HomeMy WebLinkAbout1995-157
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RESOLUTION NO. 95-157
RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND COMMON COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO APPROVING A CERTAIN
CONSOLIDATED PLAN IN CONNECTION WITH IMPLEMENTING
VARIOUS FEDERAL GRANT FUNDED PROGRAMS
WHEREAS, the City of San Bernardino, California (the
"City"), is a municipal corporation and a charter city duly
created and existing pursuant to the Constitution and the laws of
the State of California; and
WHEREAS, the Community Development Commission of the
City of San Bernardino (the "Commission") on behalf of the
Redevelopment Agency of the City of San Bernardino (the
"Agency"), is a redevelopment agency, a public body, corporate
and politic of the State of California, organized and existing
pursuant to the Community Redevelopment Law (Part 1 of
Division 24) commencing with Section 33000 of the Health and
Safety Code of the State of California (the "Act)"; and
WHEREAS, the City has previously initiated certain
actions in connection with the pursuit and award of certain
Federal Grant Entitlement Funds, including but not limited to
Community Development Block Grant Funds, Home Investment
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Partnership Act Funds and Emergency Shelter Grant Program Funds,
for the purposes of assisting and providing decent housing,
suitable living environment and expanded economic opportunities
principally for low and moderate income persons who reside within
the jurisdiction of the City;
WHEREAS, in connection with the pursuit of said Federal
Funds, the City, through the Development Department of its
Economic Development Agency, has caused the preparation of a
Consolidated Plan composed of three components which include (i)
an evaluation of the housing and community development needs of
the City of San Bernardino, (ii) a Five Year Strategic Plan and
an (iii) Annual Action Plan; and
WHEREAS, a copy of the Consolidated Plan is attached
hereto as Exhibit "A" and incorporated herein by this reference;
and
WHEREAS, the City, having held a duly noticed public
hearing in connection with the consideration of the Consolidated
Plan, hereby deems it desirable to approve the Consolidated plan
as attached hereto as Exhibit "A" and to authorize its submission
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to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
("HUD") .
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND COMMON
COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO, AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Mayor and Common Council (the
"Council") hereby find and determine that the preparation of the
Consolidated Plan is in the best interests of the residents of
the City of San Bernardino and hereby approves the Consolidated
Plan a copy of which is attached hereto and as Exhibit "A" and
incorporated herein by this reference.
SECTION 2.
The Council hereby authorizes the
submission of the Consolidated Plan to HUD and further directs
the Mayor to take such action and execute such documents on
behalf of the City as may be deemed appropriate in order to
submit and implement the Consolidated Plan on behalf of the City.
SECTION 3. The findings and determinations herein
shall be final and conclusive. This Resolution shall take effect
upon the date of adoption.
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RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN
BERNARDINO APPROVING A CERTAIN CONSOLIDATED PLAN IN CONNECTION
WITH IMPLEMENTING VARIOUS FEDERAL GRANT FUND PROGRAMS
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Resolution was duly
adopted by the Mayor and Common Council of the City of
San Bernardino at a rp.qlll.=lr meeting
thereof, held on the 15th day of M~y
1995, by the following vote, to wit:
COUNCIL MEMBERS: AYES NAYS
NEGRETE X
CURLIN x
HERNANDEZ x
OBERHELMAN x
DEVLIN x
POPE-LUDLAM x
MILLER x
ABSTAIN
ABSENT
~4I~
ity Clerk'
The foregoing resolution is hereby approved this
n-r.!-
day of
Mav
1995.
~~?( )If/~
Mayor of the City of
San Bernardino
Approved as to form and legal content:
BY~/
ct Attorney
SBEO\OOOl\DOC\2077
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I _ - -, ~V
j<'-> ~-:, -J:)J
EXHIBIT "A"
THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
FOR FISCAL YEARS 1995-99
DRAFT
,-
FY 1995 FIVE CONSOLIDATED PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PaQe
I. INTRODUCTION
................................................... .
A. Purpose and Content .................................................
II. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION
A. Citizen Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
B. Consultations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
III. HOUSING and HOMELESS NEEDS ASSESSMENT ............................. 15
A. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I 5
B. Housing Needs 'or The Next Five Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C. Categories of -Persons Affected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
Table I C - Housing Assistance Needs of Low g Moderate.income Households ....... 17
I. Extremely Low-Income .......................................... 20
2. Very Low-Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
3. Other Low Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
4. Moderate Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
5.. Middle-Income ............................................... 23
6. Total Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
7. Public Housing - Section 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
8.First Time Homebuyers .......................................... 28
9. Elderly Persons with Disabilities .................................... 30
D. Nature and Extent of Homelessness ................................... 30
Needs of Sheltered Homeless ........................................ 32
I. Needs of Sheltered Homeless ...................................... 32
2. Needs of the Unsheltered Homeless ................................. 32
3. Needs of Subpopulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 33
4. Needs of Persons Threatened with Homelessness . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
5. Table I D - Homeless Population g Subpopulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36
E. Populations with Special Needs. Other than Homeless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
I. Needs for Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
2 .Table IE - Non-Homeless Special Needs Populations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40
IV. NON-HOUSING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS ASSESSMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
A. Public Facilities and Improvements .................................... 4 I
B. Job Creation and Economic Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42
C. Public Services. . . . . . . .. ......................................... 49
D. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
V. HOUSING AND MARKET ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
A. Marketing and Inventory Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
I . Community Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 I
a. Background and Trends .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
b. Demographics/Low-Income and Ethnic Concentrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52
c. Maps.................................................... 53
d. Table I A - Population & Household Data ............................ 55
2. Market and Inventory Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
a. General Market and Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
b. Assisted Housing Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
I. Public Housing ........................................... 74
2. Section 8 ............................................... 74
3. Other.................................................. 77
CHAS Table lB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79
c. Inventory of Facilities and Services for
the Homeless and Persons Threatened with Homelessness ................. 80
d. Inventory of Supportive Housing for Non-Homeless Persons with Special Needs ... 83
3. Available Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84
A. Federal Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84
B. Non.Federal Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88
I. State Programs .......................................... 88
2. Local Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88
C. Private Resources ............................................. 90
I . For.Profit.............................................. 90
2. Non.Profit ............................................. 90
.
VI. HOUSING AND NON.HOUSING STRATEGIC PLAN.......................... .91
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
B. Priority Analysis and Strategy Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
. CPD Priority Needs Summary Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Priority # I: Preservation and Rehabilitation of Affordable Housing Stock. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
i. Analysis................................................... 93
ii. Strategy Development. Investment Plan (Activities and Programs) . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
i. Objectives................................................. 95
. Priority #2: Assist low Income First Time Home Buyers ....................... 98
i. Analysis................................................... 98
ii. Strategy Development. Investment Plan (Activities and Programs) . . . . . . . . . . .. 99
iii. Objectives............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
. Priority #3 Expansion of Affordable Housing for low.lncome Families Through New
Construction ..................................................... I 0 I
i. Analysis.................................................. 101
ii. Strategy Development. Investment Plan (Activities and Programs) . . . . . . . . . .. 104
iii. Objectives....................................................1 07
. Priority #4: Provide Rental Assistance to Very low Income Households ........... 107
i. Analysis.................................................. 107
ii. Strategy Development. Investment Plan (Activities and Programs) . . . . . . . . . .. 110
iii. Objectives................................................... II 3
. Priority #5: Assist Homeless and Sepdal Needs Persons with Supportive Services ..... 113
i. Analysis.................................................. I I 3
ii. Strategy Development - Investment Plan (Activities and Programs) . . . . . . . . . .. 114
iii. Objectives.................................................... I 16
C. Homelessness Strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
D. Other Special Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
I. Frail Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
2. Persons with Mental Disabilities. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
3. Persons with Physical/Development Disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 120
4. Persons with Alcohol or Other Drug Addiction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
5. Persons with AIDS/HIV . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120
E. Non-Housing Community Development Needs. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .120
F. Overcoming Barriers to Affordable Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
G. lead-Based Paint Reduction Strategy. . . . . .. .........._..................... .129
H. Anti-Poverty Strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 30
I. Institutional Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 32
J Coordination....................................................... 133
K. Public Housing Resident Initiatives. . . . . .. ................................. 134
VII. ONE YEAR ACTION PLAN. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 138
VIII. aRTlFICATlONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
IX. MONITORING PLAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose and Content
During calendar year 1994, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) issued proposed rules relating to the consolidation of several formula grant programs. These
programs are the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), Home Investment Partnership
(HOME), Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG), and Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS
(HOPW A). The City of San Bernardino currently participates in the first three programs. The City
administers the first three programs and the County of Riverside administers the HOPW A. The
purpose of the Consolidated Plan Submission (CPS) is to assist the consolidation process by bringing
together the planning, application, reporting, and citizen participation components of each of these
formula grant programs_ The City of San Bernardino, a Charter City under a Mayor-elected form of
government in the State of California, is the Lead Agency responsible for overseeing the development
of the Plan.
These programs have three basic goals: securing decent housing; providing a suitable living
environment; and expanding economic opportunities. Providing decent housing includes
rehabilitating the housing stock, providing opportunities for first time home buyers, and increasing
the availability of permanent affordable housing for low-income households without discrimination.
Providing a suitable living environment includes improving the safety and livability of neighborhoods;
enhancing housing opportunities for low income persons and minorities; revitalizing neighborhoods;
restoring and preserving natural and physical features with historic, architectural, and aesthetic value;
and conserving energy resources. To expand economic opportunities, the comprehensive approach
encourages job creation, stimulating access to credit for community development, and assisting low-
income persons with achieving self-sufficiency in federally assisted housing. The Consolidated Plan
consists of four main components.
1. Housinl!: and Market Analysis (formerly CHAS Community Profile) - A description of the
housing market conditions including supply and demand, condition of the housing stock, cost of
housing, concentrations of households by income and/or racelethnicity and the inventory factors
affecting the availability of affordable housing within the City of San Bernardino.
2. Housinl!: and Nonhousinl!: Community Develooment Needs - This section is an assessment of
the current and projected housing needs oflow and middle income families, homeless families and
individuals, alJd others with special needs who require supportive services. In addition, it
considers what resources are currently available to meet those needs. This portion of the
Consolidated Plan documents the housing and non-housing community development needs in the
ensuing five years in the City of San Bernardino. The Needs Assessment is the result of input
obtained from the citizen participation process including the required consultations and analysis
ofHUD and census data.
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3. Stratej!ic Plan (Fonn' .v CHAS Five Year Strate~) - The Strf""r:ic Plan identifies the City's
strategies, priority n(;~""s, and objectives of its Consolidated. ..n. The Five Year Strategy
contains an analysis of the City's general housing priorities, the programs that will be used to
achieve these priorities and the resources that will be used to fund these programs. Additional
sections of the Five Year Strategy address the relevant public policies, court orders and other
constraints or barriers that may impact opportunities for affordable housing, describe the public,
private and non-profit organizational structure, address the City's strategy to remove or
ameliorate negative effects of public policies that serve as barriers to affordable housing, describe
activities that encourage public housing residents to become more involved in management and
participate in home ownership, describe the City's lead-based paint hazard identification and
reduction strategy, provide an anti-poverty strategy, identifY measures to overcome gaps in the
institutional structure that will implement the strategy for addressing priority needs, and describe
activities that will enhance coordination between public entities.
4. One Year Action Plan (fonnerlv CHAS Annual Plan) - This section constitutes the One Year
Action Plan of the new five year Consolidated Plan and is to be followed by an action plan in
each of the subsequent four years. This one year action plan sets forth a specific plan for
investment or use of affordable and supportive housing funds and non-housing community
development funds that are expected to be available during the coming Federal fiscal year,
determine goals for individuals and households to be assisted, and describe the implementation
plan guiding the activities and other actions to be taken. This annual plan discusses specific plans
and programs for the period July I, 1995 to June 30, 1996 affordable housing needs and Non-
housing community development needs.
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II. CITIZEN PARTIC......ATION AND CONSULTATION
As part of preparing the Consolidated Plan, the City of San Bernardino solicited citizen input and
consulted with public and private agencies as required by HUD regulations. The input received from
this process was part of determining the City's housing and non-housing community development
needs. The Citizen Participation and Consultation process and its results are described below:
A. Citizen Participation
Consolidated Plan Development Through a Town Meeting/Consultant ModeL The FY 1995 Five
Year Consolidated Plan was developed through the administrative efforts of the Economic
Development Agency, and the San Bernardino County Housing Authority. In addition, consultant
assistance was furnished by Comprehensive Housing Services, Inc.
As in the development of previous CHAS documents, the Economic Development Agency was given
the role oflead agency in gathering and analyzing the relevant data for the development of the FY
1995 Five Year Consolidated Plan. Discussions among City departments in regard to the
implementation of the FY 1995 Five Year Consolidated Plan has also provided a logical forum
through which to develop this new plan. Comprehensive Housing Services, Inc. staff have augmented
City staffby assisting in the preparation of the narrative and providing technical assistance as needed.
The process involved coordination with local agencies and groups.
In assessing the housing and non-housing community development needs for the next five years of
the City, HUD and census data were analyzed. Some of this analysis was done when the City
prepared its Comprehensive Housing Assessment Strategy (CRAS) Fiscal Year 1994 Five Year Plan.
Prior to assessing these needs, the Consolidated Plan provides background information that is helpful
in understanding these needs.
The City scheduled a series of public meetings which would allow input from various citizens and
organizations and collect data about housing conditions, needs, opinions, and ideas for the priorities
and strategies that the City addresses in the FY 1995 Consolidated Plan.
Efforts to Broaden Public Participation
The Citizen Participation Plan (Appendix A) adopted by the City of San Bernardino sets forth the
guidelines and procedures for the continuing participation of the citizens of San Bernardino. The
Citizen Participation Plan broadens public participation in the development of the Consolidated Plan
by providing for a public hearing prior to publishing of the Consolidated Plan and providing for a
thirty day public comment prior to submitting the Plan to HUD. The Citizen Participation Plan
contains provisions for outreach to residents of Public Housing, low and very low income persons
particularly those living in slum or blighted areas, non-English speaking persons, persons with
mobility, visual or hearing impairments, religious organizations, business organizations, social service
providers, and non-profit organizations. In response to the Consolidated Plan, the City of San
Bernardino developed and implemented a community outreach process to obtain input from the
community on the housing and non-housing conimunity development needs of the City.
1bis community outreach process encouraged the involvement of all groups including low and very-
low income persons, members of minority groups, non-English speaking persons, persons with
mobility, visual or hearing impairments, residents of areas where a significant amount of activity is
occurring or proposed, the elderly, the business community, and civic groups. At all of the meetings
held by the City, a handout (Appendix C) was distributed to attendees. This handout addressed
3
following areas: housinf -~eds, homeless needs, public housing roeds, lead-based paint needs,
market conditions, barriers Lv affordable housing, fair housing, needs 0. _,Jecial populations, and non-
housing community development needs. In addition, at each of the public meetings held by the City,
input from citizens on the above mentioned areas was verbally requested by the City.
The City Council held two public hearings to obtain citizen views and receive comments on the
Consolidated Plan. This first public hearing was held prior to the publication of the Consolidated Plan
and included proposed activities under the Community Development Block Grant Program. Citizens
were given sufficient information about the.subject of the hearing through an advanced notice
published in the local newspaper. The hearing was held in the evening to accommodate most of the
working population and accommodations were made for disabled persons. At the public hearing,
the City received public testimony on the housing and non-housing community development needs,
including priority non-housing community development needs. The second public hearing included
the draft Consolidated Plan proposed activities. A third public hearing will be scheduled at the time
the City prepares its Annual Performance Report in order to provide adequate information to its
residents hearing the progress of its housing and non-housing HOME, ESG and CDBG funded
activities.
In addition to holding public hearings to obtain citizen input, the City held three town meetings.
A public notice of these town meetings was published in the Sun Newspaper, Inland Empire Hispanic
News and the Precinct Reporter. In addition, the City sent invitations to the previous years CDBG
. subrecipients including public service providers in the City. As with the other meetings concerning
the Consolidated Plan held by the City, City staff gave a presentation on the Consolidated Plan,
distributed a handout and the Community Needs Survey, and requested any verbal or written input
on the housing and non-housing community development needs for the next five years of the City.
Table 1 on page 5 lists the community meetings that the City coordinated to present the purpose of
the Consolidated Plan and distributed surveys. Table 2 identifies the persons and community groups
that the City distributed surveys to.
The CDCAC is an advisory committee to the City Council which is the responsible legislative body
in matters relating to the Consolidated Plan and the Consolidated Plan process. A public notice of
these meetings in English and Spanish was published in a local newspaper of general circulation.
City staff contacted the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
and made a presentation on the Consolidated Plan at a regularly scheduled meeting of the NAACP.
A Community Needs Survey was distributed to each of the attendees and verbal input was received
on the Citjs housing and non-housing community development needs.
,
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DATE FORUM Approximate Number or
Attendee.
December 13, 1994 City COWlcil Meeting 25
February 8, 1995 Town Meeting 10
February 13, 1995 Town Meeting 12
February IS, 1995 Town Meeting 7
February 18, 1995 NAACP of San Bernardino 40
March I, 1995 T ovm Meeting 51
March 2, 1995 Intergovernmental Meeting 18
March 9,1995 Homeless Providers Meeting 20
March 27, 1995 CDCAC Meeting 10
March 28, 1995 CDCAC Meeting 10
March 29,1995 Homeless Providers 10
March 30, 1995 CDCAC Meeting 10
March 31, 1995 CDCAC Meeting J 10
April 10, 1995 CDCAC Meeting 10
May 15,1995 City COWlcil Meeting 10
5
TABLE 2
COl\1MUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT.. c.
Survey Distribution
"
, ~,. ".-
. ".'.
1.
CDCAC - March 27,1995
2.
NAACP of San Bernardino - February 18, 1995
3.
Town Meeting - February 8, 1995
4.
Town Meeting - February 13, 1995
5.
Town Meeting - February 15, 1995
6.
Town Meeting - March I, 1995
7.
Intergovernmental Meeting - March 2, 1995
Surnrnarv of Citizen Innut:
Pages 7 through 9 contain a tabulation of survey responses. Citizen comments from verbal input at
the community outreach meetings are contained in Appendix B.
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~,:-zc-L 22-,;r 1.1
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS SURVEY
The City of San Bernardino is starting a new planning process for the future use offederal housing and co=unity
development funds: Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), Home Investment Partnership Program (HOME)
and Emergency Shelter Grant Program (ESGP). An important part of this Plan is to ask you, the resident, what you
think are the important needs in your neighborhood. Please help the City of San Bernardino in preparing the Plan by
completing the following survey. We ask that you wouldfill out this survey and mail it back to the City of San
Bernardino Economic Development Agency at 201 North E Street by March 7, 1995.
Please check the appropriate box below for each category showing what you think are the greatest unmet needs in your
community. Please provide your input for each item.
Please circle the c:ltegory(s) you represent:
Resident
Business
Community Group Church
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NEEDS CATEGORY
IDGH MEDIUM
LOW
NO
SUCH
NEED
Public Facilities Needs
a. Senior Citizen Center tc i.:t.L 12 /3
b. Youth CenterS 1f'1 ..2:L ---L- /1
c. Centers for the Disabled .l..2.... .L!L "1'-1 , I "2.
d. Child Care Centers
Preschool Daycare $:..L J.L lc'" "
L;
e. Parks & Recreation Facilities ~ /1 ..2L i 1
f. Parking Facilities .IL .LL 2?
g. Other Neighborhood Facilities .!fL. s.L JL 17
Community Centers
2- Infrastructure Improvements 1
a. Flood Prevention and! or ?f" .0/"1 27
Drainage Improvements .6l ..LL .M- 3-
b. Water System Improvements ..:!:- ... IJ' .y
Co Street Improvements ..zl- ..bf:: E- I
d. Sewer Improvements I:L ~ Jf/ 3-
3- Public Service Needs
a. Senior Citizen Services .!f.2 2L j)' .!.t-
b. Handicapped Services J:L t:.L 2..7- --IL
7
c.
d.
Youth Services
Transportation Services
LL.f!...
62
'11 ~
il.. J2..
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
12
1'2-
NEEDS CATEGORY
illGH
MEDIUM
LOW
NO
SUCH
NEED
3_ Public Service Needs 2! l6 JL
e. Substance Abuse Services 52
f. Employment Training l1L 2f:.. I~ K-
g. Crime Awareness .M2 .!t.:L ?t:( C'
h. Fair Housing Counseling O/~ ~ ';'? ..LL
L Lead Paint Testing &
Abatement rL .lL rCf 22-
J, Other Public Service Needs .:l:.!L !tL 2 ? L
4- Accessibility Needs (Removal of Barriers
to the Handicapped) )-y -
a Public Buildings a.. r '-I /(-
~
b. Park & Recreation Facilities JL 6r ?.P /'-'
c. Health Facilities ....- LL 2.7 ..t..f...
~
d. Other Neighborhood Facilities! .!LJ- .LL 1r J.L
Community Centers
5- Economic Development Needs
a Neighborhood-Based Small Business
Use (Laundromat, Grocery Market, etc.) ZL If }'"? c:
-L-
b. Job Creation ilL 3L -2- .2-
c. Commercial Rehabilitation SL ...D::- .LL -/-
d. Business Support Services ",' . !iL- 2L ..!f:-
2L- ..
e. Other Economic Development Needs .. .- .71 22- 7
)) -
'-
-
G- Housing Needs
a Residential Rehabilitation .fL 5'1'- .i.L 7
b. Improvements for Handicapped ft... .iL IfCJ .LL
Accessibility iD... ~ /2 1:/.
c. Residential Property Maintenance!
Code Enforcement B...- 5l 26' ..1..L-
d. Homeownership Assistance .1..t:...- ..b.L 3.L ~
Rental Housing Development 1/ " ...:JL 'J.C ..lL
e. -1l
i Homelessffransitional Housing ..kL ...I2.... 2L . '"I
..L-
g. Special Needs Housing Facilities: 7/J ft .2.L B-
8
Mental illness 1/'
Drug! Alcohol Abuse 7/ 2y I~
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NO
::;'EEDS CATEGORY ffiGH MEDIUM LOW SUCH
NEED
6. Housing Needs . J Cf !:!2. 2.'7 5-
HIVNeeds ./L.L \2- 2}/ ~
h. Tenant-BaSed Rental Assistance 7.1" ...fL ~ ..lL
1- Homeowner Rehabilitation
J. Other Housing Needs 51 'Il LL .!L
~eeds to be Address (Not identified above):
To allow the City of San Bernardino to evaluate needs by geographical area, please identify the nearest cross
street to your residence or your complete address if you wish to be notified of upcoming meetings and hearings
c ese subjects:
NAME(Optional):
ADDRESS OR NEAREST CROSS STREET:
PLEASE RETURN SURVEY TO:
Public Form Coordinator
Economic Development Agency
201 North "E" Street, Third Floor
San Bernardino, CA 92401-1507
J
9
--'
-
~
B. Consultations
/-
i
~ -
Throughout FY 1994-95, the City of San Bernardino Economic Development Agency, Housing
Committee, the Mayor and Common Council/Community Development Commission, Planning
Commission, and City Council, was preserited with and discussed various affordable housing
options. Appropriate discussions furthering the City's Five Year Strategic Plan and acting on the
FY 1994 CHAS Action Plan were conducted and relevant information was conveyed to the City's
Economic Development Department by both bodies to be integrated into the FY 1995 Five Year
Consolidated Plan.
. Health Department - The City consulted with the County of San Bernardino Department of
Health by requesting that the County provide any Health Department data on the addresses of
housing units occupied by low-income families or very low income families which contain
lead-based paint hazards. The County identified 476 cases of lead-based poisoning that have
been reported since 1992. As awareness of this problem, its symprons and health and
behavior effects grows, the number of reported cases will probably increase.
The National Center for Lead-Safe Housing is assisting local governments by providing
information on potential strategies intended to assist in developing effective programs to
sharply reduce childhood lead poisoning and how to integrate prevention efforts into ongoing
low- and moderate-income housing programs across the country.
Childhood lead poisoning is the number one environmental health hazard facing American t
children. Federal estimates indicate that ten to fifteen percent of all pre-schoolers--as many
as 3 million-- have blood lead levels high enough to warrant concern for their intellectual
development. While lead poisoning affects children of every socio-economic and demographic
stratum, the poor and people of color are disproportionately affected. In many urban
communities, over fifty percent of children suffer from over-exposure to lead, with Black
children more than twice as likely to be poisoned.
Although lead was baIUled from residential paint in 1978, more than half of the total United
States' housing stock--an estimated 57 million older homes--contains some lead-based paint.
Approximately 20 million housing units contain lead hazards: flaking or peeling lead-based
paint or excessive levels of tiny lead particles in household dust. HUD estimates that 3.8
million homes containing such immediate lead hazards are occupied by families with young
children who are at immediate risk of poisoning. Half of these families own their homes; half
have income above $30,000 per year.
Children do not have to eat paint chips to become lead-poisoned. Most children become
exposed to lead-based paint and dust hazards living in older homes. Young children most
frequently become poisoned by inadvertently ingesting lead contained in household dust during
the course of normal hand-to-mouth activity. Older, low-income, privately-owned rental
10
\
housing that has not been adequately maintained is potentially the most hazardous to young
children. In addition, children are exposed to lead-based point and dust hazards during the
renovation, remodeling or repair of older homes when lead-based paint is disturbed. Burning,
dry scraping, and sanding--especially power sanding-older paint can increase lead dust levels
in the home 100-fold and result in the inadvertent poisoning of children, pets and workers.
Lead-based paint containing up to fifty percent lead was in common use through the 1940s.
Although the use and manufacture of interior lead-based paint declined during the 1950s,
exterior lead-based point and some interior lead-based point continued to be available until the
mid-1970's. In 1978, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the manufacture of
paint containing more than 0.06 percent lead by weight for use on interior and exterior
residential surfaces and furniture. Lead-based paint is still available for industrial, military
and marine use and occasionally ends up being used in homes.
Tables 3 through 6 below show an estimate of the number of housing units containing lead-
based paint hazards that are occupied by very-low and other low income households by both
renter- and owner-occupants.
.":f<l:><;:,.':~~:?~:~~ }~W1'~:~:l,fi'7,':~):L ~f'5'~t~:~~{~, ~:7;~';vf#.~;:;1~:;':'J~:7,{.
~""'.....,AIl.oIUlrit:Y_,;;." i.:.-t.V<<y~"""o-..r~IncIIIIM",~' l~<J;"'Lud........,.w~-:t
;;~~,'~.-,. 1..1It..".....~,.'~ '\-.~.'':'~~ .. ~-.I.;......'...~ ~4'"i-...,;.;;:.,'-'..,...'<,.:...-.;.f..."'''~:':~'''
,. .f~&~{@~:1~~:~~~)~~~~~1~~~'~,~~~?~~~~~t~~i~.:.~~~1~d~1~~~~~~);S5~_t:ur;~l,:;~'~.:~~j~~'
MESATIDGHEST RISKFOR LEAD. .-B.ASEDPAINTIMZARDS "')~
,...,_ "__ .,__'.." '" ~... .... .+, ", ~ .~ "'_", "_~J" ".. . ..... _,"',>. " n_ "., .___.~ ._.""...~-", . .",.' J ,'.J> ',;:' ..-"l:~'l'
~,iRENT.ER HOUSEHOLDS- CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO~. t~;t~
i-':~'t{j~~~0{U
~1[~Ei!~, ~~:~~tf~ .;~1ir~'~~i?:
"FlE-,'-1l
3,052
X.to-
2.1H
X.l0_
'"
1fo4C1-1'"
3,1117
X..o-
2,nfl
X.lO_
'"
1I161).U1l
'2.5101
".82_
1.80.
".10_
'"
~~F+~1;~~~;;tf~t'~ T_IR_rHou....old.E.-...wwlthL..d-B.ud...inI 13,04' '.305
......P{~~i$\o.~~~~tr.~-.(~~;r,n~~~...~~~~$i"E":4'..,~.,/?,...~~.:,~~.;,~.JI!ts,.'";'i<~:~..,.i-~;:J~>J'...i~.;.;'..:~~c..~.::::$:':.$;,1.1~,~'~Si~~
~'P.';-~\T~t;'~~ '.', u;.;,;',"~"~'8flN~T.;.;n~;;c.~oGNi1:';,tiC.J!;-D~~~';x..~.::.~,\~~..~~.,P.~.:f~~C~i+:.<r..;SJ;""!;.:~.~,W""')t~~
- . . .. .. ............... ~......_'-"". - 't!'ii'.'..~.",.".,...- _ti ~"". ~" ..
:;._;~~.';.?t.~""::.(:~ :;;,,.~';;;i~;,'i-~'"'.l..,.:r.:;,1:f~..~,:. ".' ~., .....~J:_~~,~~L k}JI~~,~~.# ~~~~~; '. .....
;~;~~~B::.~'@: _'~.~~~~~.:-.:~.~-<i} ,..,oi"~~~~ -~..~=~~.""'.~._ :~,. M~,~ ":..:~""~~
PRE.'MO ,.... X.IO_ ''', X.IO- m
'..-0-115' ',071 ".10_ U., X_'O_ ",
'~1'71 182" ".&2- '0,053 X.l0- ,.'"
:o;;,~~f~lt
.....-. --,"" -' ..
11
"~"'&-~'\?,~~~i:;' ~'~:;::;!":"'~;'1;~;..,"'t.r:.;:;::) i~M;:;' .~;:K~~q,';h:~i.:;~;J .. ..~ ' ~'" ~.....x
I :~~~.~~t;!/i;$.~~TAB'=-~.~5.~'~~.?:~~};.$~~~ . 7&
_ _. SUMMARY OF'ALL-HOUSEHOLDS'BY AGE.OF; UNIT~~ --i,'
,;;r..; .... ~-_~/ '.--~ -"-~- . ,,~ . ~.~ ~.,.ry ""M'~ J:i:" .:;;;.:&~... ...
.:-"":'c"'J~"!';I:t'c!;!.~CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO~~'1i::r:i':;;:t::fi7 _..::~.
:,;_.::~::~~::~,,~~~i~~;~~;~,:;~:~~ 1?'5~~~':; :;;~tf::;~~~)Llll~~~'}$:~~?E:.:~: ::J:jr{~:~~~~~-::;:r~:f: ~~ ~~J;-_-!:i~"tz:s~
194o-1fl.
