally have curbside
dimensions of between 40 and 50 feet from the corner on
each side.
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University District Specific Plan
City of San Bernardino
2/2/04
Vf'\J Ol. ~Q~~NNING
~ · ~ (1,CENTER
C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
SECTION V: IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Organization and Administration
Whether regulatory or policy oriented, all specific plans must
contain a "program of implementation measures including
regulations, programs, public works projects, and financing
measures" pursuant to California Government Code Section
65451 (a)(4).
The first section discusses capital projects and implementation
programs needed to construct the landscape and streetscape
enhancements in the Specific Plan area. The second section
describes a range of financing strategies available for these
features. The third section presents the implementation goals
and policies to implement the Specific Plan. Taken
collectively, these policies form the implementation prograrn
for the University District Specific Plan area.
The University District Specific Plan is consistent with and
implements the goals and policies of the San Bernardino
General Plan. A more specific discussion of consistency
between the two docurnents can be found in Appendix A,
General Plan Consistency Analysis.
Responsibility
The City's Development Services Director shall be responsible
for administering the provisions of the University District
Specific Plan in accordance with the provisions of this Specific
Plan, the State of California Government Code, Subdivision
Map Act, and the City of San Bernardino General Plan and
Municipal Code.
Interpretations
When there is a question or ambiguity regarding the
interpretation of any provision of this Specific Plan, the
Development Services Director has the authority to interpret
the intent of such provision.
The Development Services Director may, at his/her discretion,
refer interpretations to the Planning Commission for its
consideration and action. Such a referral shall be
accompanied by a written analysis of issues related to the
SECTION V
Implementation
University District SPecific Plan
63
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City ~~~n Be~nardin~
University District Specific Plan
interpretation. The Planning Commission action may be
appealed to the Common Council.
All interpretation made by the Development Services Director
may be appealed to the Planning Commission in accordance
with the appeal procedures set forth in the Development Code.
Specific Plan Amendment
Minor Amendments
Minor amendments include simple modifications to text or
graphics that do not change the meaning, intent, or are
contrary to any provision of the Specific Plan. Minor
modifications may be accomplished administratively by the
I Development Services Director and are appealable to the
I Planning Commission and Common Council.
Maior Amendments
I Major modifications are amendments to exhibits or text that
I are intended to change the intent and/or development
standards or other provisions of the Specific Plan. Major
modifications require an amendment to the Specific Plan and
approval by the Planning Commission and Common Council
in accordance with the requirements of the City of San
Bernardino Development Code.
Severability
If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this
Specific Plan, or future amendments or additions hereto, is for
any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the
decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision
shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this
Plan.
Capital Projects and Implementation Programs
A series of public and private projects are required to
implement the proposed Specific Plan. These projects include
public street improvements, development of parkways and
trails, and administration of development programs (e.g.,
capital improvement programs, design and development
review). The capital projects and implementation programs
are described as follows:
Public Amenitv Proaram
This cost category includes streetscape improvements (Le.,
landscaping, benches and lighting), bicycle and pedestrian
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~ The Planning Center
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p'-,
C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
system improvements, trails, and parks within the planning
area.
Streetscape Improvements
Streetscape improvements will create the image and amenity
of the area for existing and future businesses. These streets
are heavily traveled, highly visible thoroughfares that are
gateways to the community. The streetscape enhancements
will improve both the project area and the City as a whole.
Bicvcle and Pedestrian Improvements
This includes improvements to and creation of the trail system.
Improvement of these trails will provide a significant
recreational and open space amenity for the project area as
well as the City as a whole.
Financing Strategies
A detailed financing plan should be prepared in order to
successfully implement the improvements proposed by the
University District Specific Plan. The following is a summary of
possible methods for financing the Specific Plan
improvements as identified above.
Some of these financing methods may be impacted by the
passage of Proposition 218 in November of 1996. Proposition
218 added Articles XIII C and D to the California Constitution
controlling how general taxes are levied and requiring certain
previously levied general taxes to be ratified by voters. It
reduces all taxes to either general taxes or special taxes. It
defines a general tax as "any tax imposed for general
governmental purposes" and a special tax as "any tax imposed
for specific purposes, including a tax imposed for specific
purposes, which is placed into a general fund." General and
special taxes can be reduced or repealed through the initiative
process. Benefit assessments and "property related fees and
charges" cannot be imposed without prior voter approval.
Fees, charges, and assessments can be reduced or repealed
through the initiative process.
According to Proposition 218, a city, county, or special district
(including a school district) contemplating a special tax levy
must hold a noticed public hearing and adopt an ordinance or
resolution prior to placing the tax on the ballot. The ordinance
or resolution must specify the purpose of the tax, the rate at
which it will be imposed, the method of collection, and the
date of the election to approve the tax levy. Approval by a 2/3
vote of the city, county, or district electorate is necessary for
adoption.
..."""""'--,."'---
III SECTION V
Implementation
University District SPecific Plan
65
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City of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Soecial Assessment Districts (1911, 1913. 1915 ACT)
California law provides procedures to levy assessments
against benefiting properties and issue tax-exempt bonds to
finance public facilities and infrastructure improvements.
Assessment districts, also known as improvement districts, are
initiated by the legislative body (e.g. city), subject to majority
protest of property owners or registered voters. Assessments
are distributed in proportion to the benefits received by each
property, and represent a lien against property. The
assessments are fixed dollar amounts and may be prepaid.
Only improvements with property-specific benefits (e.g. roads,
and sewer and water improvements) may be financed with
I assessments.
~
Area of Benefit Fees
Area of benefit fees may be enacted by the legislative body
(i.e. city) through adoption of an ordinance without voter
approval. The fee must be directly related to the benefit
received. It does not create a lien against property, but must
be paid in full as a condition of approval. Its principle use is for
encumbering properties that do not voluntarily enter into an
assessment of a Community Facilities District (CFD), so that
they pay their fair share at the time they are ready to be
developed. Proceeds may be used to reimburse property
owners who pay up-front cost for facilities benefiting other
properties. Benefiting properties may be given the option to
finance the fees by entering into an assessment district
(1913/1911 Act or Mello-Roos CFD).
."
Landscaoina and Liahtina Districts
Landscaping and Lighting Districts (LLD) may be used for
installation, maintenance, and servicing of landscaping and
lighting, through annual assessments on benefiting properties.
LLDs also may provide for construction and maintenance of
appurtenant features, including curbs, gutters, walls, sidewalks
or paving, and irrigation or drainage facilities. They also may
be used to fund and maintain parks above normal park
standards maintained from general fund revenues.
Surface Transoortation Proaram (STPi Funds
The passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act of 1991 provides funding to strengthen the
national transportation system through "enhancement"
projects. Transportation enhancement activities include:
pedestrian and bicycle facilities, acquisition of scenic and
historic sites, scenic and historic highway programs,
landscaping, rehabilitation of historic transportation facilities,
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C of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
preservation of abandoned transportation corridors,
archeological planning and research, control and removal of
outdoor advertising, and mitigation of water quality impacts
from roadway runoff. Funding can be obtained through San
Bernardino Area Governments (SAN BAG) on a regional basis
and also directly through the State.
General Obligation Bonds
In 1986, California voters approved Proposition 46, restoring
the ability of local governments and school districts to issue
general obligation (G.O.) bonds. General obligation bonds
require approval by 2/3 of the jurisdiction's voters and are
used to finance the acquisition and construction of public
capital facilities and real estate (see ~29900 et seq., 43600 et
seq., and Education Code ~15100 et seq.). G.O. bonds are
repaid through an increase in the ad valorem property tax
being levied by the issuing jurisdiction.
General Obligation bonds may be used to fund such things as
schools, libraries, jails, fire protection, and capital
improvements. According to the California Debt and
Investment Advisory Commission, 27 G.O. bond measures
were placed on local ballots in the November 1996 election.
Fourteen passed, thirteen failed, and nine received more than
60 percent approval. Some of these bonds included K-12
school facilities and seismic-safety retrofitting of public
buildings.
Other Fundina Sources
There may be other sources available to finance improvement
projects such as special assessment districts, government
grants, or various types of bonds not listed above that may be
used to fund improvements.
Additional sources of funding for capital projects will be
pursued though many grant programs. For example,
improvements to the pedestrian and bicycle system, such as
improvement of trails, may be candidates for TEA-21
(Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century) funding. TEA
21 funds are applicable to a wide range of transportation
related projects and typically require a local match.
SECTION V
Implementation
University District SPecific Plan
67
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University District Specific Plan
Implementation of the Specific Plan
· No project shall be approved unless it is consistent with the
goals, policies, Development Standards, and Design
Guidelines of this Specific Plan.
The Plan sets forth development standards and design
guidelines that are intended to ensure that new
development is of high quality and is oriented and designed
to reinforce the public realm of the Specific Plan area,
specifically the streets, parkways and trails, parks, and
open spaces.
· Proposed plans for new development will be evaluated for
consistency with the Specific Plan policies and design
guidelines during entitlement application review to ensure
high quality development.
To ensure that new development is of a high quality and is
consistent with the intent of the Specific Plan, review will be
conducted on proposed development plans in the Specific
Plan area.
""
...
· The Common Council shall direct that detailed improvement
plans for corridors and gateways be prepared in
conjunction with the University and local
residents/businesses and that potential costs be identified.
A key aspect of this Plan is to create a rich streetscape
scene that ties the University District together. Creating
and implementing detailed construction and landscaping
plans is the critical step in this process.
· Establish the funding and financing mechanisms necessary
to implement the Specific Plan.
Pursue funding from government sponsored grant
programs for transit and pedestrian realm improvements
and explore the possibility of special assessments to
implement the Plan.
....
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City of San Bernardino
"
University District Specific Plan
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
University District Specific Plan
69
of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
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University District Specific Plan
APPENDIX A - GENERAL PLAN
CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS
The following documents the consistency of the University District with the goals and policies of the City
of San Bernardino General Plan.
Vision
. Capitalize upon and enhance the City's many significant features, such as ... major educational
institutions such as San Bernardino Valley College and California State University San Bernardino:
significant transportation.... (Emphasis added)
. Realize higher quality development;
. Achieve distinct personality and identity;
. Revitalize our boulevards so that they offer a vibrant mix of well designed land uses instead of a
strip of faceless, deteriorating commercial development;
. Take pleasure in attractive amenities, such as parks, community centers, cultural facilities, and
open space that meet the needs of our community.
The University District implements a key directive of the General Plan, enhancing community assets to
improve the City's image and quality of life in San Bernardino. The focus of the University Specific Plan
is to enhance the aesthetics of the public rights-of-way, improve connectivity between and, over time,
reduce the physical barriers separating the University and surrounding community.
Land Use Element
Goal 2. 1
Preserve and enhance San Bernardino's unique neighborhoods.
And...
Goal 2.3 Create and enhance dynamic, recognizable places for San Bernardino's
residents, employees and visitors.
The University District Specific Plan provides policies, standards, and guidelines that set the desired
direction for future physical improvements in the University District. The Specific Plan creates an
identifiable and recognizable village that is visually and physically integrated and interconnected.
The University District Specific Plan is a direct response to the City's General Plan, which requires
creation of a plan to address the integration of the University and the community.
APPENDIX A
General Plan Consistency Analysis
University District Specific Plan
A-I
of San Bernardino
University District Specific Plan
Goal 2.5
Enhance the aesthetic quality of land uses and structures in San Bernardino.
fe'"
The University District Specific Plan contains standards and design guidelines that provide a set of
criteria against which to review future proposals and to enhance public improvements. The goal of these
guidelines and policies is to improve the aesthetic quality of the University District.
,.
Strategy for the University District Strategic Policy Area: Implement the provisions of the
University District Specific Plan in order to integrate the University with the surrounding
community and enhance the overall image of the City.
The importance of the University District is clear as it is identified as a Strategic Policy Area in the
General Plan. The specific plan is a direct implementation of the General Plan direction with the purpose
of integrating the University and surrounding community into a unified village.
.,.,
Economic Development Element
~
Goal 4.4 Partner with the existing educational institutions to effectively deliver job-training
programs to residents.
And...
...
Goal 4.5 Enhance, maintain, and develop recreational, cultural, entertainment, and educational
facilities within the City.
The Specific Plan implements these General Plan goals by describing a process to discuss mutual
needs and providing the direction to enhance the area surrounding the University.
..
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The Planning Center
A-2
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CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
San Bernardino...c:e1ebratina the past. valuing the present.
creating opportunities for tIie future.
Draft General Plan - January 2005
Acknowledgements
COMMON COUNCIL
Judith Valles, Mayor
Esther Estrada, Council Member First Ward
Susan Lien LongvilIe, Council Member Second Ward
Gordon McGinnis, Council Member Third Ward
Neil Derry, Council Member Fourth Ward
Chas A. Kelley, Council Member Fifth Ward
Rikke Van Johnson, Council Member Sixth Ward
Wendy McCammack, Council Member Seventh Ward
PLANNING COMMISSION
Carol Thrasher, Chair
Mike Sauerbrun, Commissioner
John Coute, Commissioner
Kenneth Durr, Commissioner
Alfredo Enciso, Commissioner
Jim Morris, Vice Chair
CITY STAFF
James Funk, Development Services Director
Valerie C. Ross, Deputy Director/City Planner
Terri Rahhal
CONSULTANTS TO THE CITY
The Planning Center, General Plan
Transtech Engineering, Inc, Circulation
Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Economic Analysis
Psomas & Associates, GIS
San Buenaventura Research Associates, Historic Resources
SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTR 0 D U CTI ON ................................................................................................... 1-1
HOW THE GENERAL PLAN SERVES SAN BERNARDINO ................................................ 1-1
ABOUT THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO .......................................................................... 1-2
ABOUT THIS PLAN .................................................................................................................. 1-9
USING THE PLAN ...................................................................................................................1-14
SHAPING THE PLAN .............................................................................................................. 1-16
A VISION FOR OUR CITY'S FUTURE .................................................................................1-17
CHAPTER 2. LAND USE...................................... ................................................................ ......... 2-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
ACHIEVING OUR VISION. .............. ........... ........ ......................... .......... ................ ......... .... ......... 2-6
LAND USE PLAN ................. .........................................................................................................2-7
GOALS AND POLICIES.............................................................................................................. 2-33
CITYWIDE GOALS AND POLICIES .........................................................................................2-33
STRATEGIC POLICY AREAS... .................................................................................................2-51
CHAPTER 3. H 0 US IN G ................................................................................................................ 3-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 3-1
COMMUNITY PROFILE ...... ......................... ................................................................................3-7.
HOUSING NEEDS ....................................................................................................................... 3-23
EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS UNDER THE 1989 HOUSING ELEMENT......................... 3-40
HOUSING GOALS, POLICIES, AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................3-40
CHAPTER 4. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 4-1
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................4-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION ........... .................................................................................................4-2
ABOUT OUR ECONOMy.............................................................................................................4-3
GOALS AND POLICIES..............................................................................................................4-10
CHAPTER 5. COMMUNITY DESIGN ........................................................................................ 5-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... ................................5-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION .......................................... .................................................................. 5-3
COMMUNITY DESIGN SCOPE AND STRUCTURE .................................................................5-3
GOALS AND POLICIES................................................................................................................5-7
CHAPTER 6. CIRCULATION ......................................................................................................6-1
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................6-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION............................................................................................................ 6-3
ABOUT OUR CIRCULATION SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 6-4
GOALS AND POLICIES..............................................................................................................6-23
City of San Bernardino
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CHAPTER 7. PUBLI C FACILITIES AND SERVICES ............................................................. 7-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 7-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION............................................................................................................7-2
GOALS AND POLICIES................................................................................................................7-4
CHAPTER 8. PARKS, RECREATION, AND TRAILS.............................................................. 8-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 8-1
ABOUT PARKS ............................................................................................................................. 8-2
ABOUT MULTI-PURPOSE TRAILS AND BIKEWAYS ..........................................................8-11
ACHIEVING THE VISION.......................................................................................................... 8-15
GOALS AND POLICIES.............................................................................................................. 8-16
CHAPTER 9. UTILITIES......... .............. ............. .............. ........... ..... ..................................... ........ 9-1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 9-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION................................... ......................................................................... 9-2
GOALS AND POLICIES..................................................................... ........................................... 9-3
CHAPTER 10. SAFETY ............................................................................................. .................. 10-1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... .................... 10-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION.................... ...................................................................................... 10-2
GOALS AND POLICIES....... ........ .................................................................... .............. ............. 10-3
CHAPTER 12. NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION ......................................12-1
INTRODUCTION................................................................ ......................................................... 12-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION ......................... ................................................. ................................ 12-2
GOALS AND POLICIES........................................................ ................................ ...................... 12-3
CHAPTER 13. ENERGY AND WATER CONSERVATION ..................................................13-1
INTRODUCTION.......................... ................ ............................................................................... 13-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION........... ............................ .............................................................. ..... 13-1
GOALS AND POLICIES............................................................................................. ................. 13-3
CHAPTER 14. N 0 ISE................................................................................................................... 14-1
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 14-1
ACHIEVING THE VISION....... .......... ........ ............................................................................... 14-10
GOALS AND POLICIES............................................................................................................ 14-11
ii
City of San Bernardino
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Table Of Contents
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Implementation Program
Appendix 2 Neighborhood Improvement Program
Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops
Appendix 4 Common Council Interviews and Business Stakeholders Workshop Summary
Appendix 5 Methodology Report
Appendix 6 Glossary of Terms
Appendix 7 Issues Report
Appendix 8 Zoning Consistency Matrix
Appendix 9 Circulation Plan Changes
Appendix 10 Economic Report
Appendix 11 Tippecanoe Baseline Infrastructure Plan (under a separate cover)
Appendix 12 Environmental Impact Report (under a separate cover)
Appendix 13 Historical Context
Appendix 14 Traffic Analysis Summary
City of San Bernardino
iii
Q:\SBC-15. OG\General P1anlPublic Healing lAafllOl - IntnxllX~oriVTPC - SBC.15 Introduc~on, doc
Figure I-I
Figure 1-2
Figure LU-1
Figure LU-2
Figure LU-3
Figure LU-4
Figure LU-5
Figure LU-6
Figure ED-1
Figure ED-2
Figure CD-1
Figure CD-2
Figure C-1
Figure C-2
Figure PFS-1
Figure PRT-1
Figure PRT-2
Figure U-1
Figure U-2
Figure U-3
Figure S-l
Figure S-2
Figure S-3
Figure S-4
Figure S-5
Figure S-6
Figure S-7
Figure S-8
Figure NRC-1
Figure NRC-2
Figure N-1
Figure N-2
Figure N-3
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Regional Location .. ........ ..... ........ ... ........ ..... ........... ......... ...... .............. ........... ...... .... 1-5
City Boundaries and Sphere of Influence............................................................. ....1-7
Foundation Component Plan .................................................................................... 2-9
General Plan Land Use Map ..................................................................................2-13
Illustrative Land Use Examples .............................................................................2-25
San Bernardino International Airport Planning Boundaries ..................................2-47
Strategic Area Map.................................................................................................2-53
Verdemont Heights Area Plan................................................................................ 2-79
City Redevelopment Areas..................................................................................... 4-17
IVDA Redevelopment Areas.................................................................................. 4-25
Community Design Plan .......................................................................................... 5-5
Illustrative Examples ..............................................................................................5-17
Scenic Highways/Routes................................................ ..........................................6-9
Circulation Plan..................... ....................... ..........................................................6-21
Civic, Institutional, and Cultural Facilities ............................................................ 7-13
Existing Parks and Recreation Facilities .................................................................. 8-9
Conceptual Trail System ........................................................................................ 8-10
Sewerage Service Area Boundaries ......................................................................... 9-7
Water Service Area Boundaries .............................................................................9-13
Geothermal Resources............................................................................................ 9-23
100- Year Flood Plain ........................................................................................... 10-13
Seven Oaks Dam Inundation................................................................................ 10-15
Regional Fault Locations...................................................................................... 10-19
Liquefaction Susceptibility................................................................................... 10-23
Potential Subsidence Areas .................................................................................. 10-29
Slope Stability and Major Landslides .................................................................. 10-31
Wind Hazards... ........ ....... ................... ........... ......... .............................................. 10-35
Fire Hazard Areas... .............................................................................................. 10-41
Biological Resource Management Overlay............................................................ 12-7
Mineral Resources......... ....................................................................................... 12-13
Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Exposure .....................................14-5
Future Roadway Noise Contours ......................................................................... 14-17
Future Freeway and Railroad Noise Contours .....................................................14-19
City of San Bernardino
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Table Of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
Table LU-I Approved Specific Plans ................................................................................................ 2-3
Table LU-2 Land Use Designations ................................................................................................2-17
Table LU-3 Land Use Plan Statistical Summary: Residential Designations................................... 2-29
Table LU-3 Land Use Plan Statistical Summary: Non-Residential Designations........................... 2-30
Table H-1 Population Growth Trends in San Bernardino ................................................................. 3-7
Table H-2 Household Growth... ..................................... ....................................................................3-8
Table H-3 2000 Households with Children in San Bernardino ......................................................... 3-8
Table H-4 Persons by Ethnicity and Hispanic Origin in 1990 and 2000...........................................3-9
Table H-5 2001 Income Limits - Riverside & San Bernardino Counties ....................................... 3-10
Table H-6 1999 City and County Income Levels ............................................................................ 3-11
Table H-7 San Bernardino Households by Income in 1999............................................................ 3-11
Table H-8 Primary Employers in the City of San Bernardino......................................................... 3-13
Table H-9 Educational Attainment .................................................................................................. 3-14
Table H-lO Mobility and Self-care Limitation Status of Civilian Non-Institutionalized
Persons........................................................................................................................... 3-16
Table H-I1 Tenure by Persons in Occupied Units .......................................................................... 3-18
Table H-12 1990 through 1999 Housing Estimates for the City of San Bernardino .......................3-23
Table H-13 1999 City of San Bernardino Rental Rates................................................................... 3-25
Table H-14 1998-1999 City of San Bernardino Home Prices ......................................................... 3-26
Table H-15 1999 Comparative New Home Prices (Averages)........................................................ 3-26
Table H-16 Number of Households Paying Over 30% of Income on Housing............................... 3-27
Table H-17 Housing Expenditures per Income Group ....................................................................3-28
Table H-18 Median Rent in Relation to Median Income ................................................................ 3-29
Table H-19 For Sale Units Affordable to Lower-Income Households in 1999...............................3-29
Table H-20 Building Permit Activity Summary.............................................................................. 3-30
Table H-21 Age of Housing Units ................................................................................................... 3-31
Table H-22 San Bernardino Housing/Property Condition Survey Summary.................................. 3-33
Table H-23 Number of Bedrooms Per Housing Unit ......................................................................3-35
Table H-24 Rooms per Housing Unit in 2000................................................................................. 3-35
Table H-25 Persons Per Room in All Occupied Housing Units...................................................... 3-36
Table H -26 Overcrowded Housing.. ......................................................... ................... ....................3-37
Table H-27 HUD-Assisted Multi-family Housing - Section 8 Contracts........................................ 3-39
Table H-28 Fair Market Rents for Existing Housing in San Bernardino County............................ 3-39
Table H-29 Non-Profit Agencies Interested in the Right of First Refusal...................................... 3-41
Table H-30 Housing Need by Income ............................................................................................. 3-43
Table H-31 Projected Regional Demand in San Bernardino 1998-2005.........................................3-45
Table H-32 Total New Units Distributed by Income....................................................................... 3-45
Table H-33 Vacant Land Summary ................................................................................................. 3-47
Table H-33a Vacant Land with High Development Potential......................................................... 3-48
Table H-33b Vacant Parcels Suitable for Lower Income Housing.................................................. 3-49
Table H-33c Vacant Sites by Size ...................................................................................................3-50
Table H-33d Vacant Sites Over One Acre....................................................................................... 3-50
City of San Bernardino
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Table H-34 Impact of Interest Rates on Consumer Borrowing Costs on Monthly Payment ..........3-56
Table H-35 Impact ofInterest Rates on Commercial Borrowing Costs.......................................... 3-57
Table H-36 2001 City Development Fees .......................................................................................3-62
Table H-37 Minimum Dwelling Size Requirements ....................................................................... 3-65
Table H-38 Residential Development Standards ............................................................................. 3-66
Table H-39 Success of Housing Element Programs and Actions.................................................... 3-72
Table H-40 RHNA Housing Allocations......................................................................................... 3-77
Table PRT -1 Parkland Needs............................................................................................................. 8-4
Table PRT-2 Existing City Parks and Recreation Facilities 1...........................................................8-6
Table HAR-l Designated Historic Landmarks ........................................................................... 11-10
Table N-l FHW A Design Noise Levels .......................................................................................... 14-2
Table N-2 Summary ofEPAlFRA Railroad Noise Standards......................................................... 14-4
Table N-3 State of California Interior and Exterior Noise Standards.............................................. 14-7
vi
City of San Bernardino
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chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1. Introduction
HOW THE GENERAL PLAN SERVES SAN
BERNARDINO
State law requires every city in California to adopt a comprehensive, long-
term General Plan. The general plan represents the community's view of
its future and can be thought of as the blueprint for a city's growth and
development. City councils, planning commissions, and boards use the
goals and policies of the general plan as a basis on which to make their
land use, circulation, safety, and environmental decisions.
The general plan is considered "comprehensive" since it covers the
territory within the boundaries of the city and any areas outside of its
boundaries that relate to its planning activities (sphere of influence). It is
also comprehensive in that it addresses a wide variety of issues that
characterize a city. These issues range from the physical development of
the jurisdiction, such as general locations, timing, and extent of land uses
and supporting infrastructure, to social concerns such as those identified in
the housing element regarding housing affordability.
The general plan is considered "long-term" since it looks 20 years into the
future. The general plan projects conditions and needs into the future as a
basis for determining long-term objectives and policies for day-to-day
decision-making.
The City of San Bernardino's General Plan is guided by a Vision
Statement and Key Strategies, which describe the basic direction of the
policies contained in this Plan and represent the community's view of its
future. The Vision and Key Strategies also act as a yardstick against
which initiatives and proposals can be measured to determine ifthey are or
are not in concert with the future direction of the City.
City of San Bernardino
'TPC - SBC-15/ntroduclion.doc
1 Introduction
1-1
The official seal and logo of
the City of San Bernardino
depicts symbols of our
identity including the San
Bernardino Mountains, the
famous Arrowhead
landmark, as well as symbols
of our favorable climate.
A view of the San Bernardino
Mountains, in which thefamous
Arrowhead Springs Hotel and
the Arrowhead landmark can be
seen in the right-hand side of the
oicture.
1-2
ABOUT THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
History
Since its founding in 1854, San Bernardino has become a vibrant
community with an unusual array of features, including:
. Significant educational institutions in California State University, San
Bernardino and San Bernardino Valley College;
. Major transportation facilities such as the San Bernardino International
Airport and Trade Center, the Santa Fe Depot, railroad facilities,
Interstates 10 and 215, and State Routes 66,18, and 30;
. Major recreational facilities such as the National Orange Show, the
San Bernardino Mountains, Arrowhead Springs, the Arrowhead Credit
Union Park, and regional soccer fields;
. A diverse downtown that contains local, county, state, and federal
governmental facilities, professional offices, service, retail, and
entertainment uses, and residential uses;
. An array of residential neighborhoods of varying ages, product types,
and affordability;
.. . all situated in a remarkable setting between the foothills ofthe San
Bernardino Mountains and the Santa Ana River.
This setting is most likely what inspired the earliest settlers to inhabit the
San Bernardino Valley. It is believed that the earliest settlers were Native
Americans who may have settled along the Santa Ana River as early as
8000 Be. The setting also inspired the Spanish missionaries, who began
to settle the region in the late-eighteenth century. The first Spanish
mission in the valley was established on May 20, 1810 by Father Dumetz,
a Franciscan missionary, who named the rancho mission "San Bernardino"
after Saint Bernardino of Siena, the patron saint of the day on the Catholic
Calendar.
In 1852, a group of Mormons purchased the 40,000-acre San Bernardino
Rancho and established a thriving community with schools, stores, a
network of roads, and a strong government. The City of San Bernardino
incorporated in 1854 with a population of 1,200. Gold was discovered in
Holcomb Valley in 1862 and the population increased with the influx of
prospectors.
In the late 19th century, the Santa Fe, the Union Pacific and the Southern
Pacific railroads made San Bernardino the hub of their Southern California
operations, transforming the City into an enterprising center of commerce.
Competition between the railroads set off a rate war, which brought
City of San Bernardino
Q:\SBC-15.OGIGeneraf PlanlPubJic Hearing DraM01 -lnfroductionl!TPC - SBC.1S Introduction.doc
thousands of newcomers to California in the great land boom of the
1880's. When the Santa Fe Railway established a transcontinental link in
1886, the valley's population exploded, going from 6,150 in 1900 to
12,779 in 1910.
San Bernardino's core slowly intensified and development slowly spread
outward. To the west of the core, transportation related industries
developed around the Santa Fe rail yard. Residential development during
the late nineteenth century spread from the downtown commercial district
northward along E Street toward the Shandin Hills. Several annexations
added to the City's boundaries, significantly the inclusions of Norton
Airforce Base, now known as the San Bernardino International Airport
and Trade Center.
Location and Boundaries
As shown on Figure 1-1, the City of San Bernardino is located
approximately 60 miles east of the City of Los Angeles in the upper Santa
Ana River Valley. This valley is framed by the San Bernardino
Mountains on the northeast and east, the Blue Mountains and the Box
Springs Mountains abutting the Cities of Lorna Linda and Redlands to the
south, and the San Gabriel Mountains and the Jurupa Hills to the
northwest and southwest, respectively.
San Bernardino is surrounded by the Cities ofRialto to the west, Colton to
the southwest, Lorna Linda to the south, Redlands to the southeast,
Highland to the east, and the San Bernardino National Forest to the north.
As shown on Figure 1-2, the City of San Bernardino encompasses an area
that stretches from the 10 Freeway on the south to the Cajon Creek Wash
and the San Bernardino Mountains on the north. The City's total planning
area is 44,792 acres, or 70 square miles. This includes 38,244 acres, or 60
square miles, of incorporated territory and 6,549 acres, or 10 square miles,
of unincorporated lands within the City's Sphere ofInfluence.
City of San Bernardino
O\SBC-15.OGIGellt'rat PlanlPublic Hearing &1:Ifr.G1 -lntrodudioo\!TPC. SBC.15/ntrodudion,doc
1 Introduction
1-3
1-4
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City of San Bernardino
Q:\SBC-15.0GIGeneral PlanlPublic Hearing Draftl01 - Inrroducfion\!TPC - SBC-15/ntroductioo.doc
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Regional Location
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
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The unincorporated County "islands" within the City and the lands
adjacent to the City considered by the Local Agency Formation
Commission (LAFCO) to represent San Bernardino's "probable ultimate
physical boundaries and service area" (Sphere of Influence) are depicted
in Figure 1-2. Generally, these include the Muscoy area south of Cable
Creek, Cajon Creek Wash area to the north to the Interstate 15-215
interchange, East Twin Creek Wash area, and unincorporated County
islands in the eastern and southeastern portions of the community.
Due to its location, San Bernardino is situated as a gateway to the
mountain resorts. This gateway role affects the City's image in subtle
ways. Many place and street names (e.g., Highland Avenue, Foothill
Boulevard, Base Line Street, Arrowhead Avenue, and Piedmont Drive) are
derived from the mountainside location. Freeway exit signs direct
motorists to exits leading to "Mountain Resorts." San Bernardino is also a
gateway to southern California due to its proximity to the Cajon Pass, a
major natural entry from the high deserts and points east. The historic
development of San Bernardino as a transportation hub is directly related
to the proximity to the Cajon Pass (railroad lines, Santa Fe rail depot, U.S.
Route 66, Interstate 215, etc.).
ABOUT THIS PLAN
Authority
California State law (Government Code Section 65300) requires that each
city prepare and adopt a comprehensive, long-term general plan that
addresses, at a minimum: land use, circulation, housing, conservation,
open space, noise, and safety. In addition, it permits the inclusion of
optional elements that address specific needs and objectives ofthe City.
The content of San Bernardino's General Plan area is described in the
following section.
General Plan Structure
As a basis for understanding this Plan, it is necessary to understand the
basic structure of the General Plan. The General Plan is structured like a
pyramid in the following manner:
Vision. The Vision and Key Strategies express the future aspirations and
desires of San Bernardino. The Vision is the broadest level of direction in
the General Plan and describes the important characteristics that will
define San Bernardino in the future.
City of San Bernardino
O-\.SBC.1500\General P1anlPublic Heating Drarn01 . IntroductionllTPC . SBC.15/nfroduc1i0l1.doc
1 Introduction
A view of the San Bernardino
Mountains from Kendall HilL
1-9
Reference System
Chapter Number Goal Reference
l ____
2.1) Policy Text. /-1)
Policy Id Implementation Measure
A graphic explanation of the
policy numbering system used in
this General Plan.
1-10
Topic. The Topic describes the general theme of the Goal(s) and Policies
that address it.
Goals. Goals describe a broad direction that addresses a particular aspect
of the Vision toward which Policies and Implementation Measures and
Strategies are directed.
Policies. Policies describe a process or a particular course of action to
achieve the Goal and Vision. In some cases, as in the land use element,
standards for various land use designations also represent a type of policy,
reflected directly in map form and described in detail in the text.
Similarly, circulation system roadway classifications do the same for
arterial highways.
Implementation Measures. Implementation Measures define a specific
action, procedure, or program that accomplishes the Policies and defines
the level of commitment to be executed. The Implementation Measures
are contained in Appendix 1.
Strategies. Strategies are unique aspects of the Strategic Policy Areas
described in the Land Use Element. Strategies are similar to the Policies
described above but are focused on initiative. Strategies are intended to
result in an action and define specific steps necessary to improve/enhance
the Strategic Policy Areas.
1. Reference System
In order for the goals and policies to be successfully implemented, they
must relate to specific courses of action, described as an Implementation
Measure.
To allow easy reference, a numbering system has been established. Each
policy is identified by a sequential number that begins with the chapter
number and then distinguishes the specific goal and individual policy (see
sidebar). For instance, the first policy in the Land Use Element, chapter 2,
is identified as 2.1.1. Policies are followed by a set of numbers in
parenthesis, which refers to the Implementation Measure related to the
Policy.
City of San Bernardino
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1 Introduction
General Plan Content
The General Plan is organized in the following manner:
. Introduction - describes the background, development process,
features, and structure of the General Plan as well as the Vision that
guides the entire Plan and Land Use Map.
. Land Use - designates the general distribution and intensity ofland
uses in our community and provides general development guidelines
and policy direction for the use and development of land within the
planning area.
. Housing - assesses our current and projected housing needs, and sets
out policies and proposals for the improvement of housing and the
provision of adequate sites for housing to meet the needs of all
economic segments of the City.
. Economic Development - addresses the economic outlook and
opportunities in our community and presents strategies to enhance our
financial health.
. Community Design - assesses the aesthetic qualities of our
community and provides design guidelines to help improve our
community's image.
. Circulation - identifies the general location and extent of existing and
proposed major transportation facilities, including major roadways,
rail, transit systems, and airports.
. Public Facilities and Services - addresses our fire, police, and library
services as well as schools and cultural facilities.
. Parks, Recreation, and Trails - presents guidance for the acquisition,
development, maintenance, and improvement of our parks, community
centers, and trails.
. Utilities - provides guidance for our infrastructure and utilities.
. Safety - addresses geologic and seismic, hazardous materials, wind
and fire, aviation, and flooding issues in our community.
. Historical and Archeological Resources - addresses the enhancement
and preservation of our historic resources.
City of San Bernardino
1-11
0.\58C-15 OGIGenelal PlanlPublic Heating DrafM1 . IntrodudionVTPC - SBC-15 Introduction doc
. Natural Resources and Conservation - provides guidance for the
preservation, use, and enhancement of our natural resources.
. Energy and Water Conservation - addresses the efficient use and
conservation of our valuable energy and water resources.
. Noise - identifies and appraises noise problems and includes policies
to protect the City from excessive noise.
The following Appendices are attached to this Plan and support its policy
direction:
. Appendix 1 Implementation Program
. Appendix 2 Neighborhood Improvement Program
. Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops
. Appendix 4 Common Council Interviews and Business Stakeholders
Workshop Summary
. Appendix 5 Methodology Report
. Appendix 6 Glossary of Terms
. Appendix 7 Issues Report
. Appendix 8 Zoning Consistency Matrix
. Appendix 9 Circulation Plan Changes
. Appendix 10 Economic Report
. Appendix 11 Tippecanoe Baseline Infrastructure Plan (under a
separate cover)
. Appendix 12 Environmental Impact Report (under a separate cover)
. Appendix 13 Historic Context
. Appendix 14 Traffic Analysis Summary
1-12
City of San Bernardino
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1 Introduction
Interpreting General Plan Policy Language
Not all policies are the same in terms of the level of commitment they
represent. The action words contained in the policies convey distinct
levels of commitment and represent expected levels of outcome when they
are used. These action words include the following:
. Shall. This type of policy will always be followed. Shall
represents an absolute commitment to the guidance expressed in
the policy. (Similar action words: require, enforce, must, ensure)
. Should. This type of policy will be followed in most cases and
exceptions or degrees of implementation are acceptable with valid
reasons. (Similar action words: may)
. Allow. This type of policy permits certain initiatives that will be
supported by the City unless there are good reasons not to. Parties
other than the City will generally implement this policy type.
(Similar action words: permit)
. Coordinate. This type of policy involves working and partnering
with other entities to implement the policy. (Similar action words:
work with, facilitate)
. Consider. This type of policy requires investigation and study to
determine the appropriate level of commitment. This type of
policy requires an open-minded evaluation of possibilities until
facts are available to allow a decision. (Similar action words:
review, evaluate)
. Restrict. This type of policy sets specified limits within which
action and/or implementation will occur. (Similar action words:
control, limit, contain)
. Prohibit. This type of policy requires steps to actively prevent a
specified condition or decision from occurring. (Similar action
words: forbid, ban)
Other terminology may appear in certain policy statements. These terms
should be interpreted according to their similarity to the appropriate terms
descried above.
In instances where the interpretation of the Plan is uncertain, consultation
with City planning staff is highly recommended. In fact, because of the
City of San Bernardino
1-13
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broad scope and complexity of the General Plan, any person seeking to
implement it would be well advised to consult with City staff for
assistance.
Environmental Documentation
In addition to this General Plan document, a comprehensive
Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is published as a companion
document, see Appendix 12. It should be referred to for more extensive
information about the impacts ofthe Plan and how they will be mitigated
(offset or reduced) or to reference detailed background information that
aided the development of the General Plan.
USING THE PLAN
Consistency
Consistency with and within the General Plan is one ofthe most important
considerations surrounding the General Plan. In 1972 the California
Legislature enacted the law requiring that development projects must be
consistent with a local General Plan and also mandated consistency among
the contents of the Plan.
The concept of consistency entails two dimensions: 1) internal consistency
within the General Plan itself, and 2) consistency of public improvement
projects and private development projects with provisions of the General
Plan.
1. Internal Consistency
The essential question here is whether the provisions of the Plan are
aligned in a common direction on behalf of the community and not in
conflict. This alignment of policies must occur across all elements and
among the vision, goals, policies and actions throughout the Plan.
There is a built in tension between the different policy topics under the
law. There is an expectation that the Plan will promote housing and open
space; jobs and reduced traffic; vehicle movement and reduced noise and
air pollution. As can readily be seen, some balancing ofthese and many
other expectations that drive the Plan is essential.
1-14
City of San Bernardino
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1 Introduction
This is a major area in which the City's vision comes into play. The test
of commonality is whether or not a particular policy, standard, or principle
in the Plan contributes or frustrates the achievement of the vision.
2. External Consistency
This aspect of consistency is a measure of the extent to which private
development projects and public improvement projects actually advance
the purposes of the Plan rather than posing obstacles to their achievement
or even moving in a totally different direction. As with internal
consistency, this determination requires a degree of judgment, although
some situations are more clear-cut than others.
For example, a housing development proposed on land designated for
open space dedicated to habitat preservation is clearly inconsistent. On
the other hand, an auto related use proposed on land designated for light
industrial mayor may not be consistent, depending on the nature of the
auto related activity.
Determinations of project consistency are reflected in staff reports and
may result in project approval, project modification as a condition of
approval, or outright disapproval. In the latter case, the remedy is to seek
a General Plan amendment.
Administration and Implementation
The State recognizes the dynamic nature of the General Plan and provides
for periodic review of the document to ensure that it reflects contemporary
conditions and values. This is necessary because all development
proposed within the community must be consistent with the General Plan
and that is a key part of the project's analysis..
The State requires an update of the Housing Element portion of the Plan
every five years. These reports are key facets of the General Plan as a
management tool and not solely a policy guide for community
development.
The action items associated with policies in the Elements of this General
Plan are compiled in an implementation matrix form in Appendix 1. This
appendix sets up a process to be completed, expanded, and maintained by
the City. This process will require completion of the implementation
matrix described above, incorporating timing, status, and responsible
agency associated with each action item. The process also entails
reviewing the Implementation Plan and updating it based on
accomplishments achieved, work not yet completed, and new initiatives
City of San Bernardino
O:\SBC-15.OG\General P/9n\PubIic Hearing DrafMt -lntJOduction\!TPC - SBC-15/ntroducliOll.doc
1-15
Community members help frame
a vision for San Bernardino at
one of the public outreach
meetings.
1-16
stimulated by changing conditions and circumstances. This Appendix is
another key facet of the General Plan as a community management tool.
Amendment
Amending the General Plan requires compliance with certain provisions of
the State Govermnent Code. The General Plan must be amended in the
same manner as its original adoption: by resolution of the City Council
upon recommendation by the Planning Commission. However, each
amendment can include a package of changes and is not limited to a single
item.
SHAPING THE PLAN
The Vision of San Bernardino that follows is a result of community
involvement through Visioning Workshops and through the participation
of elected City Officials, the Planning Commission, City Department
Heads, and City Staff. The three primary methods used to shape this
General Plan are detailed below:
. Interviews with Common Council Members - All seven Common
Council members were interviewed in late 2002, early 2003, and again
in late 2004. The purpose of the interviews was three-fold: 1) to
provide an overview of the General Plan update process; 2) to identify
future visions of the community; and 3) to identify issues that need
particular attention in the update process. The results of these
interviews are contained in Appendix 4.
. Community Outreach - During November 2001, four community
workshops were held in various parts of the community to identify
citywide opportunities and constraints and visions for future City
growth. The workshops were strategically located to attract interested
members of the public from: the Wests ide, the UniversityNerdemont
area, the Downtown area, and the northern portion ofthe City. Each
of the four visioning workshops was intended to identify and prioritize
the community's "Likes", "Dislikes" and "Visions" for the future. The
results of these workshops are contained in Appendix 3.
An additional visioning workshop was conducted with local business
owners to discuss issues such as housing, quality of life, city image,
retail development, signage, and beautification. A summary of the
feedback received from the business stakeholders' workshop is
contained in Appendix 3.
City of San Bernardino
o.-\SBC-15.OGIGeneral PlanlPublic Hearing Draft\01 - Introduction\!TPC . SBC-15 Introduction. doc
. Issues Report - The opportunities and constraints facing the City in
its achievement of the Vision is summarized in the Issues Report. This
report serves as a basis for prioritizing issues, preparing policies, and
crafting implementation measures addressing these issues. This report
was prepared utilizing input from policy documents, focused studies
and reports prepared for the various City Departments, the Economic
Conditions and Tends report prepared for the General Plan update,
City Staff, residents, the business community, and other stakeholders.
The Issues Report is contained in Appendix 7.
A VISION FOR OUR CITY'S FUTURE
The following describes our desired future for San Bernardino in the next
20 years and beyond. Our Vision was created by this generation to
cultivate opportunities for future generations. Our Vision also provides
unity to the entire General Plan as well as policy guidance for the City
officials and staff.
Vision Summary
Since its founding as a settlement of Spanish Missionaries in 1810, San
Bernardino has evolved into a modem metropolis of almost 200,000
people. Over this almost 200 year period, San Bernardino has experienced
almost every societal issue: political and societal shifts; periods of rapid
growth and relative stability; episodes of economic prosperity and decline;
natural disasters from earthquakes, floods, and fires; and developmental
and environmental pressures. It is obvious that one constant throughout
our community's long history is change.
We should not overlook the fact that our community has weathered these
changes and grown during this time, with each historical period and
generation leaving its imprint.
The purpose of this Plan is to chart a course for the next 20 years so that
the positive features can be enhanced and built upon and the less desirable
features altered and improved. The following Key Strategies summarize
the Vision and emphasize the thrust of our General Plan's direction:
. Experience a new era of collaboration with an attitude of
entrepreneurship and action;
. Tap into the Inland Empire's dynamic economy;
. Deal with new fiscal realities;
City of San Bernardino
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1 Introduction
Examples of our diverse
character: The historic California
Theatre for the Performing Arts
and views of snow capped San
Bernardino Mountains from
downtown.
1-17
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SAN B I!.Rl:i:l\RO~NO
The annual Route 66 Rendezvous
is a 4-day classic car show that
encompasses a 35-block area of
the downtown streets of San
Bernardino.
1-18
. Develop a distinct personality both at a community wide and a
neighborhood level;
. Realize quality housing in safe and attractive neighborhoods;
. Enhance cultural, recreational, and entertainment opportunities,
. Provide quality education at all levels;
. Maintain a collective sense of community pride; and
. Achieve the Vision.
Vision
San Bernardino... Celebrating the Past,
Valuing the Present,
Creating Opportunities for the Future
1. Community Character/City Image
San Bernardino's character is shaped by a sensitive blend of old and new,
historic and contemporary, with respect for its past and future as well.
Our diverse and energetic residents actively collaborate to forge a distinct
character based upon our traditions and on the opportunities and variety
offered in our community. Our City will be known for its recreational
attractions, cultural resources, universities, safe and attractive
neighborhoods, economic opportunities, and its extraordinary location
next to the San Bernardino Mountains and along the trails of the Santa
Ana River and Cajon Wash.
2. Economy
San Bernardino is a City of economic opportunity. Our City will benefit
from its centralized location to serve as a trucking, aviation, and railroad
hub within the Inland Empire, and enjoy a strong and growing economic
base from which to diversify. With a commitment to provide a business
friendly environment, it is our Vision that San Bernardino will become a
premiere location in San Bernardino County to establish new businesses
and expand current operations to provide employment opportunities for all
residents. One of our main goals is to create a place where more people
enjoy the opportunity to live and work within San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
O:\SBC-15.0G\GeneraJ Pfan\Public Hearing Draftl01 -lntrOduction\!TPC - SBC-15/ntrOductlon.doc
Each of our neighborhoods will be enhanced and improved through an
investment in people and aggressive revitalization programs. Additionally,
retail and entertainment opportunities will be strengthened, particularly in
the downtown, making San Bernardino a regional retail and cultural
destination.
3. Education
How many cities can boast of two significant places of higher learning?
Proud? We sure are. San Bernardino Valley College and California State
University, San Bernardino are untapped assets with the potential to
expand opportunities for personal and economic growth and create social,
recreational, and cultural opportunities for our residents and businesses.
Weare also committed to forging a partnership between the community,
local school districts and our universities to ensure the best possible
education for our children and a rich cultural experience for our residents.
4. Conservation
The distinctive nature of San Bernardino is created not only by its people,
but also by the breadth of the natural features within its planning area and
surrounding region. Steep mountains, deep canyons, wide alluvial plains,
a flat valley floor, the Santa Ana River, and Lytle Creek are just a few of
the significant natural features defining our community. There are also
significant historical assets such as the Arrowhead Springs Hotel, the
Santa Fe Depot, and our characteristic neighborhoods.
How many of us grew up playing in these areas and now enjoy taking our
families for walks to see these features? We recognize the important role
these resources play in enhancing our experiences and our regional image.
Weare committed to preserving our natural surroundings and cultural
heritage to enhance our social, physical, environmental, and economic
quality oflife.
5. Transportation
San Bernardino's strategic location within Southern California's
transportation system is a major asset. We are positioned as a gateway into
the Southern California from Interstate 215, to the Inland Empire via
Interstate 10, and to the San Bernardino Mountains from State Route 18
and the 30 and 330 freeways. We are the location of major freight and
passenger rail operations and are blessed with a one-of-a-kind resource in
the San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center.
City of San Bernardino
O:\SBC.15_OG1General Pl81l\Public Heating Dram01. !nlToductionVTPC . SBC-15Inlroduc/JOI1doc
1 Introduction
The John M. Pfau Library on the
campus of California State
University, San Bernardino.
Source: University Website.
1-19
The Arrowhead Credit Union
Park, home of the Inland
Empire 66ers, San
Bernardino's Single-A minor
league baseball team.
1-20
It is our Vision that San Bernardino will continue to play an important role
in the movement of goods and people and will realize an economic and
social gain from this role. Our airport will be a vibrant center for
commerce and travel and stimulate surrounding businesses. Our historic
Depot will be an example of our versatile community and a destination in
itself. We will improve our entire system of mobility to improve
connectivity and relieve congestion by providing a range of transportation
alternatives including light rail, bus, bicycle, and pedestrian paths and
trails.
6. Housing
As is the case in nearly all cities within California, developing an adequate
and diverse supply of quality housing is one of our primary goals. Current
and future residents need a balanced supply of housing, providing
opportunities for first time homebuyers, students, estates, those in need of
or choosing multi-family units, and individuals seeking single family
homes.
However, we do not want sterile living arrangements; instead, we offer
safe and attractive neighborhoods with quality homes and a range of
recreational amenities. We want to create a place where San Bernardino's
homeowners and renters take pride in their surroundings and contribute to
the beautification and upkeep of our community. We desire a place where
we can own our homes, raise our families, and then retire in our
community.
7. Parks, Recreation, and Culture
The provision of parks, recreational, and cultural activities and amenities
improve the quality oflife of residents, enhance a community's image,
and attract businesses. We realize the importance of these features and are
dedicated to providing and maintaining parks, open spaces, cultural
amenities, and recreational facilities through a variety of creative and
equitable programs. We find ways to develop and attract community
centers, museums, theatres, parades, and performing arts facilities to help
forge a sense of community pride and excitement.
8. Land Use
The efficient use and development of land is one of our top priorities. We
realize that it is the pattern and quality of the development of our land that
determines major issues such as:
. If and how our neighborhoods are linked with the rest of the City;
City of San Bernardino
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1 Introduction
. The safety of our streets and neighborhoods;
. The location, design, aesthetic quality, and character of our
neighborhoods and shopping centers (as well as their economic
success);
. The type, location, and intensity of employment opportunities;
. The revitalization of our commercial corridors and neighborhoods;
. The distinctiveness of our individual neighborhoods and activity areas;
and
. Compatibility between our land uses.
We realize that we are blessed with numerous "gems" that can be used as
catalysts to improve neighborhoods and, in turn, our entire community.
Gems such as the National Orange Show, Little League Baseball West
Region Headquarters/Complex, California State University, San
Bernardino, San Bernardino Valley Community College, Community
Youth Soccer Association South Municipal Complex, the San Bernardino
Symphony Orchestra, the Santa Ana River, and Lytle Creek, Arrowhead
Springs, Route 66, San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center,
Hospitality Lane, Santa Fe Railroad Depot, historic corridors, downtown,
and our soaring mountains are the resources upon which we can enhance
our community.
While we know land use changes take time, we will maintain our focus on
these positive features to help stimulate constructive adjustments and
promote our community.
Our Vision is also founded on a spirit of collaboration, not only among
ourselves, but also with our neighboring cities, the County, surrounding
Native American tribes, and outside agencies to help achieve our goals
and realize a positive change.
9. Public Facilities & Services Issues
As our City continues to grow, we will need to continue to provide a high
level of services and enhance and expand public facilities to meet the
needs of residents and businesses. We want our libraries, streets,
recreational and cultural amenities, civic services, and infrastructure to be
continually upgraded to be as efficient, cost effective, and valuable as
possible.
City of San Bernardino
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1-21
1-22
10. Safety
Our community sits on the edge of a vast wilderness. While this is a
blessing in terms of views, recreational, and living opportunities, there is
an inherent danger from the fires, earthquakes, and floods, which are the
very processes that have helped to create our natural splendor. We need to
be ready to react and, if possible, prevent natural catastrophes from
becoming tragedies.
We also envision a coordinated law and code enforcement presence so that
we will be safe in our homes, places of business, schools, and
neighborhoods.
11. Important Note on the Vision
We cannot realize the Vision by ourselves. The Vision will require close
collaboration among the residents of San Bernardino, private businesses,
community leaders, school districts, and neighboring cities, to name a few.
Our high expectations and goals, which are administered by the City,
ongoing public-private partnerships, and interactive and responsive public
communication, will sustain San Bernardino's visionary course. In short,
our Vision can only be achieved if it motivates key decision makers and
stakeholders to persist in actions that carry out the policies in this plan.
City of San Bernardino
Q:\SBC-15.0GIGeneral PlanlPubfic Hearjna Draft\()1 _lnfrM"rrinnIITPr _ t:Rr_1O; 1......nr<..~"M ..._
LAND USE
chapter 2.
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Chapter 2. Land Use
INTRODUCTION
The way in which our land is used provides the most vivid impression of
San Bernardino. Our pattern ofland uses transitions from predominantly
industrial near the Santa Ana River and the San Bernardino International
Airport and Trade Center to predominantly residential toward the
mountains, with a substantial commercial and industrial core at the center.
The intensity and mixture ofland uses play an important role as well,
reflecting considerable diversity in this community of almost 200,000
people. The demands placed upon the land by the existing uses and others
planned in the future account for the City's extensive infrastructure: roads,
sewers, drainage, utilities, parks, and myriad other facilities and services.
Most of these support functions consume a lot of land, as well as
accommodating the personnel who provide essential public services.
It is fortunate that the City has almost exclusive responsibility and
authority for guiding and regulating land uses (there are a few exceptions,
but they account for only a small part of our land resources). The most
common tools used to perform this important local function include this
General Plan and a variety of local ordinances. Of these, the Development
Code, for regulating land use, and the subdivision ordinance, for creating
building sites, are the most influential.
Purpose
The Land Use Element functions as a guide to planners, the general
public, and decision makers as to our ultimate pattern of development. It
designates general site development standards and the distribution,
location, and extent of land uses, such as housing, business, industry, open
space, natural resources, recreation, and public/quasi-public uses. The
Land Use Element also discusses the standards of residential density and
non-residential intensity for the various land use designations.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-Is Ch 02 Land Use.doc
2 Land Use
2-1
2-2
The General Plan Land Use Map captures and communicates the City's
long-term desires for the future use and development of their land
resources.
Relationship to Other Elements
Ofthe general plan elements required by State law, the Land Use Element
has the broadest scope. Since it governs how land is to be utilized, many
of the issues and policies contained in other plan Elements are linked in
some degree to this Element. For example, the Circulation Element
defines policies for the accommodation of vehicular and other trips
generated by the population and uses permitted by the Land Use Element.
Similarly, the location and density of uses prescribed by this Element are
influenced by policies for the protection of environmental resources
prescribed by the Natural Resources and Conservation Element. It is
important to note, however, that the Elements are equal in terms of the
requirement to comply with their policies.
1. Area Plans
Area plans are distinct components of general plans that address smaller
geographical areas. Basically, an area plan refines the policies ofthe
general plan as they apply to smaller geographic areas but have the same
authority as general plans. The General Plan contains one Area Plan, the
Verdemont Heights Area Plan, which is described later in this chapter.
Relationship to Land Use Regulatory
Documents
1. Zoning
Zoning is a primary mechanism for implementing the General Plan. It
provides the detailed regulations pertaining to permitted and conditional
uses, site development standards, and performance criteria to implement
the goals and policies of the General Plan. San Bernardino's Development
Code (Title 19 of the San Bernardino Municipal Code) was adopted in
May 1991 and has been periodically revised since that time. In particular,
the Land Use Element establishes the primary basis for consistency with
the City's Development Code.
The City's Zoning map corresponds with the General Plan designations.
One or more of the zoning districts established in the City's Development
Code corresponds to each of the General Plan Land Use Designations.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
Appendix 8 contains a matrix that describes the relationship between the
General Plan Land Use Designations and the Zoning Districts.
The Development Code and Zoning Map are available at the City of San
Bernardino Development Services Department.
2. Specific Plans
Specific plans provide focused guidance and regulation for particular
areas. They generally include a land use plan, circulation plan,
infrastructure plan, development standards, design guidelines, phasing
plan, financing plan, and implementation plan. Specific Plans provide
either detailed policy guidance or zoning level regulation.
San Bernardino has eight approved specific plans governing land use
development in designated areas throughout the City. The specific plans
listed below on Table LU-I and are depicted on the Land Use Map
included in this Element. The Specific Plans can be obtained at the City
of San Bernardino Development Services Department.
Table LU-l
Approved Specific Plans
City of San Bernardino
Arrowhead Springs Specific Plan
CALMA T (AKA. Cajon Creek Specific Plan)
Highland Hills Specific Plan
Paradise Hills Specific Plan
Paseo Las Placitas Specific Plan (Also known as the Mt. Vernon Corridor Specific Plan)
San Bernardino International Trade Center Specific Plan
University District Specific Plan
University Business Park Specific Plan
3. Redevelopment Plans
Through redevelopment, cities have the power to turn blighted,
deteriorating areas into revitalized, productive community assets. The
City of San Bernardino has a comprehensive and diverse redevelopment
program currently containing ten redevelopment project areas. These
include:
· Central City Projects
· Central City North
· Central City West
City of San Bernardino
2-3
Airport Noise Contours
and Safety Zones
As of the writing of this
General Plan, the Airport
Master Plan and the
Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) for SBIA were
in the process of being
prepared and the Airport
was operating under an
Interim Airport Operating
Plan. As a consequence, the
precise noise contours and
safety zones were not
available to include in this
Plan. However, relative
policies have been included
in the General Plan. In
addition, the Airport Land
Use Compatibility Plan for
the SBIA was not available
for use in this Plan. Upon
adoption of the Airport
Master Plan and CLUP, the
new noise and safety zones
will be incorporated into the
General Plan and the
Airport Land Use
Compatibility Plan analyzed
for relative information.
2-4
. State College
. Southeast Industrial Park
. Northwest
. Tri City
. South Valle
. Uptown
. Mt. Vernon Corridor
Locations of each project area and a more thorough discussion of
redevelopment in San Bernardino is addressed in the Economic
Development Element.
4. San Bernardino County General Plan
Cities are allowed to plan for unincorporated areas adjacent to their
boundaries that are logical extensions of their future growth and possible
candidates for annexation. However, until annexation occurs, these lands
within the City's sphere of influence remain under the governance of San
Bernardino County and its General Plan. The City of San Bernardino's
sphere of influence includes 6,549 acres and is shown on the General Plan
Land Use (Figure LU-2).
5. San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center
The San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA) is
located in the southeastern edge ofthe City and represents one of the
greatest economic growth opportunities for the City of San Bernardino.
The SBIA includes two distinct components: 1) the airport portions (and
related facilities) ofthe former Norton Air Force Base, and 2) the Trade
Center, which encompasses the non-airport related portions of the former
base.
The airport related areas contain approximately 1,350 acres that are
managed by the San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA),
which is a Joint Powers Authority made up of representatives from the
cities of San Bernardino, Highland, Lorna Linda, Colton, and the County
of San Bernardino. The Trade Center is composed of two non-contiguous
areas of the former Norton Air Force Base totaling approximately 652
acres. The Trade Center is managed by the Inland Valley Development
Agency (IVDA), which is a Joint Powers Authority made up of
representatives from the cities of San Bernardino, Lorna Linda, Colton,
and the County of San Bernardino. The Trade Center is addressed in the
San Bernardino International Trade Center Specific Plan.
,
City of San Bernardino
The State Aeronautics Act ofthe California Public Utilities Code
establishes statewide requirements for the conduct of airport land use
compatibility planning and requires every county to create an Airport
Land Use Commission (ALUC) or other alternative. San Bernardino
County opted for an alternative to the ALUC and delegated responsibility
to prepare an Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan with each airport
proprietor.
The City has no direct authority over the SBIA. As such, the plans created
by the Airport, as well as federal and state regulation of aircraft activity,
are important to our land use planning. There are several documents
related to the SBIA that have particular relevance to San Bernardino: the
San Bernardino International Trade Center Specific Plan details land use,
infrastructure, circulation, and design plans for the non-aviation portions
of the Airport; the Airport Master Plan details the concept for the long-
term development of the Airport and displays the concept graphically and
in technical reports; and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP),
which is intended to provide for the orderly and safe development of both
the Airport and surrounding community and minimize noise and safety
conflicts.
In accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations, restrictions may apply
to some types of development proposed within the Airport's identified
safety and noise zones. These restrictions are addressed in the Land Use,
Circulation, and Noise Elements.
6. Annual Budget
The City's annual budget is the process by which City resources are
committed over the ensuing fiscal year. It is an ongoing means of
determining priorities and reallocating resources according to anticipated
near-term conditions. This is especially the case where the work entails a
major project or involves retaining consultants or specialists to augment
the staff. This aspect of budgeting complements the "hard"
implementation improvements reflected in the Capital Improvement
Program, which is also part of the annual budgeting process.
7. Capital Improvements Program
San Bernardino prepares a Capital Improvements Program, which serves
as a planning and budgeting mechanism for the major projects to be
undertaken by the City. This Program addresses projects for public works
and infrastructure installation, maintenance and repair, parks and
recreation services, and miscellaneous support services. The Program
must conform to the policy direction provided in the General Plan.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
SCAG's Regional
Transportation Plan (RTP)
The Southern California
Association of Governments
(SCAG) is required to
develop, maintain, and
update a RTP every three
years for the region of Los
Angeles, Orange, Ventura,
Imperial, Riverside, and San
Bernardino. As part of the
RTP, SCAG has proposed a
Regional Aviation Plan that
relies on the available
capacity at airfields in the
Inland Empire and north Los
, Angeles County to
: accommodate future air
j travel demand. The current
Regional Aviation Plan
, indicates that the SBIA is
forecast to serve 8.7 million
annual air passengers in
j 2030
:
2-5
Examples of the types of features
that represent our Vision:
specifically the San Bernardino
Mountains, the Arrowhead Credit
Union Park, Cinemastar Luxury
Theaters Empire 10, and the
California Theater.
2-6
ACHIEVING OUR VISION
The Land Use Element is responsive to our Vision because it represents
our stated desires to:
. Capitalize upon and enhance the City's many significant features,
such as San Bernardino Mountains, Santa Ana River, and Cajon
Wash; major educational institutions such as San Bernardino
Valley College and California State University, San Bernardino;
significant transportation facilities such as Interstates 10 and 215,
and State Routes 210,30 and 330 as well as historic Route 66; and
attractions such as the National Orange Show, Arrowhead Credit
Union Park, Little League Baseball Field, Community Youth
Soccer Association South Municipal Complex, the California
Theater, and the historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot area.
. Realize higher quality development;
. Ensure compatibility among land uses;
. Achieve a distinct personality and identity;
. Live our lives in safe neighborhoods and shopping areas;
. Enjoy attractive neighborhoods (both new and existing) that offer a
wide variety of residential product types appealing to our broad
spectrum of people;
. Revitalize our boulevards so that they offer a vibrant mix of well
designed land uses instead of a strip of faceless, deteriorating
commercial development;
. Achieve a revitalized and economically vibrant community;
.
Create a pedestrian friendly, active Downtown that reflects the
historic character of San Bernardino; and
.
Take pleasure in attractive amenities, such as parks, community
centers, cultural facilities, and open space that meet the needs of
our community.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
LAND USE PLAN
As required by state law, the General Plan must specify land uses and the
densitylintensity of development. Although not as specific as zoning
classifications, general plans are required to describe each land use
designation and include a diagram of the location of these uses. These
components, as well as a series of planning objectives that serve as the
foundation for the Land Use Plan (Figure LU-2), are included in this
section of the land use element.
land Use Designation System
The Land Use system for the City of San Bernardino is organized in a
three-tiered hierarchy, with each level of the hierarchy containing a
progressively more detailed level of land use guidance: The first and most
basic level is the Foundation Component Plan, the second level is the
General Plan Land Use map, and the third level is the Strategic Area Map.
1. Foundation Component Plan
The Foundation Component Plan (Figure LU-I) describers the
fundamental pattern ofland use in a generalized form. The purpose of this
map is to provide an understanding of the basic land use structure and not
to determine the specific land use on individual properties.
The Foundation Component Plan consists of nine broad land uses: Single
Family Residential, Multi-Family Residential, Commercial Office,
Commercial General, Commercial Regional, Commercial Heavy,
Industrial, Public Facility/Quasi Public, and Open Space. Each ofthese
Foundation Components is subdivided into more detailed land use
designations at the General Plan level.
City of San Bernardino
2-7
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2-8
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2 Land Use
2. General Plan Land Use Map
The General Plan Land Use Map (Figure LU-2) describes the distribution
ofland uses at a parcel specific level. The 33 land use designations shown
on this map further delineates the basic Foundation Component Plan
designations and contains the specific description of allowable uses and
development standards for each land use category.
A definition of each land use category, the allowable uses, and related
policies are contained in Table LU-2.
3. Strategic Area Map
The Strategic Area Map (Figure LU-5) describes districts of the City
where detailed policy guidance is tailored to address unique issues within
each area. This map reflects two strategic situations:
1) Areas where the goals and policies of the General Plan focus on
preservation and enhancement of existing neighborhoods and where
fundamental changes in the land use pattern are not anticipated or
desired.
2) Areas where change is either imminent and needs guidance or where
change is desired and needs stimulation and guidance.
Strategies have been tailored to address the specific needs and issues of
each Strategic Area. These strategies are contained in the Strategic Areas
section found at the end of this Element.
City of San Bernardino
2-11
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2-12
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Land Use Designations
Land use designations are provided to define the amount, type, and nature
of development that is allowed in a given location on the Land Use Plan.
The following table, Table LU-2, describes each of the land use
designations shown on the Land Use Plan, as well as the density and
intensity standards required in accordance with the California Government
Code. Examples ofthe types of development envisioned in each land use
category are shown on Figure LU-3, Illustrative Land Use Examples.
Each of the residential use categories includes a range of allowable
densities. The maximum density defines the maximum number of units
per adjusted gross acre! at which development can occur within a given
area. The determination of precise density, development location, and lot
coverage on any residential property is a function of: I) the provisions of
the General Plan that are intended to maximize public safety, achieve high
quality site planning and design, retain significant natural resources, and
ensure compatibility between uses; and 2) the building and development
standards contained in the Development Code, public works standards,
and other regulations and ordinances.
Each ofthe non-residential designations indicates a maximum level of
development intensity. The building intensity is measured by floor area
ratio (FAR). An FAR is the ratio of total net floor area of a building to the
total lot area. An FAR describes the intensity of the use on a site and not
the building height or site coverage. It does not include the area within
parking lots or parking structures.
I As detailed in Appendix 5, Methodology Report, adjusted gross acres do not include the
rights-of-way for roadways, flood control channels, or railroads.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-15
2-16
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Buildout Projections
The value in creating a land use map is to help plan for the ultimate future
levels of services and sizes/capacities of infrastructure. This is
accomplished by creating a set ofprojections based upon the land use
category and theoretical build-out (units, population, square footage, jobs)
for each land use category, See Table LU-3.
It is important to note, that no one can know with any level of certainty the
actual number of units, population, square footage, or jobs that will be
created in any area. Accordingly, in projecting out the potential build-out
of the City, certain assumptions are made. The assumptions that were
used in the projections for the General Pan are contained in Appendix 5.
Key among these is the assumption that both residential and non-
residential development (e.g. commercial, office, industrial) will not occur
at the maximum level, but at a level that is typical for San Bernardino and
that accounts for parking, streets, setbacks, and easements (see sidebar).
The typical buildout levels were determined by analyzing the density of
several recent approvals and aerial photographs and comparing them to the
maximum allowable densities. Most development over an acre did not
achieve the maximum allowable under the land use categories; in fact,
most were far below the maximum levels. Accordingly, an average range
was used to set a realistic buildout factor for residential, commercial, and
industrial uses.
Dwelling unit projections were estimated by multiplying the number of
acres by the maximum density for each land use designation. This result
was then reduced by the typical buildout factor (85%). Building square
footage for the non-residential land use designations were calculated by
multiplying the acres for each land use designation by the maximum FAR.
This result was then reduced by the typical buildout factor (60% for
commercial land uses and 70% for industrial land uses). These
adjustments account for the fact that buildout, on average, typically occurs
at less than the maximum density.
The City's total planning area encompasses 44,792 acres, or 70 square
miles. This includes 38,244 acres, or 60 square miles, of incorporated
City and 6,549 acres, or 10 square miles, of unincorporated lands within
the City's Sphere of Influence.
The City's planning area incorporates 35,357 acres ofland that can be
used or developed in some manner. This includes 18,792 total acres of
residential land uses, 10,117 total acres of business related land uses,
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
A Note on Buildout
Assumptions
The buildout assumptions in
this Plan are not based upon
the maximum density and
intensity levels for each land
use category, but on typical
development levels.
This accounts for variations in
project design, site conditions,
open spaces, and access and
parking requirements. These
factors result in built densities
and intensities that vary widely
from the high end of the range
to the low end. The use of an
average in the determining
buildout levels is intended to
account for these variations in
individual projects.
When reviewing individual
projects for consistency with
the General Plan, it is
important to ensure that a
project does not exceed the
maximum density/intensity in
each land use category.
When tracking the
performance of the General
Plan towards buildout, an
individual project should not
be used; instead a range of
proj ects in each land use
category should be used to
create an average level.
2-27
2-28
3,375 acres of public/quasi-public land uses, and 3,073 acres of open
space land uses (parks or permanent open spaces). The City's planning
area also includes 9,436 acres that are not able to be utilized for private
use or development, including flood control facilities, road rights-of-way,
and railroad rights-of-way.
Assuming buildout ofthe plan at the adjusted level, the land use plan
accommodates a total of 95,426 total units, which includes 81,333
dwelling units in the incorporated City and 14,093 dwelling units in the
City's sphere of influence. Based on a factor of3.340 persons per
household2, the projected population at buildout for the entire planning
area would be approximately 318,447 people, which includes 271,653
persons in the City and 46,794 persons in the City's sphere of influence.
Within the total planning area (incorporated plus sphere of influence), the
land use plan also provides for a total of 4,035 acres of commercial and
office uses, including 232 acres of mixed use development (accommodates
a mix of commercial, office, and higher density residential development),
and 6,082 acres oflight and general industrial uses. At build out, the land
use plan for the total planning area could generate approximately 352,564
jobs using the adjusted intensity factors (FARs).
2 As detailed in Appendix 5, Methodology Report, the Average Household Size of 3 .340
persons per household was derived from the January 2004 Department of Finance,
City/County Population and Housing Estimates.
City of San Bernardino
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I
N
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following section describes land use goals and policies that, in
conjunction with the Land Use Plan and accompanying density and
intensity standards, guide the future land development ofthe City. Goals
and policies are divided into two subsections: Citywide and Strategic Area
Goals and Policies.
In addition to these goals and policies, it is important to remember that the
other General Plan Elements and other planning tools such as zoning,
specific plans, and redevelopment plans provide additional land use
direction to achieve the quality of development desired by the City.
CITYWIDE GOALS AND POLICIES
The following Goals and Policies represent overarching desires and apply
to the entire City and Sphere ofInfluence. Distinction and variation from
these policies may be found in the Strategic Areas that address their
unique issues and conditions.
San Bernardino contains a wide range of neighborhoods accommodating
an assortment of lifestyles: from the urban downtown multifamily
dwellings, to student housing, to new and older suburban enclaves, to
hillside and golf course estates, to rural estates. Each neighborhood has,
or can have, its own unique character that is a source of pride for the
residents. Neighborhood character is defined by many factors: what the
neighborhood looks like, what it feels like, how well it is maintained, etc.
But more importantly, it is an image in the minds of those who live and
work there and in the perceptions of those who visit.
Some neighborhoods in San Bernardino are a source of pride for residents,
as reflected by the quality of their homes, the diversity of their residents,
the beauty of their streetscapes, and the availability of and access to, open
space and recreation opportunities. Other neighborhoods are in need of
assistance to help maintain, upgrade, and improve safety and aesthetics.
One thing is certain in the Vision for San Bernardino, there is a strong
desire to maintain, enhance, and improve the various neighborhoods in the
community.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-Is Ch 02 Land Use.doc
2 Land Use
2-33
2.1 Preserve and enhance San Bernardino's unique
______~~i_~~_~_~!~_~~9_~~________________________________ ________________
Policies:
2.1.1 Actively enforce development standards, design guidelines,
and policies to preserve and enhance the character of San
Bernardino's neighborhoods. (LU-1)
2.1.2 Require that new development with potentially adverse
impacts on existing neighborhoods or residents such as
noise, traffic, emissions, and storm water runoff, be located
and designed so that quality of life and safety in existing
neighborhoods are preserved. (LU-1)
2.1.3 Encourage future development to provide public spaces
that foster social interaction. (LU-1)
2.1.4 Provide assistance in the form of grants, loans, home-
improvement efforts, coordinated code and law
enforcement, public right-of-way maintenance and
enhancement, and trash collection to help improve San
Bernardino's residential neighborhoods. (LU-1 and LU-3)
2.1.5 Ensure compliance with maintenance and development
standards through the rigorous enforcement of Code
Enforcement and Safety standards. (LU-5)
San Bernardino is a diverse community, which, as it has developed over
many years, contains a rich mixture of residential, industrial,
entertainment, office, and commercial land uses. A number of uses,
including industrial, commercial, and transportation facilities, can have
potentially adverse effects upon residential neighborhoods, sensitive
habitat areas, medical facilities, and schools. Achieving compatibility
between these various uses is a delicate process, especially when these
uses are located in close proximity to one another. Due to the historic
development pattern of San Bernardino, residential land uses are
interspersed among or adjacent to uses that can generate adverse impacts.
The potential impacts of commercial, industrial, and transportation
facilities, which are vital to San Bernardino's economy and many of which
are not under the City's jurisdiction, must be balanced with the needs of
2-34
City of San Bernardino
residential neighborhoods. Site planning, orientation of uses on site,
buffering between adjacent properties, coordination with outside agencies
and jurisdictions, and the limitation of noise and emissions, are necessary
to achieve compatibility between the range of uses in the City.
Within the City's Sphere of Influence are several areas, such as Muscoy
and Arrowhead Suburban Farms, which are currently under the County of
San Bernardino's jurisdiction. Coordination between the City and the
County are necessary to ensure developments that are compatible with the
City's standards.
2.2
Promote development that integrates with and
. ...m_______l!li~i_~i~~~!~pac!~__()_~_s~~~().~..~_~_~~~_1~_~.~...~~~_~:__._
Policies:
2.2.1 Ensure compatibility between land uses and quality design
through adherence to the standards and regulations in the
Development Code and policies and guidelines in the
Community Design Element. (LV-I)
2.2.2 Require new uses to provide mitigation or buffers between
existing uses where potential adverse impacts could occur,
including, as appropriate, decorative walls, landscape
setbacks, restricted vehicular access, enclosure of parking
structures to prevent sound transmission, and control of
lighting and ambient illumination. (LV-I)
2.2.3 Sensitively integrate regionally beneficial land uses such as
transportation corridors, flood control systems, utility
corridors, and recreational corridors into the community.
(LV-l and CD-I)
2.2.4 Hillside development and development adjacent to natural
areas shall be designed and landscaped to preserve natural
features and habitat and protect structures from the threats
from natural disasters, such as wildfires and floods. (LV-I)
2.2.5 Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with Caltrans,
the railroads, and other agencies to help minimize impacts
and improve aesthetics of their facilities and operations;
including possible noise walls, berms, limitation on hours
and types of operations, landscaped setbacks and decorative
walls along its periphery.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-35
2-36
2.2.6
Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the County
of San Bernardino to conform development projects within
the City's sphere of influence to the City's General Plan.
(LU-2)
2.2.7
Control the development of industrial and similar uses that
use, store, produce or transport toxics, air emissions, and
other pollutants. (LU-I)
2.2.8
Control the location and number of community-sensitive
uses, such as alcohol sales, adult bookstores and
businesses, game arcades, and similar uses based on
proximity to residences, schools, religious facilities, and
parks. (LU-I)
2.2.9
Require Police Department review of uses that may be
characterized by high levels of noise, nighttime patronage,
and/or rates of crime; providing for the conditioning or
control of use to prevent adverse impacts on adjacent
residences, schools, religious facilities, and similar
"sensitive" uses. (LU -1)
2.2.10
The protection ofthe quality oflife shall take precedence
during the review of new projects. Accordingly, the City
shall utilize its discretion to deny or require mitigation of
projects that result in impacts that outweigh benefits to the
public. (LU-I)
San Bernardino is blessed with a rich mixture of significant features and
distinct areas, such as the San Bernardino Mountains, a vibrant downtown,
a baseball stadium, a rich cultural heritage, and two universities.
Unfortunately, these features are often overshadowed by the presence of
deteriorating strip commercial, unattractive signage, vacant housing, and
poorly maintained and dilapidated structures. In addition, San Bernardino
has evolved over time without a defined strategy for the organization of
land uses, building forms, open spaces and linkages. Consequently, a
number of districts are poorly defined or inadequately linked to adjacent
ones. It also difficult to determine when you have entered or left the City,
which is partly due to confusing jurisdictional boundaries and
unincorporated islands, as well as to the lack of a unifying theme. Man
made "edges" (e.g. Santa Fe Railroad, rail yards, 1-215, and 1-10) tend to
City of San Bernardino
isolate different districts from one another. These edges deserve special
attention in creating clear linkages.
Connecting, blending, and marketing the gems of the community and
creating recognizable places where people can gather, shop, and socialize
is an important ingredient in achieving the Vision. In addition to the
Strategic Policy Areas detailed at the end of this chapter, the following
goal and policies are intended to capitalize on our City's unique qualities.
2.3
Create and enhance dynamic, recognizable places for
S<:l~.~~E~~T~.i_~.<:>:.~_E~_s_i9_~~!~!~!!1pl.<:>Y_~~~!.<:lfl.~~i~it()~~~_
Policies:
2.3.1 Commercial centers, open spaces, educational facilities,
and recreational facilities should be linked to residential
neighborhoods. (LU-l)
2.3.2 Promote development that is compact, pedestrian-friendly,
and served by a variety of transportation options along
major corridors and in key activity areas. (LU-l)
2.3.3 Entries into the City and distinct neighborhoods should be
well defined or highlighted to help define boundaries and
act as landmarks. (CD-l and CD-3)
2.3.4 Develop a cohesive theme for the entire City as well as
sub-themes for neighborhoods to provide identity, help
create a sense of community, and add to the City's
personality. (CD-l and CD-3)
2.3.5 Capitalize on cultural events, such as the Route 66
Rendezvous, to help market and build a distinct identity for
the City.
2.3.6
Circulation system improvements shall continue to be
pursued that facilitate connectivity across freeway and rail
corridors. (C-l)
2.3.7 Improvements shall be made to transportation corridors that
promote physical connectivity and reflect consistently high
aesthetic values. (CD-I)
2.3.8 Continue to enhance Hospitality Lane as a major shopping
and office center for the City. (CD-3)
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
In 2003, the Route 66 Rendezvous
attracted over 2,100 cars and over
550,000 spectators.
2-37
2-38
2.3.9 Facilitate the improvement and expansion of the National
Orange Show, including the formulation of a master plan
that addresses on-site and surrounding uses, access, and
design. (CD-3)
San Bernardino has a wide range of structural conditions, level of property
maintenance, and quality of development. San Bernardino also contains
many historically critical corridors that, as new freeways have developed
and the economy changed, have declined in vitality and appearance.
Consequently, there is a considerable amount of underutilized properties,
marginal uses, and vacant lands in the City. Fortunately, this also means
that there is a considerable amount of development potential in the City.
This potential can be realized through the development of vacant lands
and the intensification and rehabilitation of existing development to
become more productive.
However, the City has many historical and cultural assets that must be
recognized as revitalization occurs. Protecting and building upon San
Bernardino's assets to capitalize on current and future growth dynamics
will require redevelopment and revitalization strategies to enhance
existing uses and bring new development to the City. A more thorough
discussion of redevelopment as an economic development strategy is
addressed in the Economic Development Element. The following goal
and policies are focused on land use.
This General Plan focuses economic development potential along key
corridors and in selected activity centers. This is accomplished through
the Strategic Area Overlay districts described later in this Element. One
of the key strategies represented by the Strategic Area Overlay system in
this Plan is simply to recognize, enhance, and promote the gems that exist
in the community so that a positive image can be regained. In addition,
the Plan focuses on creating distinct, discernible "places" of varied sizes,
functions, and complexity. By this means, economic activity can be
stimulated to reinforce itself: achieving greater private sector profit, public
benefit, and sustainability over the long haul. Existing magnets for
development can therefore be made much more attractive and, over time,
stimulate an improved living environment.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2.4
. _... . m. ._.. __ ____..................._..._..___........................._....__.___.__n............ ............... __.__"_ _n______.._._..................__m. ..... ............ ......._.._--
Enhance the quality of life and economic vitality in
San Bernardino by strategic infill of new development
a!"l_~~~~!!~liz._~t_!o_!"l_()X..~'5.i~ting_~~\,I~J~PE!"l~I1~_:_m__________________
Policies:
2.4.1 Quality infill development shall be accorded a high priority
in the commitment of City resources and available funding.
2.4.2 Continue to provide special incentives and improvement
programs to revitalize deteriorated housing stock,
residential neighborhoods, major business corridors, and
employment centers. (LU-3 and LU-4)
2.4.3 Where necessary to stimulate the desired mix and intensity
of development, land use flexibility and customized site
development standards shall be achieved through various
master-planning devices such as specific plans, planned
development zoning, and creative site planning. (LU-l)
2.4.4 Protect large parcels that front onto freeways and
commercial corridors from subdivision into smaller parcels.
2.4.5 Explore the creative use of powerline easements and other
utility easements for economically viable uses.
Due to the age of San Bernardino and the numerous periods in which
development has occurred, there is a wide range in the quality of
developments. Some projects are exemplary illustrations of what to
achieve and others of what to avoid. Our Vision is clear in this; the
citizens of San Bernardino want developments that are of a high value
with a careful attention to detail. We also want properties to be
maintained at ahigh level to help improve the image of San Bernardino.
A more detailed discussion of aesthetic quality is provided in the Urban
Design Element. The policies in this Element focus on the land use
aspects of quality development.
City of San Bernardino
2-39
-....-.......-....-.....-.---.-.--...--.....-..-.-..----.-.--...-....---_......_...._-----_..._-_._--~-_........__.......... ..... - - .-.-..-...-..-.-.....-.......--.-.......-----.......
2.5
Enhance the aesthetic quality of land uses and
structures in San Bernardino.
_..__......-....__..._..__.._--~---_._-_..._------------_....._.......---...-... ......-..--........-.........,.....................-.--....-...
Policies:
2.5.1 Use code enforcement in coordination with all relevant City
departments to reverse deterioration and achieve acceptable
levels of development quality. These efforts should focus
on structural maintenance and rehabilitation, debris and
weed removal, property maintenance, and safety. (LU-4
and LU-5)
2.5.2 Continue collaboration with the San Manuel Indians and
County of San Bernardino to achieve acceptable
development quality within San Bernardino's sphere of
influence.
2.5.3 Partner with the San Manuel Indians to jointly promote
opportunities in the area and to address the needs of future
developments in areas surrounding tribal lands.
2.5.4 Require that all new structures achieve a high level of
architectural design and provide a careful attention to
detail. (LU-I)
2.5.5 Provide programs that educate residential and commercial
property owners and tenants regarding methods for the
maintenance and upkeep oftheir property. (LU-5)
2.5.6 Require that new developments be designed to complement
and not devalue the physical characteristics of the
surrounding environment, including consideration of:
a. The site's natural topography and vegetation;
b. Surrounding exemplary architectural design styles;
c. Linkages to pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian paths;
d. The use of consistent fencing and signage;
e. The provision of interconnecting greenbelts and
community amenities, such as clubhouses, health clubs,
tennis courts, and swimming pools;
f. The use of building materials, colors, and forms that
contribute to a "neighborhood" character;
g. The use of extensive site landscaping;
2-40
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
h. The use of consistent and well designed street signage,
building signage, and entry monumentation;
1. A variation in the setbacks of structures;
J. The inclusion of extensive landscape throughout the
site and along street frontages;
k. The articulation of building facades to provide interest
and variation by the use of offset planes and cubic
volumes, building details, balconies, arcades, or
recessed or projecting windows, and other techniques
which avoid "box"-like structures;
1. The integration of exterior stairways into the
architectural design;
m. The screening of rooftop mechanical equipment;
n. The use of a consistent design through the use of
unifying architectural design elements, signage,
lighting, and pedestrian areas;
o. The provision of art and other visual amenities;
p. The inclusion of awnings, overhangs, arcades, and other
architectural elements to provide protection from sun,
rain, and wind; and
q. The location of parking at the rear, above, or below the
ground floor of non-residential buildings to enhance
pedestrian connectivity. (LU-I)
San Bernardino has an unusual array of historic and environmental
resources. The citizens of San Bernardino share a strong desire to
minimize the potential impacts of future development on these resources,
especially in hillside, mountainous, and sensitive habitat areas. Conserving
the significant features ofthese land and history can enhance the City's
quality of life, help maintain a rural feeling in certain areas, and balance
the need for development with related environmental qualities.
City of San Bernardino
2-41
..._.._--_._..._._._--------_..._-------------_.............~ ....-....-.......-.-...-...-....----
2.6
Control development and the use of land to minimize
adverse impacts on significant natural, historic,
cultural, habitat, and hillside resources.
Policies:
2.6.1 Hillside development and development adjacent to natural
areas shall be designed and sited to maintain the character
of the City's significant open spaces and historic and
cultural landmarks. (LlJ-l)
2.6.2 Balance the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with
the need for new development through site plan review and
enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA). (LlJ-l)
2.6.3 Capitalize on the recreational and environmental resources
offered by the Santa Ana River and Cajon Wash by
requiring the dedication and development of pedestrian and
greenbelt linkages. (LU-l and PRT-3)
2.6.4 Work with project proponents to allow the adaptive reuse
of historic structures, especially as professional offices and
medical uses. (LU-l)
With population growth and urban activity continuing to increase,
developments will require further investments in the maintenance,
rehabilitation, and provision of capital improyements such as new and
improved roads, utilities, parks, libraries, community centers, schools, and
other public uses and services necessary to support a quality urban life.
Urban activity is highly dependent upon the availability of adequate water
supplies. While many cities in Southern California are in short supply of
water resources, such is not the case in San Bernardino. Due to large
levels of underground water, the water must be contained to control
flooding and reduce the threat of liquefaction. The City is in need of
additional water storage facilities and must address the contamination of
its ground water.
2-42
City of San Bernardino
2.7
Provide for the development and maintenance of
public infrastructure and services to support existing
and future residents, businesses, recreation, and
other uses.
Policies:
2.7.1 Enhance and expand drainage, sewer, and water
supply/storage facilities to serve new development and
intensification of existing lands. (V-I)
2.7.2 Work with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water
District to create additional water storage capacity and take
advantage ofthe abundant water supplies. (V-I)
2.7.3 Continue to explore opportunities, such as water themed
uses, to financially capitalize on the City's water resources
to enhance the City's image. (V-I)
2.7.4 Reserve lands for the continuation and expansion of public
streets and highways in accordance with the Master Plan of
Highways. (C-3)
2.7.5 Require that development be contingent upon the ability of
public infrastructure to provide sufficient capacity to
accommodate its demands and mitigate its impacts. (LV-I)
A more thorough discussion of safety related issues and policies can be
found in Safety and Public Facilities and Services Elements. The focus of
the following policies is on the land use aspects of safety.
San Bernardino is crisscrossed by major earthquake fault lines and flood
channels, which must be considered in new developments and design
standards. The threat of wildland fires is a concern in the hillsides, with
the situation aggravated by high winds in the area. With the occurrence of
an earthquake along the San Andreas, San Jacinto, or Glen Helen/Lorna
Linda faults, much of the City is susceptible to liquefaction, particularly
due to the City's high water tables.
The City has experienced a relatively high crime rate in the past, which
resulted in severely negative economic, image and social impacts.
However, between 1993 and 1999 the crime rate dropped by 50.5%. This
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-43
Airport Related Policies in
our General Plan
The San Bernardino
International Airport
(SBIA) influences many
aspects of our community:
from land use and
economics, to circulation,
noise, and safety.
Accordingly, see related
discussions/policies in the
Strategic Policy Areas
Section of this Chapter, as
well as the Circulation
(Chapter 6) and Noise
(Chapter 14) Chapters.
2-44
was accomplished through community policing, proactive community
efforts such as the Neighborhood Watch program, and the use of building
designs that enhance safety and improved lighting.
As the City grows, the Fire and Police Departments must be able to keep
pace and new developments must be designed and sited to enhance safety.
2.8
Protect the life and property of residents, businesses,
and visitors to the City of San Bernardino from crime
and the hazards of flood, fire, seismic risk, and
_m________lig~~f.,,!ction_~____________________.________.__
Policies:
2.8.1 Ensure that all structures comply with seismic safety
provisions and building codes. (LU-I)
2.8.2 Ensure that design and development standards
appropriately address the hazards posed by wildfires and
wind, with particular focus on the varying degrees of these
threats in the foothills, valleys, ridges, and the southern and
western flanks of the San Bernardino Mountains. (LU-I
and A-I)
2.8.3 Encourage projects to incorporate the Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and defensible
space techniques to help improve safety. (LU-I)
2.8.4
Control the development of industrial and other uses that
use, store, produce, or transport toxics, air emissions, and
other pollutants. (LU-I)
As discussed earlier, we are fortunate to have the San Bernardino
International Airport (SBIA) within in our City. The SBIA provides us
with superb access for businesses to people and goods, multi-modal
transportation opportunities, new employment opportunities, and increased
visibility for our community. The San Bernardino International Trade
Center Specific Plan details the desired land uses, development standards,
and design guidelines for the area immediately adjacent to the SBIA.
However, the Airport also brings issues of compatibility, noise, safety,
pollution, and traffic. The benefits ofthe Airport must be balanced with
City of San Bernardino
these concerns to provide a desirable quality oflife for all our citizens.
We have a responsibility limit/eliminate land use conflicts, minimize noise
impacts, ensure our safety, and protect the Airport and its airspace. The
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and the Airport Master Plan are
the technical documents that guide our planning efforts in these regards.
These documents describe the noise contours, safety zones, appropriate
land uses, maximum population density, maximum site coverage,
maximum height, and area of required notification/disclosure in and
around the Airport.
2.9 Protect the airspace of the San Bernardino
International Airport and minimize related noise and
.._..___.....__._...__.~~!~!y.!!!' pac~~.~~~~!{;!!!~_e.!:1.~..~.':'~~usin~~~.~~~__.____
Policies:
2.9.1 Require that all new development be consistent with the
adopted Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the San
Bernardino International Airport and ensure that no
structures or activities encroach upon or adversely affect
the use of navigable airspace. (LU-l)
2.9.2 Refer any adoption or amendment of this General Plan,
specific plan, zoning ordinance, or building regulation
within the planning boundary of the adopted
Comprehensive Airport Master Plan for the SBIA to the
airport authority as provided by the Airport Land Use Law.
(LU-l)
2.9.3 Limit the type of development, population density,
maximum site coverage, and height of structures as
specified in the applicable safety zones in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and as shown
on Figure LU-4. (LU-l)
2.9.4 Limit the development of sensitive land uses (e.g.
residential, hospitals, schools) within the 65 decibel (dB)
Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) contour, as
shown on Figure LU-4. (LU-l)
2.9.5 Ensure that the height of structures do not impact navigable
airspace, as defined in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan
for the SBIA. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-45
2-46
2.9.6
As required by State Law for real estate transactions within
the Airport Influence Area, as shown on Figure LU-4,
require notification/disclosure statements to alert potential
buyers and tenants ofthe presence of and potential impacts
from the San Bernardino International Airport. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
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2 Land Use
This Section focuses on the administration of the General Plan.
Administration of the General Plan includes establishing, maintaining, and
applying tools and procedures for interpreting the intent of the General
Plan and applying that interpretation.
2.10 Actively apply, enforce, and utilize the General Plan in
..............t~~..~~.Y=~~.=9.~y~~!iyi!i~.~~f.!~~_.Q.i~~._....__...__..___._______
Policies:
2.10.1
2.10.2
Ensure that all decisions related to the physical
development and growth of the City of San Bernardino
complies with the General Plan. Specifically, the
provisions of this plan shall be applied to the following:
a. Proposed private development projects;
b. Proposed public works projects in support ofland
development or preservation (Government Code
Section 65401);
c. Proposed acquisition or disposal of public land
(Government Code Section 65401); and
d. Adoption of ordinances and standards for implementing
General Plan land use designations, especially through
the Development Code.
Permit amendments to the General Plan in accordance with
the following:
a. Technical Amendments - involves changes that do not
alter the basic assumptions or policy direction of the
plan and only involve changes of a technical nature
(corrections to statistics; mapping error corrections;
editorial clarifications that do not change the intent of
the General Plan) may be approved by the Development
Services Director as necessary.
b. MappingIPolicy Amendment - involves changes in land
use designations, basic assumptions, the vision, or
policies and requires approval by the Mayor and
Common Council and a recommendation by the
Planning Commission. (LU-l)
City of San Bernardino
2-49
2-50
2.10.3
Ensure that residents of San Bernardino have the
opportunity to provide input to the determination of future
land use development that may significantly affect the
character and quality oflife.
City of San Bernardino
STRATEGIC POLICY AREAS
This section of the Land Use Element provides specialized goals and
policies, in addition to those identified earlier, which address specific
areas ofthe City. Together with the other elements of the General Plan,
specific plans, the Development Code, and ongoing neighborhood and
capital improvement programs, the policies of the Strategic Areas are
intended to help create, preserve, revitalize, and enhance selected areas of
the City.
The Strategic Area Map (Figure LU-5) describes the locations of the
Strategic Areas. The boundaries on this map are intended to be general in
nature and not precise. Instead, the map depicts general areas where a
desired outcome is sought. Application ofthe strategies to adjacent
parcels is appropriate if that action contributes to the desired outcome of
the Strategic Area commensurate with costs and impacts.
The Strategic Policy Areas include two basic distinctions: areas where
enhancement is desired but changes in the land use pattern are not
anticipated or desired and those areas where change is desired and merits
guidance and/or stimulation. These two areas are described as follows:
1. Urban Conservation and Enhancement Areas. Areas where the
goals and policies of the General Plan focus on preservation and
enhancement of existing neighborhoods and where fundamental
changes in the land use pattern are not anticipated or desired.
These areas are subject to the goals and policies of the General
Plan.
2. Strategic Areas. Areas where change is either imminent and needs
stimulation/guidance or where change is desired and needs
stimulation/guidance.
Each Strategic Policy Area contains a brief description of the physical
conditions and issues followed by a set of Strategies. Strategies are
unique structural aspects of the Strategic Policy Areas. Strategies are
similar to the Policies contained in other parts ofthe General Plan but are
focused on initiative. Whereas the rest of the General Plan is a
combination of general initiatives and ongoing reactions of proposals,
Strategies are intended to result in actions and provide direction to
influence each particular proposal.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-51
This page intentionally left blank
2-52
City of San Bernardino
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Urban Conservation and Enhancement Area
The lands identified in the Urban Conservation and Enhancement Area
account for the vast majority ofthe planning area. The Urban
Conservation and Enhancement Area is not intended to undergo a
fundamental change in the land use pattern. Instead, the focus of this
Strategic Area is on stability and quality assurance. Strategies are aimed
at enhancing and improving the existing uses. The policies and
implementation measures in this General Plan and the Neighborhood
Improvement Program guide the enhancement of this Strategic Area.
Strategic Areas
The intent of these Strategic Areas is to achieve a fundamental change in
the land use pattern or quality of development. These areas are identified
because change is either imminent and needs guidance or is desired and
needs guidance and/or stimulation.
1. San Bernardino Valley College Strategic Area
San Bernardino Valley College Strategic Area is located in the
southwestern portion of the City and is generally bounded by the City of
Colton on the west and south, Mill Street on the north, and K Street on the
east.
The San Bernardino Valley College, the centerpiece of this area, is a
community college with an enrollment of approximately 10,000 students.
The college is a major community feature that can be capitalized upon as a
catalyst for growth and improvement in the area, as well as a positive
marketing tool for the City as a whole. The intent of the strategies in this
Strategic Area are to interconnect and unify the district through the use of
. cohesive design, landscaping, and signage, enhanced pedestrian
connections, and improved parking conditions. A fundamental tenant of
this Strategic Area is to preserve the flexibility of the campus to grow and
change while improving the aesthetic conditions and connectivity of the
District.
Stratef!ies
1. Partner with San Bernardino Valley College and the City of Colton
to:
a) Prepare design and landscaping guidelines for the major street
frontages within the San Bernardino Valley College influence
area.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
2-55
2-56
b) Improve on-campus parking and reduce college related parking
in the adjacent residential neighborhoods.
c) Explore opportunities for off-campus parking on the vacant
parcels to the west of Mount Vernon Avenue and joint use
parking in the commercial center on the southwestern comer of
Mount V ernon Avenue and Mill Street.
d) Improve the pedestrian connectivity to the adjacent commercial
uses.
2. Improve entry monumentation and install landscaping to identify
this area as an entry into the City of San Bernardino.
3. Partner with the San Bernardino Valley College to:
a) Promote activities and events.
b) Promote the City and the college.
c) Address access and parking issues.
d) Address campus security.
e) Explore opportunities for future campus expansion and areas
for a development partnership. For instance, the College and
City could acquire, develop, and lease the commercial property
on the comer of Mill Street and Mount Vernon Avenue. This
property could become a revenue generator and house a
campus village that consisted of the aircraft maintenance
facilities, offices, a conference center, student parking, and
student oriented commercial uses. The commercial uses on site
could be incorporated into the campus village.
4.
Develop a neighborhood revitalization program that helps the
surrounding residential areas to improve their appearance and
incorporate the design and landscape guidelines developed for the
area. The revitalization program should address landscaping,
lighting, facade improvements, and safety (e.g. Neighborhood
Watch programs).
5.
Partner with San Bernardino Valley College, and potentially the
Building Industry Association and Chamber of Commerce, to
develop a curriculum that addresses neighborhood revitalization,
City of San Bernardino
household maintenance, improvements, and facade improvements.
Utilize the class to help improve the surrounding neighborhood.
2. Santa Fe Depot Strategic Area
The Santa Fe Depot Strategic Area is located in the western portion of the
City, immediately west of Downtown and Interstate 215. The Strategic
Area is bounded on the northern end by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe
Railroad line, on the south by Rialto Avenue, on the east by Interstate 215,
and on the west by Viaduct and Giovanola Avenues.
The centerpiece of this Strategic Area is the Historic Santa Fe Depot, a
three-story mission style structure with four distinctive Moorish domes
and a 380-foot long arch colonnade. Because ofthe role the Depot played
in the City's history and its distinctive architectural style, the Depot is a
designated historic structure. The Depot site also contains a Metro Link
station and Park-N-Ride lot. Surrounding the Depot is a mixture of
commercial, industrial, and residential uses that have little relationship or
physical connection with the Depot itself.
The goal of the Strategic Area is to integrate the Depot with the
surrounding neighborhood and create an identifiable district, help the
surrounding businesses become more economically viable, and improve
the aesthetics of the area.
Stratel!ies
1. Implement the Historic Depot District Concept Improvement Plan.
2. Connect and physically integrate the surrounding uses with the
Depot through design, landscaping, entry features, and pedestrian
pathways, to create a distinctive character as outlined in the
Historic Depot District Concept Improvement Plan.
3. Assist in the creation ofa railroad museum to house the historic 4-
84 locomotive No. 3751. Assistance from the City can be
provided through assistance in finding an adequate site, waiving
permitting fees, and fast tracking the approval process.
4. Identify businesses that would benefit from San Bernardino's
cluster of rail, transportation, and freight related services and
develop and implement a plan to promote and encourage such
businesses to locate in San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
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3. Redlands Boulevard Strategic Area
The Redlands Boulevard Strategic Area is located in the southern tip of
the City, just south of the 10 Freeway. The Strategic Area is bounded by
Redlands Boulevard on the north, the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe
Railway (BNSF) Railroad on the South, the City of Colton on the west,
and the Gage Canal and City of Lorna Linda on the East. Waterman
A venue bisects the Strategic Area into eastern and western halves and
provides direct freeway access.
Despite the proximity to and direct access from the 10 Freeway, the
Strategic Area suffers from a lack of visibility from the freeway. In
addition, the 10 Freeway separates the Strategic Area from the rest of the
City and the area tends to relate more to Lorna Linda and Colton than the
rest of the San Bernardino.
This area has been identified as a Strategic Area because of the need to
help businesses remain economically robust and to attract viable uses that
will help strengthen the City's tax base.
Strate/des
1. In addition to the underlying land uses, allow a mixture of regional
serving commercial, light industrial, religious, and office uses in
the Redlands Boulevard Strategic Area.
2. Ensure screening and buffering between the Strategic Area and the
residential communities to the south.
3. Collaborate with the Chamber of Commerce to assist the
businesses in the Strategic Area with their marketing efforts.
4. Through the public review process, modify the standards for the
size and placement of signage to allow businesses an opportunity
to increase their visibility from the freeway.
4. Tippecanoe Strategic Area
The Tippecanoe Strategic Area is located in the central portion of the City,
south and west of the San Bernardino International Airport. The
Tippecanoe Strategic Area is generally bound by Baseline and RiaIto
Streets on the north, the Santa Ana River on the south, Arrowhead and
W aterman Avenues on the west, and Tippecanoe Avenue on the east. The
boundaries of the Strategic Area include portions of the City of Highland
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
between 3rd and 5th Streets in order to foster cooperation with the City of
Highland for this critical area.
This area has been identified as a Strategic Area because of the need to
address the area's infrastructure needs, to help the area to capitalize upon
adjacent economic opportunities, such as the San Bernardino International
Airport, improve the area's aesthetics, improve the circulation system, to
redevelop vacant and underutilized lands into their highest potential, and
to capitalize upon the presence ofthe Santa Ana River.
Strate/des
1. Create an Infrastructure Improvement Fee for the Tippecanoe
Strategic Area for the purposes of encouraging redevelopment and
improvement of the area.
2. Acquire and consolidate underutilized and blighted parcels through
redevelopment efforts to help stimulate the redevelopment and
revitalization of the Tippecanoe Area.
3. Create a landscaping and sound barrier program along major
arterials and where industrial uses abut residences to minimize
noise impacts and improve aesthetics.
4. Ensure that traffic signals along Tippecanoe Avenue are
synchronized.
5. Expand Tippecanoe A venue from the southern City boundary to
Baseline Avenue.
6. Work with the cities of Loma Linda and Redlands to extend
Mountain View Avenue north of the Santa Ana River and on the I-
10IMountian View intersection improvements.
7. Coordinate with the City of Highland to ensure the development of
an integrated infrastructure system that meets the current and
future demands ofthe area.
8. Implement measures contained in the Tippecanoe Baseline
Infrastructure Plan, Appendix 11.
9. Enhance and protect the Santa Ana River by ensuring that future
industrial development does not block access to, pollute, or turn its
back on this resource.
City of San Bernardino
2-59
5. Eastern Recreation Village Strategic Area
The Eastern Recreation Village Strategic Area is located in the eastern
portion ofthe City. The Eastern Recreation Village Strategic Area is
generally bound by 30 Freeway to the north, Warm Creek and Baseline
Street on the south, Sterling Avenue and the City of Highland to the west,
and the City of Highland on the east.
The centerpiece of this area is the California Youth Soccer Association
(CYSA) sports complex. The soccer complex is a seasonal regional
destination and during the peak season, parking is limited and soccer
tournament attendees frequently park in the surrounding residential
neighborhoods. Park and recreational space in the area also includes the
Spetcher Memorial Park, San Gorgonio High School, and Emmerton
Elementary.
Immediately south of the 30 Freeway, in the central portion of the
Strategic Area, is the Arden-Guthrie area, which is designated as Public
Commercial Recreation (PCR). The intent of this designation is to
develop commercial and commercially oriented recreational uses, such as
golf courses, fairgrounds, skateboard park, roller hockey rink, bowling
alley, batting cages, other privately owned uses such as a water-oriented
gated attraction, sports complexes, or softballlbaseball diamonds, in a
manner that does not negatively impact surrounding residential uses.
This area has been designated a Strategic Area because of the recreational
opportunities it presents. Given the soccer complex, the elementary and
high school, park, and Warm Creek, this area can be developed and
marketed as a recreational village. Multi-purpose trails and pedestrian
amenities could be provided to link the village and the major features in
the Strategic Area.
Stratef!ies
1. Convene an Eastern Recreation Village District comprised of the
City, San Gorgonio High School, Emmerton Elementary School,
Flood Control District, local residents, and CYSA-South Soccer
Foundation. The purpose of the Eastern Recreation Village
District is to:
a) Develop a master plan of development and improvements. The
master plan should address allowable uses, linkage
opportunities, multi-purpose trails, design and landscaping
themes, and funding and financing options.
2-60
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
b) Cooperatively address parking issues. Options to address the
parking issue include shared off-site parking, providing a
parking structure at the CYSA complex, or shared parking
facilities at the Arden-Guthrie area.
c) Explore opportunities to implement pedestrian connections.
d) Explore opportunities to redevelop the Arden-Guthrie area in a
manner that enhances the recreational theme ofthe area.
e) Develop a program to market the features of the area, attract
investment, and stimulate redevelopment of the Arden-Guthrie
area and the San Bernardino Plaza commercial center.
f) Explore uses that would be appropriate to locate in the area that
would complement the recreational focus. Uses such as day
care, libraries, skate parks, YMCAs, community centers,
churches and BMX bike tracks may be appropriate in the
Eastern Recreation Village.
2. Continue consolidation efforts of the 21-acre Arden-Guthrie site.
Efforts should include:
a) Relocating current residential tenants.
b) Consider swapping land with property owners for other
residentially designated areas in the City.
3. Develop a linkage program and multi-purpose trail system and
implementation program for the Strategic Area. Create a program
to add landscaping along Warm and Sand Creeks, which run along
the southern and eastern borders of the Strategic Area.
4. Partner with area colleges to develop recreational programs that
can take place in the Strategic Area.
6. Residential Conversion/Restoration Strategic Area
The Residential ConversionlRestoration Strategic Area contains
approximately 77 parcels and is located on the eastern edge ofthe City.
The area is general bound by 19th Street on the north, 18th Street on the
south, Guthrie Street on the east, and Sterling Avenue on the west.
This area was originally developed as three and four unit apartment
buildings, several of which have been demolished, are vacant, or are in a
City of San Bernardino
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state of disrepair. The remaining apartment buildings are suitable for
conversion from rental units to lower density, owner-occupied, single-
family homes on lots that are smaller than typical lots in the area (7,200
square feet or greater).
This area has been identified as a Strategic Area to promote the conversion
of the remaining apartments, as well as reinvestment and stability in the
area.
StrateJ!ies
1. Amend the Development Code to 1) allow the conversion of the
remaining 3-4 unit apartment buildings, which are located on a
minimum of 7,200 square foot lots, to a maximum of two single-
family dwellings, and 2) permit the lot area for the converted
apartments to be a minimum of 3,500 square feet, and 3) allow
zero lot-line and flag lot configurations, subject to a Conditional
Use Permit.
7. Southeast Industrial Strategic Area
The Southeast Industrial Strategic Area is located in the southeastern
portion of the City, just south of the San Bernardino International Airport
Strategic Area and north of the Southeast Strategic Area. The Southeast
Industrial Area is wedge shaped area bounded by the Santa Ana River to
the north and west, the BNSF railroad to the south and Mountain View
Avenue and the City of Redlands to the east. Tippecanoe Avenue runs
north to south and generally divides the Strategic Area into an eastern and
western half. The Gage Canal runs diagonally through the Strategic Area
to the west of Tippecanoe Avenue.
This Strategic Area contains a mixture of industrial and residential uses.
Due to the proximity of the industrial uses, the adjacent residences are
impacted by truck traffic, noise, and odor. This area has been identified as
a Strategic Area because of the need to protect the industrial job base, help
improve residential conditions, and to help mitigate impacts to adjacent
residences. The Santa Ana River, which borders the northern portion of
this Strategic Area, is a regional amenity that the City must enhance and
protect and which can be utilized as an asset for local industrial users and
residents.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
StrateJ!ies
1. Create landscaping and wall barriers between the residential
communities and the industrial developments to the west and
north.
2. Utilize Lot Beatification monies to turn vacant lots into pocket
parks to provide a buffer between the residential neighborhood and
the industrial area.
3. Utilize redevelopment monies and state and federal grants to
revitalize residential area and rehabilitate run-down units.
4. Encourage the continued development of the industrial area by
enhancing connections and access to the railroad and airport.
5. Reference the East Valley Truck Study to determine issues and
mitigation measures related to the traffic impacts from the UPS
distribution center.
6. Utilize Neighborhood Improvement Program, Home Improvement
Program funds, and similar funding sources to rehabilitate older
housing stock.
7. Utilized EDA Mortgage Assistance Program funds to increase
homeownership rates that may then bring about increased
investment in homes and the neighborhoods.
8. Enhance and protect the Santa Ana River by ensuring that future
industrial development does not block access to, pollute, or turn its
back on this resource.
8. Southeast Strategic Area
As its name implies, the Southeast Strategic Area is located in the
southeast comer of the City. The area is bounded by the BSNF railroad on
the northern edge, the 10 Freeway on the south, Tippecanoe Avenue on
the west, and Mountain View Avenue and the City of Redlands on the
east.
This area has been identified as a Strategic Area because of the need to
improve the conditions and accessibility of its residential neighborhoods.
Homes in this Strategic Area are in need of rehabilitation, should be
separated from the surrounding industrial areas with berming and buffers,
and should be connected physically and socially with the rest ofthe City.
City of San Bernardino
2-63
The San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade
Center.
2-64
Strategies
1. Utilize redevelopment monies and state and federal grants to
revitalize residential area and rehabilitate run-down units.
2. Create landscaping and wall barriers between the residential
communities and the industrial developments to the north, possibly
utilizing Home Improvement Program funds.
3. Utilize Lot Beatification monies to turn vacant lots into pocket
parks
4. Increase access to surrounding commercial areas or encourage the
development of commercial uses in the Strategic Area
5. Utilize Neighborhood Improvement Program, Home Improvement
Program funds, and similar funding sources to rehabilitate older
housing stock.