...,. ..... : '"
1,1U 5.141 : '"
2Ulll 17.1lI! : 1.7M
'1,51. 2t.5TT : usa
PRE.l..0
11150-1'11
,-
-:,Y~J~/~'~*;~~~.f~~;$'"~c:t
":":r;~F-~TABLE 6,":'~"'''':?<''.':;:'' ..
MAR{i5F;AL(.HOUSEH't5~S.Ify';f"EN .
,-r~;>;.} ,-'_.-- ....... -".""-"-,' ",..L.,__:", -'-.- ,-, ._. "'-""'"""",,,~._,,jp;~-
. ::;;CITY;OF SAN BERNARDINO~~$~':' .'
"~~1,'r~it:'~=t\?ltt'~15 ~~).~,]~~,~~~-~7?:?::~~:;r.:-,:~~ t:~~~1+{$':':~:::J~~?'t't$;~~?i;~ ~"1;1 )~~t:t:+~?4~-;:~~
-,:;~,p.;'r..-~~"i-';'~li~;r~.\'Tt~ i:"~~:,~~~~=~"~':";"::.!~ '~V.i'1;.?~:~.~~_~~;~~~~d '~~ ?;:~~\r;~~~~:
--
It,7~3
13,0011
,.".
o-er~ed
22.711
IB3lI
1.5~.
,...
.1.51.
21.5n
2.151
Source: Table g. HlIIIIin'l'UniIS b'l'Age of Unit. Ter><n.ancl"""'''''''GtouD: 199QCHASOablbo<lt.
HUD provided infonnation on low and very low income households by age in the 1990 CHAS
Databook. This benchmark information collected from the 1990 Census is used to create
Tables 3 through 6. Nationally, the percentage of units containing lead increases with the age
of the structure. This is why the .90, .SO, and .62 factors with a + margin of error are used
in estimating the total number of potentially hazardous units. 1 The likelihood of housing
containing lead is influenced by geography, housing type, and climate. These factors are only
a guide. Due to the fact that lead-paint is typically used in more harsh climates as a
protectant, southern California housing is less likely to have used lead paint on residential
structures, because of the temperate, mild climate. However, by multiplying the number of
housing units of a particular age by the likely percent containing lead-based paint, we obtained
the resulting estimates.
Not all units with lead-based paint have lead-based paint hazards. Only an evaluation of
dust, soil, and/or deteriorated paint on accessible, friction, or impact surfaces provides
information about hazards. Properties at greater risk than others include deteriorated units,
particularly those with leaky roofs and plumbing and' rehabilitated units where unsafe
renovation practices were used.
Of all low and very-low income housing units in San Bernardino, 2S,577 are estimated to have
lead-based paint; 13,041 would be renter households below SO% of area median income and
15,536 would be owner-occupied households below SO% of area median income. Those units
which may be_of greatest risk to low and very-low income renters were built prior to 1940 and
1 Table 3-3, page 3-9, "Comprehensive and workable plan for
the Abatement of Lead-Based Paint in Privately Owned Structures."
12
number 3,052 or 5.2% of the total housing stock. Pre-1940 units which may present the
greatest risk to very-low income renter households are less than 2 % of all units in the City;
1,077 housing units. According to the 1990 census, the oldest housing units are located in
census tracts 4200 and 4800 through 5800. These tracts are located in the central portion of
the City, generally bounded by Waterman Avenue on the east, Mill Street on the south, the
Lytle Creek drainage on the west, Highland Avenue west of the 215 Freeway and the 30
Freeway to Kendall Drive to 40th Street on the north.
. Housing Authority - The City consulted with the San Bernardino Housing Authority to ensure
that activities with regard to local drug elimination, neighborhood improvement programs, and
resident program services, funded under the public housing program and those funded under
programs covered by the Consolidated Plan,are fully coordinated to achieve comprehensive
development goals. The consultation identified a need for homeless vouchers. The Community
Needs Survey was distributed to providers of social services which some residents of public
housing utilize. This outreach effort encouraged the participation of residents of assisted
housing developments in the process of developing and implementing the Consolidated Plan.
. Adiacent Units of Local Government - The City notified adjacent units of general local
government when preparing its description of n,m-housing community development needs.
The County of Riverside initiated an Intergovernmental Meeting between surrounding
municipalities, the County of Riverside, and the County of San Bernardino. Discussions were
held regarding the problems and solutions that go beyond a single jurisdiction. Coordination
in the area of economic development was achieved.
. Homeless Providers Meeting - The City solicited input from providers of services to
homeless persons and those threatened with homelessness.
Furthermore, as summarized below, several additional agencies were specifically targeted and
consulted by City staff, via telephone and private, individual meetings, regarding the housing
needs of certain persons, namely children, elderly persons, disabled persons and homeless
persons :
Housing Needs of Children/Children ldentified as Lead Poisoned, Elderly, Disabled, the
Homeless, and Other Persons Served by Such Agencies.
. Elderly Persons. Housing needs of the elderly were obtained through telephone
contact with neighborhood senior centers. These agencies indicated that the frail elderly
are in need of general supportive services such as nutrition programs, transportation
services, assistance with affordable housing, and assistance with minor home repair.
13
. Disabled Persons. Disabled persons include the physically handicapped, the chronically
mentally ill, and substance abusers/addicts. Consultations with organizations such as Easter
Seal Society, Center for Individuals with Disabilities, Rolling Start, and Inland Empire Deaf
Services resulted in the identification of an array of housing needs for the developmentally
disabled and physically disabled. Many persons with developmental disabilities living in full-
care facilities over time have become self sufficient and their next step is to move out on their
own. However, their income usually cannot support their housing costs. Therefore, a local
or federal housing subsidy would be required. Moreover, while some persons would be able
to move right into a house with no support services, many would require transitional housing
consisting of part-time support/care staffin order to make their change less stressful and more
feasible.
..
14
m. HOUSING AND HOMELESS NEEDS ASSESSMENT
A. GENERAL
The City prepared its assessment of the housing and non-housing community development needs for
the next five years by obtaining input from citizens of the City of San Bernardino and by analyzing
!IUD and Census data. Through !IUD and local data sources, consultation with various entities and
input obtained from the Citizen Participation process, the City determined its housing and non-
housing community development needs.
B. HOUSING NEEDS FOR THE NEXT 5 YEARS
The City of San Bernardino expects that housing needs for the next five years will grow. While the
City cannot predict which groups will have the greatest need, it has forecast population and housing
projections in five year increments from 1990 through 2020. For purposes of this five year
Consolidated Plan, which encompasses 1995 through 1999, Comprehensive Housing Services staff
determined one year average projection rates for the five year time frame from 1990-1995 and 1995-
2000 in order to determine the projected population increase and housing unit increase through 1998.
The annual projected Increases are shown In the table below.
-
v....
Popul.Uon Increment
Housln" Unit Increment
199.
1995
1996
1997
1991
rrveYearPro'ccbon
5.6<<
l.6<<
7,065
7,065
1,065
32.413
672
672
1,644
1.6<<
1,644
6,276
Source: City of San Benwdino. AnaMis bv Comtmhcnsiw HOU!inlZ SeMcet.. Inc.
The City of San Bernardino IS projected to have a population increase of32,483 and a housing unit
increase of6,276 in the next five years. Initially, the population increase is projected to be partially
absorbed In units that are currently vacant. However, by 1996 most of the vacant units will be
occupied and the increase in housing units is projected at it slower rate than the increase In
population. This would result In an increase in the average household size. It is also anticipated that
there will be some increase In overcrowding. Given the current increase in Hispanic households and
the relative large size of these existing households, it can be inferred that the Hispanic population will
likely increase its total number by 1998. Also, the relatively stronger growth rates in two other
population groups, Blacks and Asians, point to growth in these household types as well.
15
These factors indicate that there will be a need for larger housing units_ It is also expected that the
need for rental assistance could increase, since lower vacancy rates could cause an increase in market
rents.
It should be noted that in the 1990 Census, San Bernardino was found to have gained 45,950 foreign
born persons between 1980 and 1990. Numerically, this figure accounts for nearly all the growth
in San Bernardino's population expansion from 1980 to 1990 of 47,095 persons, Immigration is the
largest contributing factor to growth in San Bernardino's population.
Table lC - Housing Assistance Needs of Low and Moderate Income Households
"
16
: \ \;\ \ lH~\~\~n~\!nn~nn\\'n~n. ..
~ \,~\ \ l,.\!~\I\I\I\!\1\111\!\E\I\I\!rrr\~\I\~
:'. _ Ilhl I t'\~I!ITI"n\I\Tnn'\Tn~n
." ~ I I \ 181~1"\"\"\~I"\"I"lel"I"I"I~I"I"!"I;:lI"!
i~~~ I I ~ ~ ;l\~ gIg ~ ~l\~ ~1\~.I\~I\~I\~\"I\~\gl~\O\~\\~1 \ ~
'm I I i i '\ " I . . \ \ \ \ \ . .".
~5o~ i '\' I l"'I"~\"\'''\''I''I''\''\M\''\''I''I_I'''I'''''I_I''i
~_.13~1 ~ . 1';< ;:;\'" "' .. ~\'" "' '" ;:; - 01"\;:;1- ..1010 ",I
, .,H I ~ I I H _ ..i \ ,; 10 \ 0 ,... \ '" \' 0 "\,; "I'" \ \ "i \ - I .; \' .. \
,~ }l \ ~ i 1'1 ~r~ \ \ \ \ \ I \ i \ \ \i \ I \ \
. _ !:'.. i .c I I I I I I I I ! I
0"'2;0, ~ ..- - --- .-'
,~ ~:;~11 ~~ \ I .,,_\~! I ~' \ ~ \~'I ~ II ~ I ~ \~ \' ~l \ ~ \! ~ I ~1 \ ~ \1 ~ \ ~ \ ~ I ~i \ g I ~i I
EE~.2. c: . C1~'I" .. Q Q ,... .\c:I 0 N .. <=iM to., .l~
,-.HH\1~i \~\' ngl\"\~\ I' - - \ 1\ \ I \"'\.\
.;~E=lag li ~- \ I \ I \
r.1r-rl \!.\!\!nn!\I\T\~\ln\T\ln~\\ -
q \ \ I!U.\!\!\TIIITnITnnTIlI1Il\
fj . ' 0 =.
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Q ="
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SI " i~ \l1 H .
~ _ -:: ~ :; go,::
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:3. .<1 .; 5 . 11 :
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11 .. ..- - .. . ,--
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" ii: . . E 0- E ~
It ::t E E .,. . :! .
.. . . 0 :lI ,. :lI ~
>c .,. :is i "' " "
.... 0 " l! It .,. "' It .,. It
"0' '" It .,. It ,. ,. 0 "I ,. 0
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j;X a 0 .. .. 0 '" !eo .5 " !l. " ^ .
... So .5 " c " ~ ^ ; ^ . ~
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^ ^ E c E . X
" . . " c . " c X c . X C "0 .
xE E . X c . ii: X c . " . '" " > . 3 r. >
" G ii: . '" ... . '" . ~ "0 3 0 C ." . C
. . ::t > "0 3 - > "0 3 .5 3 .. .5 . 3 .. ! .
.5 .5 c 3 c 3 j . .. ~
. .. .. . .. .. ~ : : :
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> ... " G U l! G U ~ U U ,. .. ,.
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. ,. ,.
:> 0 "
d .. .; .. "' .; ..: .; ,,;
. ..: ..; .=..; oft .; ..: .; d - - - - - - -
- - - -
The City analyzed the estimated housing needs and needs for supportive services for the ensuing five
year period. These needs were derived from input received from the citizen participation, the CRAS,
and from data available from HUD, the U.S. Census and local studies.
A major housing problem in the City is Overpayment (Cost Burden/AlTordability). Almost thirty-
seven percent of the City's households are paying more than thirty percent of their income on housing.
Cost burden is defined as households paying more than 30% of their incomes on housing. Cost
burden is most severe among extremely low income renter households, with 76% of those earning
0-30% of median family income paying more than 30% on housing and 47% within this group paying
more than 50%. Owner households within this income group also face cost burden of more than 30%
in 63.6% of those households. This segment of the population, those earning less than 30% of
median and paying more than 30% of income on housing, also have a high risk of becoming homeless
should a disruption in income occur.
Cost burden is also a problem among very low income renter households earning between 30 and
50% of median income. Almost seventy-nine percent of these households are paying more than 30%
of their incomes on housing. Overpayment is not as severe among low income households but is still
prevalent, as 45% of the renters and 33% of the owners within this income group pay 'Jlore than
30% on housing. Cost burden is also a problem for middle income home owners, with 32% of these
households overpaying. However, only a small percentage of middle income renters are overpaying
(II %). A high percentage of respondents to the Community Needs Survey rank rental housing
development as a high priority.
Another housing problem in the City is Physical Inadequacies/Condition. Physical condition of the
housing stock is the second significant issue identified in the Community Profile. According to the
housing element of the City's General Plan, 11% percent of the City's housing stock is substandard
in condition, with 3% of the units in such poor condition as to be unsuitable for rehabilitation. The
remaining 89% of the housing stock is considered in standard condition. A high percentage of
respondents to the Community Needs Survey rank residential property maintenance/code enforcement
as a high priority.
A lack of Homeowners hip is a housing problem in the City. The cost of housing in San Bernardino
has also prevented many families from becoming homeowners. Fifty-two percent of the City's
housing units are owner-occupied while forty-eight percent are renter-occupied. However, 60% of
the City's housing units are single family and another 7.5% are mobile homes. Forty percent of all
renters occupy single family detached homes. The vacancy rate among rental units was four times
the owner vacancy rate at the time of the 1990 Census. The high rate of absentee owners contributes
to a lack of maintenance. In addition, pride of ownership amogg owner-occupied units contributes
to maintenance and upgrading of the housing stock. Thus, there is a need to increase homeownership
in order to stabilize neighborhoods throughout the City.
Homelessness is a problem in the City of San Bernardino. Finally, the City of San Bernardino has a
relatively large homeless population. While it is difficult to obtain an accurate count of the homeless,
estimates indicate that the range of homelessness in San Bernardino is as low as 1,000 persons and
as high as 1,750 persons.
18
C.CATEGORIESOFPERSONSAFFECTED
HUD recently adopted new definitions for income groups. The new definitions of income
groups applicable to the Consolidated Plan are listed below.
Extremely low Income Families: Families whose Incomes are betwe.en O.and. 30 percent of the median
income. fo~the ar.ea~)s~st~blished byHHPwith'adj~stmen~s'fcit snialler;and largerfamilies, except'that
HUD may establish income ceiling highe(orlowerthan 30. percent of the .medianfor the ..area on the basis
cifHUb's findings't~at such variations are riecessarY,because'o(previili~g .Ie\'els o'f construction costs or
fair market rents, or' unusuall hi h or low famil incomes. ::::' : . '/-2i,~/,,'.'"
low IncOme Famiries:lowiricomefamilieswhoseIncomedoes not eXc~ed50~rcent of the median area
im:o~efor the area :cas .det~rmim~d. by H.iJD ,witii>adjJstm~~is fo( sm~ll~f~nd,jargef Jamil!~s 'except t~il: t
HUDmay establis,h~!ncori1eceIlings ~ighe~ .or lower than'SO per~~~t.cif th~ ~~~ianforthearea em the
basisot HUD's fiiidingsarenecessaiy for.use prevailing levels.of construction costs or fairn,arketrents
or unus'will hi h or low famil incomes. " . ' " . .: ; - ,"
Other low Income: ,Households whose incomes are between 5 I percent and SO percent ot the median
income for the area: as determined by HUD, with adjus'tments, for smaller or larger families,excepiihat
HUDmay establish Jncome'c~i1ings higher or lower that SO percent of the' media~ for the area' on the basis
. '. ",.,' " _,,_, _......"....... I, "'_', ..-',d"', _',: " 'L, .>" '"--,,.., ,', -:.:. " .. '.:.~, -,.<.. ':, ': -:':: -'-,:', ", ","" ",,'-.:' .:'~" :-'~ ," .. ,....... ~->" -..'... ';. .-': -, "
of HUD's findings that such variations are necessary because o/prevailing levels of construction costs or
fair~ali<et rents;orJ~u~ually ,high or low family incomes. '. (Thi~te.rri1correspon.ds, to)iioderate.inc6me
in the CDBG Pr6ram :~;i.,"i'<C',,'.,';i'.:, ....;..., ,.':' > ')'rl{,{:;.;,hc,<, <,:..' , " . '.',
Moderate Income Family: Family whosein~ome does not exceed So. p~rc~ntofthemedian incomefor
the area,as det~rinined by HUD with adjustments for smaller arid larger families:exceptthat HUD may
estabiish income'ceilings highe~and io'wer than SO perceniOi the inedia~ f6i)he a~eaon the basis ,of
" . ~". '~':'" .::- .. ": '">":_':"', ", c';... ",,_, ~_.:_, ,,:.', '<<.~ "::,-,~,,_.,,.,',.:' ..:,,:,<~,:;',...: ';.. ._>.,.,....:,. ~-!.~,.:_:.,..:"... ;f":.>' ~<.:'i". "'-':,':: '~~':;." -',ic -,_, '.~".~- '.>.';,~ ,:' ".. .. '-','" ..'
HUD's' findings that s~chva,riatiolls, arenecessary ,because of prevajli~gleve's'o,fc,(.lIi~tnJ~i9n costs or fair
market'rents, orunusuall" hi h'or low 'filmilinEomes: ,,,,';:YC . ..,-;:,'~1;';':::f'Cc 0' "", ".
Middle Income' Family('Familywhoseincomesare.betw~el181 alld 95jiercentof the'rnedial1 income for
the area :asaetermined byH'UD,"withadjustments'for smaller()r~arger:.families':eXcept 'that Hl.IDmay
..-.'.-. _,:': .,.:...,,-,!,,; ',' : _..<'" , __'.,.. or""_,', ,,<00_..., """>':':-"':"'::~'.':~':."~' .... -f";:';-, .:.':;~",":,.. ,', ..,....' >',,:' --, >,:-.."1' ',"-. --' ._'. ">'f;';'~"'''.-. ~--".. 7;" '~'." ."-'.:;""-."!; .. . ,.. " .
establish income ceilings highei-'orlower than 95percentofthe meaia'n for the area on the basis ofHUD's
.' ..'..' ._.'. ~"'__'._..._ "'~~;'-' ..;.~._ i.' '...;:_ .." -,_, . "",_";' .r,... .-:"'.....'.~:,~'~':.: ..~'. --.,.. ,.-!:,\,.-.~\. . ~""'" ,,'.' :'_.~':-.; :.' .. ."~ 'd" ~)'.",," ""'_'\'-';':,",~:,,::':": ..:......"~:;t.:; , v",.' '",i--if: .<"h'._ p'- >'"~'.':' .~'?' .-.;,...
findi~gs that such ~riati.o~s are.neces~~iy ,~c~use2!prevallini(l:veJ~ef Eonst!}lC!!9"!~~t!sls,o~(~ir ~,a~~F
rents;orurllJsually high or lowfamilyJncoiTIes.JThis definition'corTesPcindstothe teimimpderate-lriCome
'.._ . '>. ."'" '.', ' ',:,::,;:: :~".. ....:_ .' :.... ,:' ~;,-' . ,- --"~i~ "';:' :;:- ..---.......;>i:~~_.....I-,.. ,;"'."-',.l".':':">": r_,.;:../"_~ ;,"" ~~lt~'''';;:<',t-:'7~,~'~-''.''- :~" ~'
family" underJhec:HASjtat~te; ,42JJ.S.C:':)2.795dnaddjti~n, ,t~~,:,d~Q'1iti()n_i~ ,c1jffe!enU~an~h~t:f2r
the "COBG "Pfug""am'')~'.;'t:.;-,.~:",,::.;:f;:';j'r:~'L/:.:~.:::.~?i:';''~::;''~W~>;::~"7 ~iti':;"~!;?J;;~#~*_("'4,~,,,-':;~li~t~~~:,;S:~~:;~A.::,;,:,.:~:,;'~Pt;';""T ;~~:L'<, ,:'-_~~~~}'.
.. .,.':' :[c,:, ~;:",:':f':;,(;"!~1~';r~[~~~J:!'i,,;~~E~~~?~iig%;'~;;:,i' ;.,:;iit'ES'!6S.:~j'~,i';'
19
Estimate of Number and Types of families in need of housing assistance
HUD regulations require that the housing needs of certain income groups are estimated by the City.
Household Incomes in the City are identified in Table 8.
-
of Income Numb er 0 f Households
Median Range
Inco me Renters Owners Total
# % # % # %
Very low Less than 1 2, 603 23 % 5 , 4 5 0 1 0% I 8 , 05 3 3 3
0- 5 0% $ 1 4,422 %
Low $ I 4,423 - 5 , 0 1 9 9% 4 , 8 9 8 9% 9, 9 I 7 1 8
5 I -8 0% $23 , 074 %
Mo derate $23 , 07 5 - 1 , 8 5 2 3 % 2, 4 5 2 5 % 4, 3 04
8 I -9 5% $2 7 , 400 8%
Upper More than 5 , 9 5 9 1 I % 1 6, 4 I I 3 0% 22, 3 70 4 I
95 %+ $27,40 1 %
1. Extremely Low Income
Extremely low income families are those earning 30% and less of the median family income, a range
of incomes less than $8,652 per year based on the median family income of $28,843. There are
10,354 households within this income group in San Bernardino.
Renters. There are 7,739 renter households that are extremely low income. Of these, 88% report
housing problems, 86% report cost burden of more than 30%, and 71% report cost burden of more
than 50%. This income group can afford a rent of$216 which is 30% of their income.
There are 1,390 elderly renter households in the extremely low in'come group. Of these, 76% report
a housing problem, 76% pay more than 30% of their income for rent and 47% pay more than 50%
of their income for rent. There are 3,519 small renter households. Of these, 89% report some
housing problem, 86% pay more than 30"10 of their income for housing and 75% pay more than 50%
of their income for housing. There are 1,516 large renter households. Of these, 97% report some
housing problem, 93% pay more than 30"10 of their income for housing and 79% pay more than 50%
of their income for housing.
20
Owners. There are 2,615 extremely low income owners. Of these households, 66% are cost
burdened by 30% or more and 64% are cost burdened by 50% or more. Forty -seven percent'of
these households report a housing problem. There are 818 elderly extremely low income owners.
Of these, 56% pay more than 30% of their income, 37% pay more than 50% on housing, and 56%
report a housing problem.
2. Very Low Income
The income of very low income households does not exceed 50% or less of the median family
income. The median family income is $28,843; very low income households eam a maximum of
$14,422. annually or less. There are 18,053 very low income households in the City.
Renters. The maximum that a very low income family could afford to pay in monthly rent is $360.
1bis is 17% less than the City's median rent of$422. There are 12,603 renter households that are very
low income. Of these, 85% report housing problems, 75% report cost burden of more than 30%, and
29% report cost burden of more than 50%. This income group can afford a rent of$360 which is
30% of their income.
There are 2,849 elderly renter households in the very low income group. Of these, 68% report a
housing problem, 65% pay more than 30% of their income for rent and 32% pay more than 50% of
their income for rent. There are 5,507 small renter households. Of these, 84% report some housing
problem, 79% pay more than 30% of their income for housing and 28% pay more than 50% of their
income for housing. There are 2,792 large renter households. Of these, 95% report some housing
problem, 67% pay more than 30% of their income for housing and 22% pay more than 50% of their
income for housing.
A total of72% of all very low renter income households, regardless of family type, cite some housing
problem.
Owners: There are 5,450 very low income households in the City. Of these, 49% are cost burdened
by 30% or more and 44% are cost burdened by 22% or more. Twenty-two percent of these
households report a housing problem. There are 2,849 elderly very low income owners. Of these,
28% pay more than 30% of their income, 18% pay more than 50% on housing, and 8% report a
housing problem.
,
21
,
._-.
ort S
Tot.a1 Households Vcry-Low_ Low.__ Modcn:tc Income HhI
- - (51.BO%~iFI). (11-95% MFI).
#ond'" (SO% MFI). Nand'" Nand'"
tlMld%
W1Ute 30 392/56% 7,902126% 4,863116% 2.43218%
Bbck 8,079115% 3,71&'46% 1.373/1"" 56&'77%
Hi,"""", 14.tllf26% 3.71&'46% 3.246/23% 1.27019%
NatiYcAmcrlc.an 434/1% 134131% 113f26% 43110%
ADm" P><i!k hIond<<
15S2/2.2% 729'47% 171111% 43110%
AD Households 54.6441100% 18.031133% 9.83&'18% 4.372/1%
. MFl- Median Family Income - San Bernardino. $28,843
""" and below MFi- $14,422
51-80% MFl- $14,423 - $23,074
11-9S% MFl- $23,07S - 527,400
Source: 1990 u. s. Census. CHAS Table lA.
Racial DistnlJUtion. Minority ethnic households are represented in disproportionate numbers among
)blen very low income families. In particular, 46% of all Black households (who make up 15% of the
population), and 47% of all Asian households (who make up but 2.2% of the population) in San
Bernardino are very low income. In addition, 46% of Hispanic households (who make up 26% of
the population) have very low incomes. This is in contrast with the White population who have 26%
in the very low income bracket while comprising 56% of the total population.
3. Other Low-Income
Other low income families are those earning between 51 and 80% of the median family income, a
range of $14,423 to $23,074 per year based on the median family income of $28,843. There are
9,917 households within this income group in San Bernardino, representing 18% of the total
households in the City. Housing afIordability in this category would require montWy housing
expenses of no more than $577.
Renters. Nearly 20% ofall renters are other low income househOlds. However, while 45% of these
households are rent burdened by more than 30% of their montWy income, only 2.8% of these
households suffer from extreme cost burden of greater than 50%. Of other low income renters, 67%
report some type of housing problem. The elderly report these problems the least (55%) and large
families report them the most (87%). Overcrowding is reported by 26.1% of the total renter
households in this income group. However, 71.5% of the large family renters in this income group
report overcrowding,
Owners. Other low-income owners make up 17% of all households. Of these households, 33% are
cost burdened by 30% or more and 10% are cost burdened by 50% or more. Forty-two percent of
these households report a housing problem. Overcrowding is found among 13.8% oflow income
22
11 % report cost burden or 30% or more. No households reporteu cost burden
greater than 50%.
Elderly households comprise 7% of the middle income renter households. Twelve percent of
these elderly pay more than 30% of their incomes on housing. Large middle income households
constitute 19% of the middle income population. Large families report a housing problem in 65%
of these households. Since only 2 % of the large renter families in this income group report cost
burden greater than 30%, it can be determiried that overcrowding and unit inadequacies are the
most common housing problems. All other households make up 29% of total renter households.
Of these households, 21 % report some sort of housing problem, and 14% report cost burden of
over 30%.
Owners. Middle income owner-occupants comprise 8% of all owner households. Of these, 28%
are elderly. Among all moderate income owners, 32% report cost burden greater than 30% and
3 % pay more than 50%. Sixteen percent of the elderly report cost burden greater than 30%.
Racial Distribution. Middle income families are a small percentage of the total within each racial
group. Percentages range from 5% of the Asians to 10% of the Native Americans within the
moderate income range.
6. Total Households
In general, the following table illustrates the total households by tenure and type with any housing
problems. The major problems are cited for summary purposes. Cost burden is the
overwhelming housing problem facing San Bernardino households. Overcrowding and unit
inadequacies are secondary according to census report fmdings. Ethnic minority households are
disproportionately affected by all housing problems.
Maps: Distribution of Income Groups by Census Tract
24
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,~...,~:;;.r-'-::';..'HOUSING'PROBLEM MOSTPREV ALENT BY- HOUSEHOLD:IYPE'MIDTENil'RE-t:
~~~::;:::~:6.~W~;~~~~_~~f?~'t'oJ.:4.C--ITY-"~---O--F"-"S-AN'''-''-B' E"'RN" "~"'ARD".'i.",,' ~IN" 'O~-'~:\'f~~!;t;~~['i~l;::-::I~~:~~"~:!'';~~'4t:f) .~
~. ~'.~,"l',.....',. ~'_ -".,A_' ~~~",.~::"-I""'" ;~,,,.~.~~<.,_.;;;\., ''':~TI';..J.t.,~~~~f':"iir.~(~-:"i!t1.;';.~-~~;.~i'!f;''::;i .....~,.~):
All Elderly Rental Households
Cost Burden (58%)
AU Small Renul Households
Cost Burden (50%)
All Large Rental Households
Cost Burden (53%), Overcrowding (70cr..)
All Other Rental Households
Cost Burden (46cr..)
Total Rental. Households
Cost Burden (51 'fc;), Overcrowding (12 'fc;) & Physical Unit
Inadequa.cies
All Elderly Owner Households
Cost Burden (10'fc;)
All Other Owner Households
Cost Burden (33 cr..)
Total Owner Households
Cost Burden (24'fc;)
Total Households in San Bernardino
Cost Burden (37%), Overcrowding (15%) &: Physical Unit
Inadequacies
Source: 1990, U. S. Census, CRAS Table 1C, -Housing Assistance Needs of Low and Moderate Income Households..
7. Section 8 Housing
The San Bernardino Housing Authority, created in 1941 to provide affordable housing
opportunities for very low income families of San Bernardino, currently owns and manages 705
units and provides an additional 1,811 rental units to very low income fanillies through the Section
8 Housing Assistance Payments Program. Of the households assisted, 16% of the Public Housing
participants and 13% of the Section 8 recipients are elderly (388). Unfortunately, there are 2,305
additional households on the waiting list for assistance. The waiting list, as a result, was closed
in 1991 and is not due to be reopened until new housing becomes available. Fifty-seven percent
of all households waiting meet federal preferences for admission to rental assistance programs
with the City. The City has pulled only those households meeting federal preferences for over
a year.
The factors influencing the composition of the waiting list are the federal preferences, by priority
listing as follows:
A. Displaced households as a result of overcrowding or rehabilitation.
B. Households cost burdened by greater than 50%. J
C. Households which are involuntarily displaced by government action at any level.
The remaining preferences shall be equally ranked:
D. Households involuntarily displaced by
1. Natural disaster (fire or flood).
2. Landlord action which:
27
a) Is beyund the applicant's control.
b) An action which occurs despite applicant .. having met all previously
imposed conditions of occupancy.
c) Action taken is other than a rent increase.
3. action by a member residing in applicant's unit which threatens the physical safety
of applicant or other members of household (domestic violence).