6. Utilized EDA Mortgage Assistance Program funds to increase
homeownership rates that may then bring about increased
investment in homes and the neighborhoods.
9. San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center
Strategic Area
The San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA)
Strategic Area is located in the southeastern edge of the City. The
Strategic Area is generally bounded on the north by 3rd and 5th Streets, on
the south by Mill Street, on the west by Lena Road, and on the east by the
Cities of Red lands and Highland.
The SBIA is one of our greatest economic growth opportunities and
therefore requires our focused attention. The SBIA is comprised of two
portions: 1) the airport and related facilities ofthe former Norton Air
Force Base, and 2) the Trade Center, which encompasses the non-airport
portions of the property.
The Airport contains approximately 1,350 acres, which are managed by
the San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA), a Joint
Powers Authority made up of representatives from the cities of San
Bernardino, Highland, Lorna Linda, Colton, and the County of San
Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
The Trade Center portion of the SBIA is composed two non-contiguous
areas of the former Norton Air Force Base totaling approximately 652
acres. The Trade Center is managed by the Inland Valley Development
Agency (IVDA) and is addressed in the San Bernardino International
Trade Center Specific Plan. The IVDA is a Joint Powers Authority made
up of representatives from the cities of San Bernardino, Lorna Linda,
Colton, and the County of San Bernardino.
The SBIA can accommodate large warehousing and manufacturing
companies, and more importantly, it serves as a transportation hub,
providing access to air transportation and close proximity to major rail
lines and roadways. SBIA has the capacity to provide regional air traffic
for domestic and international service, both commercial and cargo along
with the necessary support facilities, for major and smaller airlines.
There is an opportunity for the properties surrounding the SBIA to
develop with uses that are related to or can benefit from the proximity of
an airport. For instance, business oriented and general aviation related
uses, manufacturing, warehousing, offices, and travel related business
such as hotels, could be attracted by the presence of the Airport.
Strateflies
1. Create a Fast Track permitting process for businesses seeking to
locate in the SBIA Strategic Area.
2. Work with homeowners and renters in the residential
neighborhood along Tippecanoe Avenue to voluntarily move to
another part of the City.
3. Capitalize on the Foreign Trade Zone status to market the benefits
of locating at the Airport.
4. Ensure that inappropriate land uses do not encroach into the
airport's noise and safety zones by complying with the adopted
Comprehensive Airport Master Plan.
5. Partner with the SBIAA and the IVDA to create a plan that:
a) Identifies businesses that would benefit from San Bernardino's
air transportation system and proximity to rail and freight
related services. The intent is not to create an intermodal
facility near the SBIA.
b) Promotes such businesses to relocate to San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
2-65
We are proud of our Downtown,
which boasts City and County
government offices,
entertainment, cultural, and
shopping.
2-66
c) Identifies a plan to purchase surrounding parcels and develop
infrastructure in order to attract the desired users.
6. Enhance and protect the Santa Ana River by ensuring that future
industrial development does not block access to, pollute, or turn its
back on this resource.
10. Downtown Strategic Area
The Downtown Strategic Area encompasses the historic heart of San
Bernardino. The Downtown Strategic Area stretches from 9th Street on
the north to Mill and Rialto Streets on the south, from Interstate 215 on the
west, to W aterman Avenue on the east.
The Downtown plays a pivotal role in the City. It is the symbolic center
as well as the social and economic heart of San Bernardino. Within its
boundaries are the City Hall, County Administrative Center and Court
House, Carousel Mall, Federal building, State offices, California Theater
of the Performing Arts, CaItrans, a bus station, Seccombe Lake Recreation
Area, Arts on Fifth, Pioneer Memorial Cemetery, YWCA, Sturges
Auditorium, Radisson Hotel, Meadowbrook Park, and the potential Lakes
and Streams project, which was in process during the writing of this Plan.
There is an opportunity to capitalize and improve upon this role.
According to the Existing Economic Conditions and Trends Study
prepared for the General Plan Update, "the large cluster of existing multi-
government offices in the City, particularly in the downtown, provide a
sustained demand for business, retail, and professional services in the
City." The study also indicates that some ofthe office demand in San
Bernardino is likely to be met by intill development in the Downtown area
(approximately 170,000 square feet annually over the next five years) and
with the City's long-term Downtown Revitalization strategy and possible
expansion of the government center. The increased employment in the
Downtown will then provide additional support for retail and pedestrian
oriented retail development. An opportunity for downtown revitalization
are new mixed-use residential and office development projects, which will
help support the addition of new retail space in the Strategic Area.
Another area of interest is the Arrowhead Credit Union Park, which is
located immediately south of the Downtown Strategic Area. The
Arrowhead Credit Union Park provides an amenity to residents and
attracts a regional audience, which directly correlates with and enhances
the Downtown Strategic Area. However, the Arrowhead Credit Union
Park is not physically connected to its surroundings. Efforts should be
made to develop the area surrounding the Arrowhead Credit Union Park
with complimentary retail services including sports related uses,
City of San Bernardino
restaurants and other pedestrian friendly developments to attract the retail
dollars of the Arrowhead Credit Union Park audience. These efforts
should include increased landscaping and street furniture treatments to
enhance the visual appeal and pedestrian-friendly atmosphere.
The San Bernardino Revitalization Plan encompasses the majority of the
Downtown Strategic Area. Critical to the area, is the development of a
design theme that ties the entire downtown together.
StrateJ;!ies
1.
Promote downtown revitalization by seeking and facilitating
mixed-use projects (e.g. combinations of residential, commercial,
and office uses).
2.
Continue to facilitate the development of outdoor dining in the
downtown area.
3. Allow the ground floor of new non-residential and residential
structures to incorporate "pedestrian-active" retail uses
(restaurants, florists, gift shops, bookstores, clothing, shoe repair,
etc.).
4. Accommodate residential units above the first floor of commercial
structures provided that:
a) The impacts of noise, odor, and other characteristics of
commercial activity can be adequately mitigated; and
b) A healthy, safe, and well-designed living environment with a
complement of amenities can be achieved for the residential
units.
5. Buildings in the downtown should be designed, sited, and massed
to convey an "urban-like" character; locating structures in
proximity to sidewalks, using architectural design styles and
materials which visually convey a sense of "mass" and
"permanency" (such as granite and marble, defined piers and
columns, etc.), incorporating multiple stories, and similar
techniques.
6. Preserve significant historic structures and community features and
incorporate historic themes and community symbols into the
design of the Downtown area to maintain a strong character and
distinguish it as the City's historic/civic core.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
The Arrowhead Credit Union
Park, home of the Inland Empire
66ers.
2-67
7. Provide generous pedestrian amenities such as wide sidewalks,
ground-level retail uses, parkways, vintage streetlights, sitting
areas, and street furniture.
8. Establish a consistent street lighting type in the downtown area
utilizing a light standard that is compatible with the historic
commercial fabric and coordinated with an overall street furniture
and graphics/signage program.
9. Encourage that buildings be located within twenty-five feet of the
sidewalk, except for setbacks to allow outdoor dining, pedestrian-
oriented plazas, courtyards, and landscaped areas.
10. Commercial and office buildings should be designed to enhance
pedestrian activity and convey a "human scale" at their street
elevation.
11. Parking should be located to the rear, below, or above the ground
floor ofthe street-facing commercial/office structure.
12. AttracUdevelop high end housing in the Downtown Strategic Area,
especially adjacent to parks and other desirable amenities.
11. Community Hospital Strategic Area
The Community Hospital Strategic Area is located on the west side of the
City and is generally bounded by 1-210 on the north, 16th Street on the
south, Western Avenue and 1-215 on the east and Pennsylvania Avenue on
the west. This Strategic Area is bisected by Medical Center Drive.
This Strategic Area is anchored by the Community Hospital of San
Bernardino. Numerous medical offices have developed in the surrounding
area and, in essence, create a medical district. The purpose of this
Strategic Area is to provide incentives and programs that capitalize upon
the presence of the hospital and surrounding medical offices, which can
act as a catalyst for improvements in the area and to facilitate medically
related development in the future.
1. Prepare design and landscaping guidelines for the major street
frontages within the Strategic Area.
Improve the pedestrian connectivity and safety throughout the
Strategic Area.
2-68
City of San Bernardino
Improve entry monumentation and install landscaping to identify
this area as a medical district. Directories and informational kiosks
should be installed on major intersections and roadways.
Develop a neighborhood revitalization program that helps the
surrounding residential areas to improve their appearance and
incorporate the design and landscape guidelines developed for the
area. The revitalization program should address landscaping,
lighting, facade improvements, and safety (Neighborhood Watch
programs).
Focus new uses to those that are medical or medically related or to
those uses that provide a service to the users of the area, such as
delis, restaurants, florists, and office supply/reproduction.
Allow the adaptive reuse of residential uses for medical or
medically related uses.
12. Corridor Strategic Areas
The Corridor Strategic Areas, the Mount Vernon, E-Street, Baseline, and
Highland Strategic Areas, all share similar issues as well as solutions.
Each corridor is characterized by a pattern of strip commercial, vacant or
underutilized parcels, dilapidated structures, and uncoordinated aesthetics
and signage. In addition, the majority oflots along the corridors are
relatively small with individual ownership. This makes significant
redevelopment more complicated and requires participation from a
multitude of individuals to realize change. Another significant hurdle is
the perception that commercial property is more valuable. While this may
be true in certain instances, the existing pattern and quality of strip
commercial uses along these corridors is not proving to be viable and a
change is necessary.
The Corridor Improvement Program, included at the end of this section,
describes the policies and action steps that are intended to help the
property owners in the area maintain or increase their economic viability
and improve the aesthetics of the street.
. Mount V ernon Avenue Strategic Area - Mount V ernon Avenue is a
major north-south roadway located in the western portion of the
City. Mount Vernon Avenue connects to the 30 and 215 freeways
on the northern end, and Interstate 10 to the south. Historic Route
66 runs north along a portion of Mount Vernon Avenue from
Foothill Boulevard/5th Street north to Cajon Boulevard, where it
continues north through the Cajon Pass. The Strategic Area itself
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
E-Street Transit
Corridor
As of the writing of this
General Plan, Omnitrans
had initiated Phase 1 of the
E-Street Transit Corridor
project. Due to its
significance in ridership
i and points of interest
served, E-Street was
chosen as the first segment
of a planned system of
high-quality transit
corridors in San
Bernardino. Phase 1
consists of studying
alternatives for providing
i enhanced state-of-the-art
i transit service and corridor
i improvements.
2-69
2-70
occupies a limited portion of the roadway, between Highland
A venue on the northern end and Mill Street on the southern end
. E-Street Strategic Area - E-Street is a significant north-south
roadway located in the central portion of the City. E-Street
connects Downtown to Baseline, Highland, and to the 30 freeway
on the northern end, and Hospitality Lane to the south. E-Street
currently (as of 2004) has the greatest number of transit trips in the
Omnitrans system, which makes it an ideal candidate for roadway
improvements and redevelopment. The Strategic Area itself
occupies a limited portion of the roadway, between Highland
A venue on the northern end and 9th Street on the southern end.
. Baseline Street Strategic Area - Baseline Street is a major east-
west roadway in the region. Baseline Street is located in the
central portion of the City and connects the City of Rialto on the
west, the Interstate 215 Freeway, and the City of Highland and the
30 Freeway to the east. The Baseline Street Strategic Area
stretches along Baseline Street between Mount V ernon Avenue
and Waterman Avenue.
. Highland Avenue Strategic Area - Highland Avenue is a major
east-west roadway that is located near the northern portion of the
City. Highland Avenue connects four freeways in the City of San
Bernardino: the 30, 215, 259, and 330 freeways. The Strategic
Area stretches along Highland Avenue between Mount Vemon
Avenue and Interstate 215 on the west and Arden Avenue and the
30 Freeway on the east.
Stratefdes
1. Corridor Improvement Program.
Purpose: The Corridor Improvement Program is an optional
package of policy, regulatory, and incentive programs that, if
applied, are intended to stimulate private investment and result in
desired development within the Corridor Strategic Areas. This is
accomplished by providing optional incentives, in the form of
density bonuses and varied development standards, to
developments that qualify. While the underlying land use
designations still apply, the property owner may request, and the
City may choose to apply, aspects ofthis program to stimulate
desirable development.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
a) Priority Locational Projects are those that: 1) develop or
improve commercial and/or mixed uses on the intersections of
arterials, and/or 2) replace strip commercial use with
residential uses or improve existing residential uses between
the intersections of arterials.
. In Priority Locational Projects: mixed-use projects are
permitted with a floor area ratio of2.0 for commercial and
office uses and residential density of 24 units per acre.
Commercial only projects are permitted at a maximum
floor area ratio of 1.5. A maximum height 00 stories is
permitted for projects that combine residential and
commercial uses and 2 stories for commercial only
projects. Parking areas are required to be located in the
rear of the lot with the buildings oriented to the sidewalk.
b) Lot Consolidation. Projects that combine parcels are eligible to
receive a 2.5% density bonus and a 10% floor area ratio bonus
for each lot combined.
c) Encourage the development of desired projects or provide
public amenities through the use of incentives. The following
incentives are not cumulative and the City can choose to award
the greatest level of incentives to projects that incorporate
numerous desirable features.
. Proximity to transit. Projects with a residential component
that are located within 500 feet of a designated transit stop
are eligible to receive up to a 15% density bonus. Mixed-
use projects would also receive a 10% increase in floor area
ratio to accommodate the additional residential units.
. Shared parking. Projects that consolidate and combine
individual parking lots into shared parking facilities are
eligible to receive a 10% increase in floor area ratio and
reduce the overall parking requirement by 25%.
· Pedestrian building orientation. Projects that orient the
parking in the rear of the lot and orient the main entrance of
the building toward the sidewalk are eligible to receive an
increase of up to 5% in floor area ratio.
· Public plaza. Projects that include a public plaza of at least
625 square feet (no dimension less than 25 feet) adjacent to
and accessible from the front sidewalk are eligible to
receive an increase of 1 square foot in floor area for every
square foot of public plaza.
City of San Bernardino
2-71
. Public art. Projects that provide permanent, outdoor art
that is viewable by the public from the front sidewalk are
eligible to receive an increase of up to 5% in floor area
ratio.
d) Develop and implement improvement plans for each corridor
that address:
. Themes for each corridor that key off the unique and
significant features in and nearby the Strategic Areas.
. Design and landscaping standards for each corridor street
frontages that enhance each theme.
. A promotion/marketing campaign for each Corridor
Strategic Area.
. Signage and entry monumentation that identifies the
features of and near the each Corridor Strategic Area.
. Opportunities for commercial intensification, such as at the
intersection of arterials, and areas where an infusion of
alternative land uses, such as residential or mixed use, can
occur.
e) Develop an incentive and assistance package that supports
facade improvements and lot consolidation for property owners
in each Corridor Strategic Area.
f) Focus code enforcement activities on the dilapidated and
vacant structures to encourage property owners to eliminate
unsafe conditions and building deficiencies.
g) Utilize the City's existing demolition program to demolish
vacant, dangerous, and dilapidated buildings.
h) Until redevelopment occurs, develop a program to utilize the
properties of recently demolished structures for interim uses
that benefit the adjacent residences, such as community
gardens, parks, or recreational areas.
i) Utilize the existing acquisition/rehabilitation/resale program to
improve residential properties within each Strategic Area.
j) Utilize Lot Beatification monies to turn vacant lots into
permanent community amenities, such as community gardens,
pocket parks, or play grounds.
2-72
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
13. University District Specific Plan
Founded in 1965, California State University San Bernardino is located in
the northwestern portion of the City of San Bernardino. Since that time,
the growth and development of the University and City have occurred
independently. This independent growth has resulted in a University and
City that are not physically integrated.
The University represents a major opportunity to help improve the City's
image. The City can capitalize upon the presence of the University and
use it as a catalyst to improve the surrounding community, which in turn
can help improve the image of the University. The intent of this Specific
Plan is to lay a foundation for this integration of the University into the
surrounding community. .
A guiding vision of this Specific Plan is to collaborate with the University
to fully integrate the campus with the surrounding community. The
following goals and policies direct the future of the University District
Specific Plan area:
. Focus on pedestrian-oriented development, such as mixed uses and
University related uses, and less upon auto dependent uses.
Develop a walkable University village.
. Develop a seamless connection between the community and
University through access, physical improvements such as
landscaping, streetscape, signage and art, and street naming.
. Integrate the curriculum of the University with the community.
For instance, teaching classes can be linked with area schools or
course curriculum can incorporate community improvement
projects.
. Capitalize upon potential economic connections. For instance, the
University's educational program can be connected with area
schools.
. Market the University and surrounding community with the
intention of becoming recognized as a "University town."
. Market the art and cultural facilities that the University and
surrounding community have to offer. Tie the curriculum of the
University and the art and cultural programs of the community
together.
City of San Bernardino
2-73
2-74
. Encourage the development of trolley connections between the
University and downtown and the MetroLink station at the Santa
Fe Depot.
. Maintain the spacious and park-like "campus feel" of the
University.
. Maintain and improve the open communications between
university and community and increase opportunities for the
University to participate in City-run programs.
. Enhance the regional recreational link with the University.
. Develop efficient vehicular and pedestrian access within the
University village.
. Offer a range of housing types to accommodate a wide range of
population, including University faculty and staff.
. Ensure that quality housing is developed in the surrounding
community.
Strate/des
1.
Implement the provisions of the University District Specific Plan
in order to integrate the University with the surrounding
community and enhance the overall image of the City.
City of San Bernardino
14. Verdemont Heights Area Plan
a. Introduction
The Verdemont Heights Area Plan presents the general plan level
development and use guidance for the 3,011 acres generally located in the
northwestern comer of the City.
b. Location
Verdemont Heights is a residential community located in the northwestern
most comer of the City, nestled in the foothills of the San Bernardino
Mountains and overlooking the Cajon Creek Wash and the Glen Helen
Regional Park. Verdemont Heights is bordered on the north by the San
Bernardino National Forest, on the southwest by Kendall Drive, Interstate
215, and the Cajon Creek, and on the southeast by the Devil's Canyon
Flood Control Basins and the East Branch of the California Aqueduct.
Immediately southeast of these flood control basins is the California State
University at San Bernardino.
Verdemont Heights encompasses a gently north-south sloping hill at the
base of the San Bernardino Mountains. Several seasonal creeks flow out
of the mountains and can carry significant volumes of water during the
rainy times and during the spring snow melt. The most significant is
Cable Creek, which is fed by the Meyers Canyon and Meecham Canyon
creeks.
c. Authority
An area plan addresses a particular geographic sector or community within
the overall planning area of the general plan. An area plan refines the
policies of the general plan as they apply to smaller geographic areas. In
essence, the City's General Plan is the policy "umbrella" for the Area
Plan.
The Verdemont Heights Area Plan is a part of the General Plan and
provides the policy level guidance for the development ofVerdemont
Heights.
d. Opportunities and Constraints
Verdemont Heights is accessed from Interstate 215 by an interchange at
Palm Avenue, which is a major north-south street in the area, and besides
Little League Drive, provides the only access across the freeway. Kendall
Drive, which parallels Interstate 215, is the major arterial in the area. A
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
Top: View of Verdemont Heights
from /-215 with the San
Bernardino Mountains in the
background.
Bottom: View west from
Verdemont Heights of the Cajon
Wash.
2-75
Due to the rural character of
parts of Verdemont Heights,
many roadways are partially
improved and lack complete
width, curbs, gutters, and
sidewalks.
Recreational facilities in
Verdemont.
2-76
series of collector and local streets form a distinct grid pattern over the
southern end ofVerdemont Heights.
Verdemont Heights contains a number of development constraints, chiefly
fire, flood, seismic, and wind hazards, archaeological sensitivities, a lack
of an urban level of infrastructure, and slope. In terms of the hazards,
much ofVerdemont Heights is subject to extreme and moderate fire
hazards and high winds. The southwestern portion ofthe community is
also subject to 100 and 500-year flooding. The San Andreas Fault runs
along the northern edge ofVerdemont Heights and the southern edge is
subject to liquefaction.
An urban level of infrastructure does not serve the majority ofVerdemont
Heights and new developments are required to extend services into the
area, which raises the costs of development. The City coordinates the
development of required infrastructure systems, which, as of 2004, are
funded by four development fees: the Verdemont Infrastructure fee, the
Chestnut Drainage Fee, Verdemont fire station service area mitigation fee,
and the Palm Box Culvert/Traffic Signals fee.
Because of its location at the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains,
portions ofVerdemont Heights are subject to the Hillside Management
Overlay District. The purpose of the Hillside Management Overlay is to
regulate development in the hillsides to protect the hill's topographic
character and environmental sensitivities, reduce cutting and scaring, and
ensure high quality design that "fits" with the project's surroundings. This
is accomplished through the enforcement of policies that limit densities
based upon the percentage of slope: the steeper the slope, the less the
residential density allowed. Projects located at the base ofthe foothills on
slopes of 15% or less are not subject to the provisions of the Overlay.
As of 2004, Verdemont Heights was in need of additional parkland to
serve residents. In 2004, Verdemont Heights contained three developed
parks totaling 23.8 acres and three parks approved/under construction
totaling 9.07 acres. This does not include the 33-acre Little League fields,
which are not considered public parks. Based upon 3.340 persons per
household3, Verdemont Heights could accommodate approximately
14,322 people. Based upon the City's parkland requirement of 5 acres of
parkland per 1,000 population, an additional 39 acres of parkland are
required at the buildout ofVerdemont Heights to satisfy the City's park
requirement. Implementation of the General Plan Land Use Map would
3 Source: Department of Finance January 2004, City/County Population and Housing
Estimates.
City of San Bernardino
more than satisfy this issue and result in the provision of approximately
239 acres of public parks.
e. Area Plan Concept
The goal of the Verdemont Heights Area Plan is to provide the guidance
and direction to create an identifiable village that is unique and includes a
range of services and activities to serve the residents of the area.
(1) Land Use Concept
As shown on Figure LU-6, the land use plan identifies three distinct
subareas within Verdemont Heights that are connected by an integrated
signage and landscaping program. The first subarea is Verdemont Estates,
which is located on the slopes and hills in the northern portion of the area,
basically north of Little League Drive and Ohio Avenue. The Residential
Estate land use designation characterizes this subarea.
The second subarea is the Verdemont Hills, which is a collection of
suburban subdivisions located in the southern portion of the plan between
Ohio Avenue, Interstate 215, Devils Canyon, and Little League Drive.
The Residential Low and Residential Suburban land use designations
characterize this subarea. This is also the subarea that contains the Little
League Ballfield and the Palm Avenue Elementary School.
The third subarea is Verdemont Plaza, which is located adjacent to
Interstate 215 near Palm Avenue and Cable Creek. This subarea contains
commercial properties that are oriented toward the freeway and mainly
serve travelers. This area includes gas stations and eateries. The
Commercial General land use designation characterizes this subarea.
(2) Gateway Features
Unique entry features, or gateways, help identify Verdemont Heights and
create a common identify for the entire area. As shown on Figure LU-6,
several gateways are proposed at strategic points around Verdemont
Heights. These gateways incorporate significant features, such as unique
public art or signage, signature landscaping, and directional signage.
(3) Signage
Unique and clear identification signs help travelers navigate through the
area and help students quickly access the University. Due to the proximity
of the University, Kendall Drive is an ideal place to create an exciting
image consistent with the University District Specific Plan. Accordingly,
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
Pedestrian gateway enhancements
and entry sign age, such as these
examples, should be used to help
differentiate and identify
significant features in the area.
2-77
Lush landscaping, trails, and
appropriate fencing should be
used in the right-of-way to unify
Verdemont Heights.
2-78
themed banners and signage should be permitted in the right-of-way along
Kendall Drive to advertise special events, sporting events, Little League
functions, education and cultural programs and simply to maintain the
University's presence in the community. Informational kiosks can help
strengthen the connection between the University and Verdemont.
(4) Corridor Enhancements
A consistent corridor treatment along major roadways, such as Kendall
Drive, Palm Avenue, Pine Avenue, Little League Drive, and Ohio
Avenue, would create a strong visual link and unify the three districts
within Verdemont Heights. Landscaping, fencing, lighting, and trails
work together to enhance the image of the area.
(5) Trails
As shown on Figure PRT-2, there are a number of conceptual trails in
Verdemont Heights. Trails are conceptually located along Cable Creek,
Chestnut Drive, in the foothills, and connecting across Devil's Canyon to
the University.
City of San Bernardino
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f. Goals, Policies, and Strategies
2.11
Create an identifiable and unique village that includes
distinct residential neighborhoods and a full array of
services and activities to meet the needs of residents
of the area.
2.11.1
_..._..____.~_..._.._....._.._.~__ .... ... _....._.__..____~___._._.._..._._.....____________u_ .... n. ........_____._..__....____.__._...._..._.......__._._._..._._.....__.___.__........._.._ .. n_ --.--..-..........-.-.................
2.11.2
2.11.3
2.11.4
Enhance the three distinct subareas that comprise
Verdemont Heights:
a. Verdemont Estates, which is located on the slopes and
hills in the northern portion of the area basically north
of Little League Drive and Ohio Avenue, has a rural
character and consists of the larger lot residential uses.
b. Verdemont Hills, which is a collection of subdivisions
located in the southern portion of the plan between
Ohio Avenue, Interstate 215, Devils Canyon, and Little
League Drive, has a suburban character.
c. Verdemont Plaza, which is located along Kendal Drive
adjacent to Palm Avenue, contains commercial
properties that are oriented toward the freeway and
mainly serve travelers.
Develop a trail system in Verdemont Heights and along
Cable Creek that provide a complete access system and
provides direct access to Verdemont Plaza.
Consider the development of a direct linkage at Belmont
A venue to the University to help make the University an
integral part ofthe Verdemont Heights living experience.
Two options are desired for this connection: either a
pedestrian/bicycle trail and/or a rural two-lane road.
. Any vehicular linkage to the University shall be
designed to minimize traffic passing through the
residential neighborhoods. Traffic shall be directed to
Kendall Avenue down Pine Avenue.
. Directional signage, traffic islands, speed bumps, and
street neck -downs are examples of some of the methods
that can be employed to calm and redirect traffic.
As shown on Figure LU-6, develop an integrated corridor
enhancement system, including landscaping and signage,
which are unique to Verdemont Heights. The following
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
If a vehicular connection to the
University is desired, then
appropriate measures, such as
signage, should be used to route
traffic away from residential
neighborhoods and along Pine.
2-81
Landscaping should be uniform
and ref/ect the character of
Verdemont. Both sides of the street
should be landscaped in a similar
mannp,..
Examples of gateway features that
can identify entrance into
Verdemont Heights and the various
subdistricts of the Area Plan.
2-82
2.11.5
policies shall direct the development of corridors within
Verdemont Heights:
· An informal, non-symmetrical grouping of landscaping
should be used within the landscape setback along
corridors.
· Utilize drought-tolerant, fire resistant, and native
landscaping in the right-of-ways.
· Solid privacy or sound walls should be heavily screened
by landscaping and utilize a variety of textures,
materials, and colors.
· Solid walls should be "broken up" by lush landscaping,
pedestrian entries, offsets, pilasters, recesses, and
undulations.
· Utilize combinations of solid and view fences, which
are constructed of durable materials, wherever possible
to maintain views, enhance security, and to add variety
to long stretches of walls.
· All services and utilities should be screened from view
either with fencing or landscaping or placed
underground.
As shown on Figure LU-6, develop landscaped and signed
gateway features at Kendall Drive and Palm Avenue,
Kendall Drive and Pine Avenue, Kendall Drive and Little
League Drive, Ohio Avenue and Little League Drive, and
Kendall Drive and Campus Parkway to help identify
Verdemont Heights. The following guidelines shall apply
to the development of gateways within Verdemont Heights:
· A formal, symmetrical landscape plan may be utilized
at gateways.
· Unique, eye-catching features should be utilized in
Gateways. Arches, towers, fountains, and significant
landscaping should be employed to help identify the
area.
· Gateways should incorporate ornate features such as
textured pavement, public art, and fountains, which are
constructed of durable and, when possible, natural
materials.
· Gateways should incorporate themed signage and
lighting that announces arrival into a particular area or
project.
· Gateways should contain clear directional signage.
City of San Bernardino
. While no strict standards are given for the design and
development of Gateways, they generally range in size
from 800 to 1,400 square feet and generally have
curbside dimensions of between 40 and 50 feet from the
comer on each side.
Strategies
1.
As described in the University District Specific Plan, collaborate
with the University and Flood Control District to create a trail or
perhaps a two-lane road connecting Ohio Street to Devil's Canyon
Levee Road or W. Northpark Boulevard. This connection would
be periodically closed and flooded and must be designed, signed,
and gated accordingly.
2. Develop a landscaping, gateway, and signage program to be
implemented by developer fees.
3. Collaborate with the University to create a transit system
connecting Verdemont Heights to the University and surrounding
communities. Future transit stops should be planned in existing
and future communities.
4. Promote the development of higher end housing. This may include
the creation of a University housing community for CSUSB
professors and staff.
5. In collaboration with the Economic Development Agency,
University, and the Chamber of Commerce, market Verdemont
Heights as a desirable location to live and an attractive place to
develop due to its location and due to its proximity to the
California State University, San Bernardino campus.
6. Explore amending the park ordinance to allow flexibility in the
provision of required parkland acreage and trails, through such
means as:
a) As agreed upon by the City, permit higher densities, up to one
level higher (e.g. RE to RL, RL to RS, and RS to RU) than the
underlying land use designations allows in exchange for
parkland set-asides.
b) Develop a Transfer of Development Rights program to secure
parkland while allowing developers to build at higher densities
elsewhere in San Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
2 Land Use
An example of a simple, yet
effective wall enhancement to
help add character and rich detail
to a neighborhood.
2-83
9.
2-84
c) Pursue the ability to utilize public flood control areas as park or
open space areas with the San Bernardino Flood Control
District.
7.
Review development standards and landscaping provisions in
relation to wildland fire, flooding, and wind hazards and ensure
they appropriately address the threat levels in Verdemont Heights.
8.
Require developments adjacent to designated trails to provide trails
within a Landscape and Maintenance District, or similar method
accepted by the City, to ensure their long term upkeep.
Ensure that individual driveway access from new residential
subdivisions/developments is not taken directly from Arterial and
Collector roadways to reduce conflicts with trails and vehicular
traffic.
10.
Attract upscale local serving uses to serve the residents of the area
and improve the desirability ofVerdemont Heights.
City of San Bernardino
-
. HOUSING
chapter 3.
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Chapter 3. Housing
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The (2001) Housing Element is a comprehensive statement by the City of
San Bernardino of its current and future housing needs and proposed
actions to facilitate the provision of housing to meet those needs at all
income levels. The purpose of the Housing Element is to identify current
and projected housing needs in San Bernardino and set forth goals,
policies, and programs that address those needs. The Housing Element
has been prepared to meet the requirements of State law and local housing
objectives. In addition, the revised Housing Element updates the previous
Housing Element by incorporating new information and reflecting
community concerns related to housing in the City of San Bernardino.
Consistency With State Law
The contents of the Housing Element are mandated by Section 65580
through 65589 of the State Government Code. In accordance with State
law, the Housing Element is to be consistent and compatible with other
General Plan Elements. This provides for clear policy and direction for
making decisions pertaining to zoning, subdivision approval, housing
allocations, and capital improvements.
Government Code Section 65583 requires the Housing Element to include
the following components:
. A review of the previous element's goals, policies, programs, and
objectives to ascertain the effectiveness of each of these
components, as well as of the overall effectiveness of the Housing
Element.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-I 5 Ch 03 Housing Element.doc
3. Housing
3-1
. An assessment of housing needs and an inventory of resources and
constraints relevant to meeting these needs.
. An analysis and program for preserving assisted housing
developments.
. A statement of community goals, quantified objectives, and
policies relative to the maintenance, preservation, improvement,
and development of housing.
. A program that sets forth a five-year schedule of actions that the
City is undertaking, or intends to undertake, in implementing the
policies set forth in the Housing Element.
The 1990 Census was used as the "baseline" updated with 2000 Census
data as available. Other sources including the California Department of
Finance (DOF) yearly estimates of housing units, households, and
population; the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
regional estimates and projections; various other federal, state, and City
agencies and organizations; and preliminary work on an administrative
draft housing element prepared by Parsons, Harland, Bartholomew &
Associates, Inc.
As part of the planning process, the community and interested parties have
the opportunity to review and provide comments on the Draft and Final
Housing Elements during the public hearing process. The Draft and Final
Housing Elements will be circulated to the California Department of
Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review and comment.
Prior to adoption, the City will hold public hearings to further obtain
comments from the community. In addition, the City incorporated the
goals, objectives, and priorities of the City of San Bernardino Consolidate
Plan in the Housing Element. That plan was developed with extensive
public input.
Housing Element Organization
The Housing Element is comprised of the following sections:
.
Community Profile
.
Housing Needs
.
Housing Constraints
.
Evaluation of Programs under the 1989 Housing Element
3-2
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
. Housing Goals, Objectives, and Policies
. Consistency of the Housing Element with other General Plan
Elements
Relationship to Redevelopment
The San Bernardino Housing Element has been developed in close
coordination with the City Redevelopment Plan, and the Redevelopment
Plan is incorporated by reference into the Housing Element. Specifically,
the San Bernardino Consolidated Plan was prepared concurrently with the
Housing Element. The Consolidated Plan, prepared by the City Economic
Development Agency, is a five year plan (Fiscal Year 2000 - 2005) that
outlines the goals, strategies and action programs as they relate to housing
and development problems. Programs within the Consolidated Plan deal
with homeownership incentives and opportunities, and the Consolidated
Plan also includes related programs dealing with job development,
improvement of the infrastructure, public facilities and fair housing.
Paramount in the Consolidated Plan is a specific strategy for the fair and
efficient use of the Redevelopment housing set-aside funds. In accordance
with State Law, 20% of the Redevelopment Agency's tax increment is
reserved for housing-related issues. Within the City of San Bernardino,
those set-aside funds are substantial (approximately $3.5 million
annually), and they provide a significant resource for meeting the goals
and objectives of the Housing Element. The Consolidated Plan identifies
eight needs and priorities:
1) Preservation and rehabilitation of the affordable existing single family
units.
2) Expansion of homeowners hip opportunities and assistance to
homebuyers with the purchase of affordable housing - both existing
and new construction.
3) Provision of rental assistance and preservation of existing affordable
rental housing.
4) Assistance to homeless and special needs persons with supportive
servIce programs.
5) Expansion of affordable housing opportunities through new
construction.
City of San Bernardino
3-3
3-4
6) Promotion of economic development and employment opportunities
for low- and moderate-income households.
7) Improvement and expansion of infrastructure to meet current and
future needs and to create a suitable living environment.
8) Elimination of impediments for fair housing through education,
enforcement and testing.
As a means of implementing the Consolidated Plan, a Consolidated
Annual Action Plan is prepared each fiscal year. The latest Consolidated
Annual Action Plan for fiscal year 2002-03 identifies $161,374,205 in
funds for various programs and a total of 4,486 housing units to be
assisted. The "Housing Programs" contained in Section V of this Housing
Element, specify the housing-related programs, funding amounts and
funding sources for the five-year period covered by this Housing Element
and the Consolidated Plan.
Public Participation
State law requires local governments to solicit public participation from all
economic segments of the community in the development and adoption of
the Housing Element. Typically, the notification and public hearing
process achieve citizen participation in the adoption of a general plan or
general plan element. However, given the vigorous hosing activities
pursued by the City of San Bernardino, the City established a formal
Citizen Participation Program. This program was initiated and
implemented in conjunction with the preparation of the Consolidated
Plan, and is carried forward through the annual preparation and adoption
ofthe Consolidated Annual Action Plans.
The City adopted a Citizen Participation Plan. A Community
Development Citizen Advisory Committee (CDCAC) was established.
The CDCAC consists of thirteen members appointed by the Mayor and
Common Council, representing all income and ethnic groups, with an
emphasis on those residing in identified blighted areas ofthe City. The
CDCAC reviews the annual plans, including programs and funding
allocations, and makes recommendations to the Common Council. A
primary role of the CDCAC is to provide community outreach. In that
capacity, notices of CDCAC meetings are sent to community service
organizations, business organization, Chamber of Commerce, religious
associations, and other interested individuals and groups. The
Consolidated Annual Action Plans as well as the drafts of this Housing
Element were made available to these organizations and individuals, and a
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
30-day review period has been and is established to allow consideration of
and comment on the documents.
In addition to the efforts of the CDCAC, the City retained the services of a
consultant for the purposed of contacting public agencies and private
nonprofit organizations. Those efforts were in conjunction with the
preparation of the Consolidated Plan update, the Consolidated Annual
Action Plan, as well as the preparation of the Housing Element. Agencies
consulted include: San Bernardino County Health Department, San
Bernardino County Hosing Authority, adjacent city governments, and
providers of homeless services.
Finally, Citizen Participation is provided through the public hearing
process. Prior to transmittal of the draft Housing Element to the State
Department of Hosing and Community Development, public hearings
were scheduled before the City Planning Commission. In addition to the
review of the draft by the CDCAC and the public outreach achieved
through the CDCAC and public notice process, bilingual services offered
through the City Department of Housing and Community Development
for those interested individuals and organization that need such service.
This Element, incorporating comments from the State Department of
HCD, will undergo further public hearing notice and review both before
the Planning Commission and Community Council.
City of San Bernardino
3-5
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3-6
City of San Bernardino
COMMUNITY PROFILE
Population Characteristics
1. Population Trends
The population of the City of San Bernardino was 185,401 in 2000, a 13%
increase over 1990. This was less than the City's growth rate of33%
between 1980 and 1990, a result of the recession and other factors in the
mid to late 1990s. The County grew at a rate of21 %, from 1,418,380 in
1990 to 1,709,434 in 2000, a decrease from the 58% growth rate between
1980 and 1990. The population of the City of San Bernardino is still
growing, but at a significantly reduced rate of less than I % or less since
1994. These growth rates are shown in Table H-l.
p
lti G
Table H-1
thT d'S B
d'
opu a on row ren SID an ernar IDO
City Growth County Growth
Year Population Rate* Population Rate
1980 123,429 -- 895,016 --
1990 164,164 33% 1,418,380 58%
1991 172,900 5% 1,464,775 3%
1992 176,400 2% 1,508,775 3%
1993 179,900 2% 1,539,800 2%
1994 180,700 0.4% 1,559,250 1%
1995 180,700 0% 1,572,650 0.9%
1996 181,400 0.3% 1,587,150 0.9%
1997 182,200 0.4% 1,605,000 1%
1998 183,600 0.7% 1,631,400 2%
1999 183,600 0.7% 1,631,400 2%
2000 185,401 13% 1,709,434 21%
Sources: 1990 & 2000 U.S. Census Bureau; California Department of Finance,
Reports E-4 and E-5. *Growth rates are for the ten-year periods 1980-90 and
1990-2000.
2. Household Growth
The characteristics of the City's household population can be further
evaluated by examining household size, composition, age, and other
relevant factors. Between 1980 and 1990, the City of San Bernardino
experienced a household growth rate of 21 %. Census data shows that there
were 45,020 households in the City in 1980. Between 1980 and 1990, the
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
3-7
number of households increased to 54,482 or 21 %. In 2000, the number of
households was 56,330, an increase of 10% from 1990. In 2000, 73% of
the population lived in households. Table H-2 shows the total households
in the City and County in 1980, 1990, and 2000.
Table H-2
Household Growth
Year City Households County Households
1980 45,020 N/A
1990 54,482 N/A
2000 56,330 528,594
Source: 1980, 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census Bureau Data
3. Gender
The City of San Bernardino has a roughly equal distribution of males and
females with 49.2% and 50.8%, respectively. This breakdown carries
through the age breakdowns with 31.1 % males, 33.7% females 18 and
older, 3.3% males and 4.9% females 65 and older.
Table H-3
2000 Households with Children in San Bernardino
Households with
Children Under 18
Ci Coun
14,784 163,656
2,213 17,915
7,853 49,345
31,480 297,678
4. Ethnicity
As shown on Table H-4, the City's population is primarily White and
Hispanic and has been as such throughout the decade. However, trends
show that the overall percentage of White and Black persons has declined,
while the percentage of Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and other ethnic
groups has increased.
3-8
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-4
Persons by Ethnicity and Hispanic Origin in 1990 and 2000
Population % of 1990 Population in % of2000
Ethnicity in 1990 Population 2000 Population
White 99,620 61 83,849 45.2
Black 26,285 16 30,425 16.4
Asian 1 6,495 4 17,742 4.2
Pacific Islander 1 680 0.4
American Indian 2,591 1.4
Other 31,764 19 50,286 27.1
Hispanic < 56,413 34 88,022 47.5
I Combined in 1990
2 Population of Hispanic origin is included as a percentage of the other population groups.
Source: 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census Bureau Data
5. Age of Population
In 2000,64.8% of the population was 18 and older, while 8.2% was 65 or
older. This is just below the County population with 67.7% 18 and older
and 8.6% 65 and older.
6. Household Income
Households can also be characterized by income level of which four
categories are typically used for comparative purposes. The four
categories are based on the San Bernardino County median income, which
represents the mid-point at which half of all households earn more and
half earn less. Households in the "Very Low-Income" category earn 50%
or less of the median area income while "Low-Income" households earn
between 50% and 80% of the area median income. "Moderate-Income"
households earn between 80% and 120% of the area median income.
Finally, "Above Moderate-Income" households earn above 120% ofthe
median income. Table H-5 shows the 1999 median income ranges.
City of San Bernardino
3-9
3-10
Table H-5
2001 Income Limits - Riverside & San Bernardino Counties
100%
30% of 50% of 60% of 80% of of 115% of 120% of
Median Median Median Median Median Median Median
Household Income Income Income Income Income Income Income
Size Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit
Family Very, Very Low Median Arr Moderate
Very Low Program
Low
I $10,500 $17,450 $21,000 $27,950 $34,950 $40,170 $41,950
2 $12,000 $19,950 $23,950 $31,950 $39,900 $45,900 $47,900
3 $13,450 $22,450 $26,000 $35,950 $44,900 $51,650 $53,900
4 $14,950 $24,950 $29,950 $39,900 $49,900 $57,400 $59,900
5 $16,150 $26,950 $32,350 $43,100 $53,900 $62,000 $64,700
6 $17,350 $28,950 $34,750 $46,300 $57,900 $66,600 $69,500
7 $18,550 $30,950 $37,150 $49,500 $61,900 $71,150 $74,300
8 $19,750 $32,950 $39,950 $52,700 $65,900 $75,750 $79,050
Source: HUD and Hen
An analysis of household growth by income level reveals that nearly 41 %
of households in the City were in the very-low and lower income brackets.
This is a higher percentage than the countywide level of29%. City and
County income levels in 1999 are shown on Table H-6. Median household
income in 1999 for all households was $31,140. Relatively, the median
household income in the City of San Bernardino in 1989 was $25,533.
However, HOD lists the 1998 median income as $26,845. The 2000
Census identifies the 1999 Median Household Income as $31,140.
Comparison between the City and County based on 2000 data shows that
the City has a higher percentage of people in the low- and very low-
income categories, while the County has a higher percentage of
households in the moderate- and above moderate-income categories.
Therefore, City residents are less able to afford housing than County
residents, increasing the demand for assisted or affordable housing in the
City.
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-6
1999 City and County Income Levels
City County
Income Class Income Households % Households %
Very -Low <$10,000 to $24,999 22,992 40.8 151,546 28.7
Low $25,000 to $34,999 8,048 14.3 66,513 12.6
Moderate $35,000 to $49, 999 9,202 16.3 88,239 16.7
Above Moderate $50,000+ 16,190 28.7 222,541 42.1
Source: 2000 U.S. Census Bureau Data
The median household income in the County in 1999 was $42,066 while
the median household income in the City was $31,140. Table H-7 shows
that there were approximately 5,022 households (8.9%) in the $10,000 to
$14,999 income bracket, which falls within the very low-income
classification. An additional 16.2% were in the low-income category and
14.3% fell within the moderate-income category.
S B
Table H-7
d" H h Id b I
" 1999
an ernar 100 ouse 0 s )y ncome 10
Number of %of
Income Households Households
$150,000+ 761 1.4%
$100,000 - $149,999 2,290 4.1%
$75,000 - $99,999 4,169 7.4%
$50,000 - $74,999 8,829 15.8%
$35,000 - 49,999 9,202 16.3%
$25,000 - $34,999 8,048 14.3%
$15,000 - $24,999 9,131 16.2%
$10,000 - $14,999 5,022 8.9%
Under $10,000 8,839 15.7%
Source: 2000 Census
7. Poverty
According to 2000 Census data, approximately 27.6% of the City's
population were below the poverty level. Of people below the poverty
level, 43% were White, 25% were "Other," 24% were Black, 6% were
Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% were Native American. Although 43% of
people below the poverty level were White, there was a disproportionately
City of San Bernardino
3-11
higher percentage of Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and residents of other
ethnicities below the poverty level.
The highest number of impoverished Whites (50%), Blacks (43%), and
Others (48%) were adults aged 18 to 64 followed by children under age
five, who were likely the children ofthe impoverished adults. The highest
number of impoverished Asian/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans
were between the ages of 18 and 64 (about 42.5%), followed by
impoverished children were between the ages of six and eleven.
An equal percentage of people (48%) below the poverty level in the City
were age 18 to 54 and children age 17 and younger. Forty two percent of
these children were age five and under, and are likely the children of
young single White mothers who are female heads of household. Female
householders represent 58% of all families below the poverty level.
Female householders with children age 17 and younger represent 54% of
all families below the poverty level. Only 4% of all impoverished persons
were age 65 or older, and most (56%) were White. The poverty rates for
each age group do not correlate with the percent of each age group within
the total population. Compared to the total population, a higher percentage
of children are below the poverty level, while a lower percentage of adults
and the elderly are below the poverty level.
Employment Trends
1. Area Employment Profile
Of the City's population age 16 and older, approximately 2% were
employed in the armed forces, 53% were employed civilians, 39% were
not in the labor force by choice, and nearly 7% were unemployed.. Of the
61,337 people who were employed, approximately 18% were employed as
administrative support. Other common occupations were precision
production and craft (14%), other service jobs (13%), professional
specialty (12%), and sales (12%) (National Decision Systems, 1990
Census Data). It should be noted that after the closure of Norton Air Force
Base in 1995, persons residing in the City who were employed in the
armed forces and related civil service sector decreased.
According to the State Employment Development Department (EDD)
1995-2002 projection data for San Bernardino County, the largest
occupations in the County are retail sales, general management, general
office clerks, and cashiers. Approximately 55,710 people were employed
in these occupations in 1995, with a projected growth in 2002 to 82,350.
The fastest growing occupations in the County between 1995 and 2002 are
3-12
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
ushers/lobby attendants (112% growth), cabinetmakers/carpenters (103%),
furniture finishers (90%), machine operators (75%), and construction
(73%). However, with growth the number of people employed in each of
these occupations is far below the number of people working in retail and
general management/clerical positions. For example, it is projected that
there will be 360 ushers/lobby attendants in 2002, while there will be
openings for an additional 8,270 cashiers and 7,150 retail salespersons. A
number of white-collar office jobs, such as bank tellers and typists, will
experience decline between 1995 and 2002 due to changing technologies
and computerization. Various technical professions will also experience
decline, including aircraft engine specialists, power plant operators, and
aircraft assemblers, due to mechanization and technological advances and
plant/base closures. Table H -8 lists the employers in the City of San
Bernardino with 200 or more employees.
of San Bernardino
Em 10 ees
11,516
4,432
3,600
2,000
2,000
1,671
1,585
1,400
1,300
1,000
Center 806
680
650
565
200
Source: San Bernardino Employment Development Agency, 1999
Prima
2. Unemployment
According to the State Economic Development Department, the City of
San Bernardino had a 7.5% unemployment rate as of December 2002,
which is about 6,820 persons of a total labor force of 91 ,430 people. The
unemployment rate for the City is higher than the countywide rate of
5.1 %. In 1990, the City had a significantly higher unemployment rate of
12.7%, compared to the County's unemployment rate of 4.8%. The larger
City of San Bernardino
3-13
historical gap was due to job reductions in several major industries, most
notably the closure of Norton Air Force Base and the relocation ofthe
Burlington Northern Santa Fe shop.
These factors contributed to local unemployment and the decrease in
aviation manufacturing and specialist jobs, which are typically higher
paying jobs. Also, retail service jobs, the most common occupations in the
area, tend to have seasonal swings in employment. Thus, unemployment
rates may vary throughout the year, shrinking during winter holiday
seasons and growing during slow sales periods in the spring.
In analyzing the gap in unemployment rates between the City and County,
it is important to look at education attainment levels, disabilities within the
population, and numbers of persons receiving public assistance.
Table H-9 shows that most adults (60.6%) in the City had a high school
education or less, about the same percentage as countywide. About one-
third of adults had less than a high school education, compared to about
one- fourth of adults countywide. The high proportion of adults without a
high school diploma has no doubt contributed to the higher rate of
unemployment in the City and lower levels of income. Such residents
typically have fewer employable skills.
Table H-9
Educational Attainment
City Percent of County Percent of
Educational Level Population PODulat;on PODulation Population
Less than 9th Grade 14,337 14.4% 102,229 11.4%
9tb to 12tb Grade - No Diploma 20,515 20.7% 151,365 15.4%
High School Graduate (or GED) 25,325 25.5% 246,155 25.0%
Some Colleee - No Degree 21,856 22.0% 252,654 25.7%
Associate Degree 5,734 5.8% 74,289 7.6%
Bachelor's Degree 7,647 7.7% 102,339 10.4%
Graduate or Professional Degree 3,911 3.9% 54,242 5.5%
Source: 2000 U.S. Census Bureau Data
The rate of dependence on public income assistance may also be a factor
in the higher City unemployment rate. Those receiving public assistance
may not want to work because: I) they are receiving enough money to
survive without working; 2) they are afraid that if assistance ceases once
they are employed, they won't earn enough to survive on their wages; or
3) they may lose health care benefits available through MediCal.
3-14
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
In the City of San Bernardino, 6,731 households (11.9%) received public
assistance in 1999 according to Census data. About 34,211 households
(6.5%) in the County received public assistance in 1999.
Special Needs Groups
Special needs are defined as any physical, economic, social, or cultural
characteristics that are present in a substantial percentage ofthe local
population that distinguish individuals from the general population with
respect to their physical and financial housing needs and support services.
Affordability issues are also important to groups such as female-headed
households, college students, farm workers, or military personnel.
1 . Elderly
The elderly face both financial and accessibility problems in finding
suitable housing. Many elderly persons are on a fixed income, which
limits their options, and when compounded by mobility limitations or the
need for extra assistance. As of2000, there were 15,266 persons over age
65 residing in the City. Approximately 1,648 households were elderly
persons below the poverty level (2000 Census).
Of the elderly households, about two-thirds resided in owner occupied
housing units, while one-third were renter households in 1990. However,
this does not mean that older households do not experience financial
difficulties in properly maintaining their homes, paying customary
housing expenses, or meeting monthly rental expenses. The Census
reports (1990) that 15% of the homeowners 65 years of age or more and
61 % ofthe renters in this age group paid 30% or more for housing. Data
on households 65 and older indicate that a substantial number (although
by no means the majority) ofthese older adults may need either income
and/or housing assistance.
2. Mobility and Self-Care Limitations
Approximately 5% of the City's non-institutionalized residents have
physical conditions that affect their ability to live independently in a
conventional residential environment. These individuals have mobility
impairments, self-care limitations, or other conditions that may require
special housing accommodations or financial assistance. Individuals with
such disabilities can have a number of special needs that distinguish them
from the population at large.
Some people with mobility and/or self-care limitations are able to live
with families to assist them with housing. A segment ofthe disabled
City of San Bernardino
3-15
population, particularly low-income and retired individuals, may not have
the financial capacity to pay for needed accommodations or modifications
to their homes. In addition, even those able to pay for special housing
accommodations may find them unavailable in the City.
Although the California Administrative Code Title 24 requires all public
buildings be accessible to the public through architectural standards such
as ramp ways, large doors, and restroom modifications to enable handicap
access, this provision does not extend to most residential projects.
According to 2000 Census data, there were approximately 31,800 non-
institutionalized disabled persons over age 20 in San Bernardino. An
analysis of Table H-lO shows that most disabled persons in the City and
County were between the ages of 16 and 64 in 1990. However, 67% of
the disabled between the ages of65 and 74 and 69% ofthe disabled over
age 75 in the City were women. Overall, the City had higher percentages
of people with mobility and/or self-care limitations than the County. This
may be due to a larger number of services offered in the City, or it could
be a result of lower living costs in the City that attracts people with limited
budgets due to their special needs.
Table H-IO
Mobility and Self-care Limitation Status of Civilian Non-
Institutionalized Persons
Ci
Mobili Limitation Onl
Self-care Limitation Onl
Mobili and Self-care Limitation
No Mobility or Self-care Limitation
Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data
3-16
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
3. Persons with Disabilities
Three types of disabled persons are considered as having special housing
needs: Physically, Mentally and Developmentally Disabled. Each
category is unique and requires specific attention in terms of access to
housing, employment, social services, medical services, recreation and
entertainment. According to the 2000 Census, there were a total of 36,635
persons with disabilities within the City of San Bernardino. This accounts
for 19.8% per the total City population. Compared with the County of
17.7% and the statewide of6.8%, the number of disabled persons living
within San Bernardino is significantly higher. Of the total number of
disabled persons, 29,353, or 80.1 %, are between the ages of 5 and 65, and
7,282, or 19.9%, are 65 years and older.
4. Female Heads of Household
Most female-headed households are either single elderly women or single
mothers. Traditionally, these two groups have been considered special
needs groups because their incomes tend to be lower, making it difficult to
obtain affordable housing, or because they have specific physical needs
related to housing (such as child care or assisted living support). Of the
56,330 households in the City in 2000, 11,890 or 21 % were female-headed
family households.
According to 2000 Census data for the City, female-headed households
comprised 44% of all families below the poverty level. Because of the
high percentage, it is difficult to find adequate housing that is both
affordable and able to accommodate a family. As a result, female heads of
households often spend more on immediate needs such as food, clothing,
transportation, and medical care, than on home maintenance, which results
in living units falling into disrepair.
5. Large Families
In 1990, there were approximately 9,330 households of five or more
persons in the City and 78,476 households of five or more persons in the
County. Of the total number of households in the City, 4,647 were five
persons, 2,221 were six persons, and 2,462 were seven or more persons.
Comparatively, households of five or more in both the City and County
made up 17% of the total number of households.
As shown in Table H-11, the number oflarge households in San
Bernardino that own the units they occupy (4,073) is slightly less than the
number oflarge households that rent (5,074). In addition, the City
City of San Bernardino
3-17
3-18
contains more housing units with four or more bedrooms than the number
oflarge households with the need for multi-bedroom dwelling units.
Table H-ll
'0
. dU .
Tenure by Persons ID ccuple nits
Number of Persons Owner Renter
in Household Occupied Occupied
5 2,050 2,383
6 988 1,257
7+ 1,035 1,434
Total 4,073 5,074
Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data
6. College Students
College students may have limited budgets due to the cost of education
and finding adequate part-time employment. Often students choose to live
off campus to reduce living costs, selecting substandard housing or over
crowded conditions. California State University, San Bernardino is
located within the City and has a student emollment of approximately
12,000. However, the 1994 Student Needs and Priorities Survey revealed
that on-campus housing was a low priority to students and that most
students commuted from their homes. Since the majority of students come
from within the community, and likely live with their parents or other
family members, affordable student housing does not appear to be an
unmet need in the community.
7. Farm Workers
During early years in the history of the City of San Bernardino, agriculture
was an important component of the City's as well as the region's
economy. The citrus industry particularly was a central feature of the
economy and employment base, and strongly influenced the development
patterns within the San Bernardino Valley. With the post World War II
development boom, however, the once prolific orange groves and grape
vineyards began to rapidly disappear. Today, there are only historical
reminders of the once thriving agricultural influence, the most notable
being the National Orange Show.
Farm workers tend to have low incomes due to the manual nature of their
work, and they tend to have families with children and larger sized
families. Migrant farm workers need affordable housing but on a seasonal
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
basis. According to 2000 Census data, there were 269 people employed in
farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. This is only 0.4% of the City's
total population age 16 and over. The need for farm worker housing is less
than significant since the City is not a center of agricultural production.
The County and City Housing Authorities, and the County Agricultural
Commissioner did not have further information regarding agricultural
employment, farm worker housing, or housing needs for farm workers.
According to the California Department of Housing and Community
Development, while there is no farm worker housing in the City of San
Bernardino, Farm worker housing exists in agricultural areas ofthe
County, the nearest being those located in Beaumont and Indio.
8. Homeless
Homelessness is caused by a number of social and economic factors
including a breakdown of traditional social relationships, unemployment,
shortage oflow-income housing, and the deinstitutionalization ofthe
mentally ill. A homeless person lacks consistent and adequate shelter.
Homeless persons can be considered resident (those remaining in an area
year-round), or transient. Emergency and transitional shelters can help to
address the needs ofthe homeless. Emergency shelters provide a short-
term solution to homelessness and involve limited supplemental services.
In contrast, transitional shelters are directed towards removing the basis
for homelessness. Shelter is provided for an extended period oftime, and
is combined with other social services and counseling to assist in the
transition to self-sufficiency.
The nature of the homeless population makes exact counting difficult. The
1990 Census found 53 "visible" people living on the streets and 916
people in homeless shelters. Because the homeless move around and are
not always visible on the street it is difficult to get an accurate count of
homeless persons in a community. The San Bernardino County Homeless
Coalition conducted a survey in 1997 and found 2,254 homeless people in
the County, including an estimate of people likely to become homeless by
2000.
Agencies Offering Public Assistance
There are 30 public service organizations and agencies in the City ranging
from after school activities for children to senior meal delivery. The
larger facilities include:
. The Frazee Community Shelter operates 5 emergency shelters,
with a total of 77 beds and 100 clients and a hot meal program and
City of San Bernardino
3-19
3-20
job training referral service. Approximately 28,821 people utilize
the emergency shelter services each year. They also assist with
rent deposits and utilities, clean clothing, and bus tickets.
Approximately 53% of their clients are families with children. The
average stay in one of their shelters is two to three weeks.
.
Mary's Mercy Center operates three facilities and provides
essential services such as meals, emergency food bags, clothing,
showers, and laundry services. They serve approximately 600
clients and serve mostly single men and women.
.
Option House also operates three facilities, but they provide
transitional shelter as well as meals, showers, and counseling
programs. There are 31 beds available to serve their 33 clients and
the average stay is 60 days. Option House is specifically for
victims of family violence.
.
The Salvation Army operates its primary facility in the City of San
Bernardino, but also provides services in nearby cities. They
operate 87 beds for 162 clients, with an average stay of 30 days.
Mostly single adults, battered women, and families use this
program with children. In addition to emergency shelter, the
Salvation Army offers meals, referral services, and counseling.
The Mentally III Homeless Program offers a 50-bed shelter for 700
mentally ill persons annually. They also provide case
management, employment training, skill honing, and referral
services. Although they have no plans for expansion, they do need
additional beds to serve the needs of the community.
.
Catholic Charities of San Bernardino/Riverside does not run a
shelter facility, but does give vouchers/assistance for those seeking
shelter in motels or other shelters. They also provide utility
disconnection and eviction prevention services, along with other
counseling, training, and emergency/food assistance.
.
The Children's Fund, Inc. offers shelter assistance to children age
18 and under as well as food, clothing, and essentials. They serve
30,000 to 40,000 children annually.
City of San Bernardino
Group Homes and Institutional Quarters
Group homes offer special assistance to a variety of housing needs ranging
from correctional facilities to college dormitories to nursing homes.
Census data showed 3.765 persons in institutionalized group quarters and
2,084 persons in non-institutionalized group quarters in 2000. Patton State
Hospital in San Bernardino serves 1,239 patients, although it only has
enough beds for 1,145. Patton State Hospital is one of the largest public
health facilities in California for the mentally ill and serves patients
throughout the State.
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
3-21
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3-22
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
HOUSING NEEDS
Existing Housing Stock
1 . Housing Composition
According to the 2000 Census, the City had 63,535 housing units. Of
these, approximately 7,205 housing units were vacant in 2000, for an
11.3% vacancy rate. This was broken down into a homeowner vacancy
rate of 6.1 % and a rental vacancy rate of 9.7%. In comparison, the County
had 72,775 vacant housing units, for a vacancy rate of 12.1 %.
Of the 56,330 occupied housing units, 29,536 (52.4%) were owner-
occupied and 26,794 (47.6%) were renter-occupied. A large percentage of
units in the City are multiple dwelling units, particularly large multiple
dwelling units of five or more units within a housing structure. This is
likely a result of a larger population on limited incomes and single adults
who prefer (or can only afford) lower cost and lower maintenance
housing. Since 1995, nearly all of the units constructed in the City were
single-family detached housing units. This is a growing demand for these
units as housing prices are relatively low in San Bernardino compared to
outlying cities and counties, and a weak demand for and/or financing
obstacles to the production of market-rate rental housing in the City.
Table H-12 shows the annual changes in the housing stock between
January 1990 and January 1999 as estimated by the California Department
of Finance.
Table H-12
1990 throu2h 1999 Housin2 Estimates for the City of San Bernardino
Housinl! Units
Sinr!le Multiple Mobile % Persons
Year Total Detached Attached 2t04 5 Plus Homes Occupied Vacant Per HH
1990 58,969 33,255 1,943 5,912 13,450 4,409 54,635 7.4 2.9
1991 61,336 34,597 1,998 6,084 13,975 4,682 56,827 7.4 2.9
1992 62,575 35,439 2,016 6,244 14,185 4,691 57,930 7.4 3.0
1993 63,223 35,932 2,026 6,316 14,237 4,712 58,514 7.5 3.0
1994 63,593 36,266 2,026 6,362 14,263 4,676 58,857 7.5 3.0
1995 63,966 36,435 2,026 6,364 14,465 4,676 59,102 7.6 3.0
1996 64,059 36,526 2,026 6,366 14,465 4,676 59,188 7.6 3.0
1997 64,170 36,637 2,026 6,366 14,465 4,676 59,147 7.8 3.0
1998 64,236 36,703 2,026 6,366 14,465 4,676 59,208 7.8 3.0
1999 64,400 36,867 2,026 6,366 14,465 4,676 59,359 7.8 3.0
)urce: California Department of Finance, ) 990-) 999 City/County Population and Housing Estimates,
1990-) 999; 2000 Census
City of San Bernardino
3-23
Housing Costs
Housing prices are substantially lower in the City of San Bernardino than
in many surrounding communities and countywide. Lower housing costs
are consistent with a population of more lower-income residents. A
number of units are available at rates affordable for very low-income
individuals or families. For example, a person with a very low-income of
$15,000 could spend up to $375 a month on a one-bedroom apartment,
which is approximately 30% of their income. A sample of apartment
complexes in the City revealed that the average one-bedroom unit was
around $426 per month. Two-bedroom units in the San Bernardino
average $524 per month, while three-bedroom apartment units average
$681 per month. Other types of rental in the City were slightly lower than
the average apartment complex unit, suggesting that apartments may have
somewhat inflated rates or that homes and other rental units may be of
poor quality compared to apartment units. Compared to other areas in San
Bernardino County and surrounding counties, rental rates are fairly
inexpensive due to the depressed status of the housing market. There are
more housing units than can be sold or rented in the City. However, the
condition of the housing stock may be in disrepair causing people to build
new units, and further drive down the market, or limiting people's choices
due to expensive needed repairs on available housing units. Table H-13
lists various rental rates of apartment complexes and other rental units in
the City in 1999.
,
3-24
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
$425
$415
$450
$475
$375
$510
$460
$400
$325
$525
$435
$550
$575
$450
$585
$525
$475
$425
$695
$625
$575
$650
$725
$595
$810
$560
$695
Home $375-$400 $525-$700 $495-$775 $600-$1,200
Tri lex $375
Du lex $295 $450-$570
Room $250-$275
Source: San Bernardino County Sun Classified, November, 1999, and Springstreet.com 1999
There are 43 mobile home parks in the City offering 4,126 single, double,
and triple-wide spaces. The average range of rents is between $250 and
$300 and no rents exceeded $350 in the sample taken from the mobile
home parks.
Table H-14 lists prices of homes sold between 1998 and 1999. The highest
percentage of homes was three-bedroom single-family units, followed by
two-bedroom single-family units. Comparison between single-family
homes and multi-family hO)l1es/condominiums, show that condominiums
were less costly than single-family homes. However, there were nine
three-bedroom condominiums that sold for over $3,000,000, suggesting
that the average price would be lower had these expensive units not been
sold. The California Association of Realtors lists the median housing
prices for the City and County as of October 1999 as $83,500 and
$115,000, respectively. These rates increased by approximately $2,000
between September and October for nearly a 6% increase in the City and
nearly a 2% increase in the County. The median price had not increased
in the City for a year, but had increased over 7% in the year for County
homes. Between October and November 1999, median home prices in the
City grew by an additional 6%.
City of San Bernardino
3-25
3-26
Table H-14
1998-1999 City of San Bernardino Home Prices
Bedrooms Units Sold Median Averaj!e Ranj!e % of Total
I 87 $60,000 $58,108 $21,000-$487,045 2%
2 1,245 $70,000 $70,809 $21,000-$530,000 34%
3 1,642 $85,000 $87,436 $21,000-$1,022,300 45%
4 509 $98,000 $106,132 $23,000-$585,000 14%
5+ 47 $135,000 $146,905 $37,000-$500,000 1%
Total 3,530 - - - 96%
I 20 $34,000 $33,325 $22,500-$47,500 1%
2 82 $52,000 $56,358 $27,500-$155,000 2%
3+ 36 $67,000 $71,250 $30,000-$109,000 1%
Total 138 - - - 40/0
Note: Sales of $20,000 or less were not counted, as they do not represent true public sales of
adequate units. Approximately nine 3+-bedroom condominiums and 13 two-bedroom condominiums
sold for $3,800,000. These sales were not included as they are not representative of the majority of
units and artificially inflate the average price of these types of units.
Source: LA Times, Dataquick, December 1999
Currently, there are 407 HUD repossessed homes for sale in the City's
housing market, down from over 1,000 in 1995. Homes range from a low
of$21,000 to a high of$154,000. The number of bedrooms ranges from
one to eight, although most were two and three bedroom houses.
Table H -15 compares new home prices in the County to other counties in
the region. According to the table, new home prices in San Bernardino
County were the least expensive in the region. Although this means that
housing in the area is more affordable to households with lower incomes,
it also attracts people with low-incomes as affordable housing may not be
available in surrounding counties.
Table H-15
1999 Comparative New Home
Prices Avera es
Coun Avera e Price
San Die 0 $260,000
Ventura $347,000
Oran e $318,000
Los An eles $266,000
Riverside $195,500
San Bernardino $177 ,000
Source: Inland Empire Quarterly Report,
October 1999
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Income and Affordability
As stated previously, there are four income categories typically used for
comparative purposes based on the median income, which represents the
mid-point at which half of all households earn more and half earn less.
A standard measure of housing affordability is that housing expenses
should not exceed 30% ofa household's income, on the average. Those
who pay 30% or more of their income on housing may experience
difficulty in affording other basic necessities. However, to truly evaluate
housing affordability, individual circumstances and factors must be taken
into account. These circumstances and other factors include other long-
term debt, mortgage interest rates, the number of children in a household,
and other large, ongoing expenses (such as medical bills). Since it is
impossible to take each household's individual circumstances into
account, the 30% rule-of-thumb provides a general measure of housing
affordability for the average household. Table H -16 shows the number of
households paying over 30% of their income on housing. Some
households choose to pay over 30% oftheir income for various reasons,
such as location, aesthetics, or other features. Other households choose to
pay larger percentages of their income on housing because they may
receive tax advantages or are investing with the knowledge that their
income will increase so that they pay a lower percentage of their income
on a long-term basis. In contrast, some households are forced to pay a
large percentage of their income either because they cannot afford
anything less, or they are limited to certain costs due to a lack of available
low-cost housing options. Approximately 60% of all low-income
households in the City pay over 30% of their income on housing.
Table H-16
Number of Households Paying Over 30% of Income on
H .
ousmg
Income Owners Renters Total
Very Low-Income 2,324 11,877 14,201
Lower-Income 1,876 1,373 3,249
Total 4,200 13,250 17,450
Note: 1990 U.S. Census data uses income ranges that do not correspond exactly
to the income categories. Therefore, there are people in the lower-income
category that actually fall into the moderate-income category and likewise
between the very low- and lower-income categories. The numbers in the table
include more persons than are actually in those categories.
Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data
City of San Bernardino
3-27
Further analysis of housing expenditures as a percent of income shows
that most owners pay zero to 24% of their income on housing (Table H-
17). Renters with income below $20,000 tend to pay a higher percentage
of their income on housing. However, renters with incomes above
$20,000 usually paid less than 25% of their income on housing. The
majority of people in the $50,000 or more income level paid 0% to 24% of
their income on housing whether they rented or owned.
0-24%
25-29%
30-34%
35%+
Total
0-24% 1 % 3% 13% 11 % 7% 35%
25-29% 2% 3% 4% 1% 0% 10%
30-34% 2% 4% 3% 0% 0% 9%
35%+ 23% 17% 3% 0% 0% 43%
Total 28% 27% 23% 12% 7% 97%*
*Note: Not all households were computed, therefore totals do not equal 100% of all households.
Source: 1990 u.S. Census Bureau Data
1. Affordability Trends
Table H -18 shows the median gross rent in relation to income in 1990 as
such data is not available for 1999. According to Census data, the median
gross rent was $485 in the City and $556 in San Bernardino County.
People with very low-incomes had a number of affordable options as 27%
of all apartment units in the City had rents below 30% oftheir income.
People with low-incomes had many more options than those with very
low-incomes, and could easily afford the median rent. The rents were
primarily within the range of people with low-incomes. However, those
with moderate-incomes had the most options as at least 96% of the units in
the City and 91 % of the units in the County were within an affordable
3-28
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
range. However, approximately 36% ofthe City's population falls in the
very low-income category and therefore, it is necessary to increase the
number of units affordable to very low-income groups even though the
City has over a quarter of its units dedicated to this income group. It is
important to note that the percentage of apartments affordable within the
low- and moderate-income groups is cumulative and include the
percentage from the previous income group.
Table H-18
Median Rent in Relation to Median Income
Affordable Rent % of City % of County
Income Group Limit Apartments Apartments
Very Low $418 At least 27% At least 17%
Low $669 At least 81% At least 67%
Moderate $1,003 At least 96% At least 91 %
Source: 1990 U.S. Bureau of Census
A household can typically qualify to purchase a home that is 2.5 to 3.0
times the annual income ofthat household, depending on the down
payment, the level of other long-term obligations (such as a car loan), and
interest rates. In practice, the interaction of these factors allows some
households to qualify for homes priced at more than three times their
annual income, while other households may be limited to purchasing
homes no more than two times their annual incomes. Based on the homes
sold in the last year and affordability rates at 3.0 times the annual income
of a three-person household, Table H -19 shows that there were 567 homes
affordable to three-person households in the very low-income category. It
is important to note that subsidized or assisted housing is not included in
these housing costs as they are not likely to be listed in local papers.
Table H-19
For Sale Units Affordable to Lower-Income Households in 1999
Percent of
Affordability Homes Sold in All Houses
Income Group Level 1998-99 Sold
Very Low-Income $50,163 567 15%
Low-Income $80,263 1,914 51%
Moderate-Income $120,395 3,330 89%
Note: Housmg unit totals for low and moderate-income households are cumulative. Houses
sold for below $20,000 were not included.
Source: LA Times Dataquick Home Prices, 1998-1999
City of San Bernardino
3-29
Annual Growth of Housing Stock
Table H-20 summarizes building activity in San Bernardino over the past
ten years. The majority of housing units built in this period are privately
owned single dwelling units. One publicly owned single dwelling unit
was built in July of 1999, however, pre-l 997 data does not distinguish
between new private and public buildings, and therefore this information
cannot be distinguished before 1997. In contrast, data for 1997 through
1999 does not list mobile home building activity, and therefore, it is
unknown how many mobile units were constructed in this period.
Although building activity was strong between 1989 and 1994, growth of
new housing units slowed significantly and has shifted away from mobile
homes and multiple dwelling complexes to focus almost entirely on single
dwelling units.
Table 8-20
Buildine: Permit Activity Summary
Number of Total Housing Single Multiple
Permits - All Value for the Dwelling Dwelling Mobile
Year Buildings Year Units Complexes Homes
1989 2,994 $70,348,204 659 40 80
1990 4,412 $99,829,343 847 26 20
1991 3,747 $47,364,464 412 6 9
1992 3,473 $47,126,451 368 18 13
1993 2,772 $42,221,488 297 28 17
1994 2,490 $18,845,736 171 1 29
1995 2,680 $10,590,368 96 0 2
1996 2,735 $11,317,241 97 0 2
1997 110* $13,034,685 110 0 N/A
1998 140* $17,227,662 137 3 N/A
1999 114* $13,745,231 114 0 N/A
*Total number of permits unavailable; the numbers represent only permits for housing units.
Source: San Bernardino Development Services Department 1999
Age and Condition of Housing Stock
Adequate utilities within a housing unit are a measure of the unit's ability
to provide people with decent housing. The Census data shows that the
majority of housing units were connected to a public or private company
water system (58,678) while 49 housing units received water from another
3-30
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
source. Seventy-seven housing units were connected to individual wells.
Most housing units were connected to the public sewer (57,007).
However, 1,620 units were connected to a septic tank or cesspool, and 177
units achieved sewage disposal through other means. Heating fuel for
occupied housing units ranged from gas and electricity to wood and solar
energy. Of the occupied housing units in the City, 45,438 had utility gas,
476 had tank gas, 8,012 had electricity, 235 were fueled by wood, 13 used
fuel oil or kerosene, 40 utilized solar energy, 60 used another type of fuel,
and 208 had no heating fuel.
The year a structure was built can, at times, be an indicator of the current
condition of the housing unit. Housing units built before 1940 may be old,
but may not necessarily be in a rundown condition. In contrast, newer
homes that were built equipped with adequate utilities and amenities may
already be rundown due to abuse or just general lack of care. However, it
is useful to look at the age of the housing stock to determine where
inadequacies may lie, or why certain units remain vacant. Table H-21
shows that the highest percentage of vacant units were newer and that the
highest percentage of housing units in the City were built in the 1980s,
although nearly 10,000 units were built during each decade between the
1940s and 1990s. The year 1963 represents the median year structures
were built according to Census data.
~2e 0 OUSIDl! OItS
Total Housing Vacant
Year Built Units Housinf! Units
1980-1990 14,199 1,231
1970-1979 8,999 631
1960-1969 8,848 551
1950-1959 12,966 822
1940-1949 7,665 480
1939 or earlier 6,127 607
Table H-21
A fH U
Source: 1990 U.s. Census Bureau Data
One hundred and seventy-three occupied units that lacked complete
plumbing facilities had householders between the ages of 15 and 64.
Twenty-six householders over age 64 lived in units without complete
plumbing facilities. However, occupied units lacking complete plumbing
facilities comprised less than 1 % of all occupied households. Therefore, an
overwhelming number of homes in the City are new and do not lack
critical features such as plumbing. However, basic maintenance, such as
City of San Bernardino
3-31
roof repairs, new paint, and cleanliness will need to be encouraged to keep
the housing stock viable.
1. 1999 Housing Condition Survey
The City conducted a general block-by-block analysis of housing
conditions in all areas of the City except neighborhoods and subdivisions
developed after the mid-l 980s. The objective of the survey was to assess
the overall, predominant conditions of properties and dwelling units at the
block level, in contrast to a property/housing conditions survey of
individual dwelling units. A summary of the survey findings is included in
Table H-22.
The survey areas included nearly 50,000 dwelling units, about 75% of the
City's housing stock. The survey examined exterior property and dwelling
unit conditions using a point scoring system for yard
maintenance/appearance and the conditions of major exterior components
of dwelling units.
General property conditions on each block were rated according to the
condition of the paving, landscape, walls and fences, and the amount of
debris surrounding dwellings. The dwelling units on each block were 35
shows the number of blocks per property and dwelling unit condition
rating.
In general, there was a close correlation between property conditions and
dwelling unit conditions at the block level. On about 9% of the blocks
surveyed, however, property conditions varied significantly from dwelling
unit conditions. On about 60% of blocks with substantial differences
between housing and property conditions, the majority of dwelling units
were in excellent or sound condition while the majority of properties had
only fair or poor maintenance. Conversely, on about 40% of the blocks
with substantial differences, the majority of dwelling units needed minor
or moderate rehabilitation while the majority of properties were well-
maintained (excellent or good condition). Blocks with substantial
differences between dwelling unit and property conditions were generally
scattered throughout the City.
3-32
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Excellent 417 45% 29 23%
Good 121 13% 36 29%
Fair 113 12% 42 33%
Poor 151 16% 19 15%
Severely Deteriorated 121 13% 0 0%
Excellent 318 34% 31 25%
Sound 272 30% 47 37%
Minor Rehabilitation 263 29% 31 25%
Moderate Rehabilitation 68 7% 17 13%
Substantial Rehabilitation I 0% 0 0%
Dila idated 0 0% 0 0%
Source: Parsons 1999
Although there are poorly maintained properties and dwelling units in
need of rehabilitation or replacement scattered throughout older city
neighborhoods, the predominant need in most residential areas appears to
be for the correction of deferred maintenance, minor rehabilitation, and/or
the replacement of landscaping.
The survey results indicate that the property conditions in the majority of
blocks (58%) were excellent or good. Nearly 30% of the blocks surveyed,
however, had properties in predominantly poor or severely deteriorated
condition. Although a lower percentage of multi-family properties (52%)
were rated as excellent or good, most ofthe remaining properties were in
fair conditions (rather than poor or severely deteriorated).
The housing condition survey results indicate that the predominant
housing needs on most blocks (nearly 60%) are for deferred maintenance,
such as repainting, minor roof repairs, or door/window repair, or for minor
rehabilitation. A higher percentage of multi-family dwellings than single-
family dwellings (13% versus 6%) need moderate rehabilitation.
The biggest problem for properties in San Bernardino appears to be
landscaping maintenance. Unkempt lawns, overgrown trees and bushes,
and other yard deficiencies reduce the character and value of
neighborhoods, but can easily be rehabilitated to rejuvenate
City of San Bernardino
3-33
neighborhoods. Deteriorating walls and fences were also common,
particularly on blocks with multi-family properties. Visible debris was a
common problem in single-family neighborhoods, with 29 blocks
exhibiting severe litter in the yard such as appliances, cars, and furniture.
A few blocks had severe problems in almost all property condition
categories (except walls and fencing where there were none).
Ofthe housing condition problems noted in the survey, deteriorated roofs
and siding (including a need for repainting) appeared to be the most
prevalent problems.
The majority of blocks with property and/or dwelling unit problems were
had dwelling units mostly over 30 years old. Blocks with predominantly
newer housing were usually good or excellent condition, although there
were some properties in need of minor repairs and clean up. At 30 years
of age, many property and dwelling unit components are beyond their
useful lives and need repair or replacement.
In summary, newer neighborhoods are in better condition than older, more
centrally located neighborhoods, although all neighborhoods were
interspersed with dwellings in need of some additional repair or
maintenance.
2. Housing Accommodations
The number of bedrooms within a housing unit can also characterize the
housing stock in a community as shown in Table H-23. One- and two-
bedroom units had the highest percentage of vacancy per total units of
their type. However, they also represented the majority of housing types
in the City, which suggests that there were an adequate number ofthese
highly desirable units in a community composed primarily of smaller sized
households. It should also be noted that although there were few five or
more bedroom units, they were all occupied, suggesting that there may be
a need for larger sized units. Because the overwhelming majority of
housing units have complete plumbing and kitchen facilities, and are
served with public utilities, it is unlikely that housing conditions represent
a problem that requires governmental action. However, low property
values do not provide strong economic incentives to property owners to
maintain the housing stock in sound condition.
3-34
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-23
H U'
Number of Bedrooms Per OUSID2 mt
Number of Total Housing Vacant Housing
Bedrooms Units Units
No Bedroom 1,900 137
1 bedroom 12,185 1,180
2 bedrooms 21,625 2,017
3 bedrooms 17,894 901
4 bedrooms 4,819 87
5 or more bedrooms 381 0
Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data
3. Overcrowding
Overcrowding typically results when either: I) the housing costs of
available housing with a sufficient number of bedrooms for larger families
exceeds the family's ability to afford such housing, or 2) unrelated
individuals (such as students or low-wage single adult workers) share
dwelling units due to high housing costs. This can lead to overcrowded
situations if the housing unit is not large enough to accommodate all of the
people efficiently. In general, overcrowding is a measure of the ability of
existing housing to adequately accommodate residents and can result in
deterioration of the quality oflife within a community. Nearly 50% ofthe
housing units in the City had between four and five rooms as shown on
Table H-24. There were approximately 2.9 people per occupied housing
unit.
Table H-24
R H U 't' 2000
ooms per OUSID2 OJ ID
Number of Rooms Per Unit Total Units
1 room 1,933
2 rooms 5,995
3 rooms 10,904
4 rooms 12,076
5 rooms 13,116
6 rooms 10,460
7 rooms 5,722
8 rooms 2,044
9+ rooms 1,163
Median Number of Rooms 4.6
Source: 2000 U.S. Census Bureau Data for San Bernardino
City of San Bernardino
3-35
There were a total of 150,298 bedrooms in 1990, with approximately 1.09
people per room. This number lowers slightly to 1.07 when studio
dwellings are included. In 1990, approximately 137 studios and 11,453
bedrooms were vacant. Over 45% of these vacancies were in two
bedroom dwellings, which may have been unaffordable to very low-
income individuals or were too small for larger families.
The Census defines overcrowding as 1.01 or more persons per room, and
extreme overcrowding as more than 1.5 persons per room. Since data in
relation to overcrowding have not been broken down into housing type by
number of rooms, type of household, or by household income,
overcrowding must be evaluated in terms of other factors such as cultural
expectations, size of rooms, availability and type of common areas or open
space, and the age and relationship of persons in the unit.
Tables 25 and 26 summarize the overcrowding status in the City. Fifteen
percent of the City's occupied housing units were overcrowded, compared
to 11 % of the County's occupied housing units. In 1990, there were 5,603
(21 %) renter-occupied and 2,321 (9%) owner-occupied units, totaling
7,924 units, defined as overcrowded in the City. In contrast, Census
figures for the County was 16% for renter-occupied and 6% for owner-
occupied units. Compared to the County there is a significant rate of
overcrowding in the City.
p
P R
Table H-25
. All
ersons er oom ID Occupied HouslD~ VOlts
Persons City Percent Countv Percent
0.50 or less 28,309 52% 251,009 54%
0.51 to 1.00 18,249 33% 166,239 36%
1.01 to 1.50 3,926 7% 25,884 6%
1.51 to 2.00 2,293 4% 13,095 3%
2.01 or more 1,705 3% 8,510 2%
Source: 1990 u.s. Census Bureau Data
3-36
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-26
Overcrowded Housin
Percent of Total
Occupied Rental
Units
Percent of Total
Occupied Owner
Units
1.01 to 1.50 14,476
1.51 or more 14,361
Total 28,837
Source: 1990 U.S. Census Bureau Data
8%
8%
16%
11,408
7,244
25,896
4%
2%
6%
Assisted Rental Housing Eligible to Convert to
Market Rentals
In 1989, the California Government Code was amended to include a
requirement that localities identify and develop a program in their housing
elements for the preservation of assisted, affordable multi-family units.
Subsequent amendments have clarified the scope of the analysis to also
include units developed pursuant to inclusionary housing and density
bonus programs. In the preservation analysis, localities are required to
provide an inventory of assisted, affordable units that are eligible to
convert within ten years. As part ofthe analysis, an estimation of the cost
of preserving versus replacing the units is to be included, as well as
programs designed to preserve the affordable units.
Assisted housing projects in the City can alleviate the financial hardships
low-income households may face. Assisted housing projects are those that
offer financial aid or provide extra services for people in need of financial
or basic living assistance. There are a variety of programs, each focusing
on a specific need or with a specific goal to eliminate unmet housing
needs in the community.
The California Housing Finance Agency has three listings for State
assisted housing projects in San Bernardino. One project, DOljil Estates is
owned by CHF A and therefore does not have contract expiration dates.
The second project, Victoria Woods, is a non-Section 8 non-Section 202
senior complex that has only received a loan from CHF A, and therefore,
does not have an expiration date. These projects are based on 50% ofthe
City of San Bernardino
3-37
median income and are therefore, directed toward very low-income
households. The third project is Little Zion Manor, which operates low-
income family and senior units. The Section 8 contract for Little Zion
Manor is due to expire in 2021. Under Section 8 assistance, eligible
tenants pay 30% of their income for rent, and the difference between the
tenant's contribution and HUD pays the actual rent through operating
subsidies to owners. Assistance is tied to the project and rent is subsidized
only as long as the tenant occupies the unit.
HUD's November 1999 rental listings for the City lists 15 assisted multi-
family housing complexes. Of these 15 complexes, seven offer elderly
units for a total of 841 designated elderly units. Thirteen of the complexes
listed by HUD are Section 8 assisted complexes, offering a total of 1,181
units. All of the assisted housing projects listed by HUD had no vacancies
as of November. Of the fifteen projects, the terms of affordability on ten
have expired, and the owners are free to charge whatever rent they desire.
Ofthe five remaining projects with active affordability agreements, three
are at-risk of conversion to market rate housing between 2000 and 2010,
representing 218 very low-income units. Ofthese units, 188 are owned
and operated by non-profit organizations that are unlikely to convert the
rentals to market-rate housing. See (Table H-27.)
With regard to Section 8 projects, the property owner can opt to terminate
the Section 8 contract (opt-out), orrenew the contract for another five
years. The primary incentive for Section 8 property owners to opt-out is
the higher rent that would be paid for these units at market value.
In order for the property owner to successfully opt-out ofthe Section 8
contract, the owner must satisfy certain procedural requirements. A
Notice of Intent (NO!) must be filed with HUD one year before the
termination date that indicates the owner's intent to convert the units to
market rate. Failure to file an NOI within the specified timeframe, or
follow the other procedures to opt-out of the Section 8 contract results in
an automatic contract rollover for five years.
Upon filing of an NOI, HUD may offer several incentives to property
owners to remain in their contracts including re-financing the property
mortgage, and establishing higher rents charged for the projects.
Pursuant to Section 65863.10 of the Government Code, the property
owner of a Section 8 contract must also provide six months advanced
notification to each tenant household if the property owner intends to
terminate the Section 8 contract. The notice must indicate the anticipated
date of conversion and the anticipated rent increase. The property owner
is also required to serve notice to the City.
3-38
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-27
Hun A 0 dM 10 f 01 H
S f 8C t t
- SSlste u tI- amuy ousmg - ec Ion on rac s
Owner Expiration Risk Section 8 Total
Name Tvpe Date Assessment Units Units
Arrow Vista Non-Profit 03/25/05 Low Risk- 40 40
Apartments Restricted or NP
Little Zion Manor -- 06/30/21 Post-2005 125 125
Expiration
St. Bemardine Plaza Non-Profit 03/22/01 Low Risk- 148 150
Restricted or NP
Sterling Village -- 04/28/13 Post-2005 80 80
Expiration
Greenbriar at the Park Profit 12/09/05 Insufficient Data 30 160
Motivated
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, California Housing Partnership
Corporation
Fair market rents for the San Bernardino County area in fiscal year 2000
are provided in Table H-28 below. For the 40th percentile fair market
rents for manufactured home spaces in the Section 8 Choice Housing
Program, space rents in San Bernardino County are listed at $304 for
fiscal year 2000 (Federal Register, October 1999).
Table H-28
Fair Market Rents for Existing Housing in San Bernardino County
Studio One Bedroom Two Bedroom Three Bedroom Four Bedroom
$448 $499 $609 $845 $999
Source: Federal Register, HUD, October I, 1999
The cost of conserving the assisted and inclusionary units is estimated to
be significantly less than that required to replace the units through new
construction. Detailed information is not available to calculate the
difference in cost between preserving and constructing units affordable to
low income households. The difference between very low income and
market rate rents requires the most subsidy. Preserving low- and
moderate-income units does not require as much subsidy. Since land
prices and land availability are generally the limiting factors to
development of low income housing, it is estimated that subsidizing rents
to preserve assisted housing is more feasible and economical than new
construction.
City of San Bernardino
3-39
There are three methods of assisting low-income tenants living in at-risk
units: 1) provide monthly rental subsidies in the private market, 2) acquire
and preserve the presently subsidized units, and 3) construct comparable
replacement units.
The estimated cost of providing monthly subsidies to 218 very low-
income households could range from $0 to $1.2 million annually, based on
the range of rents in the local housing market and assuming that those
being assisted will, on the average, have incomes between 30% and 50%
of the San Bernardino County median income for a household of four
persons. The average annual subsidy is estimated to be $583,000, the
present value of which over 30-years is about $10.2 million (assuming a
long-term annual inflation rate of 4%).
An analysis of seven rental apartment properties recently for sale in the
City (ranging from 11 to 197 rental units) revealed a range of per unit cost
from $26,000 to $53,000, and per square foot cost from $21 to $45,
depending on the location, unit sizes, number of bedrooms, age, and
amenities.! The estimated acquisition cost per unit for apartments that
would match the assisted rental housing developments ranges from
$32,000 to $47,000. Replacement of the 218 at-risk units through
acquisition of units would range from $7 million to $10.3 million, plus
annual operating and maintenance costs.
The cost of constructing new rental units is estimated to range from
$50,000 to $70,000 per dwelling unit depending on the size, density, and
amenities. The cost of constructing 218 new rental units similar to the
assisted units would probably range from $55,000 to $65,000 per dwelling
unit, or $12 million to $14.2 million.
Of the three options for addressing the potential loss of subsidized rental'
units, the least expensive option in present dollars would be the payment
of monthly rental subsidies to very low-income households over a 30-year
period. Although this option would guarantee that the same number of
very low-income renters are assisted as the number of subsidized rental
units that could be lost, the payment of subsidies does not preserve the
affordability of rental units or replace affordable rental units lost.
The next more costly alternative would be the acquisition of existing
subsidized rental housing, but only ifthe rental units do not require
extensive rehabilitation. If so, the construction of new replacement unit
might be as cost effective.
I www.1oopnet.com
3-40
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
1. Entities Interested in the Right of First Refusal
Should the City determine that the acquisition of existing at-risk rental
housing projects is the most prudent course, there are a number of
nonprofit housing agencies that have expressed an interested in acquiring
and preserving affordable rental housing developments in the City. This
interest is often referred to as "right of first refusal" because owners of
assisted rental housing are required to notify such agencies if the property
will be sold an offer them the opportunity to make an offer. Table H-29
lists these agencies.
N P fitA
Table H-29
I dOh Ri b f FO R f I
00- ro I .e:eocles otereste mt e Ie:l t 0 Irst e usa
BUILD Leadership 1280 Bison, Ste. B9- Newport Beach, (949) 720-7044
Development Inc. 200 CA 92660
Century Housing 300 Corporate Pointe, Culver City, CA (310) 642-2007
Corporation Ste. 500 90230
Coachella Valley 45-701 Momoe St, Indio, CA 92201 (760) 347-3157
Housing Coalition Ste. G., Plaza I
Community Partnership 7225 Cartwright Ave. Sun Valley, CA (818) 503-1548
Dev. Corp. 91352
Foundation for Quality 4640 Lankershim North
Housing Opportunities Blvd., #204 Hollywood, CA (818) 763-0810
91602
Housing Authority of the P.O. Box 17157, Foy Los Angeles, CA (213) 252-2701
City of Los Angeles Station 90017
Housing Corporation of 31423 Coast Laguna Beach, 323) 726-9672
America Highwav, Ste. 7100 CA 92677
Jamboree Housing 2081 Business Center Irvine, CA 92612 (949) 263-8676
Corporation Dr. #216
Long Beach Affordable 110 West Ocean Long Beach, CA (562) 983-8880
Housing Coalition, Inc Blvd., # 350 90802
Los Angeles Housing 515 S Figueroa St. Los Angeles, CA (213) 629-9172
Partnership, Inc Ste. #940 90071
Neighborhood Housing San Bernardino,
Services - Inland 1390 North D St. (909) 884-6891
Empire, Inc. CA 92405
San Diego County SER- 3355 Mission Ave., Oceanside, CA (760) 754-6500
Jobs for Progress, Inc. Ste. 123 92054
Shelter For The 15161 Jackson St. Midway City, CA
Homeless 92655 (714) 897-3221
So. California Housing 8265 Aspen St., Ste. Rancho
Development Corp Cucamonga, CA (909) 483-2444
100 91730
Southern California 1111 North Brand Glendale, CA (818) 247-0420
Presbyterian Homes Blvd, Ste. 300 91202
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development
Gffy of San Bernardino
3-41
2. At Risk Housing Programs
In order to monitor and preserve existing low and moderate income
housing that exists within the City, a program has been included in the
"Housing Programs" section of this housing element. Program No. 43
requires the formal establishment of a process to monitor all programs
identified in the foregoing subsections, and to (1) provide for an early
warning system for possible conversion of any non-market rate units, (2)
gauging owner interest in potentially non-renewal, opting-out or
prepaying, (3) offer incentives to owners to maintain the affordable
programs, and/or (4) to require notice and other mechanisms for
potentially displaced tenants to find and move to alternative low and
moderate housing.
Current Housing Needs
Very low- and low-income households represent 51 % of the total City
households, but represent 79% of all households with housing problems.
Table H-30 compares the housing problems in the City by income. Very
low- and low-income households represent 86% of all households that
overpay for housing, while most (63%) ofthese households rent their
units. They also represent 72% of overcrowded households, although this
is only 10% of the total households in the City. Likewise, most (57%) of
these are rental households. Therefore, housing needs should focus on
programs that assist very low and low-income households.
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City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Renters 1,821
Owners 189
Total Households 2,010
Source: SCAG RHNA 1999
1,575
341
1,916
1,474
761
2,234
362
247
609
827
900
1,728
6,059
2,438
8,498
SCAG produces Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA)
projections for all cities in its region. SCAG's 1998-2005 RHNA
projections indicate that a total 00,782 new units will need to be
constructed within the City to accommodate new households. Of the total
allocation, 1,148 units are allocated for very low-income households, 676
units are to be for low-income households, 734 units are to be for
moderate-income households, and 1,223 units are to be above moderate-
income households.
Land is available for development for a wide range of housing types, from
single-family estates to high-density apartments. Although infrastructure
and environmental constraints may exist on some of the parcels,
infrastructure is available to accommodate continued growth for at least
the next five years. Construction and development costs will continue to
increase, but programs are available through the City to offset some of
these costs, making home ownership a possibility for households who
would not normally be able to afford a home.
The City of San Bernardino filed an appeal of its RHNA on the basis that
it did not reflect current housing market conditions, it relied on outdated
1990 Census data for forecasting future needs, and it did not take into
City of San Bernardino
343
account the recession of the early 1990s. During the 1990s, the City
experienced the closure of Norton Air Force Base and the loss of
approximately 10,000 jobs, and the closure of the Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Shops and the loss of additional jobs. Those concerns are
summarized as follows:
High Vacancy Rates. The RHNA was based on a 1 990-vacancy rate of
5.2% that did not reflect the recession. The City experienced a high
vacancy rate of 17% in 1998, lowering to 11 % as reflected in the 2000
Census.
Foreclosnres. The City experienced an extremely high rate of foreclosures
in the mid to late 1990s, with over 1,000 foreclosed units in 1995.
Low Sales Prices. The high vacancy and foreclosure rates affected the
resale market throughout the City. The Real Estate Research Council
estimated that homes in the City of San Bernardino still are 15% lower
than their 1990 value.
Low Building Activity. From 1990 to 1993, the City issued about 600
residential permits per year. From 1994 through 2000, the City issued less
than 100 residential permits per year.
Future Housing Needs
State housing element law requires that each city analyze its existing and
projected housing needs for all income levels. This analysis must include a
locality's fair share of the regional need. The distribution of regional need
is prepared by SCAG in its Regional Housing Needs Assessment
(RHNA). The current RHNA was prepared in 1999 and is shown in Tables
31 and 32.
In addition, State housing element law requires that each city develop a
five-year program of actions designed to meet its regional need. Therefore,
in developing the City's regional need, the 7.5-year planning period 1998-
1999 to 2004-2005 was used. The City's regional need is calculated by
taking into consideration the City's growth over the five-year period and
adjusting it for the current vacancy need and demolitions. It is projected
that during this period, the City will need to accommodate 4,182 new
dwelling units, of which 355 dwelling units will replace existing units in
need of demolition. The projected annual construction need is 504 units.
Finally, State law requires that the City's regional need be distributed on
the basis of income in order to avoid concentrating lower income units in
jurisdictions, which already have a high concentration. This calculation
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City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
takes into account the current distribution of household income compared
to the regional average.
P ,
Table H-31
dR' ID d' S B
d' 1998 2005
rOJecte eglOna eman 10 an ernar 100 -
Total Annual
Household Net Vacancy Demolition Construction Construction
Growth AdJustment Adiustment Need Need
4,182 -755 355 3,782 504
Source: SCAG RHNA, 10/21/99
oa ew D1S IS n ue >y ncome
Units Very Low Low Moderate Upper Total
Number of Units 1,148 676 734 1,223 3,782
Percent of Units 30% 18% 19% 32% 100%
Table H-32
T tiN U 't D' t 'b t d b I
Source: SCAG, RHNA, 10/21/99
Future Residential Growth Areas
The City has many vacant acres designated for residential development to
accommodate the City's fair-share ofthe Regional Housing Needs
Assessment as determined by SCAG. According to the Vacant Parcel Area
Summary developed by the City, there were 4,911 acres of vacant single-
family residential land, 918 acres 0 f vacant multi-family residential land,
and 761 acres of commercial/residential land. Table H-33 contains a
summary of the vacant residentially designated lands and commercial
lands where residential units are permitted.
Although over 6,700 acres of vacant residential land is located within the
City corporate boundaries, not all ofthat land is completely developable or
developable to the full densities as indicated in Table H-33. For example,
approximately 3,400 acres ofRE, RL and RL-3.5 zoned properties are
located in the northern foothill areas and are characterized by 15% or
greater slopes and/or high fire hazard. A parcel-by-parcel survey was
conducted of each vacant parcel throughout the City to determine the
amount of acreage that had high development potential. All parcels
subject to flood hazard (inundation during a 100-year storm), high fire
hazard, slopes exceeding 5%, lacking frontage on a paved public street,
utilities (water, sewer, electric) to the property line, or which were
City of San Bernardino
3-45
substandard (lacking minimum size or lot dimensions) were eliminated.
Table H-33a shows the resultant acres with high development potential. A
total of 1,645 vacant single-family zoned acres, 918 multi-family zoned
acres, and 761 commercial residential zoned acres have been identified as
having high development potential. Adjusting for setbacks, dedications
and open space requirements, the net usable acres are: 1,233 acres of
single-family, 688 acres of multi-family, and 570 acres of commercial
residential. Without factoring in density bonuses, the potential number of
resultant dwelling units that could be realized is 43,277. The realistic
potential number of dwelling units that could reasonably be expected to be
constructed, therefore, far exceeds the City's RHNA allocation of3,782.
The City did not calculate the number of parcels or the amount of
underutilized acreage or acreage available for redevelopment potential
because of the abundance of vacant land available for immediate
residential development. However, there are opportunities throughout the
City and the goals, objectives, policies, and programs reflect the City's
commitment to redevelopment potential, as well as new development.
Since the City allows the development of residential units in some of the
commercial land use districts, and there is adequate land currently
designated for residential development to meet the RHNA, the conversion
of non-residential acreage is not an issue.
3-46
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Table H-33
Vacant Land Summary
Units
Per
Acre
4.5 184.21 829
9
14 1,043.45 8,344 to 12,516
9
14
RM, Residential Medium (14,400 sq. ft. min. 14
lot. RU densities apply for smaller lots.) Seniors 21 80.90 960 to 1,440
- 50% densit bonus
RMH, Residential Medium High (20,000 sq. ft. 24
min. lot. RM and RU densities apply for smaller 36 299.52 6,279 to 9,269
lots. Seniors - 50% densi bonus
RMH-20, Residential Medium High (20,000 sq. 20
ft. RM and RU densities apply for smaller lots.) 30 89.05 1,780
Seniors - 50% densi bonus
RH, Residential High (20,000 sq. ft. min. lot. 36
RM and RU densities apply for smaller lots.) 54 448.97 13,888 to 21,056
Seniors - 50% densi bonus
Total 918.44 22,907 to 33,545
CO-I, Commercial Office 47 senior du/acre
CO-2, Commercial Office-Conversion (47
senior du/acre
CG-2, Commercial General-Baseline/Mt. 12-42 527.23 6,324 to 22,134
Vernon (12 to 21 du/acre depending on location
with 50% bonus density for senior units.
Minimum of one acre required for residential
develo ment
CR-2, Commercial Regional-Downtown (47 47-130 33.99 1,551 to 4,290
du/acre or 130 senior du/acre. Minimum of one
acre re uired for residential develo ment)
Total 761.03 17,228 to 67,264
Grand Total 6,773.45 63,826 to 130,476
Source: City of San Bernardino, 2000
City of San Bernardino
3-47
v
Table H-33a
L d 'th H' h D I
tP t f I
acant an WI 12 eve opmen o en la
Units Net Usable Number
Zone Per Acre Acres Acres * of Units **
RE 1.0 0 0 0
RL 3.1 0 0 0
RL-3.5 3.5 0 0 0
RS 4.5 150.62 112.97 508
RU-1 9.0 1,043.45 782.59 7,043
RU-2 9.0 451.04 338.28 3,044
RM 14.0 80.90 60.68 849
RMH 24.0 299.52 224.64 5,391
RMH-20 20.0 89.05 66.79 1,335
RH 36.0 448.97 336.73 12,122
CO-1 47.0 4.62 3.47 162
C)-2 47.0 195.19 146.39 6,880
CG-2 12.0 527.23 395.42 4,745
CR-2 47.0 33.99 25.49 1,198
Totals 3,324,58 2,493.45 43,277
*25% deducted for setbacks, streets and open space.
** Assumes no density bonus.
Source: City GIS Vacant Land Survey, July, 2002.
Given the market demand, land costs and other economic factors it is
unlikely that property zoned for multi-family residential would be
developed as single-family residential. However, assuming that all of the
multi-family zoned properties identified as having high development
potential were developed at a single-family residential density, there
would be a total of 4,134 units constructed. This assumes that the 918.5
acres of multi-family zoned parcels identified in Table H-33a would be
developed at the RS density of 4.5 dwelling units per acre. The number of
units would still exceed the RHNA totals by 352 units, however, it would
be difficult to impossible to expect that the very low and low allocations
would be met without higher density housing.
1. Vacant Land Suitable for Lower Income Housing
Of the total acres identified in Table H-33a, an analysis was conducted of
the parcels that would be appropriate for development for lower income
housing. All parcels were considered with respect to distance to public
transit, shopping, employment centers, medical and other social-welfare
services. An assumption was that qualifying parcels would need to be
within a normal walking distance of 500 feet of all of the noted services.
As a result, the vacant parcels that would qualify all are located within the
3-48
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
central portion of the City, which is generally bordered by Mt. Vernon
Avenue on the west, Mill Street on the south, W aterman Avenue on the
west, and Highland Avenue on the north. Table H-33b summarizes the
total number of sites, acreage and potential number of dwelling units that
can be considered as having excellent potential for development for lower
income housing. In summary, there are 13,520 units located on 815 sites
that have high potential for lower income housing. That amount, which is
a conservative number and does not assume density bonus, is well above
the RHNA number of 1,824 units (1,148 very low and 676 low).
Table H-33b
Vacant Parcels Suitable for Lower Income Housing
Total Central-City Potential
Zone Sites Sites Acres Units
RS 409 325 54 243
RM 168 66 31 434
RMH 64 19 105 2,520
RH 830 330 134 4,824
CO-I, CO-2, CG-2, CR-2 519 75 117 5,499
Totals 1,990 815 441 13,520
Source: City GIS Vacant Land Survey, July, 2002
In addition to the foregoing analysis, it is recognized that even though
there is ample land available to meet the City's RHNA allocations, it is
also recognized that several ofthe parcels identified in Table H-33b are
limited in size, particularly within the central portion of the City where
many of the vacant parcels are single lots ranging in size of between 5,000
and 7,000 square feet. In order to achieve an economy of scale, a critical
factor in developing higher density housing units in the lower affordability
categories, the vacant land survey was extended to an evaluation of sites
by size. Table H-33c shows the vacant sites by size category: under 0.5
acre, 0.5 to 1 acre, 1 to 5 acres, and those over 5 acres. Table H-33d
summarizes the available larger sites of over one-acre in size. Those sites
are currently zoned for residential use, are located within close proximity
to pubic transportation, shopping and other services, and generally offer
high potential for development for lower income housing. In summary,
there are 28 such sites totaling 150 acres, which have the potential of
being developed with a total of2,762 dwelling units, without factoring in
density bonus.
City of San Bernardino
3-49
3-50
Table H-33c
Vacant Sites by Size
Central Ci~ Area
Zone Size CateJ!ory Sites Acres Number of Units
RS Under 0.5 acre 28 4.6 21
0.5 - 1.0 acre 26 14.7 66
1.0 - 5.0 acres 12 19.8 89
5.0+ acres 1 14.9 67
Subtotal 54.0 243
RM Under 0.5 acre 47 7.8 109
0.5 - 1.0 acre 38 6.3 88
1.0 - 5.0 acres 10 16.9 237
5.0+ acres 0 0 0
Subtotal 31.0 434
RMH Under 0.5 acre 0 0 0
0.5 - 1.0 acre 12 6.3 151
1.0 - 5.0 acres 4 16.1 386
5.0+ acres 1 82.6 1,983
Subtotal 105.0 2,520
RH Under 0.5 acre 317 124.9 4,496
0.5 - 1.0 acre 13 9.1 328
1.0 - 5.0 acres 0 0 0
5.0+ acres 0 0 0
Subtotal 134.0 4,824
CO, CG, CR Under 0.5 acre 357 98.5 4,629
0.5 - 1.0 acre 26 18.5 870
1.0 - 5.0 acres 0 0 0
5.0+ acres 0 0 0
Subtotal 117.0 5,499
Total 441 13,520
Source: City GIS Vacant Land Survey, July, 2002
Table H-33d
Vacant Sites Over One Acre
Central City Area
Zone Sites Acres Number of Units
RS 13 34.7 156
RM 10 16.9 237
RMH 5 98.7 2,369
RH 0 0 0
CO, CG, CR 0 0 0
Total 28 150.3 2,762
Source: CIty GIS Vacant Land Survey, July, 2002
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Emergency Shelters/Transitional Housing
In recognition of the seriousness of the homeless problem within San
Bernardino County in general and within the City in particular, the San
Bernardino County Homeless Coalition was established in 1991. The
Coalition consists of representatives of government agencies, churches
and organizations providing aid to the homeless, and private agencies and
individuals concerned with the needs ofthe homeless. A primary service
provided by the Coalition is to identify the magnitude of the homeless
problem through out the County, and to specify specific needs throughout
each geographic area. It is estimated by the Coalition that there are
approximately 1,000 homeless persons at any given time with the City of
San Bernardino.
In recognition of the severity of the homeless problem within the City, the
Consolidated Plan, prepared by the City Economic Development Agency
(EDA) has assigned as a "High Priority" programs to "Assist the
Homeless and Special Needs Persons with Supportive Services." The
EDA does this through coordination with the County, and other agencies,
provision of staff and expertise assistance, provision of Redevelopment
Agency funds, allocation of federal funding, and assistance in the
preparation and processing of federal and state funding requests by social
service organizations. The stated goals ofthe Consolidated Plan include
the goal of meeting the need of 1,000 emergency shelter units (beds)
within the five-year timeframe of the Plan (years 2000 through 2005).
There are 24 organizations providing homeless services in San
Bernardino, including twelve that provide emergency shelter that, in 2000,
provided shelter for 512 persons. The Consolidated Annual Action Plan
fl?r fiscal year 2002-03 identifies approximately $1.9 million in funds to be
allocated for emergency shelters, transitional housing and housing for
battered women. These funds are designed to provide up to 664 beds. In
addition, funding is also identified for homeless-related services, homeless
prevention and on-going shelter operations.
Specific programs used by the EDA to deal with the homeless problem in
the City include the following:
. Emergency Shelter Grant Program - federal and EDA funds
allocated to organizations that provide emergency shelter to the
homeless individuals and families;
. Use of Redevelopment Agency (RDA) funds - RDA funds
have been used to purchase and rehabilitate a four-unit
apartment complex for emergency shelter operated by the
City of San Bernardino
3-51
Frazee Community Center (Frazee continues to operate the
facility with assistance from the EDA), and $200,000 grant
provided the Obershaw House to provide transitional housing
to families with children;
· Battered Women's Shelters - The EDA provides funding for
the continued operation of House of Ruth, Option House and
New House;
· San Bernardino County Continuum of Care Coalition - the
City is an active participant in the Continuum and provides
staff resources and funds to the organization made up of
various public and private agencies concerned with
homelessness and that provides inter-agency coordination and
assistance to provide facilities throughout the County.
The City Development Code permits homeless facilities in the RM, RMH,
RH (multiple-family residential) and CR-2 (commercial) zones subject to
approval of a Conditional Use Permit (CUP). As described in the
foregoing section, the CUP in the City is relatively short in comparison to
other cities and counties in the region, requiring approximately three to
four months to process. In addition to the homeless facilities described
above, the Development Code allows single-room occupancy (SRO)
hotels in the CG and CR-2 zones with approval of a CUP. SRO's playa
vital role in providing transitional housing, particularly in meeting another
City goal of assisting in the transition from emergency shelter to more
permanent housing facilities.
Currently, there are four agencies providing emergency shelter services:
Salvation Army, Option House, Mary's Mercy Center and Central
Lutheran Mission. Four organizations provided services for homeless
youth: Los Padrinos Youth Services, Home <?fNeighborly Services, the
Children's Fund and Homeless Children's Fund. Two battered women's
shelters are existing: Option House and New House. The facilities are
located within the central city area or within portions of the City that are in
close proximity of other related service providers such as State, County,
City offices and social service organizations providing counseling, health
services, food and clothing.
The City recently approved the Pathway to Prosperity, a facility for
individuals to live and train for eventual return to non-emergency shelter
or non-transitional housing and full-time employment. Even though
located within a commercial zone, the project was processed
administratively without the need for a CUP on the basis that the facility
constituted a "live-work" use and was permitted as a matter of right within
the permitted uses within a commercial zone.
3-52
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Special Needs Housing
The San Bernardino Consolidated Plan (FY 2000-05) identifies the
following special housing needs within the City:
. Elderly/Frail Elderly
. Persons with Mental Disabilities
. Persons with PhysicalJDevelopmental Disabilities
. Persons with Alcohol or Other Drug Addictions
. Persons with AIDS/HIV
. Large Families
The Consolidated Plan identifies as "high priority" the needs ofthe
foregoing group classifications, and over $8 million has been included
within the Plan to meet the housing and supportive service need of those
individuals. Specific programs include the provision of senior affordable
housing units, retrofit of existing units for handicapped persons, meals,
housing services, group homes and teaching facilities, and on-going
counseling and treatment. In addition, to those programs, the City
continues to encourage and work with developers, social organizations,
and non-profit groups to provide for the housing and service needs of
special groups. To accomplish this, the City's Economic Development
Agency (EDA) provides financial support as well as coordination and
consultation services in the form of:
. Coordination with non-profit agencies (see Table H-39) to
make them aware of any "at risk" housing that can be acquired
through the right of first refusal;
. Providing subsidies to purchase vacant parcels for new
construction;
. Providing subsidies for rehabilitation of existing units;
. Through the preparation, publication and dissemination of
program brochures;
. Providing interdepartmental guidance through the pre-
application review process;
. Provision of density bonuses for multiple-family housing;
. Coordination with lending institutions to provide low-interest
loans for new construction and rehabilitation;
. Coordination with for-profit developers to provide information
on exiting parcels available for purchase through the
City of San Bernardino
3-53
Redevelopment Agency, and provision of assistance in
property acquisition and assembly of parcels;
. Coordination with lending institutions to provide low-interest
loans; and
. Continue to coordinate with non-profit and for-profit groups in
providing assistance in the process of City permits.
A number of programs have been included in the "Housing Programs"
section of this Housing Element that identify specific steps the City
intends to undertake in providing housing opportunities for Special Need
individuals, as well as recommended programs to further mitigate or
eliminate governmental constraints in providing such housing and related
services. Fifteen of the forty-two programs are specifically developed to
address Special Needs housing.
Non-Governmental Constraints on Housing
Development
1 . Land and Development Costs
The ability to fulfill housing needs is greatly constrained by factors
prevalent in the housing market. Non-governmental factors inhibiting the
availability of housing include housing costs, land prices and construction
costs, financing costs, existing neighborhood conditions, and consumer
expectations.
Discussions with local housing developers reveal that construction and
new housing costs are relatively low because the City primarily has an
entry level or first move-up market, and therefore, costly investments are
not optimal because of the nature of the market. New housing costs range
between $150,000 to $160,000 for an average sized home, but costs for
new homes can range anywhere from $110,000 to $180,000. New home
prices are therefore very low in comparison to the rest ofthe County and
the Southern California Region. The primary problem with the stagnant
housing market stems from an FHA lending cap of approximately
$174,000 for loans in San Bernardino. This creates a restriction on the
market because buyers, particularly first-time buyers are unable to get
loans large enough for down payments on more expensive homes.
Because loan levels are held low, housing prices are also held low enough
to be marketable in the community. The County is experiencing influx
from neighboring Los Angeles and Orange Counties, which has increased
home prices in some western portions of the County. However, this
growth has not yet reached the City to result in higher housing prices.
3-54
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Land prices and construction costs also impact affordable housing
development. According to local real estate and development
professionals, raw land for single-family homes averages around $30,000
per acre, without improvements. One single-family parcel, 30 acres in
size, was recently for sale for $33,000 (www.loopnet.com). Two
multifamily parcels, one just over three acres and the other just under one
acre were recently for sale for about $136,000 and $110,000 per acre. The
higher priced multifamily parcel was zoned for 18 units per acre and the
lower cost parcel R-2. By comparison, several industrial parcels recently
for sale had asking prices of ranging from $65,000 to $131,000 per acre,
and one retail commercial site with freeway access had an asking price of
$676,000 per acre.
Improvements such as utilities, water, and sewage services among others
is an additional $15,000 to $18,000 per lot (7,000 square feet to 15,000
square feet respectively). Development also results in local fees such as
school fees, fire district fees, and others, which cost $18,000 per housing
unit. Marketing is an additional $5,000 per unit. Soft costs, such as
architecture, engineering, and other professional services average $7,000
per unit. Other expenses, including administration and sales averages
$9,000 per unit. Materials and labor range from $40 to $50 per square
foot. Therefore, a 1,000 square foot unit would average around $45,000 in
construction costs. The minimum cost ofa 1,000 square- foot site-built
single-family home on a 7,000 square foot lot would be about $105,000 in
land, construction, and related costs (pers. com., Dave Mlynarski,
MAPCO, 1999), excluding the homebuilder's profit.
In addition, fmancing and interest rates further constrain the market. One
and a half- percent financing and interest rates of 9.75% are the average
current rates for the City. These rates are fairly low compared to previous
years, and even in the past ten years when average interest rates were
between 11 % and 12%. Dropping rates are likely in response to market
stagnation, however if an influx of population from Los Angeles and
Orange Counties reaches the City and economic growth continues in the
region, rates may rise along with housing prices.
2. Interest Costs
The cost of borrowing money can present a constraint to both the producer
and consumer of housing. Higher interest rates increase the cost of doing
business for land developers and homebuilders. Higher interest rates also
increase the consumer's cost of borrowing money for home loans. Tables
34 and 35 show how changes in interest rates affect borrowing costs, and
impact the finished cost per unit, of housing.
City of San Bernardino
3-55
3-56
Table H-34 shows that each 1 percentage point increase in the interest rate
increases borrowing costs by about 6% for a I5-year home loan - nearly
20% ifthe increase is from seven to 10 percentage points. For a 30-year
loan, each I percentage point increase increases the monthly payment nine
to 10% - nearly 32% if the increase is from seven to 10 percentage points.
Even small increases home loan interest rates can substantially affect
monthly housing costs and reduce its affordability to low-and moderate-
income households.
Many consumers mitigate the impact of rising interest rates by purchasing
adjustable rate mortgages that typically begin with substantially lower
introductory rates. Adjustable rate mortgages allow a borrower's interest
cost, and monthly payment, to rise or fall with market rates. In a rising
interest rate climate, adjustable rate mortgages can offer substantial short-
term savings over a fixed-rate loan. In a declining or highly volatile
interest rate climate, adjustable rate mortgages can lead to higher short-
term costs.
Table H-34
Impact of Interest Rates on Consumer Borrowing Costs on Monthly
p
ayment
Monthly Payment on a 15- Year Monthly Payment on a 30-Year
Loan Loan Loan
Amount 7% 8% 9% 10% 7% 8% 9% 10%
$75,000 $674 $716 $762 $806 $499 $550 $603 $658
$100,000 $899 $955 $1,014 $1,074 $665 $733 $804 $877
$125,000 $1,123 $1,193 $1,268 $1.343 $832 $917 $1,005 $1,097
$150,000 $1,348 $1,432 $1,524 $1,612 $998 $1,100 $1,206 $1,316
$175,000 $1,572 $1,671 $1,776 $1,881 $1,164 $1,283 $1,407 $1,535
$200,000 $1,797 $1,909 $2,029 $2,149 $1,331 $1,467 $1,608 $1,755
$225,000 $2,022 $2,148 $2,285 $2,418 $1,497 $1,650 $1,809 $1,974
$250,000 $2,247 $2,387 $2,537 $2,687 $1,663 $1,833 $2,010 $2,193
Source: Parsons 2000
An increase in borrowing costs affects the cost of providing rental housing
in two ways: I) construction costs rise (most residential development if
financed, at least in part, through construction loans); and 2) permanent
borrowing costs increase.
Table H-35 shows the impact of changes in loan rates on the monthly rent
for a hypothetical apartment project that is privately financed and that
receives state and/or federal funds. In the example, three per-unit project
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
costs are assumed: 1) a small apartment complex with minimal amenities
that costs $55,000 per unit to construct; 2) a medium quality apartment
complex with average amenities that costs $65,000 per unit to construct;
and 3) a luxury apartment complex that costs $75,000 per unit to
construct. In each case the properties include a mix of one- and two-
bedroom apartments. These examples assume that 75% of the project is
financed at a commercial lending rate for a term of 15 years.
Table H-35
Impact of Interest Rates on Commercial
Borrowing Costs
(E d th M thl L C t P U Ot)
xpresse as e on IY oan os er DI
Per Unit Loan Monthlv Loan Cost Per Unit
Amount 8% 9% 10% 11%
$41,000 $392 $416 $441 $466
$49,000 $468 $497 $527 $557
$56,000 $535 $568 $602 $636
Source: Parsons 2000
A 3 percentage point increase in interest rates for permanent financing,
from 8% to 11 %, will increase the per unit borrowing cost by nearly 19%
and the overall per unit cost (accounting for operation and maintenance
expenses) by about 10%.
3. Vacancy Rate
Vacancy rates may be viewed as both an opportunity and constraint. High
vacancy rates can assist in keeping rents low as well as the median price
for re-sale housing. However, on the other hand, a high vacancy rate
severely discourages construction of new housing units, and can act as a
deterrent or disincentive to property owners to make improvements and
even repairs. According to the 2000 Census, the City has an abnormally
high vacancy rate of 11 %. The closure of major businesses in recent
years, and particularly the closure of Norton Air Force Base in 1994, has
had a far-reaching negative impact on the economy of the City, and
directly contributed to the high vacancy within the community. Unlike
other military base closures in California and the nation, the Norton
closure was particularly major within San Bernardino due to the fact that,
unlike other military bases, Norton has very limited on-base housing and
relied heavily on privately-owned housing market supply within the City.
In turn, there was heavy reliance on the part oflocallandlords on Norton
to supply a steady supply of tenants. That fact is demonstrated by the
City of San Bernardino
3-57
historical vacancy rates within the City: prior to 1994, the vacancy rates
traditionally ran at 5% or less. The 1990 Census showed a vacancy rate of
5.2%; in 1995, following the base closure that rate took a dramatic jump to
over 17%; and since 1995, the rate has been steady at 11 %. Most
statisticians and economists agree that a vacancy rate exceeding 4% to 5%
is unhealthy with respect to a local economy, and results in depressing the
housing market, particularly with respect to new construction.
4. Local Housing Market
Local housing market conditions can represent both a constraint and an
opportunity to meeting objectives for housing construction and
conservation. As noted previously, San Bernardino has a high vacancy
rate and a persistent glut ofHUD-repossessed single-family dwellings. In
addition, the City has a high rate of "absentee" ownership among single-
family homes that are rentals. Consequently, San Bernardino's large stock
of affordable housing represents an opportunity to allow low-income
families to become homeowners and to attract middle-income families to
the City. Because many of these homes are in deteriorated condition or not
available for sale, local housing market conditions also create
impediments to achieving these objectives.
Although the local housing market shows signs of improvement, it is still
affected by the aftermath of the economic downturn ofthe early 1990s and
the closure of Norton Air Force Base. These conditions have discouraged
some of the new homebuilding that the City could have otherwise
expected, have reduced opportunities for low-income families to become
first-time homebuyers, and have discouraged many middle- and upper-
income households from considering San Bernardino as a potential place
to live.
5. At Risk Housing Programs
In order to monitor and preserve existing low and moderate income
housing that exists within the City, a program has been included in the
"Housing Programs" section of this housing element. Program No. 43
requires the formal establishment of a process to monitor all programs
identified in the foregoing subsections, and to 1) provide for an early
warning system for possible conversion of any non-market rate units; 2)
gauging owner interest in potentially non-renewal, opting-out or
prepaying; 3) offer incentives to owners to maintain the affordable
programs; and/or 4) to require notice and other mechanisms for potentially
displaced tenants to find and move to alternative low and moderate
housing.
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City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Governmental Constraints on Housing
Development
Local governments affect the supply, distribution, and cost of housing
through their actions and policies. This section discusses those constraints
to housing development imposed by local government that could
potentially and significantly affect the availability and cost of new
housing.
1. Land Use Controls
The General Plan of the City of San Bernardino was updated in 1989 and
it is not a constraint to the provision of vacant sites for housing. The Land
Use Element and Map permitted the construction of an estimated 25,190
new dwelling units on land within the City that is vacant and/or whose use
designation was changed to residential in 1989. The Plan was developed
based on the community's desired residential density, capacity of current
and projected infrastructure, and severe environmental constraints in some
areas of the City caused by earthquake, landslide, fire, and wind dangers.
If long-term demand for housing exceeds the maximum number of units
allowed by the plan, then the plan will become a constraint on housing.
Over the next five years, at least, however, the City's General Plan
provides for ample vacant land at a range of densities to accommodate a
variety of housing types affordable to all income groups. However,
environmental and infrastructure difficulties constitute a pragmatic limit to
housing development in some areas of the City, as discussed below.
2. Infrastructure
a. Water/Wastewater
Generally, the policies and programs of the City's General Plan provide
that the infrastructure supporting new housing development will be
expanded concurrent with development. The City Water Department
indicates that it has sufficient capacity to accommodate the demands
attributable to the Plan's housing build-out. It will be necessary to extend
water distribution lines, boosters, and water storage facilities for new
housing tracts on the periphery of existing development. Costs for such
improvements will be borne by the developers. However, the City is
unable to mandate that individual private water purveyors within the City
extend service. This could affect the timing and location of development.
Historically, the supply of potable water and the ability of individual
purveyors to expand their supply capacities to meet demand from
population growth have not been a limiting factor to development. The
City of San Bernardino
3-59
Municipal Water Department has initiated a program to expand its
wastewater treatment capacity. Present design capacity is 28 mgd of
primary and secondary treatment, and three mgd of tertiary treatment. The
expansion will add 30 mgd of primary treatment capacity, IS mgd of
secondary treatment capacity, up to 10.5 mgd oftertiary treatment
capacity, and 15 mgd of solids handling facilities. The treatment plant
capacity will be expanded in either 7.5 mgd or 15 mgd modules depending
on growth within the service area. Additionally, the Water Department
has entered into a regional project agreement to provide tertiary treatment
for all existing capacity.
Disposal of the additional sewage resulting from General Plan residential
build-out will require the construction of new and/or upgraded wastewater
collection facilities within the City pursuant to the City's Sewer System
Master Plan.
With respect to the vacant residentially zoned properties identified in
Table H-33a (2,493 acres), water and sewer facilities exist to the
properties so identified, and there are adequate supplies/capacities to
accommodate full potential development of those properties. For the
period covered by the Housing Element (2000-2005), the availability of
water and wastewater services and capacity are not anticipated to constrain
the City's ability to accommodate new residential development, and there
is more than adequate supplies/capacities available to meet the City
RHNA allocation.
b. Flood Control
New residential development in the foothill areas may be subject to flood
hazards due to slope and canyon runoff. Additional storm drain and flood
control facilities (e.g., per San Bernardino County Flood Control District's
Comprehensive Storm Drain Plan) will be needed to convey the increased
surface runoff, to protect residential properties not currently protected
from 100-year storm flows and surrounding properties. Such will be the
individual or joint responsibilities of subdivision developers.
Because of steep slopes and other environmental constraints in the
northern portion of the City, the allowed residential density is relatively
low and cannot accommodate a large number of new dwelling units. A
lack of adequate flood control in this area will not significantly constrain
the City's ability to accommodate its RHNA allocation. As noted in Table
H-33a, and as discussed in the foregoing section "Future Residential
Growth Areas", an abundance of vacant residentially-zoned lands exist
within the more central portions of the City that are not subject to
development constraints such as flooding and high fire hazard.
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City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
c. Private Utilities
All potential residential parcels have easy access to electricity, natural gas,
telecommunication, and cable television services. The properties
identified in Tables 33a and 33b have been included on the basis of their
ability to be developed in the near future. Among the criteria used to
identify those parcels as having "high development potential" was the fact
that utilities, including water, sewer and electric exist to the property
boundaries.
d. Transportation
Areas designated for residential development are served by or can be
readily linked with streets and highways. Residential subdivisions will be
required to dedicate and develop streets and highways in accordance with
the Circulation Element of the General Plan.
3. Building Codes and Enforcement
San Bernardino's building codes are based upon the State Uniform
Building, Plumbing, Mechanical, and Electrical Codes and are considered
to be necessary to protect the public's health, safety and welfare. These
codes cannot be regarded as a constraint to housing development.
The City's code enforcement process does not unduly penalize older
residential structures based on their age. Property owners are notified and
given the opportunity to bring their structures up to code prior to any
approved demolitions. Property owners who desire to repair or improve
their properties need only comply with the current building code
requirements for those portions of a dwelling unit affected by the repair or
improvement unless health and safety violations are noted elsewhere in the
unit. Structures are not demolished unless they threaten the public's health,
safety and welfare.
4. Impact Fees, Improvements, and Dedications
Various impact fees and assessments are charged by the City to cover the
costs of processing permits and providing services and facilities, such as
utilities, and infrastructure. Almost all of these fees are assessed through a
pro-rata share system, based on the magnitude of the project's impact or on
the extent of the benefit that will be derived from the services or facilities
for which the fees are charged. The City of San Bernardino's fees are not
high relative to other cities in the region.
City of San Bernardino
3-61
In addition to on-site improvements which may be required as part of a
project's development, off-site improvements may also be imposed to
ensure a development pays its share of the local cost of expansions in
services, facilities, and infrastructure. Such improvements may include
water, sewer and other utility line extensions, street construction and
related projects. Dedications ofland or in-lieu fees may also be required
of a project for right-of-way, transit facilities, recreational facilities and
school sites, consistent with the City's Subdivision Ordinance.
Fees have been set at a level necessary to cover the costs to the City to
make appropriate contributions to the community (e.g., traffic mitigation
and storm drain improvements). However, these fees contribute to the cost
of housing, and may constrain the development of lower-priced units. A
sample scenario of the fees required to build two different types of
housing is shown on Table H-36.
Table H-36
2001 Ci Develo ment Fees
Single-family Apartment unit
unit er unit (j er unit
$91 N/A
$50 N/A
$31 $31
$3 $3
$15 $15
$420 N/A
$167 $110
$911 $911
$3,500 $2,625
$1,030 $409
$473 $170
$572 $150
$15 $112
$8 $6
$85 $169
$4,260 * $3,550
$11,631 $8,261
* Reimbursement possible under California Housing Finance Agency's School
Facility Fee Down Payment Assistance Program for low income units
Source: City of San Bernardino Development Services Department Fees
The estimated fees assume a 1,200 square-foot, three-bedroom, single-
family house on one of fifty 7,200 square-foot lots in a subdivision (RS-
7,200 District, 4.5 dulac). The second housing type is assumed to be a
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City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
1,000 square-foot, three-bedroom apartment in a 50-unit development on
4.2 acres (RM District, 12 duJac). The estimated per-unit fees represent
about 6% of the average cost of a new single-family dwelling and about
5% of the average monthly rent for new three-bedroom apartment.
5. Permit Processing
Residential construction involving four or fewer single-family homes,
mobile homes and multi-family units are approved at the stafflevel.
Projects are evaluated relative to the zoning code and building code
standards and receive approvals within two weeks of application. All
planning, plan check, building, public works, and fire plan check functions
operate at the same one-stop counter in City Hall.
Residential construction involving subdivisions and larger single and
multi-family projects require review by the staff Development Review
Committee (for projects of 5 to 11 units) and the Planning Commission
(for projects of 15 units or more). A typical subdivision or apartment
project or 15 units or more would take approximately 18 weeks from
initial application to approval, assuming there were not major
environmental or development issues.
The City has a fast track process for commercial and industrial
applications. However, all developers may take advantage of the City's no
fee pre-application review process. The City encourages potential
applicants to attend a pre-application review meeting, before formal
application submittal. There is also a procedure for an applicant for a
building permit to pay extra to fast track the checking of building plans.
In the early 1990's, the City undertook a major revision to its Zoning Code
and land use regulations with the stated intent to simplify and streamline
the land development process within the City. The results were a
completely new Development Code that includes all development-related
regulations and standards in a single document. Included in the new Code
are the City's zoning regulations, subdivision regulations and design
standards. The Development Code is clearly and simply written, and
includes a number of changes to expedite the development review process
within the City. The Development Review process was developed as a
tool to expedite the review and approval process in that it provides a
mechanism for the City to assist developers by providing review and
access to various City departments. The Development Review process
itself does not add time to a project's approval, and actually shortens the
process by providing a one-stop service to project proponents. All City
staff persons associated with project approval are assembled to review
project plans and to advise the applicant on needed or recommended
City of San Bernardino
3-63
revisions prior to the matter being approved administratively or heard by
the Planning Commission. Typically, the time to process a project
through Development Review from the time an application is deemed
complete is approximately three to four weeks. However, it is estimated
that the process saves considerable time overall in that issues are resolved
at an early stage, in turn saving the necessary time to revise plans prior to
final approval, and, in the case of larger projects subject to Planning
Commission review, results in immediate Planning Commission action
rather than continuances for the purpose of plan revision or in order to
provide additional information.
In addition to the foregoing, the Development Code provides for density
bonuses for affordable housing in accordance with State Government
Code Section 65915, and for providing certain on-site amenities in multi-
family zones and commercial-residential zones, such as attached garages,
additional landscaping and recreational facilities, and day care centers.
Within San Bernardino, multiple-family residential projects are permitted
as a matter of right in the RU, RM, RMH and RH zone districts subject to
a Development Permit and do not require approval of a Conditional Use
Permit. Multiple-family residential is also permitted in two commercial
zones, also subject to approval of a Development Permit: CG-2 and CR-2.
In addition, the CO-I, CO-2, CG-2 and CR-2 zones permit senior citizen
housing and senior congregate care facilities subject to approval of a
Conditional Use Permit. The time frame for processing a Conditional Use
Permit is approximately three to four months, considerably less than the
maximum allowed under the Permit Streamlining Act. These time frames
are considered relatively short when compared with other jurisdictions in
the region, and are not considered an impediment to providing affordable
housing or contribu~ing to increased cost of housing within the City.
6. Zoning and Development Standards
The City has established standards in the Development Code for all
residential projects. The lot size, unit density, height, lot coverage, set
backs, open spaces, design review and parking standards were established
to ensure quality oflife for all ofthe City's residents. The City periodically
evaluates these standards to see if they are appropriate in light of changes
in construction techniques and development preferences.
The Development Code includes development standards for traditional
single family subdivisions, planned residential developments, and multi-
family residences of various densities. A variety of other housing types,
including detached and attached units, duplexes, mobile home parks, and ,
3-64
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
small lot subdivisions, are provided for in the Residential Urban District,
where the intent is to consolidate lots to achieve maximum open space.
The Development Code also has provisions for senior and congregate care
facilities, granny and second units, manufactured housing, and various
community care facilities. Multi-family housing is also allowed in several
commercial districts.
A density bonus provision is also included in the Code, allowing increased
density for multi-family low-income units.
Table H-37 shows the Development Code minimum dwelling unit sizes
and Table H-38 shows the residential development standards. These
standards are not considered constraints to providing lower-cost housing,
as the minimum unit sizes are generally less than the square footage that
homebuilders voluntarily provide in the region.
Bachelor + 1 bath
1 Bedroom + 1 bath
2 Bedrooms + 1-1/2 baths
3 Bedrooms + 2 baths
3 Bedrooms + 2 baths
500
600
800
1,000
1,200
Studio
1 Bedroom
410
510 / 570 (living and dining
combined/not combined
610/670 (living and dining
combined/not combined
2 Bedrooms
City of San Bernardino
3-65
eSI entIa eve opment tan ar S
District RE RL RS RU-l RU-2 RM RMH RH
Min. Lot Area 1 acre 9,720 7,200 7,200 sq. 7,200 sq. 14,400 20,000 sq. 20,000 sq.
sq. ft. sq. ft. ft. ft. sq. ft. ft. ft.
Max. Height 45 ft 35 ft 35 ft 35 ft 35 ft 42 ft 42 ft 56 ft
Lot Coverage 35% 35% 35% 40% 40% 50% 50% 50%
Parking
Single-family 2 garage 2 garage 2 garage 2 garage 2 garage
Studio/1 bed 1.5/unit covered + 1 guest!5 units
2 bedrooms 2/unit covered + 1 guest!5 units
3 + bed 2.5/unit covered + 1 guest!5 units
PRD 2 garage + 2 garage +
Senior apts. 1/unit + 1/unit+ 1/unit covered + 1 guest! 5 units
Senior Congregate 0.75/unit 0.75/unit 0.75/unit covered
Max. Density 1 du/ac 3.1 du/ 4.5 du/ 8 du/ac 8 du/ac 12 du/ac 21 du/ac 31 du/ac
Senior/Congregate ac ac 12 du/ac 12 du/ac 18 du/ac 31 du/ac 47 du/ac
Setbacks
Front 35 25/20* 25/20* 25/20* 25/20* 25/20* 20/15* 20/15*
Rear 20 20/15 20/15 10 10 10 10 10
Side 5 5 5 5 5 ** ** **
Street Side 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
R 'd
Table H-38
ID I S d d
* 5-foot reduction alJowed where yard averagmg used with a new subdivision.
** Varies (I story 5 ft., 2 story 10 ft, plus 1 ft for each 15 ft. ofwalJ length).
Source: City of San Bernardino Development Code
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City of San Bernardino
7. Governmental Constraints - State
The major State restriction to publicly assisted multifamily rental housing
is Article 34 of the California Constitution. Article 34 can constrain some
affordable housing options by requiring local voter referendum approval
of all development, construction, or acquisition of public housing when:
(a) units are publicly owned; and (b) units are privately-owned by public
financing, and more than 49% ofthe units are reserved for low-income
occupancy.
The potential for this state constitutional requirement to constrain
affordable multifamily rental housing development in the City is minimal
because virtually all such housing is developed by private non-profit
organizations for which the requirements of Article 34 do not apply.
8. Persons with Disabilities
Government Code Section 65008 was amended in 2001 to require that
Housing Elements, beginning January 1,2002, to require the following:
1. As part of a governmental constraints analysis, a Housing Element
must analyze potential and actual constraints on the development,
maintenance and improvement of housing for persons with
disabilities and demonstrate local efforts to remove governmental
constraints that hinder the locality from meeting the need for
housing for such persons; and
2. As part ofthe required constraints program, the Housing Element
must include programs that remove constraints or provide
reasonable accommodations for hosing designed for persons with
disabilities.
As noted in the "Community Profile" section of this Element, the City has
a significantly high number of persons with disabilities - 19.8% of the
total City population according to the 2000 Census. In order to address
the matter, the City has, and will continue, to require new construction to
include the requirements of Title 24 for handicapped access. Public
projects require handicapped access facilities and improvements. The City
Economic Development Agency provides funds for existing projects for
disabled retrofit. Finally, a program has been included in the "Housing
Programs" portion of Section V of this Hosing Element stating that the
City will undertake to evaluate the potential of adopting a "Reasonable
Accommodation" ordinance that will provide a process for persons with
City of San Bernardino
TPC - SSC-15 Ch 03 Housing Efement.doc
3. Housing
3-67
disabilities to make requests for relief from the various land use, zoning,
or building laws, rules, policies, and procedures of the City.
9. Environmental Constraints
The San Andreas Earthquake Fault Zone traverses the City in a northwest
to southeast fashion, following the foothills along the northern edge of the
City. The San Jacinto and Lorna Linda Earthquake Fault Zones further
traverse the City, also in a northwest to southeast fashion, through the
lower middle and southern portions of the City. Several watercourses go
through the City, including the Santa Ana River, Cajon Creek, Lytle
Creek, and numerous canyon drainage courses. The City also has
significant biological habitats along the foothills and rivers. The
environmental constraints will affect the development of housing units to
the extent that developers proposed projects in constrained areas.
However, the City estimates that less than 7% of the total vacant
residential land area is affected by environmental constraints.
10. State and Federal Regulations Governing Subsidized
Multifamily Rental Housing
Although a number of state and federal program provide low-cost loans
and grants for the construction oflow-income multifamily rental housing,
builders of such housing must comply with a myriad of regulations
governing everything from bidding procedures labor standards. One
provision of state and federal law that has the most impact on housing
construction cost is the requirement to pay "prevailing wages," which are
typically based on union wage levels that are substantially higher than the
average wages paid to construction workers. Prevailing wage
requirements, in combination with other state and federal regulations, can
increase the construction cost by 25% to 30% above that for a similar,
privately funded project. This increased cost can more than offset the
savings from low-interest government loans, requiring developers oflow-
income rental housing to supplement their financing with grants and other
subsidies to make a project financially feasible.
Opportunities for Energy Conservation
There are many opportunities for conserving energy in new and existing
homes. Construction of energy efficient buildings does not lower the price
of housing. However, housing with energy conservation features should
result in reduced monthly occupancy costs as consumption of fuel and
energy is decreased. Similarly, retrofitting existing structures with energy
conserving features can result in a reduction in utility costs. Examples of
3-68
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
energy conservation opportunities include weatherization programs and
home energy audits; installation of insulation; installation or retrofitting of
more efficient appliances, and mechanical or solar energy systems; and
building design and orientation which incorporates energy conservation
considerations. The City enforces all provisions of Title 24 of the
California Administrative Code, which provides for energy conservation
features in new residential construction. Likewise, the City's General Plan
encourages energy conservation subdivision design methods in accordance
with California Government Code Title 7 Section 66473.1 to conserve
heating and cooling energy.
1. State Building Code Standards
The California Energy Commission was created in 1974 by the Warren-
Alquist State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Act
(Public Resources Code 25000 et seq.). Among the requirements of the
new law was a directive for the Commission to adopt energy conservation
standards for new construction. The first residential energy conservation
standards were developed in the late 1970s (Title 24, Part 6 ofthe
California Code of Regulations) and have been periodically revised and
refined since that time.
A features of the state's energy conservation standards is the definition of
"climate zones" that allow different approaches to energy conservation in
different parts ofthe state. The City of San Bernardino is located in
Climate Zone 10, which covers the semi-arid inland valleys just east of the
coastal mountains from the San Bernardino County line to the Mexican
border. This climate zone is characterized by a mild winters, hot summers,
desert winds, and abundant sunshine.
Because of these climate conditions, a substantial percentage of residential
energy use goes to space cooling between the months of May and October.
Residential site design and construction techniques that reduce the amount
of energy used for space cooling would significantly reduce overall energy
demand.
The city's abundant sunshine provides an opportunity to use solar energy
techniques to generate electricity, heat water, and provide space heating
during colder months, as well. Natural space heating can be substantially
increased through the proper location of windows and thermal mass.
City of San Bernardino
3-69
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3-70
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS UNDER
THE 1989 HOUSING ELEMENT
The following chart lists the programs that have been implemented since
adoption of the 1989 Housing Element. The chart includes the
department/agency with primary responsibility for implementing the
program, the funding source, the goal of each program, implementation
status, and targeted income group(s).
In implementing the 1989 General Plan Housing Element, the City's
mission has been to "Actively maintain, improve and develop quality
neighborhoods and housing opportunities throughout the City of San
Bernardino." Most ofthe implementing actions have focused on the
existing housing stock, therefore. At the time the Housing Element was
adopted in 1989, the City believed that it would need to give higher
priority to the construction of additional housing for low-income residents.
By the mid-1990s, the City decided it needed to re-focus its efforts and
concentrate on improvement of the existing housing stock. The severe
recession of the early 1990s caused a loss of many high-paying jobs that
were not replaced. Many formerly moderate and middle-income residents
became low-income or left the City. As a result, San Bernardino
experienced chronically high residential vacancy rates. In addition, the
condition of many single-family homes in existing neighborhoods did not
improve as quickly as the City had originally anticipated, partly due to a
lack of private investment to match public efforts.
The City believed that the construction of new low-income dwelling units
was unnecessary when there were significant opportunities to create
affordable housing units through rehabilitation of the existing housing
stock. For example, the Neighborhood Housing and Rental Rehabilitation
Programs have assisted a number of single- and multi-family units in the
City. However, the number of units assisted is far below the number of
units in need of repair. Since the need for this program continues to grow,
the City determined that the program should continue with adequate
funding to serve more units and with adequate advertising so that residents
know the program is available.
Table H-39 outlines the Programs and Actions identified in the City's 1989
Housing Element and their success.
City of San Bernardino
3-71
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HOUSING GOALS, POLICIES, AND
OBJECTIVES
Priorities
The primary housing problems and needs in the City of San Bernardino
are:
1. Large proportion oflow-income and particularly, very low-
income, households. Over half of the City's population have
incomes less than 80% of the San Bernardino County median
income, and over one-third have incomes less than 50% of the
median. The percentage of persons with incomes below the
poverty level is nearly double the countywide rate. Poverty is
especially widespread among single mothers. Single mothers head
30% of all households with children. As a result, a substantial
percentage of households pay more than 30% of their income for
housing (see #3 below), even with the City's relatively low
housing costs.
2. Relatively low home ownership rates, particularly among the
City's minority population, due to the large percentage oflow-
income households and the low number of single- family homes
that are not available for sale. Disparities in homeownership
appear to relate primarily to income levels. More low-income
households could become homeowners if there were lower-cost
homes available for purchase in the City. A large percentage of
single-family homes are not available for sale because they are
rentals offered by absentee property owners.
3. Extremely high percentage of very low-income renters, who pay in
excess of30% of their income for housing, creating a need for
affordable housing that far exceeds the supply. Although housing
prices are relatively low in San Bernardino, incomes are also much
lower, resulting in a severe affordability problem for the City's
lowest-income residents. The San Bernardino County Housing
Authority's waiting list for housing assistance includes nearly
2,200 (mostly very low-income) city residents, nearly as many as
are currently being assisted by the Housing Authority. Among
those earning 50% to 80% of the countywide median income, a
much lower but still substantial percentage of households
(particularly homeowners) pay more than 30% of their incomes for
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-Is Ch 03 Housing Elementdoc
3. Housing
3-75
housing. Overpayment does not appear to be a widespread
problem for households earning more than 80% of the countywide
median income.
4. Increasing needs of elderly adults for housing that addresses their
special needs. The population of single elderly women in
particular is increasing faster than the overall elderly population.
As the population ages, there will be a growing demand for senior
housing that meets the special physical and financial needs of this
group.
5. Overcrowding has increased among large families and renters.
Nearly one in five households in the City has five or more
members. About the same percentage of rental units are
overcrowded. Overcrowding is a predictable result when housing
costs rise faster than incomes, especially among the lowest-income
segment of the population.
6. Over 40% of the City's housing stock is more than 40 years old.
Nearly one in five homes was constructed during just one decade-
the 1950s. Most of the housing units on nearly one-third of the
blocks examined in a recent housing condition survey need minor
to moderate rehabilitation. Most of the housing units on another
30% of the blocks surveyed need maintenance work (repainting
and roof repairs being the common needs). Housing condition
problems are concentrated in the area west of Waterman Avenue
between Highway 30 and Rialto Road. Neighborhoods with the
highest percentage of rented single- family homes appear to have
the highest percentage of homes in need of maintenance and
repmrs.
7. The City has the largest homeless population in the metropolitan
area, between 1,000 and 2,000 persons. Particularly vulnerable
homeless sub-groups include individuals with mental illnesses,
substance abusers, woman (and their children) escaping domestic
violence, homeless youth, and persons with HIV/AIDS.
8. The City has a very high vacancy rate, averaging over 11 % per
year over recent years. The high vacancy rate has made it difficult
to impossible to attract new housing construction and has
contributed to the depressed multi-family housing construction
within the City.
The goals, policies, and programs presented in this section reflect the
highest priority needs of the City of San Bernardino as determined from
3-76
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
the needs assessment prepared for the Housing Element and the City's
2000-2005 Consolidated Plan for the use of federal housing and
community development funds.
Goals and Policies
Goal 3.1 Facilitate the development of a variety of types of
housing to meet the needs of all income levels in the
_City o_~ San J?_~~~~9J!:l~~_____________________________________
Objective: Provide adequate sites to accommodate the City's RHNA
housing allocation by income group for the period January
1,1998 through June 30 2005 as shown below.
onSlD1! oca Ions
Income Level Units Percent of Units
Very Low 1,148 30%
Lower 676 18%
Moderate 734 19%
Upper 1,223 32%
Total 3,782 100%
Table H-40
RHNA H All to
Policies:
3.1.1 Accommodate the production of new housing units on
currently vacant or underutilized land at densities and
standards designated in the Land Use Element of the
General Plan.
3.1.2 Provide a density bonus of 50% for very low and low-
income housing projects, consistent with state law.
3. 1.3 Encourage the development of senior housing in all areas
ofthe City, especially the downtown, where the permissible
density may be increased by 96 units per acre (I 78%) to a
maximum of 150 units per acre.
City of San Bernardino
3-77
3.1.4 Accommodate residential development in areas of the
Central City designated for mixed commercial and
residential use in accordance with policies in the Land Use
Element.
3.1.5 Avoid concentrations of housing for any single income
group.
3.1.6 Continue to simplify the development review process for
the development of housing units.
3.1.7 Lobby and support the School District in reducing the
school fees levied on new dwelling units selling for under
$100,000 to very low and low income households.
Goal 3.2
Conserve and improve the condition of the existing
affordable housing stock and revitalize neighborhoods
containing a substantial percentage of deteriorated
dwelling units.
Objective:
Prevent the physical deterioration of the housing stock and
older residential neighborhoods, and to rehabilitate
dwelling units and neighborhoods that show signs of
deterioration.
Policies:
3.2.1
Assist in the maintenance and rehabilitation of rental units
whose owners provide affordable housing to lower income
tenants in exchange for long-term affordability agreements.
3.2.2
Assist low-income homeowners to correct building code
violations and meet the habitability standards of the City
Building and Safety Code.
3.2.3
Continue to rehabilitate and reuse abandoned houses by
making them available to low- and moderate-income
households.
3.2.4
Incorporate neighborhood improvement strategies to
complement housing rehabilitation in addressing general
3-78
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
property conditions, public facilities, and city services for
healthy neighborhoods.
3.2.5 Dedicate resources to eradicate and prevent blighting
conditions and maintain standards to safeguard and
preserve the City's neighborhoods, and continue to
financially support the City's code compliance programs.
Goal 3.3
Assist in the development of adequate housing to
meet the needs of low and moderate-income
households.
Objective: Develop new programs, and continue existing programs,
that have proved their effectiveness to assist the
construction, creation, and preservation of units affordable
to very low, low-, and moderate-income households.
Policies:
3.3.1 In compliance with state law (Government Code Section
65915), provide density bonuses and/or regulatory and
financial incentives to developers who propose to include a
specified percentage of very low-income, low-income,
and/or senior housing in new development projects or as
part of the conversion of rental apartments to
condominiums.
3.3.2 Encourage the development of affordable units by non-
profit organizations through financial and technical
support to nonprofit housing developers, and through
assistance in accessing local, State and Federal funding and
incentives.
3.3.3 Investigate the feasibility of reducing fees and modifying
development standards for affordable infill housing projects
when necessary to make such projects financially feasible.
Objective: Use available private, local, state, and federal housing
funds to the fullest extent possible in conjunction with
other public and private agencies to meet the housing
assistance needs of lower income households.
City of San Bernardino
3-79
Policies:
3.3.4 Assist the San Bernardino County Housing Authority to
increase the availability of rental assistance to eligible
tenant households in the City by identifying priority needs,
referring residents to Housing Authority programs,
facilitating partnerships with other public and private
agencies, and assisting the Housing Authority in accessing
private, state, and federal funding.
3.3.5 Stabilize the cost ofleasing mobile home spaces by
providing rental assistance to eligible mobile home
residents.
3.3.6 Preserve the affordability of government assisted
multifamily rental housing units in the City affordable to
lower income households that are at-risk of converting to
market rate rental housing.
3.3.7 Target available housing and community development
funds for affordable housing and support services to
households with the highest priority needs as identified in
the General Plan Housing Element and the Consolidated
Plan.
3.3.8 Produce an annual housing plan that identifies available
revenues and sets production goals for housing affordable
to low- and moderate- income households.
3.3.9 Apply for all available state and federal funding sources
that will further the availability of decent, affordable
housing, and lobby for increased state and federal
assistance to meet the housing assistance needs of lower
income households.
Goal 3.4 Assist the provision of housing for residents with
special needs.
Objective: Provide suitable housing for residents with unique
financial, physical, and/or lifestyle characteristics whose
needs might not otherwise be met in the private housing
market.
3-80 City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Policies:
3.4.1 Allow for the development of senior citizen and senior
congregate-care housing facilities within the downtown
(CR-2), multi-family residential areas (RU-l and RU-2,
RM, RMH, and RH), and commercial office areas (CC-l,
and CC-2), provided that they are located in proximity to
public transportation, supporting commercial, and health
and social services.
3.4.2 Assist public and private agencies to increase the
availability of temporary shelter, transitional housing, and
support services for the homeless through zoning policies,
financial assistance, and assistance in accessing private,
state, and federal funding.
3.4.3 Require that a percentage of dwelling units constructed,
converted, or preserved with City assistance be designed to
accommodate large low-income families with five or more
persons).
3.4.4 Direct an appropriate amount of City financial assistance to
the construction, rehabilitation, or conversion of housing
for each special needs group in relation to the magnitude
and priority of housing and support services needs by each
group.
3.4.5 Ensure that handicapped accessibility in publicly assisted
multi-family housing units conforms to Title 24 of the
Uniform Building Code.
3.4.6 Address the special housing and support service needs of
female-headed households (such as single elderly women
and single mothers) in the implementation of housing
programs.
3.4.7 Permit shelters for the homeless and transitional housing by
conditional use permit in all multi-family zones designated
RM or greater, and downtown in areas designated CR-2.
City of San Bernardino
3-81
--
Goal 3.5
Reduce the adverse effects of governmental actions
on the production, preservation, and conservation of
housing, particularly for low- and moderate-income
households.
Objective:
Ensure that public and private facilities, utilities, and
services can accommodate the City's new construction
housing needs.
Policies:
3.5.1 Cooperate with public and private agencies providing
school, water, sewer, transportation, and utility services to
ensure that the City's RHNA allocation can be
accommodated through 2005.
3.5.2 Ensure that appropriate fees are charged to new residential
developments to cover their share of the cost of extending
public facilities, utilities, and services and increasing their
capacities to accommodate new housing development.
Objective: Achieve the City's RHNA allocation for new housing
construction through regulatory practices that do not
unreasonably impede the construction of housing or add to
its cost.
Policies:
3.5.3 Periodically review building and development regulations
to ensure they do not impose unreasonable restrictions to
the construction of housing for all income groups.
Objective: Ensure that City regulatory practices do not unreasonably
impede the preservation or conservation of housing.
Policies:
3.5.4
Periodically review the enforcement of zoning and building
codes to ensure that City practices do not unreasonable
impede the preservation and conservation of existing
affordable housing.
3-82
City of San Bernardino
3. Housing
Goal 3.6 Promote equal housing opportunity for all residents of
________________---.!be _City of San Bernardino.
Objective:
Prohibit discrimination in accordance with state and
national fair housing laws.
Policies:
3.6.1 Implement its housing policies and programs without
regard to race, ethnicity, national origin, age, religion, sex,
family status, or other arbitrary factors not related to the
purpose of the policy or program.
3.6.2 Support countywide and state fair housing and mediation
programs through financial support to local fair housing
agencies and referrals to agencies handling housing
discrimination complaints.
3.6.3 Continue to enforce programs and regulations that provide
full access to persons with disabilities, including reasonable
accommodation for such persons in the rules, policies and
procedures of the City that may be necessary to ensure
equal access to housing.
State law requires that the Housing Element contain "a statement of the
community's goals, quantified objectives, and policies relative to the
maintenance, preservation, improvement, and development of housing."
The City's quantified objectives are contained in Appendix 1 and
generally address:
. The number of new housing units that can be accommodated on
vacant land and redevelopment;
. The number of dwelling units to be rehabilitated;
. The number of new affordable dwelling units for which funding
assistance will be provided; and
. The number of assisted multifamily rental housing units to be
preserved as affordable units between 2000 and 2010.
City of San Bernardino
3-83
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3-84
City of San Bernardino
chapter4. ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
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Chapter 4. Economic
Development
INTRODUCTION
The City of San Bernardino has undergone tough economic times over the
last decade. With the closure of Norton Air Force Base in 1994, the
relocation of the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) and
Kaiser Steel, and the economic downturn ofthe 1990's, we have lost
thousands of jobs and our economy has experienced the residual effects of
these shifts in employment and the economy. However, the City is
actively implementing programs and pursuing projects to position itself
for an economic renaissance. In fact, we are making progress and
attracting major industries to locate in our City.
We recognize the vital impact that our economic livelihood has on the
quality of life in our community and as such, we want to ensure that the
proper goals and policies are in place to provide the appropriate direction
and guidance to achieve our ideal economic condition. Although an
Economic Development Element is not required by State Law, it is
included in this General Plan because of its important role in the future of
the City.
Purpose
The purpose of the Economic Development Element is to guide the City in
expanding the local economy, which provides jobs, attracts and retains
businesses, supports diverse and vibrant commercial areas, and brings in
sufficient revenue to support local programs and services. To achieve a
balanced and healthy economy, the Economic Development Element sets
forth the goals and policies necessary to ensure a prosperous economic
future and maintain the quality of life within the community.
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
TPC - S8C-15 Ch 04 Economic Development.doc
4-1
Relationship to Other Elements
The Economic Development Element is related to the Land Use,
Circulation, Public Facilities, and Housing Elements. A healthy economy
not only provides the tax base for local services and infrastructure, but
also affects the demand for a variety of land uses. A proper balance of
land uses helps the local economy by providing the business community
with a diverse workforce; housing, recreational, cultural, and retail
opportunities for employers and employees; and supporting infrastructure
facilities and services that foster economic growth. The Economic
Development Element is also related to the Community Design Element
because community identity can enhance the economic vitality and
marketability of the City.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
Economic development is a dynamic process that increases the wealth of
the community and allows it to provide a high quality of life for its
residents, businesses, and organizations. The primary purpose of the
economic development process should be to identify target economic
opportunities that are both realistic and compatible with the City's long-
term vision and goals. The Economic Development Element is responsive
to our Vision because it represents our desires to:
.
Build upon location and transportation advantages;
.
Partner and collaborate with local institutions;
.
Capture a share of growing markets;
.
Expand our industrial market and office development
opportunities;
.
Revitalize underutilized retail development;
.
Revitalize and reinvigorate investment and establishment of
businesses Downtown; and
.
Enhance the City's image and role as a gateway to the mountains
and desert.
4-2
City of San Bernardino
ABOUT OUR ECONOMY
Key Economic Issues
A combination of factors including the national recession of the early
1990s, the closure ofthe Norton Air Force Base, and increasing regional
competitive forces in the commercial/industrial sectors have continued to
challenge the City of San Bernardino. The present economic downturn,
acknowledged to have begun in early 2001, is also an evolving challenge.
Among the above, the closure of Norton Air Force Base had the most
adverse effect on the City's economy. San Bernardino instantly lost the
multiple levels of economic activity generated by Norton Air Force Base
during the last 50+ years of its presence.
Owing in significant part to loss of a number of major employers, San
Bernardino has been an economically distressed community for the better
part of two decades. Deprived of these longstanding employers and many
of the ancillary businesses they supported, the community has suffered a
variety of economic and social problems. These include chronic
unemployment and the associated need for public assistance,
disinvestments in housing stock, and consequent blight and poor health
conditions among many poorer residents.
Since the closure of the base that resulted in the loss of approximately
10,000 jobs, the City has been unable to attract significant concentrations
of higher quality jobs. The massive loss of jobs also affected the
reputation ofthe City, which is often being identified with concentrated
welfare dependent populations. There was a sudden drop in taxable retail
sales, resulting in escalating retail vacancies, loss of regional market
shares and a decline in fiscal revenues. These issues have also resulted in
the City's inability to attract significant higher value residential
developments or significant improvements in existing residential sales
values.
During the second half of the 1 990s, the City's circumstances began to
take a turn for the better. In part, reinvigoration stemmed from strong
growth in the state and national economies. Additionally, a new mayor
helped initiate or has endorsed a number of major economic and
community revitalization efforts over the past five years. A more detailed
discussion of the City's economic state is presented later in this element.
The full existing conditions report prepared by Stanley R. Hoffman and
Associates can be found in Appendix 10, Economic Development, Existing
Conditions, and Trends.
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
Household Size
From 1990 to 2000, households in
the City increased by 3.4 percent
while the County's increased by
13.7 percent. The average
household size for occupied
housing units in 2000 for the City
of San Bemardino was about 3.01
persons per household, a little less
than the County's 3.05 per
household.
Ethnically Diverse
The City is an ethnically diverse
community, with a larger Hispanic
population (47.5 percent) in 2000
than San Bernardino County (39.2
percent). The City's population of
White residents was 28.9 percent,
Black residents comprised 16.0
percent of the City's population
and Asian residents comprised 4.1
percent of the population.
4-3
Socio-Economic Conditions
The City of San Bernardino faces many challenges. Over the past decade,
our population, households, earning power, median household income,
and housing units have not kept pace with the region. These shortcomings
will need to be evaluated and strategies will need to be developed to
ensure that the City is keeping up with the region's economic position.
While the population of the City has experienced steady growth over the
last decade, it has not kept pace with the County's growth. The City
comprised 10.8 percent of the County's population in 2000, a slight
decrease compared to 11.6 percent in 1990.
The City's population has a larger proportion of households that earn
lower levels of income than the County average. In 1999 dollars, about 40
percent of the City's households earned less than $25,000 compared to
about 29 percent for the County. About 25 percent of the City's
households earned $50,000 or more compared to approximately 37 percent
for the County.
The City's estimated median household income in 1999 was about
$32,600, which was lower than the county median of approximately
$40,900. San Bernardino's average household income was also lower
($39,200) than the County ($49,200).
While the City's housing stock has remained about the same from 1990 to
2000, the number of dwelling units in the City has increased by about 9
percent from 58,969 to 64,376 units. In comparison, the total number of
housing units in San Bernardino County increased by about 12.5 percent.
Housing stock consisted primarily of single-family units (60.6 percent),
while multi-family units comprised about 32.2 percent ofthe City's
housing units. Mobile homes made up approximately 7.2 percent of the
City's housing stock.
Trends in median home prices have been moving upward for the City
during this time period. The City of San Bernardino provided more
affordable housing with the median at about $86,000 in comparison to the
County at about $109,000.
Employment and Salaries
The City of San Bernardino has many opportunities for long-term
employment growth and stability in the City. Highlights of trends that
have important implications for the City include:
4-4
City of San Bernardino
. While total employment for the Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA
(Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area) grew at an average annual
rate of3.3 percent from 1990 to 2000, total employment in the City
grew relatively less rapidly at an annual average rate of2.1
percent;
. The Services sector was the fastest growing non-farm sector in the
PM SA from 1990 to 2000, averaging 4.5 percent employment
growth over this time period. This sector also showed the most
growth, increasing by about 34 percent over the 1 O-year period;
. The region's continued expansion of rail, trucking, and air
transportation facilities resulted in increased employment in
Transportation and Wholesale Trade related jobs, each sector
growing at average annual rate of 4.0 percent from 1990 to 2000.
. 1999 estimates indicate that the City of San Bernardino had a total
of approximately 74,100 jobs, or about 13.9 percent ofthe total
countywide jobs.
. The major shares of San Bernardino County's governmental
resources are concentrated in the City of San Bernardino (29.3
percent of the total County government employment in 1999). This
large cluster provides sustained demand for business, retail, and
professional services.
. In 1999, the City's employment was comprised primarily of jobs in
the Services (42.4 percent), Retail (23.1 percent) and Public
Administration (10.1 percent) sectors. Over half(58 percent) of
the Services employment was in the Health and Educational
Services sectors.
. Although Services is a key sector for the City, the Manufacturing,
Wholesale Trade, and Transportation sectors represent target areas
for expansion. These sectors represented only 5.4 percent, 4.4
percent, and 3.5 percent, respectively, of the City's total
employment in 1999.
The City's payroll increased from about $1.6 billion in 1991 to about $2.0
billion in 1998, or about $336.0 million in nominal dollars. When the
City's payroll is adjusted for inflation, the purchasing power of payroll in
the City has increased by about $97.6 million in constant 2000 dollars or
5.0 percent from 1991 to 1998. Government had the biggest payroll,
followed by Retail and Educational Institutions. In constant 2000 dollars
the payroll for Governmental Agencies was the largest of all sectors in
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-5
1998, or a total of about $636.8 million. This was followed by the Retail
sector at about $240.7 million. Manufacturing had a total payroll of about
$89.4 million. In constant 2000 dollars, the average annual salary per
worker has increased only slightly, from $28,590 in 1991 to $30,218 in
1998.
The highest average annual salary was in the Utilities sector at an average
$49,323 annually, followed by the Government sector at $41,196. Other
Services and Business Services have lower average salaries, with Retail
salaries the lowest, at an average $18,471 annually. Another economic
consideration is the relative salaries generated by the different industries.
Although the Retail sector had the second highest payroll during 1998,
retail salaries are among the lowest salaries of all sectors. Selected
categories within the Services sector, such as Education, Health and
Engineering, and Management, can have higher average salaries than the
Service sector as a whole suggesting that if the right mix of basic
industries can be expanded or attracted to the City, there is the potential to
increase average incomes in the local area.
Market Trends
The Inland Empire as a whole has undergone a tremendous transfonnation
over the last 15 to 20 years and has become a major industrial center for
Southern California. With most of the 1-10 freeway corridor now
becoming a mature market, commercial, and industrial developments are
seeking locations farther east. San Bernardino is in a good position to take
advantage of these market conditions with the City's access to the 1-10,1-
215 and 1-15 freeways. Also, the extension of the Foothill Freeway from
San Bernardino to La Verne will be completed within five years,
providing significant east-west connections. This section addresses the
trends in the retail, office, and industrial markets and their implications for
San Bernardino.
1. Retail Trends
Although the City continues to attract retail dollars from neighboring
communities, its position as a retail center has been declining. The loss of
a large share of the City's employment base and corresponding disposable
income due to the Norton Air Force base closure was a significant
contributor to this decline. Increasing retail competition from newer
regional centers, such as Ontario Mills, is also contributing to the erosion
of San Bernardino's regional retail market base.
4-6
City of San Bernardino
Inventory
As of mid-year 2000, the City had a total inventory of about 4.1 million
square feet ofleasable retail space. About 43 percent of this total
inventory was comprised of community serving centers and neighborhood
centers. The 29-year old Carousel Mall has over 1.0 million square feet
and is the largest regional center in the City, followed by the 35-year old
Inland Center at about 1.0 million square feet. Carousel Mall has lease
rates ranging from $18 to $40 per square foot per year, while smaller
centers have lease rates in the range of$16 to $25 per square foot per year.
Most ofthe City's centers were built from 1956 to 1989 and are in need of
revitalization. Many ofthe City's strip centers are underutilized and many
are in need of aesthetic enhancement. Major commercial corridors are in
need of landscape and median improvements. As the overall image of the
City slowly changes over time, it can become a highly sought after place
to conduct business and invest.
Occupancy
Occupancy rates for properties larger than 85,000 square feet vary from 60
to 85 percent. Only the Tri-City Shopping Center and the University
Valley Center reported occupancy greater than 87 percent.
Opportunities
Preliminary analysis indicates that the existing retail stock is over-built by
about 400,000 square feet. However, the City is likely to be the focus of
continuing interest by large value-oriented retailers such as Wal-Mart,
Kohl's, and home stores such as Lowe's or Home Depot. The Sam's Club
at Harriman Avenue and the 1-215, adds about 250,000 square feet of
additional retail space to the City. As a result of larger value-oriented
stores, the existing retail developments will be highly vulnerable to new
competition. Therefore, only marginal increases will occur in the total net
volume of occupied retail space in the City of San Bernardino.
2. Office Trends
In the last few years the Inland Empire has started to emerge as a desirable
location for office development. The primary thrust behind the region's
growth has been the affordability of housing relative to Los Angeles and
Orange Counties. In addition, continuing expansion of Ontario airport
passenger traffic and the future potential of the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center make the area more attractive for
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
Characteristics of the Inland Empire
and San Bernardino area markets as
of 3rd quarter 2000 include the
following:
. The Inland Empire market has
added approximately 1.48 million
square feet of space during
1995.2000 to reach a total
rentable inventory about 13.5
million square feet;
. The San Bernardino sub-market
(San Bernardino, Colton,
Redlands and Loma Linda) had
about 3.73 million rentable
square feet as of the 3rd quarter
2000, and the City had about
3.03 million square feet;
. Average asking rent in the Inland
Empire region is approximately
$1.45 per square foot per month
as of the third quarter of 2000,
compared to the San Bernardino
sub-market, at $1.42 per square
foot.
4-7
Iju/j
office use, which generates and attracts business travel. Supportable space
estimates indicate that the City of San Bernardino's office market is
currently overbuilt. However, projected employment growth shows that
the City could capture as much as 170,000 square feet annually over the
next five years, particularly in the downtown.
Inventory and Absorption
The approximate volume of multi-tenant space located in the City of San
Bernardino is about 3.03 million square feet. This does not include single
use governmental space. About 551,300 square feet of this total is vacant
resulting in an overall vacancy rate of 18.2 percent. As of the 3rd quarter
2000, about 530,000 square feet of office space was under construction, all
of which was in the Airport area and the Riverside area.
The demand for office space in the Inland Empire is expected to remain
strong as the neighboring office markets of Los Angeles and Orange
Counties continue to tighten. As of the 3rd quarter of 2000, the San
Bernardino sub-market had absorbed about 268,000 square feet ofthe
550,000 total square feet absorbed in the Inland Empire region, or about
49 percent of the total.
Opportunities
A net new demand of about 850,000 square feet of new office space is
forecasted in the City. Opportunities for office development will be
primarily in the downtown area with infill and mixed commercial
development, as well as lower-density office park type development in the
northern part ofthe City along the 1-215 corridor or adjacent to California
State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB).
3. Industrial Trends
As a shortage of industrial space is occurring in Orange County, the Inland
Empire has experienced a large number of firms taking advantage of
available land at affordable prices relative to other markets. Industrial
space absorption in the Inland Empire has therefore remained strong. The
area around the junction of the 1-15 with the 1-10 and Route 60 freeways is
now reaching capacity and space costs are beginning to rise. As a result,
industrial developers and manufacturing clients are now increasing their
activity further east. The City of San Bernardino is benefiting from this
trend.
City of San Bernardino
Inventory and Absorption
The total Inland Empire market inventory was approximately 215.9
million square feet as of the third quarter of2000. The San
BernardinolRedlands submarket contained about 11.8 million square feet
or about 5 percent of the regional total. About 9.5 million square feet of
the San BernardinolRedlands submarket was located in the City of San
Bernardino. The City of San Bernardino had a vacancy rate of about 4.8
percent, lower than the San BernardinolRedlands submarket of 6.0 percent
and the region's 7.1 percent.
The majority of the new industrial space constructed in the Inland Empire
during the year 2000 was comprised of speculative projects, which
accounted for about 63 percent of the total new buildings. As of the 3rd
quarter of2000, about 6 million square feet was pre-leased, and about 40
percent of the new tenants were from outside the Inland Empire.
Opportunities
The City could absorb about 400,000 square feet of industrial space
annually over the next four years, with the capacity to accommodate about
2.0 million square feet by the end of the planning period. MatteI, Stater
Brothers, Pep Boys, and Kohl's all constructed warehouse distribution
centers near the airport. The larger parcels ofland in northwest part of the
City that have frontage along the 1-215 Freeway could attract warehouse-
distribution and light manufacturing firms. For instance, the Southeast
Industrial Park (265,000 square feet) has space for infill development.
Alliances between the City and educationallhealth institutions will be an
effective tool to attract high technology and medical manufacturing firms
to the City. In addition, The San Bernardino International Airport and
Trade Center (SBIA) represents a prime opportunity for industry and
economic growth.
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
Characteristics of industrial market
trends in San Bernardino include:
. About 49 firms and agencies
have located in the City from
1994 to 1999, bringing 5,500 new
jobs into the economic base (San
Bemardino Economic and
Community Profile);
. As of 3rd quarter 2000, there was
about 9.5 million square feet of
industrial space, or about 80.1
percent of the total San
Bernardino/Redlands market,
located in the City of San
Bernardino;
. The City has a low vacancy rate
of 4.8 percent when compared to
the sub-market area's 6.0
percent, as well as to the Inland
Empire average of 7.1 percent;
and
. Industrial rents are about $3.56
per square foot per year (NNN)
and are slightly lower than the
regional average of $3.83 per
square foot per year (NNN).
Triple net (NNN) refers to a lease
requiring the tenant to pay, in
addition to a fixed rent, the
expenses of the property such as
taxes, insurance, and
maintenance.
4-9
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for economic development
in the City of San Bernardino Planning Area:
The current market activity in San Bernardino provides numerous
opportunities for the benefit of both regional and local residents. Pursuit
of these opportunities can involve expansion of current activity,
intensification/consolidation of existing active areas and facilities, and
development of selected areas and facilities.
Goal 4.1
Encourage economic activity that capitalizes upon the
transportation and locational strengths of San
Bernardino.
Policies:
4.1.1 Proactively seek out and retain businesses that create jobs
and generate sales tax revenue.
4.1.2 Proactively seek out and retain businesses that are suited
for our market, including:
a. Attracting industrial and manufacturing users.
b. Attracting commercial passenger and air cargo
business.
c. Pursuing airport development with a focus on
transforming the area into a commercial aviation center
with ancillary industrial and warehouse facilities.
d. Attracting non-polluting, light manufacturing and
assembly uses to industrial infill and buffer sites.
Examples include high value printing and publishing,
light packaging etc.
e. Attracting industries/firms that require rail
transportation, transportation-related industries,
warehousing, and similar uses.
f. Seeking collections of unique retailers/"outfitters" that
can maintain market draw and sustain regional
4-10 City of San Bernardino
reputation (e.g. "mountain-related stores"; trucking
training; information centers; etc.). (E-5)
4.1.3 Integrate long-range plans as outlined in the 2002 ten-year
master-development agreement for the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA) as part of
the City's overall revitalization efforts.
4.1.4 Diversify the industrial use mix with a balance of
warehousing! distribution, manufacturing, and research and
development uses.
Goal 4.2 Retain and expand the City's GovernmenUPublic
Office cluster uses.
Policies:
4.2.1 Maintain strong intergovernmental relations with public
sector agencies to be up to date with their needs.
4.2.2 Capitalize on the government, courthouse, and similar
public sector uses inthe City to attract and retain dependent
employment sectors.
4.2.3 Attract public sector tenants to occupy historic/adaptive
reuse projects. (E-5)
4.2.4 Revitalize and improve downtown streetscapes to attract
new users and retain existing users. (CD-I)
Goal 4.3
Continue and expand the City's marketing and
P~<?I!l_<?~}<:>_I1_~~~_~P~J_!:!I1~__________________________________
Policies:
4.3.1 Market industrial vacancies and new opportunity sites in
the City to maintain occupancies at a level higher than the
regional average.
4.3.2 Develop marketing programs to establish an awareness of
the opportunities and programs in each Strategic Policy
Area (see Land Use Element).
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-11
4-12
4.3.3 Improve public rights-of-way along commercial corridors
to attract new business and encourage existing retail outlets
to remain in San Bernardino. (CD-I)
4.3.4 Establish a marketing program to promote the attributes of
the City in order to attract new businesses and encourage
existing businesses to remain in San Bernardino, with
special emphasis on the following uses:
a. Office;
b. Retail;
c. Large-scale government agencies in downtown;
d. Medical offices;
e. Business services; and
f. Upscale housing. (E-6)
Goal 4.4 Attract businesses through an efficient improvement
. ... ........ ...... ..... .....P~c:lg ~<:ll!l:.....__..._...._..._._......__._... . ......_.......
Policies:
4.4.1 Provide the necessary public infrastructure to enable
businesses to operate successfully and direct new
businesses to areas that can adequately serve new uses.
Prioritize and market improvements to allow development
to anticipate the location and timing of infrastructure
improvements.
4.4.2 Expand/invest in high-speed communications infrastructure
to attract technology oriented users.
4.4.3 Implement and market streetscape improvement efforts to
prepare for oncoming economic activities. (CD-I)
---~._-----_._--_..._-----_.._.._--_._.~-~_._._._-_._---~---'-----"-----'---'-""-'~'-'-------
Goal 4.5 Identify and attract new employment types/land uses
that complement the existing employment clusters
._____...._...._..~.~~.!.c:l.~!(;l.~J.c:l_r:!~t.t(;l.!:I!l~c.c:lno~~JJro~~.:.... .... .._........_.
Policies:
4.5.1
Focus on developing the export-oriented economic capacity
of the City, which includes 'production businesses' (i.e.,
manufacturing and service firms). (E-5)
City of San Bernardino
4.5.2 Maintain and enhance commercial regional cores and
economically sound community-serving commercial
concentrations by attracting new regional outlets,
maintaining the existing regional retail base, and stabilizing
the future regional retail base.
4.5.3 Expand the City's industrial base and manufacturing-
related employment through public improvements,
community events, and marketing efforts.
4.5.4 Expand, through business attraction and local business
development, private sector export activity. (E-5)
4.5.5 Attract high-technology businesses to the City, focusing on
Lorna Linda University Medical Center, a research
university with some interest in technology and transfer and
commercialization. (E-5)
4.5.6 Capitalize on the unique educational and research assets of
the City by facilitating growth of technology businesses
and related industry around California State University, San
Bernardino (CSUSB). This would include the potential
business/tech park that would abut CSUSB. This facility
would serve as a new economic and employment hub in the
north end of the City. (E-8)
Goal 4.6 Establish employment sectors that support business
______.________________._~E'?~~_:.____.._...._._....____.__.____..____ .. ______.______.____________.____.__.____
Policies:
4.6.1 Identify specific clusters of economic activity to target for
recruitment (e.g. seek additional public and proprietary
educational institutions and technology education). (E-5)
4.6.2 Attract federal and private training center functions to the
SBIA, including aerial forest fire suppression, regional air
marshal's training; airlines flight crew training; law
enforcement aircraft operations training; etc. (E-5)
4.6.3 Develop a program to retain and attract services that
interact with governments, (e.g. legal offices;
accounting/auditing firms; design and engineering firms;
finance-insurance, real estate services firms; etc.). (E-7)
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-13
4.6.4 Market existing and attract new hosting capacities for
business/public events, which are thematically different
from those in Ontario. (E-6)
-~''''~-'-'--'----------'-'*-**----'-'''-''''-''--'-'---~-,-....--.-...... ... ..........-.....-.-----.--.----...--.-..-....-*-----......--....-..._._----_.__._--~_._.._--_._.*_.__._..._.__..-
Goal 4.7 Build on the Health Care clusters to attract and retain
_______~____________~~I~~~<!_~_'!Iplo~I1l_~~~__~ec~~~~_:_________________~_________~_________
Policies:
4.7.1 Work with area educational institutions to expand medical
technology education and training programs. Identify
programs and facilities funding sources to commit to such
training. (E-8)
4.7.2 Attract medical specialties (biomed; biotech; medical
devices; etc.) to capitalize upon needs of the Lorna Linda
Medical Center. (E-5)
4.7.3 Implement strategies in the Community Hospital
Opportunity Area as identified in the Land Use Element.
.....---................-........---.--.........-....-.......----......--..-.--.--.-----.--.*.-.-..-.--.-...-......--.----..---.....--....-.-..-----..--..-..-......-..--.------.---....--..------.-...-.-----.-...---.--
Goal 4.8 Build on Transportation clusters to attract and retain
._ ______......._________9_Ep~~9_~l"lt~I1lP_I()yl1l_~I"l~~~~~()E~:._____________________
Policies:
4.8.1 Examine opportunities to capitalize on the City's train and
distribution uses as well as the historic Santa Fe Depot and
its Metrolink Passenger Services.
4.8.2 Fund key surface transportation improvements including
new interchanges along 1-215 and access from the 1-10 to
the San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center
along Waterman, Mountain View, Tippecanoe, and Mill.
--_.._._..__.._-~_._--_._----_...._._._"*--_...._._..__..__.._-_.-......._.._----~...__._.._.__._...__._--_.._--_...-...--.--.--.............-...---
Goal 4.9 Prevent retail sales leakage and recapture regional
.. _________________E~_~~i~_~~E~_~~i~~~~~bE()_ugh k~_~_~~~~~~~_______________~_____
Policies:
4.9.1
Monitor and strive to capture an increasing percentage of
the day-to-day regional shopping needs of the resident
population. (E-3)
4-14
City of San Bernardino
4.9.2 Proactively attract and provide incentives to developers and
tenants that draw retail sales from the broader region.
Redevelopment Areas
To maintain and enhance its quality oflife, the City of San Bernardino has
focused on economic revitalization in a variety of ways. The City
continues to maintain a redevelopment program that is comprised often
Project Areas throughout the City, as shown on Figure ED-I, City
Redevelopment Areas, and described as follows:
1. Central City North Plan
Adopted August 6, 1973
Total gross acres: 278
Central City North, a mixture of retail, commercial, restaurants,
professional services, and single-family residences, is generally located
east of the 1-215 freeway, west of Arrowhead Avenue, south ofSth Street,
and north of 4th Street. Since its adoption, various developments have
occurred such as:
. Senior housing facilities;
. California Theatre;
. Main library branch;
. Stater Bros Central City Plaza;
. Social Security Offices;
. Administrative offices for the City Unified School District;
. Community College District;
. Renovation and remodel of the 60-year old California Theater,
home of the Civic Light Opera and Inland Empire Symphony
Association;
. Cinema Star Luxury Theaters at Fourth and "E" Streets;
. Central Police Facility that allows police staff, communications
and jail facilities to be consolidated into one location; and
. An eleven-story consolidated office tower and parking garage
for the State Dept. of Transportation (Caltrans).
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-15
2. Central City Projects Plan
Adoptions:
Meadowbrook - August 22, 1958
Central City - March 27, 1965
Central East - May 3, 1976
Central City South - May 3, 1976
Projects merged in 1983 - Total gross acres: 1,008
Central City Projects is the combination of three redevelopment Project
Areas: Meadowbrook/Central City, Central City East, and Central City
South. This Project Area is generally located east ofI-215, north of
Orange Show Road, south ofih Street, and west of Waterman Avenue.
Developments include:
· Administrative offices for federal, state, county, and City
departments;
· Seccombe Lake State Urban Park (55-acres);
· National Orange Show with 136-acre fairgrounds, which is
host ofthe Annual Citrus Fair & Music Festival, provides a
variety of exhibit & convention facilities and a stadium with
race track;
· Court Street Square at the comer of Court & "E" streets with its
covered outdoor stage provides a site for a variety of public
oriented activities such as music concerts, arts & crafts, stage
theater performances;
· American Sports University;
· Arrowhead Credit Union Park, a 5,000 seat facility, home to
the Inland Empire 66ers (Class "A" farm team for the
Dodgers); and
· The Inland Center mall.
4-16 City of San Bernardino
v-
City Redevelopment Areas
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LEGEND:
r~ Central City Projects
r--l Central CIty North
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_ Central CIty West
__ State College
I I Southeast Industrial Park i'
_ Northwest _ Mt. Vernon CorriJor
I I TrI City _ 40th Street
I -, South Valle L --1 City LimIts
~~ Uptown L --1 County area within City Limits
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure ED-l
3. Southeast Industrial Park
Plan Adopted: June 21, 1976
Total gross acres: 870
Southeast Industrial Park, located in the southeast quadrant of the City, is
divided into two sections:
. The 520-acre western area is located adjacent to the 1-10 and 1-
215 freeway interchange and west ofW aterman Avenue. This
area offers a mix of professional office complexes, a restaurant
row, a hotel with convention facilities and various motels,
retail, commercial, and light industrial groups; and
. The 350-acre eastern area that is generally zoned for light
industrial uses and has airport, 1-10 freeway, and rail access,
making it ideal for distribution and manufacturing facilities.
This area is generally located west ofI-2l5 and east of Auto
Plaza Drive.
Developments include:
. E Street sewer main replacement;
. Industrial and office buildings; and
. Self storage buildings.
4. Northwest
Plan Adopted July 6, 1982
Total gross acres: 1,500
Located in the northwest quadrant of the City, this Project Area is
generally west ofI-2l5 and north of Foothill Boulevard. The Northwest
Project Area focuses on industrial uses and commercial corridors along
portions of Highland Avenue, Baseline, Medical Center Drive, and Mt.
Vernon Avenue. Major employers within the area include San Bernardino
Community Hospital and the Westside Shopping Center. Developments
include:
. Alere Distribution (872,000 square feet on 50 acres); and
. Pacific Coast Steel (76,000 square foot manufacturing facility).
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-19
5. South Valle
Plan Adopted: July 9, 1984
Total gross acres: 289.3
The South Valle redevelopment project is located south of the 1-10
freeway, on either side of Redlands Boulevard, within the very southern
portion of the City limits. Ideal for commercial and light industrial, South
Valle is within the sphere of two commercial and industrial centers. The
project has 1-10 and 1-215 freeway access and rail service. A
transcontinental truck terminal is also located adjacent to the project at the
southwest corner of Hunts Lane and Redlands Boulevard. Developments
include:
. Hardin Marine; and
· Redlands Boulevard Pavement Rehabilitation.
6. Tri-City
Plan Adopted: June 20,1983
Total gross acres: 378
Located in the southeast section of San Bernardino, this Project Area
includes Hospitality Lane and is generally bound by Tippecanoe Avenue
on the east, Waterman Avenue on the west, 1-10 on the south, Brier Drive
on the north. The Tri-City redevelopment Project Area is divided into
Subareas I and II as follows:
· Subarea I is 95 acres in size, is located west of Del Rosa
Avenue and north of Sixth Street to Baseline, and is designated
for residential development.
· Subarea II consists of283 acres and is located east of
W aterman Avenue, west of Tippecanoe A venue, and north of
the 1-10 freeway. Subarea II contains the Tri- City Corporate
Center and Hospitality Lane, which provide a mix of office,
retail, commercial, restaurant uses.
Developments include:
· Hampton Inn (105 room hotel); and
· ITT Tech (41,700 square foot educational facility).
4-20 City of San Bernardino
7. State College Plan
Adopted April 27, 1970
Total gross acres: 1,800
This Project Area is located within the northwest sector of the City and is
generally located north ofthe 30 Freeway and east ofI-215. The State
College Plan area consists of single & multi-family residential, open
space, recreational, commercial, and industrial land uses. Developments
include:
. Adjacent to 1-215 freeway and University Parkway is the 350-
acre State College Business Park. Access to the 1-215 and 1-15
freeways and the A.T. & S.F. and Union Pacific railroads
makes the park an ideal location for distribution and
manufacturing facilities.
. The campus of California State University San Bernardino is
located near the foothills of the project; and
. Shandin Hills Golf Course creates an attractive entrance to the
City.
Developments include:
. Lowe's Retail Center; and
. Sun Newspaper (55,000 square foot office building).
8. Central City West Plan
Adopted February 17, 1976
Total gross acres: 4
Located at the northeast comer of Fifth Street and Mount Vernon Avenue,
Central City West Plan is an area long recognized as the gateway to the
upper Mt. Vernon A venue retail and commercial district. Historically this
intersection has been the westerly turning point for Highway Route 66 and
a major intersection for traveler movement toward many inter-city and
intra-city destinations. The area reflects early Spanish motifs and
architectural styling, with open space, along with tile roofs and concreted
plaza areas, and has enhanced the entire area. Developments include:
. Don's Drug Store (fayade improvements); and
. Esperanza Ranch Market (fayade improvements).
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-21
9. Uptown
Plan Adopted: June 16, 1986
Total gross acres: 432
Located within the central section of San Bernardino, the Uptown
redevelopment Project Area encompasses the business corridors of"E"
Street, Baseline, and Highland A venues and includes much of the City's
service and retail business sectors. The majority of the City's small to
mid-sized medical clinics, dental offices, laboratories, and related services
are either in or adjacent to the Project Area. This redevelopment area is
located adjacent to the Metrolink Commuter Station and Amtrak Train
Depot and includes properties bounded by Mt. Vernon A venue, King
Street, Rialto Avenue, and the 1-215 freeway. Developments include:
· Santa Fe Deport Planning;
.
100,000 square foot Retail Warehouse; and
9th Street Pavement Rehabilitation.
.
10. Mt. Vernon Corridor
Plan Adopted: June 25, 1990
Total gross acres: 1,938
The Mt. Vernon Corridor redevelopment Project Area comprises a portion
of the City that was once a dominant and representative expression ofthe
City's cultural history. This Project Area is generally located east ofI-215,
north of the City limits, and south of Highland Avenue. The Project Area
includes:
· Commercial uses along main thoroughfares such as Mt.
Vernon Avenue and Foothill Boulevard
· Public flood control lands in the northwest portion of the plan,
west ofthe 1-215 freeway, and north- westerly of Orange Show
Road! Auto Plaza Drive.
· A combination of commercial, industrial, residential and public
land uses with residential uses predominately located along the
west side of the 1-215 freeway between Fifth Street and
Baseline.
Developments include:
· La Plaza Park Fencing and Lighting; and
· Renovation ofMt. Vernon Avenue Bridge.
4-22 City of San Bernardino
Inland Valley Development Agency
The Inland Valley Development Agency (IVDA) is a regional Joint
Powers Authorities formed in 1990 to redevelop the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center properties and replace the 10,000
jobs that were lost when the Norton Air Force Base closed in 1994.
Along with the San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA),
the IVDA serves as master developers of the 2,100 acres of the San
Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center. In addition to the
Airport property, the IVDA redevelopment project area includes
approximately 14,000 acres in a three-mile radius of surrounding property
outside the base, as shown on Figure ED-2.
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-23
4-24
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City of San Bernardino
o
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IVDA Redevelopment Areas
g~
I Inland Valley Development Agency Redevelopment Areas
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure ED-2
Other Economic Development Efforts
The Economic Development Agency also implements the City's
Economic Development Strategy. This strategy includes aggressive
business promotion and consulting services focusing on business retention
attraction and expansion services for new or existing businesses by
providing resources in technical assistance, financial assistance, and
development permit assistance.
The Business Support Network (BizNet) was developed in partnership
with San Bernardino Valley Community College, California State
University, San Bernardino, the Inland Valley Manufacturer's Council,
and the San Bernardino Area Chamber of Commerce to assist local
businesses with potential for significant growth and job creation.
Through the implementation of the Economic Development Strategy and
supplemental business development tools such as BizNet, the City is
positioning itself to become a premiere location in the Inland Empire to
conduct business. By reinvigorating business investment into the
community, the City will also foster redevelopment and revitalization of
areas that have been under utilized for extended periods of time.
Goal 4.10
Optimize existing redevelopment project areas to
......i~~.~!ify..~.~~J~rJ~E.i!i~.~_~.~Y.~!~E'!l(;).~.!.~ep~~.~~i!i~~:....
Policies:
4.10.1
Utilize all available redevelopment agency/City tools to
revitalize and enhance strategic areas of the City. (E-l, E-2,
E-3, and E-4)
4.10.2
Market the City and pro actively attract users by:
. Concentrating on the Southeast Industrial Park in the
near term to attract high value employers.
. Attracting high value industriallR&D uses to develop
the Northwest and the State College (west of 1-215).
. Enhancing Downtown as a Public/Government sector
core.
. Seeking development opportunities to the west ofI-215
in the vicinity of the Santa Fe rail depot.
. Promoting revitalization ofthe Carousel Mall
Downtown through a mixture of land uses, such as
additional office and mixed-use space.
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-27
4-2e
· Considering expanding uses adjacent to the Arrowhead
Credit Union Park to include uses such as a Stadium
Business Park office complex or a parking structure.
Goal 4.11
-- - --- ---._._--_.._.....~.._._--_._.....-._~--_.__._._..__.__.._-----_._......._.._.._......_......_.......__.._-~-_._....._....__........_....... ...-.-..-.................-.--.-.-......----.-----..----.
Policies:
4.11.1
4.11.2
4.11.3
4.11.4
4.11.5
4.11.6
Ensure fiscal viability in order to provide a high level
of services to the community and finance capital
... ...__PE~j~cts~___.___.._.._._._.._.__..._.__................___._._.._.___.._.._
Address the availability of new financing sources to
supplement the primary revenues for both capital facility
costs and ongoing operations and maintenance costs. (E-1)
Expand opportunities by encouraging an appropriate mix of
revenue-generating land uses to maintain a competitive
edge and a strong sales tax base.
Continue to maximize opportunities that generate taxable
sales in targeted growth areas.
Annually evaluate the City's overall fiscal performance
through a monitoring program that tracks the City's annual
retail and non-retail taxable sales performance.
Determine the need for a fiscal impact analysis as part of
the Development Review process. The purpose is to
provide input into assessment of overall impact of
development activities and to determine potential costs to
the City. (E-1)
Monitor the fiscal impact of the mix of development
proposals and activity on an annual basis to determine
which or what kind of activities, if any, should be
encouraged or delayed (according to their net positive or
negative fiscal impact).
City of San Bernardino
Many ofthe local schools and universities have mentor and training
programs as part of their available curriculum. These programs can be
expanded and enhanced to generate a skilled workforce that will remain in
the community as long as employment opportunities are available.
Creating reciprocal relationships with the City's workforce population,
major institutions, and educational facilities that provide training programs
can foster reinvestment into the community by those that live and work
there. Identifying the skills of the City's current workforce can also help
to define the types of uses that should be attracted to the City.
Goal 4.12 Positively define and capitalize on available workforce
.......__._......~~ill~<3J>.~pJl.~!ie~.!~.~.~~~.c~.rl~':"_~~E~().y.ei~:.. ........_.. .
Policies:
4.12.1 Define and market the regional labor force in areas within
commuting distance from San Bernardino.
4.12.2 Attract large employers with bilingual labor force needs
and modest skills. Examples include Call Centers and
Billing Centers.
4.12.3 Provide tax incentives and technical assistance to
encourage home-based businesses/offices.
4.12.4 Promote bilingual capacities ofthe resident labor force as
an asset.
Goal 4.13 Partner with the existing educational institutions to
~_..._.._....~!!:~~!i~~Iy'.~~liy_~.~j()~..tEc:l!rl~rl~.E~~.~!".~r:!!s_t~J.~.~i~~.rl!~:.....
4.13.1
Identify training and labor force needs of oncoming
employment sectors.
4.13.2
Provide vocational training opportunities to the resident
labor force in conjunction with the San Bernardino Valley
College and CSUSB. (E-8)
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
4-29
4-30
4.13.3
4.13.4
Pursue development of joint incubator projects sponsored/
fostered by CSUSB, San Bernardino Valley College, and
private entities. (E-8)
Partner with CSUSB to create an endowment and attract
funds towards the formation of an engineering school. (E-
8)
Recreational, cultural, entertainment, and educational opportunities have
the potential to create a draw to the City of San Bernardino. Highly
publicized events such as the Route 66 Rendezvous help to convey a
positive image ofthe City and should be capitalized upon.
Goal 4.14
--~._...._--......,..._.....- - .--.- - ...-.......-........--.........-.......-..--..........---.......---.---.---.,_...__.__.....___..__.....__....._.._...........m...._._.__........._,._____ .... .... _..._.__.__...........__.________n.......
Policies:
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
Enhance, maintain, and develop recreational, cultural,
entertainment, and educational facilities within the
Continue and expand educational, cultural, recreational,
and supporting uses at California State University, San
Bernardino and San Bernardino Valley College.
Seek and attract uses that foster a high level of evening
activity (e.g., theaters and restaurants).
Attract uses that complement and intensify the Convention
Center in downtown San Bernardino, including expanding
convention facilities, hotels, restaurants, theaters, and
similar uses.
Goal 4.15
----.---...----___......_...._.._.____..___..._MM__~_______...____._____._______....___....._____......_._____.._._.._...__..______._.
Policies:
4.15.1
Expand on historic and the natural assets to attract
recreational visitors.
Stimulate hotel occupancies to achieve performance
consistent with the regional market through marketing
efforts and public improvements.
City of San Bernardino
4.15.2
Continue to promote 'identity-building' events such as
'Route 66', 'Citrus', etc.
4.15.3
Promote the Santa Fe Depot District as a destination with
easy connections via the Metrolink.
4.15.4
Build on the 'Gateway to the Mountains' theme to attract
overnight visitors.
4.15.5
Allow and encourage the intensification of recreational
uses at The National Orange Show, connecting it with the
surrounding area and expanding allowable uses on the site
(e.g. conference center, water feature).
City of San Bernardino
4 Economic Development
SAN I!II!RN~ROINO
The annual Route 66 Rendezvous
has created as an economic
stimulant for the San Bernardino
region through tourism.
The Orange Pavilion at the
National Orange Show. Source:
National Orange Show Website
4-31
This page intentionally left blank
4-32
City of San Bernardino
chapter 5. COMMUNIlY DESIGN
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5 Community Design
Chapter 5. Community Design
INTRODUCTION
The City of San Bernardino is a large, diverse planning area that stretches
over 70 square miles and encompasses various natural and man-made
environments. The topography includes soaring mountains, deep valleys,
wide alluvial plains, streams, rivers, and a flat valley floor. Its built
environment ranges from dense commercial and civic uses in Downtown,
to single-family neighborhoods, to hillside estates. Visitors view the City
from major freeways and along arterials; residents experience it along its
local streets, parks, schools, and shopping centers. Creating a positive and
strong community identity for such a diverse area is the goal of this
Element.
Purpose
The Community Design Element provides policy guidance that respects
San Bernardino's diverse context while seeking to unify the City through
carefully crafted design policies. A Community Design Element is an
optional part of the General Plan, but the City recognizes the importance
of community appearance and design to its vitality and future.
This element addresses the following aesthetic issues:
. Community wide design issues,
. District or neighborhood aesthetic consideration, and
. Individual land use design considerations.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Community Design Element is closely linked to the Land Use
Element as well as the Development Code. In concert, these three
documents address both citywide policy level and ordinance level land
uses and development standards.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-Is Ch 05 Community Designdoc
5-1
5-2
In addition, special urban design standards are present in some of the
City's redevelopment project areas. These special standards set forth
architectural and site design standards to create a sense of cohesion in
these revitalizing areas. The most extensive example of these special
restrictions is the Development Framework and Design Guidelines
adopted as part of the Central City South Overlay District, adopted in
1987. These guidelines discuss access and parking, height, bulk, and
setback of buildings, ground floor frontage, landscaping and hardscaping,
and other design features.
Finally, certain master planned areas have their own codes, covenants, and
restrictions (CC&Rs) that are applied by the master developers to projects
that wish to locate within these areas. Two examples of this case are the
Tri-City Corporate Center in the Hospitality district and the State College
Business Park within the State College Redevelopment Project Area.
City of San Bernardino
ACHIEVING THE VISION
The overriding vision of San Bernardino is to enhance the City's overall
image, recreate and capture its distinct personality, and create a strong
community identity from a diverse base, while at the same time avoiding a
sterile sameness.
The Urban Design Element is responsive to our Vision because it
represents our desires to:
. Develop unique entry features into the City as a whole and into
distinct neighborhoods and districts to help define our boundaries
and act as landmarks;
. Develop and enact a cohesive theme for the entire City as well as
sub-themes for our neighborhoods to provide identity and create a
sense of community;
. Ensure well-designed and coordinated projects, including the site
plan, architecture, materials, colors, landscaping, and signage;
. Realize well-maintained properties, roadways, parks, libraries, and
community centers;
. Enjoy aesthetic enhancements along our arterial corridors and
public rights-of-way, including landscaping and streetscape
improvements; and
. Preserve the City's historic heritage and incorporate its significant
features into the design of new projects.
COMMUNITY DESIGN SCOPE AND
STRUCTURE
An important theory behind this Element is that community design exists
at various levels, from the scale of an individual project to that of the
entire community. In between, districts and neighborhoods are visually
distinct sub-areas that are tied to the City as a whole. The challenge for
the City of San Bernardino is to incorporate new development into the
design fabric of the City so that it contributes both to overall community
image and to its immediate context. The best way to plan for this is to
establish design guidelines and policies at each of these important levels.
City of San Bernardino
5 Community Design
5-3
5-4
The following structure offers a way ofthinking about design features
applicable to these distinct levels and provides the basis for the issues,
goals and policies that follow:
. Community-wide Design Features
· City gateways and entries
· Major corridor design and street furniture
· City signs and logos
· Community facilities - civic center, parks, trails, community
centers
. District and Neighborhood Level Design Features
· Specialized landscaping and streetscape themes
· Neighborhood entry features
. Project Level Design Features
· Architectural variety and interest
· Creative site planning
· Context and compatibility transitions
· Convenient parking and access
· Varied streetscape treatment
See Figure CD-I for a depiction of significant community-wide design
features. The plan constitutes a visual summary of the important
community design features that are the focus of this Element.
City of San Bernardino
Community Design Plan
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SA~lBERNARDINO
General Plan
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GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for community design for in
the City of San Bernardino.
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In a city as large and diverse as San Bernardino, it is challenging to create
a consistent community design theme. San Bernardino is approximately
60 square miles (70 square miles including the Sphere of Influence) and
has irregular borders intermingled with adjacent cities and the County.
Our topography varies from the hills and canyons to the north to the flat
areas toward the southwest. Our neighborhoods range from period
architecture of the early 1900's to suburban tracts typical of development
in the 1950's through today. In addition, our commercial areas range from
specialty retail areas to strip commercial development along its many
corridors.
Unifying this City of diverse elements is both a challenge and an
opportunity. The creation of distinct community gateways and enhanced
corridors can provide a community identity and distinguish San
Bernardino from surrounding communities. An example of the type of
aesthetic improvements we desire can be seen in Figure CD-2, Illustrative
Examples.
Gateways
Due to the amorphous City boundaries and size of San Bernardino, it is
often difficult to identify entry into the City. The creation of strong
gateways, or entry points, can help distinguish San Bernardino, act as
landmarks, and help the traveler navigate through the community.
Goal 5.1
Create conspicuous gateways at key points in the
community to identify and distinguish San Bernardino.
Policies:
5.1.1
Provide improvements along principal streets at the City
boundary that clearly identify major entries to the City.
Such improvements may include sign age, landscaping,
vertical pylons, and/or other distinctive treatments. (LU-3
and CD-I)
City of San Bernardino
5 Community Design
I
An example of one of tile City
gateway features.
5-7
Examples of entry monnments and
gateways features that can be used
to enhance key points in the City.
5-8
o
5.1.2 Designate and provide monumentation for important
primary and secondary entry points into the City, especially
at the following locations:
a. Primary Entryways:
. Waterman at Hospitality Lane
. State Route 18 at National Forest boundary
· State Route 330 (City Creek Road) at Highland A venue
. 1-215 Freeway at Shandin Hills
. 1-215 Freeway at Cable Wash
. 1-215 Freeway at Inland Center Drive off-ramps
b. Secondary Entryways:
. 2nd Street at 1-215 Freeway
. Highland at Lytle Creek Wash (east side)
. Baseline At Lytle Creek Wash (east side)
. Santa Fe Railroad Passenger Terminal
. 5th Street at Nunez Park
. 5th Street at Waterman
. Freeway off-ramps (CD-l and CD-3) 0
5.1.3 Prepare an entry signage program that will denote Primary
and Secondary entries to the City through informational
lettering, the City logo, photo-silkscreens, banners, and/or
graphics.
5.1.4
Locate major accent trees at entry locations and
intersections. Species should be ofa "grand" scale to
differentiate these key locations (such as palms, canary
island pines, or poplars). (CD-I)
5.1.5 Develop a Citywide program of public art to provide
unifying themes for gateways. (CD-I)
Enhanced Arterial Corridors
Residents and visitors alike often experience the City by traveling along
its many arterial corridors. These corridors vary in character from
designated scenic highways to more regional-serving arterials.
From a community design perspective, arterial streetscape improvement
plans provide visual continuity and interest to the motorist and pedestrian. 0
Such plans can reinforce City design themes as well as soften views of
adjoining development.
City of San Bernardino
o
Goal 5.2
Attractively design, landscape, and maintain San
Bernardino's major corridors.
Policies:
5.2.1 Establish and implement a comprehensive citywide
streetscape and landscape program for those corridors
identified on Figure CD-l and includes the following right-
of-way improvements:
a. Street trees
b. Street lighting
c. Streetscape elements (sidewalk/crosswalk paving, street
furniture)
d. Public signage (CD-I)
5.2.2
Require that landscaping be adequately maintained and
replaced if removed due to damage or health. (LU-6 and
CD-l )
o 5.2.3
o
Require that all new street landscape incorporate an
irrigation system to provide proper watering. (CD-I)
5.2.4
Screen public facilities and above-ground infrastructure
support structures and equipment, such as electrical
substations and water wells, through sensitive site design,
appropriately scaled landscaping, undergrounding of
utilities, and other methods of screening (e.g., cell tower
stealthing). (LU-l and CD-I)
5.2.5 Use landscaping and facade articulation to break up long
stretches of walls associated with residential development
along major corridors. (LU-l)
5.2.6 Ensure implementation of sign regulations, which address
issues of scale, type, design, materials, placement,
compatibility, and maintenance. (LU-l)
5.2.7 Provide for the use of well-designed and placed banners for
City events, holidays, and other special occasions. (CD-I)
5.2.8
Provide for the use of kiosks or other street furniture along
the City's streets. (CD-I)
City of San Bernardino
--
5 Community Design
Examples of desired corridor
treatments that could identify
significant arterial corridors in the
City.
An example offestive,
community promotional
banners that could be used
to identify areas and
enhance the City's image.
5-9
An example of a distinctive feature
that helps to identify unique
neighborhoods.
5-10
o
5.2.9 Along major corridors, continue to pay special attention to
design features that include screening, berms, fencing, and
landscaping for outdoor storage and handling areas. (LU-l
and CD-I)
rDlsffi~t/~~ighborhQQtr L~yeljDesig,d 'c~atuj~~''f'"jf "~,~~'€jj ,;::rl
District/Neighborhood Design Features
The look and feel of individual neighborhoods and community gathering
places form the greatest impression and sense of pride in a community. In
as diverse a community as San Bernardino, each neighborhood is different
and unique. Reinforcing and enhancing this distinction while relating
each neighborhood to the City as a whole is the goal of this Element.
Goal 5.3
Recognize unique features in individual districts and
neighborhoods and develop a program to create
unifying design themes to identify areas throughout
the City.
Policies:
o
5.3.1
Utilizing the Neighborhood Associations to develop a
program to identify unique design features and create
design themes for distinct areas of the City. (CD-3)
5.3.2
Distinct neighborhood identities should be achieved by
applying streetscape and landscape design, entry
treatments, and architectural detailing standards, which are
tailored to each particular area and also incorporate
citywide design features. (CD-3)
5.3.3
A well-integrated network of bike and pedestrian paths
should connect residential areas to schools, parks, and
shopping centers. (LU-I and CD-3)
5.3.4
Enhance and encourage neighborhood or street identity
with theme landscaping or trees, entry statements,
enhanced school or community facility identification, and a
unified range of architectural detailing. (CD-3)
5.3.5 Create entry improvements to help identify distinct
districts; these elements could consist of monument pylons, 0
freestanding banners on poles, banners hung from existing
City of San Bernardino
o
o
o
light or marbelite standards (subject to agreement with the
utility company) or graphic elements hung from or attached
to private buildings. (CD-3)
5.3.6 Provide for streetscape improvements, landscape and/or
signage that uniquely identify architecturally or historically
significant residential neighborhoods. (CD-3)
5.3.7 Establish a program to select and install streetlights that
reinforce the character of the particular district. (CD-3)
Specific Areas
As described in the Introduction and Land Use Element, San Bernardino is
comprised of numerous districts, such as Downtown, the University
District, or the Sante Fe Depot area. Many of these districts are
recognized in the Land Use Element and contain tailored policy direction.
Unique design and aesthetic design policies can be found in the Strategic
Areas section of the Land Use Element.
There are many areas of the City that have not been specifically called out
in the General Plan, but that does not mean these areas are ignored. As
described above, it is a policy of the City to create a program to identify
districts and prepare design guidelines for them.
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As the saying goes, the whole is equal to the sum of its parts, This is
clearly evidenced in community design and aesthetics: well-designed and
maintained structures enhance the surrounding neighborhood, while
conversely, poorly designed and maintained properties damage the value
of the entire community. Accordingly, the City should pay special
attention to the design details of individual projects to ensure that they
improve and do not detract from the community. Code enforcement
efforts should be diligent when it comes to enforcing property
maintenance, sign, and outdoor storage regulations. Examples ofthe types
of aesthetic enhancements we desire can be seen on Figure CD-2,
Illustrative Examples.
City of San Bernardino
5 Community Design
5-11
Examples of anractive residential
features and the close anentioll to
design detail we desire in San
Bernardino.
5-12
o
Goal 5.4
Ensure individual projects are well designed and
maintained.
Policies:
5.4.1
Aggressively apply and enforce citywide landscape and
development standards in new and revitalized development
throughout the City. (LU-l and LU-6)
5.4.2
Ensure that the design of all public facilities fits well into
their surroundings and incorporates symbolic references to
the City, including its past and/or present, as appropriate.
(LU-l)
Goal 5.5
Develop attractive, safe, and comfortable single-
family neighborhoods.
Policies:
5.5.1
Require new and in-fill development to be of compatible
scale and massing as existing development yet allow the
flexibility to accommodate unique architecture, colors, and
materials in individual projects. (LU-l)
o
5.5.2 Improve the pedestrian atmosphere ofthe street by
orienting new homes to the street with attractive front
porches, highly visible street facades, and garages located
in the rear of the property. (LU-l)
5.5.3 Maintain, improve and/or develop parkways with canopy
street trees, providing shade, beauty and a unifying identity
to residential streets. (CD-3)
5.5.4 Setback garages from the street and minimize street
frontage devoted to driveways and vehicular access.
5.5.5 Provide continuous sidewalks and links to nearby
community facilities and retail centers. (LU-l)
5.5.6
Ensure a variety of architectural styles, massing, floor
plans, fayade treatment, and elevations to create visual
interest. (LU-l and CD-3)
5.5.7
In residential tract developments, a diversity of floor plans,
garage orientation, setbacks, styles, building materials,
o
City of San Bernardino
o
color and rooflines shall be preferred over more uniform
design patterns. (LU- I)
Goal 5.6
Ensure that multi-family housing is attractively
designed and scaled to contribute to the
neighborhood and provide visual interest through
varied architectural detailing.
5.6.1
5.6.2
o 5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
Reduce the visual impact oflarge-scale, multi-family
buildings by requiring articulated entry features, such as
attractive porches and detailed facade treatments, which
create visual interest and give each unit more personalized
design. (LU- I)
Discourage visually monotonous, multi-family residences
by incorporating different architectural styles, a variety of
rooflines, wall articulation, balconies, window treatments,
and varied colors and building materials on all elevations.
(LU- I)
Reduce the visual impact of parking areas by utilizing
interior courtyard garages, parking structures, subterranean
lots, or tuck-under, alley-loaded designs. (LU-l)
Provide usable common open space amenities. Common
open space should be centrally located and contain
amenities such as seating, shade and play equipment.
Private open space may include courtyards, balconies,
patios, terraces and enclosed play areas. (LU-I)
Provide convenient pedestrian access from multi-family
development to nearby commercial centers, schools, and
transit stops. (LU- I)
Goal 5.7
Develop attractive and safe commercial, office, and
industrial projects that are creatively designed and
intelligently sited.
o
5.7.1
Ensure the provision of people-gathering places and street-
level amenities, such as mini-plazas, courtyards, benches,
movable seating, shade, trash receptacles, water fountains
awnings large storefront windows, arcades, small sitting
areas, and accent landscaping. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
,.,,=,
5 Community Design
An example of desirable multi-
family"ousing. Notice t"e varied
use of materials, in-set windows,
molding, varied rooflines, and Ius"
landscaping.
5-13
Examples of attractive non-
residential buildings and street
scenes desired in San Bemardino.
Notice tire attractive signage, use
of colors, variation in materials,
and c1rallges in rooflines.
An example of a desirable public
space in a commercial
development. Notice tire clranges
in roadway surface, huilding
materials, and rooflille.
All example of attractive and
appropriate pedestriallliglrting
alld sidewalk treatment.
5-14
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
5.7.9
5.7.10
o
Orient buildings toward major thoroughfares, sidewalks,
and public spaces so that parking is convenient but not
visually dominating. (LU-l)
Maintain architectural interest and variety through varied
rooflines, building setbacks, and detailed fayade treatments
and maintain a strong sense of project identity through
similarities in fayade organization, signage, landscaping,
material use, colors, and roof shapes. (LU-I)
The size, colors, type, materials, and design of signs shall
be related to the scale of the building or development and
its relation to the street. (LU-I)
Parking areas shall provide, where practical, pedestrian
pathways for safe access to shopping and activity areas that
are defined by landscaped planters and incorporated into
the parking lot design. (LU-l)
Encourage architectural detailing, which includes richly
articulated surfaces and varied facade treatment, rather than 0
plain or blank walls. (LU-l)
Minimize the visual impact of surface parking lots by
locating them behind buildings, away from the street or
through perimeter and interior landscaping, berming, and
small-scale fencing. (LU-I)
Design public plazas and spaces that are both comfortable
and convenient. They should be well defined by
surrounding buildings, located near the street for visual
contact and convenience, contain abundant seating
opportunities, and incorporate amenities such as distinctive
focal points, public art, ample shade, and eating and
entertainment possibilities. (LU-l)
Ensure that the scale and massing of office, commercial,
and industrial uses are sensitive to the context of
surrounding residential development. (LU-I)
Lighting should provide for safety and to highlight features
of center but not shine directly onto neighboring properties
or into the eyes of motorists. (LU-I)
o
City of San Bernardino
o
o
o
5 Community Design
5.7.11
Loading bays should be screened by walls and landscaping
and oriented away from major streets and entries. (LU-I)
5.7.12
Install new streetlights in commercial districts that are
pedestrian-oriented, attractively designed, compatible in
design with other street furniture, and provide adequate
visibility and security. (LU-l)
City of San Bernardino
5-15
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5-16
City of San Bernardino
o
o
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c
Figure CD-2 Illustrative Examples
~
5 Community Design
The following are examples of the qualities that San Bernardino desires in
the design of its public rights-of-way, signs, and buildings.
Corridors
o
Not this ...
Intersections
Not this ...
o
City of San Bernardino
...This
...This
TPC - SBC-15 Ch 05 Community Design.doc
5-17
Parkin!!
Not this...
Si!!ns
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...This
Not these...
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...These
5-18
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City of San Bernardino
chapter 6. CIRCULATION
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Chapter 6. Circulation
INTRODUCTION
An efficient and safe circulation system is a critical concern for our
residents and visitors. Our ability to maneuver affects our quality of life in
a myriad of ways: from driving on the freeway, to parking, to shipping
goods, to emergency access, to riding a bike and walking across a street.
We are blessed with an amazing array of mobility options upon which we
can capitalize and enhance our community.
As the County's largest city and given its location, San Bernardino's
transportation system has a broad and significant impact. Not only does it
serve the mobility of over 186,000 residents, San Bernardino's roadways
affect and are affected by regional influences. Weare positioned as a
gateway into the Southern California from the Cajon Pass and Interstate
215, to the Inland Empire via Interstate 10, and to the San Bernardino
Mountains from State Routes 18, 30, and 330. A grid system of streets,
developed early in the City's history, directly connects to a valley-wide
street system linking a string of foothill and valley communities as far
west as Pomona (approximately 30 miles). Some ofthese east-to-west
arterials retain the same name through much ofthe valley (e.g., Baseline
Street, Foothill Boulevard, and Highland Avenue).
But we have so much more than streets that we can rely upon to enrich our
mobility options. Weare the location of major freight and passenger rail
operations and are blessed with one-of-a-kind resources in the San
Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center and the Santa Ana
River Trail, which passes through a portion of our community.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - saC-15 Ch 06 Circulation.doc
6 Circulation
6-1
Purpose
Our transportation system affects almost every aspect of the City's quality
of life: land use patterns, air quality, open-space, habitat planning, noise,
energy use, and community appearance.
The major purpose of this Element is to design and improve a circulation
system to meet the current and future needs of all its residents. Such a
system should have the following three components: equity, efficiency and
foresight. It should be accessible to all economic segments of the City to
make their lives more convenient and practical. It should make use of
existing infrastructure wherever practical. Finally, it should preserve
important transportation routes for future planning needs.
Relationship to Other Elements
State planning law not only requires a Circulation Element, it mandates
that it be directly correlated to the Land Use Element. This means that it
must assess the adequacy of the circulation system to handle traffic
generated by planned land use changes. But circulation directly or
indirectly affects almost all elements ofthe General Plan, including the
required Housing, Natural Resources and Conservation, Noise, and Safety
Elements. In addition, it is directly related to the Economic Development
Element due to the movement of employees, products, materials and ideas
throughout the City, and to the Community Design Element for a
roadway's direct effect on the City's image and character.
The Parks, Recreation, and Trails Element contains the discussion and
policies related to our bicycle facilities and trails.
6-2
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
ACHIEVING THE VISION
The Land Use Element is responsive to our Vision because it represents
our desires to:
. Improve our community's appearance and identity by revitalizing
our corridors and roadways;
. Reinforce our strategic location within Southern California's
transportation system by providing a system of streets that
accommodate projected traffic levels and allow the convenient
movement of people and goods;
. Capitalize upon our freight and passenger rail operations to
stimulate economic growth;
. Minimize the impacts of truck traffic, particularly in residential
areas;
. Fulfill the potential of the San Bernardino International Airport
and Trade Center to become a vibrant center for commerce and
travel and stimulate surrounding businesses;
. Realize the improvement of our historic Santa Fe Depot so that it
will be an example of our community and a destination in itself;
. Improve our entire system of mobility by providing a range of
transportation alternatives including light rail, bus, bicycle, and
pedestrian paths and trails; and
. Expand the safety of our streets and neighborhoods.
City of San Bernardino
6-3
Measure I
Adopted by San Bernardino
County voters in 1989,
Measure I is a major source of
revenue for transportation
improvements in the City of
San Bernardino. Importantly,
local officials make decisions
about the allocation of these
funds.
This 20-year half-cent sales
tax has provided $17 million
for our streets during the first
ten years. Additional Measure
I funds, about $406 million,
have been pooled by all the
cities and the unincorporated
areas of the valley region.
These pooled funds support
freeway improvements,
Metrolink trains, Omnitrans
subsidies for elderly and
disabled riders, major streets
that serve as transportation
arteries, ridesharing programs,
landscaping, and traffic
management.
6-4
ABOUT OUR CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Our circulation system is composed of a wide range of transportation
facilities and options that serve our mobility needs. It consists of
roadways, railways, public transit, bikeways, trails, and pedestrian
facilities, and aviation.
We want to ensure that the buildout of our City does not overload our
street system. Accordingly, an in-depth analysis of future vehicular traffic
conditions has been prepared to ensure our planned roadway system and
land use plan are in-synch.
Roadways
Our vehicular circulation network consists of a hierarchy of roadways that
have primarily developed as a grid system. Due to barriers, such as rivers,
mountains, canyons, freeways, railroads, and San Bernardino International
Airport and Trade Center, many of the streets do not extend across the
City and the grid becomes discontinuous.
1. Classification of Streets
For the purposes of analysis and evaluation of roadway needs, a roadway
functional classification system has been established for the City of San
Bernardino. The roadway classifications are briefly described in the
following paragraphs and the typical cross-sections associated with each
classification are shown later in this Section (Item f.).
a. Freeways/Highway
Freeways/Highways are controlled-access, separated roadways that
provide for high volumes of vehicular traffic at high speeds. There are
four freeways within the City of San Bernardino and one highway:
.
The San Bernardino Freeway (1-10) is the major east-west freeway
providing access west to Los Angeles and east to the desert
communities and beyond.
.
Interstate 215 provides north-south freeway access to Riverside
and San Diego counties to the south and the high desert
communities to the north.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
. Interstate 210 provides local east-west service between 1-215 and
State Route 330. As of2005, this freeway was under construction
and was also known as State Route 30 and will become the future
1-210 when completed.
. State Route 18 provides a connection from 1-21 0 to the mountain
resorts/communities of Lake Gregory.
b. Major Arterials
These roadways can accommodate six or eight travel lanes and may have
raised medians. These facilities carry high traffic volumes and are the
primary thoroughfares linking San Bernardino with adjacent cities and the
regional highway system. Driveway access to these roadways is typically
limited to provide efficient high volume traffic flow. Examples of Major
Arterials include:
. Waterman Avenue
. Mount Vernon Avenue
. Highland Avenue
. Baseline Street
c. Secondary Arterials
These roadways are typically four-lane streets, providing two lanes in each
direction. These highways carry traffic along the perimeters of major
developments, provide support to the major arterials, and are also through
streets enabling traffic to travel uninterrupted for longer distances through
the City. Examples of Secondary Arterials Include:
. Little Mountain Drive
. 9th Street
. Arrowhead Avenue (North of 5th Street)
. Sierra Way
d. Collector Streets
These roadways are typically two-lane streets that connect the local streets
with the secondary arterials allowing local traffic to access the regional
transportation facilities. Examples of Collector Streets include:
City of San Bernardino
6-5
. California Street
. 6th Street
. Meridian Avenue
e. Local Streets
These roadways are typically two-lane streets that are designed to serve
neighborhoods within residential areas. There are several variations on
local streets depending on location, length of the street, and type ofland
use.
f. Standard Roadway Cross Sections
The following are the typical cross sections for each roadway
classification. In order to maintain acceptable levels of service, additional
right-of-way dedication beyond the typical cross section may be required
in order to accommodate additional turn lanes or other design features.
Unique street cross-sections, median designs, and street widths may be
considered for each development in order to create distinction and identity
as long as function, capacity, and safety are maintained to the City's
satisfaction.
CL
100'
82'
I: 9' -I:
34'
~~~
34'
=j- 9' :1
MAJOR DIVIDED HIGHWAYS
72'-80'
10'-14' 36'-40' 36' -40' 10'-14'
I
CL
100'
MAJOR HIGHWAY
6-6
City of San Bernardino
u
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88'
64'-66'
32'-33' 32'-33'
I
11'-12'1--
SECONDARY HIGHWAY
10'
CL
60'
40'
10'
5'
20'
20'
COLLECTOR STREET
FOR USE IN QUARTER MILE STREETS,
SCHOOL AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS.
2. Scenic Highways and Routes
Scenic highways and routes are a unique component of the circulation
system as they traverse areas of unusual scenic or aesthetic value. As
shown on Figure C-l, Scenic Highways/Routes, two roadways within the
City have been nominated for official Scenic Highway status. The portions
of State Route 30, south of the 330, and State Route 330 that pass through
the City are designated as Eligible Scenic Highways.