The Housing Authority's system for applying -the federal preferences is a two-step process. First,
when the applicant enters his/her name on the waiting list, the applicant is given the opportunity
to certify qualification for federal preference. . Second, when a certificate/voucher is offered to
the applicant, verification of the applicant's certification is done by the San Bernardino Housing
Authority. The Housing Authority's Administrative Plan outlines the verification/certification
procedures in full.
8. First Time Homebuyers
With homeownership having been identified as a significant issue for all types of households in
the City of San Bernardino, there is some emphasis on assisting fIrst-time homebuyers with that
first step toward homeownership. Given the high cost of housing in San Bernardino and the
difficulty in saving adequately for the downpaymentlclosing costs required, downpayment
assistance or second mortgage assistance is emphasized fIrst for qualified low-income households
with children and secondly for other low-income households. The City has three active affordable
homeownership programs. These programs all target low and moderate income families who
would not have the opportunity to purchase a home without assistance. It should be noted that
first-time homebuyers moving into the owner housing market enables existing homeowners to
move-up into larger and more expensive housing. The City of San Bernardino is interested in
promoting a balanced community that includes homeownership at all income levels including
entry-level and move-up housing.
Table 8 provides information on the income needed to purchase a home at the median value
($96,200). Even with interest rates at their current record lows, home purchase is out of reach
of most very low and low income families. If a low income family was able to save 20% for a
down payment, they would be able to purchase the median priced home only if the interest rate
was 6% or less. Even at current low rates, the only type of loan with a low enough interest rate
is an adjustable rate loan. While they would be able to afford the initial rate on an adjustable rate
loan, future increases in the interest rate would cause them to pay more than 30% of their income
unless their income also rose. A moderate income family could afford to purchase the median
priced home at current interest rates if they were able to save at least 20% down. With a down
payment of five or ten percent, a moderate income family could only purchase if they used an
adjustable rate loan. This discussion should illustrate that even with record low interest rates,
housing prices are too high for many families to afford a purchase.
28
j~~~~~!l
f~~%~~~~~'i~t::'';;~:~~:~;'~f~~1~tr!d~~,~;~';1,~~.;*i::~r;i'~~~y:~':"?~~-:h-;"f~~;;t;'?/;;J~'\i00t7~
~,,;;;":J;:-'"--""" ~".." ;,.1;,-,.':O;.,......,"'~,..l:...,~....,"-~. - - ""... .,."......-!H'.""-.;~~"............_.~.~._...l--~~~'-~~
_~__~;,i:~..~~~liJif~~::~1.;:~~~~J!\BI.~I.t~~~~~i~Jlt1~~Si~~.
;!_~f,~.l'ffiED~1?!9,~~.9:!~E."A MED~..tIpCEJ2.!!it
~~"1;',;';:~.;;,\,;\;:.;,.-;;,:.., IN THE CITY.OF SAN BERNARDJNO;1993~~f,;'
Loan Required
20% 10% 5%
Downpayment Downpayment Downpayment
$96.200 $96,200 $96,200
$19,240 $9,620 $4,810
$76,960 $86,580 $91,390
Median Home Price, 1990 Census
Downpayment (as marked)
Monthly Mortgage Payment
(30 Year Term) -a
@4.2% interest (ARM)
@ 7 % interest
@ 7.5 % interest
@ 8 % interest
@ 9 % interest
Annual Income Required
@ 4.2 % interest (ARM)
@ 7 % interest
@ 7.5 % interest
@ 8 % interest
@ 9% interest
$376.35 $423.39 $446.91
$512.02 $576.02 $608.02
$538.12 $605.38 $639.01
$564.71 $635.29 $670.59
$619.24 $696.64 $735.34
$129.85 $129.85 $129.85
None $ 35.00 $ 35.00
$506.20 $588.24 $611.76
$641. 87 $740.87 $772.87
$667.97 $770.23 $803.86
$694.56 $800.14 $835.44
$749.09 $861.49 $900.19
$20,228 $24,625 $25,564
$25,649 $30,724 $32,002
$26,692 $31,897 $33,241
$27,754 $33,092 $34.502
$29.934 $35,544 $37,090
Taxes and Insurance
Private Mortgage Insurance
Total Monthly Payment
@4.2% interest (ARM)
@ 7 % interest
@7.5% interest
@ 8 % interest
@ 9 % interest
Source: Comprehensive Housing Services, Inc., August 1993
Notes: Based on published interest rates as of August 11, 1993 in Southern California:
20% Down, Fixed range from 6.95 to 7.25%, Average 7.08%.
10% Down, Fixed range from 6.875 to 7.375%.
20% Down, Adjustable range from 3.5 to 5.625%, Ave. 4.2%.
FHA (Approx. 5% Down) 7.5%. CaI-Vet (5% Down) 8.0%
,
29
9. Elderly Persons with Disabilities
Elderly household members are more likely to be disabled and require housing accessibility
modifications. They also need special security features and access to public transportation and
medical services. Therefore, any newly constructed elderly housing should be strategically
located so that access to these types of facilities is afforded. According to the 1990 Census,
42.3 % (6,455) of those age 65 and older have a mobility or self-care limitation. The disabled
senior citizens include 2,243 with a self-care limitation, which may also include a mobility
limitation. This group of senior citizens need supportive housing services including aid in
accomplishing basic tasks such as bathing and eating. Those services may be provided in the
senior's home or the senior may need to live in a facility with services on-site. The remaining
4,212 disabled senior citizens have a mobility limitation without a self-care limitation. Senior
citizens with a mobility limitation may need modifications to their housing unit in order to provide
better access and may need assistance in maintaining their housing units.
D. NATURE AND EXTENT OF HOMELESSNESS
The City does not have any numerical estimates which reflect methods that are statistically reliable
and eliminate duplicate reporting on the number of homeless (sheltered and/or unsheltered) within
the City of San Bernardino. The City does have the population count in selected group quarters
during the shelter and street enumeration (S-Night) as provided by the Bureau of Census. The
City is well aware that the results reported from the Census S-Night count are not and were never
intended to be a count of the total population of homeless persons.
1990 U. S. Bureau of Census S-Night Enumeration. The S-Night census count enumerated
persons at selected locations where homeless persons were known to be found and does not
represent a complete count of the homeless population. This count represents one of the Census
Bureau's efforts to include homeless persons in the 1990 Census. The S-Night enumeration
counted persons in emergency shelters and visible in street locations. In addition to S-Night, the
Census Bureau counted persons who reported they had no usual home elsewhere during the
standard enumeration of special places and group quarters.
S-Night enumeration took place on a single night, the evening of March 20, 1990 to the early
rnorning of March 21, 1990, at locations identified before the census as locations where homeless
persons are found. S-Night results do not reflect the prevalence of homelessness over a given
year. ~
Prior to S-Night, the Census Bureau compiled a national list of shelters from administrative
records. The Census Bureau requested every local jurisdiction, nationwide, to supplement the list
of shelters, street, and open public locations used by homeless persons at night. The quality of
30
site lists provided by jurisdiction varied. In most cases, the lists met the needs of enumerators
searching for the locations. In some instances, however, descriptions of locations were imprecise,
incorrect, or identified locations where homeless persons could be found during the day but not
at night.
Census takers did not enter abandoned buildings on S-Night. Instead, census takers waited outside
buildings identified by local officials prior to the census and counted persons as they left the
buildings between 4 a.m. and 8 a.m. on March 21, 1990.
S-Night counts probably do not include persons who were well hidden, moving about, or in
shelter or street locations other than those identified before the census. The Census Bureau
specifically excluded some street locations because of the potential danger to both census takers
and homeless persons. Thus, the Census Bureau likely missed persons living in cars, dumpsters,
rooftops, and so forth.
Reports of those observing S-Night operations indicate differences in the visibility of the street
population across the country, influenced by local weather conditions, the availability of shelters,
the presence of the press and police, among other factors. With all this in mind, the 1990 Census
identified 512 homeless persons in San Bernardino. The location and ages of these persons is
identified in table 8.
The S-Night enumeration of 512 homeless in the City of San Bernardino is the only empirically
based number the City has ever received. In addition to the S-Night Count, the San Bernardino
County Homeless Coalition identified 1,083 unduplicated homeless persons in the City of San
Bernardino in November, 1992. Based on reported statistics and data collected through interviews
with service providers in San Bernardino, City staff estimated in 1992 that there were between
1,000 and 1,750 homeless persons in San Bernardino at that time. It is difficult for the City to
determine the actual needs of the sheltered or unsheltered homeless population; the needs are as
varied as the reasons for homelessness. The most common reasons, however, are loss of a job
or lack of job skills, evictions, substance abuse and physical and mental illness.
J
31
<-~,~ .~i""'Ji~J"'_Z;~~ . ;,:-'~~. "''''''"('tt$.'''';>!f~';;s.>i'"'f.';W",,',''c''''~'1!il~~''-.:;'Nfj'~-'.'''~?'::-1'i"':Wi\'!!t'Ot.'''l91. . ,''''''' .
:~~~:F\'~"I;;'~~~~,.t;. .,. ,~~ ' .... .~ .~.\..~:"il;,,"t\~J:.f::\:::$''"'T'AB> "_"-LE-r;"~!;':2'~);~~"" ii'!f:;~ -C.;':~~~.:..~-~~-')..~,^,~, . ~~.,
.....,. ._. _,_<< _. _"." ...... .,.."".q..;"'i'-'!l7.~.""{"- -. ...:<:r .'::". _1>!~"". ". .. -~ .
"",~~~,~~.,....:~~./~,. "._ ~.....". ""-... ~,."-:~~-J..",~.-..., ,.......:.:;: "_.. ,.1- .,.....,.'i:;:~ .~.."..,.:.....~~!.:..-;).;.'!.r~c_"!"~ '.-
,~._.~~"....; ..._"t. '-""'''~'''''''__'~'''''"'.' _,..._......,~._,.'C4I..""''"",___''......i}.i, -........-....\j;.:"a.::&"';.4..~~....'4,~.:;; --
f':';:1,.'>i;POPUEATIONIN'SELECTED GROUP.QUARTERSDURING;S:NIGBT~ENUMERATIO .
',J:':""Y.~.h~Ji:'~~l"""'! .. .' .. ';--".t.~.~:~-i.~~~h ,.'"_.....,.~~_..,~......-f.1~~~(~f~~~~~.'!.>.t.iJf<i~.. ,.. --'
~~~~;;':. i,.''' .;i~.~._.-: .. ,.;--;.Jt~~+:MARCH;20''''1990~.~~~~;;g'o:' ...b-~'... .-
:.!"'..,~. ~;;J.':JSrM:":"'-{'.!''''~'''''~. '" '~""';,..l'...r":~~......._."....,_"........_._..,t_.~,,,..<il"'~t~';~"'A!;.~?H,i.f.!;i....~~.~. ".
'-',;,",-,,.,,c<l;..S\fi.""~it.-7f.<!J' o:"':"CITY'O""SANBERN ARDIN'O'or.L"'>"~"'-".~, "'~ ..',
r~:".~~.;.;['='.~.7'~';T"'.""~~~ . .'~' ~ ~-""":~r. . ,- r." ~~...:.'t:;~$~i .!#-4ni' ~,' :....
Location 0-5 6.12 13-17 18 &
years years years over Total
Emergency Shelters 59 45 28 325 457
Shelters for Runaway, Neglected, and
Homeless Children 0 0 0 0 0
Shelters for Abused Women 6 3 1 4 14
Visible in Street Locations Q Q Z. .12 M
Totals 65 48 31 368 512
Source: 1990 U. S. Census, HUD CHAS Databook, Table 10
There are 24 organizations located in San Bernardino which serve the homeless. These include
13 which offer emergency shelter, nine which provide referrals and counseling and five which
provide emergency food and clothing. The emergency shelters include those for veterans,
homeless youth, the mentally ill, victims of domestic violence and drug and alcohol recovery
programs.
1. Needs of Sheltered Homeless
Homeless shelters include emergency and temporary shelters and transitional housing. Emergency
shelters primarily provide protection from the elements and may include food and bathing
facilities. Temporary shelters provide for longer stays and may include such support services as
family counseling, Transitional housing provides the basic shelter and food needs and is usually
associated with a program to treat the causes of homelessness in order to transition these persons
back into society. The causes of homelessness are varied and may include unemployment,
substance abuse or mental problems. Treatment programs may include substance abuse recovery,
counseling and treatment of mental problems and job training and placement. Once persons have
regained stability and have a reliable income, they can move back into permanent housing.
Many of the homeless or at-risk populations would be able to regain their footing but for the first
and last rnonth's rent required to secure a rental unit. Many require transitional assistance until
they can get themselves back on their feet in a new job. It i~ difficult to know the extent of the
problem as the economy continues to change. Seasonal variations affect the influx and visibility
of the homeless population. The greatest need appears to be rental assistance in the form of
security deposits (first and last month's rent), mortgage assistance, emergency utility assistance,
job referral/training/educational guidance, and basic social skills from budgeting, to coping with
setbacks, to family planning.
32
2. Need for Unsheltered Homeless - Facilities and Services for Homeless Individuals and
Homeless Families with Children
As mentioned previously, the City of San Bernardino has 24 organizations which provide a variety
of services for homeless persons. The scope of homelessness in the area exceeds these
organizations ability to provide services and thus there is an unmet need, although the total need
is unknown.
I 3. Needs of the Unsheltered Homeless
The most pressing need of the unsheltered homeless is to fmd protection from the elements. The
unsheltered horneless may be participating ill food services such as soup kitchens or they may also
be in need of food. Providing this basic need is the fust step in assisting this group. Once this
need is met, then these persons need emergency housing where they can transition into programs
to help them recover from homelessness, such as referrals to services to help the homeless with
substance abuse recovery, counseling and treatment of mental problems, job training and
placement and rental assistance.
The City of San Bernardino has 13 agencies which provide shelter for homeless persons.
However, some of these agencies provide residential alcohol and drug treatment for persons that
are not homeless. These shelters can house a total of 239 persons, however the total homeless
population in the City is estimated to be 1,000 to 1,750 persons. Therefore, there is a need for
additional emergency beds. It should be noted that most alcohol and drug treatment programs in
San Bernardino were developed to handle a need for substance abuse recovery without regard to
homelessness. These facilities may provide occasional assistance to homeless persons but this is
not their focus.
4. Needs of Sub-populations
Sub-populations of the homeless include those with mental disabilities and substance abuse
problems, persons with AIDS, veterans, the unemployed and very low income families. Each of
these subpopulations have different needs including substance abuse recovery, mental treatment,
rnedical treatment and job training and placement.
Needs of Severely Mentally m
San Bernardino residents receive on-going case management of cluonic mental health problems
whether they are homeless or are residents within the City at the San Bernardino County
Department of Mental Health. The staff anticipates there are other persons who are undiagnosed
including visible and hidden homeless who, for whatever reason, do not seek assistance or are
oblivious to their mental health needs. In addition to San Bernardino County, the following
organizations provides services for the mentally ill in San Bernardino:
33
Awareness for Community Development Organization (ACDO)
Catholic Charities
Frazee Community Center
Patton State Hospital
San Bernardino Mental Health Association
County Department of Mental Health
Salvation Army
Alcohol/Drug Dependent
A number or" non-profit agencies provide counseling and referral services for alcohol/drug
dependent homeless persons. There are at least five organizations which provide referral,
counseling, intervention, educational and medical services for homeless suffering from
alcohol/drug dependency. It should be noted that some substance abusers may also suffer from
mental illness. The major deficit in all programs is adequate administrative and operational
funding sources. Organizations offering alcohol and drug recovery programs are as follows:
Casa de Ayuda
New House, Inc.
Samaritan Shelter
Veteran's Alcohol Recovery Program, Inc.
Victory Outreach
Domestic Violence Services
Five agencies provide domestic violence services to San Bernardino residents. From crisis
intervention in the home to rape treatment and counseling and temporary shelter services, the
following five agencies provide referral or assistance:
American Red Cross
Catholic Charities
Option House, Inc.
Family Service Agency of San Bernardino
House of Ruth
Again, the greatest need faced by these organizations is obtaining operational and administrative
funding on a regular, annual basis.
34
Persons with AIDS/HIV +
There are two facilities which provide services to AIDSIHIV + populations, including information
and testing. These agencies are:
San Bernardino County Public Health Department
Inland AIDS Project
Homeless Youth
There is one shelter in San Bernardino that focuses on homeless youth and another that provides
food and clothing. Los Padrinos Youth Services provides temporary shelter for runaway/homeless
youth including individual and family counseling and follow-up services. The Home of
Neighborly Service provides emergency food and clothing to youth and families.
5. Needs of Persons Threatened with Homelessness
Within the City of San Bernardino persons threatened with homelessness would likely be those
households at 30% of area median income or below. These people were discussed within the
subset of very-low income renter and owner households who were cost burdened by 30 to 50%
of their monthly income for rent. These households are at greatest risk for homelessness as any
interruption in their modest income could make them homeless within one to three months
depending on the circumstances.
Of all the very low income renter households at 30% of area median or below who report cost
burden as a significant housing problem, 6,620 of these households report cost burden of greater
than 30%; of those households, 5,471 households report cost burden of greater than 50%. The
cost burdened households include the elderly, small related families, large related families and all
other types with each of these groups reporting more than 76 % cost burden. It can be estimated
that nearly 4,634 very low income renter households have children and are in fmancial danger of
homelessness. Within the very low income owner households, 1,233 households report cost
burden of greater than 50 %, 430 additional households report cost burden of greater than 30 %.
These households are also at-risk since any interruption in income could cause them to fall behind
on their mortgage payments and put them at-risk of foreclosure and potential homelessness. .
In addition to these economic factors, other groups at risk Of homelessness include victims of
domestic violence, substance abusers and those with mental problems.
Table ID - Homeless Population and Sub populations
35
.:..S T..bl. lD
u.s. O."arC"I':"nt ot Hcusi~ IW\d UUl'" I.IU_opm.nt.
Offic:. of Ccrn-nuntcy PtarvUnQ ertd C.veieprno.nt
","i.- population So Sucpopul.tionc
COfT'l9l'sn.naiva HcueinQ AHord..bi1ity Stu,. ~ I (OiASl
In..-trUc:''Jon- fO(' Loa Juri.diction-
'.rt 2: Subpcput.C1lJC'W
'Hom<Il-.. p.,..on- with S.....-i'c:. N..d. R.l.ced till:
SheltlH'ec:t
1%1
I Fiva y..,. Period: I..,tllol' fi.c:.eI yrw.J
1 FY: I W,u,. FY:
\ 1994 I 199a
I I
I Urwheha",d I
\ lal \
I I
\ I
\NIA I
IN/A I
I 1
1 I
10\:31 13\
I \
a97\ 1201
\ I
al,Q \ 1331
I I
I Unah,dt.ed I
I (%1 I
I I
a6% \ 34% \
I I
aa% I 24% I
I I
IN/A I
I \
100% I 0% I
I \
92% I 6% \
I I
IN/A \
I I
I 1
I I
I I
'l,Ifi.dic:tion:
:;~ ~IIW
.rt 1: Tto~"" Pcpul.uaQ
. Sh..ltwed
tAl
T.,,'
lel
:n''T'I~i_. Fa.m"ii- wdh O\ikfr."
Nl,lmb"- 01 HOt1'Mf.c F.",.ii..
"
I
I
I
I
IN/A
1
IN/A
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
\
I
IN/A
I
I
I
I
I
IN/A
I
I
I
I
o
. Number of POT'lIOCW in Homel... F.",iIi..
o
. ).,dl,ltr,a " s y..... and old<<)
lsa
.=me:-- lndivldu.;.
Ycuth n 7 yaMS at yaunoort
a17
.. Total (Iin.. 2+3+4>
o
.~ s.....,.. Mental UTn.- ISMll Onlv
:... Alc:ohoUOth..- ONQ jJ.buJ&. Only
_. SMI &. }JC:Ol-lC~lIOth'"" Oruel Abut-
... Comoctic VicJanca
Heme;". Vouth
.. ,uosm,ol~od or..--
1~ Oth.,. {cpec:iliyl
I
1
Hue 1,Q09G-A 11/931
I
I
~
.
)
~
~
36
.-
, ~
I
Ii
I!
j
1 c\1DW\Sll1"ASI..E1........1
E. Populations with Special Needs - Other than Homeless
Guidelines stipulate that Consolidated Plan plans include a description of special housing needs
that exist in the conununity, such as those of the handicapped, elderly, large families, and single
parent households. The following discussion presents the housing needs of these groups in San
Bernardino.
1. Needs for Supportive Housing
Elderly/Frail Elderly
While only ten percent of the City's residents are over the age of 65, this age group has many
special needs. Many senior citizens have fixed incomes and experience fmancial difficulty in
coping with rising housing costs. This problem will grow in magnitude as the percentage of city
residents that are elderly continues to increase, which has been projected.
Supportive services that are desirable to this population include:
Cl Affordable housing for very low income senior citizens.
Cl Housing which is:
Wheelchair accessible.
Mixed with non-senior housing.
Energy efficient.
Equipped with elevators, door handles for arthritic hands, emergency pull cords, rails
in bathrooms, walk-in tubs with no-slip coating, limited stairs (short and low), colors
to heighten vision.
Cl Services to help elderly age-in-place include:
Congregate meals, service providers for in-home needs, nutrition, housekeeping,
transportation, medical services provided on site, and counseling for age-related
stressors.
Persons with Mental Disabilities
The following supportive housing are desirable for this population:
Cl Apartment complex for people to transition to independent living.
Cl Group home facilities to teach people to live independently.
Cl Support services such as case management, nutrition, budgeting and basic
housekeeping.
Cl Housing in safe areas close to public transportation and stores.
37
CI Community rooms for social activities.
CI Affordable permanent housing to very low income persons.
Persons with Physicalmevelopmental Disabilities
The following supportive housing are desirable for this population:
Housing which is:
CI Affordable to very low and low income disabled persons.
CI Wheelchair accessible.
CI Equipped with roll-in showers, grip bars, ceiling fans with extended cords, low sinks
and light switches, automatic door openers.
CI Close to public transportation and stores.
According to the 1990 Census, 13% of San Bernardino's population age 16 to 64 is disabled.
Another 42 % of the population age 65 and older are disabled.
Respondents to the Community Needs survey identified improvements for handicapped
accessibility as a high priority.
Persons with Alcohol or Other Drug Addictions
Persons with alcohol and other drug addictions often, because of the behavioral reinforcement
their condition requires, need supportive transitional housing after their initial rehabilitation in
order to "practice" their rehabilitated lifestyle. Many require job referral services and educational
guidance.
Persons with AIDS/HIV + and Other Related Diseases
Persons who are HIV positive are a serious "at risk" population. As with the homeless
population, however, this population is largely invisible to any sort of population census. People
who are in this population group become "visible" at the point which they are in most acute need
of housing and supportive services. There is a need for more supportive housing and services for
persons who have lost their ability to generate income to pay for shelter and medical care as a
result of HIV related illness.
/
Large Families
The housing needs of large families within this community are problematic on two counts. First,
there is a limited supply of rental units with 3 or more bedrooms in the City. There are 4,811
38
households those having five or more members which require these rental units. As of the 1990
census, over sixteen percent of all households in the City of San Bernardino require 3 or more
bedrooms.
Often large families have several dependent children and need a location close to day care centers
and schools. A high percentage of these households are low and moderate income. Additionally,
a higher than average percent are paying more than thirty percent of their incomes for rent.
Family Self-Sufficiency Program
In order to assist households in achieving economic self-sufficiency, the San Bernardino County
Housing Authority is developing a Family Self-Sufficiency program. This program will consist
of a network of employers, social service agencies and educational institutions which will provide
participating households with job skills and social services to:
1). Increase the household's income;
2). Make the household self-sufficient; and
3). Eliminate the household's need for rental assistance.
2. CHAS Table IE - Non-Homeless Special Needs Populations
"
39
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Orllco at C=--".~~f ,l...01a, I.. t~l.~:~.
-.:o...4t.:.-l-- S,-=i.1 It-oIa ,o,,,la"i...
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t..c.r'IlCC10.. (ar' t...O<!at JIlt'",,,,.Hcu... '"
-- -- _..---- -------- ----
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1_______1 n,,, r a-I
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l_~_c--1a_ lar TallI_ IL
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Lbe 2- [:ur u. _.t1"..c.oICII .~r .or b'.it elJ.dy
to.._lr.ald.. t. ..... aC s~,pa~':'v. t,a,ulu,_
1t-C.r t.a "?p..tl.h: }.. G...rd tIoIChi.Ua... U-.l .it..ll. u. 0',),5. Car
..ddit,ja.a1 d.Claic.ia.. at ~raa .s.d L. t..ll.i. c.1I1..
Lic.. 3- [:ur c.. ...'Ci.-e.d .a;ab.r at kalll..lr.al.ta
ceapoc.. of ..t 1...'C 0.. p""rsaa _i.U .......~ ~.t&l
Ulc.... b ....... at ",pa~i'" .IlcII,wiC.1.
Tabl. u: pravid.. .. tana&t. tar ....U....UIl' t:,e l....t tar $"'P"~"i.-
to..ic~ tGr a~.r (~a& 'o-al...) popIIl&t.ia.. _\e.ll. .~i..l ......
~ polI"'.tial r--oa.r::. .,..Cl.. .... cli..t. ,ro.", c...y .o~
1&.:.11.....:.
U". (_ L\,,"r u. ..c.....u.. c-.baC" at .Ilo...Il...ld.
=""'"'... .t .a.c 1...1: a.. ........IQ~.....&ull'f (1.~l.d.
~. !D. ....... of .a,p"'~~- lIallsi=.,.
. Sue. or local _acat ~..I~.ll. .".aci_ taC"" pO"",". .;.t.ll. s....rw
...ul 1111.__:
LillO S- [:t.r t~. ..ti_t'" a...-bor a( kau_aald. .
~pa""" a( .r" l_.t. o.e ,aY"'io:aUy dh..t.ct ,...""'.
:I... .__ .t ...,,.._i._ ..-.........
. Stac. cor 1-...1 ......d._ at _..ul ~c.a.rd.c.ia. ClC'" State lcoeal
.......la9'-au.l c"-...AI.J.ld.. ca...c.ila tar '-'Ill. _"e!l. of.-Iap-'auL
41$&bi.U.~1..:
!:.eu'" t~. ...ci=-eM ...bar at !:.ou..aalc!::lI
~ .t at. 1...1: C1e. ,~ rit.ll. olc:.ol/G'C:.r
..." .ddi~l.oa h. .....:1. ot ..,paT"":1_ "0...;'1:'.
. Sr.a'C.. r-1a.lIl.tit.c:,o. .!..ci.o ~ Sc.c.. or 10=1 c.aU~ (or
%~.,..4..t. Llvi.~ (or ,....L. .it.ll. play-ic.1 .:t..lIilit.:t.et
U=.e ,-
. Sue.. IOC'" .~ .,...:1- aa o,i., tlllr elderly ,-plet
b~r c.. ...-ti_c..tl. .a;ab.r at 'a._aaIds
c::a~ ot lot. 1~'C. .0.. ~.t'SG. wi.Q",ullS..... ~l.ta..
"'i~___ h. ........ at sllffa~'1- tallSI.'.
teti.-t.. Cer uy aU.t" c"U..,ety ae a,..cial
...... u..t u. JII:r1.sdlc'daa _y ld..dty ~o ......boar at
'eI..s.Il..aId. i. a_" at S..ppo:rtl.... aa..ia,.
WII.7-
. n. ?:.blLe y..<:r. !.rvi~ c..tAr (a.c" !;It.s.... ~llc=l tcar p"'~a.
.:I.'C..ll.A.ilb..
Ua.lI-
Spacitlc I..~~:tea.:
u... 1- ~c.r u. .ec'i_c.-l aa.hoor ot .ld.rly to._b.alu 1& a.....
oe :I.'I'parc.1..... Il.lIo.i.a,.
------
--_...------~---
1iJD (OO,O-A" 11.1'"
..
"
40
:......
IV. NON-HOUSING COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
A major goal of the City of San Bernardino, in addition to creating and maintaining a viable urban
comrmmity by providing decent housing, is to provide suitable living environment and expand the
economic opportunities for its current and future residents with an emphasis on assisting. This
section of the Consolidated plan will establish the needs of the San Bernardino Community in terms
of economic opportunities, public infrastructure and facilities improvements and crime prevention
activities.
A. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure is the collective, long-term investment by citizens in public facilities and public
infrastructure necessary to their safety and convenience. Examples include transportation facilities
(roads, bridges, fire stations, police substations ), utilities (water systems, hazardous waste disposal,
storm drains and sewers), and public service facilities (libraries, fire stations, police substations). For
many years, key structures such as bridges, roads, bus systems, water supply systems, sewage
treatment, solid waste disposal, and libraries have been taken for granted. Today, these public
facility needs exceed available funding. Unaddressed, the facilities will continue to decline and the
costs of replacing these vital systems could escalate beyond the limits of the City's funding capacity.
The needs of specific kind of infrastructure are addressed below.
Street Rehabilitation - A pavement network is a valuable asset to the population it serves and should
be managed so the value is maintained at an optimum level over the long term. Industry experience
has shown that it is less expensive to invest in preventative maintenance and/or timely rehabilitation
on an ongoing basis, rather than reconstruction on an as needed basis.
In order to implement the most cost effective approach, information concerning performance and the
condition of the pavement network, its rate of deterioration and the impact of rehabilitation efforts
on pavement serviceability levels is required.
The City has determined, based on the age of the City's infrastructure and past repair and
improvement funding limitations, that some type of immediate rehabilitation work is necessary on
all of its streets and major arterial roads. The City prioritizes the form of rehabilitation of streets in
order of cost effectiveness. That is, by preserving our streets with seals and overlays we lengthens
their useful life. Ifwe do not perform rehabilitation work as necessary, streets will further deteriorate
and require complete reconstruction (remove and replace). The estimated unit cost per square foot
of pavement rehabilitation is (slurry seal = 15 cents, cape seal = 40 cents, 2.5" AC overlay =$1.00,
reconstruction - $3.50) $5.05. There is a large range of costs for pavement maintenance. By
effectively preserving our streets with seals and overlays we can minimize the major expense required
for complete reconstruction.
41
HandicalJ Accessibilitv to Public Facilities and Public Walkwavs - As previously stated, persons
with disabilities are in need of mobility and access to public facilities. Correctly serving this
population requires design modifications to housing units, public facilities, senior centers, public
restrooms, parks, etc. to make them accessible to this population. Accessibility to public facilities
and buildings as well public streets and sidewalks is also desirable. Under the Federal Civil Rights
Act and the State Title 24 Handicapped Requirements, local jurisdictions are required to comply with
unfunded Federal mandates. The constraint to comply with these federal mandates is the City's
financial limitations. On an ongoing basis, the City will assess the need for handicap accessible
improvements.
Summary. It is very difficult to solve these large and looming infrastructure problems. Infrastructure
needs in the short run exceed the City's ability to address all of the problems. Since the current
deficiencies in the sewer, storm drain and street systems are paramount, the City will utilize CDBG
funds to address this need.
Public Facilities. The continued preservation of the City's public buildings and facilities is high
priority over the next five years. The City will provide CDBG funding for the rehabilitation of
buildings such as health centers, senior centers, childcare centers, where a benefit to low- and
moderate income households and/or neighborhoods will be realized.
B. JOB CREATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Respondents to the Community Needs Survey identified the following needs as high priority:
employment training, crime awareness, job creation and business support services.
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
The following information is taken from the Quarterly Economic Report published by the Inland
Empire Economic Partnership. The Inland Empire Economic Partnership is a coalition of business
leaders concerned with the area's economic growth and the enhancement of the quality oflife for all.
For more information regarding the Quarterly Economic Report, contact QER writer John Husing,
the IEEP consulting economist, at (909) 425-8925. The direct phone number for IEEP is (909) 941-
7877.
"
Sales Recovery Stalling
Inland Empire home sales indicate that the recent housing recession is continuing.
42
-
Late 1996: Growth ShOUlU Begin
In the second half of 1996, Inland Empire home markets should begin to grow again. As Southern
California's population is up to 25 people for each home built since 1990, a substantial pent-up
demand exists. Also, homes are more affordable since mortgage payments have dropped as interest
rates hit 25-year lows. Finally, Inland Empire new home prices are down and resales are less
expensive than in L.A. or Orange Counties.
Market Demand Forecast
The following Market Demand Forecast is taken from a quarterly newsletter prepared by Market
Profiles which focuses on the Inland Empire. Market Profiles is a real estate market consulting firm
located in Costa Mesa, California. For information regarding the newsletter or other services
provided by Market Profiles, contact Jolm Shumway at (714) 546-3814.
The most important factor influencing the demand for new homes is the rate of employment
expansion. New jobs attract new households to the region, and jobs provide the necessary
purchasing power for home ownership.
The counties of San Bernardino and Riverside are monitored by the State on a combined bi-county
basis. The bi-county area expanded its employment base from 452,700 jobs in 1980 to 755,400 jobs
in 1990. The figures represent a gain of302,700 new jobs, or a 5.4 percent annual growth rate.
The bi-county job base declined in 1991 by 0.8 percent due to the national econornic slowdown that
began in mid-1990. This is a relatively strong performance compared to the other counties of
Southern California, each of which experienced a decline in total employment during 1991 of more
than 2.0 percent. The relatively strong performance is partially due to the strong growth momentum
that had been built up over the past four years. The rate of employment growth in the Riverside/San
Bernardino bi-county region continued to decelerate throughout 1991.
Employment growth is projected to retum in the later half of 1993, with an increase of between 0.5
and 1.5 percent. The rate of growth is projected to increase to between 2.0 and 4.0 percent in 1994
and 1995.
Projected New-Home Demand
There is a direct relationship between new home sales and the strength of the regional economy.
Coincident with a decline in total employment, the San Bernardino County new-home market
exhibited considerable weakness in 1992. However, total employment in San Bernardino county
is projected to post a modest increase between 0.5 and 1.0 percent in 1993. The shift from negative
to positive employment gains is projected to result in higher new-home sales volume for San
Bernardino market area by the end of 1993.
The increase in sales projected for the San Bernardino market area is much smaller than the increases
in employment and the increases in sales in other market areas. The area will not benefit from in
increase in the household base due to new jobs. However, modest sales increases will emanate from
43
a strengthening of consun.~. confidence as the regional economic . ~tlook improves. This will
enable the release of pent-up demand caused by delayed purchase decisions among the existing
household base.
The Competitive Housing Market Report
The following infonnation is taken from a quarterly report prepared by The Meyers Group. The
Meyers Group is a real estate infonnation consulting services [um with five offices located
throughout the western United States. For infonnation regarding the quarterly report or other
services provided by The Meyers Group, contact Steve Johnson at (714) 660-6160.
Inventory levels dropped for the third consecutive quarter and are now at the lowest level since the
Fourth Quarter of 1989. A total of2,192 units (a 1.5% decrease) were released and unsold at the end
of the Fourth Quarter compared to 2,226 units of inventory in the Third Quarter. The current trend
is towards smaller phase releases of usually not more than 10 units. this should keep these inventory
figures well below those seen over the last few years. The newer projects appear to be more
carefully designed to target a specific buyer profile, both in tenns of product design, and price, thus
prompting quicker sales rates and fewer inventory units.
Existing projects continue to sell out with buyer incentives and lower prices. For the Fourth Quarter
of 1992, each submarket had at least one project that sold better than 1.0 units per week. Chapparral
II, by Century Homes in San Bernardino had 22 sales. During the fourth quarter of'92, Barratt's new
project in San Bernardino, "Villanova" eamed a 3.89 sales average per week since coming on-line
in January of 1992.
Emplovment Trends. The largest employers in the City of San Bernardino are in the retail and
office sectors. The City has two regional malls, the Carousel Mall and the Inland Center Mall.
Other large employers, each employing over 1,000 persons, are: San Bernardino County, San
Bernardino City Unified School District, San Bernardino County Medical Center, S1. Bernardino
Medical Center, the City of San Bernardino, San Bernardino County Hospital, California State
University, San Bernardino, Stater Brothers Markets and TRW. The labor force in the City of San
Bernardino constitutes 60.8% of the population age 16 and older. Of the female pulation age 16 and
older, 50.9% are in the labor force. The following table provides employment data.
~. '~. J., .~.~ <. -'~ ,~.t~(TBBi;~~2Y,;;S\i'f::t~'~~~~~"~:~ii<~~~~t~;8~;:!:::::t[~~f~;~f;:\~~~~~1f..~~1t~~~.~~~'.
~.r,1::,>.=..~..~.'~...',,-;.:..,-.'.,-.:,'.;.:.~I.~.:<~.,.:.~:'1.~,c.'.~,:.',~.' MP ARATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT RA TES.':/ :.':~~';,c'';';,.!:::
~: ~~":--;::,- - :_---~~- ',' _~'-~~:}}~:cirr'o:fsA.'N BERNARriiNo,~'B,~r:i;:tj~~~~~~~~W-gr'
.
1990 .- 1993
City of San Bernard ino 11.0% 12.1%
San Bernardino Cou nty 7.6% 11.7%
State of California 5.6% 9.8%
United States 5.5% 6.8%
Sources: Calif. State Dept. of Labor, July 1993 except San Bernardino, May
1993.
1990 Census.
44
i
As these figures show, San Bernardino has higher unemployment than the region, state and nation.
The 1990 Census also she j that San Bernardino had higher unem jment than the county, state
and nation. The change from 1990 to 1993 reflects the economic recession that still plagues
California and Southern California in particular. It should be noted that, while the City of San
Bernardino has a higher unemployment rate, the change from 1990 to 1993 has been less severe and
comparatively, the City has not lost as many jobs as the other areas.
During the Consolidated Plan development process, increases injob growth and opportunities were
cited by public participants most frequently as being the most important factor in improving housing
affordability within the region. Many participants expressed the opinion that once job growth
improved, all employment sectors would be revived and a higher level of employment coupled with
higher wage job growth would assist the City's overall population in obtaining and keeping jobs
which would allow the purchase or rental of adequate, affordable housing.
Barriers To Economic Oooortunity: Economic opportunity is affected by the visual appearance of
commercial land industrial properties in the City. The overall appearance is such that it tends to
discourage property maintenance and may impact expansion or relocation decisions. One of the
long-term effects of these conditions, is that large portions of the commercial and industrial area
have exposed storage yards with no buffering, landscaping, or architectural barriers.
Portions of the business districts are poorly maintained and in need of repair. For the most part,
adaptive reuse of many older buildings has been unsuccessful, resulting in inconsistent, physical
conditions and appearance, site overcrowding, lack of storage space and lack of parking. In general
the current property and structural conditions of these structures do not meet existing building codes
and zoning standards. This prohibits upgrading and expansion because of the excessive cost that
would be necessary to meet minimum standards. The physical condition of the district makes it
more difficult for private persons to obtain financing to purchase and/or rehabilitate property within
these deteriorating areas.
Another barrier to econornic development is the mixed-use of building types, sizes, and architectural
styles, with no continuity or conformance to existing development standards. The results of sporadic,
outdated development, greatly amplify the difficulties associated with public improvements and
targeted revitalization involving multiple parcels. Difficulties are also associated with related public
infrastructure improvements, including upgrading sewer systems, roadways, accessibility, and other
utilities.
Need for Job Traininr and Business Retention Prorrams. In June of 1994, the City in conjunction
with several other public agencies and private organizations prepared an application to the federal
government known as the "Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Communities Application. This
Application identified the needs of a specific area of the City which is very distressed. This zone,
as it is referred to, for the most part coincides with the census tracts identified previously in this
Consolidated Plan as low-income census tracts. According to the 1990 census, 38.7% of the
residents live below the poverty line; the average unemployment rate is 17.10% and 32% of the
residents rely on public assistance.
45
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0: l) N '<t <0 o:l ~
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46
These characteristics are ir._.~ative of a need on the part of the City tl, cvelop job training programs
to assist these persons in rising above the poverty level. It is the intent of the City, when feasible,
to utilize redevelopment monies as well as CDBG funds to provide business retention programs and
job training programs to economically empower the residents of these neighborhoods.
San Bernardino Emolovment and Trainin~ (SBETA). The San Bernardino Employment and
Training (SBETA) is responsible for measurable and monitorable employment and job training
programs for more than twenty years. Job training is paramount to available employment
opportunities. Collaboration with the community has always been an integral part of the SBETA's
job training effort. The training programs being administered today by the SBETA require very
strict eligible requirements for those in desperate need of job training through government programs.
There is a great need to train or retrain adult unemployed who may not meet the strict eligibility
requirements for JPTA and other programs. This group is being locked out. Many of the City's
residents are educated yet unemployable due to changes in demand occupations. Many may be
existing on savings from good jobs once held, yet are diminishing savings due to economic changes
and the inability to enrolling retraining programs due to being ineligible. Serious effort must be
initiated to accommodate those in this emergency situation. This is particularly true of persons
previously unemployed because of the recent closure of Norton Air Force base.
Busbless Environment If San Bernardino is to diversify its economic base, existing "export" firms
must remain in the City and expand, and new firms must be convinced to migrate to it. In the
competitive era, with companies willing to locate anywhere, it is up to the City to create an
environment which entrepreneurs and executives see as the most favorable to their operations.
Specifically, the targets of a retention and expansion strategy must be those companies whose
customers mostly lie outside the City and/or the region. These firms are in the economic base as
they draw dollars to the community. They include manufacturers such as Cobra Industries, Accent
Furniture and Anita's Mexican Food; service companies like Automated Health Services Laundry
and Santa Fe Railroad; restaurants like TGIF or Le Rendezvous; and regional retail stores like Harris
Company, Gottschalks, and Sears.
In creating a retention and expansion strategy, it should be noted that small firms are of equal
importance to large ones. While the latter may represent much of to day's economic base, smaller
companies provide most of tomorrow's job growth. This is particularly true in a newer economic
zone like the Inland Empire. Here, despite the defense cutback, the economy has addedjobs because
existing small firms have continued growing and new ones keep migrating to the region. San
Bernardino has seen its share of smaller firms grow up to be major employers. In the past,
MacDonalds started as two brothers with a hamburger stand on "E" street. GE Capital's San
Bernardino operation was once San Bernardino Mortgage and Loan. Anita's Foods was a family
business just off of Mt. Vemon. Crown Printers started as three brothers working together. Today,
a new generation of firms such as Games For Fun and Health Sciences Data Corporatior are
proving the truth of this axiom again.
47
Grafitti
Established Graffiti Removal Program.
Vandalism
Bicycle patrol.
Safety
Code enforcement and neighborhood watch
programs.
Neighborhood Revitalization
Neighborhood maintenance including tree
trimming. painting, repairs and graffiti
removal.
Gangs
Youth Intervention Program
Homeless
Homeless Coalition
11~.:~:I:I,ill_I~lllir.:'... ::::11.1.1,'11
.". ,... .-----, . .- , ....
Job Creation
Support existing business districts with low-
interest loans and grants.
Business support and counseling programs
(e.g. SCORE)
Job linkage and training program.
'il'llIlllillllllillllliI1tliillliilllillllil
Seismic Retrofit
Code Enforcement
48
Summary
Past and current assessments of need determine that the major problem facing low income residents
of San Bernardino is overpayment or high cost of housing coupled with unemployment and/or
underemployment. To assist in rectifying these impediments, the City may create job training
opportunities utilizing CDBG and other funds as appropriate. Commercial rehabilitation will also
be pursued by the City in an attempt to ameliorate the health and safety code violations and promote
the viability of neighborhoods where very low and low-income households reside.
C. PUBLIC SERVICES
Public Safety - A major goal of the City of San Bernardino is to create a Manifesto for crime-
prevention revolution that will be successful in sharply reducing crime in its neighborhoods, schools
and entire cities. There are currently three active organizations in the City: (I) San Bernardino
Neighborhood Watch; (2) San Bernardino Police and Sheriffs Departments; and (3) the Citizens
Patrol Organization.
The City in its endeavors to provide a safe living environment for all of its residents with an
emphasis on residents in low-income neighborhoods is to expand the availability of the
Neighborhood Watch Association on a daily basis to lower income residents in the City. To assist
in reducing crime overall in these neighborhoods, the City will pursue the acquisition of various
pieces of equipment such as portable scanners and hand engravers. These types of equipment will
enable the City to (1) keep track of actual day to day crimes, locations and physical description of
suspects and (2) make it easier for citizens to report the stolen items, respectively.
The hiring of additional police officers may also be considered by the City over the next five year
period as an active measure to provide a safer and more protected environment for all of its residents.
D. CONCLUSION
San Bernardino's limited resources are not adequate to address all the housing requirements of low-
and moderate-income households, elderly residents, people with special needs, and other in-need
populations. The size of the housing problem is large if considering only the affordable housing
shortage, abating lead based paint hazards, and rehabilitating pousing units.
The infrastructure problem facing San Bernardino is also overwhelming.
All these problems facing the City have accumulated over decades, and their resolution will take
49
many years. The people 0_ -,an Bernardino share in the task of eX1- -ing creative approaches to
expanding the supply of housing, eliminating homelessness, solving the infrastructure deficiencies,
and increasing employment and the wage levels of San Bernardino's employees.
HUD funding sources are extremely small, about $5 million, in relation to the size of the City's
needs, as noted above. Yet, the City intends to move forward in securing and applying all federal,
state, and private resources in resolving the City's housing, homeless, infrastructure, and economic
development problems, one year and one step at a time.
..
50
Iv. HOUSING AND MARKET ANALYSIS
The Housing and Market Analysis section of the San Bernardino Consolidated Plan provides a
description of the City's residents, highlights key market and housing characteristics and identifies
the primary housing needs within the community, and the available resources to develop affordable
housing opportunities.
Specifically, this section of the Consolidated Plan will assess who lives in San Bernardino, what are
the past, current and future housing and Non-housing characteristics in the City, what problems and
opportunities exist given the composite of resident needs and housing and non-housing
characteristics 'and what actions and resources have historically been used to meet the City's housing
needs.
A. Market and Inventory Characteristics
In order to create a context for the Consolidated Plan, the City describes important factors, trends,
and general population characteristics in the following section. This section provides a general
background of San Bernardino citizens, neighborhoods, and economic and social factors affecting
the community.
1. Community Description
a. Background and Trends
Incorporated in 1854, the City of San Bernardino is proud of its heritage and rich cultural diversity.
Located at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains in the "Heart of the Inland Empire", and within
easy proximity of ocean beaches, desert playgrounds and mountain resorts, San Bernardino offers
the best possible location for recreation, culture, and employment opportunities. The City is served
by major transportation corridors including Interstates 10 and 215, railroads and the Metrolink
commuter train linking Los Angeles employment with affordable, quality housing. San Bernardino
is located within easy proximity of Southern California's chief employment centers of Los Angeles
and Orange counties, making it a "strategic" residential location. San Bernardino is the County Seat
for San Bernardino County, the largest county in the continental United States, and is the area's
governmental, fmancial and business center.
Accelerated job growth and the City of San Bernardino's number one ranking in population, retail
sales, and financial deposits within the county, all contribute to its significant attractiveness for new
development. From 1980 to 1990 San Bernardino's population grew by approximately 50%. The
City's current population of roughly 181,000 residents is expected to grow to 228,000 by the year
2010. Acceleratedjob growth is forecast for San Bernardino into the next.centuIy, thus highlighting
the need for significant additional housing opportunities.
51
There is an ample supply of inexpensive, undeveloped land within the city of San Bernardino. Land
values are such that entr) . vel homes can be built to attract fust .e buyers and more upscale
development is also possible in the prestigious hillside communities of the City.
One of San Bernardino's most attractive qualities is central location relative to the recreational
playgrounds and cultural attractions of Southern Califomia. It is within a 60-minute drive of Pacific
Ocean beaches, desert communities such as Palm Springs, the mountain resorts of Lake Arrowhead
and Big Bear, Disneyland and downtown Los Angeles.
In terms of transportation, San Bernardino is extremely well connected. One of the largest freight
airports in the world, Ontario International Airport, is located less than 25 miles from the city of San
Bernardino.
Locally, the city features is own cultural at'.ractions including a Civic Light Opera Association, and
county museum of Natural History.
A complete array of educational facilities are available in San Bernardino including: 39 elementary
schools, eight middle schools, six senior high schools, five "special needs" schools (including Adult
Education), and five children's centers for pre-schoolers. San Bernardino Valley College and
California State University, San Bernardino, are also located within the city. A variety of other
institutions are located within a ten mile radius include the world-renowned Loma Linda University
Medical Center, the University of Redlands and the University ofCalifomia at Riverside.
Household Income
The median family income in the City of San Bernardino is $28,843 according to 1990 Census data.
TIlls is 28% less than the median income within San Bernardino County of$36,977. Based on these
numbers, a very low income family (one whose income is 50% or less of the San Bernardino City
median income) in the City of San Bernardino would have an annual income of $14,422 or less.
Families with low incomes (one whose income is between 50 and 80 percent of the San Bernardino
City median) would range from $14,423-23,074 per year. The following table provides the income
breakdown according to the City's median family income.
1990 Census Median Income, City of San Bernardino
$28,843
Category
Definition
Income Range
Very Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
High Income
Less than 50% of Median
5 I to 80% of Median
81 to 95% of Median
More than 95% of Median
Less than $ I 4,422
$14,423 - $23,074
$23,075 - $27,400
More than $27,400
Source: 1990 Census, CHAS Table IA
For reference purposes, the HUD adjusted 1993 median family income for the City of San
52
Bernardino is $41,000. The HUD median family income is significantly higher than the City's
median family income since the HUD number is a regional figure for San Bernardino County that
includes the higher income communities in the western portion of the County.
b. Demographics
General Population
According to the Bureau of the Census, the 1990 population of the City of San Bernardino was 164,164
persons. It is the most populous city in San Bernardino County and grew throughout the last decade by
39.7%. In 1990, the City of San Bernardino had approximately 11.6% of the total County population of
1,418,380. The City's population increased by 39.7% while the County's population increased by 58.5%
between 1980 and 1990. The City's current population is estimated at 181,000 as of January 1, 1993.
Year
Population
0/0 Increase from prior
census
1970
1980
1990
106,869
117,490
164,164
N/A
13%
39.7%
Source: U. S. Census (1970,1980,1990)
The population growth of the past decade may be attributed to increasing migration to the Inland Empire
from Los Angeles and Orange counties as well as increased immigration from Mexico.
Household Population
The number of households in the City of San Bernardino increased by 11,657 between 1980 and 1990 to
a total of 54,482. The average household size increased from 2.62-persons in 1980 to 2.9 persons in 1990.
Family groups make up 70% of these households, including female-headed households which comprise
17.5% of the total household population.
The average household size for renter-occupied households is 2.97 persons per unit as compared to 2.84
persons per unit for owner occupied households. However, the average housing unit size for renters is 3.8
53
rooms while owners average 5.5 rooms. The data on overcrowding confiIIIllthat renter households have
a more difficult time finding housing of an adequate size. City-wide, there are 7,924 overcrowded
households, representing 14.5% of the total households. An overcrowded unit is defined as having more
than 1.01 persons per room (excluding bathrooms, halls, foyers, porches and half-rooms). Among renter
households, 21.5% (5,603) are overcrowded with almost one-quarter of those units (1,350) containing more
than 2.01 persons per room. Owner-occupied households include 2,321 (8.2%) units that are overcrowded.
\Y:!{~~~l.;t:g~J:g*!~.f;[~~\!~iX~~f;tiJ
Characteristic 1980 1990
Total Households 45,260 54,482
Total Families 29,636 38,368
% Families 65% 70%
Single Person Households 11,141 12,722
% Single 25% 23%
Average Household Size 2.62 2.9
Overcrowded (1.01+ 3,123 7,924
persons per room) (6.9%) (14.5%)
Source: U. S. Census (1980,1990)
From 1980 to 1990 the median age decreased from 30.1 to 28.2. The largest segment of the population
is adults ages 25 to 44, comprising 32.6% of the City's population. School age children, ages 5 through
18, are the next largest group, with 22.3% of the population. The smallest segment of the population is
senior citizens, age 65 and older, with 10% of the City's total. Table 14 illustrates the City's age
distribution.
/
54
TABLE 18
AGE DlSTRIBUTION
CITY OF SAN BERNARDlNO ..
Aee
0-4 (Pre-School)
5-18 (School)
19-24 (Young Adult) .
25-44 (Adult)
45-64 (Middle Age)
65+ (Senior Citizens)
Number
17,698
36,533
17,084
53,589
22,864
16396
164,164
Percent
10.8%
22.3%
10.4%
32.6%
13.9%
10.0%
100.0%
Source: 1990 Census
Persons living in group quarters. Also noted at the time of the 1990 census was the fact that 4,071
people, or 2.5% of the City's residents, live in group quarters such as mental hospitals, homes for the
aged, group homes and dormitories. Additionally, 1,988 live in correctional institutions. There is no
comparable 1980 data, as this was not collected for the 1980 census. Comments received during the
Consolidated Plan development process from the public indicates that some persons in the community
believe the de-institutionalization of the mentally ill from the San Bernardino County Mental Health
facility has contributed to the rise in the homeless population within the City.
c. Racial and Ethnic Characteristic
The City of San Bernardino is one of ethnic diversity. According to the 1990 U.S. Census, whites are
the largest racial group, with 45.6% of the population. Hispanics represented the next largest ethnic
group in San Bernardino, with an increase in total population growing from 25% in 1980 to 35% in
1990. Blacks comprise just over 15% and Asians/Pacific Islanders comprise almost 4% of the City's
population. The Black population grew by 47% and the Asian/Pacific Islander population grew by
254% over the decade. Table 16 on the following page provides the population's ethnic and racial
distribution.
Concentration of Racial/Ethnic Minorities and/or Low Income Families. An "area of low-income
concentration" is defined as a specific section of the City where lower income households (less than
80% of median) reside in concentrations of 50% or greater. Similarly, an "area of racial/ethnic
minority" means specific regions of the community where minorities constitute 50% or more of the
population wi thin the census tract. ..
55
TAB&'i9'<"'::',:~1i,i~;~tf~(,-~~~~~%l','t3;~i';~:';
AND ETHNICITY "....~." ",' " t
SAN BERNARI>INOf'i~:i.{~~: :;-;)" .,. ,','
R8celEtbnicity 1980 1990 Prrccoto(
Total
Native American 1~26 1,173 0.7%
Asian 1,732 6,195 3.8%
Black 17,089 2S,164 15.3%
White 67,035 74,817 45.6%
Other 4S0 402 0.2%
~ 29858 56413 34,4%
Total 117,490 164.164 100.0%
Source: U.S. Census 1980 and 1990 data.
RaciallEthnic Concentrations. While individuals of all ethnic groups can be found throughout the
City, slightly higher concentrations of specific populations can be found in the following areas:
City All Minorities
Ward White Hispanic Black Asian Other
InWard 5,459 13.857 3.620 1.222 276 18.975
2nd Ward 10,283 10,158 3,023 884 247 14,312
3rd Ward 8,059 11,869 2,716 1,435 198 16,218
4th Ward 18,321 3,044 1.932 817 225 6,018
5th Ward 16.183 4.589 2,306 1.080 224 8.199
6th Ward 3,160 10,471 9.737 836 191 21,235
7th Ward 16,165 4,483 2.508 609 209 8.169
Source: City of San Bernardino Clerk's Office. Rachel Krasney, Cil)' Clerk, February, 1992.
The First, Second, Third and Sixth Wards are all areas of minority concentration in the City of San
Bernardino. A map of the wards with these concentrations marked is presented at the end of this section
(Map I).
Low-Income Concentrations. Historically, low-income concentrations tend to coincide with areas of
racial/ethnic concentrations. Data on low-income concentr'ltions in San Bernardino confirm this
tendency since the census tracts within which the median income is less than 80% of area median
income generally overlay the wards in which there is an ethniclracial concentration of 50% or more.
This information is presented on Map 2 at the end of this section.
Households Below Poverty Level. Poverty thresholds are revised periodically to allow for changes
in the cost of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index, The average poverty threshold for a
family off our persons was $12,674 for 1989, Poverty thresholds are applied on a national basis and
56
are not adjusted for regional, state or local variations in the cost of living. Consequently, the true
number of impoverished persons in San Bernardino is higher than revealed by the 1990 Census since
the cost of living in the area is higher than national figures due to higher housing costs. As of 1989,
7,613 families had incomes below the poverty line; this figure represents 19% of all families in the City.
Based on these statistics, nearly 1 in 5 families lived in poverty in the City of San Bernardino during
1989.
, ." . ... ..:"'~..~,',,<,.-:,:~;,.'.;,"...'~_!.:,'.;...'~.?:/~::.:~:'":,,~,,,'~~~',::"-~"'.::.;.~i<"--.~'.(.' -'v" .. :'<:"'~'...'~~:;~."/::".:.:,"::,(~_.~:~.' r. .,<_... .'"".."
-.'. ~.-->.~~.,~,.~., - . ':-, - - . ,'_"~'.;.l:/~:>i:.;~,<;<'.::;,<.;.jj'~::
..,.~~<~;~.~:, ~~ .~?~;~;;.;~i: '~::'H?~i~:g;~~~~~~~~1);';;,: .:::}2<:;;~i:~{i:;i;~aJl
Below Poverty Level Above Poverty uvel
Household Type . % . %
Households Below Poverty Level 9,808 180/. 44,836 82%
Families 7.532 19% 31.504 81%
Married Couple Family:
With Chilclrcn 0-17 2.128 14% 12.971 86%
No Children under 18 391 3% 11,115 970/.
Female-Headed Family:
With Children 0-17 4,106 56% 3,270 44%
No Children under 18 318 14% 1.962 86%
Elderly (65.) 1,193 It% to.674 89%
Source: 1990 U.S. Censw ~ SCAG 29 Page Profile.
A substantially higher portion of the City's families (19%) live in poverty when compared with the State
rate of 9.3%, and the County rate of 10.3%, as defined by the 1990 U.S, Census. Black, Hispanic, and
Asian households are disproportionately represented in very low-income categories, exceeding 40% or
more. This indicates that there is likely to be a higher concentration of these households experiencing
life at poverty level than White or Native American households experience.
Another indication of impoverishment is the number of households registering for public assistance
programs. Records kept by the County Department of Public Social Services (DPSS) show a
tremendous increase in case load in the public assistance programs. According to the May 1993 reports
of case counts, 28,840 households were on some form of public assistance in the San Bernardino City
area This is a 68% increase from the 1988 case load of 17,000. These households have a population
of74,314 persons. The average monthly grant amounts to AFDC recipients is $554 which was reduced
by the State of California in FY 92 due to grant rollbacks and other state funding reductions.
In the past three years DPSS monthly intake has doubled. Officials report in increased migration from
Los Angeles and Orange County due to housing costs and constraints in these areas. In San Bernardino,
3,247 new applications are received each month. At this time, combining all types of assistance, 45%
of the total population receives some type of public assistance.
57
'~>;._~"-"~ ~ .,' -
~ T ABL:E.. 22~'~~rD:-::;~.f:,-:i{~iri(~~~;:~~;f~'~~::i~:.::'~~<:?
OF PIJBLIC ASSIST AN."CE ;f:":~7::;, ..'
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO'..';-!!" ~ .:".,.... .,'....
Caseload
Persons
AFDC
15,328
45.371
Food Stamps Only
7,315
28,746
General Relief
197
197
28,840
74.314
Source: County Dept. of Public Social Services,
May 1993.
Maps
CHAS Table lA
J
58
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60
C.U,A,S T.:lCI. 1A
. u.,;;;.....,...................--
cr.it:. 01 CQmmunity PI;lMinq nod OavatopmeN;
Pap\.lQUOn Z. HD~.hold Catl
Comprehen~ive Hou~in9 Mord:1bility SIr->'- -., (CHAs)
tn"truc;:;on~ (ot loc:;ll Juti~diC:on~
Name cl ..lu~n:
. of S.an aemardino
1 1960 1 19$0 1
I C.n:su~ Oata I Cam,;u~ Oata I
I {.'l I (8) 1
~ I I
1.. 67.~1 74,T.lll
1 I 1
I 1 I
I 17.0691 25.045 1
I I 1
I ' I
I 29.654\ ~.75S I
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\ . 1.3261 1.0961
I \ 1
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\ 1,132\ 6.1341
1 \ \
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1 450\ 4031
I \ 1
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I 117.490 I 104.1641
I 1 I
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1 112.460 I 1~.1051
1 1 \
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1 5.0241 6.0,;s 1
1 1 I
%
Chang-
(C)
O. Ralative Med!an lnccme o( .!urisdlc:::on
\ I 1 I
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, I I I
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\ Total \ % .{T.b! 1 % Very Low I % O'.h.rL.... 1 %Mod.,," I % I
\ Hou:sahc!C.s I Household~ I lnccm. I Ineome I tnc:=m. 1 _vo I
I 1990 \ I Q..SC"Ja MR. I 51~% MF1' I 61.95", MFl"" I 9S'JiMFl. I
\ (.') \ (Bl I (Cl' I (0) 1 (E) I (FJ \
I 30,3921 =:6~1 26~1 : 16%1 6% 1 50% \
I I \ I I \
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I 6.0791 15%1 46%\ 17'Jo1 7% 1 3<J%\
I 1 I \ I. I I
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I 14.111\ 26% I 39%1 23%\ 9% 1 29% I ,.