Due to the designation as Eligible Scenic Highways, the provisions of the
California Scenic Highways program apply to these sections of the
roadways in the City. The purpose of the California Scenic Highways
program, which was established in 1963, is to "Preserve and protect scenic
highway corridors from change which would diminish the aesthetic value
oflands adjacent to highways." This program provides guidance for
signage, aesthetics, grading, and screening to help maintain the scenic
value ofthe roadway.
We support the designation of these roadways and further desire that they
be officially designated in the future. Accordingly, we support the
provisions of the Scenic Highways program and will enhance these two
corridors so that the scenic designation is earned.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
6-7
6-8
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City of San Bernardino
o
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Scenic Highways/Routes
--
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Not to Scale
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure C-l
6 Circulation
Railways
San Bernardino includes both major (main line) and minor (spurs)
railroads that accommodate both freight and passenger rail services. This
is both a blessing and a curse: a blessing because we are home to extensive
rail freight facilities, which help strengthen our economy, attract business,
and provide mobility options; and a curse because of impacts associated
with railroads, such as noise and temporary restriction of emergency
access.
1. Freight Rail
Extensive freight rail service is provided within the City by Burlington
Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and Union Pacific (UP) railroads; in fact,
freight operators are the largest users of San Bernardino's rail facilities.
Rail service provided by UP on its main line through San Bernardino is
expected to grow significantly in the future due to the increased
international trade at the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles, the San
Bernardino International Airport, as well as population growth in southern
California. Currently there are 24 trains per day on a peak day passing
through San Bernardino on the UP main line. By 2025, this is forecast to
increase to 132 trains per day.
BNSF operates intermodal, carload freight, and bulk unit trains through
the City. The BNSF main line runs through Riverside County and crosses
the UP line in Colton. It will carry the major growth in rail traffic
associated with the Ports.
Growth in train traffic on the other rail lines and spurs in San Bernardino
will be limited to the needs of the local industrial users which need rail
service. The land use plan concentrates industrial use in locations already
served by rail spur lines.
2. Passenger Rail Service
Both Amtrak and Metrolink provide long-distance passenger train service
from the Historic Depot in San Bernardino.
Amtrak has provided local, interstate, and transcontinental service at San
Bernardino since Amtrak's inception in 1971. At the present time, Amtrak
trains operate west to Los Angeles; southeast to Palm Springs and on to
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida;
and northeast to Needles, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas,
City of San Bernardino
6-11
Metrolink
In June 1990, the California
Legislature enacted Senate
Bill 1402, Chapter four of
Division 12 of the Public
Utilities Code. The bill
required the transportation
commissions of the counties
of Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, and San Bernardino
to develop jointly a plan for
regional transit services within
the multi-county region. In
August 1991, the Southern
California Regional Rail
Authority (SCRRA), a Joint
Powers Agency (JP A), was
formed. The purpose of the
newly formed SCRRA was to
plan, design, construct, and
administer the operation of
regional passenger rail lines
serving the counties of Los
Angeles, Orange, Riverside,
San Bernardino and Ventura.
The SCRRA named the
regional commuter rail system
"Metrolink."
6-12
Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois. Amtrak motor coaches connect San
Bernardino to Amtrak trains in the Central Valley for places like Fresno,
Sacramento, and the Bay Area. From these trains it is possible to transfer
to other Amtrak trains, making the entire country accessible from San
Bernardino.
Commuter Rail service is provided by the Southern California Regional
Rail Authority (SCRRA), which operates the Metrolink train service.
Metrolink serves over 35,000 passengers daily. There are seven lines in
the Metrolink train network: the Ventura County Line, Antelope Valley
Line, San Bernardino Line, Riverside Line, Orange County Line, Inland
Empire-Orange County Line and 91 Line (Riverside-Fullerton-Downtown
LA). All but the Inland Empire-Orange County Line intersect at Union
Station in Downtown Los Angeles.
The City of San Bernardino is served by the San Bernardino Line, which
is Metrolink's busiest line, with a station located at the historic Santa Fe
Depot. The San Bernardino Line connects rapidly growing San
Bernardino County with the communities of the San Gabriel Valley and
downtown Los Angeles.
The San Bernardino Line is currently the only line with service seven days
a week. On weekdays, there are 15 round trips per day on the San
Bernardino Line with about half of them during commute hours, but with
close to hourly service in the mid-day. Travel time between San
Bernardino and LA Union Station is about one hour and 30 minutes. On
weekends, there are eight round trips on Saturday and four on Sunday.
The SCRRA has plans to nearly double the amount of service on it lines
over the next 20 years.
Public Transit
Complementing our passenger rail services, we enjoy a rich public
transportation system that provides our citizens with every opportunity to
use almost every form of transportation available.
1 . Bus Service
Public transportation in the San Bernardino area is provided by Omnitrans,
the regional Public Transit operator for San Bernardino County.
Omnitrans functions as a joint powers agency supported by the County of
San Bernardino and all the cities in the east and west San Bernardino
Valley. The City of San Bernardino is represented on the Omnitrans
Board. Omnitrans is financed through the State Transit Development Act
City of San Bernardino
and Urban Mass Transit Funds. Omnitrans operates 21 local-fixed routes,
14 of which serve the San Bernardino Planning Area. General service
hours are between 6:00 a.ill. and 8:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday.
The Southern California Rapid Transit District provides express bus
service between San Bernardino-Riverside and Los Angeles (Line 496)
under contract with Omnitrans and the Riverside Transit Agency. Service
is provided Sunday through Saturday.
Intercity bus service is provided to downtown San Bernardino by
Greyhound and Continental Trailways that recently merged. The
Greyhound bus depot is at 6th and G Streets.
a. Short Range Transit Plan
Omnitrans periodically updates its service plan through the preparation of
a Short Range Transit Plan (SRTP), which evaluates service for a five-
year period. A SRTP for the years 2004-2009 has recently been adopted
and includes some changes in routes within San Bernardino. A current
route, schedule, and rate map can be obtained from Omnitrans.
2. Demand/Response System
Omnitrans provides San Bernardino residents that qualify for service
under the Americans with Disabilities Act with a demand/response
transportation system known as "Access." A resident may call and request
a pick-up and delivery to a requested destination on a space-available
basis with a reservation made 24 hours in advance.
3. Taxi Services
Two companies provide taxi service in the San Bernardino Planning Area:
the Yellow Cab Co. and the Checker Cab Co. Both services are controlled
by the same owner, who estimates that over the last five years, ridership
has remained constant at approximately 400 fares per day.
Bikeways, Trails, and Pedestrian Facilities
An extensive, safe, and interconnected system of pedestrian and bicycle
facilities is critical for the success of our City and our transportation
systems. Bikeways, trails, and pedestrian facilities are addressed in the
Parks, Recreation, and Trails Element.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
E-Street Transit
Corridor
As of the writing of this
General Plan, Omnitrans
had initiated Phase I of
the E-Street Transit
Corridor project. Due to
its significance in
ridership and points of
interest served, E-Street
was chosen as the first
segment of a planned
system of high-quality
transit corridors in San
Bernardino. Phase I
consists of studying
alternatives for providing
enhanced state-of-the-art
transit service and corridor
improvements.
6-13
,$\
ts.
Airport Related Policies in
our General Plan
The San Bernardino
International Airport
(SBIA) influences many
aspects of our community:
from land use and
economics, to circulation,
noise, and safety.
Accordingly, see related
discussions/policies in the
Land Use (Chapter 2) and
Noise (Chapter 14)
Chapters.
6-14
Aviation
The San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA) is
located in the southeastern edge ofthe City and represents one of our
greatest opportunities. The SBIA includes two distinct components: 1) the
airport portions (and related facilities) of the former Norton Air Force
Base, and 2) the Trade Center, which encompasses the non-airport related
portions of the former base.
The SBIA has the capacity to provide regional air traffic for domestic and
international service, both commercial and cargo along with the necessary
support facilities for major and smaller airlines.
In addition, there are four airports in the general vicinity of San
Bernardino. Air carrier and air cargo operations are provided at Ontario
Airport which is located southwest of the City. There are two general
aviation airports in the area, one to the west in RiaIto, the second to the
southeast in Redlands, and Riverside Municipal Airport, 12 miles to the
south in Riverside. The RiaIto Airport is also used as the base for the
County Sheriff's helicopters, which are used on occasion by the City.
According to the California Division of Aeronautics, there are five
helipads in our planning area. The helipads are private-use facilities and
are situated at the National Orange Show, Red Dog Properties, San
Bernardino Community Hospital, SCE Eastern Division, and the Tri-City
area.
Existing Traffic Conditions
This section summarizes the existing circulation conditions in the City of
San Bernardino. The analysis is based on existing amount of traffic
volume on various street corridors and the capacity of the streets and
intersections to carry traffic. The capacity measures the ability ofthe
street system to meet and serve the demands from traffic. It is the most
practical measure of determining the City's capability to provide mobility
to its residents. The capacity of a roadway is affected by a number of
factors, e.g., the street width, the number of travel lanes, the number of
crossing streets, the type of traffic control devices, the presence of on-
street parking, the number of access driveways, and the streets horizontal
and vertical alignments to name a few.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
1. About Traffic Projections
a. Level of Service (LOS) and VIC Analysis
An important "standard" referred to throughout this Element relates to the
ability of a roadway and/or intersection to accommodate traffic. This level
of service standard may be used to describe both existing and future traffic
conditions. Level of service (LOS) is a qualitative ranking that
characterizes traffic congestion on a scale of A to F with LOS A being a
free-flow condition and LOS F representing extreme congestion.
In addition to the LOS definition, a volume to capacity ratio or V IC ratio
is used to provide a more quantified description of traffic conditions at
intersections. The V/C ratio is the ratio of existing or projected traffic
volumes to an intersection's design capacity. A V/C ratio of 0.90 for an
intersection means that the traffic volumes at the intersection represent 90
percent of its design capacity. The V IC ratio can also be related to the
LOS definitions. For example, an intersection with a V/C ratio exceeding
0.95 is handling traffic volumes that approach design capacity. The V IC
ratio of 0.95 corresponds to LOS E, which indicates unacceptable level of
service. The following six levels of service definitions relate traffic
conditions to traffic volumes and the design capacity of roadways andlor
intersections.
. LOS A (V/C ratio 0.0 - 0.60). There are no cycles that are fully
loaded, and few are even close to loaded. No approach phase is
fully utilized by traffic and no vehicle waits longer than one red
indication. Typically, the approach appears quite open, turning
movements are easily made, and nearly all drivers find freedom of
operation.
. LOS B (VIC ratio 0.61 - 0.70). Represents stable operation. An
occasional approach phase is fully utilized and a substantial
number are approaching full use. Many drivers begin to feel
somewhat restricted within platoons of vehicles.
. LOS C (V/C ratio 0.71 - 0.80). Stable operation continues. Full
signal cycle loading is still intermittent, but more frequent.
Occasionally drivers may have to wait through more than one red
signal indication, and backups may develop behind turning
vehicles.
. LOS D (V/C ratio 0.81 - 0.90). Encompasses a zone of increasing
restriction approaching instability. Delays to approaching vehicles
may be substantial during short peaks with the peak period, but
City of San Bernardino
6-15
6-16
enough cycles with lower demand occur to permit periodic
clearance of developing queues, thus preventing excessive
backups.
. LOS E (V/C ratio 0.91 - 1.00). Represents the most vehicles that
any particular intersection approach can accommodate. At
capacity (V/C = 1.00), there may be long queues of vehicles
waiting upstream of the intersection and delays may be great (up to
several signal cycles).
. LOS F (V IC ratio> 1.00). Represents jammed conditions.
Backups from locations downstream or on the cross street may
restrict or prevent movement of vehicles out of the approach under
consideration; hence, volumes carried are not predictable. V/C
values are highly variable, because full utilization ofthe approach
may be prevented by outside conditions.
b. Existing LOS and vIe Ratios
Existing traffic counts were conducted at various roadway segments and
major intersections in 2003 to determine existing V/C and LOS at these
facilities. The LOS of roadway segments is based on average daily traffic
(ADT) volumes and their traffic handling capacities on a daily basis. The
LOS of intersections is based on traffic volumes at the intersections during
the AM and PM peak hours and the traffic handling capacity of the
intersection's critical lane. The results are shown in Appendix 14, Traffic
Analysis Summary (Table 1 for intersections, and Table 2 for roadway
segments).
In the City of San Bernardino, the minimum acceptable level of service is
established as LOS C for roadways and LOS D for intersections.
Mitigation measures are required for roadway corridorsllocations where
traffic conditions show an LOS worse than the minimum acceptable LOS.
As shown in Table 1 of Appendix 14, the following intersections are
currently operating at an unacceptable LOS (the LOS at these intersections
is worse than LOS D):
.
Hunts Lane @ E Street
.
Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
.
Mountain View Avenue @ San Bernardino Street
.
Rancho Avenue @ 5th St/FoothilI Boulevard
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
. SR-30 WB Off Ramp @ 30th Street
. Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
. W aterman Avenue @ 36th Street
. W aterman Avenue @ Fifth Street
. Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramp
Table 2 of Appendix 14 shows that the following roadway segments are
operating an unacceptable LOS (i.e., LOS is worse than LOS C) based on
capacity analysis of 24-hour volumes:
. Tippecanoe Avenue South of Hospitality Lane
Mitigation measures are required to improve the conditions at the above
locations to an acceptable LOS.
Future Traffic Conditions
This section analyzes potential traffic conditions in the City of San
Bernardino at a theoretical build-out of the plan. The LOS definitions,
calculation procedures, mitigation requirements, etc. used in the existing
conditions analysis also applies to this section.
1. Background Model Input
a. Recommended Roadway Improvements
The City has identified a number of roadway improvements,
reclassification and addition/deletion of cert(lin roadway segments in order
to improve its circulation conditions to handle existing as well as future
traffic volumes (See Appendix 9, Circulation Plan Changes). For the
future traffic conditions analysis ofthe General Plan at buildout, these
improvements were assumed to be in place.
b. Focused Travel Demand Model
As part ofthe analysis ofthe capabilities ofthe circulation system at the
theoretical buildout of the land use plan, a focused travel demand model
was developed. The model and the methodology used to create the model
are described in Appendix 14, Traffic Analysis Summary.
City of San Bernardino
6-17
6-18
2. Build-out Traffic Forecasts and Operating Conditions
Based on the traffic volume data obtained from future conditions model,
the future traffic conditions at buildout of the General Plan were analyzed.
The results of this analysis are contained in Appendix 14, Traffic Analysis
Summary (Table 4 for intersections and Table 5 for roadway segments).
The following illustrate the key observations from the analysis of
projected traffic conditions for the build-out of the General Plan:
. Table 4 of Appendix 14 shows that the following intersections are
expected to perform at an unacceptable level of service and require
mitigation:
· Northpark Boulevard @ University Parkway
. Hunts Lane @ E Street
· Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street
· Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps
· SR-30 WB Off-ramp @ 30th Street
· Harrison Street @ 40th Street
· Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street
· W aterman Avenue @ 34th Street
· Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street
· Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue
· Rancho Avenue @ 5th Street/Foothill Boulevard
· Mountain View Avenue @ San Bernardino Road
. Table 5 of Appendix 14 shows that the following roadway
segments are projected to show unacceptable LOS:
· Base Line Street between Palm Avenue and V alencia Avenue
· E Street between 9th Street and Kendall Drive
· Sierra Way between I -10 Freeway and Foothill Boulevard
· Sierra Way between Waterman Avenue and 40th Street
Mitigation and improvement measures are required for the intersections
and roadway segments that show unacceptable LOS. Typically,
improvements at intersections result in improvement in traffic conditions
on its approaches and thereby mitigate impacts on roadway segments.
City of San Bernardino
Therefore, a number of mitigation measures have been identified for a
total of 13 intersections where traffic analysis indicated circulation
deficiencies. These mitigation/improvement measures would improve
intersection performance to an acceptable LOS during peak hours.
Appendix 9, Circulation Plan Changes, contains a list ofthese
improvements.
Future Circulation System
Based on the analysis at the theoretical buildout of the General Plan and
the deficiencies and mitigation identified, our Future Circulation System
has been developed to meet our future needs. The proposed Circulation
Plan is shown on Figure C-2, Circulation Plan.
Our objective is to achieve this circulation system if merited by the
conditions on the ground. It is important to remember, the traffic analysis
performed for this General Plan was a projection of future conditions and,
as we all know, actual conditions may vary in the future. For instance,
some streets may experience less traffic than were projected at this time
and future roadway reconfigurations may not actually be necessary. We
will use this plan as our guide and make sure changes are actually required
before making them.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
6-19
6-20
This page intentionally left blank
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GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for mobility and circulation
in the City of San Bernardino.
We expect a lot from our street system. We want a street system that
provides convenient access, is safe, is not too congested, looks good, is
multi-functional, and is not designed only for cars.
The City's street system should provide access to our homes and
businesses and allow convenient intra-city travel and access to regional
transportation facilities. In addition, the street system should be designed
to provide the necessary capacity to accommodate the traffic generated
from the future buildout of the General Plan as well as regional traffic, not
a potential maximum level but within acceptable levels of service. Our
street system needs to be safe, not only for vehicular travel, but for
pedestrians and bicyclists too.
Our street system needs to accommodate more than cars. Pedestrians,
bicyclists, as well as landscaping, signs, gateways, and infrastructure all
need to coexist within our street right-of-ways in a manner that is safe and
aesthetically pleasing. Advanced technologies in traffic control and
operations should be employed to maximize the capacity and efficiency of
the arterial system.
Our circulation plan is designed to accomplish these vary goals. The
ultimate goal for our circulation system is shown on Figure C-2,
Circulation Plan. Taken with the typical cross sections (Shown in the
Roadway Section of this Chapter) and the policies in the Community
Design Element, a clear picture of the roadway system is provided.
Goal 6.1
.P!~'Iide:<:I.~e:II=!"J"l<:l.i.Jlt?iJle:~.~!~.El.El.t..~~~!El!"J"l:.____._......__..._
Policies:
6.1.1 Maintain and rehabilitate all components of the circulation
system, including roadways, sidewalks, bicycle facilities
and pedestrian facilities. (A-2)
6.1.2 Develop list of priorities for maintenance and
reconstruction projects. (A-2)
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
6-23
6-24
6.1.3 Coordinate maintenance or enhancement of transportation
facilities with related infrastructure improvements. (A-2)
Q?al_~1________~9J!:I~Cl~~___~!fJ.~~nt..!raf!i~_?F~~~!~_~':l~__?~~i!)'~t~~_~_t:;;.
Policies:
6.2.1
Maintain a peak hour level of service D or better at street
intersections.
6.2.2
Design each roadway with sufficient capacity to
accommodate anticipated traffic based on intensity of
projected and planned land use in the City and the region
while maintaining a peak hour level of service (LOS) "C"
or better.
6.2.3
Keep traffic in balance with roadway capacity by requiring
traffic studies to identify local roadway and intersection
improvements necessary to mitigate the traffic impacts of
new developments and land use changes. (LU-I)
6.2.4
Review the functioning ofthe street system as part of the
Capital Improvement Program to identify problems and
address them in a timely manner. (A-2)
6.2.5
Design roadways, monitor traffic flow, and employ traffic
control measures (e.g. signalization, access control,
exclusive right and left turn-turn lanes, lane striping, and
signage) to ensure City streets and roads continue to
function safely within our Level of Service standards.
6.2.6
Improve intersection operations by modifying signal timing
at intersections and coordinating with other signals, as
appropriate.
6.2.7
Install new signals as warranted.
_.._.._.__._.....__._~-_._._-_....._---_._--_.._......_._._....--'--"--'-'--~""'-'-'-"'----'---''''-''''''-'__''_'''___'__..__.._..............__n..n
_Q_~~~_~:..~________f>.!<:>_"'i~_~__~~_C1!~_~.~~':lI~ti()':l_~_)'~te~_:___________________.._...
Policies:
6.3.1
Promote the principle that streets have multiple uses and
users, and protect the safety of all users.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
6.3.2 Discourage high speeds and through traffic on local streets
through traffic control devise such as signage, speed
bumps, etc.. as acceptable by the local neighborhood. (C-2
and C-3)
6.3.3 Require that all City streets be constructed in accordance
with the Circulation Plan (Figure C-2) and the standards
established by the Development Services Director.
6.3.4 Require appropriate right-of-way dedications of all new
developments to facilitate construction of roadways shown
on the Circulation Plan. (LU-l)
6.3.5 Limit direct access from adjacent private properties to
arterials to maintain an efficient and desirable quality of
traffic flow. (LU-l)
6.3.6 Locate new development and their access points in such a
way that traffic is not encouraged to utilize local residential
streets and alleys. (LU-l)
6.3.7 Require that adequate access be provided to all
developments in the City including secondary access to
facilitate emergency access and egress (LU-I).
Goal 6.4
Minimize the impact of roadways on adjacent land
uses and ensure compatibility between land uses and
~i.~~_,,^,,~Yf~.~ilitiE:l~_!<?!~E:lE:l)(!E:l~t_e<?~.~i~)E:l'
Policies:
6.4.1 Work with Caltrans to ensure that construction of new
facilities includes appropriate sound walls or other
mitigating noise barriers to reduce noise impacts on
adjacent land uses. (C-l)
6.4.2 Require, wherever possible, a buffer zone between
residential land uses and highway facilities. (LU-l)
6.4.3 Continue to participate in forums involving the various
governmental agencies such as Caltrans, SANBAG, SCAG,
and the County that are intended to evaluate and propose
solutions to regional transportation problems.
City of San Bernardino
6-25
6-26
6.4.4 Design developments within designated and eligible scenic
highway corridors to balance the objectives of maintaining
scenic resources with accommodating compatible land
uses. (LU-I)
6.4.5 Encourage joint efforts among federal, state, county, and
City agencies and citizen groups to ensure compatible
development within scenic corridors.
6.4.6 Impose conditions on development within scenic highway
corridors requiring dedication of scenic easements
consistent with the Scenic Highways Plan, when it is
necessary to preserve unique or special visual features.
(LU-I)
6.4.7 Utilize contour grading and slope rounding to gradually
transition graded road slopes into a natural configuration
consistent with the topography of the areas within scenic
highway corridors. (LU- I)
6.4.8 Develop appropriate protection measures along routes
frequently used by trucks to minimize noise impacts to
sensitive land uses including but not limited to residences,
hospitals, schools, parks, daycare facilities, libraries, and
similar uses. (LU- I)
Truck traffic is a significant component of our overall transportation
system. Many of the City's vital industries rely heavily on regional and
local truck transportation. Large volumes of heavy-duty trucks on the
City's transportation system and regional access facilities result in
additional congestion and accelerated deterioration of the infrastructure.
Many residential neighborhoods are impacted by the parking of trucks,
especially in those areas near the foothills of the San Bernardino
Mountains. The City prohibits the parking of trucks over 10,000 pounds
from parking in residentially designated areas. Truck parking issues are
addressed on a case-by-case basis in concert with impacted residents and
businesses. In this manner, the most appropriate method of control, such
as an outright ban, restricted hours, parking permits, or signage, can be
employed.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
Goal 6.5
Develop a transportation system that reduces
conflicts between commercial trucking, private/public
tra~~por:t~t~~~'_':I_~<!_~':I_~9__l!~~s. __________________._________
Policies:
6.5.1 Provide designated truck routes for use by
commercial/industrial trucking that minimize impacts on
local traffic and neighborhoods.
6.5.2 Continue to regulate on-street parking of trucks to prevent
truck parking on residential streets or in other locations
where they are incompatible with adjacent land uses. The
use of signs, restricted parking, limited parking times, and
the posting of "no overnight" parking signs are mechanisms
that can be employed depending upon the specific needs of
the affected area.
6.5.3 Prepare neighborhood protection plans for areas ofthe City
where heavy vehicle traffic or parking becomes a
significant enforcement problem. (C-2)
6.5.4 Require that on-site loading areas minimize interference of
truck loading activities with efficient traffic circulation on
adjacent roadways. (LU-l)
As the population grows, the level of congestion on streets will also rise.
As a result, it will become increasingly important to provide alternate
means of transportation.
Public transportation plays an important role in providing a well-balanced
transportation system for the City. A well planned and efficient public
transportation system provides an essential primary mode of transportation
to those without access to automobiles and an alternative mode of travel to
the motorists to help reduce the demand and congestion on the City's
street network. The various modes of public transportation including bus,
commuter rail, demand responsive transportation, etc. should provide
efficient connectivity and integration via coordinated park-and-ride
facilities and multi-modal terminals.
City of San Bernardino
6-27
Intelligent Transportation
Systems
Or ITS, encompass a broad
range of wireless and
wire line communications-
based information, control
and electronics
technologies. When
integrated into the
transportation system
infrastructure, and in
vehicles themselves, these
technologies help monitor
and manage traffic flow,
reduce congestion, provide
alternate routes to travelers,
enhance productivity, and
save lives, time and money.
6-28
The City plays a vital role in the use of transit through sound land
planning efforts and ensuring that developments are designed in a manner
that facilitates the provision of transit services.
Goal 6.6
Policies:
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
Promote a network of multi-modal transportation
facilities that are safe, efficient, and connected to
various points of the City and the reg_~o~_:__________________
Support the efforts of regional, state, and federal agencies
to provide additional local and express bus service in the
City.
Create a partnership with Omnitrans to identify public
transportation infrastructure needs that improve mobility.
In cooperation with Ornnitrans, require new development to
provide transit facilities, such as bus shelters and turnouts,
as necessary and warranted by the scale of the
development. (LU-I)
Ensure accessibility to public transportation for seniors and
persons with disabilities.
In cooperation with Ornnitrans, explore methods to
improve the use, speed, and efficiency for transit services.
These methods might include dedicated or priority
lanes/signals, reduced parking standards for selected core
areas, and incorporating Intelligent Transportation System
architecture.
Support and encourage the provision of a range of
paratransit opportunities to complement bus and rail service
for specialized transit needs.
Encourage measures that will reduce the number of
vehicle-miles traveled during peak periods, including the
following examples of these types of measures:
· Incentives for car-pooling and vanpooling.
· Preferential parking for car-pools and vanpools.
· Conveniently located bus stops with shelters. (A-I)
Promote the use of car-pools and vanpools by providing
safe, convenient park-and-ride facilities.
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
Freight and passenger rail system have been an integral part of the City of
San Bernardino's transportation network for decades. We intended to
keep them here for our immediate future. However, we need to be vigilant
to help reduce impacts, especially as rail traffic increases in the future.
We also need to create ways to separate train traffic from our other modes
of travel to reduce conflicts and improve emergency access.
Goal 6.7 Work with the railroads and other public agencies to
develop and maintain railway facilities that minimize
____________!~~.!.~PCl~!~ on_~djac.~~_~~n~__~~e:>~______m_____________
Policies:
6.7.1 Accommodate railroad services that allow for the
movement of people and goods while minimizing their
impact on adjacent land uses.
6.7.2 Coordinate with SANBAG, SCAG, the County and other
regional, state or federal agencies and the railroads
regarding plans for the provision of passenger, commuter,
and high-speed rail service.
6.7.3 Encourage the provision of a buffer between residential
land uses and railway facilities and encourage the
construction of sound walls or other mitigating noise
barriers between railway facilities and adjacent land uses.
6.7.4 Identify existing and future high volume at-grade railroad
crossings and pursue available sources of funding (e.g.,
California Public Utilities Commission) to implement grade
separations where appropriate. (A-3)
City of San Bernardino
6-29
6-30
The San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA) is a
regional influence and a benefit to our City. There is an opportunity for
the properties surrounding the SBIA to develop with uses that are related
to or can benefit from the proximity of an airport. We must also be careful
to ensure that our quality of life is not degraded by the airport and airport
related traffic. We desire to see this airport and our heliports develop into
successful, safe, and considerate neighbors within out community.
_._.__._---_....__._...~.~--_._._----_._----_._--_.....-----------.---------..--..-..---.---.-.-.--------
Goal 6.8 Support the safe operation of aviation and heliport
...__.__._._..._....!~Ei~.ti~s wJ!bl.':l~~~ in .2!oximity to_ th~.9J!Y:._______...
Policies:
6.8.1 Work with the San Bernardino International Airport
Authority (SBIAA) in the preparation ofthe Airport Master
Plan and Comprehensive Land Use Plan to ensure the
City's interests are foremost in the improvement of the
airport.
6.8.2 Coordinate with surrounding cities, the IVDA, and regional
agencies to ensure that access to the San Bernardino
International Airport is provided and maintained in a
manner that minimizes traffic impacts to the City of San
Bernardino.
6.8.3 Work with the Federal Aviation Administration to ensure
that the existing or new Heliports within San Bernardino
operate in a safe manner and minimize impacts on adjacent
properties.
An adequate supply of parking is necessary to accommodate the demands
of developments in the City. Typically, on-street parking is permitted on
major, secondary, and collector roadways and off-street parking
requirements for designated zones are addressed in the Development
Code.
The City has established a residential permit-parking program in response
to parking intrusion into neighborhoods from adjacent developments, such
as the Valley College. The City has numerous neighborhood permit
parking districts in this program. Within these districts, on-street parking
City of San Bernardino
6 Circulation
is regulated to ensure that spillover-parking demands from adjacent
developments do not prevent local residents from parking on the street.
The hours of enforcement vary between programs, as do the eligibility
requirements, but generally all residents of the neighborhood are entitled
to a parking permit.
Goal 6.9
Achieve a balance between parking supply and
demand.
Policies:
6.9.1 Ensure that developments provide an adequate supply of
parking to meet its needs either on-site or within close
proximity. (LU-I)
6.9.2 Study the parking standards in the Development Code to
determine if adequate flexibility is available to
accommodate desirable situations, such as shared parking,
Corridor Improvement actions, or transit oriented
developments. (A-I)
6.9.3 Continue to expand the supply of public parking in off-
street parking facilities in downtown San Bernardino.
6.9.4 Continue to provide an in-lieu parking fee option for
developments in the Downtown area to satisfy all or part of
their parking requirement through the payment of an in-lieu
fee which will be utilized to provide parking in
consolidated public parking facilities.
6.9.5 Require that new developments submit a parking demand
analysis to the City Engineer " for review and approval
whenever a proposal is made to provide less than the full
code requirement of parking. (LU-I)
6.9.6 Develop parking and traffic control plans for those
neighborhoods adversely impacted by spillover parking and
traffic. (C-3)
City of San Bernardino
6-31
6-32
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City of San Bernardino
-
chapter 7. PUBLIC FACILITIES
I AND SERVICES
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Chapter 7. Public Facilities and
Services
INTRODUCTION
Public services and facilities play an essential role in enhancing San
Bernardino's quality oflife. The presence of high quality public services
and facilities such as fire protection, law enforcement, libraries, and
schools significantly influence the health and viability of our residential,
commercial, and industrial communities.
The effectiveness of our community resources is the result of careful
planning, thoughtful decisions, and the provision of adequate funding. As
we continue to grow and mature, the public services and facilities
necessary to support our new development will need to be provided and
the existing facilities will continue to require maintenance, rehabilitation,
and replacement. Given our prevailing fiscal and economic constraints,
this is a challenging job.
Purpose
The Public Facilities and Services Element identifies the City's goals,
policies, and programs concerning the provision of public facilities and
services, including the following:
. Fire Protection and Emergency Services,
.
Police Services,
.
Schools, and
. Community Centers, Libraries, and Cultural Facilities.
City of San Bernardino
7 Public Facilities and Services
Examples the types of public
services and facilities in our
community. Source: City of San
Bernardino Website.
TPC - SBC-15 Ch 07 Public Facilities.doc
7-1
An example of the types of
community efforts we employ
to help make San Bernardino
safe.
7-2
Relationship to Other Elements
This element is not a legally mandated part of the General Plan, but its
inclusion demonstrates the commitment to our citizens' quality oflife. It
supports the Land Use Element by establishing the service standards
necessary to support a growing population. In addition, it provides leaders
and residents with an update of realistic standards to provide the highest
possible levels of service to all segments of the community commensurate
with fiscal realities.
As we were unfortunately reminded in 2003, the threat of wind driven
wildland fires is a real concern in the hillsides. A thorough discussion and
related polices can be found in the Safety Element.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
Our continued activities and improved quality of life are dependent on the
provision and maintenance of high quality public services and facilities.
The quality of our schools, police, and fire services are important to our
sense of community pride and to attract investment and redevelopment.
We have been successful in reducing our crime rates; however, crime is
still one of our major concerns, especially in our Sphere of Influence. We
value our fire services but need to ensure there is an adequate level of
personnel, strategies, building requirements, and mutual aide agreements
in place to prevent future disasters. For both our fire and police services,
the right amount of personnel and equipment must be available to ensure
rapid response times throughout the City.
Our schools, colleges, and universities represent our future and it is our
goal to collaborate them to ensure the best possible education. Our two
major educational institutions, California State University, San Bernardino
and the San Bernardino Valley College, must be fully integrated with the
rest of the City through physical linkages and increasing interactions with
the our grade schools and our community.
As our population continues to grow, we need to expand our critical
services and infrastructure in the appropriate manner and locations to
accommodate the new population. We must do so in the most cost
effective and equitable means possible. The Public Services and Facilities
Element is responsive to our Vision because it represents our desires to:
. Enjoy a cost effective and high level of public services and
facilities that meet the needs of our residents and businesses;
City of San Bernardino
7 Public Facilities and Services
. Know that the financial resources for the ongoing operation and
maintenance of our public facilities and programs is in place;
. Know that, prior to any annexation, an adequate level of services
to serve both the new and existing City areas is available;
. Ensure that we have adequate levels of law enforcement, fire, and
emergency services personnel and equipment to rapidly meet the
needs of our community;
. Coordinate our local, state, and federal emergency resources to
ensure a prompt and an adequate level of response in the event of a
major disaster;
. Realize educational, economic, and social partnerships with
California State University, San Bernardino and the San
Bernardino Valley College; and
. Coordinate with our local school districts to ensure continued
development of quality K -12 schools and provide a valuable
amenity to attract new residents and businesses.
City of San Bernardino
7-3
San Bernardino Police Department
Communi Service Offices
Patrol Area Location
Western District 1574 Baseline
Area A Street, # 103
1332 W. 5 Street
941 W.Kendall
Drive
1535 E. Highland
A venue, Suite C
334 W. Baseline
Northern District
AreaB
Eastern District
Area C
Central District
AreaD
Southern District
AreaE
204 Inland Center
Source: City orSan Bernardino Website
Source: City of San
Bernardino Website.
7-4
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for public facilities and
service related issues in the City of San Bernardino planning area. The
public facilities discussed in this Element are mapped on Figure PFS-I.
Police services are provided by the City Police Department within the City
limits and the County Sheriff in the unincorporated area. The planning
area is served by a main police station and six community service offices
that serve five designated geographical patrol districts (See sidebar).
The City Police Department operates under a mutual aid agreement with
police agencies in the surrounding cities. This allows use of up to fifty
percent of adjacent agency resources upon request and for automatic
response within zones of mutual aid.
The unincorporated portions of the planning area are provided police
services from the San Bernardino County Sheriffs Department. The
County Sheriff operates from an office in the City of San Bernardino. The
Sheriffs Department and the City Police Department provide mutual
backup services upon request within both the City and unincorporated
areas.
The California Highway Patrol in San Bernardino provides traffic patrol
on State Highways and also on roads within the unincorporated areas of
the County. The Highway Patrol also provides emergency response
backup to the City Police and the County Sheriff upon request. The
Highway Patrol office is located within the corporate limits of the City.
The San Bernardino Police Department maintains a ratio of approximately
one sworn officer for every 820 residents.
Goal 7.1
Protect the residents of San Bernardino from criminal
activity and re~uce the incidence of crime.
Policies:
7.1.1
Maintain a complement of personnel in the Police
Department that is capable of providing a timely response
to criminal activity and can equitably protect all citizens
and property in the City. (A-3 and PFS-2)
City of San Bernardino
7 Public Facilities and Services
7.1.2 Coordinate inter-agency agreements with the County and
adjacent jurisdictions to provide assistance and cooperation
on inter-jurisdictional cases. (PFS-5)
7.1.3 Continue to support and encourage community-based crime
prevention efforts through regular interaction and
coordination with existing neighborhood watch programs,
assistance in the formation of new neighborhood watch
groups, and regular communication with neighborhood and
civic organizations. (LU-4 and PFS-6)
7.1.4 Assist the San Bernardino City Unified School District and
other educational agencies in creating a program of early
intervention for students that will provide instruction,
recreation, and training programs outside of the classroom.
(PFS-I)
7.1.5 Ensure that landscaping (i.e., trees and shrubbery) around
buildings does not obstruct views required to provide
security surveillance. (LU-I and PRT-I)
7.1.6 Require adequate lighting around residential, commercial,
and industrial buildings in order to facilitate security
surveillance. (LU-I and PRT-I)
7.1.7 Require the provision of security measures and devices that
are designed to increase visibility and security in the design
of building siting, interior and exterior design, and
hardware. (LU-I and PRT-I)
7.1.8 Continue to maintain a ratio of at least one sworn police
officer per 1,000 residents in the City. (A-3)
City of San Bernardino
7-5
San Bernardino Fire Department
Fire Stations
Station Location
I 200 E. 3'" Street
2 1201 W. 9m Street
3 2121 Medical Center Drive
4 2641 N. "E" Street
5 1640 Kendall Drive
6 1920 Del Rosa Drive
7 282 W. 40m Street
8 3398 E. Hi2hIand Avenue
9 202 Meridian Avenue
10 502 S. Arrowhead Avenue
II 450E. VanderbiltWav
12 San Bernardino International
Airport
Source: City or San Bernardino Website
Source: City of San
Bernardino Website.
7-6
Fire prevention, fire protection, and emergency medical service in the
planning area within the San Bernardino City limits are provided by the
San Bernardino City Fire Department. There are twelve fire stations in
San Bernardino (See sidebar).
The City Fire Department has mutual joint response agreements with the
cities of Loma Linda, Colton, Rialto, and Central Valley Fire District
(Station #75, in Muscoy), and the U.S. Forest Service.
In addition to local joint response, all fire departments in the State are
signatory to a master mutual aid agreement. This agreement was
established to provide assistance for major incidents. The agreement
states in part that political subdivisions will reasonably exhaust local
resources before calling for outside assistance.
Unincorporated areas within the planning area receive fire protection and
Emergency Medial Services (EMS) delivery from the Central Valley Fire
District (CVFD) or the California Department of Forestry/County Fire
Department (CDF). San Bernardino County contracts with CDF for fire
protection in areas not covered by other fire departments.
CDF is responsible for the remaining unincorporated areas including the
unincorporated islands within the City limits. CDF has three stations in
the area, a station at Baseline and Central in Highland, which is
responsible for the City of Highland, a station at 38th Street and Sierra
Way in the City, and a station on Cajon Boulevard, at the Devore off-ramp
in the northwest portion of the planning area.
The City uses the Uniform Fire Code, the National Fire Codes, the
California Administrative Codes, Title 19 and Title 24 as the basis for its
enforcement programs. Along with these codes, the City has adopted
more stringent fire regulations in the areas of building construction. For
instance, automatic fire sprinklers are required for buildings over 5,000
square feet, all chimneys in the City must be equipped with approved
spark arresters, and any structure that is two or more stories in height must
have paved access to within 50 feet of the structure for roof access.
The City Fire Department maintains an inspection program to ensure that
all buildings are in compliance with our fire codes. To meet the demands
of the inspection program, the engine companies are responsible for
City of San Bernardino
inspecting all multiple-family residential of three or more units and small
retail units. The remainder of the buildings, uses, and licenses are handled
by the fire prevention bureau. All members of the Fire Department are
responsible for the identification of generators of hazardous wastes and
their safe disposition.
The Insurance Service Office (ISO) Grading Schedule is a means of
classifying cities with reference to their fire defenses and physical
conditions. The insurance classification developed under this schedule is
only one of several elements used in development of fire insurance rates.
The ISO rating for the San Bernardino is Class 3. The ISO rating is on a
scale from 1-10 with Class 1 being the best. In most instances, the fire
insurance costs are the same for single-family residential structures in the
2-4 rating. Commercial, industrial, and multiple residential insurance
costs can be substantially affected by ISO ratings.
The Fire Department maintains a response time of six minutes within the
planning area.
Goal 7.2
Protect the residents and structures of San
Bernardino from the hazards of fire.
Policies:
7.2.1 Assure that adequate facilities and fire service personnel
are maintained by periodically evaluating population
growth, response time, and fire hazards in the City. (A-3
and PFS-2)
7.2.2 Assess the effects of increases in development density and
related traffic congestion on the provision of adequate
facilities and services ensuring that new development will
maintain fire protection services of acceptable levels.
(PFS-2)
7.2.3 Establish a program whereby new development projects are
assessed a pro rata fee to pay for additional fire service
protection to that development. (PFS-3)
7.2.4
Coordinate inter-agency fire service protection agreements
with County U.S. Forest Service, and other fire protection
agencies. (PFS-5)
7.2.5
Maintain an "ISO" fire rating of at least class 3.
City of San Bernardino
7 Public Facilities and Services
Source: City of San Bernardino
Website.
Fire Station Number Station 223
2121 Medical Center Drive.
Source: City of San Bernardino
Website.
7-7
The City does not have
jurisdiction over the school
districts, which are separate
entities that must satisfy their
mandates and plan for their
futures. Similar to a City, the
school districts have certain
powers to create new schools.
However, this requires
compliance with applicable
land use and environmental
regulations.
Working in cooperation, the
City and school districts can
assist each other to minimize
potential impacts, capitalize
on mutual opportunities, and
improve our community.
7-8
7.2.6 Require that all buildings subject to City jurisdiction adhere
to fire safety codes. (LU-l)
7.2.7 Develop and implement a comprehensive high-rise fire
safety program.
7.2.8 Promote public education regarding fire safety to address
issues such as storage of flammable material and other fire
hazards. (PFS-l and PFS-4)
7.2.9 Continue uniform reporting of all fire emergency data
including type and cause of fire alarm response time and
damage/injury data. (PFS-2)
Educational services within the majority ofthe planning area are provided
by the San Bernardino City Unified School District (SBCUSD). The
SBCUSD is planning for new or expanded campuses to meet student
population demands and upgrade facilities. As shown on Figure PFS-1,
the SBCUSD has identified a number oftarget areas to examine for future
school sites. As new schools are developed, Figures LU-I and LU-2
should be updated accordingly.
Portions of the planning area also extend into Colton Joint Unified,
Redlands Unified, and Rialto Unified School Districts. San Bernardino
residents attending schools in these two districts comprise approximately
2% of Colton's and 12% of Rial to's total school enrollments. A small,
undeveloped portion of the planning area in Highland Hills extends into
Redlands Unified School District. As this area develops, its residents wilI
attend schools in the Redlands Unified School District.
San Bernardino is fortunate to have the San Bernardino Valley College
(SBVC) and California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) within
its planning area. SBVC enrolls approximately 10,000 students in a two-
year liberal arts program, and includes technical, vocational, certificate
and transfer programs. The 430-acre Cal State San Bernardino campus
functions as a four-year liberal arts and sciences college. CSUSB enrolls
over 16,000 students and is projected to house approximately 3,000
students on-site. CSUSB offers 42 baccalaureate degree programs, 15
teaching credentials, and 21 master's degree programs through five
colleges: Arts and Letters, Business and Public Administration, Education,
Natural Sciences and Social and Behavioral Sciences. CSUSB is growing
and has added 10 new buildings in the last 10 years.
City of San Bernardino
These higher educational institutions are major community features that
can be serve as a catalyst for growth and improvement as well as a
positive marketing tool for the City. Our goal is to interconnect and unify
these facilities through the use of cohesive design, landscaping, sign age,
enhanced pedestrian connections, and improved parking conditions. A
thorough discussion and detailed policies to this affect are included in the
Land Use Element.
--.-- -_..._----~---_._-_.__.._--_.__.-
Meet the educational needs of the City's residents
and integrate our higher educational facilities into the
fabric of our community.
Goal 7.3
Policies:
7.3.1 Work with the local school districts, CSUSB, and SBVC to
expand facilities and services to meet educational needs.
(LU-l and PFS-4)
7.3.2 Work with the School District to ensure that new
residential subdivisions dedicate land or contribute fees for
the expansion of school facilities to meet the needs
attributable to the new housing. (LU-l)
7.3.3 Work with the School District to consider alternative
funding programs for school facilities construction and
provision of educational programs should there be a
shortfall of traditional revenue. (PFS-l)
7.3.4 Cooperate with the San Bernardino City Unified School
District, California State University, San Bernardino, and
San Bernardino Valley College to integrate educational
programs and facilities; ensure that adequate educational
services are provided for youth; the educational needs of
the students are being monitored; and the educational
curricula is being designed to meet these needs. (PFS-l)
7.3.5 Work with the Unified School District and all local
educational agencies, including private schools, to provide
continuing adult education courses. (PFS-l)
City of San Bernardino
7 Public Facilities and Services
7-9
Our Paul Villasenor Branch
Library.
San Bernardino Library
Department
Libraries
Libra Location
Norman F. Feldheym 555 West 6th
Central Libr Street
Dorothy Inghram 1505 W.
Branch Libr Hi hland Ave.
Howard M. Rowe 108 E. Marshall
Branch Libr Blvd.
Paul Villasenor 525 N. Mt.
Branch Libr Vernon Ave.
Source: City of San Bernardino Website
7-10
San Bernardino's cultural achievements are measured as much by the
activities of local organizations as the facilities that house them. Art
associations, such as the Arts on 5th Gallery (468 W. Fifth St.), theater
and dance groups, an historical society, opera association, symphony, and
a concert association contribute to San Bernardino's cultural climate. We
are proud to have the historic California Theater within our Downtown,
which provides a venue for shows and entertainment. In addition, the
Mayor's Office of Cultural and International Affairs organizes cultural
events in the City, including a sister cities program between San
Bernardino and seven international cities. The Mayor and Common
Council have recently approved a one-half percent assessment on new
commercial development to be dedicated to the arts; annual revenues from
this assessment are estimated at $230,000.
The San Bernardino Public Library is governed by the administrative
Library Board of Trustees as provided by Article XII of the Charter of the
City of San Bernardino. Library services are provided at four sites, as
described in the sidebar.
The San Bernardino planning area contains a variety of civic institutions,
including City and County government offices, the County Courthouse,
two public colleges and the public library system. Cultural facilities
include theaters, libraries, art galleries, and a museum.
Goal 7.4
Maintain and enhance the cultural quality of life for the
City's residents.
Policies:
7.4.1
Actively support public and private arts activities by
coordinating City sponsored programs, private support
activities, loans and grants, and other means of
participation. (A-3 and PFS-9)
7.4.2
Work with public and private organizations in the
community, county, and state to ensure that cultural and art
programs are coordinated.
7.4.3
Require developers to incorporate art in new commercial
and industrial projects or contribute in-lieu fees for public
art improvements as permitted by State Law. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.4.7
7.4.8
7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
7.4.12
7.4.13
7.4.14
7.4.15
7.4.16
7.4.17
7 Public Facilities and Services
Incorporate sculpture, paintings, and other forms of art in
City buildings.
Focus elements of art in the City's key activity areas and
corridors. (CD-l and PFS-l)
Evaluate the feasibility for the development of a regional
center for the performing and fine arts. (PFS-l)
Evaluate the feasibility of developing a facility as an
archive for the City's historical resources. (PFS-l)
Coordinate and promote the public's awareness of arts
programs through City newsletters and other publications
and cable television public access. (PFS 10-12)
Facilitate the formation of community groups involved in
cultural activities and provide artists, craftsman and dancers
with communication opportunities by establishing a referral
service or newsletter.
Work with recreation services and schools to develop art
appreciation programs.
Annually allocate funds to support cultural and arts
activities in the City. (A-3)
Solicit state and federal funds to support local cultural and
arts activities, as they are available. (A-3 and PFS-9)
Solicit corporate sponsorship and private donations for
public art and art and cultural facilities and programs.
Construct new libraries and rehabilitate and expand
existing library facilities and programs as required to meet
the needs of existing and future residents. (PFS-6)
Acquire materials for the library facilities that reflect the
needs and interests of the City residents. (PFS 9 and PFS-6)
Provide outreach services for seniors and the handicapped,
if they cannot visit library facilities.
Provide appropriate linkages for the library's use of
telecommunication and computer-based data for the
storage, retrieval, and display of information including
City of San Bernardino
7-11
7.4.18
7.4.19
7-12
online access and CD Rom, as technologies develop and
are standardized. (PFS-9 and A-3)
Continue to provide funding for library facilities and
activities, examining other potential funding sources,
including state and federal and corporate and private
contributions. (A-I)
Develop and install automated library circulation system
and automated catalog for accurate and efficient control of
materials. (A-3 and PFS-1)
City of San Bernardino
Civic, Institutional, and
Cultural Facilities
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1. Civic Center
2. California State San Bernardino
2a. U niversiry Art Gallery
2b. Music Department Recital Hall
2c. University Theatre
3. San Bernardino Valley College
3a. Valley College Art Gallery
3b. Valley College Auditorium
4a. Norman Feldheym Library
4b. Dorothy Ingram Branch Library
4c. Paul Villasenor Branch Library
4d. Howard M. Rowe Branch Library
5. San Bernardino County Library Administration
6. Sturges Auditorium
7. California Theatre of Performing Arts
8. Hetitage House Museum
9. San Bernardino Counry Museum
10. Franklin D. Roosevelt Bowl
11. National Orange Showgrounds
12. Convention Center
13. Baseball Stadium
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure PFS-l
-
chapterS. PARKS, RECREATION,
AND TRAILS
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Chapter 8. Parks, Recreation,
and Trails
INTRODUCTION
San Bernardino enjoys unparalleled access to the San Bernardino
Mountains and National Forests. We are also blessed with the Santa Ana
River and Lytle Creek as well as several other drainages. We have Little
League Baseball West Region Headquarters/Complex, regional soccer
facilities, and parks. Despite these amenities, we still need to ensure that
sufficient parkland is provided within our neighborhoods, located within
convenient access to our residents, interconnected so our children can
easily gain access, and safely designed and maintained.
A Parks, Recreation, and Trails Element is not a required element of the
General Plan by state law, but a desirable one at the local level. By
assessing what it has and charting where it wants to go, the City of San
Bernardino aspires to develop a system of recreational opportunities that
improves the quality of life of its citizens by providing a variety of healthy
activities. A vibrant and diverse multi-purpose system of parks and trails
is one of the finest amenities that a city can provide for aesthetic, health,
and economic reasons.
Purpose
The Parks, Recreation and Trails Element provides policy guidance that
addresses the acquisition, development, maintenance, and standards for
our recreation and trail resources.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Parks and Recreation Element is closely linked with the Land Use,
Circulation, and Natural Resources Elements. Together, these Elements
chart a course for our active and passive recreational pursuits.
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
Examples the types of recreational
opportunities we enjoy in San
Bernardino.
TPC - SBC-15 Ch 08 Parl<s Rec.doc
8-1
The Belmann Heights
Neighborhood Center and the
Nicholson Community Center.
Source: City of San Bernardino
Website.
8-2
ABOUT PARKS
There are many types of parks and recreational facilities in San
Bernardino, and their description provides the basis for setting future goals
and standards. Below is a description of the hierarchy of basic types of
parks systems.
Types of Parks
Existing recreational facilities within the planning area are categorized
into four classes: mini-parks, neighborhoods parks, community parks, and
regional parks. Each of the following parks is based on standards
commonly used by the park and recreation profession nationwide:
. Regional Parks. Regional parks are at least 50 acres in size and
offer a wide range of amenities to attract the greatest range of users
and interests within and outside of the city. Regional parks
provide significant natural features and passive and active
recreational features such as sports fields/courts, picnicking,
fishing, hiking, and camping.
. Community Parks. Community parks are approximately 15 to 30
acres in size with a service radius of 1 to 2 miles. Typical
amenities include pools, lighted sports fields and courts, picnic
facilities, hiking, play areas, restrooms, off-street parking, and
service yards.
.
Neighborhood Parks. Neighborhood parks are 5 to 15 acres in
size with a service radius of Y2 to 1 mile. Neighborhood parks are
easily accessible by walking or bicycling to the surrounding
population. Typical amenities include both active and passive
designs, court games, playground apparatus, picnic areas, informal
fields, passive green space, and off-street parking.
. Mini Parks. Mini-parks, pocket parks or play lots are less than 5
acres in size with a service area of Y.t to Y2 mile. Mini parks are
easily accessible by walking or bicycling to the surrounding
population. Typical amenities include court games, playground
apparatus, picnic areas, passive green space, and off-street parking.
Development and Parks
The City uses the State Quimby Act and its Development Code for fees
and land dedications as well as the Capital Improvement Program to
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
establish standards and schedules for acquisition and development of new
park or rehabilitation of existing parks and recreation facilities.
The Quimby Act allows the City to require dedication ofland, impose
payment of fees in lieu, or a combination of both for neighborhood and
community parks and recreation purposes.
The City Development Code (Chapter 19.30) provides for the payment of
a fee for each new residential dwelling unit constructed. The fee is placed
in a specially designated fund and is used for acquisition and development
of new or improvement of existing neighborhood and community parks
and recreational facilities. The fee, which is imposed when a building
permit is issued, is based on the type of construction and a percentage of
its valuation.
The ordinance provides that in lieu of fees, the Mayor and Common
Council may grant credit for land and improvements that are dedicated in
fee to public recreation and park purposes. The amount of dedicated land
and any conditions are determined by mutual agreement between the City
and the dedicator.
Improvement ofparklands is provided for through the City's Capital
Improvement Program. Acquisition funding is limited and must compete
with funding needed for ongoing maintenance of existing facilities and
equipment as well as with other City needs. In addition to City funds,
federal and state grant programs provide funds for the purchase of new
parkland.
Park Standards
The City utilizes a park acreage standard qf 5 acres per 1,000 residents.
This is one acre greater than the land required by the state's Quimby Act,
which requires developers to provide land and/or fees for new parks based
on a standard of four acres per thousand residents.
With regard to types of parks these acreages are intended to accommodate,
no single set of accepted standards exist. Nevertheless, the National
Recreation and Parks Association (NRP A) has published benchmark
guidelines for communities to consider. These define acceptable ratios of
per capita park space for local parkland including a proportion of
neighborhood and mini-parks based on national averages. Regional parks,
because of their variation in size and type, are not included. The standard
for the neighborhood park portion is 1 to 2 acres per 1,000 population and
City of San Bernardino
8-3
8-4
for mini-parks 0.25 to 0.50 per 1,000 population. The standard for the
community park is 2 to 3 acres per 1,000 residents.
To determine the amount and types of parks that will be needed to serve
the population at buildout of the General Plan, population is projected as
described in the Land Use Element. This projected need is then compared
to the lands actually designated as parks on the Land Use Maps. In this
manner, a surplus or shortfall is evident (see Table PRT-l).
Mini Parks -98.5 -23.15 -121.65
Nei hborhood Parks -416.9 -92.59 -509.49
Community Parks -592.4 -138.88 -731.26
Total ShOT all -1,107.8 -254.61 -1,362.4
Notes:
1 Suggested need only based on NRP A national averages.
2 Existing parks provided by Parks, Recreation and Conununity Services Department, 12/30/03.
3 Suggested need based on high end of ranges. Need for all parklands based upon the City standard
of 5 acres of parklands per 1,000 population.
As can be seen from this "snapshot" in time, there will be an approximate
shortfall of 1,362 acres of park lands at buildout of the General Plan unless
additional area can be provided. It is important to note that buildout is
based on current parks and projected buildout and does not account for
parks that may be acquired by the City or provided in new subdivisions.
For instance, at the time of the writing of this General Plan, several mini
or neighborhood parks were in the planning stages in the Verdemont area.
The projections also do not account for the implementation ofthe policies
of the General Plan, which are intended to address this shortfall.
City of San Bernardino
The shortfall in parks is lessened somewhat by the fact that there are three
regional parks totaling 158 acres that have active recreation facilities, the
many school sites in the City that are available for recreational activities,
special recreation facilities (community centers and senior centers) and the
presence of year-round passive and active recreation opportunities in the
nearby San Bernardino National Forest.
Existing Recreational Facilities
There are a total of 47 developed parks and recreational facilities in the
City including twelve neighborhood, nine community, sixteen mini, and
three regional parks. These parks contain a broad range of facilities;
including children's play equipment, tennis and volleyball courts, and
athletic fields. The remaining park areas are classified as special facilities,
i.e., community buildings, and senior centers. Table PRT -2 indicates the
City parks by type and size and Figure PR T -1 depicts the location of these
parks.
In addition to City parks, there are individual regional facilities such as the
Shandin Hills Golf Course, Arrowhead Country Club, and the San
Bernardino Golf Club, which are eighteen-hole courses. The planning
area also contains the Western Regional Little League
Headquarters/Complex on land owned by the City but used almost
exclusively for Little League ball play. In the agreement for the usage of
the land, the City retains some rights for its usage when not used by the
Regional Little League program.
The City provides recreational services at the local schools, under a joint
resolution adopted by the Common Council and the school district. It
provides that schoolyard facilities will remain open in the daytime hours
after school for recreational use of the community. The City Parks,
Recreation, and Community Services Department operates a variety of
recreational programs on school grounds, including the Tiny Tot program,
Senior Citizen leisure programs, and active and passive programs for all
age groups including after school activities during the regular school year.
For the use of school building facilities and pools, the City pays rental
fees. The school district reserves the right for first priority for the use of
all school areas.
The City includes seven community centers that offer a variety of leisure
and social activities for all ages and cultural interest such as youth and
adult sports, summer and off track lunch program, teen and youth clubs,
tutoring, arts and crafts, senior nutrition, family night, etc. The centers also
act as a focal point for collaboration and partnership with other
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
The Lytle Creek Park Community
Center. Source: City of San
Bernardino Website.
8-5
organizations and agencies to provide specialized services and resources
such as the HeartSmart Program, ESL, teen pregnancy prevention
programs, immunization, health screenings, food distribution, and
Headstart.
In addition to City facilities, the County Regional Parks system includes
Glen Helen, Yucaipa, Lake Gregory, Cucamonga, Guasti, Prado, and
Mojave Narrows, all within a range of approximately 10 to 40 miles of the
City of San Bernardino. The nearest to the City is Glen Helen Park, which
provides a multi-faceted recreation area for fishing, boating, picnicking
and other activities for many City dwellers.
Table PRT-2
Existing City Parks and Recreation Facilities J
Public Park and Recreation Map
Facility Identification 2 Type' Size (Acres)
Al GuhnN erdemont Park
3650 Little League 1 C 28.00
Littlefield/Shultis Park
Buckborad and Kendall 2 N 15.00
Hudson Park
4365 Park Drive 3 N 10.10
Blair Park
1466 w. Marshall Blvd. 4 C 34.00
Newberry Park
560 Hill Drive 5 M 1.53
Tom Gould Park
240 w. 40th Street 6 M 0.51
Newark Field (Karl Karper)
3898 Pershing 7 N 5.02
Sierra Park
3800 Sierra Way 8 M 1.13
Wildwood Park
536 E. 40th Street 9 C 24.20
Horine Park
3150 Waterman 10 N 5.67
Harrison Canyon Park
39th and Golden II N 6.00
Sonora Tot Lot
1286 Sonora Street 12 M 0.17
Del Vallejo School Field
Sterling and Lynwood 13 N 6.00
Speicher ParklPatton South
1535 N. Arden 14 C 28.00
Perris Hill Park
607 E. Highland 15 R 64.40
Palm Field
888 E. 6th Street 16 C 22.30
North Norton Community Center
24424 Monterey 17 S 1.00
8-6
City of San Bernardino
Table PRT-2
Existinl! City Parks and Recreation Facilities 1
Public Park and Recreation Map
Facilitv Identification 2 Tvpe' Size (Acres)
Center for Individual Development
8088 Palm Lane 18 M 5.00
Mill Park
503 Central 19 C 14.30
Campo Santo Memorial Park
2651 D Street 20 M 5.50
Seccombe Lake Park
160 E. 5th Street 21 R 44.00
Meadowbrook ParklHernandez Center
2nd and Sierra 22 N 14.12
Meadowbrook Field House and Park
179 E. Rialto 23 M 4.96
Colony Park
Weir Road and Heritage Drive 24 N 6.40
Del Rosa School Field
3395 N. Mountain Ave. 25 M 0.50
Pioneer Park
565 F Street 26 N 5.00
Fifth Street Senior Center
600 W. 5th Street 27 S 0.50
Delmann Heights Community Center
2969 Flores 28 C 19.70
Norton Gym/Galaxy Ballroom
1554 Art Townsend Drive 29 C 3.72
Anne Shirrells Park
1367 N. California 30 N 12.00
Gutierrez Field
14th and Mt. Vernon 31 M 1.98
Golden Valley School Field
3800 N. Waterman Ave. 32 M 1.00
Encanto Park
1180 W. 9th Street 33 N 8.90
Ninth Street Park
2931 Gamer 34 M 3.62
Guadalupe Fie]d
780 Roberds 35 M 2.25
La Plaza Park
685 Mt. Vernon Avenue 36 M 2.04
Nunez Park
]717 W. 5th Street 37 C 22.04
Nicholson Park
2750 W. 2nd Street 38 N 9.52
Lytle Creek Park
380 S. K Street 39 C 17.90
Richardson School Field
455 S. K Street 40 M 1.00
Perris Hill Senior Center
780 W. 21st Street 4] S 1.00
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
8-7
Table PRT-2
Parks and Recreation Facilities I
Public Park and Recreation Map
Facili [denti Ication 2 Size (Acres
San Bernardino Soccer Complex
2500 East Pacific
Unnamed park in new Development
SEC North ark Blvd. & Cam us Prkwy
Unnamed park in new Development
SEC North ark Blvd. & Cam us Pr
Unnamed Park
NWC Palm Ave. and Irvin on Ave.
Unnamed Park
SEC Ma olia Ave. and Me ers
Unnamed Park
SWC Irvin on Ave. and Chestnut
Totals Existin Public Parks I
Notes:
1 Totals for existing developed parks.
2 See Figure PRT-1.
3 Legend for column "Type"
R=Regional
C=Community
N=Neighborhood
S=Special Facility (Community Center, Senior Center)
M=Mini
42 R 50.00
43 N 2.4
44 N 3.5
45 N 4.7
46 M .39
47 N 3.98
47 524.95
8-8
City of San Bernardino
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SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure PRT-l
ABOUT MULTI-PURPOSE TRAILS AND
BIKEWAYS
Just as there are different types of parks for which to plan, there are also
different types of trails and bike paths for different uses. Our off-street
recreational trail system combines hiking, equestrian, and bike trails into
what we call Multi-Purpose trails. Our on-street trail system consists of
dedicated bike lanes along the pavement edge of streets. Pedestrian access
and recreation is provided through the City's sidewalks and hiking trails.
Many of our trails are still in the planning stages, but our desire is to have
them completed.
Taken together, our off-street and on-street trails will provide a system
that interconnects our parks, schools, and civic facilities with each other
and with the surrounding area (see Figure PRT -2). The following multi-
purpose trails and bikeways are found San Bernardino:
. Primary Regional Multi-Purpose Trails. These multi-purpose
trails serve an entire region and accommodate hiking, equestrian,
and bicycle users. We have two Primary Regional Multi-Purpose
trails: the Santa Ana River Trail and the Greenbelt Trail, which is
located in the foothills adjacent to the City's northern boundary.
. Regional Multi-Purpose Trails. These multi-purpose trails serve
bicycle, pedestrian, and in some cases, equestrian users and
provide regional connections. We have the Cajon/Lytle, the Mid-
City, Sand Canyon, City Creek, and Lorna Linda Connector trails
in San Bernardino.
.
Local Multi-Purpose Trails. These multi-purpose trails serve
pedestrian, bicycle, and in some cases, equestrian users and
provide connections within San Bernardino itself.
. Bicycle Routes. We have numerous existing and planned bicycle
routes in our Community, both on and off-street. The Bikeway
Facilities Master Plan, which was adopted in 1994, describes a
process in which we will develop a safe and efficient network of
bike paths for recreation and commuter use. The following
system, which is derived from the State of California, categorizes
bicycle facilities into the following three classifications:
. Class I Bikeways. A Class I Bikeway is a dedicated travel-way
for bicyclists. The most common applications for Class I
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
Examples of the types of off-
street, multi-purpose trails we
desire in San Bernardino.
8-11
8-12
Bikeways are along rivers, canals, and utility rights-of-way,
within college campuses, or within and between parks. They
may also be provided as part of planned developments. Our
Class 1 Bikeways are included in the Multi-Purpose Trails
described above and share right-of-way with other users.
· Class II Bikeways. Class II Bikeways delineate the right-of-
way assigned to bicyclists along roadways. Bike lane signs and
pavement markings help define these "bike lanes."
· Class III Bikeways. Class III Bikeways are shared facilities
that serve either to provide continuity to other bicycle facilities,
or designate preferred routes through high demand corridors.
Bike routes are normally shared with motor vehicles on the
street, or with pedestrians on sidewalks. In either case, bicycle
use is secondary.
.
Pedestrian Facilities. In addition to the planned and existing
Multi-Purpose Trails described above, pedestrian circulation in San
Bernardino is primarily provided for on our sidewalks, which are
available on the vast majority of our improved streets.
City of San Bernardino
Conceptual Trail System
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure PRT-2
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
ACHIEVING THE VISION
We acknowledge our current lack of trails and bikeways and our potential
deficit in our park space at buildout of the General Plan. However, we are
creatively addressing this issue and are creating a system of parks,
bikeways, trails, and recreation facilities that serve our needs and connect
different neighborhoods to the City and the region.
The Parks and Recreation Element is responsive to our Vision because it
represents our desires to:
. Realize a system of high quality recreation and community
services for all segments of the population, especially youth and
senior citizens;
. Expand our supply of public parks and trails in creative and
effective ways to meet future demands;
. Develop a system of open spaces, bikeways, and trails to connect
individual neighborhoods into the fabric of the entire community;
. Upgrade and maintain our recreational and trail facilities in a safe
and functional manner;
. Utilize our significant opportunities to use non-developable open
spaces forrecreational uses (e.g. Cajon-Lytle creek washes, Santa
Ana River, Devils Canyon, and other flood control areas);
. Realize one of Southern California's extraordinary watershed
features in the Santa Ana River as a recreational feature; and
. Continue to provide a rich slate of recreational programs.
City of San Bernardino
8-15
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for parks and recreation
related issues in the City of San Bernardino planning area.
As described above, there is a potential shortfall of parklands to meet the
future demands of the City. Not only does the amount ofland needed to
serve our recreational need to be acquired, but also parks need to be
distributed evenly and designed to meet the needs of surrounding
residents. In addition, new parks and recreation facilities need to be
connected to the bicycle and trail network. To meet these goals, the City
must aggressively find parklands and continue to work with developers
through the project review process.
As San Bernardino's population continues to change, so will its needs for
different types of parks and recreation programs. The challenge is to stay
in touch with residents and use pro-active planning to be several steps
ahead of them.
Goal 8.1
Improve the quality of life in San Bernardino by
providing adequate parks and recreation facilities and
services to meet the needs of our residents.
Policies:
8.1.1
Establish a comprehensive parks master plan, which
accomplishes the following:
a. Establishes the standard of 5 acres of parkland for every
1,000 residents;
b. Establishes guidelines for the types and amounts of
recreational facilities and services necessary to
adequately serve future residents;
c. Defines park development standards based on types and
sizes of parks (mini, neighborhood, community,
regional) and their service area (e.g. Mini- Y4 to Yz
service radius);
8-16
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
d. Describes the steps necessary to achieve the park
standards and guidelines;
e. Defines existing and anticipated recreational needs
(based on population size, density, demographics, and
types of facilities);
f. Identifies areas in need of new or expanded recreational
facilities and the types of facilities needed;
g. Disperses park facilities and equipment throughout the
City to prevent an undue concentration at any location;
including sports fields, basketball courts, tennis courts,
swimming pools, picnic areas, and other facilities;
h. Identifies appropriate park fees;
I. Identifies potential locations and types of new or
expanded facilities; and
J. Identifies potential funding sources. (PR T -1)
8.1.2 Provide a variety of park "experiences", including those
developed for intense recreational activity, passive open
space enjoyment, and a mixture of active and passive
activities. (PRT -1 and PRT -4)
8.1.3 Pursue the development of portions of the Santa Ana River,
Lytle Creek, and flood control drainages and detention
basins for recreational uses that will not inhibit flood
control purposes or be adversely impacted by flooding.
(PRT-6)
8.1.4 Examine the potential use of geothermal resources for
recreational use (e.g., pools). (PRT-I)
8.1.5 Integrate parks and recreation facilities with the Master
Plan for Trails and Bikeways. (PRT-l)
8.1.6 Accommodate the recreational needs ofthe City's residents
reflecting their unique social, cultural, ethnic, and physical
limitations in the design and programming of recreational
spaces and facilities. (PRT-l and PRT-4)
8.1.7 Continue to evaluate the community's recreational needs
and the adequacy of the City's recreational facilities and
programs in meeting these needs. (PRT-4)
City of San Bernardino
8-17
Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design
(CPTED)
CPTED is design that
eliminates or reduces criminal
behavior and encourages
people to "keep an eye out" for
each other. The four strategies
of CPTED are:
· Natural Surveillance. Keep
spaces open and easily
observable.
· Territorial Reinforcement.
Define boundaries and
public spaces.
. Natural Access ControL
Clearly indicate public
routes and discouraging
access to private areas with
structural elements.
. Target Hardening. Prohibit
entry or access.
8-18
8.1.8
Inform residents of recreational programs through the
internet, cable television, newsletters, and other
publications. (PRT-5)
8.1.9
Initiate and attend joint meetings with the Forest Service,
County Parks and Recreation Department, and the state to
coordinate the joint use of recreational facilities, parkland
acquisition, and the establishment of new recreational
programs. (PRT-6)
8.1.1 0
Maintain and expand cooperative arrangements with the
San Bernardino Unified School District, City Municipal
Water Department, Cal State San Bernardino and San
Bernardino Valley College for after hour and summertime
use of parks, pools, concert halls, and other facilities.
(PRT-6)
Parks are among the most highly desired amenities that a city can provide,
and their enjoyment depends, in large measure, on attention to detail. First
and foremost, they must be safe places for the enjoyment of all members
of the community. This means that facilities and equipment must be well
designed and maintained; that landscaping is carefully planned and
maintained with security in mind; that organized activities are well
supervised; and that ample lighting exists for night use.
Goal 8.2 Design and maintain our parks and recreation
facilities to maximize safety, function, beauty, and
_____eff~~iency.
8.2.1 Parks shall be designed in accordance with contemporary
safety standards and "CPTED" (Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design) principles. (PRT-l)
8.2.2 Each park within the City shall be evaluated for safety and
maintenance on an established schedule. (PRT-4)
8.2.3 Encourage local individuals and groups to contribute or
plant trees (in accordance with a prescribed tree planting
plan) in neighborhood and community parks.
8.2.4
Develop master plans for each park to ensure that (a) the
siting of buildings, open air facilities, and landscape are
City of San Bernardino
unified, functionally related to efficiency, and compatible
with adjacent uses; and (b) landscape locations and species
are coordinated with architectural and site design. (PRT -1)
8.2.5 Design and develop parks to complement and reflect their
natural environmental setting and maximize their open
space character. (PR T -1 )
8.2.6 Design and improve our parks according to the following:
a. Locate parks on collector or neighborhood streets so
they are easily accessible to adjacent residential
neighborhoods;
b. Site uses so that they do not adversely impact adjacent
residences (e.g., locating high activity, noise-
generating, and nighttime uses away from residences);
c. Fulfill the particular needs of residents of the area they
serve (i.e., senior citizens, and families with children);
d. Provide for parking so that it does not disrupt abutting
residences; and
e. Incorporate landscape that "fits" with adjacent areas.
(PRT-l)
8.2.7
Install new and replace existing landscaping where it is
severely deteriorated, inappropriately located for park
activities, and incompatible with other landscape and
adjacent uses. (PRT-l)
8.2.8
Ensure that all parks are adequately illuminated for safe use
at night. (PR T -1 )
8.2.9
Provide for the supervision of park activities and promote
enforcement of codes restricting illegal activity. (PRT -1)
8.2.10
Restrict and control nighttime park use so that adjacent
residences are not adversely affected. (PRT-l)
As of2003, there were no Class 1 bikeways in San Bernardino. We will
change this situation. Our goal is to realize a complete system of safe,
interconnected trails and bikeways that connect San Bernardino internally
and with our surrounding region.
City of San Bernardino
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
8-19
Importantly, we want to do so in a cost effective and planned manner.
Due to the developed nature of parts of our community and the cost
involved in right-of-way acquisition, a concentrated effort should be made
to develop safe dual use of existing roadways. The use of parks, drainage
channels, and utility easements should also continue to be explored.
Every trip starts with a pedestrian movement; however, pedestrians often
have to compete for safe space. Pedestrian safety as well as amenable
pedestrian environments are important quality oflife factors in San
Bernardino. Sidewalk access is sometimes reduced by the intrusion of
various sidewalk impediments such as benches, newspaper boxes, signs,
plantings, and garbage cans. It is important to have a safe pedestrian
system that links commercial residential and open spaces land uses.
Goal 8.3
Develop a well-designed system of interconnected
multi~purpose trails, bike~ays, and pedestrian paths:_
Policies:
8.3.1
Work cooperatively with appropriate regional agencies to
facilitate development of interconnected trails that tie into
major activity areas. (PRT -6)
8.3.2
Establish a multi-purpose trail system, as shown on Figure
PRT -2, along the foothills of the San Bernardino
Mountains, Santa Ana River, Cajon and Lytle Creeks, and
interconnecting linkages in collaboration with the U.S.
Forest Service, County of San Bernardino, City of
Highland, Lorna Linda, and other adjacent communities.
(PRT-l)
8.3.3
Establish a recreational greenbelt system linking the river
and drainage corridors with the mountains. (PRT-I)
8.3.4
All new developments on designated routes, as shown on
Figure PRT-2, shall provide bicycle and pedestrian routes
linked to adjacent facilities. (LU-I)
8.3.5
Provide routes accessible for disabled persons that link
public facilities and commercial areas to residential
neighborhoods. (PRT-l)
8-20
City of San Bernardino
8.3.6
8.3.7
8.3.8
8.3.9
8.3.10
8.3.11
8.3.12
8 Parks, Recreation, and Trails
Adequate and secure bicycle storage facilities shall be
provided for new institutional and non-residential
development. (PRT-I and LV-I)
Provide bicycle racks in public facilities and in activity
centers. (PRT-I and LV-I)
Install sidewalks and wheelchair ramps in existing
neighborhoods. (PR T -1)
Separate bikeway and trail systems from traffic and
roadways wherever possible. (PR T -1)
Provide clear separation of hikers, joggers, and equestrians
where possible. (PRT-I)
Seek the use of easements and rights-of-way from owners
and continue to negotiate agreements for the use of utility
easements, flood controls channels, and railroad rights-of-
way to expand the park and trail system. (PRT-I and PRT-
6)
Incorporate the following features in multi-purpose trails,
bike routes, and pedestrian paths:
a. Special paving or markings at intersections;
b. Clear and unobstructed signing and trail/lane markings;
c. Improved signal phasing;
d. Vehicular turning restrictions at intersections;
e. Hearing impaired cross walk signals;
f. Trees to provide shade;
g. Safe and well lighted rest areas; and
h. Coordinated street furniture including signs, trash
receptacles, newspaper stands, and drinking fountains.
(pRT-I and CD-I)
The provision of parks, trails, and recreational facilities and services
requires funding for acquisition, development, ongoing maintenance, and
ongoing programs. To promote the desired lifestyle, our recreational
programs must be adequately funded.
City of San Bernardino
8-21
8-22
Goal 8.4 Provide adequate funding for parkland and trails
acquisition, improvements, maintenance, and
__________________p~ogr~~s. ______________ .
Policies:
8.4.1
Pursue the acquisition of surplus federal, state, and local
lands to meet present and future recreation and community
service needs. (PRT-2 and PRT-6)
8.4.2
Continue to require developers of residential subdivisions
to provide fee contributions based on the valuation of the
units to fund parkland acquisition and improvements. (LV-
I)
8.4.3
Grant Quimby fee waivers only when usable parklands are
received and when such waivers are determined to be in the
best interest of City residents as certified by the Mayor and
Common Council on recommendation of the Parks,
Recreation and Community Services Department. (PRT-l
and LV-I)
8.4.4
Continue and expand mechanisms by which the City may
accept gifts and dedications of parks, trails, open space, and
facilities. (PRT-2)
8.4.5
Consider the use of special taxes, sale of bonds, or
assessment districts for park and trail development and
maintenance. (PRT-2)
8.4.6
Continue to provide financial support, including user fees
and in-lieu fees, for summer lunch, playground, swimming
pool programs and recreational facilities, and other
appropriate programs. (PRT-2 and PRT-3)
8.4.7
Installation and/or replacement of the recreational facilities
and equipment and the bikeway and trail system shall be
carried out as part of the City's Capital hnprovement
Program. (A-2)
City of San Bernardino
UTILITIES
chapter 9.
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Chapter 9. Utilities
INTRODUCTION
Utilities serve as a functional base and provide access to resources our
community needs to thrive and remain a desirable place to live and
conduct business. The efficiency with which these services operate and
are provided ultimately can affect the quality of life for our residents or
the ability of businesses to thrive in our City. These essential utilities also
playa significant role in the protection and preservation of the safety and
welfare ofthe City from hazards such as flooding and fires. As the City's
population grows and urban activity increases, additional investments in
capital improvements will be necessary to maintain a thriving community
and attract new investments or development. The Utilities Element
incorporates strategies to ensure the City maintains the ability to provide
and expand these basic services to its existing and future residents and
businesses.
Purpose
The Goals and Policies in this element are intended to maintain and/or
improve the level of utility services provided to existing and future
residents. The goals and policies governing utilities in San Bernardino are
also intended to ensure that utility services in the City keep pace with new
development. This element addresses the following topics:
. Wastewater Collection and Treatment,
. Water Transmission, Distribution, Storage, and Treatment,
. Storm Drains and Flood Control,
. Solid Waste Collection and Disposal,
. Electricity,
. Natural Gas,
City of San Bernardino
TPC - saC-15 Ch 09 Ulilities.doc
9 Utilities
9-1
9-2
. Telecommunications, and
. Geothermal Resources.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Utilities Element is not a state mandated element, but it is closely
linked to several other elements including Land Use, Public Facilities and
Services, Economic Development, Housing, and Safety. Any new land
uses or developments will need to be served with adequate utilities, and
the ability to provide utilities will allow businesses to thrive, which
directly affects the economic vitality of the City. Geologic and seismic
constraints identified within the City can also affect the way in which the
City can provide services such as wastewater collection and treatment,
water transmission, distribution and storage, and the construction and
placement of storm drains and flood control facilities within the
community.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
The Utilities Element helps to carry out the third component of the City's
Vision "Creating Opportunities for the Future." As San Bernardino
continues to develop, the City will need to enhance and expand utilities to
meet the needs of residents and businesses. With strong infrastructure
systems in place to support redevelopment and new development, San
Bernardino can position itselfto be a premiere place to live and work.
The Utilities Element is responsive to our vision because it represents our
desire to:
.
Meet the utility needs of our citizens and businesses;
.
Identify and address service needs/gaps so we can proactively
attract desirable development;
.
Ensure the safety of our businesses and residents through the
construction and maintenance of necessary infrastructure and
facilities; and
.
Ensure new development pays for their fair share of new utilities.
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following goals and policies address the provision of utilities in the
City of San Bernardino planning area.
The sewer system plays a crucial role in ensuring that the community
remains clean, healthy, and enjoyable. Although most of the sewer system
is adequate for existing and future development, a number of areas will
require additional facilities to keep pace with future needs. The City's
sewer system must be able to accommodate the quantity of wastes
generated by residents and businesses if San Bernardino is to continue to
grow and prosper.
Presently the City permits the limited use of septic tanks for developments
within its boundaries; typically in older portions of the City or on large lot
residential development such as:
. Northwest of Little League Drive;
. Portions of the Verdemont area with parcels larger than one (1)
acre;
. Palm Avenue and Industrial Parkway Area;
. Cajon Boulevard and June Street Area; and
. Northwest of the Interstate 215/30 Interchange.
Water Reclamation
The San Bernardino Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) has been operated
by the City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department since 1973,
and ensures that all water is properly treated prior to discharge into the
Santa Ana River. In March 1996, the cities of San Bernardino and Colton
wastewater treatment plants jointly opened the Rapid Infiltration and
Extraction (RIX) facility, where secondary-treated water undergoes the
final filtering and disinfecting process to produce wastewater that is
superior or equivalent to that produced by conventional filtration systems.
The Water Department's Water Reclamation Plant and Rapid Infiltration
and Extraction (RIX) Facilities reclaim millions of gallons of water a day
so it is ideal for many commercial and agricultural uses. This water can be
City of San Bernardino
9-3
used for things like industrial cooling systems, watering crops, and large
scale landscaping such as at golf courses. Like the Department's
geothermal assets, reclaimed water is a valuable economic resource for the
City. The reclaimed water is currently discharged into the Santa Ana River
where it contributes to other existing water flows and adds to the habitat
for several kinds of fish and birds. The Water Department sees this water
as a commodity that can be used to the economic benefit of the Inland
Empire and the City of San Bernardino in industry, agriculture, and
landscaping.
The water reclamation plant is a 33 MGD Secondary Treatment facility
that serves a population of over 185,000 people in a service area that
includes the cities of San Bernardino, Lorna Linda, East Valley, San
Bernardino International Airport, Patton State Hospital, and parts of San
Bernardino County.
The City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department owns and
operates the San Bernardino Water Reclamation Plant (SBWRP). The
SBWTP treats residential and industrial wastewater generated in:
. The City of San Bernardino;
. City of Lorna Linda; and
. East Valley Water District.
Service area boundaries are depicted on Figure 0-1.
Wastewater Collection Facilities
The City Public.W orks Department is responsible for the design and
construction of wastewater collection facilities in the City. Operation and
maintenance of wastewater collection facilities is the responsibility of the
Public Services Department.
Wastewater collection facilities within the planning area are owned and
operated by four different entities:
.
City of San Bernardino (Public Works and Public Services
Departments);
.
East Valley Water District (EVWD);
.
San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center; and
9-4
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
. The City of Lorna Linda.
Wastewater collection is provided within the eastern portion of the
planning area by the East Valley Water District (Figure U-2), which
operates and maintains its own wastewater collection system. Wastewater
collected by the East Valley Water District is transported to the City's
collection facilities prior to treatment at the San Bernardino Water
Reclamation Plant (SBWRP).
The City of Lorna Linda operates and maintains a wastewater collection
system within the southern portion of the planning area (Figure U-2).
Wastewater collected within the service area ofthe City of Lorna Linda is
ultimately conveyed to the City of San Bernardino's wastewater collection
system prior to treatment at the SBWRP.
City of San Bernardino
9-5
9-6
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City of San Bernardino
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure U-l
Goal 9.1 Provide a system of wastewater collection and
treatment facilities that will adequately convey and
treat wastewater generated by existing and future
. .....___________~~'_'~~?_~rTlent in th~_c:;~!Y~~_~~~~~~!.~~~________________
Policies:
9.1.1 Provide for the construction of upgraded and expanded
wastewater collection and treatment improvements to
support existing and new development, and to meet usage
requirements and maximize cost efficiency, especially in
areas where existing systems are deficient.
9.1.2 Maintain and replace existing wastewater collection and
treatment facilities as necessary.
9.1.3 Require new development to connect to a master planned
sanitary sewer system in accordance with the Department
of Public Works' "Sewer Policy and Procedures". Where
construction of master planned facilities is not feasible, the
Mayor and Common Council may permit the construction
of interim facilities sufficient to serve the present and short-
term future needs.
9.1.4 Evaluate the City's Sewer Collection System Master Plan
and the Board of Water Commissioner's Master Plan for
Wastewater Treatment Facilities as necessary to accurately
determine which collection and treatment facilities will be
needed to serve present and future growth in the City.
9.1.5 Review development proposals for projects within the
City's Sphere ofInfluence and request the County to
disapprove any project that cannot be served with adequate
public wastewater collection and treatment facilities. (U-l)
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
9-9
9-10
-~-. ....--.-....-.. ............------............-......
Goal 9.2 Ensure that all wastewater collection and treatment
............... .!~~~l!i~~~!~_~e.~r~~~~t~_~~~~!:r.li~~_P_uE!ig.~_~~~y.:__.__.._.
Policies:
9.2.1 Provide for the monitoring of toxic or potentially toxic
businesses to prevent contamination of water and
wastewater.
9.2.2 Require, when necessary, pre-treatment of wastewater from
industrial sources prior to treatment at the Water
Reclamation Facility.
The San Bernardino Municipal Water Department (SBMWD) provides
domestic water for the City and unincorporated areas of San Bernardino
County as well as back-up to the City of Lorna Linda. Water service is
provided for single-family, multiple-family, commercial, light industrial,
governmental, and landscaping purposes. Other water agencies in the
planning area include East Valley Water District on the east, Redlands
Mutual, Lorna Linda Municipal, Riverside, and Colton water providers to
the south, and West San Bernardino and Rialto to the west. Figure U-2
shows the service boundaries of the water providers in the planning area.
Since the City has no jurisdiction over water supply, transmission,
distribution, and storage facilities administered by other entities, this
discussion addresses facilities owned and maintained by the City.
Groundwater from the Bunker Hill Basin is the primary source of water
supply for the SBMWD. It has the capacity to provide 70,000 acre-foot
per year of water from groundwater and surface water sources. The basin,
similar to a very large underground lake, is replenished naturally by local
precipitation and by stream flow from rain and snowmelt from the San
Bernardino Mountains. I While groundwater is the principal source of
supply in the planning area, other sources of water supply include: the
State Water Project (SWP), the Santa Ana River, Mill Creek, and Lytle
Creek.
The SBMWD distributes more than 16.66 billion gallons of water to over
151,000 residents in the City. The Department produces over 497 gallons
per capita per day with the average consumption use reaching 330 gallons
1 City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department, Urban Water Management Plan
Update for the planning period 2000-2020, January 2002.
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
per capita per day. The distribution system includes approximately 551
miles of water mains, 41,317 active water meters and over 4,000 fire
hydrants. SBMWD facilities also include 60 active wells, 4 treatment
plants with capacity of 50 million gallons per day, 32 reservoirs with a
total capacity of more than 100 MG of domestic storage water capacity, 27
chlorination facilities, and 66 booster pump stations.
An important aspect of our water program is conservation and recycling
and it is discussed in two places within this Plan: recycled water is
addressed above while water conservation is detailed in Chapter 13,
Energy and Water Conservation.
Goal 9.3 Provide water supply, transmission, distribution,
storage, and treatment facilities to meet present and
future water demands in a timely and cost effective
manner.
Policies:
9.3.1 Provide for the construction of upgraded and expanded
water supply, transmission, distribution, storage, and
treatment facilities to support existing and new
development. (LU-l)
9.3.2 Maintain and replace existing water supply, transmission,
distribution, storage systems, and treatment facilities as
necessary.
9.3.3 Require adequate water supply, transmission, distribution,
storage, and treatment facilities to be operational prior to
the issuance of certificates of occupancy. (LU-1)
9.3.4 Monitor the demands on the water system and, as
necessary, manage development to mitigate impacts and/or
facilitate improvements.
9.3.5 Impose limits on new water hook-ups, if necessary, to
comply with available domestic water supply.
9.3.6 Request the Board of Water Commissioners to evaluate the
Water System Master Plan, as necessary, to accurately
determine which water facilities will be needed to serve
present and future growth in the City.
City of San Bernardino
9-11
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9-12
City of San Bernardino
--
Water" Service Area Boundries
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure U-2
9 Utilities
San Bernardino's planning area encompasses 70 square miles, much of
which is paved and impervious to stormwater. When it rains, thousands of
gallons of water, as well as trash, oil, and other pollutants travel through
the storm drain system. It is our responsibility to minimize the effects of
storm water and urban runoff pollution. Diligence is necessary because,
unlike sewage, which goes to treatment plants, urban runoff flows
untreated through the storm drain system. Anything thrown, swept, or
poured into the street, gutter, or a catch basin (the curbside openings that
lead into the storm drain system) flows directly into channels, rivers, and
eventually the ocean.
Water pollution is of national importance and the federal Clean Water Act
established the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit program to address the problem. The Clean Water Act
requires that cities "effectively prohibit non-stormwater discharges into
the storm sewers" and "require controls to reduce the discharge of
pollutants to the maximum extent practicable." Cities are now required to
obtain NPDES permits to discharge their storm water into the storm drains
and implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) on new construction
in order to prevent illegal discharges to storm drains and runoff from
construction sites, restaurants, outdoor storage sites, and industrial areas.
Also see additional related discussion and policies in Chapter 10, Safety.
Flooding is also a very real issue in San Bernardino. We need to be aware
of the potential for floods from our mountain canyons and streams and
from urban runoff. To prevent flooding ofthe City, the capacity of the
storm drain system must consistently be evaluated and improved as
needed. Storm drains and flood control facilities within the City include:
channels, storm drains, street waterways, natural drainage courses, dams,
basins, and levees. Storm drain and flood control facilities in the planning
area are administered by four different entities:
. City of San Bernardino (Public Works and Public Services
Departments);
. San Bernardino County Flood Control District;
. Army Corps of Engineers; and
. San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center.
City of San Bernardino
9-15
9-16
Systems administered by each of these agencies incorporate both natural
and man-made elements.
Design and construction of storm drain and flood control facilities are the
responsibility of the City Public Works Department. The Public Services
Department is responsible for the operation and maintenance of storm
drain and flood control facilities.
Goal 9.4 Provide appropriate storm drain and flood control
m_______________l~~il!!i_~~_"""!!.e:r~__~_~~_~~_~_~f}'. __________m_m_____ ___________________
Policies:
9.4.1
Ensure that adequate storm drain and flood control facilities
are provided in a timely manner to protect life and property
from flood hazards.
9.4.2
Upgrade and expand storm drain and flood control facilities
to eliminate deficiencies and protect existing and new
development.
9.4.3
Maintain existing storm drain and flood control facilities.
9.4.4
Require that adequate storm drain and flood control
facilities be in place prior to the issuance of certificates of
occupancy. Where construction of master planned facilities
is not feasible, the Mayor and Common Council may
permit the construction of interim facilities sufficient to
protect present and short-term future needs. (LU-l)
9.4.5
Implement flood control improvements that maintain the
integrity of significant riparian and other environmental
habitats.
9.4.6
Minimize the disturbance of natural water bodies and
natural drainage systems. (LU-I)
9.4.7
Develop San Bernardino's flood control system for multi-
purpose uses, whenever practical and financially feasible.
9.4.8
Minimize the amount of impervious surfaces in conjunction
with new development. (LU-I)
9.4.9
Develop and implement policies for adopting Sustainable
Stormwater Management approaches that rely on
City of San Bernardino
9.4.10
9.4.11
9 Utilities
infiltration of stormwater into soils over detention basins or
channels. Sustainable Stormwater Management techniques
include use of pervious pavements, garden roofs, and
bioswales to treat stormwater, and reusing stormwater for
non-potable water uses such as landscape irrigation and
toilet/urinal flushing. (LU-I)
Ensure compliance with the Federal Clean Water Act
requirements for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits, including requiring the
development of Water Quality Management Plans, Erosion
and Sediment Control Plans, and Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plans for all qualifying public and private
development and significant redevelopment in the City.
(LU-1 )
Implement an urban runoff reduction program consistent
with regional and federal requirements, which includes
requiring and encouraging the following examples of Best
Management Practices (BMPs) in all developments:
. Increase permeable areas, install filtration controls
(including grass lined swales and gravel beds), and
divert flow to these permeable areas to allow more
percolation of runoff into the ground;
. Use natural drainage, detention ponds, or infiltration
pits to collect and filter runoff;
. Prevent rainfall from entering material and waste
storage areas and pollution-laden surfaces; and
. Require new development and significant
redevelopment to utilize site preparation, grading, and
other BMPs that provide erosion and sediment control
to prevent construction-related contaminants from
leaving the site and polluting waterways. (LU-1)
Solid waste collection within much ofthe City and a portion of the
unincorporated planning area is provided by the City's Department of
Public Services. Solid waste collection in the remainder of the planning
area is provided by private haulers through franchise agreements with the
County. Solid waste collected in the planning area is disposed of at
landfills in Colton and Fontana owned and operated by the County of San
Bernardino.
City of San Bernardino
9-17
9-18
When the Colton and Mid Valley Landfill eventually close, solid waste
generated in the City will be transported to the San Timoteo Landfill also
owned and operated by the County of San Bernardino. The Mid-Valley
Landfill is projected to have approximately 40 years of capacity left.
Regional planning for solid waste issues is conducted by the San
Bernardino County Solid Waste Advisory Committee governed by the
County Solid Waste Management Plan. The City has a representative
serving on the Solid Waste Advisory Committee. Any future solid waste
facilities, such as transfer stations and/or landfills, must be incorporated in
the County Solid Waste Management Plan.
California State Mandated Solid Waste
Diversion
As landfills reach their capacities and new landfill sites become
increasingly difficult to establish, the need to reduce solid waste
generation is critical. State law currently requires that local jurisdictions
divert at least 50% of their solid waste from landfills through
conservation, recycling, and composting. Like all California communities,
the City of San Bernardino is required to comply with State regulations.
The challenge for San Bernardino, as well as communities throughout the
state, is to continue to find diversion, recycling, and reuse strategies
instead of relying on sanitary landfills as the primary method of managing
solid waste. As the region grows, it becomes more difficult to site or
expand landfills due to the unpopularity of these types offacilities.
-- -- .... ..---.-.------...- ...... ._...___.._.........._n_____..._........____n._........._......____..____~___........_____._..,._______.._.._.___._ ... .......__....__._._._..___.__......___..h..._....__._____..........
Goal 9.5
Provide an adequate and orderly system for the
collection and disposal of solid waste to meet the
demands of new and existing developments in the
g~t)':_______________________ __ _ _ _______ __ _________ __ __ ______________
Policies:
9.5.1
Install and maintain public trash receptacles along
incorporated City streets in commercial areas and along
major arterials.
9.5.2
Provide regular street sweeping.
9.5.3
Continue to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be
disposed of in area landfills, to conserve energy resources,
and be consistent with the County Solid Waste
Management Plan and State law.
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
9.5.4 Continue to support implementation of regional recycling
programs through participation in the County Solid Waste
Advisory Committee, the County Solid Waste Management
Plan, and appropriate State programs.
9.5.5 Develop and participate in local recycling programs.
9.5.6 Develop and implement a program of public education
regarding the benefits of recycling.
Electrical service in the planning area is provided by the Southern
California Edison Company (SCE). SCE owns, operates, and maintains
both above ground and underground facilities in the planning area. Most
ofSCE's facilities are located in the street right-of-way. SCE will extend
electrical service into unserved areas pursuant to SCE's current Rules and
Rates. The efficient use of energy and the building design/construction of
buildings with energy efficiency in mind are vital to our future. Please see
Chapter 13, Energy and Water Conservation, for relative discussion and
policies.
Goal 9.6
Ensure an adequate, safe, and orderly supply of
electrical energy is available to support existing and
. fl1t.LJ~ElICl~cjLJ~El~_\'\Ii!~i~..~~~_.S:;.i!Y?~..Cl...P~?j.El~!JEl"'ElI:. __........
Policies:
9.6.1 Require that approval of new development be contingent
upon the ability to be served with adequate electrical
facilities. (LU-l)
9.6.2 Underground utilities, including on-site electrical utilities
and connections to distribution facilities, unless such
undergrounding is proven infeasible. (U-2)
9.6.3 Provide adequate illumination of all streets, alleys (under
special conditions), and public areas; upgrading areas that
are deficient and maintaining lighting fixtures in good
working order.
9.6.4 Require improvements to the existing street light system
and/or new street light systems necessitated by a new
development proposal be funded by that development.
City of San Bernardino
9-19
9.6.5 Encourage and promote the use of energy-efficient (U.S.
Department of Energy "Energy Star" or equivalent)
lighting fixtures, light bulbs, and compact fluorescent bulbs
in residences, commercial, and public buildings, as well as
in traffic signals and signs where feasible. (LU-l)
Natural gas service is provided by the Southern California Gas Company.
The gas company owns, operates, and maintains underground gas lines in
most of the public streets. Extension of service is based on the initiation of
a service contract whose policies and extension rules are on file with the
California Public Utilities Commission.
--.-..-..---...........-.........---.......------.....-.-.....-..-------------_._--_.__._--_.__._._._._..._._.._-_..--_._-~......-...._._,._---~---_..._-_._--
Goal 9.7 Ensure an adequate supply of natural gas is available
to support existing and future land uses within the City
....._.__.___.__~_~Er~t~~!l~y~~.._______._.._..__._.______..._..___.........
Policies:
9.7.1 Work with the Southern California Gas Company to ensure
that adequate natural gas facilities are available to meet the
demands of existing and new developments.
9.7.2 Require that all new development served by natural gas
install on-site pipeline connections to distribution facilities
underground, unless such undergrounding is infeasible due
to significant environmental or other constraints. (U-2)
Telephone and Cable Television Service
Telecommunications is defined as communicating audio, video, and data
from one point to another. Since telecommunications includes voice, data,
and image transmission, this section includes policies relating to
telephones (voice transmission), fiber optics (data), and cable television
(data and image). Telephone service in San Bernardino is provided by
General Telephone (GTE) and Pacific Bell. GTE serves the majority of
the planning area with Pacific Bell serving Highland, RiaIto, and Colton
areas.
Pacific Bell and GTE are regulated by the California Public Utilities
Commission (PUC). Telephone service to unserved portions ofthe
9-20
City of San Bernardino
9 Utilities
planning area will be extended pursuant to the phone companies' current
rules and regulations subject to any tariffs on file with the PUC.
Cable Television is not legally classified as a "utility" and is not regulated
by the California PUc. Consequently, regulation of cable television is the
responsibility of local jurisdictions. The City's Telecommunications
Division is responsible for franchise supervision and negotiation, in
addition to subscriber complaint resolution. Each of the cable providers
has been interlinked with the Telecommunications Division equipment for
emergency broadcasts. Adelphia Cable, Mountain Shadows Cable, and
Charter Communications Cable channels service the City of San
Bernardino and surrounding communities.
Goal 9.8
Ensure the operation and maintenance of
telecommunications systems to support existing and
f~!_~~~I~~~__~_s.~~_"YJ!~!~J~_~__g!!~:_________________________
Policies:
9.8.1 Provide for the continued development and expansion of
telecommunications systems including cable and, as
feasible, fiber optics, for entertainment, education, culture,
information access, two-way communication between
government and residents and businesses, and other similar
purposes.
9.8.2 Require that all new developments underground
telecommunication facilities, unless such undergrounding is
infeasible due to significant environmental or other
constraints. (U-2)
9.8.3 Cooperate wit.h, and encourage public utilities to provide a
fiber optics network in the City that is linked to regional
systems.
Use of geothermal resources results in substantial energy savings and
generates revenue for the City. Approximately 90 to 100 geothermal wells
and springs have been identified in the San Bernardino area. The
geothermal wells and springs are concentrated in the Commerce Center,
Central City, and the Tri-City areas (Figure U-3).
City of San Bernardino
9-21
An example of a geothermal well
in San Bernardino. Source: City of
San Bernardino Website.
9-22
The San Bernardino Municipal Water Department (SBMWD) is operating
two (2) geothermal production wells which can pump 4,300,000 gallons of
hot water per day. The usable supply of geothermal water, however, is
much greater that what is currently used.
The SBMWD uses geothermal resources to provide heat to a number of
City, County, and State agencies, as well as private businesses. Use of
geothermal heat is resulting in a savings of 30% to 50% for winter heating
bills for City residents.
-.-..-.-----..--.--.----------.-..-...---.---.----.-....--._...__._-----~_._----.__._--------*_.._------_.
Goal 9.9 Use the City's available geothermal resources as an
.....___._._..~I~E}rn~!~~E}..!9_'!_~~~! g'!.~_~_nd_~~ctricity. _______
Policies:
9.9.1 Provide for the continued development and expansion of
geothermal energy distribution lines. (U-3)
Provide public funding to expand the existing geothermal
production and distribution system. (U-3)
9.9.2
Promote the use of geothermal resources particularly in the
South San Bernardino Area
City of San Bernardino
Geothermal Resources
o
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Wi1H11H11 Geothermal Resource Area
Source: "Resown Investigation of Low and Moderate
Temperature Geothennal Areas in SILO lkrnardino. California.~
Augwt 1981, California Oivilion of Mines and Geology Opm
Fil. R<pon 82-11 SAC.
IT] City of San Bernardino Municipal Water
Department Geothermal Well
N Distribution Line
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The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure U-3
9 Utilities
The City's responsibilities not only pertain to its ability to provide services
at appropriate levels, they also necessitate the exploration of ways to fund
existing and future facilities to keep pace with the City's growth.
Ensuring that appropriate financing mechanisms are in place is one way
we can plan for the infrastructure needs of the future.
Goal 9.10
....._......_._________.__._._._._._......_"..._n.__n..____......._n....___.___._'_'''''_ ..... .....___....__.___._..._....._.__.__..__.____._......________._.--~...~------------.---.-_.....-
Policies:
9.10.1
9.10.2
9.10.3
9.10.4
9.10.5
Ensure that the costs of infrastructure improvements
are borne those who benefit.
Require that new development proposals bear the cost to
improve wastewater collection and treatment facilities,
water supply transmission, distribution, storage, and
treatment facilities, and storm drain and flood control
facilities as necessitated by the proposed project. This shall
be accomplished either through the payment of fees, or by
the actual construction of the improvements. (LV-I)
Collect adequate amounts of fees and charges to fund the
operation/maintenance of existing facilities and to construct
new facilities.
Review utility, capacity, and infrastructure fees, as well as
development, acquisition of service, and monthly service
charges on an annual basis to ensure that adequate amounts
of fees and charges are collected to fund the operation/
maintenance of existing facilities and to construct new
facilities.
Provide public funding support for expansion and
upgrading of public utilities and infrastructure when
improvements will provide substantial public benefit to the
City.
Allow the formation of benefit assessment districts and
community facilities districts, where appropriate, in which
those who benefit from specific improvements pay a pro
rata share of the costs.
City of San Bernardino
9-25
This page intentionally left blank
9-26
City of San Bernardino
chapter 10. SAFETY
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Chapter 10. Safety
INTRODUCTION
San Bernardino has seen more than its fair share of disaster; from fires, to
floods, to earthquakes. Reducing exposure to these threats and protecting
the health, safety, and welfare of our community is a fundamental role of
City government. It is increasingly important that the City of San
Bernardino maintain programs that provide an effective response to public
safety concerns. The Safety Element assesses natural and man-made
hazards present in the community and includes policies to address those
hazards.
Purpose
This element specifically addresses the way in which the City will prepare
and respond to fire hazards, geologic, and seismic hazards, and flood
hazards. The Safety Element provides background information related to
each issue and identifies hazard locations within the City, risk-reduction
strategies, and hazard abatement measures that can ultimately be used by
decision-makers in their review of projects. Policies also address ways to
minimize any economic disruption and accelerate the City's recovery
following a disaster.
Relationship to Other Elements
Critical relationships exist between the Safety Element and other General
Plan Elements. The types and locations of land uses identified in the Land
Use Element are influenced and regulated by the locations of natural
hazards, while emergency evacuation routes and locations of critical
facilities can be influenced by the goals and policies identified in the
Circulation Element. The Public Facilities Element identifies the services
available to the City, such as the Police and Fire Departments, to aid in the
response to hazards and disasters identified in this Element.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - SBC-15 Ch 10 Safety. doc
10 Safety
10-1
Relationship to Other Documents
Federal, State, and local regulations and policies such as the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the California Government Code,
and the San Bernardino Municipal Code regulate and/or influence land use
and development in the City. Not only do they help to protect the health,
safety, and welfare of our residents, visitors and businesses by ensuring
that proper analyses are conducted, sound construction practices are
implemented, and uses are appropriately sited within the City, they can
also help to minimize the recovery time experienced after the occurrence
of a disaster.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
The Safety Element builds upon the City's Vision of "Creating
Opportunities for the Future" for its residents. People re-invest in their
communities ifthey believe there are opportunities present to enhance
their local environment. As such, a safe community can help to attract
new businesses and residents. The Safety Element is responsive to our
Vision because it represents our desires to:
.
Establish the appropriate infrastructure and facilities to protect the
health, safety, and welfare of the City's businesses, visitors, and
residents;
.
Enhance the City's image by providing a safe place to live, work,
and play;
.
Effectively respond to natural and man-made hazards and
disasters; and
.
Minimize any economic disruption and accelerate the City's
recovery following a disaster.
10-2
City of San Bernardino
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies related to safety in the City
of San Bernardino:
Hazardous materials are any materials that, because of their quantity,
concentration, physical or chemical characteristics, pose a significant
present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the
environment if released into the environment.
The regulatory responsibility of hazardous waste in the City of San
Bernardino belongs primarily to the San Bernardino County Department
of Environmental Health. Hazardous waste falls into four general
categories of materials that have some distinct characteristics in the types
of danger they present. These include materials that are:
. toxic
. explosive
. reactive
. corrOSIve
The City's goals and policies for hazardous materials and uses are
designed to ensure the protection ofthe public health, safety, and welfare,
and environmental resources in the City. Planning practices emphasize
waste reduction, recycling, proper management of hazardous materials,
siting of facilities, and effective emergency response.
1. Hazardous Waste Management Plan
Hazardous waste and materials are stored, treated, and transported in the
City. As a result, the City implements a Hazardous Waste Management
Plan to ensure that these materials are handled properly. There are
processes in the preparation ofthe hazardous waste management plan that
include the assessment of the risk involved in dealing with hazardous
waste, which allows the City to make decisions on the level of risk it is
willing to accept.
The most comprehensive State legislation dealing with hazardous waste
materials is the Tanner Act (AB2498), adopted in 1986. Because of the
Tanner Act, the State Department of Health Services provides regulations
and procedures for hazardous waste materials operations and assists
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
Our Hazardous Materials team
in training. Source: City of San
Bernardino Website.
10-3
10-4
counties with guidelines and funding for the preparation and adoption of
local hazardous waste management plans. The preparation oflocal
management plans in southern California is coordinated on a regional
basis with the Southern California Hazardous Waste Management
Authority.
The San Bernardino County Fire Department is responsible for
implementing the County Hazardous Waste Management Plan in the City
of San Bernardino. Adopted in the early 1990's, this plan established
regulations at the local level for the creation, storage, and handling of
hazardous waste material. The management plan provides the following
components:
. Planning process for waste management
. Permit process for new and expanded facilities
. Appeal process to the State for certain local decisions
The plan pertains to most of San Bernardino County and is included as an
element in the County's General Plan.
Various departments in the City review plans for new development,
including hazardous waste generators that might use the City sewer system
for disposal of waste products. These departments are in a position to
identify potential hazardous waste generators and advise them of the
permits required prior to operation.
Goal 10.1
Protect the environment, public health, safety, and
welfare from hazardous wastes.
Policies:
10.1.1
Employ effective emergency preparedness and emergency
response strategies to minimize the impacts from hazardous
materials emergencies, such as spills or contamination.
10.1.2
Ensure the protection of surface and groundwater quality,
land resources, air quality, and environmentally sensitive
areas through safe transportation of waste through the City
and comprehensive planning of hazardous materials,
wastes, and sites.
10.1.3
Execute long-range planning programs to protect resources
and the public from the potential impacts that could be
created by the use, storage, transport, and disposal of
hazardous waste and materials.
City of San Bernardino
10.1.4 Continue to support the role that the Fire and the Police
Departments play in the on-site identification of hazardous
wastes and emergency response to hazardous waste
accidents in cooperation with the County Department of
Environmental Health Services.
2. Hazardous Waste Operations
The State Department of Health Services requires permits for the use,
storage or disposal of hazardous substances. The permit categories range
from the use of solvents and flammable material in the ordinary repair of
automobiles to the treatment or handling of hazardous wastes in large
quantities over prolonged periods of time. Operations that involve the
treatment of hazardous wastes or storage over long periods of time require
the issuance of a special permit by the State Department of Health
Services. As indicated, the County Hazardous Waste Management Plan is
refining permit criteria and standards that will vest the permit process to
the State.
There are several approved hazardous waste management companies
offering managing services to other companies in the City of San
Bernardino for the treatment, disposal or storage of hazardous material.
These companies have either received a permit or have been granted
interim status by the State of California pending review of the facilities for
compliance with federal and State regulations.
80a110.2
Promote proper operations of hazardous waste
facilities and ensure regulations applicable to these
facilities are enforced.
Policies:
10.2.1
Require the proper handling, treatment, movement, and
disposal of hazardous materials and hazardous waste.
10.2.2
Encourage businesses to utilize practices and technologies
that will reduce the generation of hazardous wastes at the
source.
10.2.3
Implement federal, state, and local regulations for the
disposal, handling, and storage of hazardous materials.
10.2.4
Work with the Department of Environmental Health
Services to promote waste minimization, recycling, and use
of best available technology in City businesses.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
10-5
10.2.5 Participate in the process of selecting routes that are the
most acceptable for the safe transportation of hazardous
waste material within the City limits. Streets with high
concentrations of people, such as the downtown, or with
sensitive facilities, such as schools and parks, should be
avoided to the maximum extent possible.
3. Household Hazardous Waste
Hazardous materials are even in our homes. Many people don't realize it,
but there are several common household items that are considered
hazardous including medications, paint, motor oil, antifreeze, auto
batteries, lawn care products, pest control products, drain cleaners, pool
care products such as chlorine and acids, and household cleaners. These
materials need to be used, stored, and disposed of in a safe and proper
manner. When used properly, hazardous materials are normally not a
problem. When used improperly, the results can be devastating. For
example, some household cleaners may be harmful separately or when
combined, such as ammonia and bleach. Flames caused by mixed
household hazardous wastes improperly disposed of in curbside trash bins
have injured City workers.
City residents can take household hazardous waste to the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center (2824 East W Street, Bldg. 302) to
properly dispose of household hazardous materials.
Goal 10.3
Minimize risk of injuries or damages caused by
household hazardous wastes.
10.3.1
Conduct educational programs to educate the public about
the proper handling and disposal of household hazardous
wastes.
10.3.2
Enforce the proper disposal of Household Hazardous
Wastes.
There are numerous sites in the City that have historically been subject to
the disposal of hazardous waste and have likely contaminated the
underlying groundwater. These sites may present an imminent danger to
surrounding areas. They are polluting the groundwater and in many
specific instances, they are polluting wells within the City. The pollution
10-6
City of San Bernardino
ofthe City's water system and the systems of other jurisdictions is a
potentially serious health problem that warrants special attention and
treatment.