I 1 \ I " \ I I
I \ I \ I I I
1 4341 1%1 31%\ 26% \ 10% 1 33%1
I I I I I I I
\ I I 1 I 1 I
I 1~1 3% 1 47'Jo I 11%1 6%1 37% \
1 I I I I I 1
I \ \ I I , -t
I . 54,044 I l00'J0l 3:1%1 16%1 6% I 41% 1
1 I 1 I I I I
. Or. bu.d upon HUO ;;djustad lnccm.limib,l applicbl.
HUO 4OO9<M (1193)
I
I
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11%1
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47'.61
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I
$0'.61
I
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.17% I
\
I
254"' I
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1
I
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41% 1
1
I
21% 1
I
40 _ Pepula.col1
i. Whil4 (noo-Hbpnlcl
I ~ :z.. S.dc (ncn-Hio".rUcl
~ ~panic (ail (3~)
r
-4. N2Cv. Americ:::m
(ncn-Hiopnic)
....~
1
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(non-Hi~panic)
So 0'."" (ncn-Hiopanfc)
~
7.. TcblFopuLaticn
r
a. Ho~hcld Papulation
s. NotW-louschold Population
~
S.. S~l ~t2gories
(e.g. s-::udents. military. migrant tarm WCI'Xer:s..etc.)
1 MSAM....n 1
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61
2. Market and Inventory Conditions
This section of the FY 1995-1999 Consolidated Plan is comprised of four sections. The first part
surrunarizes the City of San Bernardino's general housing market and inventory conditions in terms of
supply, demand, condition and cost. The second part discusses the availability of any assisted housing,
Section 8 housing and public housing. The third part is an inventory of facilities and services for the
homeless, and services for those at risk ofbeco?Jing homeless. Part four inventories supportive housing
for non-homeless persons in need of special assistance. CHAS Table IB, at the end of this section,
reviews much of the narrative put forth here.
a. General Market and Inventory
Housine- Needs for the Next Five Years. By state law, the Southern California Association of
Governments (SCAG) is required to provide a Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA), which
estimates future housing needs by income groups. However, due to budget constraints at the state level,
the RHNA mandate has been temporarily suspended. The most recent RHNA projections are for the
years 1988-1994 and are thus not current for the time period covered by this Consolidated Plan.
However, the distribution by income group still applies and is shown in the following table.
Income Group
Percent
Very Low Income
Low Income
Moderate Income
High Income
TOTAL
14.4%
23.3%
22.4%
l2.2.%
100.0%
Source:
Regional Housing Needs Assessment, 1988-1994, Southern California Association of
Governments.
The SCAG estimate is a rough breakout of how much housing development each city within Southern
California is "responsible for" given anticipated population growth rates and other factors. This
estimate is simply a tool which Southern California communities use in the evaluation and development
of their General Plans.
,
62
Housing Supply and Demand
The 1990 Census data indicates a total of year-round housing in San Bernardino at 58,804 units.
Approximately 93% of these units are occupied, with 26,014 (44.2%) renter-occupied and 28,468
(48.4%) owner-occupied. The vacancy rate at the time of the 1990 Census was 8.5% for rental units
or 2,407 rental vacancies and 2.1 % for owner units or 609 owner-occupied units available for sale.
There was a total housing unit increase of 26.6% (12,346 units) during the 1980's from 46,458 to
58,804. During this same time period, population increased by 39.7% which indicates that the housing
stock did not grow at the same rate as the population. The overall vacancy rate for 1990 was 5.1%.
Table 21 shows the number and type of housing units in the City of San Bernardino in 1980 and 1990.
..' ''''~.'' ;'~~'::<);.::". ". ,," \'.:.:,,~:' -.','-' - -, '" :Jj;<';~,,:,
" . .......,. ::~:~;, . TABLE 21 ,,'. ,',-'.'.
~;,,?j::~~;r!;';;,,;:' ~':^<: .H~~;ig~si~;~:~:~~~ :','," .~' "',:';;",~.
Type 1980 Percent 1990 Percent
Single-Family 31,990 68.9% 35,698 60.7%
Multiple Family 11,472 24.7% 18,709 31.8%
Mobile Homes 2,958 6.4% 4,397 7.5%
TOTAL 46,428 100.0% 58,804 100.0%
Source: 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census.
Owner-Occupied Units. In 1990, there were 28,468 owner-occupied units in the City. These totaled
48.4% of the total occupied housing stock. As of 1990,80,962 persons or 49.3% of the total population
resided in owner-occupied units. Over 86% of all owner-occupants live in single family detached
homes. The second highest percentage are the 9% of all owner-occupants living in mobile homes. The
remaining 5% of owner-occupants live in condominiums or single family attached homes.
Rental Units. In the City of San Bernardino, 44.2% of all occupied housing units are renter occupied.
In 1990, approximately 76,509 persons occupied these rental units. Forty percent of all renters occupied
single-family detached units. The second highest percentage, or 13% of all renters, occupied three and
four unit garden apartments. The remaining 47% of all renters occupied a varied mix of units from
single family attached rental units to large apartment complexes and mobile homes.
According to local real estate brokers, the vacancy rate in the rental market currently fluctuates between
15 and 20 percent. This is thought to be a result of the national recession and its impact on the local
economy.
63
~~~1f~;~~~~i~~~~~~1~f~~~;~~%1~i~l~iI.~,l~~~~'~'
':i'."-"""'"~~':"': "'~:""'~\"':A VAlLABLE RENTAI:AND OWNER'UNlTS'.''''''"~';~~\"(t,.",~.,,'. ..
;i}~~~f{~t~:i;(i~~~j~~~~~~l~7;,CIT'Y~OF,~S'AN-~ERNAiIDiN01~~~t@;~~~~4~?~ "
Category
o and I Bedroom
2 bed roo ms
3 or more bedrooms
Renter
Owner
11,4910r40%
2,326 or 8%
11,941 or 42%
9,013 or 31%
4,989 or 18%
17,738 or 61%
Source: U.S. 1990 Census, CRAS Table IB
Overcrowding
The 1990 Census showed that there are 7,924 overcrowded housing units, representing 14.5% of the
occupied units. Overcrowding is more severe among renters, with 5,603 (21.5%) overcrowded rental
units. However, overcrowding is also an issue with some owners, since 2,321 (8.2%) of the owner-
occupied units are overcrowded.
The City of San Bernardino contains 2,302 large households (7 or more persons) comprising 4.2% of
the total households. As the statistics on overcrowding would suggest, large households have special
needs in fmding housing that is of an adequate size. Table 22 illustrates the number of persons per unit
for both renter and owner households.
~~~~'~':f;~~~,~t~;L.;~ff~~;~~";:~~'~~~
.,}.:'~,;;~,'.r"~"i""'TABLE'23" .'" ~$~~'
_ ~"i"~._"'!.:~",,,,,:.,;".,. _"";J,iW_~; ~,. ,,~:d;'~,'7
: TENURE BY PERSONS IN UNI
.....".....",..._..,"'.1""".....,.""'__.,:.:"..".,...,,._....,.;0.....;.-;-';10>-0"'.
,'.: CITY OF.SAN BERNARDINO:
Persons Tn Unit
Owner-Occunied
Renter Occunied
I Person
2 Persons
3 Persons
4 Persons
5 Persons
6 Persons
7 or more Persons
TOTAL
Number Percent Number Percent
6,078 21.3% 6,644 25.5%
9,097 32.0% 6,222 23.9%
4,727 16.6% 4,497 17.3%
4,288 15,1% 3,840 14.8%
2,216 7.8% 2,286 8.8%
1,090 3.8% 1,195 4.6%
----2ll 3.4% ~ J.J1Q 5,1%
28,468 100.0% 26,014 100.0%
Source: 1990 Census
64
Housing Stock Condition
In September of 1987, a windshield survey of the condition of the existing housing stock in the City
was conducted by the Planning and Building Services Department in conjunction with development of
the Housing Element of the City's General Plan. The stock was assessed into one offoUI categorical
conditions: Standard, Standard - Minor Repairs Needed, Substandard - Major Repairs Needed and
Unsuitable for Rehabilitation. Definitions of these categories are as follows:
1. "Standard Condition" by local definition,means units that are well maintained and in good
condition with no repairs needed.
2. "Standard, Minor Repairs Needed", means by local definition housing units that need minor
maintenance and repairs but are basically in sound condition. Necessary repairs could include
cosmetic work, correction, minor livability problems or maintenance work.
3. "Substandard, Major Repairs Needed" means by local definition dwelling units that do not meet
standard condition but are both financially and structurally feasible for rehabilitation. Major repairs
include items such structural repairs and replacement of deteriorated siding or sagging roofs.
4. "Unsuitable for Rehabilitation", by local definition, refers to units that are in such poor condition
as to be neither structurally or financially feasible for rehabilitation.
This survey was based on exterior appearance alone and did not identify units which are substandard
due to interior conditions or structural deficiencies. Deteriorated and dilapidated structures were
identified throughout the City. This windshield survey found 1,100 units that were assessed as
substandard/deteriorated and require substantial repair of such items as roofs, doors and windows as
well as repair of other visible health and safety hazards. Another 150 considered in such poor condition
that the unit has exceeded its useful life and could not be rehabilitated without substantial cost or
substantial reinforcement of the existing structure (dilapidated). All deteriorated and dilapidated units
were subsequently inventoried and mapped and are contained within the current Housing Element of
the City's General Plan. The Housing Element also notes that 6,281 units in the City do not meet local
building code requirements.
In sununary then, approximately 11 % of all existing units are in some substandard condition, of which
8% are suitable for rehabilitation, and 3% have exceeded their useful life. It is difficult within the
context of a windshield survey to distinguish between rental and owner-occupied units. For the purpose
of this document it is assumed that the overall condition betw~.en rental and owner units are equal.
65
ft;:ot:~':;*~;'~S~'~;~~~.'~)?::<~l~~;l~~i:;
,.,,_-,~.,::.,!o.':;~!':"'~';":~"" T A.BLK 24. ~::r'.;;'~
.",..b..""_,~~,_~,-,-~"=,,,,, ,~, ,_"-,.,.-,~,,, :....1-.."";,
.,,' ..' .HOUSINGSTOCKCONDITIO
..' J!:$;"",,"r.l:c:'Y;~f;'CITY~ d'ii'SAN BERNARDINO'\.
Condition
Percent
Standard
Standard, Minor Repairs Needed
89% (Combined Total)
Substandard, Suitable for Rehabilitation
Substandard, Unsuitable for Rehabilitation
II % (Combined Total)
TOTAL
100%
Source: City of San Bernardino, Housing Element of the General Plan.
Table 25 shows the age of San Bernardino's housing stock. Approximately 9.5%, or 5,520 units, were
built prior to 1939. These units may have historic value in the community and may be in good
condition. However, age is one indication of the potential need for rehabilitation. Housing built before
1939 is also less likely to have been built to the structural standards necessary to withstand a major
earthquake. Since San Bernardino is located in a region with earthquake faults that are capable of
producing a major earthquake (Richter magnitude 6.5 or greater), its housing programs will need to
address the earthquake safety of older housing units. Seismic safety improvements are considered
necessary to protect health and safety and, as a result, may be funded with Community Development
Block Grant funds if the building occupants meet income eligibility requirements. The most common
problems in older units are failure to securely fasten the structure to the foundation and unreinforced
masonry work (chimneys and porches).
Year Built
Units
Percent
Before 1939
1940-1959
1960-1979
1980-1989
Total
5,520
7,185
28,809
17209
58,804
J
9.5%
12.2%
49.0%
~
100.0%
Source: 1990 U. S. Census.
"Substandard Condition", by local definition, refers to units that are in such poor condition as to be
neither structurally or fmancially feasible for rehabilitation.
66
"Substandard Condition but Suitable/or Rehabilitation" means by local defInition dwelling units that
do not meet standard condition but are both fInancially and structurally feasible for rehabilitation. Units
that require only cosmetic work, correction, or minor livability problems or maintenance work are not
included.
The need for this option will increase over time as the baby boom population gets older and as medical
advances and emphasis on healthy lifestyles increases overall life expectancy. San Bernardino's
residents aged 65 years or older increased nominally (13,256 to 15,259) but fell as a percentage (11.3%
to 10%) of the total population from 1980 to 1990.
The age of San Bernardino's housing stock is advanced, especially as compared to the County. While
the age of the housing stock does not necessarily correlate with deterioration, it appears that in the City
of San Bernardino much of the housing stock has been allowed to deteriorate due to absentee landlords
or a general lack of care by the landlords. Thirty-three percent of the total number of rental units are
owned by absent landlords. Also, within the City, over 9,383 single family units (26% of all single
family units) have absent owners and it is presumed that the majority of these are rented homes.
The 1990 Census revealed that 235 (.4%) of the housing units lacked complete plumbing facilities and
412 (.7%) lacked complete kitchen facilities. Most of these units were renter-occupied and contained
more than 1.01 persons per room. These units would require upgrading in order to bring them up to
standard condition. It is possible that some of these problems are found in housing units that need
replacement.
Units Lacking Complete Plumbing Facilities
Units Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities
Number
235
412
Percent
0.4%
0.7%
Source: 1990 Census.
Affordability of Owner-Occupied Housing. Trends in the price of housing can either expand or
contract the number and proportion of families that can afford homeownership. When the price of new
housing continuously increases at a rate greater than income gains, more and more households are
priced out of the homeownership market. The impact of price escalation is most severe on fIrst-time
homebuyers.
The price of new housing influences the resale price of existing homes. When new home values are
high relative to consumer income, consumers interested in home ownership turn to the resale market,
thus inducing pressures for price increases in that sector.
67
During the decade of the 1980's, housing cost in San Bernardino increased substantially. In 1980 the
median single family unit value was $52,600. In 1990, Census information shows this unit was valued
at $96,200, an increase of 82% in just 10 years (not adjusted for inflation). According to the Greater
Inland Valley Multiple Listing Service, 353 resale homes were sold in the City of San Bernardino in
the third quarter of 1993, with a median resale price of$96,000. While this price is essentially the same
as in 1990, it represents a drop of 4.6% from the third quarter of 1992. This shows that there was price
appreciation between 1990 and 1992 and depreciation from 1992 to 1993.
Recently interest rates reached their lowest levels in twenty-two years, thus making home ownership
more affordable. The affordability index for San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, which measures
the percent of the population that is able to purchase a median priced horne, reached 51 % in July 1993.
However, despite favorable interest rates and lower prices, home sales have remained stagnant. Many
households are postponing purchasing a new or move-up home due to economic uncertainty including
high unemployment rates and proposed tax increases.
Assessing 1990 data, prices have continued to escalate at a commensurate rate throughout the region.
In 1990, the median value of a home in San Bernardino County was 34% greater than a home in San
Bernardino. Between 1980 and 1990 the median value of homes in San Bernardino increased at an
overall rate of 82%. This reflects the incredible appreciation in home values that the Southern
California region experienced throughout the 1980's. Housing prices are stabilizing now, however, and
it appears a regional adjustment is occurring in the sale prices of homes throughout this region. Horne
values are not expected to experience tremendous growth during the next 10 year period.
AfIordability of Rental Housing. Rental rates have also increased at a slightly faster rate than housing
prices. For San Bernardino in 1980, the median rental rate was $196 per month. By 1990, the average
rental was $422 per month, an increase of 115% from 1980. During the same time period, median
income increased by 106% which indicates that rents increased at a faster rate than incomes. The 1990
median rent of $422 would require a minimum annual income of $16,900 in order to avoid overpayment
(spending more than 30% of gross income on housing costs).
Data on gross rent as a percentage of household income by type in 1990 is presented in Table 18. The
majority of the City's lower income households are renters and this influences the character of housing
assistance needs. In 1990, 7,075 (24.9%) households in owner occupied housing units were spending
30% or more of their income on housing. In 1990, the number of renters paying more than 29% of their
income for rent was 12,872 households, 49.5% of all renter households. A large number of households
(31.3% or 17,054 households) in lower income brackets spent thirty percent or more of their income
for housing costs. Because of the high home values in California, overpayment for shelter is a trend
that has been proven throughout the 1980's and is shown to persist in the 1990's given the data on the
following page.
68
. ~1~J~*i~:~t~(~~~~:~~ii~\~.
~'COST BURDEl%D, RENTER AND OWNER:OCCUPA
:Si~~~~:~~.ll~2~;'~:CIT~{O.F..SA'NB'ERNARDIN61:~f1~!ri1S.~~h
Household b)' Type, Income and 010 Cost
Burden
Renters
Owners
Total
Households
VerY I ow Income NLB
0-30% MFI-
% Cost Burdened> 30%
% Cost Burdened> 50%
31-50%MFI*
% Cost Burdened> 30%
% Cost Burdened> 50%
Total VLI Households
7,73g
85.5%
70.7%
4,664
78.5%
30.0%
12,403
2,615
63.6%
47.2%
2,835
44.2%
21.6%
5,450
Number
10,354
Percent
19%
7,499
13.8%
17,853
32.8%
Low Income iLn
51-80% MFI*
% Cost Burdened> 30%
% Cost Burdened> 50%
Total L1 Households
44.9%
2.8%
5,019
32.7%
9.7%
4,898
9,917
18.2%
Moderate: Income rMn
81-95% MFI-
% Cost Burdened> 30%
% Cost Burdened> 50%
Total MI Households
10.9%
0%
1,852
31.9%
3.1%
2,452
4,304
7.9%
Unner Income run
95% or more ofMFI*
% Cost Burdened> 30%
% Cost Burdened> 50%
Total UI Households
0.2%
0%
6,159
1.1%
0.6%
16.411
22,570
41.4%
All Cost Burdened Households
12,872
7,075
19,947
36.6%
Source: CHAS Table IC, 1990 Census Data
.MFI "" Median Family Income
Cost Burdened. The term "cost burdened" refers to households that are paying more than 30% of their
adjusted gross income for housing (rent/mortgage payments) annually. Cost burden is a direct indicator
of housing affordability. Table 18 illustrates the cost burdened renter and owner households in the City
of San Bernardino. A cost burdened household has less income available for other needs such as food
and clothing, as well as discretionary purchases. In addition, owner-occupied residents who are
overpaying have less ability to pay for routine maintenance and repairs, thus accelerating the
deterioration of the housing stock.
J
Of the total households in San Bernardino, 36,6% are cost burdened. This includes 49.5% of the renter
households and 24.9% of the owner households. Clearly, housing affordability is a major problem
within San Bernardino.
Suitability of Existing Units for Special Needs Populations. As special needs populations become
a greater focus for cities around the nation, the ability to track their needs and develop targeted
69
programs for that population's improvement increases. From what the 1990 U.S. Census figures show,
it appears that some 1,782 low income renter households and 677 low-income owner households are
experiencing some type of housing problem unrelated to being cost-burdened. TIlls could include units
needing repairs, overcrowded units and units in need of alterations for handicapped access. These
problems are all reported as pertaining to households at or below 80% of area median income. All
2,459 low-income households are likely eligible to participate in one of the City-designed rehabilitation
programs or rental assistance programs. Households requiring physical improvements to their unit may
improve their property for a low interest or deferred loan available through one of the City's housing
rehabilitation programs. The City of San Bernardino makes every attempt to meet the needs of these
groups through existing programs and has initiated a Neighborhood Spirit Program intended to meet
the needs of all groups in current and future program development.
A great deal of discussion was generated during the Consolidated Plan development process with the
public and various focus groups regarding the "suitability" of the City's housing stock. While many
persons indicated that a unit was "suitable" ifit was "affordable," a like number described the types and
design of units that would benefit certain populations. One group described a rental project with a child
care facility/community room built into the complex as a suitable project for single-headed households.
Along with that design feature, the need for the rent to be affordable to persons on AFDC, which pays
roughly 18% of area median income to a household, was another stipulation. In an effort to move
single-headed households up and out of this type of project, a job training component was also
suggested as a requirement of residence in such a project. These were all ideas the public brought to
the City as being more suitable types of housing for particular needs groups. It is important to note,
while this and other projects were suggested, the recurring message from all groups was that
affordability of housing is the major impediment for the City's households.
Physically Disabled and Handicapped Households. Another group with special housing needs is the
physically disabled population. Correctly serving this population requires housing design modifications
and alternative solutions to housing accessibility. The City of San Bernardino makes fimding available
for various low-income special needs populations to modify their units as necessary to enable elderly
and disabled persons to remain in their homes through City-sponsored rehabilitation programs.
According to 1990 U. S. Census disability information, there are 12,091 persons aged 16 to 64 with a
mobility or self-care limitation. TIlls number includes all persons in this age range also prevented from
working. Also, there are 6,455 persons aged 65 or older with a mobility or self care limitation residing
within the City. However, from this data, there is little statistical ability to discern which of these self-
disclosed disabled persons require (greater) access to affordable housing or other supportive housing
services. The City must also ascertain the degree to which tjUs portion of the population's housing
needs are being met by existing City services. The City will need to enter into discussion with all
relevant departments in order to determine how to survey this population adequately to gather data
which will be pertinent and helpful in addressing any potential or existing shortfall of housing units or
supportive services for this population.
Clearly, handicapped residents need wider doorways, ramps, elevators for multiple story units, modified
cabinets, plumbing, and lighting. These modifications are expensive and not usually found in older
70
units. The City requires that all new units constructed with public funds conform to the accessibility
requirement of the Uniform Building Code and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992.
Elderly Households. Households of elderly are a small portion of San Bernardino's total households.
In 1990, census figures show 16,396 elderly households or 10.0% of the total number of households.
Of these, 73.5% own their homes and 26.5% rent them. Elderly households are more likely to own their
home than the general San Bernardino population. Elderly households are frequently on fixed incomes
and may not have the resources or stamina to repair their homes when problems arise. Elderly
households clearly need access to programs which will assist in clearing up deferred maintenance
problems and which may augment limited funds for required home repairs. It is expected that the
elderly will constitute an even greater portion of the population by the year 2000. Therefore, proven,
successful programs which assist in providing elderly residents with needed assistance should be well-
crafted and operative in order to handle an increasing caseload in coming years.
Cost burden is also a problem among the elderly, particularly for renters. Among the very low income
senior renters, 72.6% are paying more than 30% of their incomes on housing. Among the low income
senior renters, 55.0% are overpaying. For elderly homeowners, 55.8% of those with incomes under
30% of median and 27.9% of those with income from 31 to 50% of median are overpaying. Another
9.3% of the senior owners with incomes in the 51 to 80% range are overpaying.
Elderly household members are more likely to be disabled and require housing accessibility
modifications. They also need special security features and access to public transportation and medical
services. Therefore, any newly constructed elderly housing should be strategically located so that
access to these types offacilities is provided.
Large Families. The housing needs oflarge families within this community are problematic on two
counts. First, there is a limited supply of rental units with 3 or more bedrooms in the City. There are
9,089 households having five or more members which require these rental units. As of the 1990 census,
over 16% of all households in the City of San Bernardino require 3 or more bedrooms. According to
the Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino, a large family may have a Section 8 certificate,
but be unable to locate an appropriate unit. As of December 1990, the Housing Authority had a waiting
list of over 12,000 households county-wide that were seeking rental assistance. The waiting list has not
been reopened to large family households since that time due to the excessive numbers still on the list
for 3 or more bedroom units.
Of all large renter households, a total of 2,622 households or 28,8% of all large related households, are
paying more than 30% of the household's income for shelter. Ofthe low-income renter households,
some 1,502 very-low income large households, or 16% of all large households, are paying more
than 50% of their income for monthly rent. Certainly, some large related households are
experiencing overcrowding if there are families with Section 8 certificates who cannot find units with
an adequate number of bedrooms. There are a total of 2,615 lower income large family renter
households which are cost-burdened and require rental assistance. ClUTently, 100 large related
households in San Bernardino receive Section 8 rental assistance. Less than 4% of all large households
71
requiring rental assistance are able to obtain this assistance.
The City will be augmenting this on-going need with a federally-funded HOME Program Tenant-Based
Assistance Coupon available to provide rental assistance for a large family for up to two years
beginning in FY 1994.
Small Related Renter Households and Other Renter Households. Single parent headed households
are disproportionately represented among the poor throughout the United States. This is reflected in
San Bernardino's population as elsewhere. These households are likely to have special needs for safe
housing near day care and recreation facilities with access to public transportation. Households with
a female head are especially likely to need assistance because women continue to earn less on average
than men. In 1990, 9,063 San Bernardino households were headed by single men or women
representing 16.6% of the total households. All of these households include children. Of these
households, 5,721 or 22% of all renter households in the City are paying more than 30% of their income
for rent. Those households supporting the greatest cost burden are 3,258 small related and other
. renter households or 12.5% of all renter households which pay 50% or more of their income for
shelter each month. While there appear to be an adequate nwnber of units for these populations in the
bedroom type required for the household size, the cost burden is substantial for a significant portion of
the population.
Other Housing Problems Identified by All Households. Cost burden is by far the largest problem
facing the renter household population. Nearly 50% of all renter households are excessively cost
burdened; 27% report severe cost burden. Owner households report excess cost burden in 25% of all
owner households and severe cost burden in 8.8% of all owner households.
Other housing problems are reported by 11 % of all renter households and by 6% of all owner
households. In all households, the precise problem -- overcrowding versus unit inadequacy -- is not
reported and difficult to ascertain. Further discussion on unit adequacy will be explored in the Five
Year Strategy.
AtTordability and Availability of Public Housing. As of August 1993, the Housing Authority of the
County of San Bernardino currently owns and manages 705 units and provides an additional 1,811
rental units through the Section 8 program. The authority currently has 2,305 households on the waiting
list. The average rent paid for these units is $191. Public housing tenants pay 30% of their household
income towards rent, therefore public housing tenants are not cost burdened. However, the large
number of households on the waiting list indicates that there "are not enough units available to meet
demand.
Impediments or Opportunities Created by the Market
Many of the factors which tend to restrict housing supply cannot be controlled by local government,
especially those that relate to the regional, national and international economy. Various factors not
under the control of local government influence the cost, supply and distribution of housing. These
72
factors include land costs, construction costs, financing costs, and availability of land and land use
controls.
Construction Costs
The cost of construction is dependent primarily on the cost of labor and materials. The relative
importance of each is a function of the complexity of the construction job and the desired quality of the
finished product. The trend over the last several decades has been toward improved efficiency in
housing production, largely because the construction of housing usually occurs through a bidding
process in which the most reasonable contractor bid is awarded the job. As a result, builders are under
constant pressure to complete a job for as Iowa price as possible while still providing a quality product.
This pressure has led (and is still leading) to an emphasis on labor-saving materials and construction
techniques.
However, the price paid for material and labor at anyone time will reflect short-term considerations of
supply and demand. In general, construction cost estimators generally expect material prices to rise no
more than five percent per year. Future costs are difficult to predict given the cyclical fluctuations in
demand and supply that are, in large part, created by fluctuations in the state and national economies.
It should be noted that the volatile nature of the lumber market can have a significant impact on housing
costs.
For the average home, the cost of labor is generally two to three times the cost of materials, and
therefore represents a very important component of the total cost of construction. Most residential
construction in San Bernardino County is done with nonunion contractors, and as a result, labor costs
are responsive to changes in the residential market. The relative ease by which a skilled tradesperson
can get a contractor's license further moderates the pressures that force labor costs to rise.
The cost and availability of land is another major impediment to production of affordable housing.
Land costs are influenced by many variables, including land scarcity and development density (both
of which are indirectly controlled through govemmentalland use regulations), location, unique features,
and the availability of public utilities. In 1988, the City had approximately 7,469 acres of vacant single
family land and 1,028 acres of vacant multiple family land. Therefore, scarcity ofland is not a major
constraint in the City. '
J
The cost of residential land in San Bernardino is not the impediment it was in the 1980's. Land costs
are declining due to a decrease in demand for real estate due to current economic conditions. According
to the City's Housing Element, vacant single family land in the Verdemont area of San Bernardino
ranges from $50,000 to $60,000 per acre. This is the area of the City with the most vacant residential
land. The Housing Division states that 1993 prices for vacant single family residential land zoned for
minimum lots of 7,200 square feet currently range from $40,000 to $80,000 per acre or approximately
$10,000-20,000 per unit.
Land Costs and Availability
73
Financing Costs
Financing costs, for the most part, are not subject to local influence. The control of interest rates is
determined by national policies and economic conditions. Interest rates greatly influence the housing
market for home buyers through the rates charged on home mortgages. Rent is also indirectly
influenced by interest rates since most landlords borrow money in order to purchase the units and rental
amounts are a reflection of the income needed for the landlord to recover their costs and make a profit.
Age of Housing Stock
The housing stock in San Bernardino is relatively new when compared with the nation's stock as a
whole. This is generally true of Southern California's housing stock as industry grew most rapidly here
in the post World War II era and even more significantly with the advent of service, computer and
telecommunications industries growing, expanding and basing many plants and offices in California.
The City of San Bernardino contains 12,705 housing units built prior to 1960, comprising 22% of the
total housing stock. These housing units are those most likely to be in less that ideal condition since
thirty years is a standard indication of when housing begins to need repair and rehabilitation. Map 3
at the end of this section presents the historical development pattern in the City of San Bernardino. This
indicates the location of housing units by construction era.
b. Assisted Housing Inventory
1. Public Housing
The City of San Bernardino does not currently own any housing units. All public housing that is
located in the City is owned and managed by the County of San Bernardino Housing Authority. The
Housing Authority of San Bernardino County was created in 1941 to provide affordable housing
opportunities for very-low income families of San Bernardino County. The Housing Authority
currently owns and manages 702 units (of which none are currently vacant) that are located within the
City of San Bernardino and provides an additional 1,811 rental units for low income families funded
by the Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments Program.