Related to the issue of groundwater protection is the issue of minimizing
the effects of storm water and urban runoff pollution (SWURP). Not only
does storm water runoff affect local groundwater, it has the potential to
impact neighboring jurisdictions and the region. Unlike sewage, which
goes to treatment plants, urban runoff flows untreated through the storm
drain system. Anything thrown, swept or poured into the street, gutter or a
catch basin (the curbside openings that lead into the storm drain system)
can flow directly into our waterways. The problem is particularly acute
during heavy rains, but can be a problem at any time due to the improper
disposal of products associated with home, garden, and automotive
maintenance.
Water pollution is of national importance and the federal Clean Water Act
established the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit program to address the problem. The Clean Water Act
requires that cities "effectively prohibit non-stormwater discharges into
the storm sewers" and "require controls to reduce the discharge of
pollutants to the maximum extent practicable." Cities are now required to
obtain NPDES permits to discharge their storm water into the storm drains
and implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) on new construction
in order to prevent illegal discharges to storm drains and runoff from
construction sites, restaurants, outdoor storage sites, and industrial areas.
Also see additional related discussion and policies in Chapter 9, Utilities.
Goal 1 0.4
........ ..........-..--__..............__........__..__.._._.~............_._...__.....mm__....__.........._ ....... .... ....... .. _ n_. ._n_...............
Minimize the threat of surface and subsurface water
contamination and promote restoration of healthful
g~~LJ~~~<:l!~~_E~~_~LJEc:;~~:_.__________...___._...._m__ .... ..... ____Om_om_om.
Policies:
10.4.1
Promote integrated inter-agency review and participation in
water resource evaluation and mitigation programs.
10.4.2
Protect surface water and groundwater from contamination.
10.4.3
Eliminate or remediate old sources of water contamination
generated by hazardous materials and uses.
10.4.4
Develop programs and incentives for prevention of
groundwater contamination and clean up of known
contaminated sites.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
10-7
Goal 1 0.5 Reduce urban run-off from new and existing
___________________~ ev~~~e!TIent. ________________________
Policies:
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10-8
Ensure compliance with the Federal Clean Water Act
requirements for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits, including developing and
requiring the development of Water Quality Management
Plans for all new development and significant
redevelopment in the City. (LU-1)
Continue to implement an urban runoff reduction program
consistent with regional and federal requirements, which
includes requiring and encouraging the following:
· Increase permeable areas to allow more percolation of
runoff into the ground;
· Use natural drainage, detention ponds or infiltration pits
to collect runoff;
· Divert and catch runoff using swales, berms, green strip
filters, gravel beds and French drains;
. Install rain gutters and orient them towards permeable
surfaces;
· Construct property grades to divert flow to permeable
areas;
· Use subsurface areas for storm runoff either for reuse or
to enable release of runoff at predetermined times or
rates to minimize peak discharge into storm drains;
. Use porous materials, wherever possible, for
construction of driveways, walkways and parking lots;
and
. Divert runoff away from material and waste storage
areas and pollution-laden surfaces such as parking lots.
(LU-1 )
Cooperate with surrounding jurisdictions and the County to
provide adequate storm drainage facilities.
Require new development and significant redevelopment to
utilize site preparation, grading and foundation designs that
provide erosion control to prevent sedimentation and
contamination of waterways. (LU-1)
City of San Bernardino
10.5. 5
Ensure compliance with the requirements for Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plans or Water Quality Management
Plans for all new development or construction activities.
10.5.6
Coordinate with appropriate federal, state, and local
resource agencies on development projects and
construction activities affecting waterways and drainages.
Flooding
Flooding represents a potential hazard in San Bernardino, especially at the
base of the mountains and foothills. This section addresses the risks of
flooding due to the natural topography, rainfall, and runoff of the City.
The IOO-year floodplain within the City, as currently defined by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate maps, is
depicted on Figure S-l. FEMA periodically updates these maps so please
contact the Development Services Department for the most recent
information. The lOO-year floodplain is confined to storm channels,
debris basins, and between levees with a few minor exceptions. A few
areas, including the Base Line Street and Sterling A venue area, Mountain
View Avenue and Electric Avenue area, and south of Redlands Boulevard,
east of Hunts Lane, are identified as low areas within the lOO-year
floodplain.
Storm drains and flood control facilities within the City include: channels,
storm drains, street waterways, natural drainage courses, dams, basins, and
levees. Some streets in the City of San Bernardino are specifically
designed to accommodate storm flow. Flows carried within the street
right-of-way may cause localized flooding during storms, possibly making
some roads impassable during the storm event.
Storms are not the only cause of flooding within our City. Basements and
underground utility vaults may also experience flooding in areas between
the Santa Ana River and downtown due to the City's existing high
groundwater table.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
100- Year Floodplain:
Land that is subject to
flooding by the 100-year
flood or lands within the
floodable elevation that has
a one percent chance of
being equaled or exceeded
each year.
500- Year Floodplain:
Land that has the potential
to be flooded in a storm that
has a 0.2 percent chance of
occurrmg every year.
10-9
Dam Inundation:
The release of flood waters
to downstream areas caused
by dam failure.
Seven Oaks Dam
Source: Army Corps of
En~ineers Website
10-10
Dam Inundation
Flood inundation resulting from the failure of the Seven Oaks Dam is a
potential hazard for the City of San Bernardino. General limits of flood
hazards to San Bernardino due to the dam failure of Seven Oaks Dam are
shown on Figure S-2, Seven Oaks Dam Inundation Map.
The Seven Oaks Dam is located in unincorporated San Bernardino County
northeast of the City of Highland. The Seven Oaks Dam is a feature of the
Santa Ana River Mainstream Project. A study showed that storage of dam
floodwater would provide a minimum average of about 10,000 acre-feet of
water per year. The dam was designed to resist an earthquake measuring
8.0 on the Richter scale, with any point able to sustain a displacement of
four feet without causing any overall structural damage.
Goal 10.6
Protect the lives and properties of residents and
.__",l~~!~E_~ o!~_~_~_Qi!YJ.r.om !Igod _ hazc:J.r.~~_________________
Policies:
10.6.1
Maintain flood control systems and restrict development to
minimize hazards due to flooding.
10.6.2
Use natural watercourses as the City's primary flood
control channels whenever feasible.
10.6.3
Keep natural drainage courses free of obstructions.
10.6.4
Evaluate all development proposals located in areas that are
subject to flooding to minimize the exposure oflife and
property to potential flood risks.
10.6.5
Prohibit land use development and/or the construction of
any structure intended for human occupancy within the
100-year flood plain as mapped by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) unless adequate mitigation
is provided against flood hazards.
10.6.6
Encourage new development to utilize and enhance
existing natural streams, as feasible.
10.6.7
Utilize flood control methods that are consistent with
Regional Water Quality Control Board Policies and Best
Management Practices (BMPs).
City of San Bernardino
10.6.8
10.6.9
10.6.10
10.6.11
10.6.12
10 Safety
Review development proposals for projects within the
City's Sphere of Influence and encourage the County to
disapprove any project that cannot be protected with an
adequate storm drain system.
Ensure major drains in developed areas have a pipeline
capacity to comply with the Flood Control District's
Comprehensive Storm Drain Plans for development of the
City's storm drain system.
Design local drains in foothill areas to convey 25-year
storm flows where downstream systems are lacking and
street systems are not present.
Design major drains in foothill to convey 100-year flows
within a pipe or channel areas where downstream systems
are lacking and street systems are not present.
Develop a process to study flooding issues and create
appropriate regulations. This could include the creation of
"alluvial districts," local quasi-government entities
designed to inform homeowners of flood risks as well as
advise the floodplain land use decisions of the City.
City of San Bernardino
10-11
This page intentionally left blank
10-12
City of San Bernardino
100- Year Flood Plain
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Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Rate Maps
Date: 1990
o
10,000'
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure 5-1
-
Seven Oaks Dam Inundation
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Source: u.s. Army Corps 01 Engineers
Note: The Inundated areas shown on this map reHect
events of an extremely remote nature. These results
are not in any way intended to rellect upon the integrity
01 the Seven Oaks Dem. Flooded areas shown are based
on dam /allure at lull pool eleva~on 2,580 leet, NGVD.
o Limit of Flooded Area with Dam Failure
r'-'-'-" .
L......J City Boundary
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The Gty of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure S- 2
San Bernardino is surrounded by earthquake faults. Two of the most
notorious faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults, run through our
City. Consequently, the potential for fault rupture, strong ground shaking,
landslides, and liquefaction is high. These geologic and seismic hazards
can affect the structural integrity of buildings and utilities, and, in turn,
cause severe property damage and potential loss ofIife.
The City's policies and programs for geologic/seismic hazards are
intended to reduce death, injuries, damage to property, and economic and
social dislocation due to seismic events, as well as to enhance our
preparedness to survive, respond to, and recover from a major earthquake
or geologic disaster.
Effective implementation of seismic policies requires a continuing
awareness of the seismic hazards affecting our City; strong, enforceable
seismic standards for the siting, design, and review of proposed
development; and progressive City-wide programs for disaster
preparedness and recovery planning.
1. Fault Zones
San Bernardino is criss-crossed by numerous earthquake faults [Figure S-
3 shows known regional earthquake faults located within the City. Figure
8-3 also shows the locations of questionable faults as identified in a
geologic hazards study for the California Division of Mines and Geology
(CDMG)].
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
California Seismic Hazards
Mapping Act
The goal of the Seismic
Hazards Mapping Act of 1990
is to minimize loss of life and
property by identifying and
mitigating seismic hazards.
The Act addresses non-
surface fault rupture
earthquake hazards, including
strong ground shaking,
liquefaction, and seismically
induced landslides. The State
agency charged with
implementation of the Act is
the California Geological
Survey (CGS). The CGS
prepares and provides local
governments with seismic
hazard zone maps that
identify areas susceptible to
amplified shaking,
liquefaction, earthquake-
induced landslides, and other
ground failures. The seismic
hazard zones delineated by
the CGS are referred to as
"zones of required
investigation" because site-
specific geological
investigations are required for
construction projects located
within these areas.
10-17
Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zoning
Act
The main purpose of the
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Act is to
prevent the construction of
buildings used for human
occupancy on the surface
trace of active faults. The
Act focuses on the hazards
associated with surface
fault rupture and does not
address other earthquake
hazards.
10-18
San Bernardino is located between several active fault zones including:
the San Andreas Fault, the San Jacinto Fault, the Glen Helen Fault, and the
Lorna Linda Fault. Each ofthese faults is classified as Alquist Priolo
Special Study Zones under the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning
Act. The CDMG has designated certain faults within the planning area as
part ofthe State of California Alquist-Priolo Special Study Zones. These
zones extend parallel to and extend from approximately 200 to 500 feet
from designated faults.
Site-specific geologic reports are required for development within these
Zones to determine the precise location of and any required setbacks from
any active faults. Human occupancy structures are prohibited within 50
feet of either side of an active fault.
In addition, active faults may also exist outside of the Alquist Priolo Zones
identified on any Zone map. The questionable faults shown in Figure S-3
may also represent potential areas of ground surface rupture. Although
they are not zoned as Alquist-Priolo faults, it is recommended that critical
developments proposed in these areas be subject to more detailed, on-site
analysis to make a more definite determination as to the activity levels and
locations of any faults.
2. Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a process whereby strong earthquake shaking causes
sediment layers that are saturated with groundwater to lose strength and
behave as a fluid. This subsurface process can lead to ground failure that,
in turn, can result in property damage and structural failure.
Groundwater saturation of sediments is required in order for earthquake-
induced liquefaction to occur. Groundwater depth shallower than ten feet
to the surface is considered to have the highest liquefaction susceptibility.
Groundwater ten to 30 feet below the surface is considered to have a
moderately high to moderate susceptibility. Groundwater 30 to 50 feet
deep can create a moderate to low susceptibility to liquefaction.
City of San Bernardino
-
Regional Fault Locations
o
~._.-
."..;"
,..-
,.-.-.-'
.,."
.'
N Approximate Fault Location from Alquist Priolo Special
Study Zone Maps
XX?XX Approximate Fault(s) location from Fife and Rodgers (1974)
Special California Division of Mines and Geology Report.
Question marks indicate Fault location only a possibility
requiring additional evaluation.
N Approximate location of Alquist Priolo Special Study Zones (1974)
Ill!]
o 10.000'
o
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure 5-3
Figure S-4 summarizes the general liquefaction susceptibilities for
maximum credible earthquakes occurring on the San Andreas, San
Jacinto, or Lorna Linda/Glen Helen Faults. Two general zones, "high"
and "moderately-high to moderate" are depicted, and encompass almost
the entire south end ofthe City. High zones are concentrated adjacent to
the San Andreas Fault zone north and northeast of the City and in the old
artesian area between the San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults in the
central and southern parts of the City. In general, the old artesian area will
continue to experience the greatest groundwater fluctuations.
These zones delineate regional susceptibility and can vary greatly due to
groundwater level changes. Site-specific geotechnical reports are
necessary to determine site-specific liquefaction potential and possible
design mitigation.
Goal 10.7
Protect life, essential lifelines, and property from
__99~~.lJJE:l!E:l~LJI!illg!~t?~__?~~?~ic_~l::!~~~t~:'_______m__________
Policies:
10.7.1
Minimize the risk to life and property through the
identification of potentially hazardous areas, establishment
of proper construction design criteria, and provision of
public information.
10.7.2
Require geologic and geotechnical investigations for new
development in areas adjacent to known fault locations and
approximate fault locations (Figure S-3) as part of the
environmental and/or development review process and
enforce structural setbacks from faults identified through
those investigations. (LU-I)
10.7.3
Enforce the requirements of the California Seismic Hazards
Mapping and Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Acts
when siting, evaluating, and constructing new projects
within the City. (LU-I)
10.7.4
Determine the liquefaction potential at a site prior to
development, and require that specific measures be taken,
as necessary, to prevent or reduce damage in an earthquake.
10.7.5
Evaluate and reduce the potential impacts ofliquefaction
on new and existing lifelines.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
Lifelines
Water, sewer, electrical, gas
facilities, and
communication and
transportation facilities that
are needed in the event of an
earthquake, flood, or other
natural disaster.
10-21
10-22
This page intentionally left blank
City of San Bernardino
Liquefaction Susceptibility
MHM
:- ~ ~ Approximate Location of Areas of
High Liquefaction Susceptibility
:-HiH~ Approximate Location of Areas of
Moderately High to Moderate
Liquefaction Susceptibility
r'-'-'-" .
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Note: Not to be used as a substitute for site-specific geotechnicalliquefacrion
induced ground failures should be addressed. Boundaries between susceptibility zones
will shift if ground water conditions raise or lower over time. Zonations based on
sub-surface geology, ground water levels, and maximum credible earthquakes on the
San Andreas Fault System, the San Jacinto Fault System and the Cucamonga Fault.
(After Matti and Carson, 1986)
gl!]
10,000'
o
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure 5-4
3. Hazardous Buildings
Ground shaking, fault rupture, or liquefaction pose threats to the
community during an earthquake. Buildings that house people or
buildings providing essential functions and services can be damaged,
imposing significant impacts to the City. Continuing advances in
engineering design and building code standards over the past decade have
greatly reduced the potential for collapse in an earthquake of most of our
new buildings. However, many of the City's buildings were built before
some of the earthquake design standards were incorporated into the
building code, and as such, the City is home to numerous unreinforced
masonry buildings, pre-cast concrete buildings, soft-story structures, and
non-ductile concrete frame buildings in need of seismic mitigation.
The California Building Code (CBC), Unreinforced Masonry Law (SB
547), Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, and the State of
California Seismic Hazards Mapping Act govern development in
potentially seismically active areas.
The CBC contains provisions to safeguard against major structural failures
or loss oflife caused by earthquakes or other geologic hazards. According
to the CBC, the City of San Bernardino is located in Seismic Zone 4, one
of five zones (0-4) mapped in the CBC to identify areas subject to varying
degrees of potential impact and frequency oflarge earthquakes. Seismic
Zone 4 is potentially subject to the highest accelerations, or changes in
speed or velocity due to seismic shaking, and has the greatest frequency of
large earthquakes.
The Unreinforced Masonry Law requires all cities and counties in Seismic
Zone 4 (CBC, 1998) to identify hazardous unreinforced masonry buildings
in their jurisdictions. Owners of such buildings must be notified of the
potential earthquake hazard, and mitigation must be performed. The
mitigation method, which may include retrofitting or demolition, is left to
the local jurisdiction.
_'~_____""__"'_,_""'u____.__._..._...._....._.___.~._.___.._..___________._______._...__._._._....__._._.___._.~____...___.____._____.....______..__.__....______...
Goal 10.8 Prevent the loss of life, serious injuries, and major
disruption caused by the collapse of or severe
_.__......________~~m.~_~!~.y_u~~~~}e .~~il<:!~~9~_~.~~_~C:l.r!~g~C:l~___
Policies:
10.8.1
Enforce the requirements of the California Seismic Hazards
Mapping and Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Acts
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
Unreinforced Masonry
Law:
The Unreinforced Masonry
Law requires cities and
counties within Seismic
Zone 4 to identify
hazardous unreinforced
masonry buildings and
consider local regulations
to abate potentially
dangerous buildings
through retrofitting or
demolition as outlined in
the State Office of Planning
and Research Guidelines.
10-25
10-26
when siting, evaluating, and constructing new projects
within the City. (LU-l)
10.8.2
Require that lifelines crossing a fault be designed to resist
the occurrence of fault rupture.
10.8.3
Adopt a program for the orderly and effective upgrading of
seismically hazardous buildings in the City for the
protection of health and safety. Compliance with the
Unreinforced Masonry Law shall include the enactment of
an effective program for seismic upgrading of unreinforced
masonry buildings within the City.
Site-specific investigation of geologic and soils conditions are the City's
primary means of hazard evaluation and an important basis for developing
effective mitigation of individual development projects through the
planning and design. Standardized reporting procedures are necessary to
assure consistency of hazard evaluation in the planning area.
Data collected for an individual development site does not necessarily
provide a complete picture of the regional geologic hazards affecting the
site. A broader data base of geologic and soils information, derived from
a variety of research, development, and excavation projects, would
provide a broader perspective and significant insights on potential
development hazards, that can be utilized on a regional scale for land use
planning.
1. Subsidence
Subsidence can be caused by natural geologic processes or by human
activity such as subsurface mining or pumping of groundwater or oil.
Historic and potential ground subsidence areas within the San Bernardino
planning area are depicted in Figure S-5. The City's historic subsidence
area was located within the thick, poorly consolidated alluvial and marsh
deposits of the old artesian area north of Lorna Linda. Potential
subsidence within this area may be as great as five to eight feet if
unreplenished groundwater is depleted from the Bunker Hill-San Timoteo
Basin. Since 1972, the San Bernardino Municipal Water District has
maintained groundwater levels from recharge to percolation basins that, in
turn, filter back into the alluvial deposits. Problems with ground
subsidence have not been identified since the groundwater recharge
program began.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
2. Landslides
General slope stability is determined by a number of factors including
slope, vegetative cover, wildfire, bedrock, soil, precipitation, and human
alteration. Slopes may be in temporary equiiibrium until one of the above
factors is modified resulting in an unstable condition and potential failure.
Slope stability studies of the San Bernardino planning area were
conducted by Morton (1974) and Miller (1979) and include general
descriptions of slope areas along with accompanying maps. Generalized
slopes are subdivided into areas oflow relief, areas of moderate relief, and
areas of high relief. Generalized landslide susceptibility in the City is
considered low to moderate. A combination of the generalized slope
categories and the generalized landslide susceptibility areas results in two
potentially hazardous zones. These zones are mapped in Figure S-6 and
include:
. Areas of low relief with low to moderate susceptibility that may
contain small-scale surficial soil slips, debris flow, and mudflows
on steep slopes.
. Areas of moderate and high relief with low to moderate
susceptibility that may contain small to large rotational slides,
debris slide, and combinations of surficial slides and flows. These
areas contain individual landslides that have been included on the
regional slope stability and landslides map.
Potential slope failures in the above areas could be hazardous to buildings,
reservoirs, roads, and utilities. Seismic shaking may also include slope
failure.
Goal 10.9 Minimize exposure to and risks from geologic
activities.
-_...._-~------_._....__.._..-.-..._~--.__...._._._.._._-_._...-..-......-..--.----.--.--.-.-....-.-.---.--....---.......-.-.--._._~.._-_._.._._._-_.._---_...._.._.._..
Policies:
10.9.1
Minimize risk to life and property by properly identifying
hazardous areas, establishing proper construction design
criteria, and distribution of public information.
10.9.2
Require geologic and geotechnical investigations in areas
of potential geologic hazards as part of environmental
and/or development review process for all new structures.
(LV-I)
City of San Bernardino
10-27
10.9.3
10-28
Require that new construction and significant alterations to
structures located within potential landslide areas (Figure
8-6) be evaluated for site stability, including potential
impact to other properties during project design and review.
(LV-I)
City of San Bernardino
Potential Subsidence Areas
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Note; Degree of subsidence dependent on groundwarer levels.
Historic subsidence may have occurred in above area.
(After Fife and others, 1976)
iI~
o 10,000'
o
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure S-S
Slope Stability and Major Landslides
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II - area of low relief
III- area of moderate relief
IV - area of high relief
a Approximate location and size of individual
landslides. Arrows illustrate predominate direction
of landslide movement.
r'-'-'-'" .
i ! CIty Boundary
~._._._..
Generalized Landslide Susceptability
b - low to moderate
Note:
-Areas lIb may contain small scale surficial soil slips, debris flows
and mudflows on steep local slopes.
-Areas IIIb and Nb may contain small to large rotational
slides, debris slides and combinations of surficial slides and flows.
II~
o 10,000'
(Source: Morron, 1974 and Miller, 1979)
o
The City of I
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure 5-6
10 Safety
The City is subject to extremely high winds, which have resulted in
significant property damage. For example, portions of roofs and block
walls have been broken and blown away and public utility structures such
as power lines and traffic signals have been damaged.
The most significant wind problems occur at the canyon mouths and
valleys extending downslope from the San Bernardino Mountains. The
highest velocities are associated with downslope canyon and Santa Ana
winds (90-100 mph).
The Santa Ana wind conditions are a reversal of the prevailing
southwesterly winds and usually occur on a region-wide basis during late
summer and early fall. Santa Ana's are dry, warm winds that flow from
the higher desert elevations in the north through the mountain passes and
canyons. As they converge through the canyons, their velocities increase.
Consequently, peak velocities are highest at the mouths of the canyons and
dissipate as they spread across the valley floor.
High winds exacerbate brush fire conditions. Of the major fires in the San
Bernardino Mountains, all have occurred during periods of high winds.
New development in the foothill areas and valleys will expose buildings
and population to significant wind hazards.
The high wind velocity and property damage potential have resulted in the
northern half of the City adjacent to the mountains being classified by the
City as a "High Wind Area" (Figure S-7). In this area of the City,
stringent conditions for the construction of buildings and public facilities
are applied. Due to various topographic conditions, wind velocities vary
throughout the City; however, building standards remain constant. A
detailed study may reveal localized wind patterns that merit different
structural standards.
Goal 1 0.1 0 Protect people and property from the adverse impacts
of winds.
Policies:
10.1 0.1
Ensure that buildings are constructed and sited to withstand
wind hazards. (LU-l)
City of San Bernardino
10-33
10-34
10.10.2
10.1 0.3
10.1 0.4
10.1 0.5
10.10.6
10.10.7
10.10.8
Require that development in the High Wind Hazard Area,
as designated on Figure S-7, be designed and constructed to
withstand extreme wind velocities. (LU-l)
Periodically review the structural design requirements for
wind in the Building Code to reflect wind conditions and
property damage experienced as well as advances to current
construction technology.
Require that structures be sited to prevent adverse
funneling of wind on-site and on adjacent properties.
Require that multi-story residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings be designed to prevent wind tunnel
affects around their base and in passageways. (LU-l)
Construct public infrastructure (lighting poles, street lights,
bridges, etc.) to withstand extreme wind velocities in High
Wind Hazard areas.
Maintain police, fire, medical, and other pertinent programs
to respond to wind-caused emergencies.
Initiate a review of the wind hazard potential as it applies to
various parts of the City and, if merited, tailor the design
standards accordingly.
City of San Bernardino
"
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Wind Hazards
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Wind Data ._._..
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r'-'-'-'] City Boundary
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\0._._._."
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-~
10,000'
o
ShAN013ERNARDINO
General Plan
I
Figure 5-7
Fires in undeveloped areas result from the ignition of accumulated brush
and woody materials, and are appropriately termed "wildland fires". Such
fires can burn large areas and cause a great deal of damage to both
structures and valuable open space land. Urban fires usually result from
sources within the structures themselves. Fire hazards of this type are
related to specific sites and structures, and availability of fire fighting
services is essential to minimize losses.
In urban areas, the effectiveness of fire protection efforts is based upon
several factors, including the age of structures, efficiency of circulation
routes that ultimately affect response times, and availability of water
resources to combat fires. In wildland areas, taking the proper
precautions, such as the use of fire resistant building materials, can protect
developed lands from fires and, therefore, reduce the potential loss of life
and property.
The City of San Bernardino is susceptible to wildland fires due to the
steep terrain and highly flammable chaparral vegetation ofthe foothills of
the San Bernardino Mountains and high winds that correspond with
seasonal dry periods. The characteristics of the San Bernardino
Mountains and winds in the area indicate that large uncontrollable fires on
a recurring basis are inevitable. Major fires have endangered the City of
numerous occasions and in several instances, have spread into the City
causing extensive damage, most recently in 2003.
City of San Bernardino
10 Safety
Foothill Fire Zone
Overlay
The San Bernardino
Development Code and
this General Plan contain
the Foothill Fire Zone
Overlay District. The
purpose of this overlay is
to mitigate the spread of
fIre, to help minimize
property damage, and
reduce the risk to the
public health and safety.
The Foothill Fire Zone
Overlay ranks areas of fIre
danger (extreme, high, and
moderate) and dictates
standards that must be met
when developing within
the overlay. Standards
address the access,
vegetation, water supply,
erosion control,
identifIcation, and design
of all new development.
This Overlay is depicted on
both the General Plan and
Zoning Maps.
10-37
The danger from wildland fires in foothill locations is increased by the
number of structures and encroachment of new development in the hillside
areas. Specific concerns include the density of development, spacing of
structures, brush clearance, building materials, access to buildings by fire
equipment, adequacy of evacuation routes, property maintenance, and
water availability. The capacity of the water systems to provide sufficient
water to fight fires is also a significant issue.
The U.S. Department of Forestry has records of wildland fires dating back
to the beginning of the 20th century. The data indicates that fires occur on
a regular basis almost every year and that very large fires occur
approximately every ten years. According to the Department of Forestry,
the large fires correspond to the age of the vegetation which, if not burned
regularly, begins to accumulate dead material that is more easily ignited
and spreads fire faster than newer growth.
Consequently, a decade can pass with few fires followed by a decade with
several large fires. The occurrence of the largest fires also corresponds to
periods of extremely high wind conditions. This was seen in 2003 Old
Waterman Canyon fire, the largest fire in recent history, which destroyed
approximately 330 residential properties, and the Panorama fire in 1980,
which destroyed 345 structures and killed four people. Many of the areas
burned during the Panorama fire were again burned in 2003.
The large fires that are spread by winds periodically approaching and
exceeding 90 to 100 miles per hour are considered uncontrollable by the
California Department of Forestry and U.S. Forest Service. Other areas in
southern California are being burned off periodically by way of controlled
burns to remove older vegetation. The controlled bum process is used
very carefully in the San Bernardino Mountains because ofthe
unpredictability and force of the winds in the area that could make
controlled bums a potential hazard.
Goal 10.11 Protect people and property from urban and wildland
fire hazards.
Policies:
10.11.1
Continue to conduct long-range fire safety planning efforts
to minimize urban and wildland fires, including
enforcement of stringent building, fire, subdivision and
other Municipal Code standards, improved infrastructure,
and mutual aid agreements with other public agencies and
the private sector. (S-2)
10-38
City of San Bernardino
10.11.2
10.11.3
10.11.4
10.11.5
10 Safety
Work with the U.S. Forest Service and private landowners
to ensure that buildings are constructed, sites are
developed, and vegetation and natural areas are managed to
minimize wildfire risks in the foothill areas of the City. (S-
3)
Require that development in the High Fire Hazard Area, as
designated on the Fire Hazards Areas Map (Figure S-8) be
subject to the provisions ofthe Hillside Management
Overlay District (HMOD) and the Foothill Fire Zones
Overlay. (LV-I)
Study the potential acquisition of private lands for
establishment of greenbelt buffers adjacent to existing
development, where such buffers cannot be created by new
subdivision.
Continue to require that all new construction and the
replacement of 50% and greater of the roofs of existing
structures use fire retardant materials. (LV-l and S-3)
Advance preparation for potential disasters can prevent severe loss of life
and property from catastrophic events. The proper preparations improve
the City's ability to respond to emergency situations created by these
occurrences.
Preparation, however, is only the first step in the management of hazards
and disasters. Once a disaster has occurred, the capability ofthe City to
respond to the situation at hand affects how .quickly the City can recover
from impacts.
1. Emergency Management Plan
The City of San Bernardino Emergency Plan details the functional
responsibilities and interactions of the federal, state, and local
governmental agencies as well as private organizations in the event of
natural and/or human-related disasters. Included within the natural
disaster category are earthquakes, geologic hazards, floods, and fires.
Potential human-related disasters include hazardous materials incident,
nuclear attack, and transportation-related accidents.
City of San Bernardino
10-39
Within the Emergency Management Plan, potential hazards are described,
the possible effects delineated, and recommended mitigations are
discussed where applicable. Post-disaster aid, reconstruction, and
financial assistance are also discussed.
2. Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Planning
The San Bernardino City Fire Department has a Hazardous Materials
Response Team specially trained and equipped to handle hazardous
materials releases that have adverse effects on lives, the environment, and
property within the City of San Bernardino. A release is any spilling,
leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting,
escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment, unless
permitted or authorized by a regulatory agency.
If the fire and police departments determine that an incident requires
special expertise and equipment, they may request assistance from the
Countywide Haz Mat Team of the County Environmental Health
Department. The Haz Mat Team includes a minimum of two fire
specialists and two environmental health specialists who perform hazard
identification, risk assessment, and actual control measures. Haz Mat is a
cooperative organization structure that is intended to bring the maximum
available equipment and special expertise to any given emergency
situation.
10-40
City of San Bernardino
o
o
o
F ire Hazard Areas
!.......
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Wmm:il Moderate Fire Hazard Area
....../ City High Fire Hazard Line
. .
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:..........
g~
o 10,000'
(Source: Ciry of San Bernardino)
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure 5-8
10 Safety
Goal 10.12 Ensure the availability and effective response of
~m ~mf!1~~9~':l~\{s~~ig~.~...i':lt~~m~~~m':l!m~!~~ d i~m~~!~~:mmmm__mmmmmmm_
Policies:
10.12.1
10.12.2
10.12.3
10.12.4
10.12.5
10.12.6
Maintain a functional City emergency response plan that
addresses all hazards.
Foster and participate in ongoing emergency preparedness
and response training programs.
Enhance emergency preparedness through the
implementation of community education and self~help
programs. (S-4)
Prevent serious damage and injuries through effective
hazard mitigation.
Maintain mutual aid agreements with neighboring cities
and the County of San Bernardino and develop partnerships
to respond to disaster with other emergency relief
organizations.
Ensure that sensitive uses, such as the University and other
public uses that accommodate many occupants, have
adequate access to allow emergency personnel to access the
site in the event of an emergency.
Goal 10.13 Prepare the City for effective response to facilitate
_m~mmmmmmmmm~mmm~mL~Ei(L~~m~~_f!~m~!iYm~!~g~\,f.~~ fO!~<?m~i.':l~_9J~~~!~~~':'~_mmm_m_mm~
Policies:
10.13.1
10.13.2
Establish and maintain a rapid damage assessment
capability through the formation of damage assessment
strategies that are applied by the appropriate City Staff or
inspection personnel.
Develop programs, options, and procedures to promote the
rapid reconstruction of the City following a disaster, and to
facilitate a specific upgrading of the community
environment.
City of San Bernardino
10-43
10.13.3
10.13.4
10-44
Identify alternative sources of financing of damage and
reconstruction that can be utilized in the event of a disaster.
Encourage public awareness of emergency response
planning and emergency evacuation routes. (S-I)
City of San Bernardino
I
,
chapter 11. HISTORICAL AND
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
RESOURCES
J
-
~
::...
i'
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
Chapter 11. Historical and
Archaeological Resources
INTRODUCTION
A Historical and Archaeological Resources Element is not a required
element ofthe General Plan by state law, but a desirable one. The purpose
of incorporating the Historical and Archaeological Resources Element into
the General Plan is to provide the basis for enabling legislation that will
allow the City of San Bernardino to effectively preserve, enhance, and
maintain sites and structures that have been deemed architecturally,
historically, archaeologically, and/or culturally significant. This is
critically important in our City since it contains many older structures and
historic sites, which may be threatened with demolition or removal.
Purpose
The Historical and Archaeological Resources Element provides policy
guidance that addresses the preservation and reuse of the City's historic
and archaeological resources.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Historical and Archaeological Resources Element is closely linked
with the Land Use and Natural Resources Elements. Together, these
Elements address the preservation and enhancement of our historical
resources.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - saC-15 Ch 11 Historical.doc
11-1
ABOUT OUR HISTORIC AND
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The following historic background is a summary of a more complete
report prepared by San Buenaventura Research Associates and contained
in Appendix 13, Historic Context. This report contains a detailed history
of San Bernardino, a detailed description of incentives for preservation, a
glossary of terms, and a list of source documents.
Historical Timeline
The timeline below lists the events that had an impact on the historical
development of San Bernardino, and provides a broad overview of the
City's history, as well as the external events that helped shape it. A more
complete historical context, along with a property typology, is included in
Appendix 13.
1771
1772
1776
1810
1819
1822
1834
1842
1843
1846
1848
1850
1851
1853
1854
1862
1869
1876
11-2
Mission San Gabriel founded within the Los Angeles basin
Pedro Fages Expedition
Garces Expedition
First Spanish settlement in San Bernardino Valley
San Bernardino Asistencia of Mission San Gabriel
established at Guachama Rancheria
Mexican independence from Spain
First Mexican land grants in Alta California
Mission secularization proclaimed
Rancho San Bernardino granted to Don Jose del Carmen
Lugo
Rancho Muscupiabe granted to Miguel Blanco (Michael
White)
Mexican-American War begins
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War
California Statehood
Mormon Battalion immigrants arrives in San Bernardino
Valley
San Bernardino County established
City of San Bernardino incorporated
Damaging flood in San Bernardino
Transcontinental railroad connects San Francisco to eastern
U.S.
Southern Pacific Railroad completes line between San
Francisco and Los Angeles
City of San Bernardino
1883
1885
1887
1888
1890
1892
1893
1900
1906
1910
1911
1912
1916
1917
1918
1925
1926
1927
1928
1933
1939
1938
1940
1941
1942
1942
1950
c1970
1973
1977
1980s
1984
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
Southern Pacific Railroad arrives in nearby Colton
Opera House built
Santa Fe Railroad connection between San Bernardino and
Barstow over Cajon Pass
Santa Fe Railroad connection between San Bernardino and
Los Angeles completed
Pioneer Society organized
First Arrowhead Springs Hotel built
Horse-drawn trolley established
San Bernardino Woman's Club established
National Forest established
Trolley line established from San Bernardino to Arrowhead
Springs Hotel
San Bernardino Woman's Clubhouse built
San Bernardino Chamber of Commerce organized
National Orange Show established
Opera House enlarged to hold 1400 people
YMCA built and YWCA started
San Bernardino High School constructed
U.S. enters World War I
Santa Fe Railroad Depot built
YWCA built
Route 66 commissioned (completed in 1937)
San Bernardino County Courthouse built, replaces older
building
New Harris Company Department store built
San Bernardino College established
California Theater built
San Bernardino Cultural Center and Fire Hall built
Third Arrowhead Springs Resort Hotel built
Flood
First McDonalds' Restaurant opened in San Bernardino
U.S. enters World War II
San Bernardino Army Airfield established on municipal
airport grounds
Kaiser Steel plant established in nearby Fontana
San Bernardino Army Airfield renamed Norton Air Force
Base
Central City Mall built
New City Hall and Convention Center built
City of San Bernardino Historical Society founded
Kaiser Fontana plant closes
San Bernardino County building constructed on Arrowhead
Avenue
City of San Bernardino
11-3
11-4
1985
1991-92
1994
Feldheym Library built in Pioneer Park
Santa Fe Railroad offices relocated
Norton Air Force Base closes
Historic Resources in San Bernardino
Properties that should be regarded as historic resources for planning
purposes in any community can be expected to change as buildings and
neighborhoods age and new historic themes are identified. Consequently,
no static list or combination oflists of historic properties alone can form a
sufficient basis the identification of historic resources. Each existing list
should be thought of as merely as a starting point, which may suggest the
appropriateness of further study, identification, and evaluation.
The following are some of the more important historic resource reference
documents available to the City:
Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survev. Although it was last
conducted in 1991, the Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey
provides for the most complete overview of historically significant
properties and neighborhoods within the City that were considered
historically sensitive at the time of its adoption. As such, it forms the
single most important resource to the City for historic preservation
planning.
State Historic Resources Inventorv. Maintained by the California Office
of Historic Preservation, this list includes all properties evaluated in State-
sponsored survey projects and undertakings requiring Federal
environmental review. Current copies of this tabular list can be obtained
from the San Bernardino Archaeological Information Center in Redlands.
Environmental Impact Reports and Special Studies. EIRs, EISs, and
other environmental documents may include determinations of eligibility
for historic properties within the City.
National Reeister of Historic Places (NRHP) listines. Current NRHP
listings for the City can be obtained online from the National Park Service.
Examples of properties within the City listed on the NRHP are the Santa
Fe Railway Passenger and Freight Depot, the San Bernardino County
Courthouse, and the U.S. Post Office Downtown Station.
State Landmarks and Points of Interest listines. Current State landmarks
can be obtained online from the California Office of Historic Preservation.
A current Points of Interest list can be obtained by contacting the Office of
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
Historic Preservation. Examples of State Landmarks within or near the
City are the site of the Mormon Stockade and the Arrowhead.
Regulatory Setting for Historic Resources
Management
1. State Regulations: The California Environmental Quality Act
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires evaluation of
project impacts on historic resources, including properties "listed in, or
determined eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical
Resources [ or] included in a local register of historical resources." A
resource is eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical
Resources if it meets any of the following criteria:
. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution
to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage;
. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region,
or method of construction, or represents the work of an important
creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or
. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in
prehistory or history.
The California Register may also include properties listed in "local
registers" of historic properties. A "local register of historic resources" is
broadly defined in ~5020.l (k), as "a list of properties offiCially
designated or recognized as historically significant by a local government
pursuant to a local ordinance or resolution." Local registers of historic
properties come essentially in two forms: (1) surveys of historic resources
conducted by a local agency in accordance with Office of Historic
Preservation procedures and standards, adopted by the local agency and
maintained as current, and (2) landmarks designated under local
ordinances or resolutions. (Public Resources Code ~~ 5024.1, 21804.1,
15064.5)
By definition, the California Register of Historical Resources also includes
all "properties formally determined eligible for, or listed in, the National
Register of Historic Places," and certain specified State Historical
Landmarks. The majority of "formal determinations" ofNRHP eligibility
occur when properties are evaluated by the State Office of Historic
City of San Bernardino
11-5
Preservation in connection with federal environmental review procedures
(Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966). Formal
determinations of eligibility also occur when properties are nominated to
the NRHP, but are not listed due to the absence of owner consent.
The criteria for determining eligibility for listing on the National Register
of Historic Places (NRHP) have been developed by the National Park
Service. Properties may qualify for NRHP listing if they:
. Are associated with events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
. Are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
. Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method
of construction or that represent the work of a master, or that
possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual
distinction; or
. Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in
prehistory or history.
According to the National Register of Historic Places guidelines, the
"essential physical features" of a property must be present for it to convey
its significance. Further, in order to qualify for the NRHP, a resource must
retain its integrity, or "the ability of a property to convey its significance."
The seven aspects of integrity are: Location (the place where the historic
property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred);
Design (the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space,
structure, and style of a property); Setting (the physical environment of a
historic property); Materials (the physical elements that were combined or
deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or
configuration to form a historic property); Workmanship (the physical
evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given
period of history or prehistory); Feeling (a property's expression ofthe
aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time), and; Association
(the direct link between an important historic event or person and a
historic property).
The relevant aspects of integrity depend upon the National Register
criteria applied to a property. For example, a property nominated under
Criterion A (events), would be likely to convey its significance primarily
through integrity of location, setting, and association. A property
11-6
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
nominated solely under Criterion C (design) would usually rely primarily
upon integrity of design, materials, and workmanship. The California
Register procedures include similar language with regard to integrity.
The minimum age criterion for the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP) and the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) is 50
years. Properties less than 50 years old may be eligible for listing on the
NRHP they can be regarded as "exceptional," as defined by the NRHP
procedures, or in terms of the CRHR, "if it can be demonstrated that
sufficient time has passed to understand its historical importance."
(Chapter 11, Title 14, g4842(d)(2))
For purposes ofNRHP eligibility, reductions in a resource's integrity
(defined as the ability of the property to convey its significance) should be
regarded as potentially adverse impacts. This framework for evaluating
impacts on historic resources is well supported in the historic preservation
literature is the most generally accepted professional standard for
evaluating impacts.
These integrity criteria are generally, if not explicitly, referenced in the
CEQA Guidelines, which state: "an historical resource is materially
impaired when a project... [d) emolishes or materially alters in an adverse
manner those physical characteristics of an historical resource that
convey its historical significance and that justifY its inclusion in, or
eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources
[or) that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical
resources pursuant to section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or
its identification in an historical resources survey meeting the
requirements of section 5024. 1 (g) of the Public Resources Code, unless
the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a
preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or
culturally significant."
A lead agency is responsible for the identification of "potentially feasible
measures to mitigate significant adverse changes in the significance of an
historical resource." The most current CEQA guidelines adopted in 1999
clarify what types of measures may constitute mitigation of impacts to less
than significant levels, and brings the guidelines into conformance with
recent court decisions in this respect. In particular, the guidelines specify a
methodology for determining if impacts are mitigated to less than
significant levels. These are the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving,
Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings and the
Secretary ofthe Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for
City of San Bernardino
Requirement for CEQA
Review
Public Resources Code
921084.1 establishes historic
resources as enviromnental
resources and the
requirement to evaluate
project impacts under CEQA,
stating: "a project that may
cause a substantial change in
the significance of an
historical resource is a
project that may have a
significant effect on the
environment." The Public
Resources Code broadly
defmes a threshold for
determining if the impacts of
a project on an historic
property will be significant
and adverse. By definition, a
substantial adverse change
means, "demolition,
destruction, relocation, or
alterations," such that the
significance of an historical
resource would be impaired
(PRC 95020.1(6)).
11-7
Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (1995), publications of the National Park
Service. (PRC S 15064.5(b )(3-4))
The purpose of citing the Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines and
Standards in this context is twofold. First, the Guidelines and Standards
have been developed and refined over a period of several decades, and
have become widely accepted as cornerstones of the practice of
professional historic preservation in the United States. Secondly, the
Guidelines and Standards direct the development of mitigation measures
towards the substance of historic preservation, and away from palliative
measures, such as the documentation of destroyed historic properties.
2. Federal Regulations: Section 106 of the Historic
Preservation Act of 1966
Section 106 ofthe Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (36 CFR Part 800)
requires that federal agencies take into account the effects of their
undertakings on historic properties, and to provide the Advisory Council
on Historic Preservation with an opportunity to comment on such
undertakings when the effects are considered to be adverse. These
regulations were last revised on a comprehensive basis in May 1999.
By reference, Section 106 reporting responsibilities also apply to local
agencies utilizing federal funds for local projects, such as housing
rehabilitation projects conducted with Community Development Block
Grant funding. The federal agency undertaking the project is technically
responsible for compliance with the Section 106 regulations; however, in
practice, the technical steps required to comply are delegated to the local
agency expending the federal monies.
The first step in the Section 106 process is the identification and
evaluation of historic properties within the Area of Potential Effect (APE).
This impact zone is defined in the regulations as "the geographic area or
areas within which an undertaking may cause changes in the character or
use of historic properties, if any such properties exist," and will vary
depending on the scope of the undertaking and the character of the site and
environs. Historic properties are defined for the purposes of Section 106 as
properties listed, or eligible for listing, on the National Register of Historic
Places, and may include individually eligible buildings, structures, objects,
sites, or districts. Agencies are encouraged to consult with local
governments, groups and individuals with knowledge and interest in
historic properties during the determination of eligibility phase.
The agency is required to consult with the State Historic Preservation
Officer (SHPO) on determinations of eligibility, who is granted a limited
11-8
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
period during which the SHPO may state concurrence or non-concurrence
with the agency's opinion. Failing any stated view by the SHPO, the
SHPO is presumed to agree with the agency. Unresolved disagreements
between the SHPO and the agency on the question of eligibility are
resolved by a request by the agency to the Keeper ofthe National Register
for a formal determination of eligibility.
If historic properties are found to exist within the APE, the agency must
determine if the undertaking will have an effect on the historic properties.
An undertaking is seen to have an effect on an historic property, "when the
undertaking may alter, directly or indirectly, the characteristics of a
historic property that may qualify the property for inclusion in the
National Register." [36 CFR 800.5(a)(1)] The agency is required to
characterize the undertaking as having either "no effect," an "adverse
effect" or "no adverse effect," based on the Criteria for Adverse Effect
detailed at 36 CFR 800.5(a)(2). Adverse effects include the physical
destruction, damage, or alteration of the historic property, isolation from
its historic setting, the introduction of out-of-character visual, audible or
atmospheric elements, or the neglect, transfer, sale or lease of the historic
property. Federal agencies are once again encouraged to consult with local
governments, groups and individuals with knowledge and interest in
historic properties during the determination of effects phase. [36 CFR
800.6 (a)]
If an adverse effect occurs, the agency is required to consult with the
SHPO in order to develop methods to reduce the harmfulness of the
undertaking. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation must also be
notified by the agency of the finding of adverse effect, and should invite
the Council's participation in the consultation. This consultation process
will sometimes result in a Memorandum of Agreement between the
agency and SHPO. Failing agreement between the SHPO and the agency,
the regulations provide for the participation of Advisory Council on a
request basis.
City of San Bernardino
11-9
ACHIEVING THE VISION
From the Arrowhead to the Depot, San Bernardino has a rich and diverse
history that we want to celebrate and capitalize upon. Like many other
older communities in southern California, virtually all areas within the
City now have to address issues arising from the changing characteristics
ofthe community, as the ongoing wave of growth poses a continuous
challenge to properly identify and preserve important historical aspects of
the City's heritage. Salient among these issues is the preservation of key
landmarks and revitalization of San Bernardino's historic era downtown.
Fortunately, these issues are by no means unique to San Bernardino.
Since the mid-l 960s, precisely for the purpose of meeting such challenges
brought about by accelerating growth, both the federal and state
authorities have created a number statutes, regulations, and programs to
help local communities preserve their historical and cultural heritage. The
City of San Bernardino has taken advantage of some of these
opportunities, while others remain to be implemented.
The Historical and Archeological Resources Element is responsive to our
Vision because it represents our stated desires to:
.
Enjoy the social benefits of historic preservation that come in the
form of increased community pride;
.
Realize a recognizable identity for San Bernardino that come from
a popular interest in the community's past;
.
Create a rich cultural community in which we will be able
experience the City's past;
.
Enhance property values and increase economic and [mancial
benefits in the older parts of our City; and
.
Create a unique environment that attracts investments and visitors
through historic preservation, adaptive reuse, and compatible
design controls.
11-10
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
GOALS AND POLICIES
Since 1989, we have met several historic preservation goals. Most
significantly, we completed a Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey
Report in 1991, which is contained in five volumes and available at the
City Hall. Also accomplished were the adoption of the Main Street
Overlay District, a Historic Building Demolition Ordinance, the Historic
Depot District Concept Improvement Plan, and, by ordinance, the waiver
of fees charged for permits issued for repairs, alterations or additions
related to the preservation or rehabilitation of a qualified historical
property.
However, there are still steps we can take to strengthen our historic
preservation efforts: from updating historic surveys, to creating additional
incentives for historic preservation, to increasing public awareness about
our resources. The following presents the goals and policies for historic
and archeological issues in the City of San Bernardino planning area.
Goal 11.1
Develop a program to protect, preserve, and restore
the sites, buildings and districts that have
architectural, historical, archaeological, andlor cultural
signi!!canc~________________________________~_~______________
Policies:
11.1.1
Develop a comprehensive historic preservation plan that
includes:
. Adoption of a Preservation Ordinance that authorizes
the City to designate resources deemed to be of
significance as a City Historical landmark or district.
. Establishment of a Historic Resources Commission that
will review and recommend preservation ordinances,
design standards, and historical designations of
resources.
. Adoption of the Secretary of Interior Standards for
Historic Rehabilitation and the standards and guidelines
as prescribed by the State Office of Historic
Preservation as design standards for alterations to
historic resources.
City of San Bernardino
11-11
11.1.2
11.1.3
11.1.4
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
11.1.8
11.1.9
11-12
. Establishment of a design review process for potential
development projects in or adjacent to Historic
Preservation Overlay Zones. (A-l and HAR-l, 2, 3, and
4)
Maintain and update the Historic Resources
Reconnaissance Survey database files of historic,
architectural, and cultural resources conducted in 1991, and
integrate it into the City's ordinance and environmental
review process. (A-I)
Consider, within the environmental review process,
properties that may have become historicaIly significant
since completion of the survey in 1991. (LV-I)
Compile and maintain an inventory, based on the survey, of
the Planning Area's significant historic, architectural and
cultural resources.
Continue to adopt historic district and overlay zone
ordinances as described in the Historic Resources
Reconnaissance Survey Report. Consider the designation of
Historic Districts and Historic Overlay Zones as described
in the Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report.
Consider the need for a comprehensive survey for
Downtown as weIl as establishing priorities for future
intensive-level surveys.
Require that all City-owned properties containing or
adjacent to historic resources be maintained in a manner
that is aesthetically and/or functionaIly compatible with
such resources.
Continue to develop design standards for commercial areas,
similar to those in the Main Street Overlay District, which
promotes the removal of tacked-on facades and
inappropriate signage, the restoration of original facades,
and designs that complement the historic pattern.
Require that an environmental review be conducted on all
applications (e.g. grading, building, and demolition) for
resources designated or potentiaIly designated as significant
in order to ensure that these sites are preserved and
protected. (LV-I)
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
Goal 11.2
Policies:
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
Provide incentives that can be used to preserve our
historic and cultural resources.
Encourage owners of historic income-producing properties
to use the tax benefits provided by the 1981 Tax Revenue
Act or as may be amended.
Encourage the use ofthe Historic Building Code in order to
provide flexibility in building code requirements for the
rehabilitation of historic buildings.
Provide for the purchase of facade easements from private
property owners; allow private nonprofit preservation
groups to purchase facade easements. A historic easement
would include any easement, restriction, covenant or
condition running with the land designed to preserve or
maintain the significant features of such landmarks or
buildings.
Adopt the Mills Act program to allow for a reduction in
property taxes for historic properties.
Goal 11.3
Policies:
11.3.1
11.3.2
Promote community appreciation for our history and
cultural resources.
Promote the formation and maintenance of neighborhood
organizations and foster neighborhood conservation
programs, giving special attention to transitional areas.
Develop brochures to accommodate pedestrian and
vehicular tours of historic buildings, landmarks,
neighborhoods and other points of historical interest in the
San Bernardino area.
City of San Bernardino
Examples ofIncentives (See
Appendix 13 for more options
and greater detail)
. State Historic Building
Code: an alternative
building code for the
preservation of historic
buildings.
. Federal Rehabilitation Tax
Credits: tax credits for the
rehabilitation of certified
historic structures.
. Property Tax Reductions:
allows a reduction in
property taxes on historic
properties.
. Preservation grants: grants
for the rehabilitation of
historic buildings.
. California Heritage Fund:
supports a wide range of
historic preservation
activities through
competitive grants.
. Marks Historical
Rehabilitation Act: allows
the City to issue tax-exempt
revenue bonds for historical
rehabilitation.
· Transfer of Development
Rights: permits greater
densities when historic
resources are provided or
preserved with the
development.
. Community Development
Block Grants: grants for
facade rehabilitation and
historic preservation
projects.
11-13
11-14
11.3.3
11.3.4
Cooperate with local historic preservation organizations
doing preservation work and serve as liaison for such
groups.
Encourage the involvement of San Bernardino City Unified
School District, private schools, adult education classes,
California State University at San Bernardino, the San
Bernardino County Museum, San Bernardino Valley
College in preservation programs and activities.
Goal 11.4
Policies:
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3
Protect and enhance our historic and cultural
resources.
Encourage the preservation, maintenance, enhancement,
and reuse of existing buildings in redevelopment and
commercial areas; the retention and renovation of existing
residential buildings; and the relocation of existing
residential buildings when retention on-site is deemed not
to be feasible.
Consider creating a program to relocate reusable older
buildings from or into redevelopment projects as a means
of historic preservation.
Utilize the Redevelopment Agency as a vehicle for
preservation activity. The Agency is currently empowered
to acquire, hold, restore, and resell buildings.
City of San Bernardino
11 Historical and Archaeological Resources
_~oc:lL1_1_:~__Yrote~~ and e~!1anc~g_~~rcha_~~gB~~~1 resource~__
Policies:
11.5.1
Complete an inventory of areas of archaeological
sensitivity in the planning area.
11.5.2
Develop mitigation measures for projects located in
archaeologically sensitive areas to protect such locations,
remove artifacts, and retain them for educational display.
11.5.3
Seek to educate the general public about San Bernardino's
archaeological heritage through written brochures, maps,
and reference materials.
City of San Bernardino
11-15
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11-16
City of San Bernardino
I
I
chapter 12. NATURAL RESOURCES;
AND CONSERVATION J
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12 Natural Resources and Conservation
Chapter 12. Natural Resources
and Conservation
INTRODUCTION
San Bernardino values the preservation of natural resources, wildlife
habitat, and air quality. Our scenic resources and wildlife habitat areas
provide recreational and ecological benefits, as well as a source of
aesthetic enjoyment. San Bernardino strives to ensure that demands on
natural resources made today do not compromise the needs of tomorrow.
These resources are important to us, and through the strategies and
policies outlined in this Element, we will work to preserve and protect our
existing resources and to capture new resources as they become available.
With assistance from interested organizations, creative solutions will be
discovered and implemented to preserve sensitive habitat areas.
Purpose
The Goals and Policies in this element are intended to maintain, improve,
or preserve the quality and supply of the City's natural resources. This
Element addresses the following topics:
. Biological Resources,
. Natural Features,
. Mineral Resources, and
. Air Quality.
City of San Bernardino
TPC - saC-1S Ch12 Natural Resources.doc
12-1
Relationship to Other Elements
The Natural Resources and Conservation Element is linked to two other
General Plan Elements: Circulation and Land Use. Air quality can be
significantly impacted by the emissions of automobiles. The Circulation
Element strives to outline effective and efficient circulation routes and
alternative transportation opportunities that can help reduce the impacts
vehicles create on San Bernardino's air quality. The Land Use Element
designates land uses within the City, and will explore the compatibility of
proposed land uses with the mineral extraction uses and biological
resources identified in this chapter.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
The City's vision recognizes that the distinctive nature of San Bernardino
is created not only by its people and developments, but also by the breadth
of its natural features. As San Bernardino continues to develop, pressure
to convert or encroach into natural resources will increase. It will be vital
for us to remember that the preservation of these natural resources will
enhance the social, physical, environmental, and economic quality oflife
for residents, thus reinforcing the City's vision to "Celebrate the past,
value the present, and create opportunities for the future."
The natural resources element is responsive to the vision because it strives
to:
.
Minimize impacts to biological resources and natural features from
new development;
.
Utilize mineral resources efficiently; and
.
Enhance quality of life by reducing harmful emissions and
maintaining air quality.
12-2
City of San Bernardino
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
GOALS AND POLICIES
Following are the goals and policies related to the natural resources of San
Bernardino:
A great variety of sensitive biological elements are known to exist or
potentially occur within our City. Many ofthese sensitive elements are
closely associated with the aquatic and woodland communities ofthe San
Bernardino Mountains and the Santa Ana River and its tributaries.
However, it should be noted that sensitive elements might occur in
virtually any of the remaining non-urban habitats within the City. Since
there are areas of the City that contain significant plant and wildlife
species, the City will need to balance the preservation of sensitive habitats
with the need for new development.
Much of the valley and upland areas has undergone extensive disturbance
by agricultural and urban land uses, and therefore, supports a decreased
diversity of plant and animal life. Upland areas which remain undisturbed
or which have not been disturbed for some time support inland coastal
sagebrush scrub vegetation and a variety of wildlife. This diversity is
somewhat lessened in areas that are small and fragmented; however,
adjacent "urban woodlands" and windrows tend to augment this diversity.
Alluvial fans and floodplains of the valley floor support distinctive scrub
vegetation containing an assortment of shrubs characteristic of both
coastal sagebrush and chaparral communities. Such areas are high quality
habitat for a variety of wildlife and support the only known occurrences of
two plant species that have recently been declared federally endangered:
the Santa Ana River Wooly Star and the Slender-homed spine flower.
Above the valley floor and uplands are deep canyons that support riparian
and oak woodland habitats. Woodlands provide a high quality habitat for
a diverse assemblage of wildlife species. Large mammals such as coyote,
bobcat, deer, and occasionally mountain lion and bear descend from the
mountains along these canyon corridors.
The canyons and mountain slopes along the northern edge of our City
support mainly chaparral and woodland vegetation whose relatively
undisturbed nature, together with their contiguity with similar large areas
of the San Bernardino National Forest, enhances the viability ofthese
mountain areas as wildlife habitat.
City of San Bernardino
12-3
12-4
Goal 12.1
Policies:
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.1.3
12.1.4
Conserve and enhance San Bernardino's biological
resources.
Acquire and maintain current information regarding the
status and location of sensitive biological elements (species
and natural communities) within the planning area. (NR-3)
Site and develop land uses in a manner that is sensitive to
the unique characteristics of and that minimizes the impacts
upon sensitive biological resources. (LU-l)
Require that all proposed land uses in the "Biological
Resource Management Area" (BRM), Figure NRC-l, be
subject to review by the Environmental Review Committee
(ERe).
Require that development in the BRM:
a. Submit a report prepared by a qualified professional(s)
that addresses the proposed project's impact on
sensitive species and habitat, especially those that are
identified in State and Federal conservation programs;
b. Identify mitigation measures necessary to eliminate
significant adverse impacts to sensitive biological
resources;
c. Define a program for monitoring, evaluating the
effectiveness of, and ensuring the adequacy of the
specified mitigation measures; and
d. Discuss restoration of significant habitats.
Goal 12.2
~---'-----'_____......_______..,_~__....________._.__._.....u_u..._._...____._.____._____.._._n._._.............._____---..-.-.--.--....-----..-----
Policies:
12.2.1
Protect riparian corridors to provide habitat for fish
and wildlife.
Prohibit development and grading within fifty (50) feet of
riparian corridors, as designated in Figure NRC-l unless no
feasible alternative exists. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
12.2.2
12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
Generally permit the following uses within riparian
corridors:
a. Education and research, excluding buildings and other
structures;
b. Passive (non mechanized) recreation;
c. Trails and scenic overlooks on public land(s);
d. Fish and wildlife management activities;
e. Necessary water supply projects;
f. Resource consumptive uses as provided for in the Fish
and Game Code and Title 14 of the California
Administrative Code;
g. Flood control projects where no other methods are
available to protect the public safety;
h. Bridges and pipelines when supports are not in
significant conflict with corridor resources. (LU-I)
Pursue voluntary open space or conservation easements to
protect sensitive species or their habitats. (NR -I)
Development adjacent to riparian corridors shall:
a. Minimize removal of vegetation;
b. Minimize erosion, sedimentation, and runoff by
appropriate protection or vegetation and landscape;
c. Provide for sufficient passage of native and
anadromous fish as specified by the California
Department ofFish and Game;
d. Minimize wastewater discharges and entrapment;
e. Prevent groundwater depletion or substantial
interference with surface and subsurface flows; and
provide for natural vegetation buffers.
Permit modification of the boundaries of the designated
riparian corridors based on field research and aerial
interpretation data as part of biological surveys.
City of San Bernardino
12-5
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12-6
City of San Bernardino
o
o
c
Biological Resources
Management Overlay
~...r.,
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ImmmHI Biological Resources Management Overlay
IIIIIIIIIIII Riparian Corridors
ro-'-'-"
L._.--1 City Boundary
-~
o
10,000'
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure NRC-l
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
Goal 12.3
--_.__.__._~--_._.._..._---_._--_...._----_._----~_.__._-____._......__..___.._._.....__...___.__.__............___...__nn__n_..._....._................
Policies:
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.3.4
12.3.5
Establish open space corridors between and to
~rot~_<?~d _~!~~!~!l~~~_______........._____________......
Identify areas and formulate recommendations for the
acquisition of property, including funding, to establish a
permanent corridor contiguous to the National Forest via
Cable Creek and/or Devil Canyon. The City shall consult
with various federal, state and local agencies and City
departments prior to the adoption of any open space
corridor plan.
Seek to acquire real property rights of open space corridor
parcels identified as being suitable for acquisition. (NR-1)
Establish the following habitat types as high-priority for
acquisition as funds are available:
a. Habitat of endangered species;
b. Alluvial scrub vegetation;
c. Riparian vegetation dominated by willow, alder,
sycamore, or native oaks; and
d. Native walnut woodlands.
Preserve and enhance the natural characteristics of the
Santa Ana River, City Creek, and Cajon Creek as habitat
areas.
Prevent further loss of existing stands of Santa Ana River
Wooly-star (Eriastrum densifolium sanctorum) and
Slender-homed Centrostegia (Centrostegia leptoceras).
City of San Bernardino
12-9
Mineral Extraction
The California legislature
has declared "the extraction
of minerals is essential to
the economic well being of
the state and to the needs of
society...... The reenacted
law mandated counties to
incorporate appropriate
mineral resource
management policies into
their general plans within
one year upon receipt of
data from the State
Geologist.
State geological survey
geologists are often called to
testify by counties in permit
hearings for aggregate
mining. Most decisions
where state geologists give
testimony have been decided
in favor of aggregate
resource protection. The
resource classification
program allows decisions to
be made based on long term
local resource needs rather
than emotionally based
short-term thinking.
12-10
As California's population continues to expand, the demand for minerals-
especially building construction such as aggregate - will similarly grow.
In the San Bernardino City area, the bulk of the construction aggregate is
found in the natural sand and gravel deposits of Cajon Wash, Lytle Creek,
Warm Creek, City Creek, and the Santa Ana River.
Policies in this section seek to conserve areas identified as containing
significant mineral deposits for potential future use, while promoting the
reasonable, safe, and orderly operation of mining and extraction activities
where environmental, aesthetic, and adjacent land use compatibility
impacts can be adequately mitigated.
Mineral deposits are important to many industries, including construction,
transportation, and chemical processing. The value of mineral deposits is
enhanced by their close proximity to urban areas. However, these mineral
deposits are endangered by the same urbanization that enhances their
value. The non-renewable characteristic of mineral deposits necessitates
careful and efficient development to prevent the unnecessary waste of
these deposits due to careless exploitation and uncontrolled urbanization.
Management of these mineral resources will protect not only future
development of mineral deposit areas, but will also guide the exploitation
of mineral deposits so that adverse impacts caused by mineral extraction
will be reduced or eliminated.
Mineral extraction is an important component of San Bernardino's
economy. In 1975, the State legislature adopted the Surface Mining and
Reclamation Act (SMARA). This designated Mineral Resources Zones
that were of State-wide or regional importance. Classification of land
within California takes place according to a priority list established by the
State Mining and Geology Board (SMGB). The classifications used by the
state to define MRZs are as follows:
.
MRZ-l: Areas where the available geologic information indicates
no significant mineral deposits or a minimal likelihood of
significant mineral deposits.
.
MRZ-2: Areas where the available geologic information indicates
that there are significant mineral deposits or that there is a
likelihood of significant mineral deposits.
City of San Bernardino
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
. MRZ-3a: Areas where the available geologic information
indicates that mineral deposits are likely to exist, however, the
significance of the deposit is undetermined.
. MRZ-4: Areas where there is not enough information available to
determine the presence or absence of mineral deposits.
Several areas within the San Bernardino region have been classified as
Mineral Resource Zone 2 (MRZ-2). MRZ-2 areas indicate the existence
of a construction aggregate deposit that meets certain State criteria for
value and marketability based solely on geologic factors. By statute, the
Board does not utilize "existing land uses" as criteria in its classification
of Mineral Resource Zones. This may often result in the classification of
MRZs that are already developed in a variety of uses and intensities,
rendering these areas unsuitable for mineral production. These Mineral
Resource areas are mapped in Figure NRC-2.
Goal 12.4
Properly manage designated areas for mineral
extraction to meet the needs of the area.
Policies:
12.4.1
Continue to document current extraction sites, including
sand and gravel quarries, including the status and duration
of existing permits and approvals.
12.4.2
Impose conditions and enforce mitigation measures on
mining operations to reduce dust, noise, and safety hazards
associated with removal of construction aggregate and
minimize impacts on adjacent properties and environmental
resources.
12.4.3
Determine and designate approved access routes to and
from mineral resource sectors to minimize the impacts to
vehicular circulation on City streets.
12.4.4
Require that any applications to permit uses other than
mineral extraction or the interim uses defined in areas
designated IE, Industrial Extractive, include findings to be
prepared by the project proponent outlining the reasons
why mining is not a feasible use and how the deletion of
the area as a potential mineral resource supply impacts the
regional supply of aggregate resources.
City of San Bernardino
The MRZs are recognized
within the Industrial
Extractive (IE) land use
designation, which is a
refmement of and more
limited in area than those
depicted on Figure NRC-2.
12-11
This page intentionally left blank
12-12
City of San Bernardino
Mineral Resource Zones
,,~
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D MRZ-2
D City Boundary
Note: MRZs reflected and refined in the Industrial
Excracrive (IE) designation.
II~
o 10,000'
o
The City of
SAN BERNARDINO
General Plan
Figure NRC-2
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
12.4.5
Require that the operation and reclamation of surface mines
be consistent with the State Surface Mining and
Reclamation Act (SMARA) and the Development Code.
12.4.6
Designate post aggregate extraction reclamation procedures
to mitigate potential environmental impacts and safety
hazards. Long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of the
reclamation procedures should be considered as an integral
part of the program.
12.4.7
Restrict incompatible land uses within the impact area of
existing or potential surface mining areas.
12.4.8
Require that new, non-mining land uses adjacent to existing
mining operations be designed to provide a buffer between
the new development and the mining operations. The
buffer distance shall be based on an evaluation of noise,
aesthetics, drainage, operating conditions, biological
resources, topography, lighting, traffic, operating hours,
and air quality. (LU-I)
The quality of air that we breathe directly affects our health, environment,
and quality of life. Air pollutants can cause mild to severe health effects
and respiratory illnesses. Just as people are affected by air pollution, so
too are plants and animals. For instance, plants and trees may absorb air
pollutants that can stunt or kill them. Pollutants may also lower visibility
and cause property damage, discolor painted surfaces, eat away at stones
used in buildings, and dissolve mortar that holds brick structures together.
Our air quality is largely dependent upon climatic conditions. The
distinctive climate of the basin is determined by its terrain, latitude, and
coastal location. The general region lies in the semi-permanent high-
pressure zone of the eastern Pacific, resulting in a mild climate tempered
by cool sea breezes. This mild climatic pattern is interrupted infrequently
by periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana winds.
The airshed is a scarce, non-renewable resource that has become so
polluted in southern California that its conservation is of critical concern.
Though the City of San Bernardino is a small part of the total South Coast
Air Basin and cannot mitigate the regional problem alone, it can take
actions to incrementally reduce its share of emissions and protect its
residents.
City of San Bernardino
12-15
Pollutant Sources and Types
Pollutants are emitted into the air from stationary and mobile sources.
1. Stationary Sources
Stationary sources can be divided into two major subcategories: point
sources and area sources. Point sources consist of one or more emission
sources at a facility with an identified location and are usually associated
with manufacturing and industrial processing plants. Area sources
produce many small emissions (e.g., residential water heaters,
architectural coatings), which are distributed across the region.
2. Mobile Sources
Mobile sources are divided into two subcategories: on-road and off-road
sources. On-road sources are a combination of emissions from
automobiles, trucks, and indirect sources. Indirect sources are uses that
indirectly cause the generation of air pollutants by attracting vehicle trips
or consuming energy (e.g. office complex or commercial center), or are
actions proposed by local governments, such as redevelopment districts
and private projects involving the development of either large buildings or
tracts. Off-road sources include aircraft, ships, trains, and self-propelled
construction equipment.
3. Pollutant Types
Federal and State law regulates the air pollutants emitted into the ambient
air by stationary and mobile sources. These regulated air pollutants are
known as "criteria air pollutants." Primary criteria air pollutants are those
that are emitted directly from sources. Carbon monoxide (CO); reactive
organic gases (ROG); nitrogen oxides (NOx); sulfur dioxide (S02); and
most fine particulate matter (PMIO, PM2.s), including lead (Pb) and
fugitive dust; are primary criteria air pollutants. Secondary criteria air
pollutants are those pollutants formed by chemical and photochemical
reactions in the atmosphere. Ozone (03) and nitrogen dioxide (N02) are
the principal secondary pollutants. Primary pollutants' concentrations
decrease as they dissipate, but secondary pollutants reach maximum
concentrations at a distance downwind from the original source.
California Clean Air Act Requirements
A series of governing bodies monitor air quality as well as enforce and
develop policies and standards for the improvement of air quality. The
12-16
City of San Bernardino
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
Clean Air Act of 1990 is a federal law that is enforced by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Though the EPA is a part of the
federal government, much of the permitting and enforcement for
emissions is done at the state and regional level.
In California, regional boards called Air Quality Management Districts
have Air Quality Management Plans (AQMPs) that are updated every
three years. The City of San Bernardino falls within the South Coast Air
Basin (SCAB or Basin), which includes all of Orange County and the non-
desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties.
Air quality conditions in the SCAB are under the jurisdiction ofthe South
Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD).
In general, the net input of pollutants into the South Coast Air Basin
atmosphere from mobile and stationary sources is much the same every
day of the year, however, air quality levels in this area are below State and
Federal air quality standards. New development is contributing to existing
air pollution levels while localized concentrations of pollutants (i.e.,
carbon monoxide) affect sensitive air quality receptors such as schools,
hospitals, and residential areas.
In 1990, the California Legislature enacted the California Clean Air Act
(CCAA). The CCAA requires regional emissions to be reduced by 5% per
year, averaged over a 3-year period, until attainment can be demonstrated.
Each region that did not meet a national or state air quality standard was
required to prepare a plan that demonstrated how the 5% reductions were
to be achieved. In response, the SCAQMD revised their air quality plans
to meet CCAA requirements.
The 1997 AQMP was designed to meet both federal and state air quality
planning guidelines. Strategies for controlling air pollutant emissions in
the AQMP are grouped into three "tiers," based on their anticipated timing
for implementation. Tier 1 consists ofthe implementation of best available
current technology and management practices that can be adopted within
five years. Tier II is based on anticipated advancement in current
technology and vigorous regulatory action, while Tier III controls consist
of implementation measures which first require the development of new
technologies.
The SCAQMD Governing Board adopted the 2003 AQMP in August,
2003. The 2003 AQMP updates the attainment demonstration for the
federal standards for ozone and particulate matter (PMlO); replaces the
1997 attainment demonstration for the federal carbon monoxide (CO)
standard and provides a basis for a maintenance plan for CO for the future;
City of San Bernardino
12-17
12-18
and updates the maintenance plan for the federal nitrogen dioxide (N02)
standard that the South Coast Air Basin (Basin) has met since 1992.
This revision to the AQMP also addresses several state and federal
planning requirements and incorporates significant new scientific data,
primarily in the form of updated emissions inventories, ambient
measurements, new meteorological episodes and new air quality modeling
tools. The 2003 AQMP is consistent with and builds upon the approaches
taken in the 1997 AQMP and the 1999 Amendments to the Ozone SIP for
the South Coast Air Basin for the attainment of the federal ozone air
quality standard. However, this revision points to the urgent need for
additional emission reductions (beyond those incorporated in the 1997/99
Plan) from all sources, specifically those under the jurisdiction of the
California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency which account for approximately 80 percent of the ozone
precursor emissions in the Basin.
It should be noted that air pollutants are not limited to jurisdictional
boundaries. Local land use patterns, emission sources, and airflow
patterns throughout Southern California contribute to the air quality of San
Bernardino. While the City can enact policies that limit emissions within
its boundaries, it is necessary to support efforts to decrease region-wide
pollution emissions as surrounding jurisdictions significantly impact the
County's air quality. The following policies are designed to establish a
regional basis for improving air quality.
Goal 12.5 Promote air quality that is compatible with the health,
_______.._._________~~I_I...~~i':lih_~_~~_~_~.!<:>y_~_~_n.!_<:>!_~!_!~________ _ . ._____________
Policies:
12.5.1
Reduce the emission of pollutants including carbon
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, photochemical smog, and
sulfate in accordance with South Coast Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD) standards.
12.5.2
Prohibit the development ofland uses (e.g. heavy
manufacturing) that will contribute significantly to air
quality degradation, unless sufficient mitigation measures
are undertaken according SCAQMD standards.
12.5.3
Require dust abatement measures during grading and
construction operations. (LU-I)
City of San Bernardino
12.5.4
12.5.5
Goal 12.6
Policies:
12.6.1
12.6.2
12.6.3
12.6.4
12.6.5
12.6.6
12.6.7
12 Natural Resources and ConservaUon
Evaluate the air emissions of industrial land uses to ensure
that they will not impact adjacent uses.
Purchase City vehicles that use energy efficient fuel and
minimize air pollution. (NR-2)
Reduce the amount of vehicular emissions in San
Bernardino.
Promote a pattern of land uses which locates residential
uses in close proximity to employment and commercial
services and provides, to the fullest extent possible, local
job opportunities and commercial service to minimize
vehicular travel and associated air emissions.
Disperse urban service centers (libraries, post offices,
social services, etc.) throughout the City to minimize
vehicle miles traveled and the concomitant dispersion of air
pollutants.
Install streetscape improvements and other amenities to
encourage pedestrian activity in key City areas and reduce
vehicular travel and associated air emissions.
Facilitate the development of centralized parking lots and
structures in commercial districts to promote walking
between individual businesses in lieu of the use of
automobiles. (LU-1)
Require qualifying development to implement or
participate in transportation demand management
programs, which provide incentives for car pooling, van
pools, and the use of public transit and employ other trip
reduction techniques (consistent with the Circulation
Element and South Coast Air Quality Management Plan).
Continue to cooperate with Omnitrans and the Rapid
Transit District to expand as necessary the comprehensive
mass transit system for the City to reduce vehicular travel.
Promote the use of public transit and alternative travel
modes to reduce air emissions.
City of San Bernardino
12-19
Goal 12. 7 Participate in regional initiatives and programs to
_________________..imp_~9_ve_ t~~~.<:>_~!~_g<?~~~__l?as~~:~_~i!_g~~I.i!y:_____________
12.7.1
12.7.2
12.7.3
12.7.4
12.7.5
12.7.6
12.7.7
12-20
Cooperate with the South Coast Air Quality Management
District and incorporate pertinent local implementation
provisions of the Air Quality Management Plan.
Work with the South Coast Air Quality Management
District to establish controls and monitor uses in the City
that could add to the air basin's degradation (e.g. auto
repair, manufacturers).
Coordinate with SCAQMD to ensure that all elements of
air quality plans regarding reduction of air pollutant
emissions are being enforced.
Work with the other cities in the South Coast Air Basin to
implement regional mechanisms to reduce air emissions
and improve air quality.
Support legislation that promotes cleaner industry, clean
fuel vehicles, and more efficient burning engines and fuels.
Encourage, publicly recognize, and reward innovative
approaches to improve air quality.
Involve environmental groups, the business community,
special interests, and the general public in the formulation
and implementation of programs that actively reduce
airborne pollutants.
City of San Bernardino
12 Natural Resources and Conservation
Visual resources, such as the hills that establish the dramatic visual
backdrop to the City, should be thoughtfully integrated into the ever-
developing urban fabric, with particular focus on preserving significant
ridgelines and other unique formations to ensure that future generations
may enjoy the City's distinctive vistas. Areas that could benefit from
sensitive treatment of the land include: Kendall Hills, San Bernardino
Mountains, the hillsides adjacent to Arrowhead Springs, Lytle Creek
Wash, East Twin Creeks Wash, the Santa Ana River, Badger Canyon,
Bailey Canyon, and Waterman Canyon.
Goal 12.8 Preserve natural features that are characteristic of
______________ .... ......?_?_I")_I?~~I")_~~~_ill~'~J_r:r'i3_~~_:_______________ .______
12.8.1
Carefully review new projects on properties that:
a. Contain sloping topography,
b. Provide limited abilities to provide infrastructure to
new development based upon severely sloping terrain;
c. Provide natural vistas and views enjoyed by the
community; or
d. Serve as landmark features within the City. (LU-l)
12.8.2
Condition and modify plans to preserve the City's natural
features to the greatest extent possible. (LU-l)
12.8.3
Review grading, access, and site plans for new projects to
ensure that they are sensitively designed to minimize
impacts to the City's natural features. (LU-l)
12.8.4
Explore the designation of open space easements to
preserve valuable natural features in the City.
City of San Bernardino
Examples of the hillsides that
characterize much of San
Bernardino. Notice the interface
of urban and natural in each
picture.
12-21
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12-22
City of San Bernardino
J
I
chapter 13. ENERGY AND WATER IJ
CONSERVATION
.
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13 Energy and Water Conservation
Chapter 13. Energy and Water
Conservation
INTRODUCTION
San Bernardino imports almost all of its energy resources (natural gas, oil,
and electricity) but is blessed by renewable geothermal and water
resources. Despite the renewable resources, San Bernardino, like so much
of America, is largely dependant on non-renewable energy sources, which
result in reliance on unpredictable supplies that are outside of the City's
control. In addition, our abundant water supply can be affected by
variable periods of rain and drought as well as the demands ofthe rest of
Southern California. Efficient use of these resources can reduce costs,
help improve regional conditions, and be an economic benefit to San
Bernardino.
Purpose
The Energy and Water Conservation Element provides policy guidance
that addresses the efficient use and conservation of our valuable energy
and water resources.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Energy and Water Conservation Element is closely linked with the
Land Use, Natural Resources, Public Facility, and Utility Elements.
Together, these Elements provide direction for the responsible and
efficient use of our resources.
ACHIEVING THE VISION
Our continued and future activities are dependent on conservation of
existing and development of new water and energy resources. Urban
patterns that reduce the reliance upon the automobile, efficient distribution
systems, reduced reliance on non-renewable energy resources,
City of San Bernardino
TPC - 5BC-15 Ch 13 Energy.doc
13-1
13-2
conservation of the resources we currently use, and structural designs that
reduce energy use are essential as conservation techniques. More directly,
conserving water and energy also reduces costs and saves money.
Ifused efficiently and developed appropriately, our local resources, such
as geothermal, solar, reclaimed water, and water, can be used as
commodities to help improve our overall standard ofliving.
The Energy and Water Conservation Element is responsive to our Vision
because it represents our desires to:
.
Create additional water storage facilities to meet the demands of
additional growth and accommodate economic development;
.
Capitalize on our water and reclaimed water resources;
.
Be responsible stewards of our energy and water resources; and
.
Discover and implement conservation of our water and energy
resources.
City of San Bernardino
13 Energy and Water Conservation
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for energy and water
conservation related issues in the City of San Bernardino planning area.
Most traditional energy resources consumed by San Bernardino are
imported. There are no local wells producing oil or natural gas, coal
deposits, refineries and processing facilities, or electrical generating
stations within the City of San Bernardino planning area. Our natural gas
is imported by the Southern California Gas Company and our electrical
energy is provided by the Southern California Edison Company. Energy
conservation ofthese non-renewable resources is a comprehensive
process, involving efficient use of appliances, new technologies, building
design and construction.
Due to its location near several earthquake faults, San Bernardino is
fortunate to have access to geothermal wells and springs. This renewable
source of energy is currently utilized for space heating in over 35
businesses and offices, including the Civic Center and National Orange
Show. The City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department
(SBMWD) operates two geothermal production wells and a distribution
system that serves the central portion of the City. Additional discussion
and policies are found in the Utilities Element.
Energy efficient building practices and standards are a relatively recent
phenomenon, but are becoming widespread nationally. Energy efficient
buildings can not only save users on utility bills, but also satisfy several
community goals at once by improving air quality and water conservation,
and reducing urban runoff and solid waste reduction. The City is
committed to reducing its consumption of energy by 10% and encourages
local businesses to join in this effort.
- - --........ ------.............-......---_.._._...___*.____..__.__...___....._.._..._..__n__...._._._____.._.._._.______...__.__.__..._______....._......._ _____ __._.._.__._.___.____"_...._.___..~
Goal 13.1
q.()I'l!:)~.r.t~.!:)<:;!:i~<:;~_~I'l~E~~.!e~()_~!.c:~!:):.._.._._..._____._.....
Policies:
13.1.1
Reduce the City's ongoing electricity use by 10 percent and
set an example for residents and businesses to follow.
City of San Bernardino
Energy Efficiency
Excerpt from "Energy-saving drive
gains power" by Lee Hanson. The
Business Press June 14,2004
I
"According to the Department of
Energy, the portion of America's
$440 billion annual energy bill
spent on heating, cooling, and
lighting could be cut by 80 percent
if off-the-shelf resource-saving
products replaced existing stock in
buildings. Further gains would
come with top-to-bottom design of
buildings for energy-efficiency.
To promote such high-performance
construction and operation, an
organization called the U.S. Green
I Building Council has developed a
rating system called "Leadership in
Energy and Environmental
Design" (LEED). LEED applies a
rigorous 69-point protocol to
assess buildings in six areas: siting;
water use; energy and atmosphere;
materials and resources; indoor
environmental quality; and design
, iMO"ijOO.
I
Buildings are ranked in one of four
categories reflecting greater
efficiency: Certified (26 - 32
. points); Silver (33 - 38 points);
Gold (39 - 51 points); and
Platinum (52+ points). Standards
for the lowest LEED rating don't
! too greatly exceed what's required
by California's current building
code. But efficiency gains from
higher LEED ratings can range
! from 18 to 40 percent over
I conventional buildings.
Studies show that upfront costs of
energy-efficient features to make
LEED-Silver are around two
percent of construction costs. For
Platinum it's below seven percent.
Thus, at the Silver level, $100,000
spent on energy-efficient features
in a $5 million office building
could mean $1 million in current
. dollars in energy savings over the
i building's lifespan.
13-3
13.1.2
13 .1.3
13.1.4
13.1.5
13.1.6
13.1.7
13.1.8
13.1.9
13-4
Ensure the incorporation of energy conservation features in
the design of all new construction and site development in
accordance with State Law. (LU-I)
Consider emollment in the Community Energy Efficiency
Program (CEEP), which provides incentives for builders
who attain energy savings 30 percent above the National
Model Energy Code, the Energy Star Program, which is
sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and
the Environmental Protection Agency and encourages
superior energy efficiency by residents and businesses, or
the State's Energy Efficiency and Demand Reduction
Program, which offer rebates and incentives to agencies
and developers who reduce energy consumption and use
energy efficient fixtures and energy-saving design
elements. (EWC-I)
Require energy audits of existing public structures and
encourage audits of private structures, identifying levels of
existing energy use and potential conservation measures.
(EWC-3)
Encourage energy-efficient retrofitting of existing buildings
throughout the City. (EWC-I)
Consider program that awards incentives to projects that
install energy conservation measures, including technical
assistance and possible low-interest loans. (EWC-I)
Ensure that new development consider the ability of
adjacent properties to utilize energy conservation design.
(LU-I and EWC-I)
Educate the public regarding the need for energy
conservation, environmental stewardship, and sustainability
techniques and about systems and standards that are
currently available for achieving greater energy and
resource efficiency, such as the U.S. Green Building
Council's "Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design" (LEED) standards for buildings.
Encourage increased use of passive and active solar and
wind design in existing and new development (e.g.,
orienting buildings to maximize exposure to cooling effects
of prevailing winds, daylighting design, natural ventilation,
City of San Bernardino
13 Energy and Water Conservation
space planning, thermal massing and locating landscaping
and landscape structures to shade buildings). (LU-I)
13. I.I 0
Consider adopting an ordinance relating to energy
conservation, environmental stewardship, and sustainability
for new development that incorporates the LEED standards.
(A-I)
San Bernardino gets 100% of its water from an underground aquifer called
the Bunker Hill Basin. The aquifer is filled from rain and snows that filter
down through our local mountains. 60 wells, some of which reach as far as
1,200 feet deep, tap into the aquifer and 551 miles of water mains deliver
it to more than 40,000 service connections.
Unfortunately, we need to do more to prevent leaks, reduce waste, and use
the resources we have more efficiently. We waste a lot of water in our
daily lives. For instance, use of our toilets account for almost 30% of our
home water use; laundry accounts for roughly 22% of our home water use;
and showers account for 20% of our home water use. Simple measures
can be taken to reduce the amount of water that is wasted during these
activities.
Fortunately, San Bernardino has a head start in water conservation through
a reclamation program. The Water Department's Water Reclamation
Plant and Rapid Infiltration and Extraction Facility reclaims 30,000
million gallons of water each day that are used for landscaping,
commercial, and agricultural purposes. In this manner, our reclaimed
water acts as a commodity that is used to our economic benefit.
Excess reclaimed water is currently discharged into the Santa Ana River
where it contributes to other existing water flows and adds to the habitat
for several kinds of fish and birds.
Goal 13.2
Manage and protect the quality of the City's surface
__._"""~!er~.<:l.!:l~_JI.r.()l.J~.~",,,,~!~~.~<:l~j.,:!~.~_..___.....___.______...__.__._
Policies:
13 .2.1
Coordinate and monitor the City's water conservation
efforts on an annual basis and modify or expand them as
necessary to ensure their effectiveness. (EWC-l)
City of San Bernardino
13-5
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
13.2.9
13-6
Require that development not degrade surface or
groundwater, especially in watersheds, or areas with high
groundwater tables or highly permeable soils. (LU-I)
Consider the establishment of incentives, funding
programs, or a rebate program for projects that implement
water conservation measures, such as replacing aging,
leaking, and/or inefficient plumbing with more efficient,
water-saving plumbing. (EWC-I)
Require the use of reclaimed water for landscape irrigation
and other non-contact uses for industrial projects, golf
courses, and freeways. (LU-I)
Mitigate degradation ofthe groundwater basins that may
have already occurred by existing commercial, industrial,
and other uses.
Require the replacement of existing septic systems with
connections to a sanitation collection and treatment system
as a condition of reconstruction or reuse. (LU-I)
Require that new development incorporate improvements
to channel storm runoffto public storm drainage systems
and prevent discharge of pollutants into the groundwater
basins and waterways. . (LU-I)
Require that development in the City's watersheds
incorporate adequate landscape and groundcover to prevent
slope erosion and significant sedimentation of canyon
drainages. (LU-I)
Continue to inform the public about water conservation,
techniques and available water conservation programs they
can utilize.
City of San Bernardino
.
chapter 14. NOISE
I
\JIa 1t"'I_~U/l I
....."
'if
,~~
.1'
Chapter 14. Noise
INTRODUCTION
San Bernardino is affected by several different sources of noise, including
automobile, rail, and air traffic, sports events, commercial and industrial
activity, and periodic nuisances such as construction. Excessive levels of
noise can damage our physical health, psychological stability, social
cohesion, property values, and economic productivity. The control of
noise, therefore, is an essential component in creating a safe, compatible,
and productive environment.
Purpose
The Noise Element provides policy guidance that addresses the
generation, mitigation, avoidance, and the control of excessive noise.
Specifically, this Element addresses the following issues:
. Land use;
. Transportation related noise generated from roadways,
passenger and freight railroad operations, and air flights; and
. Spill over noise from activities such as construction, leaf
blowers, and commercial/industrial operations.
Relationship to Other Elements
The Noise Element is closely linked with the Land Use and Circulation
Elements as well as the Development Code, which contains the City's
noise standards. Together, these guidelines and standards provide for the
citywide regulation of excessive noise.
It should be recognized that the City does not have the authority to
regulate all sources of noise within the City and various other agencies
may supercede City authority. A discussion of these agencies and their
roles with respect to regulating noise is provided below. Furthermore,
various types of project funding (e.g., State Highway projects, HUD
City of San Bernardino
TPC - sac-Is Ch 14 Noise.doc
14 Noise
14-1
redevelopment, etc.) could be subject to standards that differ from the
City's.
1. Federal Highway Administration
Several major transportation routes traverse the City of San Bernardino:
State Routes 18, 30, 330, and 66, as well as Interstates 10 and 215. These
routes are subject to federal funding and, as such, are under the purview of
the Federal Highway Administration (FHW A), which has its own noise
standards. These noise standards are based on Leq and LJO values. The
FHW A design noise levels are included in Table N-l, FHW A Design
Noise Levels.
eSI2D OIse eve s
Activity Design Noise Levels 1
Category Leq (dBA) LJO (dBA) Description of Activity Category
Lands on which serenity and quiet are of
57 60 extraordinary significance and serve an important
A (exterior) (exterior) public need and where the preservation of those
qualities is essential if the area is to continue to
serve its intended purpose.
67 70 Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active
B ( exterior) (exterior) sports areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels,
schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals.
C 72 75 Developed lands, properties, or activities not
(exterior) (exterior) included in Catel!ories A or B, above
D --- --- Undeveloped lands.
52 55 Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms,
E (inteJ;ior) (interior) schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and
auditoriums.
Table N-l
FHWAD . N. L I
I Either Leq or LJO (but not both) design noise levels may be used on a project.
2. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issues formal
requirements related specifically to standards for exterior noise levels
along with policies for approving HUD-supported or assisted housing
projects in high noise areas. In general, these requirements established
three zones. These include:
· 65 dBA Ldn or less - an acceptable zone where all projects
could be approved,
14-2 City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
. Exceeding 65 dBA Ldn but not exceeding 75 dBA Ldn - a
normally unacceptable zone where mitigation measures would
be required and each project would have to be individually
evaluated for approval or denial. These measures must provide
5 dBA of attenuation above the attenuation provided by
standard construction required in a 65 to 70 dBA Ldn area and
10 dBA of attenuation in a 70 to 75 dBA Ldn area, and
. Exceeding 75 dBA Ldn - an unacceptable zone in which
projects would not, as a rule, be approved.
HUD's regulations do not include interior noise standards. Rather, a goal
of 45 dBA Ldn is set forth and attenuation requirements are geared towards
achieving that goal. HUD assumes that, using standard construction, any
building will provide sufficient attenuation so that ifthe exterior level is
65 dBA Ldn or less, the interior level will be 45 dBA Ldn or less. It should
be noted, however, that HUD regulations were created solely for
residential development requiring government funding and are not related
to the operation of other sensitive land uses such as schools or churches.
3. Federal Railroad Administration
The Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) is charged with the
regulation of railroad noise under the Noise Control Act. No federal
regulations specify absolute levels of acceptable noise that apply directly
to railroad noise and compatible land uses along rail lines. While these
regulations remain in full force, the EP A Office of Noise Abatement and
Control was closed in 1982, leaving the enforcement ofEPA regulations
to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). Table N-2, Summary of
EP AlFRA Railroad Noise Standards, summarizes the EP A railroad noise
. standards that set operating noise standards for railroad equipment and set
noise limit standards for new equipment.
City of San Bernardino
14-3
Table N-2
Summa of EP A/FRA Railroad Noise Standards
Noise Sources
Non-Switcher
Locomotives built on or
before 12/31/79
Switcher Locomotives
plus Non-Switcher
Locomotives built after
12/31/79
Measured
Distance
(feet)
100
100
100
100
100
Standard
(dBA)
73
93
95
70
87
Non-Idle Movin
Seed < 45 h
S eed>45 h
Rail Cars Cou lin
I Slow and fast exponential-time-weighting is used.
2 Note that these values are in terms of the Lrnax, and can be considerably greater than the Leq
typically used in the measurement of obtrusive noise.
Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency Railroad Noise Emission Standard (40
Code of Federal Regulations Part 201).
100
100
100
50
4. California Department of Health Services
90
88
93
92
The California Department of Health Services (DHS) Office of Noise
Control studied the correlation of noise levels and their effects on various
land uses. As a result, the DHS established four categories for judging the
severity of noise intrusion on specified land uses.
Figure N-l, Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Exposure,
presents a land use compatibility chart for community noise prepared by
the California Office of Noise Control. It identifies "normally
acceptable," "conditionally acceptable," "normally unacceptable," and
"clearly unacceptable" exterior noise levels for various land uses. A
"conditionally acceptable" designation implies new construction or
development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the
noise reduction requirements for each land use is made and needed noise
insulation features are incorporated in the design. By comparison, a
"normally acceptable" designation indicates that standard construction can
occur with no special noise reduction requirements.
14-4
City of San Bernardino
Figure N-l
Exposure
14 Noise
Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise
LAND USE CATEGORY
COMMUNITY NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL Ldn or CNEL, dBA
55
60
80
Residential-Low Density
Single Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes
Residential.Multiple Family
Transient Lodging-Motels, Hotels
SchOols, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals,
Nursing Homes
Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters
Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports
Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks
Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation
Cemeteries
Office Buildings, Businesses, Commereial,
and Prllfessional
Industrial, MAnufacturing, Utilities,
Agriculture
DNormally Aceeptable:
. Specified land use. is: satisfactory based upon
the assllmptiontbatanybuildmgs in'Yotvo.t are
of normal convei1tional constructiOt'l, y,ithout
aoyspeciaJ noise insulation requirement'.
. Couditioually Acceptable:
New constructionor' developmMuhooJd be
urnkrt1tken only after a &!!Uled analysis of
the noise reduction requirements is made and
ncedednotse -insulation featt:Il"(;1l included ill
the,design. CooventlonaJ construction, but
with closed windows and fresh ~tr supply
syirtem..<; or air conditioning will oomlaUy
suffice, Outdoorellvirunment will seem noisy..
SoW"ce: Calif{)(l1ja Offk:c of Noise Control
City of San Bernardino
75
65
70
. Normally Unacceptable:
. New construction or devcl6pmeDt should generally
he discrnaaged. If new "onstmctiou or- development
OOes proceed. a detailed analysis ofthcooise
redw::tion:reqpiri.-men1S must be made with needed
n~ iDSuIidionfeaturesiotluded in the design.
Outdo()l an=as DUI.'l1 be shielded
. Clearly Unacceptable:
New construction (II" development should
generaIlynothe undertaken. ConstruCtion
costs tomakt thcindoorcnvironment
aCCl.'JHBble 'It.'tmld be prohihitive .nd the
outdoor en..;ronment would nOt be usable.
TPC - SaC-1S Ch 14 Noise. doc
14-5
This page intentionally left blank
14-6
City of San Bernardino
Table N-3, State of California Interior and Exterior Noise Standards,
includes the State interior and exterior noise standards for varying land
uses. It is important to note that the exterior noise levels are to be attained
in "habitable" exterior areas and need not encompass the entirety of a
property.
Table N-3
State of California Interior and Exterior Noise Standards
Land Use CNEL (dBA)
Categories Uses Interior J Exterior]
Residential Single and multi-family, duplex 453 65
Mobile homes ---- 65'
Hotel, motel, transient housing 45 ---
Commercial retail, bank, restaurant 55 ---
Office building, research and 50 ---
development, professional offices
Amphitheater, concert hall, auditorium, 45 ---
Commercial movie theater
Gymnasium (Multipurpose) 50 ---
Sports Club 55 ---
Manufacturing, warehousing, wholesale, 65 ---
utilities
Movie Theaters 45 ---
Institutional/ Hospital, school classrooms/playgrounds 45 65
Public Church, library 45 ---
Open Space Parks --- 65
I Indoor environment excluding: bathrooms, kitchens, toilets, closets, and corridors
2 Outdoor environment limited to:
. Private yard of single-family dweJIings
. Multi-family private patios or balconies accessed from within the dweJIing (Balconies
6 feet deep or less are exempt)
. Mobile home parks
. Park picnic areas
. School playgrounds
. Hospital patios
3 Noise level requirement with closed windows, mechanical ventilation or other means of natural
ventilation shall be provided as per Chapter 12, Section 1205 of the Uniform Building Code.
4 Exterior noise levels should be such that interior noise levels wiJI not exceed 45 dBA CNEL.
5. City of San Bernardino Noise Ordinance
The City of San Bernardino Noise Ordinance (Section 19.20.030.15 ofthe
Development Code) specifies the maximum acceptable levels of noise for
residential uses in the City. These standards indicate that exterior noise
City of San Bernardino
TPC - SBC-15 Ch 14 Noise. doc
14 Noise
14-7
14-8
levels at residential locations should not exceed a CNEL of 65 dB while
interior levels shall not exceed an annual CNEL of 45 dB in any habitable
room. Chapter 12, Airport Overlay District, of the Development Code
provides additional noise standards related to the flight operations of the
San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center within the 65 dB
noise contours.
Definitions
The following is a list of commonly used terms and abbreviations that may
be found within this element or when discussing the topic of noise. It is
important to become familiar with the definitions listed in order to better
understand the importance of the Noise Element within the City of San
Bernardino General Plan.
.
Ambient Noise - The composite of noise from all sources near
and far. In this context, the ambient noise level constitutes the
normal or existing level of environmental noise at a given location.
.
Intrusive Noise - That noise which intrudes over and above the
existing ambient noise at a given location. The relative
intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration,
frequency and time of occurrence, and tonal or informational
content as well as the prevailing noise level.
.
dB (Decibel) - The unit of measure that denotes the ratio between
two quantities that are proportional to power; the number of
decibels corresponding to the ratio of the two amounts of power is
based on a logarithmic scale.
.
dBA (A-weighted decibel) - The A-weighted decibel scale
discriminates against upper and lower frequencies in a manner
approximating the sensitivity of the human ear. The scale is based
on a reference pressure level of20 micropascals (zero dBA). The
scale ranges from zero for the average least perceptible sound to
about 130 for the average pain level.
.
Lso - The A-weighted sound level that is exceeded 50% ofthe
sample time. Alternatively, the A-weighted sound level that is
exceeded 30 minutes in a 6O-minute period (similarly, LIO, L2S,
etc.). These values are typically used to demonstrate compliance
with noise restrictions included in the City noise ordinance.
.
Leq (Equivalent Energy Level) - The average acoustic energy
content of noise during the time it lasts. The Leq of a time-varying
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
noise and that of a steady noise are the same if they deliver the
same acoustic energy to the ear during exposure, no matter what
time of day they occur.
. Ldn (Day-Night Average Level) - The average equivalent A-
weighted sound level during a 24-hour day, obtained after the
addition of 10 decibels to sound levels in the night from 10:00 p.m.
to 7:00 a.m. Note: CNEL and Ldn represent daily levels of noise
exposure averaged on an annual or daily basis, while Leq
represents the equivalent energy noise exposure for a shorter time
period, typically one hour.
. CNEL (Community Noise Equivalent Level) - The average
equivalent A-weighted sound level during a 24-hour day, obtained
after the addition of five decibels to sound levels in the evening
from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. and after the addition of 10 decibels
to sound levels in the night from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.
. Noise Contours - Lines drawn around a noise source indicating
equal levels of noise exposure. CNEL and Ldn are the metrics used
in this document to describe annoyance due to noise and to
establish land use planning criteria for noise.
. Vibration - Another community annoyance related to noise is
vibration. As with noise, vibration can be described by both its
amplitude and frequency. Amplitude may be characterized by
displacement, velocity, and/or acceleration. Typically, particle
velocity (measured in inches or millimeters per second) and/or
acceleration (measured in gravities) are used to describe vibration.
Vibration can be felt outdoors, but the perceived intensity of
vibration impacts are much greater indoors, due to the shaking of
the structure. Some of the most common sources of vibration
come from trains and/or transit vehicles, construction equipment,
airplanes, and large vehicles. Several land uses are especially
sensitive to vibration, and therefore have a lower vibration
threshold. These uses include, but are not limited to, concert halls,
hospitals, libraries, vibration-sensitive research operations,
residential areas, schools, and offices.
City of San Bernardino
14-9
ACHIEVING THE VISION
As San Bernardino has developed and expanded its boundaries over time,
there are numerous areas of the City that are impacted by noise. For
instance, many residences are located near industrial areas or adjacent to
busy streets or rail lines. The Citizens of San Bernardino are concerned
about the effects of noise on their health and serenity and of the need to
provide the range of uses needed to maintain a high quality oflife.
There are several techniques to deal with noise impacts: applying noise
attenuation techniques, limiting certain kinds of development near noise-
producing land uses, implementing design and building techniques in site
layouts and construction, and setting and enforcing standards for noise-
producing land uses.
The Noise Element is responsive to our Vision because it represents our
stated desires to:
.
Manage and mitigate the impacts from truck traffic to decrease
congestion and noise pollution;
.
Locate future residential uses and other sensitive receptors away
from existing noise sources; and
.
Develop and employ measures to decrease the impacts associated
with air and rail operations on sensitive receptors such as
residences and schools.
14-10
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
GOALS AND POLICIES
The following presents the goals and policies for noise related issues in the
City of San Bernardino planning area.
As San Bernardino grows, the increases in population, employment, and
tourist activity may generate more traffic and attract additional noise
producing uses. Additionally, some undeveloped and underdeveloped
areas are designated for land uses that may be noise-sensitive and are
located in proximity to roadways, railroads, and transit facilities. As a
result, land use compatibility in relation to noise is an important
consideration in the planning and design process.
To identifY potential mitigation to address noise abatement strategies,
noise evaluations should be conducted when a proposed project places
sensitive land uses and major noise generators within close proximity to
each other. The City currently uses the project review process to identify
potential noise issues and works with developers or landowners to apply
site planning and other strategies to reduce noise impacts. A developer, for
example, could take advantage of the natural shape and contours of a site
to arrange buildings and other uses in a manner that would reduce, and
possibly eliminate, noise impacts. Examples of other site and architectural
techniques could include:
. Increasing the distance between noise source and receiver.
. Placing non-noise sensitive land uses such as parking lots,
maintenance facilities and utility areas between the noise source
and receiver.
. Using non-noise sensitive structures such as garages to shield
noise-sensitive areas.
. Orienting buildings to shield outdoor spaces from a noise source.
. Locating bedrooms in residential developments on the side of the
house facing away from major roads.
City of San Bernardino
14-11
_._._-_._._~~_...__......_...__._.._----_..__.__.._---_.....__.-~---------_.._._......_._.._-_._~~--_._........__.__._--_.._-._._-_.~-._...._..._..._--._---_._~-_._.._--~--
Goal 14.1 Ensure that residents are protected from excessive
________~?ise _!~roug!1~~_re!~L~~_n_~J?lafl~lfl1L______________________
Policies:
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.1.4
Minimize, reduce, or prohibit, as may be required, the new
development of housing, health care facilities, schools,
libraries, religious facilities, and other noise sensitive uses
in areas where existing or future noise levels exceed an Ldn
of 65 dB(A) exterior and an Ldn of 45 dB(A) interior if the
noise cannot be reduced to these levels. (LV-I)
Require that automobile and truck access to commercial
properties abutting residential parcels be located at the
maximum practical distance from the residential parcel.
(LV-I)
Require that all parking for commercial uses abutting
residential areas be enclosed within a structure, buffered by
walls, and/or limited hours of operation. (LV-I)
Prohibit the development of new or expansion of existing
industrial, commercial, or other uses that generate noise
impacts on housing, schools, health care facilities or other
sensitive uses above a Ldn of65 dB(A). (LV-I)
San Bernardino has long been a hub of transportation and includes several
major highways (such as State Routes 18, 30, 330, and 66, as well as
Interstates 10 and 215), major arterials, railways, and the San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center. These transportation facilities,
while important components to mobility and economic vitality, are the
major contributors of noise in San Bernardino. Cost effective strategies to
reduce their influence on the community noise environment are an
essential part of the Noise Element.
Local government has little direct control of some of the transportation
related noise at the source. These levels are set by state and federal
agencies. However, the City does have some control over transportation
noise that exceeds State and/or federal standards through the enforcement
of the Municipal Code.
14-12
City of San Bernardino
The most effective method the City has to mitigate transportation noise is
through the application of noise barriers and site design review. The
effect of a noise barrier is critically dependent on the distance between the
noise source and the receiver. A noise barrier effect occurs when the
barrier penetrates the "line of sight" between the source and receiver: the
greater the penetration or height of the barrier, the greater the noise
reduction. Additional attenuation can be achieved depending upon the
source oftransportation related noise.
1 . Roadways
Roadways are a significant source of noise in the City. Sound emanates
from vehicle engines and from the tires rolling over the pavement. One
way the City can control vehicle noise is through speed reduction. A
change of just 5 miles per hour can change the resultant noise by
approximately one to two dBA. The difference in noise associated with a
reduction of 10 miles per hour reduction could be roughly equivalent to
reducing the traffic volume by one-half.
The City also has some control over traffic-generated noise through
weight limitations and the designation of truck routes. Medium trucks,
(i.e., those with a gross vehicle weight between 5 and 13.25 tons) produce
as much acoustical energy as approximately 5 to 16 automobiles
depending on the speed, with slower speeds demonstrating greater
differential. Similarly, heavy trucks (i.e., those with a gross vehicle
weight in excess of 13.25 tons) produce as much acoustical energy as 10
to 60 automobiles.
The City can further reduce traffic-generated noise by ensuring that street
paving is maintained and bumps and dips are eliminated. Poor paving
causes vehicles to bounce and this bouncing exacerbates the noise due to
the rattling ofthe vehicle. Noise contours for the City's roadways and
freeways are presented in Figure N-2, Future Roadway Noise Contours,
and Figure N-3, Future Freeway and Railroad Noise Contours.
2. Aircraft
The San Bernardino International Airport (SBIA) accommodates cargo,
airlines, and general aviation with the capacity to provide regional air
traffic for domestic and international service, both commercial and cargo
along with the necessary support facilities for major and smaller airlines.
Airport operations generate noise nuisances that could negatively impact
nearby residences and businesses. The number of people exposed to
airport noise should be minimized by limiting the development of
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
Airport Noise Contours
As of the writing of this
General Plan, the Airport
Master Plan and the
Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) for SBlA
were in the process of
being prepared. As a
consequence, the precise
noise contours were not
available to include in this
Plan. However, relative
policies have been
included in the General
, Plan. Upon adoption of
,
: the Airport Master Plan
! and CLUP, the new noise
contours will be
, incorporated into Figure
I LU-4 of this General Plan.
,
14-13
Airport Related Policies in
our General Plan
The San Bernardino
International Airport
(SBIA) influences many
aspects of our conununity:
from land use and
economics, to circulation,
noise, and safety.
Accordingly, see related
discussions/policies in the
Land Use (Chapter 2) and
Noise (Chapter 14)
Chapters.
14-14
sensitive land uses, such as residences, hospitals, and schools, within
specified noise contours. For planning purposes, federal and state laws
have established well-defined regulations for acceptable noise levels with
the basic criterion set at a maximum 65 decibel (dB) Community Noise
Equivalent Level (CNEL) value. The noise contours for the San
Bernardino International Airport are defined in the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan (CLUP) for the SBIA and shown in Figure LU-4, San
Bernardino International Airport Planning Boundaries. While there are
some acceptable mitigation within the noise contours, avoidance by noise
sensitive uses is often the best remedy. Conversely, those land uses with
the fewest people or those that generate significant noise levels themselves
(e.g. industrial uses), are ideally suited to locate within these noise
contours.
Overflight creates another noise concern. An overflight is a distinctly
visible and audible passage of an aircraft, not necessarily one that is
directly overhead. Overflight often extends past the boundary of the
defined CNEL contour and creates an annoyance. The SBIA has limited
control of overflight impacts but provide policy guidance for minimizing
these impacts in the CLUP.
In addition, local helicopter air traffic is commonplace throughout the
City. News and other helicopters (e.g., freeway traffic report helicopters)
fly through the area. Helicopter use for fire and police and at hospitals is
considered as an emergency activity and is addressed by FAA regulations.
There are currently five heliports in San Bernardino (National Orange
Show, Red Dog Properties, San Bernardino Community Hospital, SCE
Eastern Division, and in the Tri-City area).
3. Railways
Another prevalent source of noise in the City is from railroad operations.
Within the San Bernardino planning area, trains travel on three different
rail lines that include: (1) The Cajon Pass Line; (2) The Main Line-
Redlands, which extends eastward to the City of Red lands; and, (3) The
Main Line-Colton, which extends westward to the City of Colton.
Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and Union Pacific (UP) also
operate rail lines within the City. These rail lines include: (1) The Santa
Fe Subdivision Two Line; (2) The Santa Fe Subdivision Three Line; and,
(3) The Santa Fe Cajon Pass Line. Each route contributes a different level
of noise to the City resulting from the different volumes of train traffic
that occur on each line.
City of San Bernardino
Railroad noise is dependant on a number of factors including the number
of operations per day, the times these operations occur, the numbers of
engines and railcars, the speed, the type of rail (i.e., continuous or bolted),
and whether at-grade rail crossings exist that require engineers to sound a
warning horn. Noise contours for railway operations are presented in
Figure N-3, Future Freeway and Railroad Noise Contours.
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
14-15
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14-16
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
Figure N-2 Future Roadway Noise Contours
Place on an odd page
Graphic forthcoming. The creation of this graphic will
occur during the noise analysis for the EIR.
City of San Bernardino
14-17
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14-18
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
Graphic forthcoming. The creation of this graphic will
occur during the noise analysis for the ElR.
Figure N-3 Future Freeway and Railroad Noise Contours
Place on an odd page
City of San Bernardino
14-19
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14-20
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
Goal 14.2 Encourage the reduction of noise from transportation-
related noise sources such as motor vehicles, aircraft
.____.._____c:>E~ratic:>..I1_~~~~._~J~ro.~~_!!lovements.____________
Policies:
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
14.2.9
Work with Caltrans to landscape or install mitigation
elements along freeways and highways adjacent to existing
residential subdivisions or noise-sensitive uses to reduce
noise impacts. (N-l)
Employ noise mitigation practices when designing future
streets and highways, and when improvements occur along
existing road segments. Mitigation measures should
emphasize the establishment of natural buffers or setbacks
between the arterial roadways and adjoining noise-sensitive
areas. (N-l)
Require that development that increases the ambient noise
level adjacent to noise-sensitive land uses provide
appropriate mitigation measures. (LU-l)
Maintain roadways so that the paving is in good condition
and free of cracks, bumps, and potholes. (A-2)
Require sound walls, berms, and landscaping along existing
and future highways and railroad right-of-ways to beautify
the landscape and reduce noise. (N-l)
Buffer residential neighborhoods from noise caused by
train operations and increasing high traffic volumes along
major arterials and freeways. (N-l)
Require heliports/helistops to comply with Federal
Aviation Administration standards.
Minimize noise attributable to vehicular travel in
residential neighborhoods by inhibiting through trips by the
use of cul-de-sacs, one-way streets, and other traffic
controls.
Enforce sections of the California Vehicle Code related to
mufflers and modified exhaust systems.
City of San Bernardino
14-21
14.2.1 0
14.2.11
14.2.12
14.2.13
14.2.14
14.2.15
14.2.16
14.2.17
14.2.18
14.2.19
14-22
Provide for the development of alternate transportation
modes such as bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways to
minimize the number of automobile trips. (LU-1)
Require that new equipment and vehicles purchased by the
City comply with noise performance standards consistent
with the best available noise reduction technology. (A-3)
Require that commercial and industrial uses implement
transportation demand management programs consistent
with the Air Quality Management Plan that provide
incentives for car pooling, van pools, and the use of public
transit to reduce traffic and associated noise levels in the
City. (LU-1)
Work with local agencies and businesses to provide public
transit services that reduce traffic and associated noise.
Work with public transit agencies to ensure that the buses,
vans, and other vehicles used do not generate excessive
noise levels.
Work with all railroad operators in the City to properly
maintain lines and establish operational restrictions during
the early morning and late evening hours to reduce impacts
in residential areas and other noise sensitive areas.
Work with all railroad operators to install noise mitigation
features where operations impact existing adjacent
residential or other noise-sensitive uses.
Ensure that new development is compatible with the noise
compatibility criteria and noise contours as defined in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the SBIA and depicted
in Figure LU-4.
Limit the development of sensitive land uses located within
the 65 decibel (dB) Community Noise Equivalent Level
(CNEL) contour, as defined in the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan for the SBIA and depicted in Figure LU-4.
As may be necessary, require acoustical analysis and
ensure the provision of effective noise mitigation measures
for sensitive land uses, especially residential uses, in areas
significantly impacted by noise.
City of San Bernardino
14 Noise
The City currently has a diverse collection ofland uses, most of which
generate their own noise. Industrial facilities generate noise through
various processes that involve the use of heavy equipment and machinery.
Commercial facilities and residential units can generate noise from the use
of heating, ventilating, air conditioning (HV AC) units, pool and spa
pumps, as well as landscape maintenance equipment. Additionally,
schoolyard activities, barking dogs, and residential parties can also be
sources of nuisance noise.
Mixed-use areas that place more sensitive residential uses alongside or
above commercial uses can present their own problems. Requiring that
the commercial aspect meet a residential standard could make commercial
operations difficult and offer an unfair competitive advantage to a similar
operation placed in a dedicated commercial zone. Alternatively, applying
a commercial standard to a mixed-use project could result in unacceptable
noise levels at the residential portion of the structure/site. Still, mixed-use
projects offer several advantages from both an air quality and
transportation perspective, and should be encouraged.
Another source of noise comes from the operations oftrucks and trains
within the City. As previously mentioned, the operation of railroad trains
and heavy trucks is preempted from local noise regulation while operating
on public roads and dedicated right-of-ways. However, noise is also
generated by operations (e.g., idling, loading, and unloading) that occur at
facilities. Once on private property, these sources are no longer
considered preempted and the City has authority to regulate this noise if it
"spills" into adjacent areas.
Finally, construction in all land use zones can temporarily elevate noise.
The City recognizes that construction is a necessity; still, various measures
are available to reduce this nuisance (and potentially hazardous) noise
when necessary.
City of San Bernardino
14-23
Goal 14.3
Policies:
14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.3.8
14-24
Protect residents from the negative effects of "spill
over" or nuisance noise.
Require that construction activities adjacent to residential
units be limited as necessary to prevent adverse noise
impacts. (LU-l)
Require that construction activities employ feasible and
practical techniques that minimize the noise impacts on
adjacent uses. (LU-l)
Adopt and enforce a standard for exterior noise levels for
all commercial uses that prevents adverse levels of
discernible noise on adjoining residential properties. (A-I)
Adopt and enforce a standard for exterior noise levels from
the use of leaf blowers, motorized lawn mowers, parking
lot sweepers, or other high-noise equipment on commercial
properties if their activity will result in noise that adversely
affects abutting residential parcels. (A-I)
Require that the hours of truck deliveries to commercial
properties abutting residential uses be limited unless there
is no feasible alternative or there are overriding
transportation benefits by scheduling deliveries at another
hour. (LU-l)
Ensure that buildings are constructed soundly to prevent
adverse noise transmission between differing uses located
in the same structure and individual residences in multi-
family buildings. (LU-l)
Require that commercial uses in structures containing
residences on upper floors not be noise intensive. (LU-I)
Require common walls and floors between commercial and
residential uses be constructed to minimize the
transmission of noise and vibration. (LU-l)
City of San Bernardino
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APPENDICES
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
Appendix 1
Implementation Measures
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1 Implementation Matrix.doc
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Introduction
Because of the scale and complexity of the environments that make up San Bernardino, it is
essential to have a clear sense of priorities in deciding what steps to take in carrying out this
newly established policy direction. A basic consideration is the limited existing and future
institutional and financial resources that can reasonably be devoted to General Plan
implementation. Focus will be required to get the most of whatever resources are available.
The primary mechanism for allocating resources to implementation activities is the annual
budget process and the Capital Improvement Program. Thus, it is essential to translate initiatives
identified in this program into funded budget actions as soon as practicable.
This appendix is divided into several sections that further delineate the commitment to General
Plan implementation. A Purpose section outlines what the Implementation Program seeks to
accomplish. A further section describes in summary fashion how the Implementation Program is
related to the Vision. The final section defines the program scope.
Two points are important to understand regarding the Implementation Measures. The first is that
there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between implementation measures and policies.
Many General Plan policies do not require special initiatives; they are implemented through 0
existing processes, such as development project review procedures. Conversely, some measures
implement more than one policy; sometimes an entire cluster of policies related to a particular
subject area.
A second point is that the five-year action plan that is mandated as part of the Housing Element
appears in this appendix. Because of the unique nature of the Housing Element, the format of
this material differs from the rest of the Implementation Program.
Purpose
The main purposes for this Implementation Measures include:
. Sustaining the momentum achieved by the adoption of the General Plan;
. Supporting the Vision;
. Focusing resources where they can most advance the General Plan;
. Rapidly satisfy legal requirements as specified in the Government Code;
. Providing robust support for private sector and public sector commitments to the Plan;
. Providing leverage for other dependent actions; and
. Responding to the most critical issues in as timely a manner as possible.
These purposes are served largely through two types of implementation measures. The first is
the processing of development projects and public facility projects. Most, but not all, of the
General Plan policies are carried out through the project review process.
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
The second type of initiative is a dedicated action that must be designed and taken. It may
involve creating a new ordinance, making an organizational change, obtaining new funding,
updating current processing procedures or technical standards, or seeking desired legislative
changes. These and other initiatives are simply aimed at strengthening the City's capabilities to
implement the General Plan.
Achieving the Vision
The General Plan is based on a comprehensive Vision. The Implementation Measures are
especially critical to certain aspects of the Vision, as it reflects certain values expressed in the
Vision, and through its commitment to selected Vision concepts. Some examples are noted
below.
Quality management that enables the City to achieve quality results from implementing the
General Plan;
Sustaining desirable qualities in the living environment over time;
Cost containment to achieve the General Plan;
Intergovernmental coordination to facilitate collaboration with other governmental entities
where that offers mutual benefits.
Creation of flexible tools that offer the ability to respond to a variety of physical conditions
and circumstances;
Availability of public facilities and services when they are needed;
Integration of open space into the fabric of community development as well as in larger
concentrations and corridors;
Building distinctive communities with their own identities and characteristics in response to
local conditions;
Applying quality development standards that ensure continued value of private and public
improvements;
Integrating land uses and circulation systems so that multiple modes of transportation are
available wherever possible; and
Establishing partnerships with other public, quasi-public and private interests where joint
action is more effective than independent action.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1/mplementation Matrix.doc
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kADMINISTRATI()N~"<'~~" ';"'~
A-I Development Code Update, Incorporate the following new provisions of the General Plan
into the Development Code:
o Necessary provisions to achieve the intent of the Strategic Policy Areas, including:
Allow flexibility in the allowable uses and signage in the Redlands Boulevard
Strategic Area.
o Promote the conversion of apartments in the Residential Conversion/Restoration
Strategic Area.
o Incorporate applicable portions of the Corridor Improvement Program.
o Modify development standards, including parking, setback, landscaping, and
road/driveway width, to allow the flexibility accommodate the preservation of historic
buildings and the adaptive reuse of structures.
o Update and tailor design and development standards to address the hazards posed by
high wildfire and wind hazards, especially in the northern portions of the City. The
standards should account for local variations in conditions.
o Allow for the use of alternative energy systems provided that they meet all public
safety, health, and welfare requirements and are proven to be reliable.
o Adopt a Preservation Ordinance that authorizes the City to designate any site, building,
area or vegetation deemed to be of historical, architectural, or cultural significance as a
San Bernardino City Historical landmark or district. Such ordinance shall conform to
State and Federal criteria for establishing a preservation ordinance and the Historic and
Archeological Element.
o Necessary changes in the Noise Ordinance to reflect the adopted CLUP for the SBIA.
Explore the desirability for the following potential amendments:
o A menu of incentives, such as modified development standards (e.g. parking, setback,
landscaping, FAR, density, or road/driveway width) and other suitable provisions to act
as acceptable trade-offs for:
Desirable public amenities
Energy and resource conservation/efficiency
o Measures that provide options to automobile travel (e.g. carpool spaces, transit
stops, etc..)
The provision of needed parklands and trails, especially in Verdemont Heights.
o Refinements to the list of allowable uses to discourage the proliferation of marginal
commercial uses, such as thrift stores and check cashing stores.
o Revisions to the Hillside Management Overlay to permit greater design flexibility.
o Refinements to the non-conforming provisions to allow a process to utilize non-
conforming structures and uses without meeting all of the eurrent requirements for
beneficial u'ses.
A-2 Capital Improvements Program. Propose the following items for incorporation into the CIP
on an annual basis:
o Entries and corridors improvement master plan.
o Neighborhood Improvement Plans.
o Neighborhood/District Design Improvement Plans.
o Strategic Policy Areas.
o Parks, trails, and recreational facilities and improvements.
o Community facilities and improvements.
o City identity generating projects, sueh as entry signs, landscaping, and gateways, to
facilitate continuous progress toward the desired City image.
o Circulation and transportation improvements.
o Traffic control devises.
o Infrastructure im rovements and installations.
Funding.
o Establish a focused program for funding downtown improvements including, but not
limited to grant funding from state, federal and foundation sources.
o A ro riate staffin levels.
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Administration
All Departments
A-3
Administration
All Departments
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City of San Bernardino
1m lementation Measure
o Adopt a funding source, priority and implementation program as part of the City's
Parks, Trails and Recreation Master Plan.
o Maintain funding programs for library and cultural and arts facilities and programs.
o Installation and maintenance of street trees and streetscape along street frontages.
o Community services, programs, and staffing.
o Art and cultural programs.
o Transportation improvements.
o City leadership initiatives (e.g. Alternative fueled vehicles, energy efficient buildings).
o Explore creative methods, such as deferred fees, as an incentive for the provision of
recreational facilities and amenities.
,I.:MI> QSE ELEMENt; .,~",~:. '~\' "
LU-I Develop a Project Review Checklist to ensure that all development projects are reviewed for
their design quality and impacts on immediate surroundings, This comprehensive checklist
should include:
o Use, size, location, aesthetics, and land use compatibility.
o Economic and fiscal viability,
o Trips generated and circulation impacts.
o Infrastructure and service demands.
o Environmental analysis (CEQA).
o Fire and police demands.
o Solid waste capacity.
o Flooding, fire, and seismic hazards.
o Liquefaction potential.
o Geological and geotechnical investigations in areas of potential seismic or geologic
hazards.
o In the areas susceptible to slope instability, require geotechnical investigations
o Emergency access.
o Parks, trails, and recreation facilities.
o Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and defensible space
techniques.
o NPDES requirements.
o Noise exposure, generation, and impacts (especially for uses proposed within the
65dBA CNEL contours from rail operations and airports).
o Incorporation of public art.
. All discretionary projects should include reviews by all relevant City Departments and
ublic a encies that rovide infrastructure, facilities or services.
Establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the County of San Bernardino to conform Development Services
development projects within the City's sphere of influence to the City's General Plan.
Develop a process to identify, review, and comment on projects within the City's Sphere of
Influence. This process should evaluate:
. Use, size, location, aesthetics, and land use compatibility.
o Trips generated and circulation impacts,
o Infrastructure and service provision.
. Parks and recreation facilities and services.
o Fire and olice demands.
Strategic Policy Areas. On an annual basis, initiate actions within two of the Strategic Policy Development Services
Areas. Report progress toward achieving the goals of the Strategic Areas to the Planning
Commission and Common Council.
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LU-2
LU-3
LU-4
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
Neighborhood Improvement Program (See Appendix 2). On an annual basis, identify and
initiate actions within two target neighborhoods. Report progress toward achieving the goals
of the Neighborhood Improvement Program to the Planning Commission and Common
Council.
Development Services
Economic Devel.
Development Services
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1/mp/ementation Matrix.doc
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1m lementation Measure
Plan, specifically:
. Private property and landscape maintenance.
. Use of private property.
. Enforcement of conditions of approval.
. Fire protection, including weed abatement and building inspection.
. Public education Maintenance/U kee .
,IIISTORIeAt'AND.ARe.HAEot6GR:ALR]$6JJ:o~CESELEME.~:r.~I~..
HAR-I Establish a design review process for potential development projects in or adjacent to
Historic Preservation Overlay Zones or designated historic resources that will ensure
compatible development in terms of scale, massing, building materials and general
architectural treatment. Guidelines established for the Main Street program in downtown San
Bernardino shall be utilized as the framework to establish an HPOZ in the Main Street
district area.
HAR-2 Adopt the language and intent of the Secretary oflnterior Standards for Historic
Rehabilitation and standards and guidelines as prescribed by the State Office of Historic
Preservation as the architectural and landscape design standards for rehabilitation, alteration,
or additions to properties containing historic resources in order to preserve these properties
in a manner consistent with their architectural and historical significance.
HAR-3 Establish a Historic Resources Commission that will review and recommend preservation
ordinances and guidelines, recommend designation of sites, structures and buildings, and
recommend design standards and review procedures for restoration, adaptive reuse, or
alteration. The Historic Resources Commission should have adequate power to protect
designated properties.
HAR-4 Adopt the Mills Act program that provides for a reduction in property taxes for historic
properties.
I ECONOMIC .l)EYELOJ>MENr.ELEl\fENt~;rkl:~~,
E-l Require a fiscal impact report on appropriate zone and general plan amendments and for
projects for which the preparation of an EIR is required.
E-2 Develop and monitor an equitable impact fee program that ensures that one-time public
improvement costs, including all related off-site improvements, are fully covered by the
developer.
E-3 Conduct periodic surveys of business owners and residents about the City's performance in
meeting shopping and employment needs.
E-4 Inventory and map vacant and underutilized properties in Redevelopment Project Areas and
use the City's internet site as an information repository for the real estate sector.
E-5 Develop a list of desirable target industries and develop strategies to attract those businesses
to the City.
E-6 Pursue an aggressive marketing campaign involving mailings, personal contact, or other
strategies to establish and maintain an awareness of available business investment
opportunities in San Bernardino.
E-? Work with existing property owners and tenants to determine the land, building, and parking
requirements needed to update or expand businesses as an alternative to business relocation.
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E-8 Develop joint job training and placement programs with CSUSB to educate and retain the
City's workforce pool.
"coMMuMry .QESIGNJ'ELEMEl'I~~~l~~~'t""..,jt..~'.'l{i'!':
CD-I Adopt an entries and corridors improvement master plan to strengthen and unify the City's
image. The master plan should address:
. Achievement of the Community Design Plan (Figure CD-I of the General Plan).
. The design and installation of special treatments at identified City gateways.
. The incorporation of the City's logo into street furniture, street signs and other signage.
. Inco oration of ublic art into ri hts-of-wa, atewa s, and rivate ro'ects.
Administration
Economic Devel.
Economic Devel.
Economic Devel.
Administration
Economic Devel.
Administration
Economic Devel.
Administration
Develo ment Services
Economic Devel.
Administration
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City of San Bernardino
Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
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1m lementation Measure
. Incorporation of themed lighting.
. Incorporation of streetscape (kiosks, paving, benches, trash receptacles, etc.
. The types and spacing of trees street furniture and landscaping along all along major
thoroughfares.
. The consistent use of landscaping that identifies City streets, residential neighborhoods,
commercial districts, and entry points, including species, minimum size, and irrigation
requirements.
. Private signage.
. Screenin of utilities and infrastructure.
CD-2 Establish a sign age program for determining the design, placement and financing Development Services
responsibilities of City entry/welcome signs per the Community Design Plan (Figure CD-I
of the General Plan).
CD-3 NeighborhoodIDistrict Design Improvement Plans. Identify 2 neighborhoods or districts Development Services
each year in which to focus design, landscaping, streetscape, signage, themes, and
maintenance efforts.
(::IRtuLAtIO~ ELEMENt-T...
C-I Work with Caltrans to ensure that construction of new facilities includes attractively
designed sound walls or other mitigating noise barriers to reduce noise impacts on adjacent
land uses
o
Prepare neighborhood protection plans for areas of the City where heavy vehicle traffic
becomes a significant enforcement problem.
Develop parking and traffic control plans for neighborhoods adversely impacted by parking
and traffic.
r PTIl1TIES .ELElvlENT,'.', ..
U-I Negotiate an agreement with the County of San Bernardino so that no development projects are
approved in the City's Sphere of Influence that cannot be served with adequate wastewater
collection and treatment facilities.
C-2
C-3
Development Services
Development Services
Development Services
Administration
U-2 Utilize applicable funds to underground existing above-ground utility facilities needed to serve Development Services
new development, and develop a priority list to determine which facilities should be
underground to best serve the public benefit.
U-3 Extend the system of geothermal to accommodate future commercial and governmental uses. Water
. JiUB,LIC FA:c;mi:riESAND 8ER.YIC.ES:.ll
PFS- I Establish an education and training consortium among the City, local school, community
college districts, University San Bernardino, and local employers. The focus of this
consortium should be on:
. Assessing educational services in the City.
. Work related education programs.
. Neighborhood improvements.
. Marketing San Bernardino.
. Community safety.
. Funding opportunities.
. Maintenance and code enforcement.
PFS-2 Document and report emergency/police response events and services. The effectiveness of Police
the services to adequately respond to emergencies shall be assessed. Specific deficiencies,
their contributing causes, and potential means to correct these shall be identified.
PFS-3 Study the feasibility of assessing fees on development for new/expanded fire and police Administration
facilities and services as necessitated by that development.
PFS-4 Develop and implement the master plan of culture and arts. The master plan should address: Administration
funding and acquisition, facilities, programs, staffing.
PFS-5 Survey the research needs and interests of the community. This could be conducted through Library
door-to-door or mail surve s. Based u on the results of the surve , the libra shall attem t
c
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1/mp/ementation Matrix.doc
7
1m lementation Measure
to acquire books, periodicals and other forms of information for the residents.
~ J.>AIlliS,REGR}~A TIO!'i A!'ii:>.~TRAILSJ.1;LEl\1EN1;l"i~b'[;?
PRT-l Prepare a parks and recreation master plan that addresses:
o Development and design standards (ratio of acreage to population, types, size, function,
location, characteristics, relationship to adjacent properties, facility layout, landscape,
etc.).
o Areas in need of recreational areas, facilities, and programs.
o A phased strategy for addressing parkland deficiencies, acquisition of parklands,
development offacilities.
o Ongoing evaluation of park improvements to test for safety compliance and effective
maintenance.
o An evaluation of existing and planned school facilities for the potential of joint
use/development with the City.
o Current and projected recreational needs.
o Standards for a defensible space (i.e., physical design characteristics that minimize
criminal activity) and coordinate with the Police Department to ensure design review of
park development plans.
o Lighting, equipment, landscaping, signage, and design.
o Staffing and personnel.
o Hours of operation.
o Bicycle facilities.
o Multi-purpose trails and connections (pedestrian, bicycle, equestrian).
o Bikeway and trail guidelines (standards, signage)
o The locations for acquisition for future parks specified by type (mini, neighborhood,
community, and regional).
o Fees.
o The potential for variation in parkland requirements in Verdemont.
o Function, facilities, and programs to be provided at each site.
o Acquisition and improvement costs and funding sources.
o Maintenance schedules.
o Priorities for im lementation.
PRT-2 Acquire funding, facilities, equipment, and land for parks and set up a program for land
banking for future recreation needs.
PRT-3 Initiate discussions with utility providers, United States Army Corps of Engineers, County
Flood Control and the City's Public Works Department, the Forest Service, California State
University, San Bernardino, Valley College, and other agencies to determine which open
space opportunities have potential for public use and negotiate agreements accordingly. In
particular, focus on the multiple uses of the Santa Ana River, Cajon Creek, Lytle Creek,
canyon drainages, and/or storm water detention channels.
PRT-4 Evaluate recreation needs, programs, function, maintenance, and park design through the use
of surveys, on-site user evaluations and web-based forms.
A'L:\nilMt'RES(itJRCES EtEl\1ENT~lIr" .
NR- I Evaluate all utility corridors and flood control channels with respect to opportunities for
public access and joint recreational uses, and enter into joint use agreements to facilitate such
joint uses, where feasible with the utility agencies and the San Bernardino County Flood
Control District.
NR-2 Conduct a study to determine the feasibility of the City's use of vehicles powered by engines
using methanol or other alternative clean-burning energy source. If possible, such non-
polluting vehicles should replace the City's fleet, as they are normally retired.
~);NJ.1;RGY,ANj).WATER.CONS~RYATlON;J.1;LE~tJ.1;N.rf.f:ll'
EWC-I Evaluate the means and establish an appropriate program by which water and energy
efficient fixtures and water/energy-saving design elements can be installed in existing
structures.
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Community Services
Administration
Parks, Recreation and
Community Services
Parks, Recreation and
Community Services
Administration
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Development Services
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
1m lementalion Measure
EWC-2 Develop environmental and water/energy-efficient design guidelines for new construction.
EWC-3 Perform energy audits on all existing City buildings identifying levels of existing energy use
and potential conservation measures.
tSAFETYELEl\{ENT"d",~{~:y'} ",.
Sol Use the City's web site to communicate to the City's residents, workers and visitors the
hazards specific to the City, and, most importantly, to describe the loss reduction strategies
that homeowners and workers can implement at home and the work place to reduce their
risk.
S-2 Actively enforce the City's code requirements for weed abatement, site maintenance and
other fire hazard mitigation.
S-3 Require that all new roofing materials be fire resistant and preferably Class A rated. This
applies to both new construction and replacement roofs. Encourage residents with existing
wood-shingle or unrated roofing materials to upgrade to fire resistive construction, including
fire resistant eves and awnings.
S-4 Install traffic signal pre-emption devices at critical intersections and in all fire apparatus.
S-5 Complete and implement a Recycled Water Master Plan to include:
o A broad customer base.
o A supply and distribution system to serve the entire customer base.
o A long-term capital improvements financing plan.
o Ongoing fee mechanism to recover the City's costs of developing and maintaining a
rec c1ed water s stem.
!t'NOISE ELEMENT'~: ".
N-I Require that new road projects mitigate noise to within 5 dBA of existing levels if the noise
level remains within the goals of the General Plan Noise Element or 3 dBA of existing levels
if the noise exceeds or would exceed these goals at any existing sensitive land uses or any
vacant areas slated for subsequent sensitive development.
N-2 Establish staffing expertise for its code enforcement to respond to mitigate noise violations.
City of San Bernardino
*\r-;.f~
Police
Fire
Development Services
Police
Fire
Develo ment Services
Development Services
Development Services
Water
ll~
Development Services
Development Services
fAppendix 1/mp/ementation Matrix.doc
9
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Housing Element, Quantified Objectives
State law requires that the Housing Element contain "a statement of the community's goals,
quantified objectives, and policies relative to the maintenance, preservation, improvement, and
development of housing." The City's quantified objectives address:
. The number of new housing units by income group to be accommodated on vacant land and
through sites suitable for redevelopment
. The number of dwelling units to be rehabilitated
. The number of new affordable dwelling units for which funding assistance will be provided
. The number of assisted multifamily rental housing units to be preserved as affordable units
between 2000 and 20 I 0
The objectives shown in the following programs for affordable housing are based, in part, on the
level of City accomplishments under the 1989 Housing Element and, in part, on the anticipated
level of resources that will be available to assist low- and moderate-income households during
the period covered by the 2000 Housing Element.
Housing Programs
o
1. Provision of Adequate Sites
As described in the section entitled "Future Residential Growth Areas," there are about 4,911
acres of vacant single-family residential land (with allowed densities of one to 12 units per acre),
918 acres of vacant multi-family residential land (with allowed densities of 12 to 47 dwelling
units per acre), and 761 acres of commercial/residentialland (with allowed densities of 12 to 130
dwelling units per acre). The City will ensure that an appropriate mix of land use districts is
maintained to accommodate housing opportunities for all income levels.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Ongoing implementation of the General Plan and Zoning Code
General Fund
2. Development Review Committee (DRC)
Continue weekly meeting of the DRC to review site plans and schematics and to provide
developers with coordinated development processing.
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10
City of San Bernardino
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Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
Joint responsibility of all City departments involved in permit
processing for development; coordinated by the Planning
Division.
Ongoing
General Fund
3. Energy and Water Conservation
Continue to require that all new housing construction meet the standards of energy and water
conservation prescribed by Title 24.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Building Plan Check and
Inspection Divisions
Ongoing
General Fund
4. Infill Housing Program
This program was designed to create high quality housing on unimproved vacant) infill sites
within established neighborhoods throughout the City. The City works with local developers and
. lending institutions interested in joint ventures to create affordable housing opportunities for
first-time homebuyei-s.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Year Units
2001 60
2002 60
2003 60
2004 60
2005 60
Total 300
5. Mortgage Revenue Bond Program
Continue to issue bonds for both single-family and multi-family construction as necessary. This
program is currently constrained by new limitations on bonding authority by the State and by
changes in Federal tax laws.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing as projects are proposed
!Appendix 1/mp/ementation Matrix.doc
11
Funding:
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Contingent upon State bonding cap, allocated annually by State
Mortgage Bond and Tax Credit Allocation Committee
6. Provision for Mobile Homes
Continue to permit mobile homes on permanent foundations in all residential land use
designation permits, including the development of mobile home subdivisions as defined in the
Land Use Element.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Ongoing
General Fund
Year Units
2001 70
2002 70
2003 70
2004 70
2005 70
Total 350
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7. Provision for Special Needs Housing
Continue to permit the development of senior citizen and senior care housing in the CR-2
(located downtown), CO-I, CO-2, CG-2, and the RU-l and RU-2, RM, RMH and RH zones. In
addition, the special needs of identified groups will also continue to be permitted and
encouraged, including housing for persons with disabilities, female-headed households, students,
large families and persons with AIDS/HIV.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Ongoing
General Fund
8. Building and Safety Inspection
Determine the feasibility of contract plan checking and inspection services, to supplement City
staff, during peak periods of permit activity.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
12
Development Services Department, Plan Check Division
Annually through budget process
General Fund
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
9. Density Bonus
Continue to implement State Government Code Section 65915 requiring local governments to
grant a density bonus of at least 25%, and at least one regulatory incentive (if necessary for
financial feasibility), to developers who agree to make 25% of units in a new housing
development affordable to low-income households (households earning 50% to 80% of County
median income) or 10% affordable to very low income households (households at 50% or less of
County median income). In addition, the City will continue to implement Development Code
provisions, which permit the development of senior citizen and senior congregate-care units up
to 50% above the permissible density in all multi-family designated areas and CG-2, up to 150
units per acre in the downtown area, and 54 units per acre in commercial office designated areas.
Responsible Department:
Development Services Department, Planning Division -
Implementation; Economic Development Agency - Monitoring
Ongoing
General Fund and Redevelopment housing funds
Time Frame:
Funding:
10. Fees and Development Standards
Investigate the feasibility of reducing or waiving City-imposed building fees and modification of
development standards as they relate to infill housing in older, established neighborhoods.
Responsible Department:
Development Services Department, Planning
Division/Building Plan Check Division
Within 2 years of adoption of the Housing Element
General Fund
Time Frame:
Funding:
11. Retrofit Program
Continue to respond to complaints about deteriorated or vacant residential buildings by
inspecting the buildings and requiring owners to comply with applicable codes.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Code Compliance Division
Ongoing
General Fund
12. Neighborhood Housing Rehabilitation Program
Continue the neighborhood housing rehabilitation program, which makes loans at a 3% interest
rate to eligible families earning less than 80% of the County median income. Loans are made to
single-family homeowners to bring their property into conformity with current UBC (Uniform
Building Code) standards. The maximum loan amount is $35,000 per property and payback
periods are worked out on a case-by-case basis.
Responsible Department:
Economic Development Agency
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1/mplementation Matrix.doc
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Time Frame:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Year Units
2001 20
2002 20
2003 20
2004 20
2005 20
Total 100
13. Acquisition Rehabilitation Resale Program
The City contracts with nonprofit and/or for-profit developers and assist them in acquiring and
rehabilitating vacant HUD and V A repossessed properties in designated neighborhoods in the
City, for resale at affordable prices to first-time homebuyer families. Non-profit developers
include Neighborhood Housing Services, Central City Lutheran Mission and Frazee Community
Center. For-profit developers include ANR Industries, Casa de Aleganzia, De Oro Properties,
Schechtman Construction, Wall Construction, and AFCOM Park. The City is currently
considering the expansion of this program.
o
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Year Units
2001 15
2002 15
2003 15
2004 15
2005 15
Total 75
14. Mobile Home Rental Assistance Program
This program provides financial assistance in paying mobile home space lease costs to eligible
low-income seniors, subject to the availability of housing and community development funds.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
15. Redevelopment Agency Participation (Housing Activities)
The City helps facilitate the revitalization/development of deteriorated neighborhoods through
development entitlements and other predevelopment activities including land assembly,
predevelopment loans, financing of public infrastructure, and funding of supportive services for
new housing. The Agency actualIy processes the application and subsidizes the City processing
fees. In some cases, the Agency acts as facilitator by providing consultation to a private
developer and acts as liaison in the processing of the City permits and wilI pay City process fees.
Responsible Department:
Economic Development Agency, Housing and Community
Development Department
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Timeframe:
Funding:
16. Senior Housing Programs
The City develops proposals to facilitate housing for seniors in cooperation with the County
Housing Authority and other public and private housing providers. As appropriate and as needed,
the City offers financial participation in development projects, assist in assembling funding
requests, help offset development fee costs, finance infrastructure in support of affordable
housing, and/or provide other regulatory incentives.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
17. Nonprofit Housing Development Corporations
The City provides financial and technical assistance to not-for-profit housing development
corporations to assist in the development of housing for low and moderate-income households.
This assistance includes funding requests, help offsetting development fee costs, finance
infrastructure, and other regulatory incentives.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
18. Preservation of Assisted Multifamily Rental Housing
The City will seek to preserve all assisted multi-family rental housing at-risk of conversion to
market-rate-rental housing between 2000 and 2010 by working with public and/or private
housing agencies that have expressed an interest in right-of-first refusal for privately owned
assisted housing projects at-risk of conversion to market rate housing. Currently, there are 800
participating units in the program. Mortgage Revenue Bonds and the City's 20% housing set-
aside funds are used to fund the program. In exchange, the City requires a covenant to insure the
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 1/mp/ementation Matrix.doc
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on-going affordability of the units. The City is committed to maintain at-risk housing, and, by
policy, any request to abrogate the terms of a covenant have been, and will continue to be,
resisted by the City.
To accomplish the foregoing, The City will establish a monitoring program for local Section 8
contracts including an early warning system for units at risk of conversion to market rate. The
program will include provisions to gauge owner interest in Section 8 renewal, to identify units
likely to be acquired and managed as Section 8 housing, and respond to federal and state notices.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Within six months of adoption of this Housing Element
Redevelopment housing funds
19. Coordination of Homeless Programs
The City will continue to work with regional agencies to coordinate homeless relief programs by
tracking the estimates of homeless and the provision of emergency shelters. Ifnecessary, to assist
the construction and/or operation of facilities providing emergency and transitional shelter and
services, the City will offer appropriate financial assistance.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
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20. Single-family Development Design Review
The City will amend its design review process for new single-family homes to permit the design
review approval to be made at the stafflevel. Currently, single-family housing design review
occurs before the Planning Commission with staff recommendation. By making single-family
housing design review a staff function, the total permit time will be reduced.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Within one year of completion of the General Plan Update
Program
General Fund
21. Fast Track Permit Processing
The City will audit its development review process to determine whether a "fast track" process
for affordable housing that emphasizes concurrent permit processing, with a single point of
contact to manage the process, will substantially reduce overall permit processing time. If, based
on the audit, the City determines that a fast track system is feasible and would result in
significant time savings, the City will amend its permit review processes to implement such a 0
procedure.
16
City of San Bernardino
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Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Within one year of completion of the General Plan Update
Program
General Fund
22. Coordination of Public Services, Facilities, and Private Utilities
The City will meet regularly with providers of public facilities, services, and private utilities to
ensure that'planned residential development can be accommodated without delays due to
inadequate capacity or a lack of coordination in the extension of facility/utility lines. The City
will keep providers informed of planned developments as they become known to the City and
will ensure that reasonable fees are charged to cover the actual costs of extending facility/utility
lines thus expanding service capacity.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Planning and Public Works
Divisions
Ongoing
General Fund
o 23. Application of Zoning and Building Codes to Existing Housing
The City will periodically examine the application of zoning and building code requirements for
nonconforming residential structures in need of rehabilitation to determine whether code
enforcement unreasonably impedes the preservation and rehabilitation of these housing units. If
appropriate, the City will modify its code enforcement practices to balance the preservation of
affordable housing with the impacts of a nonconforming structure.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Planning Division
Ongoing
General Fund
24. Analysis of Impediments to Equal Housing Opportunity
Conduct an analysis of local housing marketing to determine any and all impediments to equal
housing opportunities. Future fair housing activities will be targeted toward the findings,
conclusions, and recommendations ofthis analysis. Based on the finding of this analysis, the
City will adopt and implement a fair housing plan that seeks to eliminate arbitrary and illegal
discrimination in the local housing market.
c
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Agency
Within one year of adoption of the Housing Element
General Fund
!Appendix 1/mplementation Matrix.doc
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25. Support Local Fair Housing Investigation and Mediation Services
Assist local agencies that investigate housing discrimination complaints and provide mediation
services. The City's primary emphasis will be support ofthe Fair Housing Council and other
public agencies and non-profit organizations to which the City can refer housing discrimination
complaints or mediation requests.
Responsible Department:
Time Frame:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
26. Homebuyer Education and Maintenance Program
Continue to support non-profit organizations to provide financial counseling, education and
maintenance services to low and moderate income households purchasing homes. The City does
this by contracting with local non-profit organizations to provide counseling, financial planning
and education on how to purchase a home. For those participating in the programs, it is
mandatory to attend the classes. Currently, the Agency provides $80,000 to the "Neighborhood
Home Ownership Center" to provide the program to 200 families per year.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
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27. Rental Assistance Program
Continue to provide security, first and last months rent deposits to displaced persons and social
service organizations.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
28. Section 8 Rental Assistance Certificate and Voucher Programs
These programs, administered by the San Bernardino County Housing Authority, provide City
residents with assistance under both the Section 8 Rental Certificate Program and the Section 8
V oucher Program.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
18
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
29. Emergency Shelter Grants
The Emergency Shelter Grant Program provides funding to social service agencies to assist
homeless individuals and families through services and shelter, coupled with employment, job
training, a~d additional support services to deal with drug and alcohol abuse. The Economic
Development Agency distributes funds and processes the grant requests from the community
organizations.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
30. Transitional Housing
This program consists of partnerships with social service organizations to purchase dwelling
units to assist families make the transition from homelessness back into society. The transitional
units are interim in nature (up to 24 months) and provide supportive services for the residents.
Currently the Economic Development Agency budgets $200,000 per year for this program.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Year Units
2001 222
2002 222
2003 222
2004 222
2005 222
Total 1,110
31. Battered Women's Shelter Program
This program provides funds to social service organizations for battered women's shelters to
assist women and children who are homeless or low income and are in need of special services
such as counseling, employment, or financial planning. The funds also provide shelter and a safe
environment during case management for individual situations, as required.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
!Appendix 1/mpfementation Matrix.doc
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32. Mobile Home Inspection/Rehabilitation Program
The State of California has mandated that every mobile home park and mobile home be
inspected within appropriate timeframes. The City has established a grant program to assist low
to moderate-income households meet the Health and Safety Code requirements.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Development Services Department, Inspection Division
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
33. San Bernardino County Homeless Coalition
This cooperative organization is comprised of various local governmental entities, County and
State social service departments and non-profit agencies that serve the needs of the homeless
within the City and County of San Bernardino. The Coalition seeks to assure that the program
components for serving the homeless are adequate and that each participating agency provides its
fair share of local resources for the development of homeless shelters, transitional housing, and
services to address homelessness. The City provides a pro-rata share in the various studies and
activities of the Coalition. Currently, the Coalition is undertaking a study to identify by City the
exact number of homeless persons, and the City has contributed $5,000 to Coalition for the
study.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
o
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
34. Homeless Resource Directory
In response to requests for information regarding services for the homeless, the City has helped
to prepare a Homeless Resource Directory for distribution to all agencies in the City that deal
with homelessness.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
35. Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS Program (HOPWA)
The City of Riverside administers the HOPW A Program for both Riverside and San Bernardino
Counties. Local agencies apply for funding directly to the Department of Health. The grants are
either entitlement or competitive, and provide housing assistance and supportive services for
low-income persons with AIDS or related diseases and their families.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
20
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
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City of San Bernardino
o
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
Funding:
Redevelopment housing funds
36. Supportive Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) Program
To receive a Section 202 award, the City or project sponsor must apply for a Section 202
reservation to the Los Angeles HUD Field Office in response to the Department's annual
published invitation. Project rental assistance covers only the difference between the HUD-
approved cost per unit and the amount the resident pays (30% of their income). Capital advances
can be provided to private, non-profit applicants to finance elderly housing that also offers
supportive services. The non-interest bearing advances are based on development cost limits
published periodically in the Federal Register. Advances may be used for acquisition of vacant
land or an existing structure for elderly housing. The City Economic Development Agency
facilitates with two non-profit organizations by assisting in the preparation of the Section 202
application and, in some cases, the Agency will actually prepare the application. Currently, there
are four projects consisting of 300 units and $40 million HUD funds.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Section 202 Grants
37.
Tax-Exempt Bond Financing
This program finances mortgages in the construction of multi-family or senior housing units. At
least 20% of these rental units must be made available to low income families at 80% of area
median income or below.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
38: Single Family Exterior Beautification Grant Program
This program assists homeowners occupying single family dwelling whose incomes do not
exceed 80% of median income with up to $5,000 grants to make improvements to their homes.
Improvements may include exterior painting, landscaping, and fencing. The Economic
Development Agency budgets $1,000,000 per year for this program.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Quantified Objectives:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
Year
2001
2002
Units
100
100
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix l/mplementation Matrix.doc
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2003 100
2004 100
2005 100
Total 500
39. Graffiti, Weed and Trash Removal Program
The City Economic Development Agency provides $500,000 per year to a non-profit
organization to remove graffiti, weeds and trash on private properties.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
40. Neighborhood Initiative Program (NIP)
Grants of up to $5,000 are made available to homeowners within six target areas throughout the
City for the purposes of enhancing and beautifying the exteriors of homes and to improve
neighborhood conditions. The Economic Development Agency currently budgets $1 million per
year for this program.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding
Economic Development Agency
Ongoing
Redevelopment housing funds
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41. Elimination of Governmental Constraints
As noted in Section III of this Housing Element, the City undertook a major goal to eliminate
constraints with respect to land use regulations in the development and adoption of the new
Zoning Code that unified and simplified the development regulations and processes. That effort
was followed by reorganization of the City to unify the various development-related departments
into a single Development Services Department and a one-stop permit counter. The City is
committed to continuing the streamlining of development activities and regulations and will
continue to analyze potential programs to eliminate land use constraints, particularly as relate to
the provision of new housing and rehabilitation of housing. Therefore, the City will consider
amendments to the Municipal Code to allow more administrative decisions by staff or Zoning
Administrator to grant discretionary approvals to housing projects, administrative relief for lower
cost housing and density bonus programs, deviations from the Development Code for lower cost
and senior housing projects, and will continue to evaluate fees to identify those that may be
waived and/or decreased in order to encourage lower cost and senior citizen housing.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Funding:
22
Development Services Department
Ongoing
City General Fund
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 1. Implementation Measures
42. Persons with Disabilities
The City will continue to require development requirements and programs associated with
handicapped, including enforcement of Title 24 requirements. In addition, the City will evaluate
the potential of adopting a "Reasonable Accommodation" ordinance.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Development Services Department
OngoinglFiscal Year 2002-03 for evaluation of a Reasonable
Accommodation Ordinance
City General Fund
Funding:
43. At Risk Housing Program
In coordination with Program 18, the City will establish a formal program to identify all
affordable units within the City including Section 8 assisted units as well as any other assisted
rental program that will provide for an early warning system for units at risk of conversion to
market rate. The program will include the following features:
1. Inventory of all such housing projects;
2. Notice requirement for the sale of any such projects;
3. Right of first refusal for an alternate owner who has been identified as an owner/operator
for any such assisted rental housing;
4. Early contact (at least one year in advance) of any Section 8 or other assisted housing due
for renewal;
5. Require minimum 12 months notice from any owner wanting to opt-out, and minimum 6
months notice from any owner wanting to prepay;
6. Establish formal response procedures to any federal or state notices;
7. Require owners to pay for tenants moving expenses; and
8. Assist tenants to find alternative rental housing.
Responsible Department:
Timeframe:
Program Implementation:
Funding:
Economic Development Agency
Program Preparation! Adoption: 2003
On-going
Redevelopment housing funds
Quantified Ob.iectives Summary (2000-2005)
Income Group New Construction Rehabilitation Preservation Total
Very-low 1,148 375 375 1,898
Low 676 100 375 1,151
Moderate 734 200 934
Above-moderate 1,224 1,224
Total 3,782 475 950 5,207
City of San Bernardino
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 2. Neighborhood Improvement Program
Appendix 2
Neighborhood Improvement Program
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 2 neighborhood improvement program. doc
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Neighborhood Improvement Program
The following program offers a system of incentives that are intended to stimulate
redevelopment oflocal neighborhoods.
1. Create a neighborhood improvement team comprised to Department Heads, decision
makers, and City Staff. The neighborhood improvement team will create a program to
prioritize and focus neighborhood improvement efforts. Identify neighborhoods into the
following categories:
a. Very sound neighborhood experiencing few, if any, quality oflife issues.
Infrequent requests for Police or code Enforcement services.
b. Predominantly stable neighborhoods, but beginning to show signs of decline.
Most structures are well maintained and structurally sound, but some structures
may have minor problems. The City should focus on these minor issues to
maintain the neighborhood and prevent further deterioration.
c.
Predominantly unstable neighborhood, with many structures in need of
rehabilitation, with some well cared for and maintained structures. In single-
family areas, many houses have transitioned from owner-occupied to rentals.
Neighborhoods showing evidence of social, physical and economic problems.
Increasing number of calls for police services. Focus is on revitalizing the
neighborhood, upgrading the structures, increasing aesthetics and reducing crime.
o
d. Neighborhood is in severe social, economic and physical decline. Housing
structures are severely deteriorated and the entire neighborhood lacks conditions
that contribute to a safe overall neighborhood living environment.
The neighborhood improvement team will develop action plans to address each neighborhood
based upon the need of the neighborhood. The City will then focus the combined efforts of the
police, fire, code enforcement, community development, public works, and other departments as
necessary to improve the livability of San Bernardino's neighborhoods. The City will employ
incentives and regulations to address the issues of each neighborhood. It is recommended that
the program start with the category "B" neighborhoods so that tangible results can be achieved
quickly. Prior to City involvement, there should be a determination of a willingness on the part
of the residents and property owners to work with the City to improve the neighborhood.
Subsequently, the City should work with residents and other stakeholders to create a vision and
set of issues to be addressed for the neighborhood.
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2
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 2. Neighborhood Improvement Program
2. In category "A" neighborhoods, the City should monitor and respond to issues:
a. City responses for class "A" neighborhoods includes:
I. Police: Respond to calls for public safety services. When residents
observe potential problems, the Police department will monitor
neighborhood and provide proactive recommendations.
11. Code Enforcement: Respond to code violations as they are reported
lll. Community Development: Respond to requests for housing low-interest
rehabilitation loans and second mortgages.
iv. Public Works: Responds with scheduled public improvements. Increased
number of improvements will occur as deficiencies are determined
through resident contact or City inter-departmental consensus.
v. Utilities: Responds to resident requests for street cleaning
3. In category "B" neighborhoods, the City should focus on spot issues, monitor, and
respond:
a.
City responses for class "B" neighborhoods includes:
I. Police: Increased proactive enforcement by patrol officers in a coordinated
effort. Varied policing strategies, including bike and foot patrols, are
deployed.
II. Code Enforcement: Responds to citizen's requests for service and devotes
additional resources where staff observes more sever code violations.
Initiates proactive enforcement efforts to abate spot blight conditions.
iii. Community Development: Focuses housing rehabilitation mortgage
assistance loans in strategic ways to address housing decline. Utilize
CDBG or other funds to pair housing rehabilitation loans with public
improvement.
iv. Public Works: Response with increase number of public improvements as
deficiencies are determined through resident contact or City inter-
departmental consensus.
v. Utilities: Responds to resident requests for street lighting
b. Explore the creation of a Pre-Sale Inspection Ordinance that would require a City
inspection of properties to make sure there are no serious structural defects and
zoning compliance issues prior to the sale, lease or change of occupancy.
c.
Reorganize the Single Family Maintenance Grant Program to focus on exterior
improvements such as roofing, painting, landscaping. This program currently
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 2 neighborhood improvement program. doc
3
0
provides grants up to $5,000 to eligible, owner occupants whose income do not
exceed 80% of median income to eliminate housing code violations or emergency
repaIrs.
4. In Category "C" neighborhoods, the City should perform neighborhood wide
improvement actions, continually monitor, and respond to issues:
a. City responses for class "C" neighborhoods includes:
I. Neighborhood Improvement Team: Develop I 0 to 20 year neighborhood
vision. Develop comprehensive Neighborhood Improvement Action Plan.
Provide "early warning system" of conditions progressing towards class
"D."
II. Police: Increase proactive enforcement by patrol officers in coordinated
effort. Increased varied police strategies are deployed. Work with City
departments to create a Neighborhood Improvement Action Plan and
assists in the development of a resident and property owner neighborhood
organization.
Ill. Code Enforcement: Responds to citizen's requests for service and devotes
additional resources where staff observes more sever code violations. 0
Initiates proactive enforcement efforts to abate spot blight conditions.
Works will all City departments in the development of a Neighborhood
Improvement Action Plan and assists in the development of a resident and
property owner neighborhood organization.
IV. Community Development: Focuses housing rehabilitation mortgage
assistance loans in strategic ways to address housing decline. Utilize
CDBG or other funds to pair housing rehabilitation loans with public
improvement. Work with other City departments to organize homeowners
and apartment owners to discuss long-term housing revitalization
strategies in the neighborhoods. If warranted, initiate revitalization study
in priority neighborhoods areas and select a developer to partner and
prepare study.
v. Public Works: Responds with specialized public improvements as
indicated in Neighborhood Improvement Action Plan.
VI.. Utilities: Responds with street lighting improvements as indicated in
Neighborhood Improvement Action Plan.
b. Explore the creation of a Pre-Sale Inspection Ordinance that would require a City
inspection of properties to make sure there are no serious structural defects and
zoning compliance issues prior to the sale, lease or change of occupancy.
0
4 City of San Bernardino
o
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Appendix 2. Neighborhood Improvement Program
c. Implement Project Curb Appeal using Los Padrinos to assist the City with the
removal of weeds, litter, and debris along main thoroughfares.
d. Develop a program to create interim uses and improvements, such as pocket
parks, art, and landscaping, on vacant lots.
e. Reorganize the Single Family Maintenance Grant Program to focus on exterior
improvements such as roofing, painting, landscaping. This program currently
provides grants up to $5,000 to eligible, owner occupants whose income do not
exceed 80% of median income to eliminate housing code violations or emergency
repairs
f. Standards would apply to the Tertiary projects but the incentive program would
not.
g. Utilize state and federal funds to increase homeownership and rehabilitate
neighborhood.
h.
Property manager. Residential projects that provide on-site property management
and participate in a training program are provided with Crime Free Multi-Housing
signs for display on their property and will be granted the use of the program logo
in all advertisements.
1. Explore the use of receiverships on selected properties
J. Implement Neighborhood Watch programs.
5. In category "D" neighborhoods, the City should perform a neighborhood wide salvage
operation, purchase property, demolish unsafe structures, monitor, and respond:
a. City responses for class "C" neighborhoods include:
1. Neighborhood Improvement Team: Develop 10 to 20 year neighborhood
vision. Develop comprehensive Neighborhood Redirection Plan.
n. Police: Increase proactive enforcement by patrol officers. Coordinate all
efforts within the Police Department in support of the Neighborhood
Redirection Plan.
111.
Code Enforcement: Responds to citizen's request for service and increases
proactive enforcing activities to abate code violations. Code Enforcement
activities should support the Neighborhood Redirection Plan.
Community Development: Obtain consensus of Neighborhood
Redirection Plan from neighborhood and receive approval and support of
Plan from City Council. Implement Plan.
IV.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 2 neighborhood improvement program. doc
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v. Public Works: Responds with public improvement as indicated in
Neighborhood Redirection Plan.
VI. Utilities: Responds with street lighting improvements as indicated in
Neighborhood Redirection Plan.
b. Create a program whereby the City purchases dilapidated mid-block commercial
and residential structures and develops prototypical residential units that could
then be resold/leased by the City.
c. Implement Project Curb Appeal using Los Padrinos to assist the City with the
removal of weeds, litter, and debris along main thoroughfares.
d. Property manager. Residential projects that provide on-site property management
and participate in a training program are provided with Crime Free Multi-Housing
signs for display on their property and will be granted the use of the program logo
in all advertisements.
e. Explore the use ofreceiverships on selected properties
f.
Explore the creation of a Pre-Sale Inspection Ordinance that would require a City
inspection of properties to make sure there are no serious structural defects and
zoning compliance issues prior to the sale, lease or change of occupancy
o
g. Implement Project Curb Appeal using Los Padrinos to assist the City with the
removal of weeds, litter, and debris along main thoroughfares.
h. Develop a program to create interim uses and improvements, such as pocket
parks, art, and landscaping, on vacant lots
1. Reorganize the Single Family Maintenance Grant Program to focus on exterior
improvements such as roofing, painting, landscaping. This program currently
provides grants up to $5,000 to eligible, owner occupants whose income do not
exceed 80% of median income to eliminate housing code violations or emergency
repaIrs
J. Standards would apply to the Tertiary projects but the incentive program would
not.
k. Utilize state and federal funds to increase homeownership and rehabilitate
neighborhood.
I. Implement the Neighborhood Watch programs.
m.
Purchase parcels, either rehabilitate or demolish existing structures, and sell units.
The units should be deed restricted to control maintenance and over crowding.
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 2. Neighborhood Improvement Program
6. The Crime Free Multi-Housing Program is designed to not only reduce crime rates in
multi-family dwelling units, but to create an incentive for the provision of an on-site
property manager. The program was first successfully developed at the Mesa Arizona
Police Department in 1992 and has since spread to 43 States, 4 Canadian Provinces and 3
additional countries, and is used locally in cities such as Riverside. The Program may
also be a benefit to the City of San Bernardino. However, this program should work in
conjunction with other incentives for property owners to provide on-site property
managers. Such incentives can include a density bonus for projects that will provide on-
site managers. The program is designed to be operated through the Police Department
and to be attended by property managers and also any interested tenants and owners. The
program takes place in three phases described below.
a. Phase one - An eight-hour seminar presented by the police department and other
city agencies. Topics to be covered can include:
1.
11.
111.
IV.
e v.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Methods and benefits of applicant screening
Tips to strengthen rental agreements
How to become a pro-active manager
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
Warning signs of drug activity
Actions you must take if you discover your tenants or their guests are
conducting illegal activities on or about our property
The role of the police
Crisis resolution and the eviction process
b. Phase two - Certifies that the rental property has met the security requirements
for the tenants safety.
c. Phase three - A tenant Crime prevention meeting will be conducted for full
certification. Managers will be granted the use of Crime Free Multi-Housing
signs for display on their property. Management will also be granted the use of
the program logo in all advertisement.
7. Explore the establishment of a business license for all rental properties. The business
license fee would be used to pay for code enforcement, utilized to make property
improvements and rehabilitation, and property management training programs.
8. Promote and assist the development of volunteer neighborhood improvement teams.
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Appendix 3. Summary of Community Workshops
Appendix 3
Summary of Community Workshops
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops. doc
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Business Representatives Meeting Notes
Opportunity Areas
Job Sectors
. Growing aerospace industry -- aircraft sales jumped by over 200% last month
. There are $9 billion of goods coming into city every year through the BNSF. The City
must embrace the BNSF and create a synergy with the Airport area
. There are opportunities to create niches in the Healthcare industry
. City is 42% services - mostly in the health and education sectors
. Government offices are self-sustaining and don't utilize City services or businesses
. County seat opportunities - County buildings not only include County workers, but
County residents who must come into San Bernardino
. Don't need Fortune 500 companies - "there are a lot of widget makers out there"
CSUSB
. 80% of CSUSB income is from outside the City
. The University will be here forever and will improve if Arrowhead can be incorporated -
and its closer to the central City than other potential areas of higher end housing
. The University is on the outer edge of the City. We need to bring parts of CSUSB
downtown. This is being accomplished through partnerships with the University such as
Arts on the 5th
. When traveling on the 1-10 and crossing the 1-15, there is a noticeable decline in the
quality of development and landscaping
o
Lakes and Streams
. There are two lakes and stream projects. One is a municipal water project and the other
was the 20/20 project proposed by a consortium from Texas which was unrealistic
. The visual appeal of the Lakes and streams project will be good for business
. Water can be a greater resources than just for the Lakes and Streams
. Need to improve the impoverished City core - Lakes and Streams will help
Areas within the City
. The baseball stadium is overlooked, but can be a major asset to the City if areas
surrounding it are developed properly
. Depot is being redeveloped within 2 years. Development Agreements are being pursued
with surrounding areas to create compatible uses to the depot.
. Need to create and capitalize on a downtown historic district
o
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City of San Bernardino
o
Appendix 3. Summary of Community Workshops
Other opportunities
. Need to revitalize and take full advantage ofthe Harris Building
. Labor costs are 250% lower here
. The City is a gateway to destination points such as Las Vegas and Palm Springs - we
should create a smaller destination within the City for people to stop as they make their
way to their final destinations.
Challenges
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0 .
.
.
.
.
.
Housing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
C .
Need to give developers a competitive advantage
Dokt cost burden the tenant or developer with excessive regulations. Fair share fees are
understandable, but don't take away competitive advantage
An environment that promotes risk taking should be created
The City needs more Class A office space
Need to provide a livable wages and increase disposable incomes - will help solve all of
the other problems, everything is interconnected
Ifwe keep out uses - make sure we bring in other businesses to prevent building from
being empty and falling into a dilapidated state
Implementation of City's policies is key
The City must be flexible in adjusting to market forces. Market needs must be identified
and addressed
Need to create additional heavy industry jobs
Challenge to recruit physicians and nurses
There are areas in the City with little or no infrastructure - it costs too much to develop in
these areas
Need to link activity nodes and areas of opportunity
Communication between the City, organizations and the business community must be
improved
Housing is the most important issue facing businesses
CEO's and companies move to an area for housing
Need higher end housing, not just affordable housing
Only area for upper end housing is in the northwest but there are environmental
constraints such as the harsh winds
Arrowhead Farms can be great opportunity for housing
Need to slash and bum older, dilapidated housing and neighborhoods
The City has rehabilitated the same homes many times - need to raze them and rebuild
The hillside ordinance needs to customized to allow for clustering and housing
developments which respond to the environmental sensitivity of the area
Eliminate Section 8 - restore homes to original, be creative
Jobs and income don't facilitate higher end housing
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops. doc
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. Need high paying industrial jobs so people can afford upscale homes - creating a live-
work community
Quality of Life
. Need quality oflife factors to be enhanced - but city lowers regulations, which lowers
quality of life
. Transportation jobs don't increase the quality of life
. Perception ofO.S., greenbelts, parks, youth activities
. Demolish vacant buildings and create parks and beautify with landscaping
. Increased housing will lead to more children and more schools which will need to be
addressed in the General Plan
. There are pocket of poverty which the school system can help fix
. About 80% of babies born in city is poor and indigent (approximate percentage)
. Need to address social infrastructure
. The City's high crime rate is a problem
City Image
. Perception of San Bernardino is negative
. The grungy look of the City creates a negative City image
. The high crime rate and label as the arson capitol ofthe US creates a negative image
. The Downtown should have a distinct skyline as a symbol for the City and to distinguish
the City as the County seat
o
Westend
. Have been trying to revitalize Westend for years. The solution is to zone it industrial and
create jobs
. Westside feels neglected
. The Westside helps bring in grant dollars to the City, but the money. never makes its way
to that area of the City
Retail Development
. Development of Arrowhead Farms would help commercial centers on Kendall and retail
on 40th Street
. Big box retailers are corporations headquartered in different cities and states and do not
provide many local jobs. The solution is change the zoning to uses which bring more
jobs into the area
. Retail sales have been a problem since 50 years ago. The Radius of sales has declined
due to competitors in surrounding cities. Now, something else is needed to draw people
from other cities into San Bernardino
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 3. Summary of Community Workshops
Business Friendliness
. The City staff and Mayor were very active in bringing Kohl's to city
. The City is not business friendly - paper work and planning process is too time
consummg
. Highest utility tax in the area
. Give free space to big businesses to move into the are. This will reduce their costs and
promote a sense of business friendliness
Code Enforcement
. The perception of community is that the City does not enforce codes
. Code restrictions (i.e., downtown) are inhibitive
Sign age and Beautification
.
0 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
c
. Need directional signs to locate businesses and which will unify areas ofthe City. These
signs will tell you where you are, where you are going and what you will find when you
get there
Ne~d monuments on medians which identify unique businesses/characteristics of the City
(i.e. home ofMcDonalds, Home of Stamped Stadium)
Need logos and monuments and landscaping throughout the City, especially on major
corridors
Expend mayor's clean-up program
Focus on downtown - "make it sparkle"
City's parking structure is an embarrassment - guard rails are dirty
Landscaping is neglected
Trash is everywhere, on freeways and on and off ramps
Need to Improve City image and beautify downtown
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops. doc
5
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Workshop Comments
During the month of November 2001, four community workshops were held to identify citywide
opportunities and constraints, and visions for the future growth of the City of San Bernardino.
Each workshop primarily attracted residents from neighborhoods surrounding the workshop
location, however all interested residents were invited to attend each meeting. Participants of
Workshop #1 were primarily from the Westside of the City, Workshop #2 was in the
UniversityNerdemont area, the Workshop #3 was located in the Downtown area and Workshop
#4 was held in the northern portion of the City.
Each ofthe four visioning workshops was intended to identify the community's "Likes",
"Dislikes" and "Visions" for the future. The three simple, yet effective, group exercises
designed to elicit public comments, generated 137 statements of community "Likes," 172
"Dislikes" and 150 "Vision" statements. As the residents of the City have an intimate knowledge
of their community and the City, these comments will be used to provide focus and a direction
for issues to be addressed in the General Plan update. The following is a listing of the highest
priority likes, dislikes and vision statements for each workshop.
In addition to the four community workshops, an additional visioning workshop was conducted
with local business owners. The format of this workshop was slightly different than those 0
conducted with the community as conversations focused on specific topics such as opportunity
areas, housing, quality of life, city image, retail development, and signage and beautification. A
summary of the feedback received from the business stakeholders' workshop is attached.
Community Likes -
What residents enjoy about their community and City and therefore should be retained/enhanced
in the future.
1 ) Workshop # I, Westside
. There is great potential for economic opportunity in the Westside of the City. The area
for example, has no major supermarkets, hotels and upscale restaurants. Public/private
partnerships can stimulate the local economy and increase the quality oflife in the
Westside.
. Residents are generally pleased with the local schools and in particular, the new Arroyo
High School West
. Residents enjoy the City Parks and the recreational opportunities they provide
. Safety is an issue in the community and the residents appreciate the services ofthe Police
Department
. Homework centers at local churches and throughout the City are beneficial in meeting the
educational needs of students
. The location of Arrowhead Credit Union on the Westside provides the area with one of
its few financial institutions, and the Credit Union is a good neighbor dedicated to 0
working with the community to provide capital to purchase homes and start businesses
6
City of San Bernardino
:~:."
Appendix 3. Summary of Community Workshops
o
2) Workshop #2, UniversityNerdemont
. Residents enjoy and would like to maintain the small town feel of the north end ofthe
City
. The scenic vistas
. The location ofthe City near the mountains, ocean, desert, river and proximity to Las
Vegas is a major asset and provides recreation opportunities for residents.
. City Schools
. Route 66 Rendezvous
. Graffiti cleanup programs
. Fire Department services provided by the City
3) Workshop #3, Downtown
. The quality of the K-12 schools
. The architectural style ofthe buildings within the City
. Residents appreciate clean and beautified City streets, such as 6th street off of the 215
Freeway
. The visual appearance of the City has been enhanced through efforts to underground
electrical lines
. Homeowners enjoy the rising values of their homes
o 4) Workshop #4, Northside
. The low cost ofIiving in the City
. Availability and accessibility of City officials
. Proximity to recreation areas
. Residents enjoy the location of the City - Close to the mountains, desert, ocean, colleges,
hospitals, etc
. Quality education institutions, particularly the preschools and University
. Residents see great potential created by the Airport and would like to capitalize on the
opportunities for development
Community Dislikes -
What participants would like to change about their community and/or City.
o
1) Workshop #1, Westside
. Lack of freeway access
. Tht) City is not business friendly - there is too much red tape
. The City Council is not here tonight listening to our concerns
. The City's overall negative image
. Lack of greenbelts, shrubbery, and landscaping
. Messy trees and the lack of tree trimming services provided by the City
. Streets fell into disrepair due to a lack of attention paid to and lack of services allocated
to the Westside
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops. doc
7
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2) Workshop #2, UniversityNerdemont
. Kendall Hills should not be developed
. Code enforcement is weak (semi-trucks parking on street)
. High-density housing
. Empty/commercial properties create an image of blight
. Politically bad decisions and the lack of community input in development decisions, such
as in the ball park, cinema star, loss of federal courts to Riverside and the lakes and
streams project
. Rapid growth without community input
. Lack of places/activities for teens (youth center is needed)
. Lack of landscaping on freeways
. The City's negative reputation
. University commuter traffic
3) Workshop #3, Downtown
. Automobiles parked in front yards
. Deteriorated play equipment in parks
. Existing design of some high-density housing which facilitates criminal activity
. The importance of historical structures is not recognized and capitalized upon
. Large sections of housing do not meet current code requirements
. Vacant properties are unkempt and littered with trash
. Renters do not take care oftheir homes (deteriorated apartments)
o
4) Workshop #4, Northside
. Lack of free activities for youth
. Residents need more pride in the City
. Development of the hillsides should be prevented
. Lack of code enforcement that is consistently applied to all areas of the City
. The City's lack of ambience and negative City image
. Political in-fighting within City Council
. Unnecessary utility tax
. City streets and freeway off-ramps that don't look clean
Community Vision -
What residents desire to achieve within the next twenty-five years.
1) Workshop #1, Westside
. Increased community participation
. The construction of a complete recreation center for family park and recreation use
. Increased home improvement and rehabilitation spending by City
. Elimination of blight in the City
o
8
City of San Bernardino
o
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Appendix 3. Summary of Community Workshops
. A "green" community with more trees, parks, trails and streetscapes
. Greater recognition and appreciation of historic, cultural, etc background
. Active youth programs and centers
2) Workshop #2, UniversityNerdemont
. Views are clean, landscaped and preserved
. Better government
. Better development of downtown
. Commercial development at Norton AFB
. No low income housing
. Accessible community centers
. The City has a good reputation and positive image
. Infrastructure in the City is adequate to meet demand
3) Workshop #3, Downtown
. San Bernardino is competitive with other counties and communities (amenities, services,
etc.)
. Deteriorating commercial is revitalized
. Streets are green and landscaped
. There is an improved image along the main arterials
. Baseline & Highland are revitalized
. Attractive architecture and unique neighborhood themes are prevalent throughout the
City
. The development of additional community shopping centers such as Terra Vista in
Rancho Cucamonga in appropriate locations to replace deteriorating strip centers
. Use of water elements that connect commercial, residential, and open space and create
exciting features for the City
. There are residential opportunities near employment opportunities
4) Workshop #4, Northside
. Each area of the City is visually attractive
. Rail lines connect Norton to Old Santa Fe Station
. The Lakes and Streams project is in place
. There are more parks and youth activities
. The City is clean and beautified
. Light Rail is a transportation alternative in the City
. Old commercial areas such as Baseline, E. Highland, Route 66 and Mt. Vernon are
revitalized
. Residents are unified
. Shopping areas and opportunities are expanded
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 3 Summary of Community Workshops. doc
9
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10
City of San Bernardino
o
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Appendix 4. Common Council Interviews
Appendix 4
Common Council Interviews
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 4 Common Counci//nlerviews.doc
1
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2
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 5. Methodology Report
Appendix 5
Met~odology Report
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 5 Methodology Report.doc
1
o
The following provides a description of the assumptions and methods used to determine
population, housing, and employment projections for the City of San Bernardino General Plan.
Assumptions & Methodology
The projections developed represent a range of estimates for potential population, dwelling units,
and employment for the City of San Bernardino. The General Plan land uses serve as the basis
for these projections. A key assumption in understanding the magnitude of these projections is
that the projections reflect a theoretical build-out of the entire City, rather than what is likely to
appear on the ground over the next 20 years.
There are no industry standards for population density or building intensity that can be applied to
the land use designations created for the City of San Bernardino General Plan. ULI Handbooks,
SCAG data, and contemporary planning experience have been used to define the factors below to
estimate City of San Bernardino's future socioeconomic environment.
Residential: Population and Dwelling Units
Acres: Land use designation acreages were derived from GIS-based calculations for each land
use category. It is important to note that the right-of-way for public roads, railroads, and flood
control facilities were not included in the acreages used to determine residential buildout and are 0
instead accounted separately.
Density (units per acre): Taken from the General Plan, the maximum allowable dwelling units
per acre are identified by land use category for all designations that allow for residential uses.
Units: Dwelling unit projections are estimated by multiplying the number of acres by the Units
Per Acre factor for each land use designation. This is then multiplied by a buildout assumption
factor of 85% 1. This is to account for the fact that residential buildout, on average, typically
occurs at less than the maximum density. This adjustment represents a realistic square footage
buildout scenario as it accounts for typical development patterns, parking, roads, rights-of ways,
easements, open space, and public facilities.
In a few categories (RL, RS, and RM), there was an adjustment to account for the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan. In this Plan, a straight multiplication of acres and units per acre was not
applicable. Instead, the actual numbers of units proposed in the Plan were factored into the
buildout statistics and the total remaining units outside of the Specific Plan adjusted accordingly.
Average Household Size: As of November 2004 was 3.340 persons per household, which is
based upon the Department of Finance E-5 City/County Population and Housing Estimates
Report (11112004).
o
1 Buildout adjustment factors were based upon an analysis of recent development approvals as well as consideration
of existing development.
2
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 5. Methodology Report
Population: Population is determined by multiplying the projected number of dwelling units by
the average persons per household factor. For example, 1,000 dwelling units with average
persons pe: household size of3.302 would yield 3,302 residents.
Non-Residential: Building Square Footage & Employment
Employment generation for the business related land use designations, such as commercial,
industrial, and business park, was calculated using the following method:
Floor Area Ratio (FAR): Floor Area Ratio, or FAR, indicates the ratio of gross building square
footage permitted on a parcel to square footage of the parcel.
Non-Residential Square Footage: Building square footage for the non-residential land use
designations are calculated by multiplying the acres for each land use designation by the
corresponding FAR and by 43,560. This is then multiplied by a buildout assumption factor of
60% for commercial land uses and 70% for industrial land uses!. This accounts for the fact that
non-residential buildout, on average, typically occurs at less than the maximum density. This
adjustment represents a realistic square footage buildout scenario as it accounts for typical
development patterns, parking, roads, rights-of ways, easements, open space, and public
facilities.
In a few categories (CO, CG-l, and PCR), there was an adjustment to account for the Arrowhead
Springs Specific Plan. In this Plan, the straight multiplication of acres to FAR was not
applicable. Instead, the actual square feet proposed in the Plan were factored into the buildout
statistics and the total remaining square footage outside of the Specific Plan adjusted
accordingly.
Square Feet (SF)/Employee factor: This factor indicates the number of square feet of building
space per employee and is used to estimate the number of jobs for a given land use designation.
These factors were derived from Stanley R. Hoffman Associates. These factors for the non-
residential land use designations are listed in the following table:
land Use Sq. Ft. per Employee land Use Sq. Ft. per Employee
Designation Factor Designation Factor
co 300 CG-I 300
CG-2 500 CG-3 500
CCS-J 500 UBP-2 300
UPB-3 300 CR-I 500
CR-2 500 CR-3 500
CR-4 500 CH 500
OIP 600 IL 1,030
IH 1,500 IE 1,500
UBP-I 600 CCS-2 1,030
PF 1,000 PCR 1,500
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 5 Methodology Report.doc
3
Employment: Employment for commercial, industrial, and office land uses are calculated by
dividing the total number of building square feet by the SF/Employee factor. For example,
300,000 square feet of commercial office building space would yield 1,000 employees.
Jobs-to-Housing Ratio: The jobs-to-housing ratio identifies potential imbalances between
housing and employment opportunities. The ratio of jobs to housing is estimated by dividing the
number of total number of projected jobs by the total number of projected dweIling units.
4
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Appendix 6
Glossary
City of San Bernardino
1
!Appendix 6 Glossary.doc
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The terms in this glossary are adapted from the California General Plan Glossary, 1997,
published by the California Planning Roundtable, Naphtali H. Knox, AICP, and Charles E.
Knox, Editors.
ADA:
ADT:
AQMD:
BMR:
CC&Rs:
CDBG:
CEQA:
CHFA:
CIP:
CMP:
CNEL:
COG:
dB:
EIR:
FAR:
FEMA:
FHWA:
FIRM:
HAP:
HCD:
HOV:
HUD:
JPA:
LAFCO:
LHA:
LOS:
NEPA:
NPDES:
PUD:
RTP:
SCAG:
SOl:
UBC:
UHC:
TDM:
TSM:
TDR:
TIP:
TLMA:
2
Americans with Disabilities Act
Average daily trips made by vehicles or persons in a 24-hour period
Air Quality Management District
Below-market-rate dwelling unit
Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions
Community Development Block Grant
California Environmental Quality Act
California Housing Finance Agency
Capital Improvements Program
Congestion Management Plan
Community Noise Equivalent Level
Council of Governments
Decibel
Environmental Impact Report (State)
Floor Area Ratio
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal Highway Administration
Flood Insurance Rate Map
Housing Assistance Plan
Housing and Community Development Department of the State of California
High Occupancy Vehicle
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Joint Powers Authority
Local Agency Formation Commission
Local Housing Authority
Level of Service
National Environmental Policy Act
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Planned Unit Development
Regional Transportation Plan
Southern California Association of Governments
Sphere of Influence
Uniform Building Code
Uniform Housing Code
Transportation Demand Management
Transportation Systems Management
Transfer of Development Rights
Transportation Improvement Program
Transportation and Land Management Agency
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
TSM:
VMT:
Transportation Systems Management
Vehicle Miles Traveled
DEFINITIONS
Acceptable Risk: A hazard that is deemed to be a tolerable exposure to danger given the
expected benefits to be obtained. Different levels of acceptable risk may be assigned according
to the potential danger and the criticalness of the threatened structure. The levels may range from
"near zero" for nuclear plants and natural gas transmission lines to "moderate" for open-space,
ranches and low-intensity warehouse uses.
Acres, Gross: The entire acreage of a site. Gross acreage is calculated to the centerline of
proposed bounding streets and to the edge of the right-of-way of existing or dedicated streets.
Acres, Net: The portion of a site that can actually be built upon. The following are not included
in the net acreage of a site: public or private road rights-of-way, public open-space, and flood
ways.
Adaptive Reuse: The conversion of obsolescent or historic buildings from their original or most
recent use to a new use. For example, the conversion of former hospital or school buildings to
residential use, or the conversion of an historic single-family home to office use.
Affordable Housing: Housing capable of being purchased or rented by a household with very
low, low, or moderate income, based on a household's ability to make monthly payments
necessary to obtain housing. "Affordable to low-and moderate-income households" means that at
least 20 percent ofthe units in a development will be sold or rented to lower income households,
and the remaining units to either lower or moderate income households. Housing units for lower
income households must sell or rent for a monthly cost not greater than 30 percent of60 percent
of area median income as periodically established by HeD. Housing units for moderate income
must sell or rent for a monthly cost not greater than 30 percent of area median income.
Air Rigb~: The right granted by a property owner to a buyer to use space above an existing
right-of-way or other site, usually for development.
Alley: A narrow service way, either public or private, which provides a permanently reserved
but secondary means of public access not intended for general traffic circulation. Alleys typically
are located along rear property lines.
Ambient: Surrounding on all sides; used to describe measurements of existing conditions with
respect to traffic, noise, air and other environments.
Ambient Noise: The composite of noise from all sources near and far. In this context, the
ambient nqise level constitutes the normal or existing level of environmental noise at a given
location.
City of San Bernardino
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!Appendix 6 Glossary.doc
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Annex: To incorporate a land area into an existing district or municipality, with a resulting
change in the boundaries of the annexing jurisdiction.
Aquifer: An underground, water-bearing layer of earth, porous rock, sand, or gravel, through
which water can seep or be held in natural storage. Aquifers generally hold sufficient water to be
used as a water supply.
Architectural Control; Architectural Review: Regulations and procedures requiring the
exterior design of structures to be suitable, harmonious, and in keeping with the general
appearance, historic character, and/or style of surrounding areas. A process used to exercise
control over the design of buildings and their settings. (See "Design Review")
Area; Area Median Income: As used in State of California housing law with respect to income
eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HOD),
"area" means metropolitan area or non-metropolitan county. In non-metropolitan areas, the "area
median income" is the higher of the county median family income or the statewide non-
metropolitan median family income.
Arterial Highway: Medium to higher speeds (30-55 mph), medium to higher capacity (10,000-
50,000 average daily trips) roadway that provides intra- and inter-community travel and access to
the regional highway and freeway system. Access to community arterials should be provided at 0
collector roads and local streets, discouraging direct access from parcels to existing arterials.
Assessment District: See "Benefit Assessment District."
Assisted Housing: Generally multi-family rental housing, but sometimes single-family
ownership units, whose construction, financing, sales prices, or rents have been subsidized by
federal, state, or local housing programs including, but not limited to Federal ~8 (new
construction, substantial rehabilitation, and loan management set-asides), Federal ~s 213, 236,
and 202, Federal ~221(d)(3) (below-market interest rate program), Federal ~101 (rent
supplement assistance), CDBG, FmHA ~515, multi-family mortgage revenue bond programs,
local redevelopment and in lieu fee programs, and units developed pursuant to local inclusionary
housing and density bonus programs. By January 1, 1992, all California Housing Elements are
required to address the preservation or replacement of assisted housing that is eligible to change
to market rate housing by 2002.
Attainment: Compliance with State and federal ambient air quality standards within an air
basin. (See "Non-attainment")
Base Flood: In any given year, a 100-year flood that has a one percent likelihood of occurring,
and is recognized as a standard for acceptable risk.
Below-market-rate (BMR): (1) Any housing unit specifically priced to be sold or rented to low-
or moderate-income households for an amount less than the fair-market value of the unit. Both 0
the State of California and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development set
4
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
standards for determining which households qualify as "low income" or "moderate income." (2)
The financing of housing at less than prevailing interest rates.
Benefit Assessment District: An area within a public agency's boundaries that receives a special
benefit from' the construction of one or more public facilities. A Benefit Assessment District has
no independent life; it is strictly a financing mechanism for providing public infrastructure as
alIowed under various statutes. Bonds may be issued to finance the improvements, subject to
repayment ~y assessments charged against the benefiting properties. Creation of a Benefit
Assessment District enables property owners in a specific area to cause the construction of public
facilities or to maintain them (for example, a downtown, or the grounds and landscaping of a
specific area) by contributing their fair share of the construction and/or instalIation and operating
costs.
Bicycle Lane (Class II facility): A corridor expressly reserved for bicycles, existing on a street
or roadway in addition to any lanes for use by motorized vehicles.
Bicycle Path (Class I facility): A paved route not on a street or roadway and expressly reserved
for bicycles traversing an otherwise unpaved area. Bicycle paths may paralIel roads but typicalIy
are separated from them by landscaping.
Bicycle Route (Class III facility): A facility shared with motorists and identified only by signs,
a bicycle route has no pavement markings or lane stripes.
Blight: A condition of a site, structure, or area that may cause nearby buildings and/or areas to
decline in attractiveness and/or utility. The Community Redevelopment Law (Health and Safety
Code, Sections 33031 and 33032) contains a definition of blight used to determine eligibility of
proposed redevelopment project areas.
B1ueline Stream: A watercourse shown as a blue line on a U.S. Geological Service topographic
quadrangle map.
Bond: An interest-bearing promise to pay a stipulated sum of money, with the principal amount
due on a specific date. Funds raised through the sale of bonds can be used for various public
purposes.
Buildout; Build-out: Development ofIand to its fulI potential or theoretical capacity as
permitted under current or proposed planning or zoning designations. (See "Carrying Capacity
(3)")
California Air Resources Board: The State of California Agency responsible for air polIution
control.
California Clean Air Act: Legislation enacted in 1988 and amended in 1992 and 1996,
mandating a planning process to attain state ambient air quality standards
City of San Bernardino
5
!Appendix 6 Glossary.doc
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California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA): A State law requiring State and local
agencies to regulate activities with consideration for environmental protection. If a proposed
activity has the potential for a significant adverse environmental impact, an Environmental
Impact Report (EIR) must be prepared and certified as to its adequacy before taking action on the
proposed project.
California Housing Finance Agency (CHFA): A State agency, established by the Housing and
Home Finance Act of 1975, which is authorized to sell revenue bonds and generate funds for the
development, rehabilitation, and conservation oflow-and moderate-income housing.
Caltrans: California Department of Transportation.
Capital Improvements Program (CIP): A program established by a city or county government
and reviewed by its planning commission, which schedules permanent improvements, usually for
a minimum of five years in the future, to fit the projected fiscal capability ofthe local
jurisdiction. The program generally is reviewed annually, for conformance to and consistency
with the general plan.
Carbon Monoxide: A colorless, odorless, toxic gas produced through the incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels.
Carrying Capacity: Used in determining the potential of an area to absorb development: (1)
The level of land use, human activity, or development for a specific area that can be
accommodated permanently without an irreversible change in the quality of air, water, land, or
plant and animal habitats. (2) The upper limits of development beyond which the quality of
human life, health, welfare, safety, or community character within an area will be impaired. (3)
The maximum level of development allowable under current zoning. (See "Buildout")
o
Channelization: (1) The straightening and/or deepening of a watercourse for purposes of storm-
runoff control or ease of navigation. Channelization often includes lining of stream banks with a
retaining material such as concrete. (2) At the intersection of roadways, the directional separation
of traffic lanes through the use of curbs or raised islands that limit the paths that vehicles may
take through the intersection.
Clustered Development: Development in which a number of dwelling units are placed in closer
proximity than usual, or are attached, with the purpose of retaining an open-space area.
Collector: Relatively low speed (25-30 mph), relatively low volume (5,000-20,000 average daily
trips) street that provides circulation within and between neighborhoods. Collectors usually serve
short trips and are intended for collecting trips from local streets and distributing them to the
arterial network.
Community Care Facility: Elderly housing licensed by the State Health and Welfare Agency,
Department of Social Services, typically for residents who are frail and need supervision. 0
Services normally include three meals daily, housekeeping, security and emergency response, a
6
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
full activities program, supervision in the dispensing of medicine, personal services such as
assistance in grooming and bathing, but no nursing care. Sometimes referred to as residential
care or personal care. (See "Congregate Care")
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG): A grant program administered by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) on a formula basis for entitlement
communities, and by the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for
non-entitled jurisdictions. This grant allots money to cities and counties for housing
rehabilitation and community development, including public facilities and economic
development.
Community Facilities District: Under the Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act of 1982
(Governmertt Code Section 53311 et seq), a legislative body may create within its jurisdiction a
special distgct that can issue tax-exempt bonds for the planning, design, acquisition,
construction, and/or operation of public facilities, as well as provide public services to district
residents. Special tax assessments levied by the district are used to repay the bonds.
Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL): A 24-hour energy equivalent level derived from
a variety of single-noise events, with weighting factors of 5 and 10 dBA applied to the evening
(7 PM to 10 PM) and nighttime (10 PM to 7 AM) periods, respectively, to allow for the greater
sensitivity to noise during these hours.
Community Park: Land with full public access intended to provide recreation opportunities
beyond those supplied by neighborhood parks. Community parks are larger in scale than
neighborhood parks but smaller than regional parks.
Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA): A local agency created under California
Redevelopment Law (Health & Safety Code ~33000, et. seq.), or a local legislative body that has
been elected to exercise the powers granted to such an agency, for the purpose of planning,
developing, re-planning, redesigning, clearing, reconstructing, and/or rehabilitating all or part of
a specified area with residential, commercial, industrial, and/or public (including recreational)
structures and facilities. The redevelopment agency's plans must be compatible with adopted
community general plans.
Condominium: A structure of two or more units, the interior spaces of which are individually
owned; the balance ofthe property (both land and building) is owned in common by the owners
of the individual units.
Congestionl Management Plan (CMP): A mechanism employing growth management
techniques, including traffic level of service requirements, standards for public transit, trip
reduction programs involving transportation systems management and jobs! housing balance
strategies, and capital improvement programming, for the purpose of controlling and/or reducing
the cumulative regional traffic impacts of development.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 6 G/ossary.doc
7
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Congregate Care: Apartment housing, usually for seniors, in a group setting that includes
independent living and sleeping accommodations in conjunction with shared dining and
recreational facilities. (See "Community Care Facility.")
Consistency; Consistent With: Free from significant variation or contradiction. The various
diagrams, text, goals, policies, and programs in the general plan must be consistent with each
other, not contradictory or preferential. The term "consistent with" is used interchangeably with
"conformity with." The courts have held that the phrase "consistent with" means "agreement
with; harmonious with." Webster defines "conformity with" as meaning harmony, agreement
when used with "with." The term "conformity" means in harmony therewith or agreeable to (Sec
58 Ops.CaI.Atty.Gen. 21, 25 [1975]). California State law also requires that a general plan be
internally consistent and also requires consistency between a general plan and implementation
measures such as the zoning ordinance. As a general rule, an action program or project is
consistent with the general plan if, considering all its aspects, it will further the objectives and
policies of the general plan and not obstruct their attainment.
Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs): A term used to describe restrictive
limitations that may be placed on property and its use, and which usually are made a condition of
holding title or lease.
Critical Facility: Facilities housing or serving many people, that are necessary in the event of an 0
earthquake or flood, such as hospitals, fire, police, and emergency service facilities, utility
"lifeline" facilities, such as water, electricity, and gas supply, sewage disposal, and
communications and transportation facilities.
Cul-de-sac: A short street or alley with only a single means of ingress and egress at one end and
with a large turnaround at its other end.
Cumulative Impact: As used in CEQA, the total impact resulting from the accumulated impacts
of individual projects or programs over time.
dB: Decibel; a unit used to express the relative intensity of a sound as it is heard by the human
ear. See the noise element guidelines in Appendix A for a technical definition.
dBA: The "A-weighted" scale for measuring sound in decibels; weighs or reduces the effects of
low and high frequencies in order to simulate human hearing. Every increase of 10 dBA doubles
the perceived loudness though the noise is actually ten times more intense.
Dedication: The turning over by an owner or developer of private land for public use, and the
acceptance ofland for such use by the governmental agency having jurisdiction over the public
function for which it will be used. Dedications for roads, parks, school sites, or other public uses
often are made conditions for approval of a development by a city or county.
o
8
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
o
Dedication, In lieu of: Cash payments that may be required of an owner or developer as a
substitute for a dedication of land, usually calculated in dollars per lot, and referred to as in lieu
fees or in lieu contributions.
Defensible space: Open-spaces, entry points, and pathways configured to provide maximum
opportunities to rightful users and/or residents to defend themselves against intruders and
criminal activity.
Density, Residential: The number of permanent residential dwelling units per gross acre ofIand.
Density Bonus: The allocation of development rights that allows a parcel to accommodate
additional square footage or additional residential units beyond the maximum for which the
parcel is zoned. Under Government Code Section 65915, a housing development that provides
20 percent of its units for lower income households, or ten percent of its units for very low-
income households, or 50 percent of its units for seniors, is entitled to a density bonus and other
conceSSIOns.
Density, Employment: A measure of the number of employed persons per specific area (for
.
example, employees/acre).
o
Density Transfer: A way of retaining open space by concentrating densities usually in compact
areas adjacent to existing urbanization and utilities while leaving unchanged historic, sensitive,
or hazardous areas. In some jurisdictions, for example, developers can buy development rights of
properties tirgeted for public open space and transfer the additional density to the base number
of units permitted in the zone in which they propose to develop.
Design Review; Design Control: The comprehensive evaluation of a development and its
impact on neighboring properties and the community as a whole, from the standpoint of site and
landscape design, architecture, materials, colors, lighting, and signs, in accordance with a set of
adopted criteria and standards. "Design Control" requires that certain specific things be done and
that other things not be done. Design Control language is most often found within a zoning
ordinance. "Design Review" usually refers to a system set up outside of the zoning ordinance,
whereby projects are reviewed against certain standards and criteria by a specially established
design review board or committee. (See "Architectural Control")
Developable Land: Land that is suitable as a location for structures and that can be developed
free of hazards to, and without disruption of, or significant impact on, natural resource areas.
Development Agreement: A legislatively approved contract between a jurisdiction and a person
having legal or equitable interest in real property within the jurisdiction (California Government
Code S658q5 et. seq.) that "freezes" certain rules, regulations, and policies applicable to
development of a property for a specified period oftime, usually in exchange for certain
concessions by the owner.
o Development Fee: See "Impact Fee"
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 6 G/ossary.doc
9
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Dwelling Unit: A room or group of rooms (including sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation
facilities, but not more than one kitchen), that constitutes an independent housekeeping unit,
occupied or intended for occupancy by one household on a long-term basis.
Easement: Usually the right to use property owned by another for specific purposes or to gain
access to another property. For example, utility companies often have easements on the private
property of individuals to be able to install and maintain utility facilities.
Easement, Conservation: A tool for acquiring open-space with less than full-fee purchase,
whereby a public agency buys only certain specific rights from the land owner. These may be
positive rights (providing the public with the opportunity to hunt, fish, hike, or ride over the
land) or they may be restrictive rights (limiting the uses to which the land owner may devote the
land in the future.)
Elderly: Persons age 62 and older. (See "Seniors")
Elderly Housing: Typically one- and two-bedroom apartments or condominiums designed to
meet the needs of persons 62 years of age and older or, if more than 150 units, persons 55 years
of age and older, and restricted to occupancy by them.
Emergency Shelter: A facility that provides immediate and short-term housing and 0
supplemental services for the homeless. Shelters come in many sizes, but an optimum size is
considered to be 20 to 40 beds. Supplemental services may include food, counseling, and access
to other social programs. (See "Transitional Housing")
Eminent Domain: The right of a public entity to acquire private property for public use by
condemnation and the payment of just compensation.
Emission Standard: The maximum amount of pollutant legally permitted to be discharged from
a single source, either mobile or stationary.
Endangered Species: A species of animal or plant is considered to be endangered when its
prospects for survival and reproduction are in immediate jeopardy from one or more causes.
Environment: CEQA defines environment as "the physical conditions which exist within the
area which will be affected by a proposed project, including land, air, water, mineral, flora,
fauna, noise, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance."
Environmental Impact Report (EIR): A report required pursuant to the California
Environmental Quality Act which assesses all the environmental characteristics of an area,
determines what effects or impacts will result if the area is altered or disturbed by a proposed
action, and identifies alternatives or other measures to avoid or reduce those impacts. (See
"California Environmental Quality Act")
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Erosion: (1) The loosening and transportation of rock and soil debris by wind, rain, or running
water. (2) The gradual wearing away ofthe upper layers of earth.
Exaction: A contribution or payment required as an authorized precondition for receiving a
development permit; usually refers to mandatory dedication (or fee in lieu of dedication)
requirements found in many subdivision regulations.
Expansive Soils: Soils that swell when they absorb water and shrink as they dry.
Fair Market Rent: The rent, including utility allowances, determined by the United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development for purposes of administering the Section 8
Existing Housing Program.
Family: (1) Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption [U.S. Bureau of the
Census]. (2) An individual or a group of persons living together who constitute a bona fide
single-family housekeeping unit in a dwelling unit, not including a fraternity, sorority, club, or
other group'ofpersons occupying a hotel, lodging house or institution of any kind [California].
Fault: A fracture in the earth's crust forming a boundary between rock masses that have shifted.
Feasible: Capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable time taking
into account economic, environmental, social, and technological factors.
Fiscal Impact Analysis: A projection ofthe direct public costs and revenues resulting from
population or employment change to the localjurisdiction(s) in which the change is taking place.
Enables local governments to evaluate relative fiscal merits of general plans, specific plans, or
projects.
Flood, 100- Year: The magnitude of a flood expected to occur on the average every 100 years,
based on historical data. The 100-year flood has a 1/100, or one percent, chance of occurring in
any given year.
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM): For each community, the official map on which the
Federal Insurance Administration has delineated areas of special flood hazard and the risk
premium zones applicable to that community.
Floodplain: The relatively level land area on either side of the banks ofa stream regularly
subject to flooding. That part of the floodplain subject to a one percent chance of flooding in any
I
given year is designated as an "area of special flood hazard" by the Federal Insurance
Administration.
Floodplain Fringe: All land between the floodway and the upper elevation ofthe 100-year
flood.
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Floodway: The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be
reserved in order to discharge the "base flood" without cumulatively increasing the water surface
elevation more than one foot. No development is allowed in floodways.
Floor Area Ratio (FAR): A term utilized to measure the allowable building intensity of
nonresidential structures on a site, calculated by dividing the gross floor area by the total net
acres ofthe site. For example, on a site with 40,000 square feet of net land area, a Floor Area
Ratio (FAR) of 1.0 will allow a maximum of 40,000 square feet of gross floor area to be built,
whereas a FAR of 1.5 would allow 60,000 square feet of gross floor area, and a FAR of 0.5
would allow 20,000 square feet of gross floor area.
Fossil Fuel: Coal, oil and natural gas; so called because they are the remains of ancient plant and
animal life.
Freeway: A high-speed, high-capacity, limited-access road serving regional and citywide travel.
Such roads are free of tolls, as contrasted with "turnpikes" or other "toll roads" now being
introduced into Southern California. Freeways generally are used for long trips between major
land use generators.
Fugitive Dust: Dust particles that are introduced into the air through certain activities such as
soil cultivation, off-road vehicles, or any vehicles operating on open fields or dirt roadways.
o
Granny Flat: See "Second Unit"
Ground Failure: Ground movement or rupture caused by strong shaking during an earthquake.
Includes landslide, lateral spreading, liquefaction, and subsidence.
Ground Shaking: Ground movement resulting from the transmission of seismic waves during
an earthquake.
Groundwater: Water under the earth's surface, often confined to aquifers capable of supplying
wells and springs.
Groundwater Recharge: The natural process of infiltration and percolation of rainwater from
land areas or streams through permeable soils into water-holding rocks that provide underground
storage ("aquifers").
Growth Management: The use by a community ofa wide range of techniques in combination
to determine the amount, type, and rate of development desired by the community and to channel
that growth into designated areas. Growth management policies can be implemented through
growth rates, zoning, capital improvement programs, public facilities ordinances, urban limit
lines, standards for levels of service, and other programs. (See "Congestion Management Plan")
Habitat: The physical location or type of environment in which an organism or biological
population lives or occurs.
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~.,,:,,2Z.
Appendix 6. Glossary
Handicapped: A person determined to have a physical impairment or mental disorder expected
to be of long or indefinite duration. Many such impairments or disorders are of such a nature that
a person's ability to live independently can be improved by appropriate housing conditions.
Hazardous Material: Any substance that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or
chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and
safety or to' the environment if released into the workplace or the environment. The term
includes, but is not limited to, hazardous substances and hazardous wastes.
High Occupancy Vehicle (HOY): Any vehicle other than a driver-only automobile (e.g., a
vanpool, a bus, or two or more persons to a car).
Historic Preservation: The preservation of historically significant structures and neighborhoods
.
until such time as, and in order to facilitate, restoration and rehabilitation of the building(s) to a
former condition.
Homeless: Persons and families who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence.
Includes those staying in temporary or emergency shelters or who are accommodated with
friends or others with the understanding that shelter is being provided as a last resort. California
Housing Element law, Section 65583(c)(1) requires all cities and counties to address the housing
needs of th~ homeless. (See "Emergency Shelter" and "Transitional Housing.")
Hotel: A facility in which guest rooms or suites are offered to the general public for lodging with
or without meals and for compensation, and where no provision is made for cooking in any
individual guest room or suite. (See "Motel.")
Household: All those persons (related or unrelated), who occupy a single housing unit. (See
"Family")
Households, Number of: The count of all year-round housing units occupied by one or more
persons. The concept of household is important because the formation of new households
generates the demand for housing. Each new household formed creates the need for one
additional housing unit or requires that one existing housing unit be shared by two households.
Thus, household formation can continue to take place even without an increase in population,
thereby increasing the demand for housing.
I
Housing and Community Development Department (HCD): The State agency that has
principal responsibility for assessing, planning for, and assisting communities to meet the needs
ofIow- and moderate-income households.
Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of (HUD): A cabinet-level department of
the federal government that administers housing and community development programs.
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Housing Authority, Local (LHA): Local housing agency established in State law, subject to
local activation and operation. Originally intended to manage certain federal subsidies, but
vested with broad powers to develop and manage other forms of affordable housing.
Housing Unit: The place of permanent or customary abode of a person or family. A housing unit
may be a single-family dwelling, a multi-family dwelling, a condominium, a modular home, a
mobile home, a cooperative, or any other residential unit considered real property under State
law. A housing unit has, at least, cooking facilities, a bathroom, and a place to sleep. It also is a
dwelling that cannot be moved without substantial damage or unreasonable cost. (See "Dwelling
Unit" "Family" and "Household")
Impact Fee: A fee, also called a development fee, levied on the developer of a project by a city,
county, or other public agency as compensation for otherwise-unmitigated impacts the project
will produce. Section 66000, et seq., specifies that development fees shall not exceed the
estimated reasonable cost of providing the service for which the fee is charged. To lawfully
impose a development fee, the public agency must verify its method of calculation and document
proper restrictions on use of the fund.
Industrial: The manufacture, production, and processing of consumer goods. Industrial is often
divided into "heavy industrial" uses, such as construction yards, quarrying, and factories; and
"light industrial" uses, such as research and development and less intensive warehousing and 0
manufacturing.
InfiIl Development: Development of vacant land (usually individual lots or left-over properties)
within areas that are already largely developed.
Infrastructure: Public services and facilities, such as sewage-disposal systems, water-supply
systems, other utility systems, and roads.
In Lieu Fee: (See "Dedication, In lieu of")
Institutional Uses: (1) Publicly or privately owned and operated activities such as hospitals,
. convalescent hospitals, intermediate care facilities, nursing homes, museums, and schools and
colleges; (2) churches and other religious organizations; and (3) other non-profit activities of a
welfare, educational, or philanthropic nature that cannot be considered residential, commercial,
or industrial. (See "Public and Quasi-public Facilities")
Intensity, Building: For residential uses, the actual number or the allowable range of dwelling
units per acre (per gross acre, as used in this General Plan). For non-residential uses, the actual
or the maximum permitted floor area ratios (F ARs).
Inter-agency: Indicates cooperation between or among two or more discrete agencies in regard
to a specific program.
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Intrusive Noise: That noise which intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given
location. The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency,
and time of occurrence, and tonal or informational content as well as the prevailing noise level.
Inversion Layer: A layer of warm air that traps the cooler air and any pollutants it carries,
below.
Jobs/Housing Balance; Jobs/Housing Ratio: The availability of affordable housing for
employees.IThe jobs/housing ratio divides the number of jobs in an area by the number of
employed residents. A ratio of 1.0 indicates a balance. A ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a net in-
commute; less than 1.0 indicates a net out-commute.
Joint Powers Authority (JPA): A legal arrangement that enables two or more units of
government to share authority in order to plan and carry out a specific program or set of
programs that serves both units.
LIO: The A-weighted sound level exceeded ten percent of the sample time. Similarly, Lso, Lw
etc.
Landmark: (1) A building, site, object, structure, or significant tree, having historical,
architectural, social, or cultural significance and marked for preservation by the local, state, or
.
federal government. (2) A visually prominent or outstanding structure or natural feature that
functions as a point of orientation or identification.
Land Use Classification: A system for classifying and designating the appropriate use of
properties.
Lateral Spreading: Lateral movement of soil, often as a result ofliquefaction during an
earthquake.
Ldn: Day-Night Average Sound Level. The A-weighted average sound level for a given area
(measured in decibels) during a 24-hour period with a 10 dB weighting applied to night-time
sound levels. The Ldn is approximately numerically equal to the CNEL for most environmental
settings.
Leq: The energy equivalent level, defined as the average sound level on the basis of sound energy
(or sound pressure squared). The Leq is a "dosage" type measure and is the basis for the
descriptors used in current standards, such as the 24-hour CNEL used by the State of California.
Level of Service (LOS) Standard: A standard used by government agencies to measure the
quality or effectiveness of a municipal service, such as police, fire, or library, or the performance
of a facility, such as a street or highway.
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Level of Service (Traffic): A scale from A to F, with A being best, that measures the amount of
traffic that a roadway or intersection can accommodate, based on such factors as
maneuverability, driver dissatisfaction, and delay.
Linkage: With respect to jobs/housing balance, a program designed to offset the impact of
employment on housing need within a community, whereby project approval is conditioned on
the provision of housing units or the payment of an equivalent in-lieu fee. The linkage program
must establish the cause-and-effect relationship between a new commercial or industrial
development and the increased demand for housing.
Liquefaction: The transformation ofloose, wet soil from a solid to a liquid state, often as a
result of ground shaking during an earthquake.
Live-work Quarters: Buildings or spaces within buildings that are used jointly for commercial
and residential purposes where the residential use ofthe space is secondary or accessory to the
primary use as a place of work.
Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO): A five- or seven-member commission
within each county that reviews and evaluates all proposals for formation of special districts,
incorporation of cities, annexation to special districts or cities, consolidation of districts, and
merger of districts with cities. Each county's LAFCO is empowered to approve, disapprove, or 0
conditionally approve such proposals. The LAFCO members generally include two county
supervisors, two city council members, and one member representing the general public. Some
LAFCOs include two representatives of special districts.
Low-income Household: A household with an annual income usually no greater than 80 percent
of the area median family income adjusted by household size, as determined by a survey of
incomes conducted by a city or a county, or in the absence of such a survey, based on the latest
available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (BUD) for the Section 8 housing program.
Low-income Housing Tax Credits: Tax reductions provided by the federal and State
governments for investors in housing for low-income households.
Manufactured Housing: Residential structures that are constructed entirely in the factory, and
which since June 15, 1976, have been regulated by the federal Manufactured Home Construction
and Safety Standards Act of 1974 under the administration ofthe U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD). (See "Mobile Home" and "Modular Unit")
Median Strip: The dividing area, either paved or landscaped, between opposing lanes of traffic
on a roadway. .
Mercalli Intensity Scale: A subjective measure of the observed effects (human reactions,
structural damage, geologic effects) of an earthquake. Expressed in Roman numerals from I to 0
XII.
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Microclimate: The climate of a small, distinct area, such as a city street or a building's
courtyard; can be favorably altered through functional landscaping, architecture, or other design
features.
Minipark: Small neighborhood park of approximately one acre or less.
Mixed-use: Properties on which various uses, such as office, commercial, institutional, and
residential, are combined in a single building or on a single site in an integrated development
project with significant functional interrelationships and a coherent physical design. A "single
site" may iJclude contiguous properties.
Mobile Home: A structure, transportable in one or more sections, built on a permanent chassis
and designJd for use as a single-family dwelling unit and which (1) has a minimum of 400
square feet of living space; (2) has a minimum width in excess of 102 inches; (3) is connected to
all available permanent utilities; and (4) is tied down (a) to a permanent foundation on a lot
either owned or leased by the homeowner or (b) is set on piers, with wheels removed and skirted,
in a mobile home park. (See "Manufactured Housing" and "Modular Unit")
I
Moderate-income Household: A household with an annual income between the lower income
eligibility limits and 120 percent of the area median family income adjusted by household size,
usually as established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for
the Section 8 housing program. (See "Area" and "Low-income Household")
Modular Unit: A factory-fabricated, transportable building or major component designed for
use by itself or for incorporation with similar units on-site into a structure for residential,
commercial, educational, or industrial use. Differs from mobile homes and manufactured
housing by (in addition to lacking an integral chassis or permanent hitch to allow future
movement) being subject to California housing law design standards. California standards are
more restrictive than federal standards in some respects (e.g., plumbing and energy
conservation). Also called Factory-built Housing and regulated by State law of that title. (See
"Mobile Home" and "Manufactured Housing")
Motel: (1) A hotel for motorists. (2) A facility in which guest rooms or suites are offered to the
general public for lodging with or without meals and for compensation, and where guest parking
is provided in proximity to guest rooms. Quite often, provision is made for cooking in individual
guest rooms or suites. (See "Hotel.")
Multiple Family Building: A detached building designed and used exclusively as a dwelling by
three or more families occupying separate suites.
MunicipallServices: Services traditionally provided by local government, including water and
sewer, roads, parks, schools, and police and fire protection.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards: The prescribed level of pollutants in the outside air
that cannot be exceeded legally during a specified time in a specified geographical area.
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National Environmental Policy Act (NEP A): An act passed in 1974 establishing federal
legislation for national environmental policy, a council on environmental quality, and the
requirements for environmental impact statements.
National Flood Insurance Program: A federal program that authorizes the sale of federally
subsidized flood insurance in communities where such flood insurance is not available privately.
National Historic Preservation Act: A 1966 federal law that established a National Register of
Historic Places and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and that authorized grants-in-
aid for preserving historic properties.
National Register of Historic Places: The official list, established by the National Historic
Preservation Act, of sites, districts, buildings, structures, and objects significant in the nation's
history or whose artistic or architectural value is unique.
Natural State: The condition existing prior to development.
Neighborhood: A planning area commonly identified as such in a community's planning
documents, and by the individuals residing and working within the neighborhood.
Documentation may include a map prepared for planning purposes, on which the names and
boundaries of the neighborhood are shown.
o
Neighborhood Park: City- or county-owned land intended to serve the recreation needs of
people living or working within one-half mile radius ofthe park.
Nitrogen Oxide: Primarily consists of nitric oxides (colorless, odorless gas formed from
atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen when petroleum combustion takes place under high
temperatures and/or pressure) and nitrogen dioxide (a reddish-brown irritating gas formed by the
combination of nitric oxide with oxygen).
Noise: Any sound that is undesirable because it interferes with speech and hearing, or is intense
enough to damage hearing, or is otherwise annoying. Noise, simply, is "unwanted sound."
Noise Attenuation: Reduction of the level of a noise source using a substance, material, or
surface, such as earth berms and/or solid concrete walls.
Noise Contour: A line connecting points of equal noise level as measured on the same scale.
Noise levels greater than the 60 Ldn contour (measured in dBA) require noise attenuation in
residential development.
Non-attainment: The condition of not achieving a desired or required level of performance.
Frequently used in reference to air quality. (See "Attainment")
Non-conforming Use: A use that was valid when brought into existence, but by subsequent 0
regulation becomes no longer conforming. "Non-conforming use" is a generic term and includes
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Appendix 6. Glossary
(1) non-conforming structures (by virtue of size, type of construction, location on land, or
proximity to other structures), (2) non-conforming use ofa conforming building, (3) non-
conforming use of a non-conforming building, and (4) non-conforming use ofland. Thus, any
use lawfully existing on any piece of property that is inconsistent with a new or amended general
plan, and that in turn is a violation of a zoning ordinance amendment subsequently adopted in
conformance with the general plan, will be a non-conforming use. Typically, non-conforming
uses are permitted to continue for a designated period of time, subject to certain restrictions.
Open-Space Land: Any parcel or area of land or water that is essentially unimproved and
devoted to an open-space use for the purposes of (1) the preservation of natural resources, (2) the
managed production of resources, (3) outdoor recreation, or (4) public health and safety.
Ordinance: A law or regulation set forth and adopted by a governmental authority, usually a city
or county.
Outdoor Recreation Use: A privately or publicly owned or operated use providing facilities for
outdoor recreation activities.
Overlay: A land use designation on the General Plan Land Use Map, or a zoning designation on
a zoning map, that modifies the basic underlying designation in some specific manner.
Ozone: A pungent, colorless, toxic gas. Close to the earth's surface, it is produced
photochemically from hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and sunlight and is a major component
of smog. At very high altitudes it protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Parcel: A lot in single ownership or under single control, usually considered a unit for purposes
of development.
Park Land; Parkland: Land that is publicly owned or controlled for the purpose of providing
parks, recreation, or open-space for public use.
Parking, Shared: A public or private parking area used jointly by two or more uses.
Parking Area, Public: An open area, excluding a street or other public way, used for the
parking of automobiles and available to the public, whether for free or for compensation.
Parking Management: An evolving TDM technique designed to obtain maximum utilization
from a limited number of parking spaces. Can involve pricing and preferential treatment for
HOVs, non-peak period users, and short-term users. (See "High Occupancy Vehicle" and
"Transportation Demand Management")
Parking Ratio: The number of parking spaces provided per 1,000 square offioor area (e.g., 2:1
or "two per thousand. ")
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Parks: Open-space lands whose primary purpose is recreation. (See "Open-Space Land,"
"Community Park," and "Neighborhood Park")
Parkway: An expressway or freeway designed for non-commercial traffic only; usually located
within a strip oflandscaped park or natural vegetation.
Parkway Strip: A piece of land located between the rear of a curb and the front of a sidewalk,
usually used for planting low ground cover and/or street trees, also known as "planter strip."
Particulate Matter (PM): Atmospheric particulate made up of finely divided solids or liquids
such as soot, dust, aerosols, fumes and mists. Commonly classified into two categories, PMIO
(particles between 2.5 and 10 micrometers in length) and PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5
micrometers in length).
Performance Standards: Zoning regulations that permit uses based on a particular set of
standards of operation rather than on particular type of use. Performance standards provide
specific criteria limiting noise, air pollution, emissions, odors, vibration, dust, dirt, glare, heat,
fire hazards, wastes, traffic impacts, and visual impact of a use.
Planned Unit Development (PUD): A description of a proposed unified development,
consisting at a minimum of a map and adopted ordinance setting forth the regulations governing,
and the location and phasing of all proposed uses and improvements to be included in the
development.
o
Planning Area: The area directly addressed by the general plan. A city's planning area typically
encompasses the city limits and potentially annexable land within its sphere of influence.
Planning Commission: The City of San Bernardino Planning Commission, a eight-member
body appointed by the Common Council to perform various development review and planning
functions and make recommendations to the Council.
Pollution, Non-Point: Sources for pollution that are less definable and usually cover broad areas
ofland, such as agricultural land with fertilizers that are carried from the land by runoff, or
automobiles.
Pollution, Point: In reference to water quality, a discrete source from which pollution is
generated before it enters receiving waters, such as a sewer outfall, a smokestack, or an industrial
waste pipe.
Poverty Level: As used by the U.S. Census, families and unrelated individuals are classified as
being above or below the poverty level based on a poverty index that provides a range of income
cutoffs or "poverty thresholds" varying by size of family, number of children, and age of
householder. The income cutoffs are updated each year to reflect the change in the Consumer
Price Index.
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Private Road/Private Street: Privately owned (and usually privately maintained) motor vehicle
access that is not dedicated as a public street. Typically the owner posts a sign indicating that the
street is private property and limits traffic in some fashion. For density calculation purposes,
some jurisdictions exclude private roads when establishing the total acreage of the site; however,
aisles withil) and driveways serving private parking lots are not considered private roads.
Public and Quasi-public Facilities: Institutional, academic, governmental and community
service uses, either owned publicly or operated by non-profit organizations, including private
hospitals and cemeteries.
Reclamation: The reuse of resources, usually those present in solid wastes or sewage.
Reconstruction: As used in historic preservation, the process of reproducing by new
.
construction the exact form and detail of a vanished structure, or part thereof, as it appeared
during a specific period oftime. Reconstruction is often undertaken when the property to be
reconstructed is essential for understanding and interpreting the value of an historic district and
sufficient documentation exists to insure an exact reproduction of the original.
Recreation~ Active: A type of recreation or activity that requires the use of organized play areas
including, but not limited to, softball, baseball, football and soccer fields, tennis and basketball
courts and various forms of children's play equipment.
Recreation, Passive: Type of recreation or activity that does not require the use of organized
play areas.
Redevelop: To demolish existing buildings; or to increase the overall floor area existing on a
property; or both; irrespective of whether a change occurs in land use.