The current philosophy of the Housing Authority is to build small clusters of units in order to allow
for a greater diversity of incomes within neighborhoods. The~e single family units, sized for larger
families, have been found to be more desirable to the families, the neighborhood and the community.
Tenants in the Public Housing Program are required to pay rent based on thirty percent of their adjusted
income. The difference between the tenant portion of the rent and the operating costs of maintaining
the unit is paid by HUD in the form of an operating subsidy.
74
.', :rABLE28!";,,:,.,,::~;;'.,;,Y\',,e:.
PUBLIC HOUSING ETHNlqOPULATipN L;fi<~;'./!;.
, CITY OF SAN BER1'1ARDINO; 1993' :>," <.- ;;,' c"".':
CROUP
NUMBER
PERCENT
While
"
""
Black
'86
""
Nadve American
.001S
Asian
132
,..
Hisllanie
"0
""
0'"''
to
TOTAL
'"
1001
, HOUSING siiE~';~:": ~.;h ?;;-:.~~~~
OF SAN BERNARDINO; i993 '~,:-::,i". :.:c;,;:;!c;
NO. OF BEDROOMS NUMBER PERCENT
I BedfOOm 13 '20
2 Bedroom '" ""
, 8<<lroom 220 ""
'Bedroom " 101
5 Bedroom I' ,.
TOTAL '" 1001
A review of records kept for Public Housing indicates a total allocation number of 705, with
currently 2,305 households on the waiting list. Currently, there are 23 vacant units, for a vacancy
rate of3%. The average rent was $191. A further break down of the current total participation (682
households) is shown in the preceding tables.
There are 110 elderly households (16 % of the total) participating currently in the Public Housing
program. Additionally, 264 households (39% of the total) are headed by females and 410 (60%) by
males. No public housing units are expected to be removed ~rom the inventory for any reason.
At a minimum, all public housing units are inspected annually and' must comply with Housing
Quality Standards (HQS) or be brought into compliance. Therefore, all public housing units are in
satisfactory condition.
75
2. Section 8
The Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments Program administered by the Housing Authority,
provides fmancial assistance to low income families including Senior Citizens, disabled and
handicapped individuals. The assistance is provided on a fIrst-come, fIrst-served basis, subject to
the availability of funds. Applications for the program are accepted only during the open enrollment
periods. There are currently 1,941 househ<;llds on the waiting list and it is important to note that
there has not been an open enrollment period since December of 1990 and the Housing Authority
does not expect to re-open this list anytime in the near future.
,_~:;:.::'''''.' >..-~':.:.:.:.:-.-"'.':~,.>-.~'~rv- ~:";::;';_.- ;':'..~-;.;.- -.'~ , , .., f' d.,' ..'. <},i~:}:1-\-:~:'.:'\}_~./~~.':" '.:;_:(:...'~':,'.'
,.- :;.;:;.' ,,_ < .' .. -,.' .' :. TABLE 30'~~':;"::':.",7.':,},:o; ~';'.~
C''-;:'''', f., ......f..'.. SECTION 8 ETIINIC POPULATION ",,"-"',('--" k~l#",;
..'.".:. .....~;.....:. CITYOFSANBERNARDINO,1993 . ,.: ':..L'>:'i.7,
Asian
NUMBER PERCENT
'" '"
'" o.
. .
" ..
'" ".
, ,
1.730 100.
GROUPING
White
Bt""
American Indian
Hispanic
om"
TOT....L
,. ':~ -i',::; ": - :~-\-,:::': ::\_;/, ;;:::~,' ~:~~&~::t?i~'~~ -;:~:~~:;s-~:;L:.";<
TABLE3L ..,.. . '" ,:.,,<~.._~... ~'" .;..,.;'>
8 HOU'S IN'G' .S..I.Z..E.;;:-....i~~~:.'i';:~..ffi.'i<:
-- _ _ _ - ., .,..f..::-,~::~:::~>;';..'::~: 'J;.:&.;'-:i.:.:.:',;:";::;',,::
OF SAN BERNARDINO, 1993.."; :";' ;'c;::' :}'j,
Number of Bedrooms PanicipanlS
I Bedroom '"
,""'- ...
3 Bedroom ".
4Bedroom ..
58edroom 0
TOTAL 1.730
Percent
,,.
".
".
..
100'
The average rent in a Section 8 unit is $569.00 monthly (incfuding utilities), further breakdown of
the recorded information of participating households is shown in the preceding tables.
There are 228 elderly households (13 % of the total) currently participating in the Section 8 Program.
Additionally, of the participants, 1,502 households (87% of the total) are headed by women, and 228
(13%) have male heads of household. At this time no units are expected to be removed from the
inventory for any reason.
76
3. Other
The City of San Bernardino has traditionally been aggressive in utilizing any and all types of
resources to fund a wide variety of housing projects. A breakdown of these projects by housing type
follows.
1. Low to Moderate Housing Fund. The City has pro-actively used the Redevelopment Agency
low and moderate income housing fund to assist both single family and multiple family housing
development
Sinl/'le FamilY: Under this Program, construction of new homes ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 square
feet has been funded. A minimum of twenty percent of the homes within each project, however,
must be "affordable" to buyers whose total annual household income does not exceed 120% of the
published annual household income limits. These homes must then remain designated as "affordable"
for no less than ten years. New construction housing projects include the following number of homes
(a minimum of 20% must be affordable to those earning less than 120% of the annual median
income):
Osborne Collection at Northpark
Osborne Collection, Phase II
Emblem Development
Project Home Run
Falcon Ridge
Young Homes
Arrow Vista
Habitat for Humanity
Yeoman and Associates
Park Place Homes
Pacific Star Development
TOTAL
45 units
72 units
59 units
7 units
16 units
36 units
50 units
I unit
36 units
77 units
10 units
409 units
Multi-Family. In response to an identified community housing "need", the City utilized the Low-
Moderate Housing Fund to develop three senior citizen oriented housing complexes. One project
is being constructed in partnership with the Housing Authority of San Bernardino, which provides
a leverage to the City funds of fifty percent. The remaining two projects are being built
cooperatively with local non-profit organizations. These.projects are:
Ramona Senior Housing Complex 44 units
Highland Lutheran Senior Project 50 units
Arrowhead Woods 51 units
TOTAL 145 units
77
As a result of these projects, the "need" for senior citizen oriented housing has now been
adequately addressed.
2. Tax Exempt Bond Financing. Since 1980, this program has been used to assist with the
financing of mortgages in the construction of multiple family units. To participate in this
program, twenty percent of the total units constrUcted must be made available to low to moderate
income families, and who will not pay more than thirty percent of their gross family household
income towards rent.
Multi-Familv. Five multiple family projects have been financed through this program:
Shadow Ridge Apartments
Creekside Village Apartments
University Park Apartments
Royal Palms Apartments
Castle Park Apartments
TOTAL
Total Units
328
304
540
216
~
1,896
Low Income Units
49
61
89
42
ill
352
As a result of the construction of these projects, as well as privately fmanced new apartment
units, the City now has a surplus of multiple family units. Therefore, there is no longer an
identified community "need" for additional multiple family construction.
3. Other. According to City staff, the City of San Bernardino does not contain any housing units
constructed through Section 202, Section 811, Section 221 (d)(3) or Section 236 programs.
CHAS Table IB - Market and Inventory Conditions
..
78
. unl(;1I or \".,;)mmun.~, ,10"""'''1/ oiOQ I",ioIrJvelOpment
IIllbrkllt &. JnVlInfOry CDnditlon.
C~mprllhenlive Houcing Affardabirrty StrateQY (CHAS)
InS'truct[ons fc. 'al Jurisdictlans . .
12,768
15 Yur Period (enter ficc:al yr~.1
I FY: I throuQh FY:
I 1994 I 1998
I I
I - .2. bedrooms I
{Oil
I
21,6251
1
I
19,6081
I
I
10,860 I
3 or rT'I<HII
bedrooms
{E]
I
I
I
I
23,094 I
I
I
22,1061
I
I
4,6831
I
I
17,423 I
I
I
9881
1
I
3061
I
,
315 I
I
I
367 I.
I
BI ',lame of Jurisdiction:
.IIiI =ty 01 S.an 8em.an:fino
Check One:
_ 1990 Census
_ Other Source: (specify)
Oata .. of: (enter date)
...
. Housing Stoa Inventory
Category
o and 1 bedroom
{e]
,. Total Year..flound HClusIng
II i.. Toul Occup;.d Unit.
14,085
.',.Ron,...
4:0wnar
10,471
2.297 8,748
I
1,3171 2,017
I
I
1,020 I 1,081
I
I
29 I 265
I
1
268 I 671
I
II
s. Total Vac2llt Unit.
II 8. Fer Rent
7. ror 5.1.1.
rd_ s.. Other
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
...............
...............
iJ . S. Subsund.rd Unit.
Category
1.. .All Renter
r- AD Own<<
II c.. P1..:bJic Housing
Category
Il- l. Tou!
.2.. Vacant
1 Rehabirrtation
Needs:
iI D.Ronts
Unit S1m
D Bedroomt'
iI 1 Bedroom
1: 2Bedroomo
.3 Bedrooma
..
% Substandard
(AI
% Suitable fClr
R.hab~itatlon
181
80"
65"
80"
65"
I
8821'..............
I'..............
I
20 I
I
I
I
I
I
304 I
I
I
................ I
................ I
I
I
I
I
3 or more
b.drOClmc
lE]
Total
(AI
Vaancy Rat.
(81
o and 1 b.dfOClm
leI
I
I
I
I
8'1
I
2 bedroom.
(01
I
I
I
I
295 I
I
3"
...............
...............
I...............
...............
I Estimated Hard Costs - Physic:allmprcvements:
I
I
AppUcabl. FMR.
(AI
I Gr3nd Total PHA Needs:
I
I Rant Atford.ble I
I .. 30" 01 50" MA I
I 181 I
I I
4111 3261
I I
I I
499 I 373 I
I I
I I
687 I 420 I
I I
734 I 486 I
I I
,.
;
HUO 40090.A (1/931
,.
d.
c:\l2:lW\SST ABlE1A.w1<1
79
c. Inventory of Facilities and Services for the Homeless and Persons Threatened with
Homelessness
The total number of homeless within the City of San Bernardino is estimated by the 1990 Census to
be 512, However, local service providers suggest that a number between 2,000 and 4,000 is far
more representative. The General Plan estimates the total number to be about 3,000. Based on
discussions with local service providers, City staff estimate that the homeless population ranges from
1,000 to 1,750 persons within the City. These numbers do not include the large number of homeless
who for personal reasons do not seek assistance. It is extremely difficult to obtain an accurate
homeless population count due to the transient nature of this group and their reluctance to be counted,
There is general agreement among all sources that the numbers of homeless has grown significantly
due to the current economy and that the greatest increase has been among women with children,
The Department of Social Services (DPSS) of the County of San Bernardino reports two categories
of assistance in the Aid to Families with Dependant Children (AFDC) Homeless Assistance Program
in the City of San Bernardino Area. The categories are 1) Temporary, which indicates motel
assistance; and 2) Permanent, indicating relocation to an apartment or house. The statistics from a
typical three month period - May through July 1991 - indicate that 393 persons were given temporary
housing and 1,773 were given permanent housing.
DPSS serves only those families who receive AFDC. There are many families who do not qualify
or are unable to seek such assistance, The mentally ill are predominant among those not receiving
AFDC. It is estimated that there are approximately 1,000 seriously mentally ill homeless persons
in the City of San Bernardino. Ninety percent of these are between the ages of 18 and 60. There
are three emergency shelters in the City which have contracts with the Department of Mental Health
to house homeless mentally ill persons. The Mental Health Homeless Program issued a total of 609
vouchers during 1991 for emergency shelter.
The City of San Bernardino has a broad range of services and facilities to assist the homeless,
However, efforts have now begun to evaluate the depth of these services and the objectives of various
components of the services provided. While the City would like to assist all homeless persons, there
is recognition that approximately ten to thirty percent of this group have withdrawn from society and
may no longer seek assistance. The City views facilities and services for the homeless as individual
components of an integrated system, whose primary goal is not only respond to individual basic
needs but also to provide progressive stages of assistance which will enable homeless persons to
move from a dependant to an independent lifestyle, ,
The three components identified by the City are:
. At Risk This component identifies those renters and homeowners who have realized a substantial
80
loss or reduction in income that has placed them in the status of eminent homelessness;
. Homeless This component includes all persons who no longer have a stable or reliable residence;
. Permanent This component represents formerly homeless or at risk persons who have
transitioned from homelessness back into society and have become self sufficient and
independent. This status represents the goal of the program, a person who has stabilized and no
longer requires assistance,
.<S:;~~F+:r~};~',~:~';:;;: ,;:.',:: ;'~' ;.: '~:, :,:'''' T~LE ;2 .;~:j.':~i:~:::A,.:F::::,"~":fi: ;";t;t;~:i;f.~~):':'~;:;;(;~:
'~~{:};: .~ FACn:rtms"ANri SERVICES FOR THE HOMELESS AND 'THOSE ATRIsK'OF<:::,',;:..,'
"~~;[,{f;~.~,.:i;).:,~;}~j,:t~~/:~:;::';:}f~xri ~~~~=~~6~~;,~~::;ls~~};,;.)t\~(~~r;: 'i>:Z'
Type of Facility
Number of Facilities
Soup Kitcben
6
Drop"in Kitchen
2
Emergency Shelter
7
Temporary ShelterlHousing
2
Transitional Housing
2
Permanent Housing for Persons with Disabilities"
30
"The figure noted represents the number of households to be assisted annually through the Aftercare
program
Tem'Oorary / Transitional Housin~, As seen in the table above, the current focus for assistance is
on the immediate needs of the homeless, According to the City's last Quarterly Report on
Homelessness (June 1992) there were a total of 286 beds available for emergency shelter (3 to 7
days). The number of beds available today is 239, This total includes 92 beds for families left
homeless due to domestic violence. The City assists the following Shelters through allocations of
Community Development Block Grant funding and the Emergency Shelter Grant Program:
J
81
.",'
I
,.,.;~ :~};~~;-, ~:\~\.:;:; w:
, ...,.....
--/.,. ,.,'....~"~
:.';;I::]}r.
........- '
:'::~':'I
"~:'" . .....~
. .'
1'.'/
,-" .
.C',,_<'.,:."._ of:,
_.c."
.,
TABLE 33
. ....-. . .,." -~,....-,-....,;"
Salvation Army Shelter
107 beds
Option House
27 beds
House of Ruth
65 beds
Frazee Community Center
37 beds
~ \'.;: ~.' ,!'_ ,~.;,~- !'.':J~'.,~_+.:?,~. ~.,:. ~ ,~
" ,':':', TOTAi NUMBER OF BEDS
";':~-~-:':~,c.,,:::.~ - ;:__,:~~,
Although the number of emergency beds has decreased recently, the City now has 34 transitional
beds with attendant case management services. It should be noted that the defInition and source of
funding for food and lodging vouchers is not uniform throughout the provider community, and
therefore these numbers must be considered approximate,
RentlDeposit Program, In Fiscal Year 1991-92 the City allocated funds to begin a program to
intervene and prevent homelessness and to assist households in maintaining or securing decent, safe
and sanitary rental housing, This program has been re-funded for Fiscal Year 1993/1994. Eligibility
in the program requires that the client experience an uncompensated loss of income or an increase
in expenses and be capable of resuming the payment of housing costs after the period of assistance
has ended,
Mobile Home Rent Subsidy Provram, The City allocates monies each year specifIcally to assist with
increased space rental costs in Mobile Horne Parks.
Emeryencv Shelter Grant Program, These Federal funds are alloeated to local providers to assist
homeless individuals and families with support services, shelter and homeless prevention programs.
Homeless Shelter Utilities Payment Program, This Program provides local funds to Homeless
Shelters to cover facility operating costs, including electricity, gas and water,
Victims Q/ Domestic Violence Provram, The City is currently allocating Community Development
Block Grant (CDBG) funds to provide victims of domestic violence with shelter and services and to
assist other emergency providers of this service.
82
Other. The City is currently using CDBG monies to fund several public services which have a
component to assist the homeless,
d. Inventory of Supportive Housing for Non-Homeless Persons with Special Needs
In addition to those services detailed above, there are several agencies in San Bernardino which
provide services to non-homeless persons with special needs.
Elderlv and Frail Elderlv. There are 19 facilities in the City of San Bernardino which provide
housing for the elderly, These residential facilities can house from 3 to 240 persons and have a total
capacity of 345 persons. A list of these facilities is attached in the Appendix.
Persons with Physical and Mental Disabilities. The Awareness for Community Development
Organization (ACDO) provides a full service room and board facility for the mentally ill, The San
Bernardino County Department of Mental Health provides screening and referral, case management
and counseling and vocational services for the mentally ill. The San Bernardino Mental Health
Association operates a day center which provides a variety of services including a socialization
program, independent skills, academic skills, job fmding and others. In addition, there are 19 homes
for the mentally disabled and 38 homes for the developmentally disabled located in the City of San
Bernardino, These homes can accommodate from 1 to 15 persons, with a total capacity of 347
persons. A detailed list of these facilities is attached in the appendix,
Alcohol and Dna: Abuse, Casa de Ayuda provides long tenn residential drug treatment to women
ages 18-65, New House, Inc., provides a residential alcohol recovery program for men and women
based upon the 12-Step Alcoholics Anonymous guidelines. The Veteran's Alcohol Recovery
Program, Inc., provides a social model residential alcohol recovery program for men and women
(both veterans and non-veterans). Victory Outreach provides a residential treatment and recovery
program for men and women, ages 19-55, with alcohol and/or drug abuse problems. Other
organizations located in San Bernardino which address alcohol and drug abuse issues are the Alana
Social Club, Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the San Bernardino County Alcohol and Drug
Abuse Program,
AIDS/HIV, The San Bernardino County Public Health Department currently provides AIDS
infonnation and testing. The Inland AIDS Project also provides advocacy and referral services.
Domestic Violence, The Option House, Inc., provides a ~helter service, educational training,
outreach support groups, legal advocacy and referral services for women and children victimized by
domestic violence. Other organizations which address issues of domestic violence in San Bernardino
include Adult Protective Services, the Child Protection Hotline, House of Ruth, and the Family
Service Agency of San Bernardino,
83
3. Available Resources
This section of the Housing and Market Analysis describes all available resources for housing and non-
housing (i.e., public facilities and improvements, disposition of property, privately owned utilities,
clearance, public services, interim assistance, relocation, loss of rental ineome, removal of architeetural
barriers, cornmercial rehabilitation etc.) Federal Programs, Non-Federal Public Programs (state and
local), and Private resources (for-profit and non-profit). There will be a short description of each
program resouree, the City's experience with the program and an evaluation of each program's
advantages and disadvantages in achieving affordable and supportive housing goals.
Given reeent developments at the Federal and State levels in the authorization and funding of housing
programs, it is difficult, if not impossible, to project what public resources will be available over the
next five years. Budget constraints at all levels of government have further complicated the "resources"
question,
a. Federal Programs
The Federal government has a number of programs that are available for use in San Bernardino. These
programs may be used for acquisition, rehabilitation, homebuyer assistance, rental assistance, new
construction, homeless assistance, homeless prevention sand non-housing activities. The programs
available under each of these categories are discussed below,
HOME Program. The HOME Program is a flexible grant program which provides formula and
competitive grants to participating jurisdietions (pJs) and community housing development
organizations (CHDOs) allowing these entities to determine, within program regulations, the best use
of these funds. All HOME funds are to assist households at 80% of area median income and below,
These funds may be used to aequire vaeant land or existing struetures for affordable and supportive
housing activities and provide first-time homebuyers assistance and rental assistance. It is one of the
largest sources of federal housing funds available to the City. However, there are many regulatory
requirements attached to proper use of these funds, which may impede expeditious project
implementation in some instances, For instance, with acquisition and new construction activities, a
30% non-federal match is required, The City plans to use HOME funds to provide a rental
rehabilitation program.
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program. The CDBG Program is the largest federal
formula grant allocation program which targets funds for the' benefit of low and moderate ineome
persons, the eradication of slum and blight and for urgent revitalization/economic development needs
within the City, These funds may be used for acquisition of vacant land or existing structures to provide
cornmunity facilities, housing or economic development-related improvements throughout San
Bernardino, These funds have been used for nearly many years in the City and have provided a wide
84
range of benefits regarding affordable housing and supportive services to populations in greatest need,
San Bernardino intends to continue to use CDBG funds to operate the Neighborhood Spirit Property
Improvement Program, the Deferred Loan program, the Mobile Home Seismic Retrofit Program and
the Demolition Program,
Community Development Block Grant Section 108 Loan Guarantees.
The Section 108 Program allows San Bernardino to use their CDBG funds to guarantee loans/notes for
development projects. This program is a subset of the CDBG entitlement program discussed above,
Real property acquisition may occur and CDBG rules apply. The City pledges current and future
CDBG funds as principal security for the loan guarantee. The City has provided Section 108 loans for
the WestsidePlaza Shopping Center and the Harris Department Store acquisition. In addition, an lor
grant is being used to supplement the Section 108 loan.
Lead Based Paint Abatement Program. This grant program makes funds available to develop cost-
effective community lead-based paint abatement strategies. The funds awarded may be used for
rehabilitation, planning and program operating costs. Awards are based on a five-point rating system.
Criteria are strategy, capacity, readiness, resources that will be eommitted, and the local community.
Award funds must be matched by other sources. States and local govemments with populations of more
than 50,000 are eligible, In FY 92, 10 awards were made. This is a new program to which the City
would like to apply.
Supportive Housing Program. This is a competitive grant program to which the City, non-profits and
community mental health associations may apply for funds to promote the development of supportive
housing and services. Grants are made for operating costs up to 75% for the first two years and 50%
for the next three years, Recipients must match funds requested for acquisition and rehabilitation
aetivities with an equal amount from other non-federal sources. (This program was created by the
Housing and Community Development Aet of 1992 and replaces the Supportive Housing
Demonstration Program, the Transitional Housing Demonstration Program and the Permanent Housing
Handicapped Homeless Program.) This is a new program which has a limited fund availability and has
yet to provide notice of fund availability.
HOPE 3 (Homeownersllip Opportunities for People Everywhere) Program. The HOPE 3 Program
provides a city, in conjunction with a non-profit applicant, financial assistance for first-time, low-
income homebuyers through an annual competitive grant process, Program Planning and
Implementation Grants have been available in the past. A city and non-profit compete for awards in
regional pools. The maximum grant amount is $3 million for iIp.plementation grants and $100,000 for
planning grants, Acquisition is an eligible aetivity when rehabilitation of the structure will occur, The
City may only partieipate in the competition if applying with a non-profit entity. However, if the city
has a known pocket of available properties and a capable non-profit partner, an implementation grant
award would quickly and visibly impact a targeted neighborhood.
85
Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Program for Single Room Occupancy. These federal funds
provide rental assistance on behalf of homeless individuals in connection with the moderate
rehabilitation of SRO dwellings. Public Housing Authorities (HA's) and private non.profit
organizations may apply for these funds. Resources to fund the cost of rehabilitating the dwellings must
be from other sources. These funds can be used for monthly rental assistance, operating expenses and
debt service for the rehabilitation financing. Units must need a minimum of $3,000 in eligible
rehabilitation to qualify. The funds available annually for this program average $100 million. The
average award is $350,000,
Section 8 Rental Certificates Program. HA.'s administering this program provide rental assistance
payments to private owners who lease their units to eligible very-low income families. A PHA may
choose to use 15% of this rental assistance to implement a project-based certificate program. This
means that assistance is based on the unit in which a tenant resides. The rental assistance stays with
the unit should the tenant decide to move to a different unit. Once a household enters a unit with this
assistance or obtains this certificate assistance, they may receive this assistance for up to 15 years if
their household's very-low income status does not change, San Bernardino plans to assist 1,300
families annually with Section 8 Rental Certificates.
Section 8 Rental Voucher Program. HA's administering this program provide rental assistance
payments to private owners who lease their units to eligible very-low income families. This rental
assistance is tenant-based assistance rather than project-based. This means that a tenant may take their
assistance and rent any unit within the City which meets Section 8 housing quality standards and meets
that household's family size requirements, The tenant must pay 30% of their household income; the
HA pays for the difference between the tenant's payment and the unit's fair market rent to the landlord.
If the tenant wishes to move to different unit, the rental assistance goes with the tenant to their next
location; the rental assistance does not remain with the unit. Once a household obtains this voucher
assistance, they may receive this assistance for up to 15 years if their household's very-low income
status does not change, The City of San Bernardino plans to assist 320 families per year with Section
8 Rental Vouchers,
Supportive Housingfor the Elderly (Section 202) Program. In order receive a Section 202 award, the
City would apply for a Seetion 202 reservation to the Los Angeles HUD Field Office in response to the
Department's published invitation, A private, non-profit or consumer cooperative may apply (not the
city). Project rental assistance covers only the difIerence between the HUD-approved eost per unit and
the amount the resident pays (30% of their income). Capital advanees can be provided to private, non-
profit applicants to finance elderly housing that also offers ~upportive services. The non-interest
bearing advances are based on development cost limits published periodically in the Federal Register.
Advances may be used for acquisition of vacant land or an existing structure for elderly housing.
Emergency Shelter Grants Program. These grants improve the quality of existing emergency shelters
and increase the number of developing shelters for the homeless, Program funds are awarded to
86
formula grantee cities in proportion to their previous year's CDBG alloeation. San Bernardino may
distribute part of all funds to non-profit subrecipients to carry out these aetivities. Funds can be used
for renovation, eonversion of buildings, rehabilitation, essential social services and operating costs, but
not staff payroll. The average annual grant to a formula city is $190,000. The City of San Bernardino
expeets an allocation of$40,000 to assist in providing emergency shelter and supportive services to
approximately 3,000 homeless persons.
Shelter Plus Care. This is a grant program for rental assistance offered with supportive services to
homeless with disabilities. These are competitive grant funds awarded in a nationwide competition
annually. Support services must match rental assistance and must be provided by other funding
sources,
Surplus Housingfor Use to Assist the Homeless, In this program, rent-free, suitable Federal properties
are leased to homeless organizations. These organizations must pay operating and any rehabilitation
and/or renovation costs. Homeless organizations are the only entities eligible for this assistance. HOD
publishes a weekly notice in the Federal Re~ister of property determinations and availability. Homeless
organizations notify the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) of the intention to apply for
a property within 60 days of the Federal Re\!ister notice. Applicants have 90 days after an expression
of interest to submit an application. Notification of award of lease is within 25 days, A homeless
organization based in Riverside recently applied to the Federal government to use a portion of the
facilities being vacated by Norton Air Force Base. At this time it is not known whether this application
will be approved or the scope of the services that will be offered,
Supplemental Assistance for Facilities to Assist the Homeless (SARAH). This is a nationwide
competitive grant program for innovative homeless programs. Nearly any type of governmental,
private or non-profit entity may apply. Highest priority in competition is given to comprehensive
programs fostering independence for homeless persons.
Safe Havens Demonstration Program. These competitive grants provide very-low ineome housing
for homeless persons with serious menta! illnesses, The city or non-profit organizations may apply for
funds as notices of fund availability are published. Funds awarded may be used for acquisition
activities and must be equally matched by other sources, Total assistance granted may not exeeed
$400,000 in any five year period. This makes application to the program less attractive as most entities
providing these types of services require on-going financial assistanee.
Housing Opportunitiesfor Persons with AIDS Program (HOl}WA). There are two types of grants--
entitlement and competitive -- for housing assistanee and supportive services for low-income persons
with AIDS or related diseases and their families, Funds may be used aequisition activities. San
Bernardino was not one of the 28 cities, nationally, to receive a formula allocation in FY 93. The city
may apply and will be considered for award based on staff capacity, the city's need for a project award,
the appropriateness of the proposed housing and supportive services and the extent to which other
87
public and private resources are leveraged. This is a new program; the competitive program has very
limited fund availability.
b, Non-Federal Public Programs
1. State Programs.
There are two State agencies which provide resources which can help the City properly fund affordable
housing programs, the California Housing Finance Agency (CHF A) and the California Department of
Housing and Community Development (HCD).
The CHF A provides debt financing for rental and homeowner housing. Most of its financing is
provided by the issuance of tax-exempt bonds. These bond issuances are not typically designed solely
for low income households, However, made with bond proceeds, loans are subject to the federal and
state requirement that at least 20% of the tmits be rented to very low income persons or 40% of the tmits
be rented to persons with incomes below 60% of median income.
Mortgage Credit Certificates. The State offers mortgage credit certificates through an annual
application process which provides a federal tax credit for moderate income homebuyers who have not
owned a home in the past three years. CHF A financing for rental housing often can be combined with
the Federal low income tax eredits (which are allocated by the State) in order to help facilitate the
development of projects that can benefit low income renter households. Financing assistance to low
and moderate ineome homeowners can also be provided by the CHF A,
The other State agency, the Department of Housing and Commtmity Development (lICD), focusses less
upon debt financing and more upon the subsidy requirements necessary for the promotion of low and
moderate housing. The particular programs available from HCD tend to change over time depending
upon the needs within the State and the voter passed propositions that have been approved, The City
will continue to assess whether any of the HCD programs and resources can be effeetively utilized over
the next five years to supplement federal and local resources.
The State of California maintains a Low Income Housing Tax Credit program which is similar to the
Federal program. The City will eneourage private and nonprofit developers to fully use this resouree
in the future,
2, Local Programs '
Redevelopment Set-Aside Funds. Twenty percent of all redevelopment funds are made available for
housing in the City of San Bernardino. These funds are extremely flexible and provide the City with
an ideal source of match for federal programs requiring such, The redevelopment funds come from tax
88
inerements collected annually from designated redevelopment areas. Twenty percent of these funds are
"set-aside" specifieally for housing aetivities,
Rehabilitation Activities. As discussed above, these local funds are used for many various activities in
the City, The rehabilitation of housing units to improve neighborhoods throughout the City is one of
the main strategies the City employs in its Improvement Plan. Loans and grants are made with these
funds to eligible homeowners and investor-owners to improve owner-occupied and rental units in
designated "foeus" neighborhoods throughout the City. The City is currently using redevelopment set-
aside funds in the Neighborhood Spirit Property Improvement Program. This program includes exterior
paint, exterior improvements and HOME Improvement loans. These programs apply to both single
family (city-wide and in selected "focus" neighborhoods) and multi-family housing.