Regional: Pertaining to activities or economies at a scale greater than that of a single
jurisdiction, and affecting a broad geographic area.
Regional Housing Needs Plan/Share: A quantification by a COG or by RCD of existing and
projected housing need, by household income group, for all localities within a region.
Rehabilitation: The repair, preservation, and/or improvement of substandard housing.
Residential, Multiple Family: Usually three or more dwelling units on a single site, which may
be in the same or separate buildings.
Residential, Single-family: A single dwelling unit on a building site.
Retrofit: To add materials and/or devices to an existing building or system to improve its
operation, safety, or efficiency. Buildings have been retrofitted to use solar energy and to
strengthen their ability to withstand earthquakes, for example.
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Richter Scale: A measure of the size or energy release of an earthquake at its source. The scale
is logarithmic; the wave amplitude of each number on the scale is 10 times greater than that of
the previous whole number.
Right-of-way: A strip ofland occupied or intended to be occupied by certain transportation and
public use facilities, such as roads, railroads, and utility lines.
Sanitary Landfill: The controlled placement of refuse within a limited area, followed by
compaction and covering with a suitable thickness of earth and other containment material.
Sanitary Sewer: A system of subterranean conduits that carries refuse liquids or waste matter to
a plant where the sewage is treated, as contrasted with storm drainage systems (that carry surface
water) and septic tanks or leech fields (that hold refuse liquids and waste matter on-site). (See
"Septic System")
Santa Ana Winds: Warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore) occurring
predominantly between the months of December and February. The winds develop when a
region of high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains
and west of the Rocky Mountains including most of Nevada and Utah) and move locally across
the Mojave Desert and then over and through passes in the San Gabriel, San Bernardino and San
Jacinto Mountains. 0
Second Unit: A self-contained living unit, either attached to or detached from, and in addition
to, the primary residential unit on a single lot. "Granny Flat" is one type of second unit intended
for the elderly.
Section 8 Rental Assistance Program: A federal (HUD) rent-subsidy program that is one ofthe
main sources of federal housing assistance for low-income households. The program operates by
providing "housing assistance payments" to owners, developers, and public housing agencies to
make up the difference between the "Fair Market Rent" of a unit (set by HUD) and the
household's contribution toward the rent, which is calculated at 30 percent ofthe household's
adjusted gross monthly income (GMI). "Section 8" includes programs for new construction,
existing housing, and substantial or moderate housing rehabilitation.
Seismic: Caused by or subject to earthquakes or earth vibrations.
Seniors: Persons age 62 and older. (See "Elderly")
Senior Housing: See "Elderly Housing"
Septic System: A sewage-treatment system that includes a settling tank through which liquid
sewage flows and in which solid sewage settles and is decomposed by bacteria in the absence of
oxygen. Septic systems are often used for individual-home waste disposal where an urban sewer
system is not available. (See "Sanitary Sewer") 0
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Appendix 6. Glossary
Shared Lh;ing: The occupancy of a dwelling unit by persons of more than one family in order to
reduce housing expenses and provide social contact, mutual support, and assistance. Shared
living facilities serving six or fewer persons are permitted in all residential districts by Section
1566.3 of the California Health and Safety Code.
Single-family Dwelling, Attached: A dwelling unit occupied or intended for occupancy by only
one household that is structurally connected with at least one other such dwelling unit. (See
"Townhouse.")
Single-family Dwelling, Detached: A dwelling unit occupied or intended for occupancy by only
one household that is structurally independent from any other such dwelling unit or structure
intended for residential or other use. (See "Family.")
Single Room Occupancy (SRO): A single room, typically 80-250 square feet, with a sink and
closet, but that requires the occupant to share a communal bathroom, shower, and kitchen.
Site: A parcel ofland used or intended for one use or a group of uses and having frontage on a
public or an approved private street. A lot.
Smog: A combination of smoke, ozone, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and other chemically
reactive compounds which, under certain conditions of weather and sunlight, may result in a
murky brown haze that causes adverse health effects. The primary source of smog in California
is motor vehicles.
Solid Waste: Any unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or gas. Includes organic
wastes, paper products, metals, glass, plastics, cloth, brick, rock, soil, leather, rubber, yard
wastes, and wood, but does not include sewage and hazardous materials. Organic wastes and
paper products comprise about 75 percent of typical urban solid waste.
Specific Plan: A tool authorized by Government Code ~65450 et seq. for the systematic
implementation of the general plan for a defined portion of a community's planning area. A
specific plan must specify in detail the land uses, public and private facilities needed to support
the land uses, phasing of development, standards for the conservation, development, and use of
natural resources, and a program of implementation measures, including financing measures.
Sphere of Influence: The probable physical boundaries and service area of a local agency, as
determined by the Local Agency Formation Commission.
Standards: (1) A rule or measure establishing a level of quality or quantity that must be
complied with or satisfied. Government Code 065302 requires that general plans spell out the
objectives, principles, "standards," and proposals of the general plan. Examples of standards
might include the number of acres of parkland per 1 ,000 population that the community will
attempt to acquire and improve, or the "traffic Level of Service" (LOS) that the plan hopes to
attain. (2) Requirements in a zoning ordinance that govern building and development as
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 6 Glossary.doc
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distinguished from use restrictions - for example, site-design regulations such as lot area, height
limit, frontage, landscaping, and floor area ratio.
Streets, Local: See "Streets, Minor"
Streets, Major: The transportation network that includes a hierarchy of freeways, arterials, and
collectors to service through traffic.
Streets, Minor: Local streets not shown on the Circulation Plan, Map, or Diagram, whose
primary intended purpose is to provide access to fronting properties.
Streets, Through: Streets that extend continuously between other major streets in the
community.
Structure: Anything constructed or erected that requires location on the ground (excluding
swimming pools, fences, and walls used as fences).
Subdivision: The division of a tract ofland into defined lots, either improved or unimproved,
which can be separately conveyed by sale or lease, and which can be altered or developed.
"Subdivision" includes a condominium project as defined in g1350 of the California Civil Code
and a community apartment project as defined in S II 004 of the Business and Professions Code.
Subdivision Map Act: Section 66410 et seq. ofthe California Government Code, this act vests
in local legislative bodies the regulation and control ofthe design and improvement of
subdivisions, including the requirement for tentative and final maps.
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Subregional: Pertaining to a portion of a region.
Subsidence: The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling and compaction of soil and other
surface material with little or no horizontal motion. Subsidence may be caused by a variety of
human and natural actiyity, including earthquakes. (See "Settlement")
Subsidize: To assist by payment of a sum of money or by the granting of terms or favors that
reduce the need for monetary expenditures. Housing subsidies may take the forms of mortgage
interest deductions or tax credits from federal and/or state income taxes, sale or lease at less than
market value ofland to be used for the construction of housing, payments to supplement a
minimum affordable rent, and the like.
Substandard Housing: Residential dwellings that, because of their physical condition, do not
provide safe and sanitary housing.
Sulfur Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, pungent, irritating gas formed primarily by the
combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels.
Sustainable Development: Development that maintains or enhances economic opportunity and 0
community well-being while protecting and restoring the natural environment upon which
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people and economies depend. Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Source: Minnesota
State Legislature)
Tax Increment: Additional tax revenues that result from increases in property values within a
redevelop~ent area. State law permits the tax increment to be earmarked for redevelopment
purposes but requires at least 20 percent to be used to increase and improve the community's
supply of very low- and low-income housing.
Townhouse; Townhome: A one-family dwelling in a row of at least three such units in which
each unit has its own front and rear access to the outside, no unit is located over another unit, and
each unit is separated from any other unit by one or more common and fire-resistant walls.
Townhouses usually have separate utilities; however, in some condominium situations, common
areas are serviced by utilities purchased by a homeowners association on behalf of all townhouse
members of the association. (See "Condominium.")
Traffic Model: A mathematical representation of traffic movement within an area or region
based on observed relationships between the kind and intensity of development in specific areas.
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Many traffic models operate on the theory that trips are produced by persons living in residential
areas and are attracted by various non-residential land uses. (See "Trip")
Transfer of Development Rights: Also known as "Transfer of Development Credits," a
program that can relocate potential development from areas where proposed land use or
environmental impacts are considered undesirable (the "donor" site) to another ("receiver") site
chosen on the basis of its ability to accommodate additional units of development beyond that for
which it was zoned, with minimal environmental, social, and aesthetic impacts.
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Transit: The conveyance of persons or goods from one place to another by means of a local,
public transportation system.
Transit-oriented Development (TOD): A mixed-use community within an average 2,000-foot
walking distance of a transit stop and core commercial area. TODs mix residential, retail, office,
and public uses in a walkable environment, making it convenient for residents and employees to
travel by transit, bicycle, foot, or car.
Transitional Housing: Shelter provided to the homeless for an extended period, often as long as
18 months, and generally integrated with other social services and counseling programs to assist
,
in the transition to self-sufficiency through the acquisition of a stable income and permanent
housing. (See "Homeless" and "Emergency Shelter")
Transportation Demand Management (TDM): A strategy for reducing demand on the road
system by reducing the number of vehicles using the roadways and/or increasing the number of
persons pe~ vehicle. TDM attempts to reduce the number of persons who drive alone on the
roadway during the commute period and to increase the number in carpools, vanpools, buses and
trains, walking, and biking. TDM can be an element ofTSM (see below).
City of San Bernardino
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Transportation Systems Management (TSM): A comprehensive strategy developed to address
the problems caused by additional development, increasing trips, and a shortfall in transportation
capacity. Transportation Systems Management focuses on more efficiently utilizing existing
highway and transit systems rather than expanding them. TSM measures are characterized by
their low cost and quick implementation time frame, such as computerized traffic signals,
metered freeway ramps, and one-way streets.
Trees, Street: Trees strategically planted - usually in parkway strips, medians, or along streets to
enhance the visual quality of a street.
Trip: A one-way journey that proceeds from an origin to a destination via a single mode of
transportation; the smallest unit of movement considered in transportation studies. Each trip has
one "production end" (or origin - often from home, but not always), and one "attraction end"
(destination). (See "Traffic Model")
Trip Generation: The dynamics that account for people making trips in automobiles or by
means of public transportation. Trip generation is the basis for estimating the level of use for a
transportation system and the impact of additional development or transportation facilities on an
existing, local transportation system. Trip generations of households are correlated with
destinations that attract household members for specific purposes.
Truck Route: A path of circulation required for all vehicles exceeding set weight or axle limits,
a truck route follows major arterials through commercial or industrial areas and avoids sensitive
areas.
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Uniform Building Code (UBC): A national, standard building code that sets forth minimum
standards for construction.
Uniform Housing Code (UHC): State housing regulations governing the condition of habitable
structures with regard to health and safety standards, and which provide for the conservation and
rehabilitation of housing in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC).
Urban: Of, relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city. Urban areas are generally
characterized by moderate and higher density residential development (i.e., three or more
dwelling units per acre), commercial development, and industrial development, and the
availability of public services required for that development, specifically central water and
sewer, an extensive road network, public transit, and other such services (e.g., safety and
emergency response). Development not providing such services may be "non-urban" or "rural"
(See "Urban Land Use") CEQA defines "urbanized area" as an area that has a population density
of at least 1,000 persons per square mile - (public Resources Code 21080.14(b)).
Urban Design: The attempt to give form, in terms of both beauty and function, to selected urban
areas or to whole cities. Urban design is concerned with the location, mass, and design of various
urban components and combines elements of urban planning, architecture, and landscape 0
architecture.
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Urban Land Use: Residential, commercial, or industrial land use in areas where urban services
are available.
Urban Services: Utilities (such as water, gas, electricity, and sewer) and public services (such as
police, fire, schools, parks, and recreation) provided to an urbanized or urbanizing area.
Utility Corridors: Rights-of-way or easements for utility lines on either publicly or privately
owned property. (See "Right-of-way" or "Easement")
Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT): A key measure of overall street and highway use. Reducing
VMT is often a major objective in efforts to reduce vehicular congestion and achieve regional air
quality goals.
Very Low-income Household: A household with an annual income usually no greater than 50
percent of the area median family income adjusted by household size, as determined by a survey
of incomes conducted by a city or a county, or in the absence of such a survey, based on the
latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) for the 08 housing program.
Volume-to-Capacity Ratio: A measure of the operating capacity of a roadway or intersection,
in terms of the number of vehicles passing through, divided by the number of vehicles that
theoretically could pass through when the roadway or intersection is operating at its designed
capacity. Abbreviated as bv IC.O At a V IC ratio of 1.0, the roadway or intersection is operating
at capacity. If the ratio is less than 1.0, the traffic facility has additional capacity. Although ratios
slightly greater than 1.0 are possible, it is more likely that the peak hour will elongate into a
"peak period." (See "Level of Service")
Watercourse: Natural or once natural flowing (perennially or intermittently) water including
rivers, streams, and creeks. Includes natural waterways that have been channelized, but does not
include manmade channels, ditches, and underground drainage and sewage systems.
Watershed: The total area above a given point on a watercourse that contributes water to its
flow; the entire region drained by a waterway or watercourse that drains into a lake, or reservoir.
Zero Lot Line: A detached single-family unit distinguished by the location of one exterior wall
on a side property line.
Zone, Interim: A zoning designation that temporarily reduces or freezes allowable development
in an area until a permanent classification can be fixed; generally assigned during general plan
preparation to provide a basis for permanent zoning.
Zoning: The division of a city or county by legislative regulations into areas, or zones, that
specify allowable uses for real property and size restrictions for buildings within these areas; a
program that implements policies of the General Plan.
City of San Bernardino
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Zoning District: A designated section of a city or county for which prescribed land use
requirements and building and development standards are uniform.
Zoning, Incentive: The awarding of bonus credits to a development in the form of allowing
more intensive use ofland if public benefits (such as preservation of greater than the minimum
required open-space; provision for low- and moderate-income housing; or plans for public plazas
and courts at ground level) are included in a project.
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Appendix 7
Issues Report
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
o CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
Draft Issues Report
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Prepared by:
The Planning Center
October 21.2002
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .... ............... ....... .......... .................................................1
CIRCULATION. ....... ... .................................. ............................................2
C- I: Mulri-Modal Transit .......................................................................2
C- 2: Roadway Congestion............. ................................... .......................2
C- 3: Connectivity................................................. .......................... ... ......3
C-4: Roadway Improvements, Safety & Maintenance...............................3
C- 5: Trails ..................... ....... ..................................... ............................. 3
C-6: Truck Routes(f raffic ....... ................................................................4
COMMUNITY CHARACTER/CITY IMAGE............................................4
CCCI-l: City "Personality" .....................................................................4
CCCI-2: Historic Structures, Districts and the Depot ..............................6
CCCI-3: City Leadership .........................................................................6
CONSERVATION ..................................................................................... 7
CO- I: Minimizing Impacts and Preserving Habitats................................ 7
ECONOMY ...............................................................................................8
EC-l: Growth Sectors .............................................................................8
EC-2: Retail/Commercial................................. .......................................9
EC-3: Office............................................... ............................................9
EC-4: Industrial................................................................... ....... .... ...... 10
EC- 5: Downtown................................... ...............................................1 0
EC-6: Employment Oppottunities.........................................................ll
EC-7: Westside Development ............................................................... I I
EDUCATION ..........................................................................................12
E- I: Expanding Educational Opportunities ..........................................12
E-2: The University District................................................................. 13
HOUSING ISSUES ..................................................................................14
H- I: Preservation & Rehabilitation .......................................................14
H-2: A Range of Housing Choices......................................................... 14
LAND USE ..............................................................................................15
LU- I: Unincorporated Islands ...............................................................15
LU-2: Commercial Land Uses................................................................16
LU-3: Jobs-Housing ........................................................................:.... I 7
LU-4: Land Use Compatibility ..............................................................17
LU- 5: Mixed Use ..................................................................................17
LU-6: Hillside Development .................................................................18
LU-7: Suburban Lifestyle ......................................................................18
LU-8: Indian Lands............................. .................................................. 19
LU-9: Airport .......................... ........... ..................................................19
LU -1 0: Noise....................................... ............. ...... ..... ............ ... ..........20
PARKS, RECREATION, AND CULTURE ..............................................20
PRC-l: Patk and Recreation Facilities ...................................................20
PRC-2: Open Space......................................................... .....................21
PRC- 3: Cultural Resources.... .............. ............ ...................... ................ 21
PRC-4: Libraries............... ............................................... .....................22
PUBLIC FACILITIES & SERVICES ISSUES .............................................22
PFS-l: Capital Improvements & Public Facilities ...................................22
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
PFS-2: Code Enforcement .................................................................... 23
PFS-3: Water Supply ........................................................................... 24
SAFETY ISSUES... ... ..... ........... ................................ ........ ........... ... ....... ... 24
S-l: Police Services ............................................................................... 24
S-2: Fire Services ..................................................................................25
5-3: Fire Hazards .................................................................................25
S-4: Seismic.......................................................................................... 25
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
INTRODUCTION
The following report provides a brief and general background discussion of
the various growth and development issues facing the City of San Bernardino
in the next 25 years. The purpose of this report is to take the important step
of identifying issues of local and regional importance within the context of
the San Bernardino General Plan update. This step will serve as the basis for
prioritizing issues, preparing policies and implementation measures
addressing these issues, and organizing these issues and accompanying
policies within the General Plan and Specific Plan documents.
The report is divided into the following major topics: Circulation,
Community Characrer/lmage, Conservarion, Economic Development,
Education, Housing, Land Use, Parks and Recreation, Public Facilities and
Services, and Public Safety. The topics are then subdivided into more specific
issues and subcategories that may need to be addressed in the General Plan.
Each subcategory then contains an issue statement briefly describing the
impact of the given issue on the General Plan update process, followed by a
more descriptive synopsis of the subtopic. The topics included in this report
are intended to closely mirror the City of San Bernardino General Plan
Elements as they presently exist and are anticipated to evolve in the near
future as more is learned from the development of the economic and traffic
studies, the Tippecanoe Area Plan, the University Specific Plan and other
program rasks.
Each section contains a brief description of the issues related to the relevant
topic and includes input from policy documents, studies and reports prepared
for the various City Departments, the Economic Conditions and Tends report
prepared for rhe General Plan update, City Staff, residents, the business
community and other stakeholders. Input from community members was
obtained through five community visioning workshops held throughout the
City in November 2001. The workshops were specifically designed to allow
residents the opportunity to discuss issues that need to be addressed in the
General Plan update as well as providing input to ultimately create a vision
for the City's future.
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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CIRCULA nON
C-l: Multi-Modal Transit
Isme Statement: Creating a range of transit opportunities for residents can decrease
traffic congestion and commute times.
Existing land use patterns have tesulted in an incteasing dependence on the
automobile. Even with innovative land use planning, the supply of roadway
capacity in relation to vehicle trip demand will likely diminish, further
exacerbating congestion and poor air quality. However, there exist a number
of transportation alternatives that can aid in reducing automobile trips and
associated consequences. The City has the opportunity to link a number of
forms of transportation into a cohesive system. Examples of multi-modal
transit include a linking of rail and bus systems, park and ride facilities with
bike routes, buses, and car/van pool opportunities. The following specific
issues were identified as needing special attention in the General Plan
update.
. The development of a multi-modal transportation plan (especially
connections to the airport) can lead to increased efficiency and
reduced automobile congestion.
· Air transportation will be of increasing importance in the region.
San Bernardino has the opportunity to capitalize on its airport to
meet the growing need for air transport.
· Grade separations between railroads and roads are needed to
promote safety, efficiency and emergency access.
C-2: Roadway Congestion
Issue Statement: Improved transportation facilities and systems, and alternative modes
of travel are needed to reduce roadway congestion.
San Bernardino contains a number of freeways, highways and arterial roads,
which serve as vital inter- and intra-regional linkages for the movement of
people and goods. Internal growth and commutes from San Bernardino to
other cities and counties have led to increasing commute times and roadway
congestion. Continued urban growth is expected, further exacerbating the
situation. Methods generally used to deal with congestion include improved
transportation facilities and systems, the provision of alternative means of
travel, altered work schedules and patterns, and land use patterns that allow
employment, service and housing opportunities in close proximity.
Transportation Management is a potential mitigation measure for project-
related traffic impacts. Transportation Management provides the opportunity
to manage transportation systems (TSM) or manage the demand on
transportation systems (TDM) in order to make the most efficient use of
existing facilities. Examples of this include reducing the number of single
occupant motor vehicle trips or increasing the use of alternative modes of
transportation.
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
· A system of roadways must be implemented that provides adequate
capacity to accommodate traffic generated by approved land uses in
the City at an acceptable level of service.
. Traffic is especially congested in the University area during certain
parts of the school year. There should be multiple access streets to
the University ro relieve congestion off of University Parkway and
decrease rhe back-up caused on the 1-215.
C-3: Connectivity
iJJue Statement: Linking romiJ with trailJ, bike laneJ and tramit JYJtemJ can relieve
road congmion and interconnect ail pam of the City.
The City has the opportunity ro create an integrated circulation plan that
will not only connect roads with trails, bike lanes and multi-modal transit
systems, but that will utilize the entire circulation system ro connect all parts
of the City ro each other.
. Relating the master plan for parks ro the circulation plan may
identify opportunities ro create linkages and improve connections.
. Linking the several major centers (Downtown, Tri-
city/Commercenter, Inland Center and Central City Malls, CSUSB,
and San Bernardino International Airport) can create a greater sense
of community.
. San Bernardino has evolved over time without adequate organization
of land uses, building forms, open spaces and linkages.
Consequently, a number of districts are poorly defined or
incompletely linked ro adjacent ones.
C-4: Roadway Improvements, Safety & Maintenance
iJJUe Statement: Roadway improvementJ are needed to maintain a Jafe and efficient
road network.
Due ro residents', travelers' and businesses' reliance on the roadway system,
the necessity of maintaining an efficient and safe network while minimizing
impacts on adjacent land uses will remain a rop priority. Roadway
improvements may also accommodate multiple forms of transportation such
as transit lines or multi-purpose trails in order ro maximize corridor
efficiency .
· A special level of effort is needed ro ensure sufficient financial
support for maintaining the City's roadway system.
· There is an opportunity to coordinate with Calrrans ro improve state
controlled streets, taking advantage of their new policy of "context"
sensitive solutions.
C-5: Trails
iJJUe Statement: TraiiJ provide an opportunity to interconnect the city, provide
recreational opportunitieJ and maintain a Juburban Ii/myle.
Multi-use trails for hikers and bicyclists can serve both as a means of
recreation and leisure and as an alternate mode of transportation. The rural
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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nature of many City areas along with its tremendous scenic qualities make
trails a particularly attractive community amenity. Additionally, trails and
greenbelts can connect open spaces and parks with activity centers
throughout the City and offer the potential to increase tourism, land values
and recreational opportunities.
. The General Plan should address trail linkages and strategies for
timely implementation.
C-6: Truck Routesffraffic
ISJUe Statement: Truck traffic needs to be managed to reduce road congestion and
improve air quality.
Truck transportation plays a prominent role within the intermodal freight
system for the City. Truck traffic, particularly on freeways and arterial roads
within large industrial and manufacturing/warehousing districts, can
contribute significantly to congestion and poor air quality. Their presence on
local streets is often seen as an unsafe nuisance to residential and public uses.
The challenge in a rapidly urbanizing City is to balance the objectives of
continued economic growth with quality of life objectives such as safe streets,
good air quality and decreased roadway congestion.
· Efforts to better manage truck traffic can lead to a decrease in
congestion and noise pollution.
· Impacts of traffic on sensitive receptors, such as residential
neighborhoods and schools should be minimized.
COMMUNITY CHARACTER/CITY IMAGE
From its early beginnings as a home to Spanish Missionaries, to its
incorporation in 1854 when the City was inhabited predominantly by those
of the Mormon faith, to today, San Bernardino has been a community proud
of its pioneer spiri~, optimism and innovation.
CCCI-l: City "Personality"
Issue Statement: Opportunity exists to link isolated districts of the City, create a
distinct personality for San Bernardino and enhance the City's image.
There was consensus among City Staff and residents that the City's diversity,
large tracts of undeveloped land, physically isolated communities, and high
growth rate in the early 1990s, have caused San Bernardino's historic
character, distinct personality and buildings to gradually disappear.
Community members in particular believe the City needs to recreate and
capture its distinct personality, perhaps creating a greater sense of
community through the select preservation of historic buildings and the
development of separate theme identities for the City's various districts.
· A cohesive identity and personality is lacking in the City. It is
difficult to identify when you have entered or left the City, which is
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partly due co confusing jurisdiccional boundaries and unincorporated
islands, as well as co the lack of a unifying theme.
. Entries into the City should be well defined or highlighted co help
define boundaries and act as landmarks.
. There is a desire co develop and implement a cohesive theme for the
entire City as well as sub-themes for neighborhoods co provide
identity, help create a sense of community, and add co the City's
personality.
. Route 66 Rendezvous and other cultural activities can be utilized co
build a distinct identity for the City.
. San Bernardino has evolved over time without a defined strategy for
organization of land uses, building forms, open spaces and linkages.
Consequently, anum ber of districts are poorly defined or
inadequately linked co adjacent ones. A goal of the General Plan
should be co define districts and create linkages between them.
. Man made "edges" (Santa Fe Railroad, rail yards, 1-10) tend to
isolate different districts from one another. These edges deserve
special attention in creating clear linkages.
. The City's personality and image are negatively affected by its
landscaping and general level of attractiveness. A major component
of residents' view of the Ciry's future is the creation of a clean and
attractive San Bernardino, which is well-landscaped, especially in
street medians.
. The high crime rate and label as the arson capitol of the US creates a
negative image. Policies in the Public Safety Element should be
created to enhance the real and perceived level of safety within the
Ciry.
. The Ciry's image could benefit from a distinct downtown skyline,
which would act as a symbol for the Ciry and to distinguish the Ciry
as the County seat. The General Plan should create a height and
FAR ratio, which promotes the continued development of a distinct
skyline downtown.
City of San Bernardino
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!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
CCCI-2: Historic Structures, Districts and the Depot
Issue Statement: The General Plan update process should consider the preservation and
relocation of historic structures to accentuate the City's image and character. The City
is committed to the renovation and reuse of the historic Santa Fe Depot and making
physical and functional improvements to the surrounding neighborhoods.
Due to the City's long history, cu!rural, historic, and paleontological
resources are important assets for City residents. They provide a sense of
orientarion and civic identiry, and are fundamentally connected to the quality
of life residents currently enjoy. Historic and prehistoric resources give
character and distinction ro communities, offer educational and inspirarional
benefits for present and furure generations, and can produce economic
benefits to the City. As such, the City may consider identifying and
establishing additional historic buildings or districts.
· Historical resources and architecturally significant buildings can be
capitalized on to help create character and identity for the City.
· The City should consider relocating historic homes to the Historic
Santa Fe Depot District. This may include the acquisition and
relocation of architecturally significant historic homes from the
Lakes and Streams project area (and other areas intended for
clearance) to vacant residential lots in the Historic Depot District.
These homes could then be restored and sold to their former and/or
a new owner.
· New industrial, office, retail and business park buildings in rhe
Depot District should be required to have architectural styles
consistent with the historic Santa Fe Depot or "classic" styles of the
era and should be consistent with the Historic Depot District
Concept Improvement Plan.
· Any efforts to preserve historic buildings should be balanced with
property rights and the structural integrity/safety of the buildings.
CCCI-3: City Leadership
Issue Statement: While the City's strong leadershiP is recognized by its residents,
opportunity exists for increased responsiveness to resident's concerns at all levels of
government.
With its strong leadership and commitment to collaboration, the City is well
poised to address issues of concern in San Bernardino. Through their
cooperative efforts, the Mayor, and Common Council have prioritized a list of
six shared goals, consisting of the following:
.
Priority 1: Maintain City Economic Development Agency financial
stability.
Priority 2: Take steps to enhance the City's Image.
Priority 3: Provide adequate staffing levels to meet service demands.
Priority 4: Create the "lakes and streams" project as the City's
signature development.
Priority 5: Develop more effective blight abatement (beautification).
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
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Priority 6: Increase efforts to become more streamlined and less
bureaucratic in processing development projects.
The ability of the Mayor and Common Council to cooperate in their efforts to
address vital community issues is a great source of strength for San
Bernardino and will ptove invaluable in minimizing constraints and
maximizing opportunities raised in this report. Most residents are also
pleased with the City government. However some residents, especially those
in the Westside and Verdemont would like for the City to be more
responsive to their needs and create additional methods of obtaining input
from residents.
Leadership is also present at the staff level. For instance, the newly formed
Beautification Advisoty Team (BAT), a City Department Head level working
group, is currently developing and implementing strategies to improve the
aesthetic qualities of the City. Programs suggested by BAT, in addition to
other strategies for creating a "cleaner and greener" San Bernardino may
need to be codified in the General Plan and Zoning Code.
· Utilize the shared goals of the City as a foundation of the General
Plan and vision for the future.
· Utilize the BAT Team's authority and structure to implement
concepts of the General Plan.
· Incorporate the goals and concepts of the BAT Team into the
policies of the General Plan.
CONSERVATION
CO-I: Minimizing Impacts and Preserving Habitats
Issue Statement: The conservation of certain lands and ecological habitats within the
City should be considered as part of the General Plan.
There is a strong desire to minimize the environmental impact of future
development, especially in hillside, mountainous and habitat areas.
Conserving land can enhance the City's quality of life, maintain a rural
feeling within San Bernardino and balance the need for development with
related environmental impacts.
· Establishing environmental programs can minimize the impacts of
future developments, especially in the hillsides.
· Balancing the preservation of plant and wildlife habitats with the
need for new development will be essential as growth continues.
· Coordination with regional multi-species habitat conservation
planning efforts will help ensure that the City's interests are
considered.
· The environmental resources offered by the Santa Ana River and
Cajon Wash should be explored in terms of assets to the City.
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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ECONOMY
The City of San Bernardino is an economic giant ready to be awakened. The
City benefits greatly from its location, serving as a trucking and railroad hub,
with its commitment to redeveloping blighted areas and from its large
amounts of undeveloped land. Despite these and other positive economic
factors, the City suffers from a relatively high unemployment rate, a high
percentage of residents receiving public assistance, high office vacancy rates
and a generally depressed market. In addressing these issues, the City should
continue efforts to expand employment opportunities for residents and
partner with the business community to create and maintain competitive
advantages. Additionally, while participants in the Business Representatives
focus group meeting conducted as part of the General Plan update, view San
Bernardino as slightly businesses unfriendly, particularly due to excessive
"red tape" and high tax rates, the City has recently undertaken extraordinary
efforts to retain and attract small and large companies,
EC-l: Growth Sectors
Issue Statement: Opportunities for growth abound in San Bernardino in a multitude
ofjob sectors acroJJ all skill and income levels.
Potential for economic growth lies with the City's competitive advantage in
several key sectors. In the coming years, San Bernardino must work with the
business community to promote and facilitate growth in these industries
while also developing competitive advantages in additional sectors. As part
of the General Plan update, an Existing Economic Conditions and Trends
Report was created to provide direction on key growth areas in the City. The
following provides a summary of the study's key findings, which will be used
to create policies in the Economic Development Element and other sections
of the General Plan, as appropriate.
· According to economic projections, opportunities exist for the City
to capture a greater percentage of jobs in the light industrial and
manufacturing sectors and special food preparation.
· The health services sector has a larger proportion of high value jobs
and according to economic projections, provides tremendous
opportunity to San Bernardino due to the proximity of Lorna Linda
Hospital and the City's relatively inexpensive land.
· Partnerships and alliances with the Educational Services sector will
be very important in not only creating a competitive labor pool, but
also in providing a regional amenity.
· Opportunities for Wholesale Trade related uses with frontage to the
1-215 should be explored. Eventual completion of the I-21O/Route
30 connection will provide significant locational advantages.
· The new and fast growing Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF)
inter-model hub can be capitalized on to provide local businesses
with a competitive advantage with low transportation costs.
· Development potential exists along rail lines, for rail related and
dependant uses.
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· There is a moderate demand for mid-priced, business quality hotel
rooms.
EC-2: Retail/Commercial
Issue Statement: Retail sales in the City are in a state of decline due primarily to
competition from surrounding cities. H/JWever, revitalizing and accentuating existing
retail centers can reverse this trend.
The City's total taxable sales declined at an average rate of 1.3 percent
annually from 1990 to 1999, while the County's taxable sales grew at an
average annual rate of 1.7 percent in constant 2000 dollars. In addition,
many of the City's multi-tenant centers have vacancies ranging from 15 to
40 percent. However, while the City currently contains excess retail space,
there is opportunity for growth. However, current retail/commercial centers,
including the Carousal Mall and Inland Center should be rehabilitated to
ensure continued shopping opportunities and sales growth.
· The provision of adequate retail sites is necessaty to prevent
residents from spending dollars outside of the City as well as
enticing non-tesidents to shop within the City.
. The Carousel and the Inland Centet Malls should be reviewed for
potential new uses including the addition of mixed use
developments, long term hotels and community open space.
. A surplus of commercial strip malls exists in the City, many of which
are deteriorating. The City may consider redeveloping these areas or
modifying their land use designations.
. Creating "ethnic-themed" commercial centers has the potential to
create a sense of place and increase the capture area of shopping
centers.
EC-3: Office
Issue Statement: Office space in the City is marginally rwerbuilt, but room for gr/JWth
and expansion exists.
The demand for office space in the Inland Empire, particularly east of
Ontario, is forecast to increase in the next five to ten years. According to an
. economic analysis prepared by Economics Research Associates (ERA), while
the City's office market is currently overbuilt, projected employment growth
estimates show that the City could capture as much as 170,000 square feet
annually over the next five years. Most of the oncoming office demand in San
Bernardino is likely to be fulftlled by infill development in the downtown
area. Market conditions which permit some lower-density office park
development can be accommodated in the northern part of the City, either
along the 1-215 corridor or adjacent to the University.
. Redesignating vacant industrial land along the 1-215 may create an
opportunity for University related businesses to locate in the City.
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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EC-4: Industrial
ISlUe Statement: Industrial space in the City is marginally twewuilt, but there is room
for short-term and particularly long-term growth.
According co the ERA srudy, indusrrial vacancies in the City (4.8%) are
significandy lower than the tegional market as a whole (7.1 %). Indusrrial
renrs are still lower than the regional average and demand faccors indicate
that the indusrrial market in the City is marginally overbuilt. However, the
City could absorb approximately 400,000 square feet annually over the next
four years, with the capacity co accommodate approximately two million
square feet (on approximately 151 acres) by the end of the 2025. In the short
term, most of the indusrrial gcowth is expected co be in the warehouse
disrriburion seccor due co the availability of prime locations with access CO
regional inrerstate highway system. This could be expanded to include key
manufacruring and R&D sectors if the City is able CO establish pro-active
alliances with existing educational and professional instirutions.
· land use designations may be in need of adjustmenr to account for
projected increase in demand for indusrrial space.
· large tracts of undeveloped land lie along the 1-215 corridor
between downrown and the Tri-City area and east of the corridor
extending co the San Bernardino Inrernational Airport. This is an
opporrunity for future growth, bur at presenr there is insufficient
economic demand or marketing efforts CO result in the in fill of these
areas for commercial or industrial uses.
EC-5: Downtown
Issue Statement: The Downtown should be revitalized and intensified, particularly
with mixed-use and cultural activities.
The City's Downrown is a primary activity and economic center. As with the
rest of San Bernardino, there is excess office space in the Downrown area, bur
due to its competitive advanrages, growth can occur in specific economic
seccofS and office space designed for particular uses may be needed.
· Inrensifying the downrown with government and professional
offices, convention facilities, hotels, cuI rural facilities, supporting
retail and restauranrs, and high-density residenrial can create a
regional recreational, employment and retail center with local
live/work communities (the provision of housing and employment
within the same parcel of land) in San Bernardino.
· Arts on 5'h, which will be located on yh Street between D and E,
will provide instruction in the areas of theater, dance, music, visual
arts and creative writing with a mix of classroom and srudio work.
Policies may need co be refined or added to the General Plan, which
allow for compatible uses co create a synergy with the arts program.
· According to economic projections, the City may be able co capture
as much as 170,000 square feet of office annually over the next five
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years in the Downtown. The General Plan Land Use Element should
ensure the City's ability to capture this anticipated growth.
EC-6: Employment Opportunities
bJue Statement: Employment opportunitieJ, eJpecially high paying jobJ, Jhould be
increaJed in the City to promote a jobJ to houJing balance.
San Bernardino currently experiences an imbalanced job to housing ratio.
However, unlike many cities, San Bernardino supplies a relatively high
number of housing units when compared to the amount of jobs provided in
the City. The solution is not to demolish existing units or prevent new
construction, but to develop economically and provide more amenities for
residents. This will allow an increased number of resident an opportunity to
work in the City and encourage our current and future labor force to live in
San Bernardino and not in surrounding cities.
· Securing additional employment opportunities, especially those jobs
paying higher wages, may provide residents with an opportunity to
live and work within San Bernardino, reducing the need to commute
to other cities and counties.
· General Plan policies encouraging coordination with the County
would be beneficial to ensure any future expansion of County
buildings results in growth opportunities for the City.
EC-7: Westside Development
Juue Statement: While the WeJtJide iJ impoveriJhed, opportunitieJ for growth can be
recognized to revitalize thiJ area of the City.
San Bernardino's Westside is its most impoverished area. There is a strong
desire on the parr of both residents and business owners to revitalize the area
and there is also agreement that the Westside contains many resources
(human and natural resources) that may benefit the entire City. A challenge
in the General Plan will be to develop this area economically, taking
advantage of its many resources and providing job training and other
professional enhancement services to its residents.
· According to residents, the City has been attempting to revitalize
the Westside for many years. A possible solution posed by a member
of the business community to increase the rare of economic growrh
in the area is to redesignate, suitable land in the Westside as
industrial in order to create additional jobs. The reevaluation of land
uses in the Westside should be considered in the economic studies
prepared for the General Plan update.
· The Westside helps bring in grant dollars to the City, but according
to residents, the money never makes its way to that area of the City.
A General Plan policy stating the City's commitment to spending
grant monies in the areas of the City for which they were received,
should be considered.
· Residents of the Westside believe there is a need for additional
financial service providers, and higher quality services in general,
such as restaurants and hotels in their area of the City. Long-term
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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policy solutions for the proper provision of good and services and thc
overall economic development of the Westsidc should be
incorporatcd in[O the Economic Dcvelopmcnt Element.
EDUCATION
E-l: Expanding Educational Opportunities
Issue Statement: The City if dedicated to collaborating with local school districts to
ensure the best possible education for residents of all ages.
The City is home [0 two major educational institutions: the California Scate
University at San Bernardino (CSUSB), which is addressed further in the
University Disuier subsection, and the San Bernardino Valley College
(SBVC). While it is generally believcd that the relationship with these
schools has been underutilized in the past, therc is general agreement thar
they should now become fully inregrated with the resr of rhe Ciry. This may
be accomplished by creating additional physical linkages [0, and increasing
interacrions with, these institutions. Creating such connecrions and
opportunities for partnership will provide the insritutions with an
opportuniry to shape rhe community, and its role therein, for the mutual
benefit students, faculty, residents and the business communiry.
· The City should work with CSUSB and SBVC [0 integrare and link
the schools, physically and socially, [0 their surrounding
communities so rhey bccome an integral part of the City and irs
future. Land adjacent [0 SBVC in particular should be explored [0
help integrare rhe college with rhe surrounding area.
· Economic and. social partnerships wirh CSUSB and SBVC can
porentially enhance the quality of life in the Ciry and provide real-
world experience for students.
· Coordinarion wirh the local school disuicrs, [0 ensure conrinued
developmenr of qualiry K-12 schools rhroughout rhe Ciry ro meer
growing demands may be necessary, according [0 some Ciry Sraff.
The provision of qualiry schools will have rhe addirional benefir of
providing a valuable ameniry [0 aruacr new residenrs and businesses
in[O rhe Ciry and can potentially lead [0 an increase in property
values.
· High School and Jr. High School students can benefit from and
capiralize on interacrion and parrnerships with insriturions of higher
learning.
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E-2: The University District
lJJue Statement: CSUSB iJ a great aJJet to the City and aJ Juch, phYJical and Jocia/
/inkageJ between the two Jhou/d be expanded.
California State University at San Bernatdino is located on 430 actes in the
northern portion of the community against the San Bernardino Mountains.
The University educates over 16,000 and is project ro house just under
3,000 students. The University offers 42 baccalaureate degree programs, 15
teaching credentials, and 21 master's degree programs through five colleges:
Arts and Letters, Business and Public Administration, Education, Natural
Sciences and Social and Behavioral Sciences. The University emphasizes the
liberal arts but offers a number of career-oriented programs, both at the
undergraduate and at the graduate levels. The University is growing and has
added 10 new buildings in the last 10 years.
As was mentioned in E-l, it is a goal of the City to collaborate with the
University to fully integrate it with the surrounding community. Creating a
physical conneccion and linkages between the City and the University's
students and faculty, will foster additional partnerships and social relations.
A Design Charette including participants from the University and City has
been conducced to address these issues, the results of which will be included
in the University Districc Area Plan.
· The University is not currently physically integrated with the
surrounding community. The surrounding land uses are not oriented
toward the University, the circulation access is not clearly
delineated, and there is a lack of clear entry and signage into the
area.
· The University is not oriented toward the surrounding land uses. In
some areas, parking lots are placed between the community and the
University.
· There is an opportunity for the City to capitalize on the presence of
the University through the surrounding land uses, circulation
connections, social integration, and marketing.
· There is an opportunity to utilize vacant land to the west of the
University to integrate with the community.
· The University can be a resource to help build the community and
improve the City of San Bernardino's identity.
· Improvements in the housing stock in the City of San Bernardino
can help attracc facility and staff to locate within and become a part
of the community.
· There is an opportunity to link surrounding uses with programs at
the University. For instance, the future engineering program can be
connecced with adjacent industrial/research area.
· An opportunity exists to link the University with its surrounding
areas through themed landscaping, streetscape, signage, art and
street naming.
· The Arrowhead Credit Union proposal is an example of a project,
which can be a catalyst for creating physical linkages with the
University. Vacant land surrounding the CSUSB should physically
!Appendix 7 tssues Report.doc
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or socially link ro the University and complement existing
University related developments in the vicinity.
HOUSING ISSUES
As is the case in nearly all cities within California, developing an adequate
and diverse supply of quality housing is a prime concern in San Bernardino.
Generally, there is support for promoting residential infill development in
the downrown area, rehabilitating the older housing srock, limiting the
development of multi-family housing and providing a housing supply that
allows people to live and work within the community. There is also a desire
to provide housing development with additional amenities in new
developments to appeal to high-income residents.
H-1: Preservation & Rehabilitation
bJUe Statement: Many older homes are deteriorated and are in need of revitalization.
As residential neighborhoods age, special attention must be paid ro the
preservation and rehabilitation of older homes. Without sufficient restoration
efforts, entire neighborhoods can become deteriorated and run-down.
. Some older housing units in the City are in need of rehabilitation.
· Pockets of deteriorating residential neighborhoods and mixed
density areas in need to be revitalized.
· The City has rehabilitated many of the same properties multiple
times. A different strategy may be needed for these properties.
· Deteriorating buildings near the Santa Fe Railroad Yards and Depot
are in need of rehabilitation or beyond feasible repair and demolition
and replacement with compatible "historic/classic" architectural
styles is necessary.
· Preventing the deterioration of multi-family units can be
accomplished by requiring owners to obrain annual permits that
mandate standards for upkeep.
H-2: A Range of Housing Choices
bsue Statement: A range of housing opportunities from affordable to high-income unifJ
should be provided to all()UJ midents of all income levels to live in San Bernardino.
The City currently provides a disproportionate number of units for lower and
middle-income residents. Increasing the range of housing supplied in the
City, from starter homes for first time homebuyers to executive style housing,
has the porential to enhance the City's image, increase property tax revenues,
and increase opportunities for higher income residents, and improve the
attractiveness of San Bernardino to new businesses.
· CSUSB employs approximately 3,600 individuals. Many of these
positions provide incomes above the regional average, creating the
opportunity and demand for a higher end housing stock. The
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General Plan should help ensure the development of high quality,
single family housing with additional amenities to attract the
CSUSB faculty and staff into moving to San Bernardino.
. Many multifamily units in the City suffer from poor design and a
lack of quality construction. Incentives may be provided to improve
older existing units, and standards can be updated for the
construction of new units.
. Upscale single-family residential units are lacking in the City.
Construction of such units could attract corporate executives and
other higher income individuals and families.
. The City is reconsidering its housing strategy. The percentage of
rental units may be in excess and the City is contemplating
strategies to increase the ratio of single-family homes to multi-family
units. While the Housing Element is not a part of this General Plan
Update process, these issues should be considered, particularly in
light of their impacts on the Land Use Element.
. Expanding high quality residential development into the City's
hillsides and periphery wirhin the constraints of environmental,
aesthetic, and infrastructure resources should be considered to
provide additional housing opportunities.
. It has been suggested that assessment districts in the Verdemont
community inhibit the development of housing in the area. Further
research is needed to determine the extent of the situation and
develop appropriate policies to address the issue in the General Plan.
LAND USE
The effective development of land is considered a priority. The development
of land is a major force in linking neighborhoods to the entire City, balancing
the jobs to housing ratio, interconnecting isolated areas within the City, and
promoting economic development by capitalizing on existing assets that can
attract development such as educational institutions, railroads, or industrial
uses. A necessary foundation for this is the appropriate pattern and range of
General Plan Land Use designations. In addition, creating opportunities for
major market-transforming projects such as the Vision 2020 Lakes and
Streams project can be a significant catalyst for future improvements. At the
same time, the Ciry must ensure the separation of incompatible land uses
where buffers are not adequate so as to create/maintain a sense of community
and identity.
LU-I: Unincorporated Islands
IsJue Statement: The City Jhould work with the County to coordinate development of
unincorporated islands to rr:duce land we conflictJ and incompatible UJeJ.
Unincorporated "islands" or pockets of County governed land near the City
of San Bernardino may have widely different development and infrastructure
standards than the City. Many of these areas, such as Arrowhead Suburban
Farms, are within the City's "sphere of influence. " A sphere of influence is
the physical boundary and service area outside of and adjacent to a city's
bordet that has been identified by the Local Agency Formation Commission
(LAFCO) as a future logical extension of the City's jurisdiction. While the
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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County of San Bernardino has land use jurisdiction over areas that are within
its sphere of influence, development in these areas directly affects circulation,
service provisions and community character within the City. A coordinated
planning effort between the City and county in these areas is essential to
reduce conflicts, especially if these areas are to be eventually annexed into the
City's boundaries.
LU-2: Commercial Land Uses
bsue Statement: Isolated commercial centers in the City should be linked to their
surrounding developments and excess commercial land needs to be reexamined for
potential rezoning.
Commercial land helps provide jobs for local residents, enhances and balances
communities economically, and contribures to a tax base which aids in
providing needed public facilities and services. Issues related to San
Bernardino's commercial land are not general in nature, bur refer to specific
areas within the City, which may be enhanced to reach their full potential.
· The National Orange Show provides a regional opportunity for the
City. At the moment, the National Orange Show property is
physically and functionally an isolated island, but can be enhanced
with year-round commercial and recreational uses and should be
better integrated into surrounding development.
· Many of the city's commercial districts are characterized by patterns
of use and intensities of development that are inconsistent with the
intended function andlor do not adequately serve adjacent
residential communities. These problems are particularly evident in
the downtown area and along Mount Vernon Avenue and Base Line
Street and need to addressed in the General Plan.
· Potential exists for redeveloping the corridor flanking "E" Street and
linking downtown San Bernardino with the Tri-City/Commercenter
with new major regional serving uses ro increase retaillcommercial
opportunities and should be further examined as part of the General
Plan update process.
· Limiting the amount of commercially designated land along
suburban strips should be considered in the General Plan to focus
commercial uses and improve their viability.
· Rezoning excess commetcial land in older strips may encourage
reinvestment and improve the quality of the remaining existing
retail.
· A set of enforceable design guidelines could be developed for each
street or community to enhance visual aesthetics.
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LU-3: Jobs-Housing
Issue Statement: IncreaJing the number of jobs should be a priority in the City to create
a more balanced jobs/housing ratio.
Quality urban development dictates a balance between jobs and affordable
housing in close proximity. San Bernardino's jobs/housing ratio is considered
imbalanced due ro the high numbet of housing units provided relative ro
employment opportunities. This is reflecred in the clogged freeway corridors
and arterials linking the City with jobs-rich regions in Orange and Los
Angeles counties.
The availabiliry of large areas of flat, inexpensive land along with the location
of employment growth in eastern Orange and Los Angeles counties has, since
the late 1970s, been a major facror in the residential growth of the Inland
Empire. This scenario has resulted in srressed circulation and environmental
systems. As stated in the Economic Development section of this report, the
primary answer ro improving the jobs/housing ratio is ro provide addirional
employment opportunities. Therefore, as the Ciry implements its economic
strategies, the jobs/housing ratio should improve. Additionally, ensuring a
balance and proximiry between residential and job-producing land uses will
minimize the impacrs of future growth.
LU-4: Land Use Compatibility
Issue Statement: Compatibility of adjacent land uses should be ensured to reduce any
negative impacts, particularly on sensitive receptors.
One of the primary purposes of land use planning is ro minimize the impacts
land uses have on adjacent areas. A number of land uses, including industrial
and commercial, can have potentially adverse affects upon more sensitive uses
such as residential neighborhoods, schools and offices.
. Impacts ro properties adjacent ro the airport should be considered
and the General Plan updated ro address any land use conflicts or
improve compatibility with the airport.
. Land use regularions in the Ciry should be developed to physically
protect sensitive facilities such as schools and hospitals from
incompatible land uses such as areas where hazardous waste
materials are stored, treated and transported in the Ciry.
. Future residential uses and other sensitive receptors should not be
located near loud noise sources.
· Residents are in favor of placing land uses such as rehabilitation
clinics in appropriate locations away from residential areas.
LU-5: Mixed Use
Issue Statement: Mixed-use development should be considered to promote the
development of more intense and lively urban centers, and transit oriented development.
Mixed-use areas allow for flexibiliry in land use design by allowing a mix of
either horizontal or vertical uses on one or more parcels. An example of
vertical mixed use is to place residential housing units above compatible
commercial/retail or office units. Horizontal mixed use, instead of
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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intentionally separating these uses, allows for residential, commercial/retail
and lor office space co be intentionally integrated into a tight, walkable
cluster. Mixed-use areas can serve co provide a civic focus, promote more
intense and lively urban activity, promote the use of transit, and establish a
more efficient use of services and infrastructure than traditional land use
planning currendy allows.
· Potential exists for implementing mixed-use development at
strategic locations throughout the City and especially in the
Downcown area.
· The Santa Fe railroad depot and adjacent properties can be
intensified as a mixed-use center. However, desirable land uses
adjacent co the Depot need co be determined, such as are contained
in the Hiscoric Depot District Concept Improvement Plan.
· Cores of intensified land uses and mixed uses at strategic locations,
such as key intersections, can help provide a focus, landmark, and
act as an area in which co consolidate strip commercial uses.
LU-6: Hillside Development
Issue Statement: H il/side development is contr()lJ(!rsial but the issue needs to be revisited
as part of the General Plan update.
Development of San Bernardino's hillsides can provide a variety of
opportunities for the Ciry, but at the same time raises a variery of concerns,
such as protection of the environment, loss of open space, the character and
image of the new developments and linkages with the entire Ciry. While San
Bernardino currently appliers strict development standards for hillside
construction and protection, these standards may need co be reassessed. This
may prove to be a very controversial issue, however, with many residents
opposing hillside development (especially on Kendall Hill) and many others
supporting their development with up-scale housing.
LU-7: Suburban Lifestyle
Issue Statement: Residents of certain communities within the City enjoy and would
like to retain their current suburban lifestyle.
There is a desire from residents of suburban areas co maintain the established
lifestyle associated with large lots, lower densities and a mix of non-
residential uses. Over the next twenty years, the challenge will focus on
preserving the character of established suburban areas while accommodating
future growth and the preservation of open space.
· In the General Plan, the City must balance growth and development
pressures with the need co preserve positive residential character. For
instance, there are growth pressures in Verdemont to extend
suburban residential development and higher densities co the area,
but increasing the density would change the feel and character of the
area.
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· The City can enhance its suburban lifestyle by focusing future
growth away from rural/suburban areas.
· Areas intended for rural/suburban lifestyles must be identified and
protected in the General Plan.
LU-8: Indian Lands
bsue Statement: Coordination of land uses with Native Americans can be beneficial to
the City and the Indian Tribe s in creating compatible developments.
While the City does not have land use jurisdiction over Indian lands, their
location within the framework of the Citywide land use network requires a
coordinated planning effort.
· Policies in the General Plan encouraging the coordination with the
San Manuel Indians regarding potential development plans are
needed to ensure land use compatibility.
· Partnerships with Indian Tribes to jointly promote and address the
needs of future developments in areas surrounding tribal lands
should be encouraged in the General Plan.
LU-9: Airport
bsue Statement: The San Bernardino International Airport presents an outstanding
resource for economic development, while creating the challenge of ensuring a
compatibility with surrounding land uses.
The importance of air transportation has grown over the years due to the
time savings it provides in the movement of people and freight. It has opened
up many areas that were not economically feasible when served by other
modes of transportation, and allows businesses to locate in the optimum
location in terms of labor supply, natural resources, and product market. In
addition to the increased demand for air transportation by businesses, the
rapid population increase expected for the Inland Empire will also likely
require the expansion of existing aviation facilities and the addition of new
facilities.
Providing air transportation services for the region can potentially accelerate
economic growth in the City and create competitive advantages for its
businesses. However, as stated earlier, the nature of airport operations and
their accompanying noise and safety hazards require careful land use
planning on adjacent lands.
.
The airport represents a great potential for economic development in
San Bernardino. The General Plan should do what is necessaty and
desirable to promote the airport and provide support facilities and
improved access.
Potential may exist for establishing airport related industrial uses in
the areas southwest of the San Bernardino International Airport and
northwest along 1-215 with limited possibilities in the Wests ide.
Expansion of industrial/airport related /office space uses should be
considered in and around the airport.
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· Consistency berween the Airporr Master Plan, Airporr Layour Plan
and the General Plan should be established and mainrained.
LU-IO: Noise
ISJUe Statement: Certain areas in the City may experience substantial noise levels
which need to be further analyzed as part of the General Plan and EIR.
Several residenrial communities near industrial areas of the City are adversely
impacred by noise pollurion. As noise conflicts between urban land uses,
parricularly incompatible uses, are inevirable in the face of conrinually
expanding urban uses, it is becoming increasingly importanr to apply
mirigating solurions co these noise conflicts. Noise auenuation techniques
include those associated with proper land use and rransporration planning,
which may include limiting cerrain kinds of development near noise-
producing land uses, implementing design and building techniques in
existing and future site layours and construction, and setting and enforcing
standards for noise-producing land uses.
· Residential areas surrounding the San Bernardino International
Airporr may be adversely impacted by noise levels exceeding 65 and
even 75 db, according co City Staff. A furrher detailed examination
may be necessary co determine the exact areas negatively impacted
by these high noise levels and if they are currendy classified as
nonconforming uses.
· Residential neighborhoods surrounding the Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fe rail yards are generally subjected co noise levels of 61 dB,
with one-time noise events exceeding 74dB.
· Residential areas within the city are impacted by vehicular and
aircraft noise levels exceeding State guidelines. This impact is
magnified adjacenr co high volume roadways and freeways in the
Ciry and should be addressed in the Noise Element.
· Among the impacrs of noise pollurion are a decline in properry
values, lower academic performance among children and a general
decay in the quality of life. .
PARKS, RECREATION, AND CULTURE
PRC-I: Park and Recreation Facilities
Issue Statement: Creative methods of securingpark space are needed to offset deficits in
neighborhood and community parklands.
Park and recreation facilities are in shorr supply in the City. Based on the 5
acres of park space per 1,000 residents standard, there is approximately a
500-acre deficit within the City. In addition, the situation will increase in
importance as the youth age cohorrs conrinue co grow and place increased
demand on recreational facilities.
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· Based on the park standard of 5 acres per 1,000 residents, thete is a
deficit in park space. These deficiencies exist primarily at the
neighborhood and community park level.
· Quimby funds and general revenues will be insufficient ro acquire,
develop, maintain and operate the additional recreational facilities
needed. The City must, therefore, employ creative techniques such
as land banking to secure additional land for parks.
· Available school site facilities and the San Bernardino National
Forest can offset some of the shortfall in parks space.
· Increases in the child age population will require the City ro begin
planning for the provision of land for youth sports and activities.
· Play equipment in many of the older parks is deteriorating and in
need of the City's attention.
· Additional activities for youth are needed, especially on the
Westside.
PRC-2: Open Space
Issue Statement: Open spaces throughout the City have the potential to be utilized as
recreational areas and for other purposes, however, residents need to be made aware of
their existence.
Appreciation of open space, undeveloped lands, and natural areas has
increased in an era of growing urbanization and environmental degradation.
Formerly considered in abundance, open space is a resource that is now
recognized as significant and diminishing. Open space preservation can serve
many purposes, including the preservation and enhancement of
environmental resources and the proper management of environmental
hazards. Open space areas provide a diversity of benefits ro City residents.
· There are significant opportunities ro use non-developable open
spaces for recreational uses (e.g. Cajon-Lytle creek washes, Santa
Ana River and various flood control areas). In addition, one of
Southern California's extraordinary watershed features in the Santa
Ana River: the City should consider coordinating with current
federal, state, regional and local efforts ro better manage the
watershed.
. Open space areas are currently not well used. Providing greater
access and educating the public as ro the location of these areas may
lead ro additional usage. Facility improvements and recreation
programs coordinated with educational institutions may also
stimulate use and conservation of these resources.
PRC-3: Cultural Resources
Issue Statement: Opportunities exist in the City to provide additional cultural centers
and enhance existing resources.
The City of San Bernardino attempts ro provide a diverse range of recreation
and community events for residents. Many of the cuIrural activities, such as
the Route 66 Rendezvous, are based upon the City's long and distinguished
hisroty .
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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· While the City enjoys the California Theatre and the several touring
companies it hosts, and will soon benefit from Arts on 5'h (please see
EC- 5 Downtown), residents believe additional prestigious cultural
resources such as theatres and art centers, which could be supported
in the City, are lacking. The issue may stem from a lack of
promotion of existing cultural facilities or their concentration in the
downtown area.
· Increasing the availability of cultural activities can improve the
City's image, increase property values and create a greater sense of
community by means of theme areas and activity nodes.
· The General Plan should focus on policies that promote linkages and
promoting existing cultural resources, such as the San Bernardino
Stadium and National Orange Show.
PRC-4: Libraries
IJJue Statement: Library JerviceJ Jhould expand in conjunction with increaJeJ in
population.
Libraries are important community facilities that provide a focal point of
education and community awareness. They are becoming overburdened due
to a growing population, growth in leisure time, higher educational goals
and attainment, and the increasing use of computer technology in accessing
information.
· Projected increases in libraty usage generated by new development
may overload the libraty system.
· Additional land for libraty facilities and funding sources should be
secured in the future.
· Diversification of libraty access modes needs to be expanded.
PUBLIC FACILITIES & SERVICES ISSUES
PFS-l: Capital Improvements & Public Facilities
IJJue Statement: InfraJtructure improvementJ mUJt keep pace with growth, eJpecia!!y in
the Tippecanoe area.
With population growth and urban actiVIty continuing to increase in the
City, developments will require further investments in the provision of
capital improvements such as new and improved roads, utilities, law
enforcement and fire services, parks, libraries, community centers, schools
and other public uses and services necessaty to support urban life.
· Water transmission facilities feeding the south part of the City are
undersized and in need of upgrading, predominantly in the
Tippecanoe and International Airport areas.
· Infrastructure improvements along Tippecanoe need to be addressed
in the Tippecanoe Infrastructure study.
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
· Wastewater facilities need to be enhanced and possibly expanded
concurrent with development.
· Financial resources for infrastructure management and capital costs
must be ensured prior to further development in the City.
PFS-2: Code Enforcement
Issue Statement: Residents favor stricter code enforcement as a method of remlWing
blight in the City.
Code Enforcement ensures compliance with city regulations and
requirements addressing the health, safety and welfare of the community.
Neglecting or overburdening code enforcement operations can lessen the
effectiveness of City policies and programs,. can affect the quality of life
within the community, and can negatively impact the City's image.
· According to residents, lack of code enforcement has allowed illegal
signage and property maintenance conditions to persist.
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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PFS-3: Water Supply
IJJue Statement: Unlike mOJt Citiu in Southern California, San Bernardino haJ an
overabundance of water, which however, needJ to be contained and utilized aJ a
reJource to enhance the quality of life within the City.
Urban activity is highly dependent upon the availability of adequate water
supplies. Water supplies are generally divided into three categories: surface
waters and the impoundment of surface waters within the local drainage
basin; local groundwater supplies; and waters imported to a locality through
inter-basin transfers. Within a given area, distribution systems are generally
devised to eliminate the need for individual wells or riparian diversion
facilities.
While many cItIes in Southern California are in short supply of water
resources, such is not the case in San Bernardino. Due to large levels of
underground water, the City has an adequate water supply. However, the
City is in need of additional water storage facilities and must address the
contamination of its ground water.
. The water supply is sufficient but according to City Staff, San
Bernardino may require additional storage facilities, especially in the
Verdemont area as growth continues.
· Opportunities to financially capitalize on water resources and
enhance the City's image through developing water themes in new
developments should be explored.
. The Lakes and Streams and related projects designed to manage the
City's high water tables will need to be incorporated into the
appropriate General Plan Elements.
SAFETY ISSUES
S-1: Police Services
lJJue Statement: The City haJ been JucceJJful in reducing the crime rate within the
City; however, public Jafety remaim an iJJue in unincorporated areaJ that may
eventually be annexed into San Bernardino'J juriJdiction.
The City has experienced a relatively high crime rate in the past, which
resulted in severely negative economic, image and social impacts. However,
between 1993 and 1999 the crime rate dropped by 50.5%. This was
accomplished through community policing, creating safescapes and proactive
efforts. In addition, a major effort of the Police Department has been to
identify the 10% of the population thar commit~ 60% of all crimes.
With the annexation of County unincorporated areas, the City's crime rate is
expected to increase. Areas within the City's Sphere of Influence have a
higher crime rate and do not employ the same proactive techniques as the
City. The end result will be thar areas within the current Ciry's boundaries
will be no less safe, however, overall crime rates may increase with the
addition of the annexed areas.
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Appendix 7. Issues Report
· Annexation of certain properties has the potential to increase the
City's crime rate. Calls for service will increase and free patrol time
will shrink
· San Bernardino relies on community policing, which is nO[ done in
unincorporated areas, an issue which will have to be addressed if
these areas are to be annexed.
· As population continues to grow, of concern are the means to
expand police facilities and services, reduce the rates of crime and
enhance the reality and perception of safety in all areas of the City.
. Implementing Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
(CPTED) and defensible space techniques for new developments in
the City can lead ro lower crime rates.
S-2: Fire Services
Issue Statement: Fire Services must keep pace with development, especially in the
hillsides.
Fire services within the City are adequate and are highly rated by residents.
The City must, however, work closely with the Fire Department when
considering new developments in the hillsides, especially those areas
identified as posing either an extreme or moderate fire hazard. Adequate
personnel and response times must be ensured prior to any developments in
these areas.
S-3: Fire Hazards
Issue Statement: The threat of wildland fires is a concern in the hillsides, with the
situation aggravated by high winds in the area.
Fires in undeveloped areas result from the ignition of accumulated brush and
woody materials, and are appropriately termed "wildland fires". Such fires
can burn large areas and cause a great deal of damage to both structures and
valuable open space land. Urban fires usually result from sources within the
structures themselves. Fire hazards of this type are related to specific sites and
structures, and availability of fire fighting services is essential to minimize
losses.
· Northern portions of the City are impacted by a high wildfire and
wind hazard. Development and design standards should be updated
to ensure the protection of residents from these hazards.
S-4: Seismic
Issue Statement: San Bernardino is crisscrossed by major earthquake fault lines,
which must be considered in land use designations and design standards.
Several active and potentially active fault zones traverse the City of San
Bernardino. These include the San Andreas Fault system the Glen Helen
Fault, the Lorna Linda Fault and the San Jacinto Fault system. Certain of
these faults have also been designated as Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault
Zones, prohibiting the construction of most types of habitable structures
within 50 feet of the fault.
!Appendix 7 Issues Report.doc
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With the occurrence of an earthquake along the San Andreas, San Jacinto or
Cucamonga faults, much of the City is susceptible to liquefaction,
particularly due to the City's high water tables. Liquefaction occurs when
saturated sand or coarse silt is vibrated or comes under extreme pressure,
changing the properties of the soil to heavy liquid. When this OCCUtS, the
strength of the soil decreases and, the ability of a soil deposit to support
foundations for buildings and bridges is reduced. Liquefied soil also exerts
higher pressure on retaining walls, which can cause them to tilt or slide. This
movement can cause settlement of the retained soil and destruction of
structures on the ground. As areas in the City susceptible to liquefaction are
considered for development, the City must factor in the potential threat to
the health, safety and welfare of future residents. This issue will also need to
be addressed in the General Plan update Environmental Impact Report.
· Local, state and federal disaster preparedness resources and
mobilization need to be coordinated to assure adequate preparedness
in the event of a major seismic event.
· Continued efforts to identify seismic hazards in the land use plan
and assurance that all structures comply with the building codes will
help to ensure the public safety.
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Appendix 8. Zoning Consistency Matrix
App~ndix 8
Zoning Consistency Matrix
City of San Bernardino
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The following table describes the existing zoning categories and their relative General Plan land
use designations in the General Plan. The italicized text indicates those designations where
changes have occurred.
Commercial General-3 (CG-3) University. Student serving uses
Public/Commercial Recreation (PCR)
2
Relative General Plan land Use Designation
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Relative General Plan land Use Designation
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Appendix 9. Circulation Plan Changes
Appendix 9
Circulation Plan Changes
City of San Bernardino
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CIRCULATION PLAN CHANGES FROM THE 1989
CIRCULATION PLAN
1) Mt. View Avenue: (joint jurisdiction with Redlands): 1-10 Freeway to San Bernardino
Avenue; Upgrade from Secondary to Major Arterial. This classification upgrade is
consistent with the City of Red lands' General Plan Circulation Element and current
intentions to construct the northbound lane portion of a proposed six-lane major arterial.
This proposed roadway will accommodate projected growth and provide convenient
freeway access in the Redlands designated East Valley Corridor Specific Plan area. City
Development Services staff have held recent meetings with the City of Redlands
consultants to discuss/determine the ultimate roadway street width and right-of-way for
this roadway widening project. (per attached cross-section)
2)
Mt. View Avenue: (joint jurisdiction with Redlands): Add a new Secondary Arterial;
between San Bernardino Avenue and Central Avenue. This roadway request is a
continuation from Item #1. The City of San Bernardino at the request ofSANBAG, hopes
to develop a secondary roadway to alleviate traffic demand on Tippecanoe A venue en
route to the 1-10 freeway from the proposed IVDAI Hillwood development of the former
Norton AFB complex. The cooperative project with the City of Red lands will include a
proposed four-lane arterial with a bridge over the Santa Ana River. Funding for this
project is pending
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3) Central Avenue: Add Secondary Arterial between Mt. View Avenue and Tippecanoe
Avenue. Also, add Secondary Arterial between Mt. View Avenue and Arrowhead
Avenue. The intent of this request is to make the Central Avenue roadway segment
between Arrowhead Avenue and the proposed Mt. View Avenue extension uniform and
consistent with the General Plan update. This roadway is proposed to be the primary
access to the IVDAI Southgate Development and is an important east/west link between
Tippecanoe A venue and W aterman Avenue.
4) Richardson Street: Add Collector Arterial between Riverview Drive and the 1-10
freeway. This roadway was previously designated as a local street, but should be
upgraded to a local collector since it connects the Riverview Industrial Park to Redlands
Boulevard with a bridge over the 1-10 freeway. Richardson Elementary School is located
on this street so this roadway is used as the primary route to/from school by students,
parents, and school buses.
5) HarrimaniRosewood Alignment: Delete the easterly half of Harriman (Rosewood Drive)
Orchid to Tippecanoe. Since Harriman Drive is presently being realigned to Laurelwood
Drive, the existing roadway segment connection to Tippecanoe Avenue needs to be
vacated/deleted to accommodate the proposed Hub development.
6)
New HarrimanlLaurelwood Dr. Alignment: Plot the new Laurelwood alignment from
Harriman to Tippecanoe A venue, designate as a Secondary Arterial. As indicated in Item
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Appendix 9. Circulation Plan Changes
#5, Harriman is being realigned to Laurelwood Drive to accommodate the Hub
commercial development that is to be located south of the Harriman realignment between
the 1-10 freeway and Tippecanoe Avenue. The secondary arterial designation is
compatible with the previous road way classification for the Tri-City Center Specific
Plan.
7) Carnegie Drive: Upgrade easterly segment between Brier and Hospitality to Major
Arterial designation. The requested classification upgrade will make the Carnegie Drive
uniform and consistent with the Tri-City Center Specific Plan for the full built-out
scenano.
8) Victoria Avenue: Add Secondary Arterial between Tippecanoe Avenue and Mt. View
Avenue. This roadway was previously designated as a local street but has since gained
importance due to the northerly realignment ofLugonia Street by the City of Red lands to
intersect Victoria Avenue at Mt. View Avenue. Victoria Avenue has
industrial/commercial development between Tippecanoe and Richardson and residential
development between Richardson and Mt. View Avenue.
9)
Coulston Street: Add Secondary Arterial between Tippecanoe Avenue and Mt. View
Avenue. This proposed roadway will provide a convenient east/west access to patrons
who frequent businesses on Hospitality Lane (Costco, Staples, etc) from the Redlands
area via Mt. View Avenue. The proposed roadway classification is compatible with the
major Arterial classification that is assigned to Hospitality Lane. Hospitality Lane
becomes Coulston Street after it crosses Tippecanoe Avenue in an easterly direction.
10) Lena Road Extension: Delete roadway segment between Orange Show Road and
Carnegie Drive. The Lena Road extension as presently proposed will terminate at Orange
Show Road and will not cross the Santa Ana River. The City is proposing to extend Mt.
View Avenue across the Santa Ana River to the east and is proposing to designate Mt.
Vie,w Avenue as the secondary access to the IVDNHillwood Development of the airport.
11) Tippecanoe Avenue: Add Major Arterial between Central Avenue and 3rd Street.
Tippecanoe Avenue was mistakenly designated as a local street between Rialto Avenue
and, Central A venue in the General Plan. This roadway request will make Tippecanoe
Avenue more uniform between 3rd Street and the 1-10 freeway and more compatible
with the development proposed for the former air force base
12) Mill Street: Confirm the upgrade of Mill Street between Lena Road and Tippecanoe
Avenue as a Major Arterial. This request is similar to Item #12. This referenced segment
of Mill Street was mistakenly depicted as a local street when in fact to be uniformly
consistent with the General Plan classification, it needs to be shown as a Major Arterial.
13)
Vanderbilt Way: Upgrade Vanderbilt Way between Waterman and Carnegie to a
secondary arterial. This roadway was designated as a local street in the 1989 Circulation
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 9 Circulation Plan Changes. doc
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Element. To be consistent with the Tri-City Center Specific Plan, this roadway should be
upgraded to a secondary arterial that connects Waterman Avenue to Carnegie Drive.
14) Riverview Drive: Add Collector Arterial between San Bernardino Avenue and Mt. View
Avenue. This roadway was initially shown as a local street in the 1989 Circulation
Element. However, since this roadway provides indirect secondary access to the 1-10
freeway and direct access to Redlands Blvd. from the Riverview Industrial Park, staff
would like the roadway to be upgraded to a secondary arterial.
15) Fairway Drive: Extend roadway easterly from Camino Real to intersect S. "E" Street, and
designate as a Secondary Arterial. Similar to several previous items, this roadway was
listed as a local street in the 1989 Circulation Element. However, since this roadway is a
major southerly east/west link between our City and Colton, staff is requesting that the
referenced street segment be upgraded to a Secondary Collector.
16) Commercenter Drive East, Commercenter Drive West, and Business Center Drive:
Upgrade roadway segments off Hospitality Lane and designate all as Collector Arterials.
Similar to several previous items, these roadways are listed as local streets in the 1989
Circulation Element.
17)
Caroline Street, Club Way, Club Center Drive, Commercial Road, and Wier Road: Add
roadway segments between Hunts Lane and W aterman Avenue and designate as
Collector Arterials. Similar to several previous items, these roadways should be upgraded
to Collector Arterials since the area has not fully reached its ultimate growth potential
and the referenced roadways do function as collectors to adjacent local residential streets.
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18) Harry Sheppard Blvd.: Add roadway segment between Tippecanoe Avenue and Del Rosa
Avenue, and designate as a Secondary Arterial. This roadway is shown as a local street in
the 1989 Circulation Element. To be consistent with the goals and infrastructure plan for
the IVDAJ Hillwood Northgate Development of the former air force base property, this
roadway should be upgraded to a Secondary Arterial.
19) Del Rosa Avenue: Show roadway to Harry Sheppard Blvd. and designate as a Major
Arterial. Similar to Item # 18, this roadway was shown as a local street in the 1989
Circulation Element. Using the same rationale as Item #18 and to be uniformly consistent
with the existing roadway classification of Del Rosa Avenue, staff is recommending that
this roadway segment be upgraded to a Major Arterial.
20)
Sierra Way: Downgrade roadway classification between 5th Street and Mill Street from
Major to Secondary Arterial. Staff is requesting this downgrade for purposes of roadway
classification consistency along the entire length of Sierra Way. Waterman Avenue,
which is less than 'l4 mile easterly of Sierra Way functions as a Major north/south Arterial
through the center of our City.
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21) "D" Street: Downgrade roadway classification between Rialto Avenue and Mill Street
from Secondary to Collector Arterial. Staff is requesting this downgrade due to the
significant decrease in traffic along "D" Street south ofRialto Avenue. There is also no
direct access along "D" Street between Rialto A venue and Mill Street since "D" Street is
a "T" intersection at Valley Street and Oak Street with a missing segment in between.
22) "]" Street: Delete Secondary Arterial segment between 2nd and 3rd Streets. The
reconfiguration of the ]-215 freeway off ramps at 2nd Street will necessitate the need for
a cul-de-sac of"]" Street at 3rd Street, therefore the need to delete the referenced street
segment.
23) 3rd Street: Delete Secondary Arterial segment between Viaduct/"K" Street and Mt.
Vernon Avenue. This segment of3rd Street will become the access roadway for the
parking lot area of the Santa Fe Depot/ Metrolink multi-modal complex.
24) 2nd Street: Delete the Major Arterial connection between Mt. Vernon Avenue and Rialto
Avenue. 2nd Street west ofMt. Vernon Avenue is of no major significance and should be
downgraded to a local street since it serves a few adjacent residences nearby and provides
secondary access to Rialto Avenue.
25)
4th Street: Designate 4th Street as a collector arterial between Arrowhead Ave and "G"
St. Staff has agreed to designate this segment of 4th Street as a collector arterial because
of the limited linkage between the Santa Fe Depot, various governmental agencies, and
the CBD.
26) Medical Center Drive: Delete this Secondary Arterial segment between Rialto Avenue
and 5th Street. This roadway segment has never existed as other than a "paper street".
The BNSF multi-modal facility complex will prevent this roadway from ever being
constructed. Medical Center Drive was initially named Muscott Street and is known by
that name, south of Rialto Avenue.
26a) Eastbound 4thSt. will be diverted to 5th St. due to new Mt. Vernon bridge
alignment. Staff reached a consensus on this item at the last General Plan
meeting. The northerly alignment is still pending.
27) Crestview Avenue: Delete this Collector segment between 21st St. and Highland Avenue.
Crestview Avenue forms a "T" intersection at 21st Street. The expansion of the Saint
Bernardine's Hospital complex would prevent any possible extension of Crestview
Avenue to Highland Avenue.
28)
Piedmont Drive: Delete this segment between Victoria Avenue and Arden Avenue.
Piedmont Drive existed as a "paper street" for the past several decades. The development
ofthe San Manuel casino complex will prevent the roadway from ever being constructed
and street vacation proceedings are pending. Piedmont Drive is presently a cul-de-sac on
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 9 Circulation Plan Changes. doc
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the east side of Victoria Avenue. Piedmont drive between Highland Avenue and the cul-
de-sac easterly of Victoria A venue shall be designated as a collector arterial.
29) Meridian Avenue: Show Collector roadway segment break between Mill St. and Rialto
Ave. Meridian Avenue is not a through street between Mill Street and Rialto A venue.
There are Metrolink railroad tracks that currently are a barrier to this roadway segment.
The roadway will probably never be extended northerly due to the close proximity of
Pepper Avenue which is a major north/south arterial.
30) 16th Street: Downgrade all roadway segments between Waterman and State Street from
Secondary to Collector Arterial. 16th Street is basically an excellent east/west collector
arterial being strategically located halfway between the major arterials of Base Line and
Highland Avenue. 16th Street also runs predominantly through residential
neighborhoods.
31)
Sepulveda A venue: Downgrade roadway segment from 40th Street north to Collector
Arterial. Sepulveda Avenue will function as an excellent residential neighborhood
collector roadway that provides convenient north/south access to commercial
development along 40th Street. Sierra Way, which is one block westerly of Sepulveda, is
designated as a secondary arterial due to it 4-lane configuration and its access to highway
18 and the southerly limits of the City where it essentially terminates at Mill Street,
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32) "H" Street Downgrade roadway segment between Kendall Dr. and Northpark Blvd. To a
collector. "H" Street makes an excellent collector roadway that provides local
neighborhood access to 40th Street / Kendall Drive commercial development. Nearby
Mountain Street and Little Mountain Drive are both designated as north/south secondary
arterial roadways. A major portion of this roadway is in unincorporated (County) areas.
32a) show a break (cul-de-sac) between N. Arrowhead Avenue at N. "E" Street. When
"E" Street was widened to a four-lane roadway ten years ago, Arrowhead Avenue
became a cul-de-sac for safety and access reasons. Hence there is no longer access
to "E" Street off Arrowhead A venue.
33) Marshall Blvd.: Show roadway break between Arden Avenue and Victoria Avenue.
Marshall Blvd has been vacated between Rockford Drive and Victoria Avenue to
accommodate the San Manuel casino expansion program. Marshall Blvd. is scheduled to
become a cul-de-sac at Rockford Drive.
34) 48th Street: Extend roadway segment to Kendall Drive with same classification
(Secondary). 48th Street is a major east/west arterial roadway between 40th Street and
Northpark Blvd. that connects Electric Avenue to Kendall Drive. The roadway runs
partially through an unincorporated County neighborhood.
35)
30/210: Show freeway expansion to the west. The Rte 30/210 Freeway project appears to
be under construction so it should be shown on the circulation element along its westerly
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Appendix 9. Circulation Plan Changes
right-of-way path. Completion ofthis major east/west freeway will probably alter nearby
adjacent local street traffic patterns in the future
36) Campus Way: Show perimeter roadway segment on north side ofCSUSB campus,
designate as a Secondary Arterial. A consensus was reached that this roadway segment
should function as a collector roadway due to limited peripheral traffic demand. Future
residential development (Paradise Hills) will not contribute significant volumes of traffic
to warrant any additional upgrade to this proposed classification.
37) Irvington Avenue: Add Collector Arterial segment between Pine Avenue and Magnolia
Ave (extended). Residential development in the Verdemont community and the proposed
construction of the Cesar Chavez Middle School on Belmont Avenue has created a need
for this upgrade from a local street to collector roadway.
38) Magnolia Avenue: Add Collector Arterial segment between Ohio and Irvington Avenue.
The proposed construction ofthe Cesar Chavez Middle School at the intersection of
Belmont Avenue at Magnolia Street necessitates the upgrade of Magnolia Street to
collector arterial status.
39)
Little League Drive (7): delete this misidentified roadway segment as shown. This item is
pending and is shown as Item #60.
40)
Harrison Street: Add Collector Arterial segment between Lynwood Drive and 40th Street.
Needs to be upgraded to a collector roadway since it carries unimpeded local residential
traffic between Lynwood Drive and 40th Street.
41) 21 st Street: Extend roadway segment between Waterman A venue and "H St., and
designate as a Collector Arterial. After reconsideration, should remain a local street
segment due to narrow street width and residential status, one block south of Highland
Avenue, which is a major arterial.
42) Marshall Blvd.: Extend this roadway segment to Little Mountain Drive, and designate as
a Collector Arterial. This roadway carries local neighborhood traffic north of 30th Street/
Rte 30 between Little Mountain Drive and "E" Street.
43) 30th Street: Upgrade roadway segment designation between Little Mountain Drive and
Valencia Avenue to a Secondary Arterial. The entire length of 30th Street/Lynwood
Drive should be designated as a secondary arterial since it is the major east/west roadway
north of the Rte. 30/210 freeway.
43a) Downgrade Arrowhead Ave. to a collector between 30th Street and north
terminus cul-de-sac. Since there is no longer direct access to "E" Street from
Arrowhead A venue, this roadway north of 30th Street essentially serves local
surrounding residences.
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44) Valencia Drive: Designated to remain as a Secondary Arterial. No change required
45) 28th Street: The roadway segment between Valencia Avenue and Golden Avenue should
be broken. An existing flood control channel prevents this roadway connection from
becoming economically feasible.
46) Orange Street: Designate as a Collector Arterial segment between Piedmont Drive and
Base Line. A portion ofthis roadway is in the City of Highland. The local street patterns
are fragmented between Orange Street and Palm A venue and Patton State Hospital is an
obstacle to the west so most north/south residential traffic in that area travels along
Orange Street.
47) Pumalo Street: Show roadway segment ending at Arden Avenue with no connection to
Victoria Avenue. There is an existing substantial flood control area adjacent to the west
side of Victoria Avenue between Lynwood Drive and Highland Avenue that would make
this roadway extension economically unfeasible.
48) Date Street: Show roadway segment ending at Arden Avenue with no connection to
Victoria Avenue. Same rationale as Item # 47.
49)
H Street: Add Collector Arterial between Inland Center Drive to terminate as a cul-de-sac
S/O Mill St. The 1-215 expansion project and off-ramp reconfiguration will alter local
street traffic patterns in the area adjacent to the proposed Mill Street/I-215 ramps. Traffic
on "H" Street will be diverted along Huff Street and Crescent Street.
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50) Huff Street & Crescent A venue: Add roadways as Local Collectors between "H" Street
and Mill Street. See item # 49.
51) 10th Street: Downgrade roadway between 1-215 freeway and Waterman Avenue to a
local street. 9th Street is designated as a secondary east/west arterial and should relieve
10th Street of anything but local traffic.
52) Miramonte Drive: Add Collector Arterial between 27th Street and Marshall Blvd.
Reconsideration: Miramonte should remain a local street due to its close proximity to
Little Mountain Drive, which is designated a secondary arterial.
53) 6th Street: Downgrade roadway between Waterman Avenue and Victoria Avenue to a
Collector Arterial. This item should be deleted based on further review, which suggests
that most of this roadway segment runs through unincorporated County and City of
Highland jurisdictions. Our City has only minor centerline segments of this roadway.
54)
Arden A venue: Leave roadway segment between Base Line and 3rd Street. This segment
lies entirely within the City of Highland so this item is not pertinent to the General plan
update.
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Appendix 9. Circulation Plan Changes
55) Darby Street: Downgrade segment between Pepper Avenue and Cajon Blvd. to a
Collector Arterial. This area is strictly residential (a major portion lies within
unincorporated County jurisdiction) with insignificant traffic volumes, but with future
development potential.
56) Meyers Road: Add roadway (loop) Between Little League Drive and freeway frontage
road and designate as a Collector Arterial. The exact location of this roadway(s) is
pending.
56a) Add Pennsylvania Avenue between Pine Avenue and Little League Drive and
designate as a collector arterial. The westerly extension of Pennsylvania Avenue
shall be designated (Cable Canyon Road?) and shall meander through the foothills
to eventually intersect the north terminus of Paso Robles Rd.
57) Central Avenue: Extend roadway segment southerly to 3rd Street and reclassify as a
Collector Arterial (3rd Street to Highland Avenue. (City portion is Highland Ave. to
Pacific Street only) The City of Highland has also classified Central A venue in their
General Plan Circulation Element.
58)
Golden Avenue: Downgrade roadway segment between Lynwood Drive and 40th Street
from a secondary arterial to a Collector Arterial due to proximity to Harrison Street and
Mountain Avenue which are also designated as collector arterials. Golden Avenue
becomes a two-lane roadway, meanders through local residential neighborhoods between
Marshall Blvd. and 40th Street, and is not suited as a secondary arterial.
59) Evans Street (future): Delete: Not practical due to Hub development.
60) Show new (collector arterial) frontage road from Little League Drive to Devore Road
(pending)
61) 6th Street: Delete roadway segment west of"H" Street Future 1-215 freeway ramp
modifications will eliminate this roadway segment.
62) Sterling Avenue Extension: Designate (and plot) roadway extension (loop) as a collector
arterial to connect all proposed residential cul-se-sacs that might comprise a residential
development once known as Sterling Heights.
63) North Lake Project: Delete portions of "G" Street between 9th Street and Base Line; and
1 Oth Street between "H" Street and "E" Street
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Appendix 10. Economic Report
Appendix 10
Economic Report
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXISTING CONDITIONS AND TRENDS CITY OF
SAN BERNARDINO GENERAL PLAN UPDATE
Presented to:
The City of San Bernardino
300 North "D" St.
San Bernardino, CA 92418-0001
Development Services Department
(909) 384-5155
Presented by:
Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
1166 I San Vicente Blvd. Suite 306
Los Angeles, CA 90049-511 I
310.820.2680, 3IO.820.8341-fax
www.stanleyrhoffman.com
Revised June 2003
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Appendix 10. Economic Report
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this report is to provide an understanding of San Bernardino's existing
demographic and economic conditions and trends. This provides the base for evaluating
significant economic issues and planning implications for the City's General Plan vision. This
report includes data and trends related to population, housing, employment, taxable sales and
market conditions, and will provide the framework for preparing the Economic Development
Element of the General Plan. The Economic Development Element defines broad goals and
policies and sets priorities for future economic actions.
Kev Economic Issues
The City of San Bernardino is located in a prime geographic location, allowing it to serve as a
trucking and railroad hub. In addition, the City has large amounts of under-developed and
undeveloped land. Despite these advantages as well as other positive economic factors in the
region, the City is recovering more slowly from the recession of the early nineties than the
region. The following are key economic issues for the City.
Recovery from Closure of Norton Air Force Base. The City has faced difficulties in recovering
from the recession of the early nineties due to the closure ofthe Norton Air Force Base and
defense-service related establishments. As a major economic engine, the closing of the Norton
Air Force base has had a major economic impact on the City. The loss of approximately 10,000
jobs trickled through the local economy, resulting in a sharp drop in retail sales and increased
retail vacancies. The City has since been unable to attract significant concentrations of higher
wage jobs and corresponding residential development.
Declining Retail Position in Region. Although San Bernardino continues to attract retail dollars,
its position as a regional retail center has been declining. This is primarily due to the
development of value-oriented retailers on the periphery of the region, and the emergence of
newer and higher quality shopping facilities in the region. The City's two regional centers, the
Carousel Mall and the Inland Center are both outdated and in need of revitalization. The City's
total taxable sales declined from 1990 to 1999 in constant dollars, while the County's taxable
sales grew during this same time period. In addition, many of the City's multi-tenant centers
have high vacancy rates.
Loss of Regional Employment Market Share. The City has had difficulty maintaining a strong
share of the regional employment market due to strong competition from nearby Ontario, with its
transportation connections and readily available floor space, and from Riverside with its
competitive labor force. Capturing a share of growing markets and identification and marketing
of existing and emerging clusters is critical to attracting potential businesses as well as retaining
and expanding certain key employment sectors that have traditionally located in the region and
City.
City of San Bernardino
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Limited Range of Housing Types for Higher Wage Workers. The higher cost of housing in Los
Angeles and Orange Counties is making the Inland Empire an attractive location for new
residential development. However, in the City of San Bernardino the residential development
has not generally been at the level commensurate with a higher wage labor force except in a few
selected areas. The ability to capture a labor force with higher skill and higher wage jobs will
depend on the City's image as an attractive community in which to live.
Kev Economic Opportunities
Economic development is a dynamic process that increases the wealth ofthe community and
allows it to provide a high quality of life for its residents, businesses and organizations. The
intent is to promote and maintain a sound economic base by encouraging land uses that will
attract and retain specific economic segments of the market and concurrently enhance the
economic position of the community. The primary purpose ofthe economic development
process should be to identify target economic opportunities that are both realistic and compatible
with the City's long-term vision and goals. These opportunities will form the foundation for
policy consideration and priority setting when developing the Economic Development Element
of the General Plan. Listed below are key economic opportunities for the City:
. Building Upon Location and Transportation Advantages
. Expanding San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center 0
. Partnering and Collaborating with Local Institutions
. Labor Force Training to Promote Economic Development
. Collaboration with CSUSB and SB Valley College to Promote Economic Development
. Capturing a Share of Growing Markets
. Expansion of Industrial Base
. Expansion of Office Development
. Expansion and Revitalization of Retail Development
. Downtown Revitalization (including Lakes and Streams project)
. Redeveloping the Orange Show as a major recreational and cultural attraction
. Business and Visitor-Serving Hotel Development
. Providing Housing Supply Commensurate with Increasing Labor Force
. Enhancing City as Gateway to Mountains and Desert
The Economic Development Element
The Economic Development Element defines broad goals and policies that help guide 0
development to achieve the City's economic goals. It also sets an economic vision for the City.
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Appendix 10. Economic Report
The Economic Development Element is closely linked to other elements ofthe General Plan,
such as Land Use, Circulation and Housing. Economic development is impacted by almost
everything the City does toward maintaining and influencing a high quality of life. This includes
improving parks and recreation, enhancing public safety and improving physical infrastructure.
The Element is intimately connected to activities of other agencies, organizations and
institutions. Quality of life is also a key consideration in maintaining a strong economic base.
The Economic Development Element builds upon ongoing programs and provides a framework
within the context of the General Plan to insure that the City of San Bernardino is able to take
advantage of future economic opportunities. Recognizing that economic development is not a
static process, the goals and policies will allow for flexibility in order to respond to changing
economic trends and local market conditions. Additionally, the Economic Development Element
will suggest implementation actions and economic performance measures that can be monitored
and evaluated on a regular basis to gage effectiveness of the City's economic development
strategy and programs.
Information Resources
In preparing this economic conditions and trends analysis, information has been obtained from
the following sources:
. Economic Analysis for an Update of the Land Use Element of the General Plan, City of
San Bernardino, Economic Research Associates, September 2001;
Economic. Demographic & Life Style Information, Economics & Politics, Inc.,
September, 2000;
. San Bernardino Economic and Community Profile, John Husing, Ph.D., 2000;
. More than Education: the Annual Impact of California State University. San Bernardino
on the Inland Southern California Economy. CSUSB Department of Economics, Thomas
1. Pierce, January 2001;
Demographic data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Censuses;
. Population, housing and employment projections for San Bernardino County 1997 to
2025, from Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG);
. Meetings and community workshops with City staff, key officials and business
representatives;
. Discussions with California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) staff from the
Office of Academic Affairs and the Office ofInstitutional Research; and
. A field survey of the City's existing and proposed development areas.
City of San Bernardino
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Overview of Report
The following sections of the report address the existing demographics and market conditions in
the City of San Bernardino, as well as growth from 1990 to 2000. Chapter 2 discusses the
existing socio-economic characteristics ofthe City, including population and households,
household income, housing characteristics and housing value. Chapter 3 addresses the
employment base of the region and the City, including employment and wage trends as well as
emerging employment opportunities. Chapter 4 provides an assessment of the marketplace
including taxable retail and non-retail sales, and the industrial and office real estate market.
Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of economic opportunities for the City, and describes a
variety of programs and incentives currently in use to facilitate economic development.
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CHAPTER 2: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Population and Households
While the population of the City has experienced steady growth over the last decade, it has not
kept pace with the County's growth. As shown in Table 2-1, from 1990-2000, San Bernardino's
population increased from 164,164 to 185,401 or a population gain of about 21,000. This is an
increase of 12.9 percent from 1990 to 2000, significantly less than the increase for San
Bernardino County (20.5 percent) during the same time period. In terms of average annual
population growth, the City grew at a slower rate (1.2 percent) from 1990 to 2000 compared to
the County (1.9 percent). The City comprised 10.8 percent of the County's population in 2000, a
slight decrease compared to 11.6 percent in 1990.
As shown in Table 2-1, from 1990 to 2000 households (i.e., occupied housing units) in the City
increased by 3.4 percent while the County's households increased by 13.7 percent. The number
of households grew at a slower rate annually than in the County. Households increased at an
average annual rate of only 0.3 percent in the City compared to 1.3 percent for the County. The
average household size for occupied housing units in 2000 for the City of San Bernardino was
about 3.01 persons per household, a little less than the County's 3.05 persons per household.
Table 2-1
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Population and Household Growth: 1990 - 2000
1990 - 2000
Avg Annual
Growth
Avg.
HH
Size
Numerical %
Change Increase
Jurisdiction
Population
City of San Bernardino
San Bernardino County
City as % of County
Households
City of San Bernardino
San Bernardino County
City as % of County
21,237
291,054
-0.7%
12.9%
20.5%
1.2%
1.9%
164,164 185,401
1,418,380 1,709,434
11.6% 10.8%
3.4%
13.7%
0.3%
1.3%
3.01
3.05
56,330
528,594
10.7%
1,848
63,857
-1.1%
54,482
464,737
11.7%
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 and 2000.
Ethnicity
The ethnic diversity ofthe City of San Bernardino's population is shown in Table 2-2. The City
is an ethnically diverse community, with a larger portion of Hispanics (47.5 percent) in 2000
than San Bernardino County (39.2 percent). The proportion of White residents in the City of San
City of San Bernardino
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Bernardino (28.9 percent) is less than that for San Bernardino County (44.0 percent). There is a
larger Black population in the City (16.0 percent) than in the County (8.8 percent). The Asian
population comprises slightly less of the population in the City (4.1 percent) than it does in the
Table 2-2
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Population by Ethnicty in San Bernardino: 2000
San San Bernardino
Race Bernardino % of Total County % of Total
White 53,630 28.9% 752,222 44.0%
Black 29,654 16.0% 150,201 8.8%
Hispanic 88,022 47.5% 669,387 39.2%
Asian 7,594 4.1% 78,154 4.6%
Other 1 1,999 1.1% 17,230 1.0%
Two or more races 2 4,502 2.4% 42,240 2.5%
Total 185,401 100% 1,709,434 100.0%
1. "Other" category includes American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander, and some other race as classified in the 2000 Census.
2. The new Classification system in the 2000 Census includes an additional category
for origin of two or more races.
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Source: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.
County (4.6 percent).
Household Income
The City's population has a larger proportion of households that earn lower levels of income
than the County average. As shown in Figure 2-1 in 1999 dollars, about 40 percent of the City's
households earned less than $25,000 compared to about 29 percent for the County. About 25
percent of the City's households earned $50,000 or more compared to about 37 percent for the
County. Slightly over one-third of the households in both the City of San Bernardino (35
percent) and the County (34 percent) earned from $25,000 to $49,999.
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Figure 2-1
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
San Bernardino City and County Average Household Income Distribution: 1999
(in 1999 dollars)
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
35% 34%
[J City
13 County
$0 - $9,999 $10,000 - $25,000 - . $50,000 - >$75,000
$24,999 $49,999 $74,999
Source: Economic, Demographic & Ufe Style Information, Economics & Politics, Inc., September 2000.
Table 2-3 shows a detailed breakdown of San Bernardino's household income by category
during 1999 in current dollars, The City's estimated median household income in 1999 was
about $32,600, lower than the County median of about $40,900. Similarly, San Bernardino
households had a lower average household income ($39,200) than did County households
($49,200).
Table 2-3
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Household Income Distribution in San Bernardino and San Bernardino County: 1999
(in 1999 dollars)
$0 $9,999 9,517 14.5% 52,087 9.7%
$10,000 $24,999 16,405 25.0% 103,744 19.3%
$25,000 $49,999 22,684 34.6% 184,486 34.4%
$50,000 $74,999 10,767 16.4% 113,446 21.1%
$75,000 or More 6,228 9.5% 83,313 15.5%
65,601 100.0% 537,076 100.0%
City County
Median Household Income $32,573 $40,865
Average Household Income $39,196 $49,222
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
CACllnc. and Economic Research Associates
City of San Bernardino
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Figure 2-2 shows the estimated 1999 personal income for San Bernardino along with other
Inland Empire cities that have populations over 100,000. As shown in Figure 2-2, San
Bernardino had an estimated 1999 total personal income of about $2.89 billion dollars, the third
highest of these cities. This was higher than Corona ($2.63 billion) but less than Rancho
Cucamonga ($3.09 billion).
Figure 2-2
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Total Personal Income: 1999
San Bernardino and Inland Empire Cities with Population over 100,000
(in billions of 1999 dollars)
$6.00
o
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$0.00
Riverside Rancho CUc. San Bern.
Corona
Ontario
Mlreno
Valley
Fontana
Source: Economic, Demographic & Life Style Information, Economics & Politics, Inc., September 2000.
Housin2 Characteristics
The City's increase in housing units compared to that of the County is shown in Table 2-4.
While the distribution of San Bernardino's housing stock has remained about the same from
1990 to 2000, the number of dwelling units in the City has increased by about 9 percent from
58,969 to 64,376 units. In comparison, the total number of housing units in San Bernardino
County increased by about 12.5 percent.
In year 2000, San Bernardino's housing stock consisted primarily of single-family units (60.6
percent), lower than the percentage of single-family units in the County (72.4 percent). About
one third (32.2 percent) of the City's housing stock is comprised of multi-family units, and a
small percentage (7.2 percent) consists of mobile homes. The County has a smaller percentage
of multi-family homes (20.2 percent) and about the same percentage of mobile homes (7.3 0
percent) as the City.
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Table 2-4
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Dwelling Units: 1990 - 2000
San Bernardino San Bernardino Count
Dwelling Unit T e 1990 2000 1990 2000
Single Family 35,198 38,999 383,882 441,913
% of Total 59.7% 60.6% 70.8% 72.4%
Multi-Family 19,362 20,722 115,468 123,576
% of Total 32.8% 32.2% 21.3% 20.2%
Mobile Homes/Other 4,409 4,655 42,982 44,828
% of Total 7.5% 7.2% 7.9% 7.3%
Total Units 58,969 64,376 542,332 610,317
1990 - 2000: % Increase 9.2% 12.5%
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
California Department of Finance, E-5 Reports, 2000.
1990 U.S. Census.
Housin!! Value
Figure 2-3 presents median home prices in current dollars in the City of San Bernardino
compared to the County as a whole during the January 1998 - January 2000 period. Trends in
median home prices have been upward for the City and the County during this time period.
However, the City of San Bernardino provides more affordable housing with the median at about
$86,000 in 2000 when compared to the County at about $109,000, as shown in Figure 2-3.
City of San Bernardino
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Figure 2-3
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
City of San Bernardino and San Bernardino County
Median Home Prices: 1998 - 2000
(in current dollars)
$130,000
$120,000
$110,000
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u
";: $100,000
Q.
III
E
0 $90,000 .
J:
c
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:c $80,000
III
:E
$70,000
~
~ County I
. .-+ ;~
City
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CHAPTER 3: EMPLOYMENT AND SALARIES
Emplovment
This chapter reviews employment trends in both the Riverside-San Bernardino Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) and the City of San Bernardino. The City's share of the
County employment is also discussed. Although the region has been able to recover relatively
fast from the recession of the early nineties, the City of San Bernardino is recovering more
slowly due to the closure in 1994 of the Norton Air Force Base and allied industries. The
September 2001 study by Economic Research Associates (ERA) identified key employment
sectors that have traditionally clustered in San Bernardino, and could present opportunities for
long-term employment growth and stability in the City. Trends that have important implications
for the City of San Bernardino include the following:
.
While total employment for the Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA (Primary Metropolitan
Statistical Area) grew at an average annual rate of 3.3 percent from 1990 to 2000, total
employment in the City grew relatively less rapidly at an annual average rate of2.1
percent;
The Services sector was the fastest growing non-farm sector in the PMSA from 1990 to
2000, averaging 4.5 percent employment growth over this time period. This sector also
showed the most growth, increasing by about 34 percent over the lO-year period;
The region's continued expansion of rail, trucking and air transportation facilities resulted
in increased employment in Transportation and Wholesale Trade related jobs, each sector
growing at average annual rate of 4.0 percent from 1990 to 2000;
1999 estimates indicate that the City of San Bernardino had a total of approximately
74, I 00 jobs, or about 13.9 percent of the total countywide jobs. The City's strongest
share was in the Public Administration (Government), Finance, Insurance and Real
Estate, Services and Retail sectors which together comprised over 77.0 percent of total
County employment;
The major share of San Bernardino County's governmental resources are concentrated in
the City of San Bernardino (29.3 percent of the total County government employment in
1999). This large cluster provides sustained demand for business, retail and professional
services;
.
In 1999, the City's employment was comprised primarily of jobs in the Services (42.4
percent), Retail (23.1 percent) and Public Administration (10.1 percent) sectors. Over
half(58 percent) ofthe Services employment was in the Health and Educational Services
sectors.
. Although Services is a key sector for the City, the Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade and
Transportation sectors represent target areas for expansion. These sectors represented
only 5.4 percent, 4.4 percent and 3.5 percent respectively, of the City's total employment
in 1999.
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City and Re!!ional Emplovment Trends: 1990 to 2000
Table 3-1 displays employment trends in the City of San Bernardino and the Riverside-San
Bernardino Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) from 1990 to 2000. The City of San
Bernardino experienced a slower rate of employment growth compared to the PMSA as a whole.
While total employment for the PMSA grew at an average annual rate of3.3 percent from 1990
to 2000, the City's total employment grew at an annual average rate of2.1 percent. The City's
share of the PMSA employment has also been decreasing steadily from 8.7 percent of the
regional employment in 1990 to 7.8 percent in 2000.
Table 3-1
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Total Employment: 1990 - 2000
San Bernardino Riverside-San
Year City Bernardino PMSA1 City % of Total
1990 63,930 735,300 8.7%
1991 62,830 741,500 8.5%
1992 64,370 751,500 8.6%
1993 62,870 755,700 8.3% 0
1994 64,230 772,800 8.3%
1995 65,030 801,700 8.1%
1996 66,040 824,700 8.0%
1997 68,860 863,200 8.0%
1998 70,950 903,900 7.8%
1999 73,700 960,200 7.7%
2000 78,920 1,012,600 7.8%
Avg. Annual
Growth 2.1% 3.3%
1. PMSA = Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
Economic Research Associates.
Non-Farm Emplovment Trends in the Re!!ion: 1990 to 2000
Table 3-2 displays historical non-farm employment in the Riverside-San Bernardino Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) by major industry groups from 1990 to 2000. As shown,
historically the region has experienced the strongest grow1h in the Services, Transportation,
Communications & Public Utilities (TCD) and the Wholesale Trade sectors. The Services sector
grew the fastest over this time period at an average annual rate of 4.5 percent, followed by the
TCU and Wholesale Trade sectors which each grew at an average annual rate of 4.0 percent.
The Construction and Manufacturing sectors grew slightly slower, each averaging 3.8 percent
annual growth over the 1990 - 2000 period, while the Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (FIRE)
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sector grew at an annual rate of only 0.4 percent. Overall, non-farm employment grew at an
average annual rate of about 3.4 percent.
In terms of total non-farm employment growth, as shown in Table 3-3 and Figure 3-1, the
Services sector increased by about 95,000 jobs from 1990 to 2000, representing about 34 percent
of the job growth in the PMSA during this time period. The Retail Trade sector also showed a
large increase in jobs (46,800) from 1990 to 2000, and comprised the second largest share of the
total job growth (16.8 percent). The Government sector comprised about 14.8 percent of the
total growth in the PMSA, while Manufacturing comprised about 13.8 percent of the growth.
Only the Mining sector had a decrease in employment, losing an estimated 300 jobs. The
Services sector includes a diverse range of job types such as the higher wage Health, Educational
and other professional services as well as the lower average wage personal services and hotel
services workers.
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Table 3-2
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Non-Farm Employment Trends in Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA, 1990-2000
Industry Sectors 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Mining 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,100
Construction 54,100 43,700 40,400 37,500 40,300 43,100
Manufacturing 85,800 81,700 86,800 86,100 88,400 94,400
Transportation, Comm. & Utilities 34,300 34,500 36,400 37,200 39,100 40,800
Wholesale Trade 32,800 32,100 31,500 31,900 33,700 35,900
Retail Trade 151,600 156,700 157,700 162,700 164,500 170,000
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 30,500 31,000 31,500 32,000 31,100 29,400
Services 172,100 182,700 186,500 189,600 195,200 202,600
Government 150.200 155.100 157,500 155.600 157.800 162,600
Total Non-Farm Employment 712,700 718,800 729,600 733,800 751,300 779,900
Total Farm Employment 22,600 22,700 21,900 21,900 21,500 21,800
Total Employment 735,300 741,500 751,500 755,700 772,800 801,700
Average
Annual
Growth
Industry Sectors 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Rate
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Mining 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,000 -2.6%
Construction 46,200 52,100 60,800 70,800 78,300 3.8%
Manufacturing 99,200 104,800 111,400 117,800 124,400 3.8%
Transportation, Comm. & Utilities 41,100 42,500 45,700 49,100 51,000 4.0%
Wholesale Trade 37,500 40,200 42,200 45,200 48,500 4.0%
Retail Trade 172,600 177 ,800 181,000 188,500 198,400 2.7%
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 29,600 29,800 30,600 31,900 31 ,700 0.4%
Services 208,700 221,500 234,900 251,500 266,800 4.5%
. Government 167,300 171,600 174,700 183,100 191,600 2.5%
Total Non-Farm Employment 803.400 841.500 882,300 938.900 991,700 3.4%
Total Farm Employment 21,300 21,700 21,600 21,300 20,900 -0.8%
Total Employment 824,700 863,200 903,900 960,200 1,012,600 3.3%
Source: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
Economic Research Associates, Inc., Economic Analysis for an Update of the Land Use
Element of the General Plan, September, 2001.
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Table 3-3
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Non-Farm Employment in Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA: 1990 and 2000
Employment Year Numerical % of Total
Sector 1990 I 2000 Change Growth
Mining 1,300 1,000 -300 -0.1%
Construction 54,100 78,300 24,200 8.7%
Manufacturing 85,800 124,400 38,600 13.8%
Transportation, Comm. & Utilities 34,300 51,000 16,700 6.0%
Wholesale Trade 32,800 48,500 15,700 5.6%
Retail Trade 151,600 198,400 46,800 16.8%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 30,500 31,700 1,200 0.4%
Services 172,100 266,800 94,700 33.9%
Government 150,200 191.600 41 .400 14.8%
Total Non-Farm Employment 712,700 991,700 279,000 100.0%
Total Employment 735,300 1,012,600 277 ,300
0 Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
Economic Research Associates, September 2001.
Figure 3-1
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Non-Farm Employment Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA: 1990 and 2000
300,000
250,000
200,000
'E
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City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
17
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
o
Re2ional Labor Force Characteristics: 1990 to 2000
Labor force refers to those residents ofthe region who are available to work, while employment
refers to the number of jobs in the region. Civilian employment by place of residence is shown
in Table 3-4 for the Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA from 1990 to 2000. This shows that the
region had a labor force of about 1.2 million in 1990, increasing to about 1.5 million in 2000.
These trends indicate that beginning in 1994 unemployment began to decrease, from 9.5 percent
in 1994 to 5.1 percent in 2000. Year 2000 estimates show that the region has a labor force of
about 1.5 million residents of whom about 1.4 million are employed, resulting in an
unemployment rate of 5.1 percent, the lowest over the 1 O-year period.
Table 3-4
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Civilian labor Force Characteristics in Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA: 1990 - 2000
labor Unemployment
Year Force Em 10 ment Unem 10 ment Rate
1990 1,176,500 1,102,300 74,200 6.3%
1991 1,184,800 1,080,900 103,900 8.8% 0
1992 1,235,200 1,106,800 128,400 10.4%
1993 1,250,300 1,117,200 133,000 10.6%
1994 1,279,600 1,158,100 121,500 9.5%
1995 1,292,800 1,180,800 112,000 8.7%
1996 1,302,100 1,201,900 100,200 7.7%
1997 1,352,300 1,259,200 93,100 6.9%
1998 1,388,700 1,303,800 84,900 6.1%
1999 1,450,600 1,376,500 74,100 5.1%
2000 1,522,900 1,445,300 77,600 5.1%
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
California Employment Development Department
City's Share of County Employment: 1999
As shown in Table 3-5, according to 1999 estimates, the City of San Bernardino had a total of
approximately 74, I 00 jobs, or about 13.9 percent of the total countywide jobs. The strongest
representation was in the Public Administration (Government) sector, where the City comprised
29.3 percent of the total County government jobs. This sector was followed by FIRE (18.2
percent), Services (16.0 percent) and Retail Trade (13.7 percent), each representing sizable
shares of the total County employment. Together, these four sectors comprised over 77.0 percent
of total County employment.
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
In Manufacturing, TCU, and Wholesale Trade, the City had a smaIler share of the County
employment (6.9, 7.9 percent and 8.3 percent respectively) than the previously described sectors.
It wiIl be important for the City to increase its share of employment in sectors such as these that
can drive the economy and that are growing within the larger market area. For example,
Transportation is emerging as a core employment sector in the region and opportunities exist for
continued capture of Transportation related jobs as the City focuses on its role as a multi-modal
transportation "hub."
The City had a large representation of the total County employment in several sub-categories.
As shown in Table 3-5, within the Mariufacturing sector, the City had a large share of the
County's Printing & Publishing employment, or about 28.2 percent of the total County
employment. In FIRE, the City is also strong in Insurance Carriers (37.2 percent). In the
Services Category, the City shows strength in Social Services (24.8 percent), Educational
Services (19.5 percent), Membership Organizations (17.6 percent) and Health Services (16.9
percent).