The City also contributes to "image" enhaneement programs through City-wide Graffiti
Removal and neighborhood clean-up in selected "focus neighborhoods. The "focus"
neighborhood program coneentrates programs, projects, activities and resources within
a target area and utilizes interdepartmental cooperation and networking with social
service providers and neighborhood residents to change the economics of the "focus"
neighborhood so that it requires only normal city services.
Homebuyer Assistance Activities. The City is eurrently using these funds for three programs to assist
low income first time homebuyers. The City is assisting the non.profit organization, Habitat for
Humanity, through acquisition of vacant parcels to build quality new homes. The City has also started
a first time homebuyer program which provides down payment and closing cost assistance to low
ineome first time homebuyers, Finally, the City is providing funds to a non-profit entity which provides
financial counseling and support services to low income households embarking on the purchase of a
home.
Rental Assistance Activities. These funds are also used to provide rental assistance to very-low and
low income households through the Rent/Deposit Guarantee Program, the Mobile Home Space Rent
Subsidy Program and the Tenant Based Assistanee (TBA) Program.
New Construction Activities. San Bernardino uses redevelopment monies to fmanee the development
and construetion of high quality new housing. These projects include single family detached tract
development and the Infill Housing Development Program,
Homeless Prevention Activities. The City of San Bernardino is committed to assisting the homeless
population through a variety of programs funded by redevelop~ent set-aside moneys. These include
a rent/deposit guarantee program, transitional housing programs, the Senior Assistance - Mobile Home
Rent subsidies, Mobile Home Inspections and utility assistance, The City is also an active participant
in the county-wide Homeless Coalition.
89
c. Private Resources
1. For-Profit
The City of San Bernardino will encourage private lenders to provide either interest-subsidized or low
interest loans so that willing developers can provide infill housing in redevelopable areas. Investor-
owners of multifamily housing units contribute a substantial portion of funding used to rehabilitate
these units.
2, Non-profit.
Non-profit organizations receive tax deductible contributions, grants, and nominal user fees for their
on-going affordable housing and supportive services activities. In addition, as noted earlier, the non-
profit organization Habitat for Humanity is active in San Bernardino in assisting low income families
with home ownership.
1
90
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Priority Need level ESTIMATED ESTIMATED
PRIORITY HOUSING NEEDS High, Medium, low, No Such Need UNITS DOLLARS NEEDED
(households) TO ADORESS
0-30% 31-50% 51-80%
Cost Burden> 30% M M 1L 2,238 20,463,360
Cost Burden> M 1M 1M 1,175 10,293,000
50%
Small
Physical Defects H iH 1M 884 5,991,840
Overcrowded M 1M 1M 1,946 17,046,960
Cost Burden> 30% M 1M 1L 1,720 15,067,200
Cost Burden> 50% M 1M 1L 664 5,816,640
Renter Large
Physical Defects H 1H 1M 523 4,660,320
Overcrowded M 1M 1M 1.487 13,026,120
Cost Burden> 30% M 1M 1L 909 7,962,840
Cost Burden> 50% M 1M 1L 489 4,263,640
Elderly
Physical Defects H 1H 1M 211 1,848,360
Overcrowded L !L !L 601 5,264,780
Cost Burden> 30% L !L !L 2,298 20,130,480
Cost Burden> 50% L L 1 L 1,238 10,844,880
Owner
Physical Defects H H 1M 825 7,227,000
Overcrowded L L !L 1,583 13,867,080
Priority Need Level ESTIMATED
PRIORITY HOMELESS NEEDS High, Medium, Low, No such need DOLLARS NEEDED
TO ADDRESS
Outreach Assessment Families InalYiduel. Persons wi Special Need. 100,000
H H M
Emergency Shelters Fam~ies Individuals Pel"Sons wi Special Needs 250,000
H H M
T13nsilional Shelters Families IndM<luP Persons wi Spec;il1 Naeds 1,250,000
H H M
Permanent Supportive Housing Femu,tIS Inclivid~1s Personl wi Specill Needs 1,250,000
H M M
Permanent Housing Famillel Individullll PIIII'SOnS wi Special Needl 650,000
H H H
Priority Needs Summary Table
PRIORITY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Priority Need Level ESTIMATED
NEEDS High, Medium. Low, No Such Need DOLLARS NEEDED
TO ADDRESS
PUBLIC FAelLlTY NEEDS
Senior Centers
Youth Centers
Neighborhood Facilities H 500,000
Child Care Centers
Parks and/or Recreation Facilities H 2,000,000
Health Facilities H 1,000,000
Parking Facilities
Other Public Facilities H 1,000,000
INFRASTRUeTUREIMPROVEMENT
Solid Waste Disposal Improvements
Flood Drain Improvements
Water Improvements
Street Improvements H 20,000,000
Sidewalk Improvements
Sewer Improvements H 9,000,000
Asbestos Removal
Other Infrastructure Improvement Needs H 3,000,000
PUBLle SERVICE NEEDS
Senior Services H 1,000,000
Handicapped Services H 500,000
Youth Services H 500,000
Transportation Services /
Substance Abuse Services H 1,000,000
Employment Training H 3,000,000
Crime Awareness H 500,000
Fair Housing Counseling H 100,000
TenantlLandlord Counseling H 100,000
Child Care Service. H 300,000
Health Services H 1,000,000
PRIORITY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Priority Need Level ESTIMATED
NEEDS High, Medium, Low, No Such Need DOLLARS NEEDEO
TO AOORESS
Other Public Service Needs H 500,000
ACCESSIBILITY NEEDS
Accessibility Needs H 2,000,000
HISTORIC PRESERVATION NEEDS
Residential Historic Preservation Needs M 200,000
Non-Residential Historic Preservation Needs M 200,000
EeONOMle DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
Commercial-Industrial Rehabilitation H 1,000,000
Commercial-Industrial Infrastructure M 1,000,000
Other Commercial.lndustriallmprovements H 1,000,000
Micro-Business H 500,000
Other Businesses H 500,000
Technical Assistance H 2,000,000
Other Economic Development Needs
OTHER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
Energy Efficiency Improvements M 200,000
Lead Based Pa;ntIHazards M 300,000
Code Enforcement H 3,600,000
PLANNING
Planning
TOTAL ESTIMATED DOLLARS NEEDED TO ADDRESS: $224,774,500
"
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
CPD Consolidated Plan
Support of Applications by Other Entities Report
Funding Source
A. FonnulaJEntitlement Programs
ESG
Public Housing Comprehensive Grant
B. Competitive Programs
HOPE 1
HOPE 2
HOPE 3
ESG
Supportive Housing
HOPWA
Safe Havens
Rural Homeless Housing
See. 202 Elderly
See. 811 Handieapped
Moderate Rehab SRO
Rental Vouehers
Rental Certifie8tes
Publie Housing Development ..
Publie Housing MROP
Public Housing ClAP
UHTC
Support Application
by Other Entities?
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
VI. STRATEGIC PLAN
I .". A. Introduction
In the Housing and Market Analysis section of this Consolidated Plan, pertinent characteristics of
the City and it s residents were described and the City's primary housing needs and non-housing
needs were identified.
As a part of the federal applieation process for the CDBG and HOME Programs, the City of San
Bernardino is required to produce a single, 5 year, strategic plan that brings needs and resources
together in a coordinated housing and community development strategy. The strategy must be
developed to achieve the following statutory goals, principally for low-, very low-, and extremely
low-ineome residents:
. provide decent housing,
. create suitable living environments, and
. expand economic opportunities
In compliance with federal regulations, the City's 5 year Strategic Plan has been developed in
accordance with the following statutory goals:
. Elimination of slums and blight, elimination of conditions that are detrimental to health,
safety and public welfare, conservation and expansion of the nation's housing stock,
expansion and improvement of the quantity and quality of community services, better
utilization ofland and other natural resources, reduction of the isolation of income groups
within communities and geographical areas, restoration and preservation of properties of
special value, alleviation of physical and economic distress, and conservation of the nation's
scarce energy resources,
The mission of the City of San Bernardino Development Department, Housing Division, is "To
actively maintain, improve and develop quality neighborhoods and housing opportunities throughout
the City of San Bernardino." The definition of this mission indicates a strong desire on the part of
the City to respect the right that every citizen have safe, decent and sanitary shelter. To address the
primary need of housing and to meet their goals, the City has identified 5 priorities to aggressively
pursue on a policy and program basis over the next five years. 'These priorities reflect the policies
and programs which will best meet the needs within the City as described in the Needs Assessment
portion of the Consolidated Plan,
I
."-- ~:-_i~.::.
E3 .,PriorityAnalysis and Strategy Developirient:;'LJIr~:;,,, .,....J':I
With almost on hundred and forty years of development as a foundation, the City of San Bernardino
is now fortunate to have a diversity of housing stock with which to meet the needs of all incomes,
Almost sixty-one pereent of these homes are single family (attached and detached) with 32%
multiple-family units and 7,5% mobile homes. The City has established a history of proactively
91
this approach and the assistance of federal funds.
The priorities and programs have been developed based upon;
1) Successful programs set forth in the FY 1992 CRAS;
2) Information contained in other City of San Bernardino reports regarding
affordable housing needs and programs, and;
3) Discussions with public sector and private sector groups and individuals.
Successfully accomplishing the priorities set forward over the next five years is an ambitious objective
that will challenge the constituents of all sectors of the community. Moreover, the collective ability
to meet these objectives will depend not only upon the effective implementation of "programs", but
primarily upon access to sufficient Federal, State, local, and private resources and funding.
The City of San Bernardino has many important and often competing housing "needs" that any
community must attempt to address. In order to remain focused and assure effective and successful
management in meeting these identified housing "needs" within San Bernardino, the number of CRAS
priorities have been limited.
The five high priority "needs" in San Bernardino and the specific programs and five year goals for
successfully meeting these priority "needs" are:
Within the discussion of each priority, an analysis and strategy development will be presented. In
addition, the Consolidated Plan contains one y~ar and five year objectives for each priority.
92
Priority il1:
:.,...:-;---,...:.:-,.:-:-:.:-.:-:.:.;.:.........:._.
orth~t'.~Al'fordablen " HOiisi.ilg~to.M
i. Analysis
Throughout the City, preservation and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock is the number one
priority for the City of San Bernardino. First, replacement of existing units is costly and very time
eonsuming. Generally, if the City is able to provide pro-active code enforcement and utilize available
tinaneial resourees to improve existing multiple family apartment units, maintaining the supply of
decent, safe, and affordable units will be more manageable and will also allow for the development
of additional units, for all income levels.
As we examined the population in the Community Profile, housing needs are highly concentrated
among very low- and low-income renter households, while most moderate and upper income renter
and owner households live in affordable and adequate housing. To illustrate, Table 34 reports the
share of households-owners and renters-with any housing problem (affordability, overcrowding, or
physical inadequacy) by income group for the City.
-
In co m e Gro un Ren t ers Own ers
< 3 0% of Med ian 8 8% 8 2%
3 1 % - 5 0% of Medi an 8 5 % 72%
5 1 % - 8 0% of Median 6 7% 3 9%
8 1 % - 9 5 % of Median 3 0% 3 5 %
S ource 1 990 U. S Censu s, CHAS Tabl e 1 C
Among renters, the incidence of problems is eonsistently high across all low-income groups cited.
The incidence of housing problems among homeowners exceeds 70% among very low income
groups, dropping to just over one-third of the low and moderate income groups. For both renters
and owners, the ovelWhelrning problem is cost burden, as discussed in the Community Profile. The
data on cost burden showed that 37% of all households in San Bernardino are cost burdened, that
is paying more than 30% of their incomes on housing. Cost burden affects 50% of the renter
households and 25% of the owner households. The data showed that there is a much greater need
among very low and low income households than among moderate income households, although
there is an apparent need in that group as well.
93
A cost burdened household has less income available for other needs such as food, clothing and
health care as well as discretionary purchases. Cost-burdened renter households frequently have
few options since, even if they could fmd less expensive housing, they often lack the resources
for rent and security deposit to secure a different housing unit, as well as to pay other moving
expenses. Cost-burdened owner-households tend to defer maintenance and repair which
accelerates the deterioration of the housing unit.
Cost burden for very low-, low- and moderate-income owner households can make it very difficult
to obtain any additional fInancial assistance from conventional banking institutions. If a household
has a high debt-to-equity ratio or a high debt-to-income ratio and needs additional funds to make
emergency or routine repairs to their existing home, conventional lenders may not award the loan
due to their strict underwriting criteria. Generally, lending institutions will not loan in excess of
80% of the homes value or if housing debt exceeds 28% of income and total debt (automobiles,
credit cards, etc.) exceeds 34% of income. Many lending institutions view lower income
households as higher risk. Therefore, the City has made available a variety of programs aimed
at overall housing rehabilitation in the City of San Bernardino.
The City believes its fIrst priority is to improve the quality of life for permanent/owner occupied
households. In order to assist the 8,746 owner-occupied households who may be suffering from
anyone of a number of housing problems such as unit inadequacies or cost burden, the City
operates the Neighborhood "Spirit" Property Improvement Program, the Mobile Home
Rehabilitation Program and the Senior Citizen/Handicapped Rehabilitation Grant Program. The
City, however, is also concerned that rental households live in quality housing that is free from
physical inadequacies, To address this "need", the City also operates a comprehensive Rental
Rehabilitation Program.
The signifIcant housing characteristic ("need") which promotes the Neighborhood "Spirit"
Program as the City's number one priority, is that 14% of the City's housing is in substandard
condition, according to a 1987 survey for the City's Housing Element. This fourteen percent
includes 11 % deteriorated in condition and 3 % dilapidated and therefore unsuitable for
rehabilitation. In addition, the City's population is expected to continue to grow at an annual rate
of 3.5% for the next fIve years, or about 6,500 new residents per year. New housing is not
expected to be constructed as quickly as the population grows and new housing is generally more
expensive than existing units. Therefore, the largest number of affordable, adequate units will
be provided through preservation/rehabilitation of the City's existing housing stock.
.
This fIrst priority, more than any other, addresses all three aspects of housing discussed in the
Consolidated Plan,
1). Housing Availability. First, housing rehabilitation addresses housing availability by assisting
both owner-occupants and investment property owners through maintenance of the existing
affordable stock, ensuring that the number of affordable units available today continue to be
available for at least the next 15 years. (Generally, the lifespan of a moderate to substantial
property improvement should be at least 15 years).
94
2). Housing Affordability. Second, housing rehabilitation addresses housing affordability by
keeping affordable units habitable at a lesser cost than new construction of affordable units or
assisting first-time homebuyers which can require deeper subsidies to some households. Also,
housing rehabilitation tends to encourage similar activities within a neighborhood. First-time
homebuying does not necessarily have the same effect, though it is also a desirable strategy for
improving housing affordability and accessibility.
3,) Housing Adequacy. Finally, housing rehabilitation addresses housing adequacy by ensuring
that project completion is not granted until the unit is brought to an acceptable level of occupancy,
according to local building codes. The rehabilitation to be accomplished, whether at a moderate
or substantial level, will ensure that the completed unit has been repaired or refurbished to the
extent that it will remain in the affordable stock for at least the next 15 years. Housing
rehabilitation provides adequate, affordable, available units.
ii. Strategy Development (Activities and Programs).
Based on the needs and factors identified in the preceding paragraphs, the City has developed a
strategy to actively maintain, improve and develop stable neighborhoods and housing opportunities
throughout the entire City. This strategy will utilize six programs aimed at owner-occupied units
and one which targets rental properties. As shown in Table 2, rehabilitation of existing owner-
occupied units is ranked as priority 1 while rehabilitation of rental units is ranked as priority 2.
These programs are as follows:
Nei~hborhood "Spirit" Property Improvement Program.
This program is designed to fmancially assist low and moderate income single family
homeowners with rehabilitation/restoration of the property. This program was known as
the NRP Program, but with the inception of the City's new Housing Division, the program
has been revised and is now entitled the Neighborhood "Spirit" Property Improvement
Program. In order to improve San Bernardino's "quality of life" and housing stock, the
Neighborhood "Spirit" Program offers fmancial incentives to upgrade single-family homes
and neighborhoods, High-quality rehabilitation projects serve as an impetus for increased
neighborhood pride and maintenance,
The Neighborhood "Spirit" Program has two components, one aimed at "focus"
neighborhoods and the other available city-wide. The "focus" neighborhood component
concentrates available resources within designated "focus" neighborhoods, The overall
objective of this approach is to change the economics of each "focus" neighborhood and
stimulate increased neighborhood pride and stability, Programs within "focus"
neighborhoods are available to households earning up to 120% of median income.
--..:;.,"". ,~F~\p;~t.r';"\1f~~.:.?A';-;~i:,.;(tj':''';~~~:;''~;i~~:;~..~~~.~..~..~~~_~-:.$5"1:~-:~~~~t;'~"~../."';;''t.'.:~~.
..':;;.;The prlmary;.goal"'ofth~focus ~!nelghborhood'aPP'roach;!s!to ~llap.ge;the.~onormcs:
'f~:t~ic'Ii)iiighbOrh~d:~~'fibh'~~temr~ill~fll~ilttt~~~1r~~bie~~x~j
"ft'_;;r:.~k&~"",\"o("1i",,",'''''''i'/.'''Ol':~''.''''''=~ ~~=-,,~.;,._.
.l::;,'1'ft';")~~r.\i'.:...Wlthourthe;neea Jor...;~QreJllan;normaI;'~ll.Yiresources~~;~it~$- "
95
------.-----
The second component of the Neighborhood "Spirit" Program is available to households
city-wide earning up to 80% of median income. This component allows for rehabilitation
on a case by case basis for income eligible households. The eligibility criteria includes
the existence of demonstrated "critical property improvements" and/or significant negative
impact on the surrounding residential community,
The Neighborhood "Spirit" Program provides fmancial assistance through six different
programs, depending on applicant need, income eligibility and level of rehabilitation
required. These programs are listed in the following table. The City notes that over
eighty percent (80%) of the Property Improvement Program funds will be returned, for
use in assisting other households.
1. Exterior Paint Program
2. Exterior Improvement Loan Program
3. Exterior Improvement Loan-Plus Program
4. Home Improvement Loan Program
5. Rebate (Grant) Program
Job Training Program
The rehabilitation program contains a component designed to provide job training services
through the JTP A. For each rehabilitation project, up to three persons are provided with
construction job training. This program can be used on up to seven projects for a total of
21 persons receiving training at a time.
Mobile Home Rehabilitation Pro!!ram.
This program is considered a "special needs population program offering" by the City as
the target group is very low income seniors, The City offers this program as an adjunct
to its Neighborhood Rehabilitation Loan Program. Maximwn assistance is a grant amount
of $1,000 per unit and must be repaid if the mobile home is sold within one year of
receiving assistance. As each and every mobile hom~,park and mobile home within City
boundaries is inspected, this program is available to ensure that all code violations will be
corrected ,on units owned by those of low and lower incomes who may not have the
fmancial resources to make the cited repairs necessary to bring their unit up to current city
codes,
Senior CitizenlHandicapped Rehabilitation Grant Program.
Low and very-low income single family senior citizen (62 years of age or older) or
handicapped households are targeted for assistance through this program, The recipient
96
household must meet established income criteria to receive a grant of up to $2,500 for
emergency home repairs. This program is available to eligible applicants across the city.
Mobile Home Seismic Retrofit Pro~ram.
This is a new program which began in FY 1993. In anticipation of the possibility of a
large magnitude earthquake, the City has established a grant program to fmanciaIIy assist
the very low income mobile home owner to retrofit their units in order to prevent damage
as a result of a severe earthquake. The program will be offered to mobile home owners
throughout the City.
Demolition PrOl!ram.
The Demolition Program is designed to assist low income homeowners whose property or
structures have been cited for code deficiencies, health, or safety problems or other
improvements deemed necessary as identified by City staff and which may be related to
the rehabilitation programs being provided by the City.
Rental Rehabilitation Pro~ram (Multi-Familvl Apartment Units).
The Rental Rehabilitation Program was terminated by the federal government in October
1991. Remaining RRP funds may be expended for the rehabilitation of decent, safe,
sanitary and affordable rental housing for up to five years after its allocation to the City.
As of FY 1994, the City has remaining RRP funds which may be utilized for up to two
more years for rental rehabilitation purposes. Future rehabilitation of affordable rental
units to be available to low income tenants will be conducted through HOME formula
allocation funding that the City of San Bernardino began receiving in FY 1992.
These funds have been designated for use towards substantial rehab of multi family rental
projects, a portion of which will be used in conjunction with a non profit CHDO and
establishing a comprehensive tenant based assistance program for special needs households
in conjunction with the San Bernardino Housing Authority,
97
Hi. Objectives
PRIORITY #1: Preservation and Rehabilitation of the
"Affordable" Housing Stock, Emphasizing Single Family Units
The Five-year target for rehabilitation is:
....TIQ.. Multiple Family units
--6.illL Single Family units
The One-year target for rehabilitation is:
~ Multiple Family units
--1QQ... Single Family units
High Priority #2:., Assist Low Income First Time Homebuyers with the Purchase of
"Affordable" PerinanentHousing
i. Analysis
Housing Affordability. Census and other data indicates that very low and low income families
cannot afford the median priced home in San Bernardino even with today's record low interest
rates, In addition, many moderate income families have difficulty saving enough for a down
payment and closing costs. Table 33 in the Community Profile provides a breakdown of the
income required to purchase the median priced home in San Bernardino at current interest rates,
If a low income family was able to save 20% for a down payment, they would be able to purchase
the median priced home only if the interest rate was 6% or less. Even at current low rates, the
only type of loan with a low enough interest rate is an adjustable rate loan. While they would be
able to afford the initial rate on an adjustable rate loan, future increases in the interest rate would
cause them to pay more than 30% of their income unless t1leir income also rises, A moderate
income family could afford to purchase the median priced home at current interest rates if they
were able to save at least 20% down. With a down payment of five or ten percent, a moderate
income family could only purchase if they used an adjustable rate loan.
These factors illustrate the need for assistance in home purchase, For their part, the City has
developed a frrst-ti!ne homebuyer program to assist qualified homebuyers. In addition to assisting
families with home purchase, these type of programs have an additional benefit of freeing up
rental units for new families, In some cases the availability of these units might allow households
experiencing housing problems to move into more suitable housing.
98
Housing Accessibility. Very often the homes available at prices acceptable to first time
homebuyers are those in need of repairs or rehabilitation in older areas of the City. Therefore,
there is a need for a program which will provide rehabilitation funds as part of the home purchase.
San Bernardino is seen as an open, accessible community, There are instances of grievances
brought before the contracted Fair Housing Council for differential treatment, or discrimination,
however, these cases are usually mediated to a successful end.
Accessibility appears to be a greater problem for the handicapped, disabled and elderly
populations. . Access is constrained by inadequate transportation linkages and a shortage of
adequate accommodations that prevent some households from gaining access to neighborhoods and
housing opportunities that might meet their needs.
Housing Availability. Overall housing supply appears to have kept pace with demand. In fact,
at this time vacancy rates are higher than needed to assure freedom of movement in the market.
However, due to the rapid appreciation experienced in San Bernardino as well as the rest of
Southern California in the 1970's and 1980's, home prices are out of reach of many families. In
addition, strict underwriting rules at local lending institutions has kept many would-be
homeowners from entering the market. Thus, while there is an ample supply of properties for-
sale, many of these remain out of reach of first time buyers. In addition, during the late 1980's
the market produced many move.up homes that remained vacant when the recession cooled the
market. There is a larger supply of more expensive homes for sale while there are not as many
homes affordable to first time buyers,
The stock of available affordable first-time homebuyer units could be expanded through the new
construction process by using the City-owned land purchased with low- and moderate-income
redevelopment funds. If the City could enlist a developer through incentives and with the
dedication of land, possibly through a ground lease, affordable first-time homebuyer units could
be developed and sold as a limited equity concept. Upon transfer of the property, the first-time
homebuyer would receive a share of the equity built up in the home pursuant to resale restrictions
placed on the project through deed restrictions. The home would then be resold to another first-
time buyer. During the first-time homebuyers residence in the limited equity unit, they would
have been exposed to a homeowner's association and its rights and responsibilities, enjoyed the
ability to write-off interest payments while residing in the horne, accrued some equity to apply to
the purchase of another home and learned the responsibilities that home ownership requires,
/
ii. Strategy Development (Activities and Programs)
The intent of providing opportunities for affordable homeownership is to assist marginal
households into the mainstream of the homebuying market through some financial assistance and
homebuyer education. Horne ownership is the traditional method by which Americans accrue
wealth and these families would have a chance to improve their situation and eventually move up
to a nicer horne, The City of San Bernardino is also committed to first time home buyers as a
mechanism to increase community pride and stability. This commitment is reflected in Table 2
as a number one priority for the City,
99
Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity is a non-profit organization which utilizes volunteer labor and donations for
families who would not ordinarily be able to experience homeownership. Habitat for Humanity
requests assistance from the EDA Development Department in acquiring vacant parcels on which
a single-family detached home could be constructed or an existing home could be moved onto
which might require some rehabilitation for a low income family. The department may approve
projects as presented by Habitat and will be responsible for site acquisition at a cost not to exceed
$25,000, The staff will be working with the organization to ensure that, once a site has been
identified, the home which is constructed is a high quality product, and is an asset to the
surrounding residential community. The City anticipates assisting up to two households per year
in the City, where land acquisition costs appear to be most reasonable.
First-Time Homebuyer's Mortgage Assistance Program (MAPl.
This pilot program is designed to assist first-time homebuyers with the purchase of a home within
the City of San Bernardino. Eligible properties include condominiums, town home and single-
family detached homes. City assistance will be in the form of down payment/closing cost
assistance in amounts up to 10% of the purchase price with a cap of $15,000. The City then
receives an equity interest in the property, receiving it s percentage back when the home is sold
or refinanced, The homes purchased may be located in any census tract in the City as long as it
is occupied by and affordable to a low-income homeowner.
The remaining funds will be utilized to develop a Mortgage Assistance Program which either
reduces the homebuyers interest rate, or provides additional tax incentives for first-time
homebuyers. In both scenarios, the goal is to increase the first-time homebuyers fmancial
wherewithal, thereby facilitating their ability to purchase a home, As part of this effort, the
department will also be developing a marketing program designed to promote homeownership
opportunities throughout the City of San Bernardino. Once developed, this program will be made
available to the Board of Realtors, local lenders, developers, and prospective homebuyers. The
goal of this effort will be to promote long-term homeownership opportunities within the City of
San Bernardino, thereby stabilizing neighborhoods and improving community pride.
Project Home Run
This project provides fmancial counseling and services to low income households embarking on
the purchase of a home, The counseling provided teaches., the family about basic household
budgeting, the importance of savings for a homeowner in case a major repair is needed, and
regular household maintenance and its importance in the upkeep of the family home, Training
and counseling will be conducted at various locations throughout the City,
The Development Department is working with the Catholic Charities to assist first-time
homebuyers with these counseling services, As a result of these counseling services, Catholic
Charities will develop and provide a list of potential pre-qualified homeowners to the City for
inclusion in one of the first-time homebuying initiatives,
100
Hi. 0 b i ectives
PRIORIlY #2 - Assist Low Income First Time Homebuyers with the Purchase
of AlTordable Permanent Housinl!
The five-year targets are:
~ First-Time Homebuyers (New Single Family Construction).
....1i. First-Time Homebuyers (Existing Single Family Homes).
175 Households receiving homeownership financial counseling.
The one-year targets are:
-1Q. First-Time Homebuyers (New Single Family Construction).
J2.. First-Time Homebuyers (Existing Single Family Homes).
--1i. Households receiving homeownership financial counseling.
IHi~b.Pfi;;riff#3i;Pf6f!d~j1~iit~[M~i~iliriE~tav~iiiLbwlliS6iri~H;;il~~h6Id~;~
i. Analysis
Among low income households, different types of families experience different housing problems
("needs"). Almost universally, however, all household types experience excess or severe cost burden
in at least 57% of all very low-income renter households. Over 10,283 very low-income renter
households are cost burdened in San Bernardino.
Problml Eld."" Small La~. Other
Any Problom 73% 'N 96" .,..
Ex_ Coot 73.. .... 11% 84.5%
Severe Coot 57.. 5... 53% 59%
0Ym:r0w..... 0% 25.. 72% N/A
Source: 1990 u. S. Census, CllAS Daubook.
Similarly, with elderly and other owner household types, severe cost burden affects at least 54% of
all owner households which are very low-income or almost 3,000 households.
101
-
Problem
Any Problem
Excess Cost
Severe Cost
Overcrowdin
Elderlv
Other
42%
42%
23%
N/A
74%
66%
46%
19%
Source: 1990 U S. Census, CRAS Databook.
Congress has designated very low-income renters who live In substandard housing or pay more than
50% of income for rent (severe cost burden) as having the "worst case housing needs." Congress has
directed that these households be given priority for admission to federally-assisted programs. As
shown earlier in the Community Profile, assisted housing IS In great demand In San Bernardino.
Currently, 1,730 very low-income households receive federal assistanee. Another 1,941 very low-
income small and elderly households are on the Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino's
waiting list. However, the current waiting list has been closed since December of 1990 so there are
undoubtedly additional households which are eligible for and desire housing assistance but have been
unable to even make the waiting list. Nationally, about 30% of the income-eligible renter households
received assistance in 1989. Fifty-seven percent of the households on the waiting list meet the "worst
case housing needs" critena and have federal preference. In fact, within the State of California, 49%
of all very low-income renter households are designated as having the "worst case housing need."
Elderly renters eligible for federal housing subsidies are substantially more likely to receIve assistance
than non-elderly, Nationwide, nearly 40% of eligible elderly receive assistance compared to 26% of
non-elderly. In San Bernardino, according to the County's Administrative Plan preferences, elderly
have received 21% of all assistance, small families receive 44% and large families receive 35% of
assistance alloeated to San Bernardino residents.
Housing Availability. Approximately 44 percent ofthe housing stock in San Bernardino is available
for rent. The City of San Bernardino offers a diversity of housing stock in terms of eost and type.
There is housing to serve very low income individuals and fl,lmilies as well as housing for upper
income residents. While the City currently provides some housing possibilities for the very low and
low income renter families, it has been detennined that as many as 71 percent of these households are
currently overpaying for housing costs. As the current recession continues to strain personal
resources and the percent of income given to housing costs, more and more people will be vulnerable
to losing their current homes, both rental and owned.