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Table 3-5 0
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Employment by Sector for City and County: 1999
Cat egory
Agriculture 481 4,703 10.2%
Mining 6 472 1.3%
Construction 2,542 24,784 10.3%
Special Trade Contractors 1,633 15,921 10.3%
Other 909 8,863 10.3%
Manufacturing 3,982 57,500 6.9%
Fabricated Metal Products 257 7,381 3.5%
Industrial Machinery & Equipment 170 6,421 2.6%
Rubber & Plastics 347 5,552 6.3%
Printing & Publishing 1,536 5,440 28.2%
Transportation Equipment 218 4,744 4.6%
Fumiture & Fixtures 280 3,847 7.3%
Food & Kindred Products 276 3,644 7.6%
Primary Metal Products 36 3,393 1.1%
Misc. Maufacturing 139 2,846 4.9%
Electric & Electronic Equipment 51 2,810 1.8%
Other 672 11,422 5.9%
Transportation, Comm. & Utilities 2,592 32,730 7.9% 0
Wholesale Trade 3,274 39,278 8.3%
Wholesale Trade-- Durable Goods 2,447 28,181 8.7%
Wholesale Trade-- Non-durable Goods 827 11,097 7.5%
Retail Trade 17,130 124,662 13.7%
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 5,107 28,116 18.2%
Real Estate 2,251 12,372 18.2%
Insurance Agents 806 4,910 16.4%
Banks 705 4,424 15.9%
Non-depository Credit 824 4,296 19.2%
Insurance Carriers 308 827 37.2%
Other 213 1,287 16.6%
Services 31,450 195,990 16.0%
Health Services 9,771 57,671 16.9%
Educational Services 8,498 43,638 19.5%
Business Services 2,084 21,574 9.7%
Social Services 2,924 11,776 24.8%
Hotels & Other Lodgings 602 11,104 5.4%
Engineering & Management Services 1,272 8,703 14.6%
Membership Organizations 1,355 7,690 17.6%
Amusement & Recreations Services 739 6,509 11.4%
Other 4,205 27,325 15.4%
Public Adminstration 7,510 25,606 29.3%
Non-classified Establishments 29 358 8.1%
Total Employment 74,103 534,199 13.9%
Source: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates. 0
Claritas and Economic Research Associates.
20 City of San Bernardino
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
City of San Bernardino Emplovment Distribution: 1999
Figure 3-2 shows the distribution of the City's employment by sector in 1999. The largest
employment sector was Services at 42.4 percent of the total City employment followed by Retail
at 23.1 percent of the total, then Public Administration at 10.1 percent of the total. The FIRE,
Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade and TCU sectors comprised 6.9 percent, 5.4 percent, 4.4
percent and 3.5 percent of the total City employment respectively.
Figure 3-2
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
45.0%
40.0%
-
a; 35.0%
[ 30.0%
o
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E 20.0%
w
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City of San Bernardino Employment Distribution: 1999
Source: Economic Research Associates, September 2001.
Kev Employment Sectors in San Bernardino
As shown above, the TCU, Wholesale Trade and Manufacturing sectors comprised a small
portion of the City's total employment in 1999. These sectors were identified in the ERA study
as key sectors that should be targeted by the City. In particular, the ERA study stated that the
TCU sector will continue to be one of the City's stable employers, especially in terms of
locational advantages in rail transportation. This indicates that the focus needs to be on
expansion ofthese sectors to increase the City's share of growing employment markets in the
region. Other expanding sectors include the Services sector. The higher quality level and wages
associated with jobs in the Services and Manufacturing sectors, in particular, will be important in
City of San Bernardino
21
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
o
shaping the long-term economic sustainability of the region. A detailed breakdown of key
sectors is shown in Table 3-6.
Transportation, Communications and Utilities (TCV). The majority of employment in this sector
was in the Local Passenger Transportation group (46.6 percent) followed by Trucking and
Warehousing (19.4 percent). Transportation is emerging as a core employment sector in the
region and opportunities exist for continued capture of Transportation related jobs. The San
Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA TC) is a key focus for providing jobs in
this sector. Preservation of the airport facility and the promotion of commerciallindustrialland
uses around it, are also key to expanding other sectors such as Manufacturing, which could
provide high-technology jobs. Additionally, the access to rail and inter-modal facilities of the
BNSF Railroad yard is significant for long-term expansion of the Transportation sector.
Wholesale Trade and Manufacturing. Specialty food preparation and packaging (Food and
Kindred Products) was identified in the ERA study as an expanding Manufacturing sector group.
About 6.9 percent of the City's total Manufacturing employment was in this group during 1999.
The majority ofthe Wholesale Trade sector employment was comprised of Durable Goods (74.7
percent), indicating that there are opportunities for expansion in the Non-Durable Goods area.
As previously indicated, the City should explore other areas of Manufacturing that can support
high-technology as well as bio-technology industries.
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate (FIRE). The ERA study noted that employment in this sector
may tend to cluster around government administrative offices. Therefore, this sector could be
expanded by preserving and enhancing the presence of the public administration sector in the
City. Most of the employment in this sector was in the Real Estate group, at 44.1 percent of the
total employment.
o
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City of San Bernardino
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
o
Table 3.6
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Employment Clusters for the City: 1999
% of Total I
Category City Category
Transportation, Comm. & Utilities 2,592 100.0%
Local Passenger Transportation 1,209 46.6%
Trucking & Warehousing 503 19.4%
U.S. Postal Service 216 8.3%
Communications 197 7.6%
Electrical, Gas & Sanitary Services 193 7.4%
Transportation Services 189 7.3%
Other 85 3.3%
Manufacturing 3,982 100.0%
Printing & Publishing 1,536 38.6%
Rubber & Plastics 347 8.7%
Furniture & Fixtures 280 7.0%
Food & Kindred Products 276 6.9%
Fabricated Metal Products 257 6.5%
Transportation Equipment 218 5.5%
Industrial Machinery & Equipment 170 4.3%
Misc. Manufacturing 139 3.5%
Electric & Electronic Equipment 51 1.3%
0 Primary Metal Products 36 0.9%
Other 672 16.9%
Wholesale Trade 3,274 100.0%
Wholesale Trade-- Durable Goods 2,447 74.7%
Wholesale Trade-- Non-durable Goods 827 25.3%
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 5,107 100.0%
Real Estate 2,251 44.1%
Non-depository Credit 824 16.1%
Insurance Agents 806 15.8%
Banks 705 13.8%
Insurance Carriers 308 6.0%
Other 213 4.2%
Services 31,450 100.0%
Health Services 9,771 31.1%
Educational Services 8,498 27.0%
Social Services 2,924 9.3%
Business Services 2,084 6.6%
Membership Organizations 1,355 4.3%
Engineering & Management Services 1,272 4.0%
Amusement & Recreation Services 739 2.3%
Hotels & Other Lodgings 602 1.9%
Other 4,205 13.4%
Total City Employment 74,103
o
Source: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates.
Claritas and Economic Research Associates.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
23
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
o
Services. Within the Services category, Health Services comprised 31.1 percent of the total
Services employment, while Educational Services comprises about 27.0 percent. Partnerships
and alliances with the City and institutions in both the Health Services and Educational Services
sectors are a key economic development tool for the City. The Health Services cluster has a
larger proportion of higher skilled and wage jobs than other sectors, and will provide
opportunities for linkages with the adjacent Lorna Linda medical cluster as well as other medical
facilities and health-related companies. Educational alliances with California State University at
San Bernardino (CSUSB) and San Bernardino Valley College also present opportunities. The
impact of the University is significant and growing. Its labor force alone exceeds 3,600, which
makes it one of the Inland Empire's largest employers. The annual economic impact of the
University was recently estimated to increase regional output by approximately $212 million and
regional earnings by almost $91 million in 1998-99. Also, the University has plans to expand,
including the addition of an engineering program.
The Engineering and Management group, as well as other professional services and legal
services (Other), represent only a small portion of the total Services employment. Expansion into
these key areas could provide an opportunity for the City to increase its share of higher skill and
wage jobs.
Payroll and Salaries
o
The City's payroll increased from about $1.6 billion in 1991 to about $2.0 billion in 1998, or
about $336.0 million in nominal dollars. When the City's payroll is adjusted for inflation, the
purchasing power of payroll in the City has increased by about $97.6 million in constant 2000
dollars or 5.0 percent from 1991 to 1998. Government had the biggest payroll, followed by
Retail and Educational Institutions. As shown in Figure 3-3, in constant 2000 dollars the payroll
for Governmental Agencies was the largest of all sectors in 1998, or a total of about $636.8
million. This was followed by the Retail sector at about $240.7 million. Manufacturing had a
total payroll of about $89.4 million.
o
24
City of San Bernardino
o
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
~. $700.0
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Figure 3-3
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Total Payroll in San Bernardino: 1998
$636.8
$600.0
$500.0
$400.0
$200.0
Cii $100.0
-
o
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~
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(in constant 2000 dollars)
Note: The sectors shown in Figure 3-3 represent the top eight sectors in total payroll.
Source: CA Employment Development Department
As shown in Figure 3-4, in constant 2000 dollars the average annual salary per worker has
increased only slightly, from $28,590 in 1991 to $30,218 in 1998.
City of San {3ernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report. doc
25
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
o
Figure 3-4
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Average Salary per Worker in San Bernardino: 1991 to 1998
$30,500
...
Q) $30,000
oX
...
o $29,500
~
... $29,000
Q)
~ $28,500
I'll $28,000
(ij
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Q)
~ $27,000
...
~ $26,500
<( $26,000
$3Q21B
$28,090
., $27,984
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
(in constant 2000 dollars)
o
Figure 3-5 shows the average annual salary for selected sectors during 1998 in 2000 constant
dollars. The highest salary was in the Utilities sector at an average $49,323 annually, followed by
the Government sector at $41,196. Other Services and Business Services have lower average
salaries, with Retail salaries the lowest, at an average $18,471 annually. Another economic
consideration is the relative salaries generated by the different industries. Although the Retail
sector had the second highest payroll during 1998, retail salaries are among the lowest salaries of
all sectors. Selected categories within the Services sector, such as Education, Health and
Engineering and Management, can have higher average salaries than the Service sector as a
whole as shown in Figure 3-5. This suggests that if the right mix of basic industries can be
expanded or attracted to the city, there is the potential to increase average incomes in the local
area.
o
26
City of San Bernardino
o
Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
Figure 3-5
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Average Salary by Sector in San Bernardino: 1998
(in constant 2000 dollars)
$60,000
... $50,000 $49,323
Q)
.:.:
...
0
3: $40,000 $37,047 $36,796
...
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III
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0
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City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
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Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
o
Chapter 4: MARKET TRENDS
Taxable Sales Trends
Figure 4-1 and Table 4-1 present taxable sales in the City of San Bernardino from 1989 to 2000
in constant 2000 dollars. Year 1989 was chosen as a benchmark because it was the peak year
before the decline in the early to mid- I 990s. As shown, total taxable sales have decreased about
7 percent during this time period from about $2.54 billion to $2.36 billion, or about $175.3
million. Taxable retail sales transactions represented about 80 to 83 percent of the total,
decreasing from about $2.03 billion to about $1.91 billion over this same period, or about 6
percent. Taxable retail sales decreased by about $124.4 million over this time period. The largest
losses occurred in General Merchandise and Furniture and Appliances, while the largest increase
was experienced by Auto Dealers and Supplies. Retail transactions from All Other Outlets (i.e.,
non-retail), primarily business-to-business, declined about 10 percent in real dollars, decreasing
from about $5 I 0.2 million in 1989 to about $459.2 million in 2000.
Figure 4-1
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Total Taxable Sales Transactions: 1989 to 2000
(in OOO's of constant 2000 dollars)
o
$3,000,000
.,. $2,500,000
(;
"'
g $2,000,000
e
::: $1,500,000-
;;
en
:a $1,000,000
co
)(
r:. $500,000
~Total Taxable Transactions
-Retail Taxable Transactions
---Non-Retail Taxable Transactions
$0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Source: California State Board of Equalization
o
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City of San Bernardino
Stanley R. Hoffman Associates
Appendix 10. Economic Report
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Table 4-1
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Taxable Transactions (in Thousands) by Retail Group: 1989-2000
(in constant 2000 dollars)
Sales Category
Apparel Stores $92,824 $90,567 $82,523 $72,975 $65,122 $59,932 $56,012
Auto Dealers and Supplies 363,781 350,944 301,346 298,523 282,329 298,413 301,106
Building Materials 197,097 184,102 183,874 184,717 177,831 171,333 156,257
Eating and Drinking Places 205,496 205,707 195,335 181,528 172,965 169,470 171,206
Food Stores 129,761 126,555 126,096 116,200 94,630 92,578 92,079
Furniture & Appliance 170,987 156,051 130,634 116,162 100,118 96,997 96,976
General Merchandise & Drug Stores 467,492 457,478 430,206 392,251 360,193 362,289 354,394
Other Retail & Packaged Liquor 280,128 252,627 236,236 202,982 205,071 239,430 253,587
Service Stations 121954 126460 123118 122 596 ~ 11Mll ~
Retail Subtotal $2,029,520 $1,950,490 $1,809,369 $1,687,934 $1,582,659 $1,609,114 $1,596,941
All Other Outlets (Non-Retail) $510,170 $466,973 $425,205 $371,273 $333,116 $337,638 $342,515
Total All Outlets $2,539,689 $2,417,463 $2,234,574 $2,059,207 $1,915,775 $1,946,753 $1,939,456
Retail as % of Total 79.9% 80.7% 81.0% 82.0% 82.6% 82.7% 82.3%
0 1989 - 2000
Percent
Sales Category 2000 Change Change
Apparel Stores
Auto Dealers and Supplies $52,049 $50,601 $49,979 $49,315 $54,338 -$38,487 -41.5%
Building Materials 308,177 302,535 336,950 385,052 437,472 $73,691 20.3%
Eating and Drinking Places 153,657 161,534 173,282 234,287 227,248 $30,152 15.3%
Food Stores 168,559 171,063 177,083 184,417 197,426 -$8,070 -3.9%
Furniture & Appliance 91,249 92,392 89,012 92,979 102,185 -$27,576 -21.3%
General Merchandise & Drug Stores 72,697 72,415 82,342 89,507 90,421 -$80,566 .47.1%
Other Retail & Packaged Liquor 354,710 349,278 369,932 385,982 378,454 -$89,038 .19.0%
Service Stations 285,279 283,392 294,709 300,124 297,480 $17,352 6.2%
Retail Subtotal 114748 110828 97 762 105 086 120131 -$1823 -1.5%
$1,601,124 $l,594,036 $1,671,051 $1,826,750 $1,905,154 -$124,365 -6.1%
All Other Oullets (Non-Retail)
Total All Outlets $351,812 $365,671 $403,022 $406,370 $459,231 -$50,938 -10.0%
$1,952,935 $1,959,707 $2,074,073 $2,233,119 $2,364,386 -$175,304 -6.9%
Retail as % of Total
82.0% 81.3% 80.6% 81.8% 80.6%
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
California State Board of Equalization: Taxable Transactions, 1989-2000.
o
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!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
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Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales
Per capita taxable retail sales are a rough estimate of the retail sales performance in San
Bernardino, and are calculated by dividing the total retail sales by the City's total population for
a particular year. As shown in Table 4-2, from 1989 to 2000, the City's per capita taxable retail
sales decreased from $12,324 to $10,276 in 2000 inflation-adjusted dollars. All categories
except for Auto Dealers and Supplies and Building Materials showed a decrease in per capita
taxable retail sales. General Merchandise and Drug Stores decreased significantly from $2,839
in 1989 to $2,041 in 2000, or $798. Furniture and Appliance also showed a significant decrease
from $1,038 in 1989 to $488 in 2000, or $550. Figure 4-2 shows the changes in per capita
taxable retail sales from 1989 to 2000 by retail category for the City of San Bernardino.
Table 4-2
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales: 1989 and 2000
(in constant 2000 dollars)
Retail Group 0
Apparel Stores $92,824 $564 $54,338 $293
Auto Dealers and Supplies 363,781 2,209 437,472 2,360
Building Materials 197,097 1,197 227,248 1,226
Eating and Drinking Places 205,496 1,248 197,426 1,065
Food Stores 129,761 788 102,185 551
Furniture & Appliance 170,987 1,038 90,421 488
General Merchandise & Drug Stores 467,492 2,839 378,454 2,041
Other Retail & Packaged Liquor 280,128 1,701 297,480 1,605
Service Stations 121.954 741 $120,131 648
Retail Subtotal $2,029,520 $12,324 $1,905,154 $10,276
Source: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
California State Board of Equalization, Taxable Retail Sales, 1989 and 2000.
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Appendix 10. Economic Report
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Figure 4-2
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales: 1989 to 2000
Service Stations
Other Retail & Packaged Liquor
Gen'l Merchandise & Drug Stores
Furniture & Appliance
Food Stores
Eating & Drinking Places
Building Materials
Auto Dealers & Supplies
Apparel Stores
I
I
I I
I . 1989
02000
T T
I
I I
=-...J I
$0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000
Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales
(in constant 2000 dollars)
Source: California State Board of Equalization
Comparative Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales
Table 4-3 shows year 1999 per capita taxable retail sales for the City of San Bernardino
compared to the County and nearby communities in constant 2000 dollars. Year 1999 was
chosen because this was the latest year with published retail sales data for the other communities.
During 1999, the City of San Bernardino had higher per capita taxable retail sales overall
($9,844) than the County ($7,054), and had the highest among nearby communities. Colton
($8,451) and Redlands ($7,360) had the second and third highest per capita taxable retail sales
among the communities.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 10 Economic Report.doc
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Table 4-3
City of San Bernardino
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Comparative Per Capita Taxable Retail Sales: 1999
(in constant 2000 dollars)
Jurisdiction
San Bernardino $1,826,750 185,561 $9,844
Redlands 509,999 67,073 7,604
Colton 408,463 46,782 8,731
Rialto 325,740 82,857 3,931
Highland 77,115 42,968 1,795
Grand Terrace 27,463 13,419 2,047
Lorna Linda $131,941 21,609 $6,106
San Bernardino County $11,711,182 1,660,245 $7,054
Sources: Stanley R. Hoffman Associates, Inc.
California State Board of Equalization: Taxable Sales in California during 1999.
o
The Non-Residential Marketplace
The Inland Empire as a whole has undergone a tremendous transformation over the last 15 to 20
years and has become a major industrial center for Southern California. With much of the
development along the 1-10 freeway now a mature market, commercial and industrial
development are seeking locations farther east. San Bernardino is in a good position to take
advantage of these market conditions with the City's access to the 1-10,1-215 and 1-15 freeways.
Also, the extension of the Foothill Freeway from San Bernardino to La Verne will be completed
within 5 years, providing significant easf-west connections. This section addresses the trends in
the retail, office and industrial markets and their implications for San Bernardino.
Retail Trends
Although the City continues to attract retail dollars from neighboring communities, as previously
discussed its position as a retail center has been declining. The loss of a large share of the City's
employment base and corresponding disposable income due to the Norton Air Force base closure
was a significant contributor to this decline. Increasing retail competition from newer regional
centers, such as Ontario Mills, is also contributing to the erosion of San Bernardino's regional
retail market base. Most of the City's centers were built from 1956 to 1989 and are in need of
revitalization.
Inventory. As of mid-year 2000, the City had a total inventory of about 4.1 million square feet 0
of leasable retail space. About 43 percent of this total inventory was comprised of community
32
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serving centers and neighborhood centers. The 29-year old Carousel Mall has over 1.0 million
square feet and is the largest regional center in the City, followed by the 35-year old Inland
Center at about 1.0 million square feet. Carousel Mall has lease rates ranging from $18 to $40
per square foot per year, while smaller centers have lease rates in the range of$16 to $25 per
square foot per year.
Occupancy. Occupancy rates for properties larger than 85,000 square feet vary from 60 to 85
percent. Only the Tri-City Shopping Center and the University Valley Center reported
occupancy greater than 87 percent.
Opportunities. ERA's preliminary analysis indicates that the existing retail stock is over-built by
about 400,000 square feet. However, according to the ERA study, the City is likely to be the
focus of continuing interest by large value-oriented retailers such as Wal-Mart, Kohl's and home
stores such as Lowe's or Home Depot. There are current plans for both a Wal-Mart and Sam's
Club. The'planned Sam's Club at Harriman Avenue and the 1-215 would add about 250,000
square feet of additional retail space to the City. Stores such as these would allow the City to
strengthen 'its General Merchandise taxable sales, which declined by 19 percent from 1989 to
2000 in constant dollars as shown previously in Table 4-1.
As a result of larger value-oriented stores, the existing retail developments will be highly
vulnerable to new competition. Therefore, only marginal increases will occur in the total net
volume of occupied retail space in the City of San Bernardino. Net new demand in retail growth
is estimated to be about 10,000 square feet according to the ERA study.
Office Trends
In the last few years the Inland Empire has started to emerge as a desirable location for office
development. The primary impetus behind the region's growth has been the affordability of
housing relative to Los Angeles and Orange Counties. In addition, continuing expansion of
Ontario airport passenger traffic makes the area more attractive for office use, which generates
and attracts business travel. Supportable space estimates by ERA indicate that the City of San
Bernardino's office market is currently overbuilt. However, according to ERA, projected
employment growth shows that the City could capture as much as 170,000 square feet annually
over the next 5 years, particularly in the downtown. Characteristics of the Inland Empire and
San Bernardino area markets as of3rd quarter 2000 include the following.
The Inland Empire market has added approximately 1.48 million square feet of space
during 1995-2000 to reach a total rentable inventory about 13.5 million square feet;
. The San Bernardino sub-marketl had about 3.73 million rentable square feet as of the 3rd
quarter 2000, and the City had about 3.03 million square feet;
I The San Bernardino Sub-market consists of San Bernardino, Colton, Redlands and Lorna Linda.
City of San Bernardino
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. The largest share of the City's office inventory is Class B space at 42 percent of the total,
followed by Class A at 36 percent. The remaining 22 percent ofthe inventory is
comprised of Class C space; and
. Average asking rent in the Inland Empire region is approximately $1.45 per square foot
per month as of the third quarter of2000, compared to the San Bernardino sub-market, at
$1.42 per square foot.
Inventory and Absorption. The approximate volume of multi-tenant space located in the City of
San Bernardino is about 3.03 million square feet. This does not include single use governmental
space. About 551,300 square feet of this total is vacant resulting in an overall vacancy rate of
18.2 percent. As of the 3rd quarter 2000, about 530,000 square feet of office space was under
construction, all of which was in the Airport area and the Riverside area.
Recent Grubb & Ellis and CB Richard Ellis data indicate that the demand for office space in the
Inland Empire is expected to remain strong as the neighboring office markets of Los Angeles and
Orange Counties continue to tighten. As of the 3rd quarter of2000, the San Bernardino sub-
market had absorbed about 268,000 square feet of the 550,000 total square feet absorbed in the
Inland Empire region, or about 49 percent of the total.
Lease Rates. Average rents have been increasing steadily since 1996 in the Inland Empire. As
shown in Figure 4-3, average asking rent in the region is approximately $1.45 per square foot per 0
month as of the third quarter of2000, compared to about $1.33 in 1996. The average rate per
square foot is slightly lower in the San Bernardino sub-market, at $1.42 per square foot. As
shown, the San Bernardino area is still below the rate of Ontario, another Inland Empire
community that is well situated along major thoroughfares, and the Riverside area.
o
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$1.65
..c:
'E $1.60
o
:E $1.55
...
Gl
D.. $1.50
....
u. $1.45
c-
en $1.40
...
~ $1.35
w
$1.30
Figure 4-3
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
$1.60
San Bernardino Inland Empire
Area A\erage
Ontario
Ri\erside Area
Average Office Space Lease Rates Inland Empire: 3'd Quarter 2000
Opportunities. ERA forecasts net new demand of about 850,000 square feet of new office space
in the City, which would require about 27 acres to accommodate. Opportunities for office
development will be primarily in the downtown area with infill and mixed commercial
development, as well as lower-density office park type development in the northern part of the
City along the 1-215 corridor or adjacent to CSUSB. The planned Arrowhead Credit Union
Project in the northern end of the City along 1-215 is proposed for mixed-use, including 550,000
square feet of office/technology park and residential uses.
Industrial Trends
As a shortage of industrial space is occurring in Orange County, the Inland Empire has
experienced a large number of firms taking advantage of available land at affordable prices
relative to other markets. Industrial space absorption in the Inland Empire has therefore
remained strong. The area around the junction of the 1-15 with the 1-10 and Route 60 freeways
is now reaching capacity and space costs are beginning to rise. As a result, industrial developers
and manufacturing clients are now increasing their activity further east. The City of San
Bernardind is benefiting from this trend.
.
I
. About 49 firms and agencies have located in the City from 1994 to 1999, bringing 5,500
new jobs into the economic base (San Bernardino Economic and Community Profile);
As of 3rd quarter 2000, there was about 9.5 million square feet of industrial space, or
about 80.1 percent ofthe total San BernardinolRedlands market, located in the City of
San Bernardino;
City of San Bernardino
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.
The City has a low vacancy rate of 4.8 percent when compared to the sub-market area's
6.0 percent, as well as to the Inland Empire average of7.l percent; and
Industrial rents are about $3.56 per square foot per year (NNN) and are slightly lower
than the regional average of$3.83 per square foot per year (NNN). Triple net (NNN)
refers to a lease requiring the tenant to pay, in addition to a fixed rent, the expenses of the
property such as taxes, insurance and maintenance.
.
Inventory and Absorption. The total Inland Empire market inventory was approximately 215.9
million square feet as ofthe third quarter of 2000. The San BernardinolRedlands submarket
contained about 11.8 million square feet or about 5 percent ofthe regional total. About 9.5
million square feet of the San BernardinolRedlands submarket was located in the City of San
Bernardino. The City of San Bernardino had a vacancy rate of about 4.8 percent, lower than the
San Bernardino/Redlands submarket of 6.0 percent and the region's 7.1 percent.
The majority of the new industrial space constructed in the Inland Empire during the year 2000
was comprised of speculative projects, which accounted for about 63 percent ofthe total new
buildings. As of the 3rd quarter of2000, about 6 million square feet was pre-leased, and about 40
percent of the new tenants were from outside the Inland Empire.
Lease Rates. Lease rates in the San Bernardino sub-market are about $3.56 per square foot per 0
year (NNN) and are slightly lower than the Inland Empire average of $3.83 per square foot per
year (NNN). Comparatively, Corona and Chino have the highest lease rates at $4.50 per square
foot per year and $4.22 per square foot per year. Triple net (NNN) refers to a lease requiring the
tenant to pay, in addition to a fixed rent, the expenses ofthe property such as taxes, insurance
and maintenance.
Figure 4-4
Economic Development Existing Conditions and Trends
Average Industrial Space Lease Rates Inland Empire: 3rd Quarter 2000
$5.00
$4.50
~
Z $4.00
Z $3.50
~
... $3.00
l'll $2.50
Ql
>- $2.00
...
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Opportunities. ERA's preliminary demand estimates show that the City could absorb about
400,000 square feet of industrial space annually over the next four years, with the capacity to
accommodate about 2.0 million square feet by the end of the planning period. Kohl's, a large-
format retailer, has plans for a 650,000 square foot warehouse distribution center near the airport.
The larger parcels of land in northwest part of the city that have frontage along the 1-215 freeway
could attract warehouse-distribution and light manufacturing firms. Both the Southeast
Industrial Park (265,000 square feet) and Tri-City redevelopment project areas also have space
for in fill de;velopment.
Alliances between the City, and educational and health institutions will be an effective tool to
attract high technology and medical manufacturing firms to the City. In addition, The San
Bernardino International Airport presents a prime opportunity for industrial use. The legal title
to the 2,000-acre former site of Norton Air Force Base has passed to local authorities, and is
being developed as a multi-modal global logistics center. The City should continue to work
closely with the Inland VaHey Development Agency (IVDA) and the SBIA Authority in order to
promote the commercial viability of the airport.
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CHAPTER 5: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES AND
INCENTIVES
Economic Opportunities
The primary purpose of the economic development process is to identify target economic
opportunities that are both realistic and compatible with the City's long-term vision and goals.
This section summarizes key economic opportunities for the City that will be the foundation for
policy consideration and priority setting in the next steps ofthis process. This process will result
in the Economic Development Element of the General Plan, which presents economic goals and
their corresponding objectives, policies and programs for future implementation.
Building Upon Location and Transportation Advantages. One of the City's most important assets
is its geographic location relative to the regional road and rail transportation network.
Automobiles, trucks and trains entering Southern California from most ofthe U.S. must go
through the Cajon Pass to the north or the Banning Pass to the east. As a result, the area in and
around the City has been a center of southland goods movement since Southern Pacific and
Santa Fe railroads reached the region in 1875 and 1885 respectively.
Rail access via the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railroad inter-modal yard in San
Bernardino, as well as several major truck terminals, position the City as a gateway and
transcontinental hub for transportation and warehousing activity.
o
The City's location within the "Freeway Ring," consisting ofInterstate-1 0, Interstate-215 and
State Route 30 highways, as well as eventual completion of the 1-21 0 and Route 30 connection in
2005/2006 provide advantages. Visible parcels along freeway frontage could attract larger R &
D and high-value manufacturing firms to the City.
Expanding San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center. The San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center (SBIATC) located at the former Norton AFB offers
office, industrial and aviation related space with access to rail and inter-modal facilities of the
BNSF Railroad yard. The SBIA TC encompasses 14,000 acres within 3.5 miles of airport
facilities, including 3.0 million square feet of warehouse, industrial and office space available for
conversion. To date there are some 70 companies in place, including TRW, Kelly Space &
Technology and the Defense Finance & Accounting Service. In addition, about 14,000 acres are
also marked for redevelopment in adjacent project areas. GTE has an on-site central office,
providing a metropolitan fiber ring that can support sophisticated advanced telecommunications.
The area is designated as a Local Agency Military Base Recovery Area (LAMBRA) and as such
is authorized to provide companies with the full package of California Enterprise Zone
incentives, extending California tax credits to companies that locate within the zone. This
incentive could be useful in attracting the right mix of manufacturing and related firms to the
area, and expanding jobs in the Transportation sector.
o
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Partnering and Collaborating with Local Institutions. Opportunities for the City exist in
partnering with CSUSB to start new programs. CSUSB is in the process of beginning an
academic program in engineering on its campus, as well as facilitating an extension of Pepper-
Linden to make the northern campus more accessible. The new engineering program could
attract industry sectors that require a highly skilled labor force. For Research & Development
companies, access to the University could be important in providing skilled labor in areas such
Computer Science and Chemistry. An Engineering program may also increase the potential for
business spin-offs, ifthe school promotes commercial-oriented research as one of its goals. The
university should be viewed as a prime asset, as partnerships with potential employers and
alliances could be a key economic development tool for the City. Other opportunities in the bio-
technology and R & D sectors are possible with alliances with Loma Linda University Medical
Center, University of Red lands and University of California, Riverside.
o
Labor Force Training to Promote Economic Development. Both the University and San
Bernardino Valley Community College provide the opportunity to leverage the College's
traditional educational role for workforce training. The importance of workforce education and
training is increasingly influenced by ongoing economic restructuring and technology changes.
The coordination between the institutions and local and regional business organizations would
increase communication and responsiveness to area labor needs. Labor force training
opportunities also become increasingly attractive to local businesses as the trend towards
research and specialized skills continues.
Collaboration with CSUSB to Promote Economic Development. The service area for CSUSB is
large, encompassing the two counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. About 15,000 students
attend Cal State University San Bernardino (CSUSB), and its labor force alone exceeds 3,600,
making it one of the Inland Empire's largest employers. The annual economic impact of the
University was recently estimated to increase regional output by approximately $212 million and
regional earnings by almost $91 million in 1998-99. Partnerships and alliances with the
university should be utilized to promote a more competitive labor pool, as well as a regional
stimulus to economic development. Incubator firms formed by faculty, research staff, and
graduate students could provide additional jobs as well as technologies and expertise. .
CSUSB identifies among its strategies, involving the community in assessing regional needs to
identify opportunities for collaborative partnerships. CSUSB is already in the process of
beginning an academic program in engineering on its campus, as well as facilitating an extension
of Pepper-Linden to make the campus more accessible. The planned Engineering program for
the University could eventually attract industry sectors that require a highly skilled labor force,
and increase the potential for business spin-offs. Additionally, significant expansion plans for
CSUSB are in process that will further add to the university's economic impact.
o
Capturing a Share of Growing Markets. A key opportunity is potentially attracting industries
that can drive the economy and that are growing within the larger market area. With continued
expansion of rail, trucking and air transportation facilities the City could develop further as a
"hub", which will result in increased Transportation and Wholesale trade related employment.
City of San Bernardino
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Transportation is emerging as a core employment sector in the region and opportunities exist for
continued capture of Transportation related jobs. The identification and marketing of existing
and emerging clusters is critical to attracting potential businesses as well as retaining and
expanding certain key employment sectors that have traditionally located there. In addition to
Transportation and Wholesale trade, other expanding sectors include:
.
Health services, with opportunities for linkages with Lorna Linda Research Hospital
Educational services, with partnerships and alliances with CSUSB
Specialty food preparation and packaging
Light industrial and manufacturing, especially non-durable goods and services
.
.
There may be opportunities for key manufacturing and R&D facilities, such as technology,
instruments, communications equipment and medical manufacturing at a future CSUSB business
park. While there may be informal interest in a future business park at or near the campus, no
commitment to such a facility has been made thus far.
The City should also continue to work closely with the Inland Valley Development Agency
(lVDA) and San Bernardino International Airport Authority (SBIAA) in order to preserve the
airport facility and promote commerciallindustrialland uses around it. The San Bernardino
International Airport and Trade Center (SBIA TC) located at the former Norton AFB offers 0
office, industrial and aviation related space with access to rail and inter-modal facilities of the
BNSF Railroad yard. The SBIATC encompasses 14,000 acres within 3.5 miles of airport
facilities, including 3.0 million square feet of warehouse, industrial and office space available for
conversion. To date there are some 70 companies in place, including TRW, Kelly Space &
Technology and the Defense Finance & Accounting Service. There are about 991 full-time and
280 part-time jobs located at SBIA TC. About 1.5 million square feet of corporate, government,
educational and research & development space is proposed for the campus.
Expansion of Industrial Base. The strengths of the industrial market in San Bernardino are
similar to those of other Inland Empire communities, including access to multi-modal
transportation systems and the availability of large parcels of land at competitive prices with
access to service and utility infrastructure. Opportunities for industrial growth exist in the
warehouse and distribution sector, due to availability of some prime locations along the 1-215
and 1-10 highways. Large assemblages ofland exist in the northwest redevelopment project
area, some with frontage along the 1-215 that could be ideal for warehouse-distribution and light
industrial/manufacturing centers. In the long-term, there are opportunities for key manufacturing
and R&D facilities, such as technology, instruments, communications equipment and medical
manufacturing at future business parks in San Bernardino.
CSUSB is currently participating in a consortium (CORE-21) with the University of California,
Riverside (UCR), Redlands University, and the Claremont Colleges to encourage technology
transfer and high-technology business growth. CORE-21, which stands for "Connecting 0
Research and Economic Development for the 2151 Century," is a consortium of most of the
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higher educational institutions in the two-county area including community colleges. The efforts
UCR research park is a separate though related project that will have long-term benefits for San
Bernardino if it stimulates high-technology industry growth.
Expansion of Office Development. Recent data on office development activity in the Inland
Empire indicate an expanding office market. In addition to downtown infill opportunities, there
are also opportunities along Hospitality Lane at the southern end paralleling the 1-10 freeway.
Some lower density office park type development could be accommodated in the northern part of
the City along the 1-215 corridor or adjacent to CSUSB, which could be supplied with some
labor force by residential development in the northern part of the City. This type of development
could also be an effective buffer between the planned residential development to the north and
industrial uses that might locate along the 1-215.
o
Expansion and Revitalization of Retail Development. The City's position as a regional retail
center has declined due to competitive factors in the region. While the City should look to
expand regional retail opportunities, the market for new retail centers is not strong at this time.
Existing shopping centers, such as the Carousel Mall and the Inland Center, should be the focus
of revitalization efforts. As office development increases in the downtown and along Hospitality
Lane, there will be opportunities for infill retail development in these locations. In the
downtown area, the most promising retail opportunities are mixed-use projects, which could
provide strong support for both daytime and nighttime activities. There are also long-term
opportunities on the City's periphery with the eventual addition of the 1-210/1-215 intersection,
as well as in the Northern part of the City near CSUSB.
Downtown Revitalization (including Lakes and Streams project). Some of the office demand in
the City is likely to be met by in fill development in the downtown area that is compatible with
the City's long-term Downtown Revitalization strategy and the government center. This will
help reinforce the image of downtown as the center of the City. Increased employment
downtown will also provide support for retail and pedestrian oriented retail development in the
downtown. The best opportunities for downtown revitalization are mixed use residential and/or
office development projects, which will justify the addition of new retail space in the area.
Also, realization of the City's Vision 2020 project (lakes and streams) as a regional "town
center" and recreation attraction could be a significant catalyst in helping San Bernardino to
retain its regional retail position. Because of its underground lake, San Bernardino has a high
water table, which is believed to pose a danger of soil liquefaction and extreme damage and even
collapse of buildings in the event of a major earthquake. In addition, future population growth
projected for the area served by the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District will
eventually require construction of new water storage facilities. To address both ofthese
problems, the "Lakes and Streams" plan emerged to construct a surface lake or lakes to store
water. EVGntually, City officials came to agree that this plan had the potential to revitalize the
greater downtown area by clearing blighted development for a system of urban lakes and streams
surrounded by new housing, commercial uses and amenities. Two lakes would anchor it at either
o end, with a variety of water amenities spread throughout. The project is being driven by a Joint
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Powers Authority consisting of the City and the Municipal Water District, and a $1.2 million
jointly funded detailed development plan has been approved.
National Orange Show and Other Annual Events. The remarkable success the City has enjoyed
as host to the annual National Orange Show Citrus Fair and the annual Route 66 Rendezvous has
steadily attracted positive attention to the City. The consistency of these events, along with the
cultural and recreational events provided, reflect the hosting capacities of the City. The Orange
Show is a 170-acre State facility that holds the annual citrus fair and is also available for
concerts, sporting events, trade shows and exhibits.
Business and Visitor-Serving Hotel Development. The existing clusters of multi-level
government and professional offices will continue to demand a certain level of moderately priced
business hotels in the City. Although there is not strong demand for tourist type lodging, there
may be opportunities for some new modem business-serving hotels. This could be an important
fiscal benefit as hotels are a generator of transient occupancy tax (TOT), an important source of
City General Fund revenues.
Housing Supply Commensurate with Increasing Labor Force. The higher cost of housing in
Orange County is making the Inland Empire an attractive location for new residential
development. However, in the City of San Bernardino the residential development has not
generally been at the level commensurate with a higher wage labor force except in a few selected
areas. The ability to capture a labor force with higher skill and higher wage jobs will depend on
the City's image as an attractive community in which to live.
o
Enhancing City as Gatewav to Mountains and Desert. The City's access to nearby mountains
and deserts is a key attribute. Many travelers pass through the City on the way to the San
Bernardino Mountains and to the Coachella Valley desert resort communities. In addition, the
City of San Bernardino is located along the primary route to Las Vegas. If the City was able to
develop a destination attraction of some sort, this drive-by traffic could be captured along the
way to these destinations. The City is immediately surrounded by Southern California mountain
recreation locations, which provide year-round activities such as boating, hiking, camping and
skiing. Many families see the local mountains as a less expensive alternative to outdoor
vacations elsewhere. Supplying retail goods and services to these travelers could be enhanced.
Being near regional recreational attractions, the City could regain a share of the regional retail
market as well.
Economic Incentives
The Economic Development Element builds upon ongoing programs and provides a framework
to ensure that the City of San Bernardino is able to maintain a strong economic base and to take
advantage of new economic opportunities in the future. In order to expand its economic base,
the City offers a variety of programs designed to make it less expensive for firms to operate
within its boundaries. Among these incentives described below are those targeted at lowering
business costs, providing access to capital, work force preparation, and entrepreneurial 0
assistance.
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Lowerin2 Business Costs
Redevelopment Agencies. In California, cities can designate specific zones as redevelopment
areas (RDA). San Bernardino has several. The tax revenue in these areas generated by increases
in assessed valuation goes to the RDA agency, which uses the money to float and amortize
bonds. The proceeds of the bond sales are used to fund infrastructure work in the zone and
provide assistance to firms locating there. The new firms add to the RDA area's assessed
valuation, generating additional taxes. In San Bernardino, companies locating in RDA zones can
obtain infrastructure development assistance as well as receive help with traffic impact, storm
drain, and sewer connection fees.
Facade Improvements. Companies locating in existing structures in San Bernardino can obtain
grants of up to $10,000 to help with facade improvements in designated areas.
Local Agency Military Base Recovery Area. San Bernardino International Airport has been
designated a Local Area Military Base recovery area under California law. Firms locating at the
facility are this eligible for a wide variety of state Enterprise Zone incentives, including:
deductions of equipment purchased; federal & state tax credits per eligible employee in a 5-year
period, sales tax credits for new machinery purchased by manufacturers, and California income
tax exemptions from interest earned on investments in the zone.
o
Foreign Trade Zones. The San Bernardino International Airport is also a designated Foreign
Trade Zone. Firms locating within its boundaries are technically outside U.S. Customs territory.
This offers unique advantages for firms handling international cargo:
. Cash flow is improved as U.S. duty, excise taxes and customs bonds are not paid on
goods unless they leave the zone.
An imported product may qualify for "Made in the USA" label if the value added within
the zone exceeds 50% of its value. Goods subject to U.S. import quotas can be imported
and fabricated into a product not subject to import limits.
Go<?ds may be processed or altered to qualify for the lowest duties or freight charges.
. Imp'orts can be landed and stored without full customs formalities. Buyers can inspect
goods in a zone show room before purchase and payment of duties.
Access to Capital
San Bernardino County Economic & Community Development Agency Loans (ECD). San
Bernardino, County ECD provides loans of $50,000 to $500,000, to expanding business via its
Business Expansion Revolving Loan Program. Funds can be used for land and building
acquisition or construction, equipment purchases and sometimes for working capital.
The Small Business Enhancement Program. This is a San Bernardino County ECD program that
o provides $5,000 to $50,000 to small firms needing loans for building improvements, capital
City of San Bernardino
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purchases, inventory or related working capital. Companies must be over two years old, have
under $1.0 million in sales, or have five or less workers including the owner.
SBA Lending. The San Bernardino Economic Development Agency can place firms in contact
with organizations offering one-stop shopping for low-interest loans available through the Small
Business Administration. These include loan guarantees, contract financing, R&D financing and
other types of loans.
Work Force Preparation
Regional Occupational Programs. San Bernardino County has created three Regional
Occupational Programs, one of which has headquarters in the City of San Bernardino. These
programs are designed to provide access to specific training leading directly to work. Each
course offering has an industry advisory group that certifies that there is a demand for the skill
set, and works with instructors to ensure that the course content meets industry standards.
Community College Specialized Training. San Bernardino Valley College, located in San
Bernardino, is acutely aware of the need to bridge the gap between local companies and their
employees. The school is thus willing to create specialized training courses tailored to the
specific needs of individual firms. These can be conducted at the job site, in nearby facilities, or
on the college campus.
o
San Bernardino County Jobs and Employment Services. San Bernardino County conducts a
sophisticated search and employment training program to assist area citizens in entering the work
force and area companies in finding trained workers. A staff of job developers works in the field
contacting employers to both identify open jobs and to understand the employee training
requirements of the county's companies. Efforts are then made to assist companies in finding
workers and filling training needs.
San Bernardino Employment & Training Agency (SBET A). SBET A is a city agency, funded by
federal, state and grant funds that trains and finds jobs for unskilled adults and workers laid off
by downsizing and closures. The agency works closely with the local business community to
find new sources of employment, contracting with local schools, business and community based
organizations.
Entrepreneurial Assistance
One key to a growing region is the creation of new and growing companies by local
entrepreneurs. Historically, San Bernardino has produced entrepreneurs like Chester Arthur, the
man who invented the Xerox machine, and Richard and Maurice McDonald, brothers who
invented the modern fast food industry with their McDonald's Hamburger chain.
Inland Empire Small Business Development Center (SBDC). To assist local entrepreneurs, the
City of San Bernardino is a sponsor of the Inland Empire SBDC. This Inland Empire Economic 0
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Partnership affiliated organization provides a large range of services to local small firms,
including basic consulting, entrepreneurial classes, and specialized help.
Business Incubators. Under contract with the Inland Valley Development Agency, the SBDC
runs the business incubator program next to the San Bernardino International Airport. Start-up
and growing firms locating at the site pay market rents. However, they save money as access to
computer time, office equipment, conference rooms and some staff support is provided.
BIZ Net (Business Support Networks) The City's Biz Net program provides "Economic
Gardening" information and technical assistance to select businesses in the community that have
or may possess significant growth potential. Biz Net is the City's primary program for
supporting entrepreneurial growth.
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ECONOMIC GOALS AND POLICIES
I. Introduction
The following set of key goals and policy statements for the City of San Bernardino are outlined
in view of the current and anticipated market trends in the City of San Bernardino. These goals
and policies are intended to set a planning framework for the City's Commercial and Industrial
land uses in the context of market forces and draw upon the 2003-2004 Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy (CEDS). Though these strategic initiatives are not a part of any
formal policy document, they are intended to form the basis for the economic development
component of the City's General Planning efforts and could be incorporated into the Economic
Development Element of the General Plan.
II. Summary of Issues
A combination of factors including the national recession of the early 1 990s, the closure of the
Norton Air Force Base and increasing regional competitive forces in the commercial/industrial
sectors, have continued to challenge the City of San Bernardino during the last decade. The
present economic downturn, acknowledged to have begun in early 2001, is also an evolving
challenge. Among the above, the closure of Norton Air Force Base had the most adverse effect
on the City's economy. San Bernardino instantly lost the multiple levels of economic activity 0
generated by Norton Air Force Base during the last 50+ years of its presence.
Owing in significant part to loss of a number of major employers, San Bernardino has been an
economically distressed community for the better part of two decades. Deprived of these
longstanding employers and many of the ancillary businesses they supported, the community has
suffered a variety of economic and social problems. These include chronic unemployment and
concomitant need for public assistance, disinvestments in housing stock and consequent blight
and poor health conditions among many poorer residents.
Since the closure of the base that resulted in the loss .of 1 O,OO()::l: jobs, the City has been unable to
attract significant concentrations of higher quality jobs. The massive loss of jobs also affected
the reputation of the City, which is often being identified with concentrated welfare dependent
populations. There was a sudden drop in taxable retail sales, resulting in escalating retail
vacancies, loss of regional market shares and a decline in fiscal revenues. These issues have also
resulted in the City's inability to attract significant higher value residential developments or
significant improvements in existing residential sales values.
During the second half of the 1 990s, the City's circumstances began to take a turn for the better.
In part, reinvigoration stemmed from strong growth in the state and national economies.
Additionally, a new mayor has helped initiate or has endorsed a number of major economic and
community revitalization efforts over the past five years.
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III. Summary of Opportunities
Economic development is a dynamic process that increases the wealth of the community and
allows it to provide a high quality of life for its residents, businesses and organizations. The
intent is to promote and maintain a sound economic base by encouraging land uses that will
attract and retain specific economic segments ofthe market and concurrently enhance the
economic position of the community. The primary purpose ofthe economic development
process should be to identify target economic opportunities that are both realistic and compatible
with the City's long-term vision and goals. Listed below are key economic opportunities for the
City.
0 .
.
.
.
.
. Building Upon Location and Transportation Advantages
. San Bernardino International Airport and Trade Center
. Partnering and Collaborating with Local Institutions
. Labor Force Training to Promote Economic Development
. Collaboration with CSUSB to Promote Economic Development
Capturing a Share of Growing Markets
Expansion of Industrial Market
Expansion of Office Development
Expansion and Revitalization of Retail Development
Downtown Revitalization (including Lakes and Streams project)
Business-Serving Hotel Development
Gateway to Mountains and Desert
. Housing supply commensurate with labor force
IV. Summary of Major Economic Goals and Policies
The major economic goals of the Economic Element include the following:
o
. Goal 1: Encourage economic activity expanding upon the locational strengths of San
Bernardino
. Goal 2: Identify and attract new employment types/land uses that complement the
existing employment clusters and foster long-term economic growth
. Goal 3: Prevent retail sales leakage and recapture regional retail expenditure through key
sectors
. Goal 4: Prepare for oncoming economic activities through adequate infrastructure
improvements, sensible planning and a business friendly environment
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. GoalS: Clearly signal the multiple opportunity locations in San Bernardino for retail,
office, and industrial development
. Goal 6: Address blighted conditions within the City in order to attract investment in
reinvigorating the economy, and attract high-wage industry to the City
Goal 7: Ensure fiscal viability in order to provide a high level of services to the
community and finance capital projects
GOAL 1:
ENCOURAGE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EXPANDING UPON THE
EXISTING AND ONCOMING LOCATIONAL STRENGTHS OF SAN
BERNARDINO
Expand on the concept of a "Transcontinental Hub"
Policy 1.1.1:
Policy 1.1.2:
Policy 1.1.3:
Retain and expand trucking, warehousing and distribution opportunities.
Attract warehousing/distribution centers, while addressing long-term
impacts of intermodal and related transportation activities (i.e., increased
truck traffic, street maintenance, and noise).
Attract industrial users with "multi-modal" needs.
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Integrate long-range plans as outlined in the 2002 ten-year master-development agreement for
the San Bernardino International Airport (SBIA TC) as part of the City's overall revitalization
efforts
Policy 1.2.1:
Policy 1.2.2:
Pursue airport development with a focus on transforming the area into a
commercial aviation center with ancillary industrial and warehouse
facilities.
Attract commercial passenger and air cargo business
Capitalize on the frontages and properties visibility along the 1-215, 1-10 and SR-30 to attract
larger high value employers
Policy 1.3.1:
Policy 1.3.2:
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Discourage subdivision of larger industrial land parcels with freeway
frontage.
Protect some large parcels with frontage along the 1-10 and 1-215 for high
value manufacturing/R&D establishments.
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Optimize existing redevelopment project areas to identify and prioritize development
opportunities
Policy ].4.1 :
Policy 1.4.2:
Policy ] .4.3:
Policy ] .4.4:
Policy ] .4.5:
Policy ] .4.6:
Concentrate on the Southeast Industrial Park in the near term to attract
high value employers.
Deve]op the Northwest and the State College (west of 1-2] 5)
redevelopment areas as high value industria]IR&D uses.
Enhance Downtown as a Public/Government sector core.
Seek development opportunities to the west of 1-215 in the vicinity of the
Santa Fe rail depot.
Promote revitalization of the Carouse] Mall Downtown through a mixture
of land uses, such as additional office and mixed-use space that may not
necessarily include retail.
Expand minor league baseball stadium by building a three-story Stadium
Business Park office complex and parking structure.
Consistently market industrial vacancies and new opportunity sites in the City in order to
maintain occupancies at higher than the regional average
Policy ] .5.]:
Policy 1.5.2:
Diversify industria] use mix with a balance of warehousing/ distribution,
manufacturing and R&D uses.
Attract non-polluting light manufacturing and assembly uses to industrial
infill and buffer sites. Examples include high value printing and
publishing, light packaging etc.
Expand/Invest in high-speed communications infrastructure to attract
technology oriented users.
Retain and lexpand the Government/Pub]ic Office cluster
Policy 1.5.3:
Policy 1.6.1:
Policy 1.6.2:
Policy 1.6.3:
City of San Bernardino
Maintain strong intergovernmental relations with public sector agencies to
be up to date with their needs.
Attract public sector tenants to occupy historic/adaptive reuse projects.
Continue to specialize in regional/district offices focused on very large
Federal/State assets and environment a] protection (e.g. USFS;
CALTRANS; etc.).
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Positively define and capitalize on available workforce skill capabilities to attract new employers
Policy 1.7.1:
Policy 1. 7 .2:
Policy 1.7.3:
Policy 1.7.4:
Define and market the regional labor force, within commuting distance
from San Bernardino. (30 minutes, or 30 miles radius.)
Attract large employers with bilingual labor force needs and modest skills.
Examples include Call Centers and Billing Centers.
Provide tax incentives and technical assistance to encourage home based
businesses/offices.
Promote bilingual capacities of the resident labor force as an asset.
Partner with the existing educational institutions to effectively deliver job-training programs to
residents
Policy 1.8. I:
Policy 1.8.2:
Policy 1.8.3:
Policy 1.8.4:
Identify training and labor force needs of oncoming employment sectors to
successfully forge partnerships with both employers and educational
institutions and produce results.
Provide vocational training opportunities to the resident labor force in
conjunction with the Community College and CSUSB.
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Pursue development of joint incubator projects sponsored! fostered by
CSUSB and private entities.
Partner with CSUSB to create an endowment and attract funds towards the
formation of an engineering school.
Expand on historic and the natural (Gateway to the mountains and deserts) assets to attract
recreational visitors. Stimulate hotel occupancies to achieve performance consistent with the
regional market.
Policy 1.9.1:
Policy 1.9.2:
Policy 1.9.3:
Policy 1.9.4:
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Continue to promote 'identity-building' events. Examples include 'Route
66', 'Citrus' etc.
Promote the Santa Fe Depot District with mixed-use potential and as the
primary historic preservation district in the City with connection to
downtown. Market the Santa Fe Depot as a destination with easy
connections via the Metrolink.
Develop Arrowhead Springs conference center, as an attractive hotel,
conference and residential development.
Build on the 'Gateway to the Mountains' theme to attract overnight
visitors.
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Policy 1.9.5:
Enhance and intensify recreational uses at The National Orange Show,
connecting it with the surrounding area and expanding allowable uses on
the site (e.g. conference center, water feature).
Policy 1.9.6:
Seek collection of unique differentiated retailers/"ouffitters" and related
services providers as a cluster of specialties which can maintain market
draw and sustain regional reputation (e.g. "mountain stores"; trucking
training; information centers; etc.).
GOAL 2:
IDENTIFY AND ATTRACT NEW EMPLOYMENT TYPES/LAND USES
THAT COMPLEMENT THE EXISTING EMPLOYMENT CLUSTERS
AND FOSTER LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH
Focus on developing the export-oriented economic capacity of the City. Cultivate the growth of
'production businesses' (i.e., manufacturing and service firms), which export output to state,
national and global markets, as well as 'clustering' or concentration of a specific industry or
industries in San Bernardino.
Policy 2.1.1 :
Expand the City's industrial base and manufacturing-related employment.
Policy 2.1.2:
Expand through business attraction and local business development,
private sector export activity whether manufacturing, high-value services,
transportation and logistics, high-tech, or similar higher-paying industry
clusters.
Policy 2.1.3:
Attract high-technology businesses to the City, focusing on Lorna Linda
University Medical Center, a research university with some interest in
technology and transfer and commercialization.
Policy 2.1.4:
Encourage and facilitate growth of technology businesses and related
industry around the campus, working in cooperation with the University
Administration. This would include the potential business/tech park that
would abut CSUSB. This facility would serve as a new economic and
employment hub in the north end of the City, capitalizing on the unique
educational and research assets of the campus.
Build on the GovemmentlPublic sector cluster to attract and retain dependent employment
sectors.
Policy 2.2.1 :
Identify specific clusters of economic activity to target for recruitment
(e.g. seek additional public and proprietary educational institutions and
technology education).
Policy 2.2.2:
Explore potential for attracting next generation of public and private land
resorts technologies and information center functions.
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Policy 2.2.3:
Policy 2.2.4:
Policy 2.2.5:
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Attract Federal and private training center functions for SBIA, including
aerial forest fire suppression, regional air marshals training; airlines flight
crew training; law enforcement aircraft operations training; etc.
Define the evolution of upcoming services clusters which interact with
governments, and their continuing likelihood of locating adjacent to
governments in the downtown (e.g. legal offices; accounting/auditing
firms; design and engineering firms; finance-insurance, real estate services
firms; etc.). Develop a program to retain and attract such firms and
employment.
Market hosting capacities for business/public events. Develop hotel/motor
inn capacities - thematically different from Ontario cluster.
Build on the Health Care clusters to attract and retain related employment sectors
Policy 2.3.1:
Policy 2.3.2:
Policy 2.3.3:
Policy 2.3.4:
Work with area educational institutions to expand medical technology
education and training programs. Identify programs and facilities funding
sources to commit to such training
Explore medical specialties (biomed; biotech; medical devices; etc.) as
part of any research park proposal. This venture should also include needs
being identified adjacent to the Lorna Linda Medical Center
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Consider medical office opportunities as compatible land uses adjacent to
existing heath and educational institutions
Examine opportunities for concentrating regional forensics laboratories.
Build on the Transportation/Communication clusters to attract and retain dependent employment
sectors
Policy 2.4.1 :
Policy 2.4.2:
Policy 2.4.3:
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Trucking and warehousing opportunities should be allowed by defining
potentially compatible land uses adjacent to prime industrial sites,
especially those with freeway frontages.
Fund key surface transportation improvements including new interchanges
along 1-215 in the northwest.
Improve access from the 1-10 to the Airport Industrial complex along
Waterman, Tippecanoe and Mill.
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GOAL 3:
PREVENT RETAIL SALES LEAKAGE AND RECAPTURE REGIONAL
RET AIL EXPENDITURE THROUGH KEY SECTORS
Capture an increasing percentage of the day-to-day shopping needs ofthe resident population
Policy3.l.l:
Allow for mixed-use retail residential projects where appropriate, with a
focus on providing community oriented retail on site. Explore co-
development (with lands, advocacy, or marketing efforts) with CSUSB
Policy 3.1.2:
Promote downtown revitalization with mixed-use residential and/or office
development projects, which will justify the addition of new retail space in
this area.
Increase regional retail capture levels commensurate with market area disposable income
Policy 3.2.1:
Look favorably upon, and incentivize developers and tenants who will
draw retail sales from the broader region (without the liability of state
imposed sales tax sharing).
Policy 3.2.2:
Place major retail 'name' stores along visible transportation routes to
expand retail sales capture from the larger market area.
GOAL 4:
PREPARE FOR ONCOMING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THROUGH
ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS, SENSIBLE
PLANNING AND A BUSINESS FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT
Identify and prioritize infrastructure investments
Policy 4.1.1 :
Undertake strategic capital improvements planning and prioritize
investments. This will allow development to anticipate the location and
timing of infrastructure improvements.
Policy 4.1.2:
Identify and mitigate flood and groundwater up-swell risks to maximize
development opportunities.
Capitalize on the underground lake owned by the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water
District
Policy 4.2.1 :
Undertake strategic planning that will allow the City to take advantage of
this asset through potential sale of water to Southern California.
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GOAL 5:
CLEARLY SIGNAL THE MULTIPLE OPPORTUNITY LOCATIONS IN
SAN BERNARDINO FOR RETAIL, OFFICE, AND INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Strongly identify the corridors and nodes as development (not "redevelopment") locations
Policy 5.1.1:
Policy 5.1.2:
Designate "Prime Properties, Clusters and Corridors" (e.g. SBIA,
Southeast Industrial Park, Hospitality Lane, "College Park," "Downtown,"
"Foothill/Northwest," etc.).
Define the property and entitlement opportunities for each Prime Property
Cluster and Corridor via Internet web page marketing (with private
property owner/developer partners).
GOAL 6:
ADDRESS BLIGHTED CONDITIONS WITHIN THE CITY IN ORDER
TO ATTRACT INVESTMENT IN REINVIGORATING THE ECONOMY,
AND ATTRACT HIGH-WAGE INDUSTRY TO THE CITY
Policy 6.1.1 :
Policy 6.1.2:
Incorporate the "Lakes and Streams" Downtown Revitalization Project as
a long-term, strategic solution to blight. This project would include two
lakes and residential developments with water amenities spread
throughout.
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Focus on obtaining the necessary resources to implement a long-term
strategy for containing and eliminating blight, as prepared by the
Beautification Action Team (BAT), a cross-departmental city unit.
GOAL 7:
ENSURE FISCAL VIABILITY IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A HIGH LEVEL
OF SERVICES TO THE COMMUNITY AND FINANCE CAPITAL
PROJECTS
Policy 7.1.1 :
Policy 7.1.2:
Policy 7.1.3:
Policy 7.1.4:
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Address the availability of new financing sources to supplement the
primary revenues for both capital facility costs and ongoing operations and
maintenance costs.
Expand opportunities by encouraging an appropriate mix of revenue-
generating land uses to maintain a competitive edge and a strong sales tax
base.
Continue to maximize opportunities that generate taxable sales in targeted
growth areas.
Promote and encourage mixed-use commercial-residential projects where
appropriate.
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Policy 7.1.5:
City of San Bernardino
Annually evaluate the City's overall fiscal performance through a
monitoring program that tracks the City's annual retail and non-retail
taxable sales performance.
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Appendix 11. Tippecanoe Infrastructure Analysiss
Appendix 11
Tippecanoe Baseline Infrastructure Plan
Under a Separate Cover. Contact the City of San Bernardino
Development Services Department to obtain a copy.
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Appendix 12. Environmental Impact Reports
Appendix 12
Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Under a Separate Cover. Contact the City of San Bernardino
Development Services Department to obtain a copy.
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
Appendix 13
Historic Context
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The following report was prepared by San Buenaventura Research Associates as background and
context for Chapter II, Historical and Archaeological Resources, of the General Plan.
Historic Context
The seven prehistoric and historic periods described below correspond to the broad
developmental themes encountered in California as a whole. These themes were refined and
localized with specific brackets of years reflecting the defining historical events, which marked
major changes in the physical and cultural landscape. Examples of the types of historic
properties which were typically produced by the historic periods are listed as potential property
types, meaning that the likelihood for encountering these types of resources within the City of
San Bernardino is substantial.
Prehistoric
The first inhabitants ofthe San Bernardino Valley were Native Americans who may have settled
along the Santa Ana River as early as 8000 BC. Natives living in the valley when the Spanish
arrived were Uto-Aztecan, Takic speakers, possibly including groups known as Serrano, Luisefio
and Gabrielefio. Later, a Mountain Cahuilla group, under the leadership of Juan Antonio, was
brought to the valley by the local Spanish family to work their rancho. The only local Native 0
American community in existence at present is the San Manuel Indian Reservation on the
northern city boundary.
Prehistoric sites within the planning area represent at least three periods of Native American
occupation: The Milling Stone, Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric periods, dating from ca. 3000
BC to the mid-nineteenth century AD. These prehistoric sites include food procurement sites,
specialized lithic technology sites and seasonal habitation sites. Archeological remains of those
villages have been discovered throughout the county and some of the sites have been recognized
as Points of Interest and as Historical Landmarks.
Mission (1769-1822)
This historical period constitutes the first organized attempt on the part of Europeans to colonize
the remote western extent ofthe New World. The Mission/PueblolPresidio triad, a settlement
strategy representing the clerical, civilian and military authority ofthe Spanish Crown, was
implemented during the decades following the overland exploratory expeditions of Alta
California conducted by Gasper de Porto hi in 1769-70. Although the Missions are the most
obvious surviving evidence of the period, other artifacts related to this period are known to
remain in some areas.
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The first documented Spanish settlement within the San Bernardino valley was established in
1810. The site of this settlement was dedicated by Fray Francisco Dumetz as the Rancho de San
Bernardino of Mission San Gabriel. Its location is regarded by some historians to have been near
the confluence of Lytle Creek, Warm Creek, and the Santa Ana River, a location within the
present-day City of San Bernardino. In 1812, after a severe earthquake, a new hot mud spring
appeared near the settlement, at what later became known as De Sienna hot springs. This event
created apprehension among the non-Christian native population, who subsequently attacked the
settlement, killed Christian neophytes and destroyed buildings. The Spanish padres abandoned
their capilla, or chapel, and returned to Mission San Gabriel. For the next six years, only native
settlements appear to have existed within the valley.
In 1819, in response to raids from hostile natives, local Indians requested the return of Spanish
padres. A second Rancho de San Bernardino was established at a site known as the Guachama
rancheria, located a few miles east of the possible original settlement in what is now the City of
Lorna Linda. Two years later, in 1821, a branch of Mission San Gabriel, known as the San
Bernardino Asistencia, was established one and a half miles to the east of the Guachama
rancheria within the present boundaries of the City of Redlands. From this branch mission, the
development of agriculture within the valley began. Water was transported via a ten-mile ditch,
known as the Zanja, from Mill Creek to irrigate olive trees and vineyards. With the transition of
political power from Spanish authority to Mexican control in 1822, attitudes toward land
ownership and use underwent a major shift. From the period of initial settlement in 1810 to 1839,
sole control over lands in the valley was in the hands of the church.
Potential properly types:
adobes
mission outbuildings
transportation routes
aboriginal villages
water systems, ditches
tanneries
Rancho (1822-1847)
Mexico's independence from Spain, and the political disarray which followed, resulted in the
Mexican gqvemment's diminished will to retain active interests in Alta California. The Mission
system was abandoned, and the lands granted to Mexican loyalists, and to a lesser extent, Anglo
settlers. Land use during this period was characterized primarily by extensive cattle ranching and
limited dry farming conducted over a wide expanse of Southern California.
In 1839 Don Antonio Mario Lugo petitioned Perfect Pena of Los Angeles to request Governor
Juan Bautista Alvarado for approval of an application to colonize land between present-day San
Bernardino and Yucaipa. The grant was approved in 1842, and the property was named the
. ~ABiB1Jf~'~V~N:r~rf^1
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'111SToiUE:: RESQUIKES ;.CON5UtTINGI
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Rancho San Bernardino. The Lugo family began developing their new land grant, relocating
approximately 4,000 cattle and horses from their San Antonio Rancho in Los Angeles. They
erected an adobe house at Agua Caliente, near the present-day San Bernardino County
Courthouse in downtown San Bernardino; and Vicente Lugo built a second home near the site of
the De Sienna hot springs.
In 1843 Governor Manuel Micheltorena was petitioned to grant approximately 30,000 acres to
Michael White (Miguel Blanco). The new land grant was approved and named Rancho
Muscupiabe, occupying most of the northwestern portion ofthe present-day City of San
Bernardino. Blanco built a "fortress-like adobe" near the mouth of Cajon canyon. Nine months
after moving to this new home, an attack forced him to abandon the rancho.
Fortunately for the valley, eastern emigrants traveling overland through the Mojave Desert first
glimpsed the western plains of Southern California as they emerged from Cajon Canyon. Some
were greeted by the Lugo's at the San Bernardino Rancho, and some undoubtedly returned to
establish permanent residences. The gold rush also provided the ranchos with opportunities to
provision emigrants and northern settlements with livestock and other agricultural commodities.
Potential property types:
adobes/ranchos
transportation routes
aboriginal villages
walls and fences
water systems
mmes
agricultural outbuildings
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Anglo-Mexican (1851-1882)
Mexico's tenuous hold on Alta California came to an end with the Mexican-American War of
1846-48. The influx ofEuro-Americans during the decades immediately thereafter rapidly
overwhelmed Hispanic cultural influences in Northern California; however, the far less frenzied
migration of Euro-Americans to Southern California during this period produced a polyglot
Anglo-Hispanic culture. Urban settlements tended to coalesce around the previous centers of
Spanish colonial life and commerce: the mission, pueblos and presidios. Rancho life dwindled as
disputes erupted over rancho land titles, and a series of drought years drained the profitability
from cattle and sheep ranching.
In 1851 the western portion of the San Bernardino Rancho, including some 37,700 acres, was
sold to a group of 500 newly arrived settlers from the Mormon Battalion. Near the site of the
Lugo family adobe, the Mormons erected a stockaded settlement called Fort San Bernardino
composed of over 50 buildings, located near the present-day site of the San Bernardino County
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Courthouse. In 1852, Mormon brothers Amasa Lyman and Charles Rich staked the center of a
new urban settlement, which was to become the City of San Bernardino.
The town-site of San Bernardino was surveyed by Henry G. Sherwood in 1853, the same
engineer who laid out Salt Lake City. The city was one mile square, with a grid of wide streets
forming the boundaries of eight-acre blocks. One block was designated as the Mormon Plaza,
now known as Pioneer Park. The east-west streets were numbered one to ten from south to north,
as they remain designated today, while the north-south streets received names, all of which were
subsequently changed.
In 1854 San Bernardino became incorporated as a city, one year after the County of San
Bernardino was split from the counties of San Diego and Los Angeles. Its population consisted
of approximately 1,200 inhabitants, 75 percent of whom were Mormon. Over the next few years,
the character of the city reflected the values of its chief inhabitants; but in 1857, Mormons from
across the country were recalled to Utah. Approximately 75 percent ofthe Mormons in San
Bernardino returned to Utah, with approximately 30-50 families deciding to remain.
Unsettled and unclaimed property of approximately 8,000 acres was purchased by William Conn
and Associates who subdivided the land and sold it to the settlers. The agricultural character of
the valley, established during the Mexican and Mormon periods, continued to dominate the local
economy. However, with continued development of the timber and mineral resources ofthe
mountains and desert, the character of the city slowly emerged as a regional commercial center.
During the 1860s and 1870s the community grew slowly with a number of groups forming
including t~e drama, library and temperance associations. The Methodist Church was established
I
in 1863 followed by the Congregational Church in 1867. The small nucleus of the town included
two hotels and several large businesses. A stagecoach ran regularly between San Bernardino and
Los Angeles with mule-drawn freight wagons arriving from Salt Lake and other eastern cities.
San Bernardino's early routes as a transportation and freight center began at this time and
escalated with the arrival of the railroad. The mining trade served as a modest stimulus to the
growth of the city as a supply center and staging area.
Potential properly types:
adobes
commercial buildings
water systems
town-sites
agricultural outbuildings
wood frame and brick dwellings
mills
transportation routes
public buildings
churches
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!Appendix 13 Historic Context. doc
5
III
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Euro-Americanization (1883-1916)
The connection of Southern California to the national railroad network in 1876 gave rise to a
period of unprecedented regional growth and development. A mass migration from the Eastern
United States and Europe beginning in 1885 was precipitated by a rate war between the Southern
Pacific and Santa Fe railroads, and by the heavy promotion of the Southern California climate,
agricultural potential and arcadian image-frequently by the railroads themselves. The real estate
speculative bubble deflated abruptly in 1888, but not before scores of town-sites had been platted
along the Southern Pacific rail lines. By the close of this period, the rail system in Southern
California would be completed and the economic foundation for future growth firmly
established.
The arrival of the railroad provided better and faster access for the farmers to bring crops to
market. Packing houses and warehouses were built along the railroad corridors. The railroads
also provided access to the county for tourists and immigrants alike. With the completion of rail
connections between the desert and Los Angeles in 1887 by the Santa Fe Railroad, San
Bernardino soon developed into a railhead boom town. Commercial enterprises dominated the
urban landscape, with emphasis upon service and retail establishment, while industrial
enterprises supported agricultural development. In 1890 a horse-drawn streetcar was established
to bring visitors to the health resort at the Arrowhead Springs Hotel where visitors partook of the
hot mineral water and mud baths. 0
The city's development has been closely linked with that ofthe Santa Fe Railroad and its
important railroad shops and yards. By 1900 more than 85% of the city's population was directly
employed by the railroad, despite increased industrial and agricultural development in the
following decades.
With the center ofthe city established near the location ofthe Lugo's Agua Caliente rancho
adobe, the commercial core ofthe City of San Bernardino grew slowly to the east, west, and
north. Downtown businesses included hotels, restaurants, saloons, retail shops, and small
service-oriented businesses. Property to the south, closer to the Santa Ana River, appears to have
remained primarily agricultural. To the west of the core, transportation related industries
developed around the Santa Fe rail yard. To the north and east of the core, relatively small
agricultural farms and ranches dominated the landscape. Service industries slowly intermingled
with the eastern farms, while farms to the north developed into the primary residential district of
the city.
San Bernardino residents enjoyed cultural activities especially the Opera House first built to seat
900 in 1883 and enlarged to 1400 seats in 1912. Playing to sold-out audiences were such notable
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
performers as Lillian Russell, AI Jolson, George M. Cohan and Sara Bernhardt. By 1926 the
Opera House, no longer in vogue, was replaced by movie theaters.
Between 1900 and 1910 the population doubled from 6,150 to 12,799. During this time a City
Hall was constructed in 1901 on the corner of Third and D streets and a public library was built
on Fourth and D streets. The San Bernardino High School was also built around this time. In
1910 the San Bernardino Chamber of Commerce was organized followed by the first National
Orange Show in 1911. This popular show was held every year at the fairgrounds.
Potential properly types:
wood frame and brick dwellings
commercial blocks
churches
agricultural outbuildings
objects
railroad rights-of-way
public buildings
industrial buildings
packing houses
street car lines
roads
town-sites
mills
rail-related buildings, structures,
railroad depots
bridges
warehouses
stables
Regional Culture (1917-1945)
This period is characterized by the establishment of a well-defined regional image in economic,
social and cultural terms. Between 1920 and 1930 the population grew from 18,000 to 50,000.
The city expanded outward from the center core to accommodate this growth. In some cases
older buildings in the downtown were remodeled or replaced with new commercial buildings,
including the Garner Block on W. Court Street, the Anderson Building and a new Harris
Company Department Store both built in 1927. A new San Bernardino County Courthouse was
constructed,in 1927 as well. In 1929 the Heritage Building was constructed. The California
Theater was built in 1928 followed by the Ritz Theater around 1930. Many ofthese new
.
buildings took on the prevalent styles of the period: Spanish Colonial Revival, Mediterranean
and Classical Revival. New schools were built including the Casa Ramona School in 1925 and
San Bernardino College in 1927.
During the Depression era of the 1930s new construction slowed. However, several public
buildings were constructed at this time, some with New Deal funding. Works Progress
Administration (WP A) funds were used to build the auditoriums at San Bernardino High School
and Valley College and to restore the Asistencia Mission. Other public buildings constructed
. ~S^RJ50E~~YEfnOrfA~
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HISTORIC RES2URCES''? CONSULTINGt
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City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 13 Historic Contex1.doc
7
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during this period were the Department of Public Health and the Public Defendant Building, both
built around 1935 on Mountain View Avenue, and the San Bernardino Cultural Center and Fire
Hall on E Street, built around 1933.
At the end ofthe 1930s, the Arrowhead Springs Resort Hotel burned for the second time. In
1939 a new hotel was built. Maurice and Richard McDonald opened the first McDonalds'
hamburger restaurant in San Bernardino in 1940. By the 1940s, one-quarter ofthe City's
population of 40,000 was employed by the Santa Fe Railroad. However, with the advent of
World War II, the development and expansion of Norton Air Force Base on the grounds ofthe
San Bernardino Municipal Airport rapidly replaced the railroad as the city's leading economic
contributor.
San Bernardino continued to serve as a regional transportation center from the early days of the
wagon trains and railroads through the 20th century development ofthe automobile and truck
routes. Route 66 was built through the city following the completion of the highway from
Chicago to Santa Monica between 1926 and 1937. In San Bernardino the route roughly traveled
over the Cajon Pass and down Mt. Vernon Street to Fifth Street where it headed west. Today,
most of Route 66 has been replaced by the 1-15 in San Bernardino.
Potential property types:
wood frame and brick dwellings
commercial blocks
churches
roads, highways
airports
military facilities
warehouses
railroad depots, associated buildings
industrial & manufacturing buildings
movie theaters
public buildings
roadside commercial buildings
o
Postwar Suburbanization and Cold War (1946-present)
Following the Second World War, the military presence in San Bernardino continued, as the
Army Air Field/San Bernardino Air Force Base became one ofthree major maintenance facilities
for jet engines. The base was transferred to the US Air Force in 1948 and was renamed Norton
Air Force Base in 1950. Operations expanded to provide maintenance, storage, and logistics
support for various missile programs. In 1966 the base became home to the 63rd Military Airlift
Wing and Headquarters for the Aerospace Audiovisual Services. The base was selected for
closure in 1988 and closed in 1994.
Commercial growth continued throughout the city. Kaiser Steel opened a plant in nearby Fontana
in the early 1940s. With continuing development, agriculture began to disappear from the San
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
Bernardino Valley. The completion of the interstate highway (original Route 66) through San
Bernardino, and the new state freeways provided opportunities for development and enabled
commuting.
During the 1960s, the population of San Bernardino reached nearly 100,000. The city continued
its expansion to the north and east. New shopping malls, churches and schools were built. A new
public library building was constructed on 4th Street and Arrowhead, and the California Theater
became the Civic Light Opera. California State College at San Bernardino was created in 1965.
With the decline of the Central Business District in the 1950s, the Redevelopment Agency was
established in 1952 in order to revitalize the city. Redevelopment projects occurred near
Meadowbrook Park and in the downtown business district with the opening of the Central City
Mall in the early 1970s. A new city hall and convention center were completed in 1973. In 1984
the San Bernardino County building was constructed.
In 1977 the City of San Bernardino Historical Society was founded for the preservation of
historical landmarks and artifacts, and in 1981 the organization moved into the historic Judge
George E. Otis residence built in 1891 and donated to the organization by the Santa Fe Federal
Savings and Loan and the Pacific Savings and Loan. The building was restored as the "Heritage
House" and is now run by the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, the two
groups having merged in 1982. In 1985 a new Central City Library opened, called the Feldheym
Library in honor of longtime library board member Rabbi Norman Feldheym. The population in
1985 was 185,000. In 1990-91 the Santa Fe Railroad relocated its offices and the city lost a
major employer. In 1994 the closure of the Norton Air Force Base brought further economic
downturn to the community.
Potelltial property types:
wood frame dwellings
commercial blocks
freeways
aerospace buildings
multiple unit dwellings
public buildings
bridges
industrial & manufacturing buildings
subdivisions
shopping malls, strip malls
!Appendix 13 Historic Context. doc 9
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Historic Preservation Incentives
The various direct economic incentives available to promote historic preservation activities vary
depending on the types of historic designations applied to a property. The following is a list of
those incentives and which designations apply.
a. City Historic landmark/district or listed in an historic slIrvEJ-'
b. State historic landmark, California Register of Historical Resources
c. National RegisTer of Historic Places liSTed property or district
State Historic Building Code (a, b and c)
The State Historical Building Code of 1979 with amendments 1988 and 1990 (SHBC) located in
Part 8 of Title 24 of the California Administrative Code is an alternative building code providing
equivalent life safety standards for repairs, alterations and additions necessary for the
preservation of historic buildings. The renovation of historic buildings is often complicated by
the requirements for older buildings to meet the standards of modem building codes whose
regulations are designed for state-of-the-art construction technologies.
The SHBC allows building officials considerable latitude in applying the Uniform Building Code
to historic buildings, and permits the building official to recognize the structural values of
archaic building materials and techniques. This flexibility can reduce the costs of rehabilitation
and insure that the process of achieving code compliance does not unnecessarily compromise a
building's historic character.
o
The SHBC is one of the most broadly available tools, and is applicable to buildings that have
been recognized locally as being of historic importance, though not necessarily listed as
landmarks.
Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits (c only)
The Economic Recovery Act of 1981 created major new incentives to encourage the
rehabilitation of Federally certified historic buildings. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 revised the
tax incentives for preservation. The currently available tax credits amount to ten percent of
rehabilitation expenditures for commercial buildings over 50 years in age, or 20 percent for
certified historic structures. At least 20 percent of the property must be used for income-
producing purposes, either residential-rental, commercial, or industrial.
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
Historic Preservation Easements (a, b and c)
One of the most time-tested strategies for historic preservation is the historic preservation
easement. An easement insures the preservation of a property's significant architectural and
natural (if any) features while allowing the owner to continue to occupy and use the property
subject to the provisions of the easement. A preservation easement is created by deed and is
typically donated or sold to a public or private preservation organization. Either the agency or a
qualified preservation group can hold title to the easement, which allows the property owner a
one-time tax deduction and the owner the right to review any changes to features covered by the
easement.
Property Tax Reductions (a, b and c)
The Mills Act, adopted in 1972 and amended in 1984, provides for a reduction in property taxes
on an historic property when certain conditions are met. Owners of designated historic properties
must enter into a preservation contract directly with the local government in which the owners
agree to restore the property if necessary, maintain its historic character, and use it in a manner
compatible with the historic character. Use of the Mills Act requires that this contract be
professionally prepared.
Local govelJ1l11ents have the option to choose which properties are suitable for the incentive by
evaluating various factors including the significance of the building to the community,
development pressure on the site, or the need for rehabilitation.
Preservation grants (c only)
The National Historic Preservation Act (NHP A) provides for the State of California and the
Federal Government to appropriate funds for the rehabilitation of historic buildings listed on the
National Register of Historic Places. These are distributed on a competitive basis and require a
50/50 match. Other grants are available from time to time directly to National Register
properties. The availability of these grants depends upon the level of available Federal funding.
Two NHP A grant programs are available for preservation purposes through local governments:
the Historic Preservation Fund and the Certified Local Government Programs. These grants are
mainly used for conducting surveys, National Register applications and architectural drawings.
California Heritage Fund
The California Heritage Fund was established by act of the California Legislature in 1993 as a
vehicle for the acceptance and dispersal of historic preservation funds statewide. The Fund,
administered by the Office of Historic Preservation, is mandated to support a wide range of
-S1\]rlSaffRA\r[~TORA~
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riISTOKIC<', RES2URm ':' CONSUlTING
;!J,~n'::'\YooolAHD_D'IH~. SANTA r AUlA.q.J.?2iCL.
City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 13 Historic Context. doc
11
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historic preservation activities through competitive grant applications. At present, however,
eligibility criteria have not been developed and stable funding sources have not been established.
Marks Historical Rehabilitation Act (a, b and c)
This act provides authority for cities, counties and redevelopment agencies in California to issue
tax-exempt revenue bonds for the purpose of financing historical rehabilitation of buildings of
local, state or national significance. The act specifies the conditions and criteria under which the
bonds can be issued.
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) (a, b and c)
The purpose of Transfer of Development Rights, broadly defined, is:
...to relieve the market pressure that threatens low density uses, such as landmarks, with
construction of high-density buildings that provide a greater economic return. The concept is
similar to "urban amenity" bonus programs that permit greater densities when certain open space
or public places are provided with the development. Development Rights Transfer considers the
historic building the "urban amenity" and, using an enlarged area around the immediate
development parcel, allows density or development transfer to other parcels within a designated
district in return for preservation of the historic building. (California Office of Planning and 0
Research, 1976: 48)
Transfer of development rights programs can be utilized in San Bernardino as a tool for partially
relieving the pressure to develop historic areas by transferring the rights to increase densities in
historic areas to non-historic areas.
Zoning Incentives (a, b and c)
Zoning can serve as either an important preservation tool or a detriment to historic preservation
activities. This universally employed mechanism for directing land use patterns can be used to
promote the preservation of historic landmarks and districts. Downzoning in an area where a
potential historic district exists, for example, may assist in the preservation and stabilization of
single-family residences, whereas higher land use densities may lead to the replacement of
single-family residences with multifamily developments.
Typical adjuncts to traditional zoning are intermediate plans and adopted development standards.
Intermediate plans, such as specific plans, are commonly adopted to direct development within
relatively small portions of a jurisdiction, such as a neighborhood or commercial development,
and amplify and enhance the basic underlying zoning requirements. Development standards, on
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
the other hand, tend to apply to an entire jurisdiction, and mayor may not be adopted by
ordinance.
In the City of San Bernardino, zoning ordinance regulations, intermediate plans and development
standards can be designed to promote historic preservation activities by providing relief from
regulations that create disincentives for the preservation of historic properties. Areas where these
disincentives may now occur are in non-conforming use and building regulations, onsite parking,
landscaping, signage, lot coverage and second-unit standards.
Community Development Block Grants (a, b and c)
These federal funds are used primarily by communities for housing and commercial facade
rehabilitation. They may also be used for historic preservation projects, such as the rehabilitation
of a local public landmark or National Register property, and conducting historic resources
surveys. The City should consider including historic preservation projects as part of their CDBG
program. Federally funded projects are subject to Section 106 Review and must utilize the
Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines for rehabilitating buildings listed on the National Register
or determined potentially eligible for listing on the National Register.
!Appendix 13 Historic Context. doc 13
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Glossary of Historic Preservation Terminology
Archaeological District. An area defined by a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity
of sites.
Archaeological Site. A bounded area of real property containing archeological deposits or
features, defined in part by the character and location of such deposits or features.
Building. A building, such as a house, barn, church, hotel, or similar construction, which is
created principally to shelter any form of human activity.
Certified Local Government (CLG). A local government officially certified to carry out some
of the purposes of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended.
Culture. A linkage of people possessing shared values, beliefs, and historical associations,
coupling social institutions and physical materials necessary for collective survival.
Cultural Resources. See historical resources.
Conservation. The act of preserving, guarding or protecting. The official care and protection of
natural resources, such as forests.
o
District. A district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites,
buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical
development.
Historic Context. An organizing structure for interpreting history that groups information about
historical resources sharing a common theme, common geographical area, or a common
chronology. The development of historic context is a foundation for decisions about the
planning, identification, evaluation, registration, and treatment of historical resources, based
upon comparative historic significance.
Historical Resource. Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript
which is historically or archaeologically significant, or which is significant in the architectural,
engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural
history of California.
Integrity. Authenticity ofa property's historic identity, evidenced by the survival of physical
characteristics that existed during the property's historic or prehistoric period.
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
National Register of Historic Places, The National Register. The official inventory of
districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects significant in American history, architecture,
archeology and culture, maintained by the Secretary of the Interior under the authority of the
Historic Sites Act of 1935 and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (amended). (16
USC 470-470t. 36 CFR Secs. 60-63).
National Register Criteria. The federally established standards for evaluating the eligibility of
properties for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.
Object. The term "object" is used to distinguish from buildings and structures those
constructions that are primarily artistic in nature or are relatively small in scale and simply
constructed, such as a sculpture or fountain.
Preservation (treatment). The act or process of applying measures to sustain the existing form,
integrity, or historic fabric of an historical building or structure or the existing form and
vegetative cover of a site. It may include stabilization work, as well as ongoing maintenance of
the historic fabric.
Protection (treatment). The act or process of applying measures to affect the physical condition
of an historical resource by guarding it from deterioration, loss or attack by natural causes or to
cover or shield it from threat of danger or harm. In the case of buildings or structures these
measures are usually temporary, while in the case of archeological resources, protective
measures may be temporary or permanent.
Preservation Commission. A city or county board of appointed citizens with assigned
responsibilities for surveying, designating and protecting historical resources. May also be called
a historic review board, design review board, landmarks commission or cultural heritage
commIssIon.
Reconstruction (treatment). The act or process of reproducing through construction the exact
form and detail of a vanished building, structure, or object, or any part thereof, as it appeared at a
specified period of time.
Rehabilitation (treatment). The act or process ofreturning a property to a state of utility
through repair or alteration which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving
those portions or features of the property which are significant to its historical, architectural, and
cultural values.
Site. A site is the location of a significant event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity,
or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined, or vanished, where the location itself
_.."^_.~-_.~...--.... "^~i"fi'''''. =. .."'....,.......~.~~.
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!Appendix 13 Historic Context.doc
15
o
possesses historic, cultural, or archeological value regardless of the value of any existing
structures.
State Historic Resources Inventory. Compilation of all identified and evaluated historical
resources maintained by the State Office of Historic Preservation. It includes all those historical
resources evaluated in surveys that were conducted in accordance with criteria established by the
Office, and were thereafter determined eligible for, or listed in the National Register of Historic
Places, or designated as California Registered Historical Landmarks, California Points of
Historical Interest, or the California Register of Historical Resources.
State Historical Building Code (SHBC). The State Historical Building Code is contained in
Part 8 of Title 24 (State Building Standards Code) and applies to all qualified historic structures,
districts and sites, designated under federal, state or local authority. It provides alternatives to the
Uniform Building Code in cases consistent with building regulations for the rehabilitation,
preservation, restoration or relocation of qualified historic structures designated as historic
buildings.
Stabilization (treatment). The act or process of applying measures designed to establish a
weather resistant enclosure and the structural stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property or
one which has the potential to deteriorate or to become unsafe while maintaining the essential
form as it exists at present.
o
Structure. A functional construction made for purposes other than creating shelter, such as a
bridge or a dam.
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City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 13. Historic Context
Sources
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. 36 CFR 800: Protection of Historic Properties.
Federal Register, May 18,1999.
Bass, Ronald E., Albert 1. Herson and Kenneth M. Bogdan. CEQA Desk-book. Point Arena:
Solano Books, 1999.
Beattie, George William and Beattie, Helen Pruitt. Heritage of the Valley, San Bernardino's
First Century. Pasadena, CA: San Pasqual Press, 1939.
California State Military Department. "Norton Air Force Base."
http://www.militarymuseum.orgINortonAFB.html
City of San Bernardino General Plan, "Section 3.0 Historical and Archaeological Resources."
June 2, 1989.
Cowan, Robert G. Ranchos of California. Los Angeles: Historical Society of Southern
California, 1977.
Donaldson, Milford Wayne. "Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey, San Bernardino,
California." 5 volumes. City of San Bernardino Department of Planning and Building Services,
Apri130, 1991.
Douthat, Carolyn. Economic Incentives for Historic Preservation. Oakland: Oakland Heritage
Alliance, 1994.
National Register Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Interagency
Resources Division, 1977, Revised 1985.
Office of Planning and Research. Historic Preservation Element Guidelines. State of California,
1976.
Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1883-1950
Stoebe, Martha Gaines. The City of San Bernardino, California 1854 - 1985. San Bernardino:
The City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 1986.
;~~:,~P[~~'JJ~}j
:RE8E^REt't~~^S52EIAl]
'tlISTORle.,. RESQLJm'~mKsOlTING
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City of San Bernardino
!Appendix 13 Historic Contex1.doc
17
II __
Transtech Engineers, Inc. "The City of San Bernardino Historic Depot District. Concept
Improvement Plan," City of San Bernardino Development Services Department. no date.
United States Department of the Interior. The Secretary's of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation and Guidelinesfor Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. US Department of the
Interior, Preservation Assistance Division, 1990.
White, Bradford J. & Roddewig, Richard J. Preparing a Historic Preservation Plan.
Washington, D.C.: American Planning Association, 1994.
18
City of San Bernardino
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Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
Appendix 14
Traffic Analysis Summary
City of San Bernardino
1
o
The following report was prepared by Transtech Engineers as background and context for
Chapter 6, Circulation, of the General Plan.
Existing Traffic Conditions
Existing traffic counts were conducted at various roadway segments and major intersections in
2003 to determine existing VIC and LOS at these facilities. The LOS of roadway segments is
based on average daily traffic (ADT) volumes and their traffic handling capacities on a daily
basis. The LOS of intersections is based on traffic volumes at the intersections during the AM
and PM peak hours and the traffic handling capacity of the intersection's critical lane. The
results are shown in Table 1 for intersections and Table 2 for roadway segments.
The following is a list of roadway capacity for various types of facilities, used in roadway
capacity analysis:
. 4-lane Major Arterial:
. 2-lane Major Arterial:
. 4-lane Secondary Arterial:
. 2-lane Secondary Arterial:
. 4-lane Collector Street:
. 2-lane Collector Street:
40,000 vehicles per day
15,000 vehicles per day
30,000 vehicles per day
12,000 vehicles per day
25,000 vehicles per day
10,000 vehicles per day
o
Also, in determining passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors for various trucks, the following
factors were used:
. 3-axle Trucks:
. 4-axle Trucks:
. 5- or more axle Trucks:
Equivalent to 2.0 passenger cars
Equivalent to 2.5 passenger cars
Equivalent to 3.0 passenger cars
o
2
City of San Bernardino
o
o
o
Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
TABLE 1
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
EXISTING (2003) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, VIe Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
1 30th Street @ Lynwood Drive AM B 11.3 -
PM A 7.2 -
2 Arden Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 39.1 0.687
PM C 34.2 0.633
3 Arden Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps AM B 16.5 0.339
PM B 14.2 0.345
4 Arden Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps AM A 0 -
PM A - -
5 Arrowhead Avenue @ Baseline Street AM B 14.7 0.724
PM D 38.3 1.043
6 Belmont Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM B 10.1 0.354
PM A 8.5 0.232
7 Boulder Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 33.8 0.245
PM C 34.6 0.49
8 Del Rosa Avenue @ Baseline Street AM C 21.4 0.395
PM C 24.7 0.396
9 Del Rosa Avenue @ Date Street AM B 20 0.38
PM C 23 0.527
10 Del Rosa Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM B 11.2 -
PM B 11.5 -
11 Del Rosa Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 14.8 0.27
PM B 13.9 0.339
12 Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramp AM C 24.4 0.579
PM C 29 0.81
13 Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramp AM C 22.8 0.795
PM C 27.4 0.855
14 Del Rosa Avenue @ Third Street AM C 27.5 0.398
PM C 31.1 0.469
15 E Street @ 2nd Street AM C 24.3 0.505
PM C 34.2 0.576
16 E Street @ 30th Street AM B 14.8 0.476
PM B 12.6 0.562
17 E Street @ Baseline Street AM B 18 0.407
PM B 19.4 0.566
18 E Street @ Highland Avenue AM B 18.6 0.765
PM C 21.7 0.4
City of San Bernardino
3
"
TABLE 1
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
EXISTING (2003) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, vIe Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
19 E Street @ Orange Show Road AM C 27.2 0.423
PM D 37.5 0.631
20 Harrison Street @ 40th Street AM B 12.1 -
PM B 13.3 -
21 Hospitality Lane @ Carnegie Drive AM C 27 0.536
PM D 41.1 0.906
22 Hunts Lane @ E Street AM F OVL - Yes
PM F OVL - Yes
23 I Street @ 2nd Street AM B 14.1 0.189
PM B 13.6 0.221
24 K Street @ 3rd Street AM A 9.8 -
PM A 9.3 -
25 Kendall Drive @ 40th Street AM C 21.7 0.169
PM C 25.9 0.436
26 Kendall Drive @ Palm Avenue AM C 26.2 0.572
PM C 23.9 0.48
27 Kendall Drive @ University Parkway AM C 32.2 0.49
PM C 28.6 0.595
28 Lena Road @ Mill Street AM B 18.1 0.178
PM B 18 0.206
29 Leroy/SR-30 WB ON Ramp @ 30th AM B 17.2 0.598
PM B 17.4 0.401
30 Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM E 36.3 - Yes
PM F 75.1 - Yes
31 Mount Vernon Avenue @ Baseline AM C 20.1 0.458
PM C 23.3 0.532
32 Mount Vernon Avenue @ 2nd Street AM B 19.8 0.454
PM C 30 0.643
33 Mount Vernon Avenue @ 5th Street AM C 22.5 0.405
PM C 22.5 0.489
34 Mount Vernon Avenue @ Highland Ave AM C 27.8 0.617
PM C 27.5 0.679
35 Mount Vernon Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 30.4 0.52
PM C 31.7 0.677
36 Mount Vernon Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.5 0.292
PM B 14 0.384
37 Mountain View Avenue @ San AM B 12.9 0.535
Bernardino PM F
90.2 1.36 Yes
4
City of San Bernardino
-
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Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
TABLE 1
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
EXISTING (2003) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, vie Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
38 Northpark Boulevard @ Fairview Drive AM A 9 -
PM A 9.6 -
39 Northpark Boulevard @ Sierra Way AM B 10.4 -
PM C 16.1 -
40 Northpark Boulevard @ University AM C 21.4 0.284
Parkway PM D 39.6 0.689
41 Ohio Avenue @ Palm Avenue AM A 9.9
PM A 9.6 -
42 Palm Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 35.8 2.88
PM C 32.4 0.52
43 Pepper Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 33.1 0.465
PM C 30.4 0.45
44 Pepper Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 14.6 0.366
PM B 16.4 0.496
45 Pepper Avenue @ Valley Boulevard AM C 31.2 0.746
PM C 31.7 0.755
46 Rancho Avenue @ 5th SUFoothill AM F 119.6 - Yes
PM F OVL - Yes
47 Sierra Way @ 30th Street AM B 15 0.255
PM B 15 0.361
48 Sierra Way @ 40th Street AM B 19 0.27
PM C 21.3 0.432
49 SR-30 EB Ramps @ Highland Avenue AM D 35.8 0.288
PM B 18.5 0.464
50 SR-30 WB Off Ramp @ 30th Street AM F 298.3 - Yes
PM F 946.1 - Yes
51 SR-30 WB Ramps @ Highland Avenue AM B 15.7 0.385
PM B 14.2 0.469
52 State Street @ Baseline Street AM B 15.4 0.48
PM A 5.5 0.335
53 State Street @ Highland Avenue AM A 8.7 0.499
PM A 9.3 0.594
54 Sterling Avenue @ Foothill Drive AM A 7.8 0.156
PM A 7.9 0.131
55 Sterling Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM C 29.6 0.328
PM A 7.9 0.131
56 Sterling Avenue @ Lynwood Drive AM B 12.5 0.463
PM B 12.6 0.437
City of San Bernardino
5
"
TABLE 1
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
EXISTING (2003) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, vIe Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
57 Tippecanoe Avenue @ 3rd Street AM C 26.5 0.464
PM C 32.5 0.698
58 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Harry Shepard AM C 22.7 0.482
PM C 20.2 0.828
59 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM B 12.2 -
PM C 25.3 0.621
60 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Mill Street AM B 13.4 0.454
PM C 22.2 0.79
61 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM D 25.6 -
PM F 102.6 - Yes
62 Tippecanoe Avenue @ San Bernardino AM C 33.1 0.421
PM D 42.1 0.828
63 Valencia Avenue @ 30th Street AM B 14.7 0.233
PM B 14.8 0.257
64 Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street AM A 9.9 0.305
PM B 11.5 0.412
65 Victoria Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 36.1 0.602
PM D 39.9 0.683
66 Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street AM C 27.1 0.801
PM C 23.4 0.654
67 Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street AM D 26.2 -
PM D 29.9 -
68 Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street AM E 37.9 - Yes
PM C 23.8 -
69 Waterman Avenue @ 3rd Street AM D 35.3 0.841
PM - - -
70 Waterman Avenue @ 40th Street AM C 26.1 0.637
PM C 24.8 0.506
71 Waterman Avenue @ Barton Road AM C 25.7 0.663
PM D 40.3 0.944
72 Waterman Avenue @ Fifth Street AM E 63 1.081 Yes
PM F 256.2 1.593 Yes
73 Waterman Avenue @ Highland Avenue AM D 36.4 0.482
PM D 39.2 0.65
74 Waterman Avenue @ Hospitality Lane AM C 30.5 0.715
PM D 46.8 0.984
75 Waterman Avenue @ Marshall Blvd AM A 3.2 0.507
PM A 4 0.451
6
City of San Bernardino
-
o
o
o
o
o
o
Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
TABLE 1
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
EXISTING (2003) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, vie Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
76 Waterman Avenue @ Mill Street AM C 29.8 0.354
PM D 35.2 0.54
77 Waterman Avenue @ Orange Show Rd AM C 38 0.425
PM D 35.7 0.652
78 Waterman Avenue @ Parkdale Avenue AM B 10.4 0.592
PM B 11.1 0.501
79 Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramp AM C 32.3 0.852
PM F 90.4 1.171 Yes
80 Waterman Avenue @ Vanderbilt Way AM B 19.6 0.358
PM C 23.3
City of San Bernardino
7
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Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
Future Traffic Conditions
As part of the analysis of the capabilities of the circulation system at the theoretical buildout of
the land use plan, a focused travel demand model was developed. The latest version ofthe
RIVSAN CTP Model was obtained from SCAG's Inland Empire Office. This model currently
uses a year 2000 base-year and year 2030 for the future regional horizon year. Approximately
564 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) in this model constitute the City of San Bernardino and the
Sphere ofInfluence (study) area. These zones are disaggregated into approximately 1,450 TAZs
to develop the East Valley Transportation Model (EVTM). Approximately 1,249 of these
EVTM zones are within the City of San Bernardino and include Arrowhead Springs, which is
anticipated to be incorporated within the City of San Bernardino.
For the purpose of its General Plan Update, there are 14 areas that are proposed for land use
changes from the City's 1989 General Plan, including Arrowhead Springs. The new land use
designation~ are expected to cause a change in the socioeconomic data currently established for
the respective T AZs.
.
In coordination with the General Plan team and City staff, land use quantities (in acres) were
estimated for the Build-out conditions ofthe study area for each of the TAZs. These land use
quantities were then converted to socio-economic data compatible with inputs to the CTP Model
using sub-regionally acceptable average factors and mid-point densities for each land use type.
These model input data include the number of single and multiple dwelling units, population,
retail, and total employment. The CTP model highway network was also obtained from SCAG
and refined by adding secondary and collector streets and zonal connectors (per the City's
recommended network modification/improvement list) to represent a more detailed network
consistent with the finer zone system.
The model input data for the disaggregated T AZs were submitted to the SCAG Inland Empire
Office. From this data, SCAG generated trips for all the study area zones and substituted that for
the original study area T AZs. The EVTM model was run using these new build-out trips in the
project area. Trip generation, distribution, and mode choice functions for the model were carried
out and the four-period trip tables (AM, PM peak, mid-day and night-time) were provided to the
General Plan team. The team performed traffic assignments for all four periods and combined
them to generate total daily volumes. These daily volumes were assigned to the City of San
Bernardino's future planned circulation network.
A comparison of total daily trips produced by and attracted to the San Bernardino TAZs were
performed to assess whether the proposed General Plan and recommended network
improvements would result in decreased or increased traffic. The comparison shows a
significant decrease in San Bernardino's traffic generation under the proposed General Plan
compared to the existing General Plan adopted in 1989. Table 3 shows the results ofthis
companson.
City of San Bernardino
11
TABLE 3
o
1989 and 2005 General Plan Comparison
Existing (1989) Proposed Proposed GP-
General Plan General Plan Existing GP
Build-out Trips from San Bernardino TAZs to 822,375 793,557 -28,818
All SCAG T AZs
Build-out Trips to San Bernardino TAZs from 826,451 797,888 -28,563
All SCAG T AZs
Total San Bernardino Build-out Trips 1,648,826 1,591,445 -57,381
Per Day
Based on the traffic volume data obtained from EVTM runs the future build-out traffic
conditions within the City were analyzed. The traffic volume data were post-processed using the
"B-Tums" program per SanBAG's requirement. Both build-out conditions under existing
General Plan and the proposed General Plan were analyzed for comparison purposes.
The results were entered into Table 4 (for intersections) and Table 5 (for roadway segments) in a
format similar to the existing conditions analysis. The projected volumes were divided by the
assumed future capacities to identify the future volume/capacity ratios, LOS, potential future 0
capacity deficiencies and expected congestion problems.
TABLE 4
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
FUTURE (2030) CONDITIONS
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS Delay, vIe Ratio Mitigation
sec/veh Required?
1 Pepper Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM B 17.5 0.574
PM C 20.6 0.728
2 Pepper Avenue @ Mill Street AM D 37.1 0.525
PM D 37.2 0.730
3 Meridian Avenue @ Rialto Avenue AM C 16.5 0.000
PM F 65.6 0.000 Yes
4 Northpark Boulevard @ University AM C . 28.0 0.091
Parkway PM C 26.0 0.142
5 Kendall Drive @ University Parkway AM C 30.5 0.513
PM C 30.6 0.501
6 E Street @ Highland Avenue AM B 16.6 0.428
PM B 16.5 0.475
7 Hunts Lane @ E Street AM F 744.5 0.000 Yes
PM F OF 0.000 Yes
o
12
City of San Bernardino
o
o
o
Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
TABLE 4
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
FUTURE (2030) CONDITIONS
LOS Delay, vie Ratio Mitigation
No. Intersection Peak Hour sec/veh Required?
AM C 28.6 0.732
8 Waterman Avenue @ 3rd Street PM
AM D 36.6 0.797
9 Waterman Avenue @ 5th Street PM D 40.2 0.811
AM C 23.1 0.593
10 E Street @ Base Line Street PM C 24.9 0.686
AM B 12.6 0.430
11 Arrowhead Avenue @ Base Line Street PM B 16.5 0.531
AM B 17.6 0.325
12 Mt. Vernon Avenue @ 2nd Street PM C 31.2 0.682
AM B 16.6 0.355
13 Mt Vernon Avenue @ Rialto Avenue PM B 17.0 0.502
AM C 25.4 0.486
14 Mount Vernon Avenue @ 5th Street PM C 24.7 0.611
AM F 138.9 1.215 Yes
15 Waterman Avenue @ 30th Street PM F 96.5 1.180 Yes
AM B 177.0 0.071
16 Kendall Drive @ Palm Avenue PM B 17.7 0.072
AM A 8.1 0.178
17 Belmont Avenue @ Palm Avenue PM A 7.9 0.147
AM B 13.9 0.530
18 Sierra Way @ 30th Street PM B 17.6 0.764
AM D 36.2 0.869
19 Del Rosa Avenue @ Base Line Street PM C 33.0 0.823
AM E 60.9 1.053 Yes
20 Waterman Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps PM F 127.9 1.288 Yes
Leroy StreeVSR-30 WB On-ramp @ 30th AM B 10.2 0.520
21 Street PM B 17.5 0.594
AM F 465.7 0.000 Yes
22 SR-30 WB Off-ramp @ 30th Street PM F OF 0.000 Yes
AM B 16.6 0.558
23 Del Rosa Avenue @ Lynwood Drive PM B 12.7 0.612
AM D 26.6 0.000
24 Harrison Street @ 40th Street PM F OF 0.000 Yes
AM C 28.8 0.580
25 Sterling Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM C 31.8 0.606
AM A 4.6 0.626
26 Waterman Avenue @ Marshall Boulevard PM A 5.0 0.633
AM F 54.8 0.000 Yes
27 Waterman Avenue @ 36th Street PM F 87.5 0.000 Yes
City of San Bernardino
13
TABLE 4
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
FUTURE (2030) CONDITIONS
LOS Delay, vie Ratio Mitigation
No. Intersection Peak Hour sec/veh Required?
AM B 11.2 0.366
28 Sterling Avenue @ Lynwood Drive PM C 20.0 0.775
AM A 8.1 0.245
29 Sterling Avenue @ Foothill Drive PM B 10.2 0.419
AM B 14.8 0.000
30 Del Rosa Avenue @ Foothill Drive PM C 17.5 0.000
AM A 9.7 0.000
31 30th Street @ Lynwood Drive PM B 11.5 0.000
AM C 28.5 0.820
32 Waterman Avenue @ 40th Street PM D 42.9 0.982
AM D 26.7 0.000
33 Waterman Avenue @ 34th Street PM F 110.6 0.000 Yes
AM A 3.7 0.553
34 Waterman Avenue @ Parkdale Avenue PM A 5.3 0.651
AM A 1.0 0.137
35 Ivalencia Avenue @ 30th Street PM B 12.7 0.304
AM C 15.0 0.667
36 Valencia Avenue @ 40th Street PM F 72.4 1.129 Yes
AM C 26.5 0.695
37 Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps PM C 28.5 0.748
AM B 18.9 0.740
38 Del Rosa Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps PM E 57.0 1.088
AM C 26.0 0.626
39 Sierra Way @ 40th Street PM C 34.6 0.920
AM C 30.7 0.637
40 Waterman Avenue @ Hospitality Lane PM C 33.4 0.762
AM C 28.9 0.565
41 Hospitality Lane @ Carnegie Drive PM C 30.7 0.649
AM F 91.7 0.000 Yes
42 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Rialto Avenue PM F 242.1 0.000 Yes
Tippecanoe Avenue @ Harry Sheppard AM A 6.7 0.516
43 Boulevard PM B 11.6 0.683
AM C 30.8 0.573
44 Irippecanoe Avenue @ 3rd Street PM D 49.0 0.882
AM C 24.0 0.629
45 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Mill Street PM B 19.5 0.747
Rancho Avenue @ 5th StreeUFoothill AM F OF 0.000 Yes
46 Boulevard PM F OF 0.000 Yes
14
City of San Bernardino
~..~.-
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Appendix 14. Traffic Analysis Summary
TABLE 4
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
FUTURE (2030) CONDITIONS
Delay, VlC Ratio Mitigation
No. Intersection Peak Hour LOS sec/veh Required?
AM C 34.7 0.673
47 Mt Vernon Avenue @ Mill Street PM D 35.1 0.799
Mountain View Avenue @ San AM F 107.1 1.372 Yes
48 Bernardino Road PM F 308.8 2.440 Yes
AM C 22.0 0.488
49 Mt Vernon Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM C 31.7 0.598
AM B 15.2 0.539
50 State Street @ Highland Avenue PM B 16.3 0.510
AM B 17.9 0.432
51 Tippecanoe Avenue @ Hospitality Lane PM C 24.5 0.505
Tippecanoe Avenue @ San Bernardino AM D 37.6 0.698
52 Road PM D 48.1 0.863
AM C 22.2 0.377
53 Lena Road @ Mill Street PM C 22.6 0.502
AM C 27.7 0.885
54 Waterman Avenue @ Barton Road PM C 31.7 0.972
AM C 25.0 0.320
55 Boulder Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM C 29.3 0.658
Waterman Avenue @ Orange Show AM D 35.1 0.648
56 Road PM D 40.1 0.832
AM D 39.5 0.679
57 Del Rosa Avenue @ 3rd Street PM D 47.4 0.839
AM B 10.3 0.391
58 Waterman Avenue @ Vanderbilt Way PM B 13.7 0.641
AM D 37.3 0.628
59 Waterman Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM D 40.0 0.707
AM C 33.4 0.660
60 E Street @ Orange Show Road PM D 49.7 0.945
AM C 29.5 0.654
61 E Street @ 2nd Street PM D 40.3 0.816
AM B 19.3 0.516
62 State Street @ Base Line Street PM B 19.2 0.560
AM B 12.8 0.285
63 Kendall Drive @ 40th Street PM B 18.2 0.542
AM C 22.0 0.527
64 Mt Vernon Avenue @ Base Line Street PM C 22.8 0.531
AM D 38.6 0.533
65 Waterman Avenue @ Mill Street PM D 47.2 0.889
AM B 15.3 0.449
66 E Street @ 30th Street PM B 14.8 0.754
City of San Bernardino
15
.,.---.-
TABLE 4
INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY
FUTURE (2030) CONDITIONS
o
Delay, vIe Ratio Mitigation
Intersection Peak Hour LOS sec/veh Required?
No.
AM A 9.3 0.000
67 Ohio Avenue @ Palm Avenue PM A 9.3 0.000
AM C 26.0 0.382
68 Victoria Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM C 31.6 0.610
AM 0 39.7 0.725
69 Palm Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM 0 42.0 0.665
AM C 20.3 0.600
70 SR-30 EB Ramps @ Highland Avenue PM C 20.8 0.625
AM B 13.5 0.317
71 SR-30 WB ramps @ Highland Avenue PM B 14.5 0.562
AM C 34.9 0.707
72 Arden Avenue @ Highland Avenue PM 0 46.1 0.892
AM A 0.0 0.000
73 Arden Avenue @ SR-30 WB Ramps PM A 0.0 0.000
AM B 15.7 0.417
74 Arden Avenue @ SR-30 EB Ramps PM B 18.2 0.583
AM A 5.1 0.238
75 I Street @ 2nd Street PM
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16
City of San Bernardino
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