Housing AfTordability. The City of San Bernardino's employment is concentrated in the service
sector, with many retail, hotel and restaurant establishments. Together with other businesses they
employ hundreds of low income wage earners. Commonly, it requires two wage earners per
102
household to meet a families basic needs. The City acknowledges it s responsibility to house
employees in affordable housing close to their work and has established programs to encourage the
construction of more affordable units. However, many households currently have limited ineomes
and are paying more than 50 percent of their income for rent. Despite the numbers receiving Section
8 Certificates and Vouchers or residing in public housing, there are still many households who need
housing assistance, including almost 2,000 on the waiting list for Section 8 and over 2,000 on the
public housing waiting list.
Housing affordability is the single biggest housing problem/"need" facing San Bernardino residents.
Fully, 10,283 very low-income, 2,253 low-ineome and 201 moderate-income renter households state
excess cost burden as a problem. Therefore, 12,872 or 51% of the total renter household population
is rent burdened in San Bernardino. This is why rental assistance is the City's fourth priority,
Housing Adequacy. A survey by the City Code Enforcement Division indieates that approximately
forty-five percent of the housing in the City is in substandard condition. The City makes funds
available to the property owner through set aside, CDBG, and HOME funding for rehabilitation but
motivation is often lacking.
The quality of life and the security of residents in San Bernardino's existing neighborhoods depends
upon the continued maintenance and protection of these communities. Central and West San
Bernardino are examples of neighborhoods of older smaller homes that are ideal for first time buyers
and retired seniors. Through City ordinances these types of areas can be protected from
encroachment of incompatible uses and the negative impacts of noise, traffic and other environmental
influences. Because the housing stock in San Bernardino is almost equally divided between rental and
owner occupied, the problems of preservation and rehabilitation must be addressed with the concerns
of both the homeowner and the landlord. Solutions must include ways to involve absentee landlords
in the effort to rehabilitate properties, upgrade neighborhoods and restore community pride.
It cannot be detennined from any of the numerical information presented whether physical
inadequacies or overcrowding is a bigger problem in renter households in San Bernardino. This
information was not provided by HUD and is difficult to aseertain through the CRAS charts
presented in this CRAS. However, the Code Enforcement survey would indicate that the majority
ofthe renter units and owner-occupied units require rehabilitation. Rental assistance for very low-
and low-income renter households may encourage investment property owners to invest some
working capital and to take advantage of newly designed City-sponsored rehabilitation programs in
order to gain a regular tenant who pays up to 30% of their montWy income in rent while the City
subsidizes the owner up to fair market rent.
ii. Strate
The intent of providing rental assistance to very low- and low-income households is to provide
additional affordable housing opportunities for families who desperately need them as well as to
improve the existing stock of affordable housing in San Bernardino. The City intends to use the
following 7 programs which will be funded with Section 8 and Redevelopment Set-Aside funds.
Assistance to rental households is ranked as priority 2 on Table 2, with the provision of rental
103
assistance a primary activity for these households.
RentlDeoosit Guarantee Prol!ram
The Rent Guarantee Program is a "safety. net program" offered as intervention to prevent
displacement of households "in danger" of becoming homeless due to loss of in eo me from job loss,
illness or other eligible situations. The Deposit Guarantee Program assists homeless families which
are trying to return to rental housing from transitional/homeless situations by offering required
security deposits. Two facilities administer the funds for the City, the Frazee Community Center and
the Westside Community Service Center.
Section 8 Rental Assistance Certificate Prol!ram
The Development Department continues to work closely with the Housing Authority of the County
of San Bernardino providing City residents with assistance under both the Section 8 Rental Certificate
Program and the Seetion 8 Voucher Program. The City also provides project-based assistance
through the rent subsidy program which is attached to a specific unit within the City's boundaries.
Through the Section 8 program, landlords agree to a specific rent for one year, with a rent increase
possible after the first year. These federal Section 8 payments make up the difference between the
contract rent ofa rental unit and what the tenant is required to pay (no more than 30% of income).
Initial gross rent (contract rent plus utility allowance) cannot exceed fair market rents for the area.
Because of the size and diversity of San Bernardino County, the fair market rents defined by HUD
for the entire metropolitan statistical area exeeed the actual market rents in several cities and
communities throughout the County. In areas with low market rents this can allow participants to
rent housing which may be considered luxury housing or with more amenities than intended by
program regulations. At this time, HUD is not receptive to permitting sub market rents to alleviate
this concern.
The Housing Authority of San Bernardino county assists Section 8 applications based on new
allocations from HUD and as a result of partieipants dropping out of the Seetion 8 Program, thereby,
enabling them to give the certificate to another applicant. Approximately 20 participants drop out
each month, or 240 annually. During 1991, according to the most reeent data available the Housing
Authority received additional allocations to assist 133 Seetion 8 applieants. Therefore, based on the
Housing Authority's calculations, it would anticipate assisting 373 new families from the existing
waiting list, with a majority of those certificates going to households that require assistance in the
City of San Bernardino,
Section 8 Rental Assistance Voucher Prol!ram
The San Bernardino County Housing Authority provides voucher assistance which may be used to
rent any unit an eligible low or very-low income San Bernardino resident chooses. The voucher
program operates much the same as the Section 8 Program in that it provides financial assistanee paid
directly to the property owner on behalf of participating families residing in privately-owned and
managed dwelling units. The basic differences are;
104
1) the term "payment standard" is used instead of "fair market rent". The payment
standard determines the amount of assistance to be paid on behalf of the family; and
2) annual increases in the amount of the payment standard are not provided for, although
two increases per five-year period may be made; and
3) any rent negotiation would be between the voucher holder and the owner. The owner
may increase the rents <:fier the first year of the lease. However, if the rent is
increased above the payment standard (which includes all utility costs), the increase
would be paid by the tenant (voucher holder); and
4) the tenant is permitted at thislher option to pay rent in excess 000% of their adjusted
ineome, although HUD considers this to be "rent burden".
Aftercare Rental Assistance
The Aftercare Rental Assistance operates in the same fashion as the Section 8 Rental Subsidy
Program. Eligible recipients are very-low income individuals who are physically disabled and
reeeiving support services from a state authorized agency or their designee. The City has
preliminarily established a designated funding level for FY 1994. In addition, future "need"
will be approached on a case-by-case basis, depending on the availability of additional HOME
program resources.
Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Prol!ram
This program provides guaranteed rents for fifteen years to owners of existing multifamily housing
who rehabilitate their properties to rent them to low and moderate income households. The
guaranteed rents make it possible to secure favorable financing terms for the work. The City has
planned on a designated funding level as yet and will approach need on a case-by-case basis.
Mobile Home SDace Rent Subsidy
This program prevents eligible households from becoming homeless by subsidizing their space rent.
Maximum assistanee is $50 per month, per spaee.
Tenant Assistance Policv
It is the intent of the City of San Bernardino to minimize permanent displacement of residential rental
tenants as a result of any of the City's program services. In cases where permanent displacement of
low income families is unavoidable, financial and technical relocation assistance will be provided to
those families. Very low income families will not be permanently displaced in favor of non very low
income families.
Definition ofDisolacement: The term "displaced person" means any person(s) that moves
permanently and involuntarily from real property due to physical rehabilitation activities.
Examples of "program related" displacement include, but are not limited to, units under
utilized, unit overcrowding and housing cost overpayment (family paying more than 30% of
monthly gross income for housing expenses). No tenant will be considered displaeed if the
105
tenant has been offered a decent, safe, and sanitary dwelling unit in the project at an
affordable rent. Qualification ofdisplacees will be solely determined by the City. Tenants will
not be considered displaeed if they were offered assistanee and have refused this assistanee.
Assistance to Displaeees: Displacees will receive either Seetion 8 rental subsidy assistanee,
or relocation assistance pursuant to the provisions for permanent displacement of the U.S.
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Property Aequisition Aet of 1970, as amended.
Information and Counseling: Technical assistanee will also be provided to eaeh tenant and
will include information to familiarize displacees with opportunities to select appropriate
replacement housing within the full range of available housing and individual rights under the
federal Fair Housing Law.
No displacees will be discriminated against in the provision of information, counseling,
referrals, or other relocation services.
Tenant Counselin~ and Education.
The City of San Bernardino has identified a "need" among multiple-family rental households for
tenant counseling and education on personal finance, budgeting, job training and household
rnaintenanee. The City intends to pro-aetively develop such a program to address this "need" within
the next five years.
iii. Objectives
PRIORITY #3: Provide Rental Assistance to Verv Low Income Households
The fin-year targets are:
7 000 Section 8 Rental Certificates.'
I 600 Section 8 Rental Vouchers. I
I 000 Mobile Home Space Rent Subsidies.
150 Aftercare Rental Assistance.
The one.year targets are:
..
1.400 Section 8 Rental Certificates.'
J1Q.. Section 8 Rental Vouchers.'
200 Mobile Home Space Rent Subsidies.
..1Q. Aftercare Rental Assistance.
t Soun;e: San Bernardino County Ho . Authority EstimalCl.
106
IHi~bP:jiijijtii#4!1;A]~Htitii~H6ffi~ig~~rldsB&i~iN~@gi>~f~6ri~wfthstijjBijHfv~sihliegl
i. Analysis
Housing availability, accessibility and afford ability is virtually unknown for the homeless population.
The S-Night 1990 U. S. Census count detennined there were 512 homeless in San Bernardino on the
evening of March 20, 1990. Based on reported statistics collected through interviews with service
providers in San Bernardino, City staff estimated in 1992 that there were between 1,000 and 1,500
homeless persons in San Bernardino. These numbers indicate that homelessness is a serious problem
in San Bernardino. It may be that the City's size and other factors draw homeless persons from
throughout the region into the City,
Presently there are 239 shelter beds in San Bernardino (including 92 which are reserved for families
displaced by domestic violence) which is 273 less than would be needed to house all of the homeless
according lowest estimate of the homeless population in the City. In addition, over 5,000 very low
income households earning under 50% of median family income are cost burdened by 50% or more
and at-risk ofhomelessness.
ii. Strate
The intent of this priority is to continue to provide City support of nonprofit and other supportive
service institutions which provide homeless assistance, emergency shelter, transitional shelter and
homeless prevention services to San Bernardino homeless and at-risk populations. This priority
includes the City's strategies to provide transitional and emergeney shelters for the homeless, the
prevention ofhomelessness and assisting the homeless in making the transition to permanent housing.
Assistance for the homeless is ranked as a two on Table 2, with support facilities and services the
designated activity to assist this group.
Emen!encv Shelter Grant
The Emergency Shelter Grant program benefits homeless individuals and families through services
and shelter, coupled with employment, job training, and additional support services to deal with drug
and alcohol abuse. The City expects an allocation totalling $40,000 from the federal Emergency
Shelter Grant Program to assist in providing emergency shelter and supportive services to
approximately 3,000 homeless individuals and/or households.,'Two facilities have benefitted from
these funds in the past and will likely receive an administrative allocation of funds again in the future:
the Frazee Community Center and the Salvation Army. Other organizations are located centrally in
the City of San Bernardino.
RentlDeDosit Guarantee Prol!ram
As discussed in priority #3 regarding rental assistance, these two programs assist homeless or the "at-
risk" population either to gain access to permanent rental housing by providing required security
deposit assistance or by intervening on an emergency basis on behalf of a household in danger of
107
becoming homeless and providing needed rental assistance to stay eviction.
Transitional Housinl!:
The City has two programs which are designed to help persons to make the transition from
homelessness baek into Society. These programs as are follows:
1. Mentor Program. The City has established a Mentor Team program in conjunction with eivic,
church and business groups on a volunteer basis. The mentors assist individuals living in transitional
housing as "role models" and job/career advisors. The relationships which develop provide moral and
emotional sup'port for those reentering the workforce in dealing with daily responsibilities, chores,
and holding a full or part time position. These teams have received training to learn the about
program's expectations and how to be an effective mentor. Assoeiated with this program, the City
has also become pre-approved to participate in the HUD Lease/Option Program.
2. Transitional Housing Facility (CHDO/Frazee Communitv Center). The City is eurrently working
with Frazee Community Center to purchase two 4-unit apartment buildings. The City would acquire
and rehabilitate the units and Frazee would operate the facility. Two units in each building would be
rented as market rate units and the proceeds from those units would be used to provide two
. transitional units within each building. The transitional units would be interim in nature (4 to 6
months) and would provide supportive services for the residents.
Battered Women's Shelter Prol!:ram
The City will continue to provide CDBG funds to Battered Women's Shelters to assist women and
children who are homeless or low income and are in need of speeial services such as counseling,
employment, or financial planning. The CDBG funds also provide shelter and a safe environment
during case management for individual situations, as required. These monies are set aside for the
administrative costs of running the Bethlehem House and the Option House and providing structural
rehabilitation funds for the Bethlehem House shelters. The program is very successful, the shelters
are located in the eastern area of the City.
Senior Assistance Prol!:ram - Mobile Home Rent Subsidy
Many low and very-low income seniors on fixed incomes have used their remaining funds to purchase
a mobile home. However, because ofinflation and increases in space rent, they are unable to afford
the space rent. This program prevents eligible households from becoming homeless by subsidizing
their space rent. Annually, this program will assist approximately 160 senior households with $50
per month, per space.
Mobile Home InsnectionlRehabilitation Prol!:ram
The State of California has mandated that every mobile home park and mobile home be inspected
within the next five years. The City of San Bernardino is responsible for this inspection in an effort
to improve the quality of life for very low income seniors within the mobile home parks. The
Development Department has established a grant program to ensure that items listed on the citations
108
for violations of the Health and Safety codes will be corrected on mobile homes owned by those of
low and moderate income. By inspecting eaeh mobile home and every mobile home park, the quality
of life within the City should be vastly improved. These mobile homes and the parks are loeated
throughout the City.
Homeless Shelter Utility Payments Prol!ram (HSUPP)
Through the Homeless Shelter Utility Payments Program, the City provides assistance to various
homeless shelter; with the payment of utility bills (ie, electricity, water). The shelters which will likely
receive this assistance are located in the central section of the City.
San Bernardino County Homeless Coalition
This cooperative organization is made up of various local governmental entities and county social
service departments to facilitate the needs of the homeless within the City and County of San
Bernardino. The Task Force undertakes issues relative to assuring that the components for servicing
the homeless are in place and that each respective City or governmental entity utilizes its fair share
of local resources for the development of homeless shelters, transitional housing, and services to
address homelessness. In-kind contribution of staff time Oabor) constitutes the resouree commitment
for this program.
Homeless Resource Directorv
The City responded to a number of requests in the past for information regarding services for the
homeless. In response to these requests, the Development Department has prepared a Homeless
Resource Directory and now distributes this directory to all agencies in the City that deal with
homelessness,
Childcare Facilities
Childcare facilities are provided for low income City residents on an application basis at the PAL
Facility loeated in the Northwest Redevelopment Project Area. The City anticipates assisting with
operational support and some staff'salaries because they are so neeessary to the community.
109
iii. 0 b i ectives
PRIORITY 114: A..ist Homele.. and Special Needs Persons
with Su ortive Senriccs Pro rams.
The five-year targets are:
IS 000 Emergency Shelter Households.'
500 RentlDeposit Guarantees.
_ 50 T ramitional housing wUts.
2000 Battered Women and Children.
1.000 Mobile Home Residents.
The one-)'ear targets are:
3 000 Emergency Shelter Households.'
.-lQQ RentlDeposit Guarantees.
~ Transitional housing wUts.
400 Battered Women and Children.
200 Mobile Home Residents.
I This nwnber is not undu lieated since a household tt\.tv s d more tlwt one ni t in a shelter.
Illlfii.lllllli~!!!i!i!III"I;~WJl~~i\'lil~I~_il~fr~II~'111~III~illiill.
i. Analysis
Housing Availability and Adequacy. The City of San Bernardino has a number of programs
already in operation which have allowed for the construction of new affordable units, both rental and
owner occupied, within the City. The Redevelopment Agency 20% Set-aside Funds for Low to
Moderate Income Housing have been used to assist in the development of 409 single family units and
145 multiple family units. Tax exempt bond financing has been used to assist in the construction of
1,896 multiple family units. As developers review their plans it provides the city with an opportunity
to actively pursue the possibilities of these programs. In addition, there are many opportunities to
address underutilized properties and rethink existing land uses. Some creative approaches to housing
development include mixed use, increased density to allow for more open space and transfer of
development credits. To determine whether local levels of housing production are keeping pace with
overall demand, we win examine the fonowing:
1) change in total number of households relative to change in total number of housing
units; and
2) vacancy rates for rental and homeowner units,
110
Table 35 illustrates this basic approach for the City of San Bernardino. If the ratio of housing unit
change to household change is less than 1.0, stoek growth has fallen short of household growth.
Conversely, if the ratio is greater than 1.0, the stock has increased by more than enough units overall
to accommodate household growth. As shown, the ratio is 1.34, indicating the stock has increased
by one-third more than the number of households.
In 1990 the vacancy rate for owner-occupied housing was 2.1 %, which indieates there might have
been some unmet demand since ideal vacaney rates for freedom of movement in the market are
estimated to be 4%. However, the 1990 rental vacancy rate of8.5% is higher than ideal which would
indicate an overabundance of available units. Vacancy rates for both rental and owner occupied units
indicate that supply exceeds demand.
Household Increase, 1980-1990:
Housing Unit Increase, 1980-1990: 12,376
Note: Population growth was more rapid than household growth and the average household size increased
from 2.62 to 2.9 ons.
9,222
_ = 1.34 Units per Household
1990 Vacanoy Rates
1993 VacancY Rates
Rental
8.5%
N/A
Owner Tolal
2.1%
N/A
7.3%
8.3%
Source: 1980 and 1990 Census, l. of Finance Po ulation Estimates.
Generally, the pace of housing production has kept up with population growth. This is also true as
presented in the table below, a recapitulation of CRAS Table IB, Part A, which displays the number
and percentage of the available rental and owner housing stock. By available stock, we mean
identified occupied and vacant rental and owner units.
Cate 0
Renter
Owner
o and 1 Bedroom
2 bedrooms
3 or more bedrooms
11,491 or 40%
2,326 or 8%
11,941 or 42%
9,013 or31%
4,989 or 18%
17,7380r61%
Source: U.S. 1990 Census, CRAS Table 1B
Table 37 compares household types and total available units. Although admittedly oversimplified,
there appears to be adequate owner units available, with the smaller owner households living in larger
units, This table disguises the fact that some owner households are overcrowded, which was
discussed in the Community Profile, The overcrowded owner households would be large families that
are living in units with two or fewer bedrooms. Among rental units, there is a shortage of units with
III
2 or more bedrooms. The larger rental households that cannot find adequately sized units are thus
housed in zero and one bedroom units, leading to overerowding.
-
Ho us eh 01 d s By Typ e Un its by 8 ize ~ 8 u rplus
(8 h 0 rta2e)
Elderly Renters 2 , 99 6 0 and I B edro om Rent aI I I , 49 I 8 , 4 9 5
Eld erly Owners 7, 93 4 0 and I B edroo m Owner 2, 3 26 (5 , 60 8)
Small and All Other Renters I 7, 469 2 B edro 0 m Rental I I , 94 I (5 , 5 2 8 )
Large Related Renters 4, 9 6 8 3 + B edroom Rental 4, 98 9 (2 I )
All Other Owners 2 I . 2 7 7 2+ B edroo m Owner 26. 7 5 I 5.474
To tal 5 4 , 644 Total 5 7, 49 8 2, 8 5 4
Sourc e FY I 994 CHAS Tables I B and I C, I 9 90 CHAS D atabook.
. Includes 0 ccupied and vaeant units for rent or sale but excludes other vacant unit s
Of the available units within the City of San Bernardino, there is a definite bias toward availability of
housing for large family owners. The problem with this simple analysis is there is no way to discern
from the numbers alone whether adequate numbers of various bedroom types exist to fulfill various
household types' needs. For instance, while there is a shortage of two bedroom units, there is
insufficient data to determine the numbers of one and two person households who reside in larger
rental units. Income considerations may allow a two-person, two-income family to afford a two or
three bedroom rental unit while a larger family with only one income might be unable to afford a
larger unit and is thus crowded into a zero or one bedroom unit. The data on overcrowding indicate
that this may be the case for many households.
In terms of physical inadequacies, this priority addresses new construction which is required to be
built to current City codes. In addition, development requirements bring adequate infrastructure,
open space, and streetscape elements which enhance the quality of the living environment and
encourage long term pride of ownership.
Usually, ehange in the size and composition of the housing stoc.k does not always coincide with the
population trends in a community. However, the City can proactively work toward serving the
community projected to reside in San Bernardino over the next 5 to 10 years by developing both
single and multiple family housing for various income levels. Monitoring oflocal rates of housing
construction can provide valuable clues regarding overall availability of housing in the market. San
Bernardino, which still has a large amount of developable land, would be proactively designing mixed
income housing which would accurately reflect the housing needs of the projected household
population.
As noted above, the emphasis in prior years was on multiple family construction. However, in
112
recognition of the high vacancy rates among multiple family units, the City has shifted its foeus to
single family detached housing units. The goal of new single-family detached housing construction
is to produce high quality/affordable units which set the standard for future development and will set
the standard for other programs in order to improve the surrounding neighborhoods.
Housing AlTordability. In the City of San Bernardino, one-third of the households fall within the
very low income bracket of $14,422 or less, another 18 percent have low incomes of $14,423 to
$23,074. As shown previously in Table 34, the median home price of$96,200 is out of reach of most
very low and low income families even with interest rates at their current low levels. It should be
noted that the occupations that fall within these ranges include service occupations such as hotel and
restaurant em'ployees, retail clerks, delivery personnel, providers of personal services such as
housekeeping and beauty care, secretaries, aides and many other blue collar personnel. The largest
employers in the City of San Bernardino are those which primarily provide low paying jobs, such as
the Inland Center and Carousel Malls, several hospitals and government employers. The City
recognizes this and encourages the development of new rental units that are affordable to these
families.
ii. Strate
The intent of this housing priority is to provide ample affordable housing opportunities for existing
households as well as future residents of the City. The strategy to accomplish this task combines
financial and regulatory ineentives. These programs are a secondary activity for meeting the needs
of first-time homebuyers, who are ranked number I on Table 2.
Use of the 20% Redevelopment Set-Aside for Low-Income Housing. Aecording to State
redevelopment law, 20% of the tax increment generated from redevelopment project areas is to be
set aside for low- and moderate-income housing assistance programs. There are very few limitations
on the use of housing set-aside funds other than the money be spent within the City, and preferably
within the redevelopment project area, and respond to any housing needs created by redevelopment
activity.
The set-aside fund wiII continue to grow as additional development in the City's redevelopment
project areas generates new tax increment The City's long-range plan for expenditures of the 20%
redevelopment set-aside funds will incorporate use of funds for housing rehabilitation, rental
assistance, new construetion, homeless programs and the assistance of first time home buyers. The
following five programs utilize redevelopment funds to assist ~!l new construction.
Housing Development Program
The Development Department has utilized low-moderate housing set-aside funds to construct
new, multi-family, affordable units targeted for seniors. All together, the nine projects
initiated in FY 1992 and the five projects undertaken in FY 1993 will provide approximately
515 new affordable housing units (renter and owner-occupied) for seniors, special needs
populations and single families in San Bernardino.
Three (3) senior housing complexes located in the northwestern area of the City are currently
113
under construction. A 51-unit complex is being funded in cooperation with the County
Housing Authority and the remaining two are being funded in conjunction with non-profit
entities. The Casa Ramona Senior Housing Projeet is made up of 44 units and the Highland
Lutheran Senior Housing Project is constructing 50 units. Over $6.4 million in RDA set-aside
funds are being used to build these three projeets. All projects are designed to maximize
private sector participation in the implementation of housing strategies of developing
affordable housing opportunities.
The prior emphasis of this program was on the identified "need" for additional senior citizen
oriented housing. However, due to the changing composition of the community, the City has
recognized a need for affordable, high quality single family units for large families. In the
future, this program will focus on the needs of this population.
In-fill Housinl! Development Prol!ram
This program was designed to create high quality housing on unimproved (vacant) infill sites,
located within established neighborhoods throughout the City of San Bernardino. The
Department will be working with local developers and lending institutions interested in a joint
venture to create high quality housing opportunities for first-time homebuyers. The program
will be developed in such a way to ensure that these homes serve to significantly
improve/enhance the surrounding residential community, while also offering homeownership
opportunities.
Department funds will be utilized to directly offset building permits and loan fee costs, in
order for the homes to remain truly "affordable" to the low income households eligible to
purchase them. In addition, the Department loan guarantee ensures that acquisition and
construction finaneing is immediately available to the selected developer. Once eonstructed,
the local lender would then provide takeout financing to eligible first-time homebuyers,
thereby making acquisition and construction monies available for another infill site.
Tax-Exemot Bond Financing. This program finances mortgages in the construction of multifamily
housing units. At least twenty percent (20%) of these rental units must be made available to families
at eighty percent (80%) of area median income or below. Of the more than 1,500 units which are
under construction or nearing completion at the outset ofFY 1993, nearly 300 units are dedicated
to households at or below eighty pereent (80%) of area median income, a total of 19.5% of all units
assisted with tax-exempt bond financing. These various multifamily housing projects are located in
throughout the City. '
Density Bonuses. State law requires jurisdietions to grant density bonuses to developers who agree
to dedicate a certain percentage of homes, condominiums and apartments to elderly, low or
moderate-income purchasers or tenants. The required density bonus is a 25% increase over the
otherwise maximum allowable residential density under the applicable zoning ordinance and land use
element of the City's general plan.
Development of Second Units on Single Family Lots. The special needs of many handicapped,
disabled and elderly households result from their limited incomes, mobility restrictions, and self-care
114
abilities. As of 1990, 13% of San Bernardino's population aged 16-64 was disabled and 42% of those
aged 65 or older were disabled. The housing needs of this group can be partially answered through
the provision of smaller units, such as second units on lots with existing homes.
State law permits jurisdictions to allow secondary units in single family zones in order to faeilitate the
creation of units without additional land costs. San Bernardino allows one seeond unit per lot in all
Tesidential zones provided there is an existing owner-occupied single family unit on the property and
the parcel conforms to all standards for the zone in whieh it is located. A development permit is
required prior to approval ofa second unit. The floor area of the seeond unit eannot exceed 30% of
the primary unit if attached to the primary unit or 1,200 square feet if detached. The central, older
parts of San Bernardino which were developed before the development boom of the 1980s favored
larger lots than those currently allowed in the housing tracts of the outlying areas. Many of these
older lots could comfortably support a second single family dwelling. The City is currently relying
on the interest and financial resources of property owners to participate in this program.
Creation and Conversion ofHousimz to Handicapped-Accessibility. Housing opportunities for the
18,546 disabled persons identified by the 1990 Census can be maximized through housing
rehabilitation programs as well as through providing design features sueh as widened doorways,
ramps, lowered counter tops, single-level units, and ground floor units in new developments.
The State has recently adopted legislation which requires multi-family and certain types of
condominium developments to provide at minimum:
one handieapped-aeeessible unit for every 20 units, and
two handicapped-accessible unit for eyery 100 units.
The City will enforce this state policy and encourages housing which is provided for handicapped and
elderly people to be located in close proximity to public transportation and services.
The Development Department will encourage the development of residential units which are
aecessible to handicapped persons or are adaptable for conversion to residential use by handicapped
persons. Redevelopment funds may be used for housing rehabilitation of existing units and private
developers will be responsible for including all handicapped-accessibility features in new projects
approyed by City planners.
/
115
iii. Objectives
PRIORITY #5: Expansion of Affordable Housing Opportunities for
Low Income Larl1e Families Primarilv throul!h New Construction
The five-year targets are:
~ Second dwellings on single family lots.
250 New affordable single family detached units.
120 Handicapped-accessible apartments (conversion).
-2Q.. Infill housing units.
The one-year targets are:
-2... Second dwellings on single family lots.
-2Q.. New affordable single family detached units.
--11.. Handicapped-accessible apartments (conversion).
--1Q.. Infill housing units.
t;;i'liilliillli'lil;iiH?:g.J',.,
iielIiIoMEEESSNEsss!i1tAmG'Ylil1
':: :::::~ ::;:::::,:,:::,:::::,:,',. ::::;::::,,:; :::::':,:::: ,:
:::::::::::;::::::~g:~:~~:~~ .......w. ..::::~:~~~:,:;: ..;.:
"'.:.:...'.:';" :.:.;.:.:.,;.:.:.;.:. .w.....
'HAl
J
The City completed the HUD Priority Homeless Needs Table and assigned all categories a medium
priority,
116
The City prepared a strategic plan that both properly addresses the problem of homelessness and
remains mindful of politieal, budgetary, and other constraints. We intend to build upon and
coordinate our efforts with poliey initiatives newly set forth at the Federal level under President
Clinton's leadership. Our aim is to achieve the goal of "a decent home and a suitable living
environment" for every American, the goal of the 1949 Federal Housing Act and the heart of the
Ameriean dream.
This strategy recognizes that if we are truly to eradicate homelessness, we must address the causes
ofhomelessness for both broad and sometimes overlapping groups of homeless people as discussed
earlier in this Plan: those in crisis poverty and those suffering from chronie disabilities.
The reeommendations offer a two-pronged strategy: 1) take emergeney measures to bring those who
are currently homeless back into our communities, work force, and families; and 2) address the
struetural needs to provide the necessary housing and social infrastructure for the very poor in our
society to prevent the occurrence of homeless ness,
While the resources, services, and needs vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, all systems must be
based on the same premise. To be effective, a homeless system must provide three distinct
components of organization. First, there must be an emergency shelter assessment effort that
provides an immediate alternative to the street and can identity an individual's or family's needs. The
second component offers transitional or rehabilitative services for those who need them. Sueh
services include substance abuse treatment, short-term mental health services, and independent living
skills. Appropriate case management should be accessed to ensure that persons receive necessary
services, for example, that ehildren attend school regularly, The third and Final component, and the
one essential component for every homeless individual and family, is permanent housing or
supportive housing arrangements,
While not all homeless individuals and families in a eommunity will need to aeeess all three
components all three components are coordinated within a community. This approach is referred
to "continuwn of care," A homelessness prevention strategy is also key to the success of the
continuwn of care.
As recommended by the federal government, this comprehensive approaeh to homelessness should
be instituted and eoordinated by loealities. They are best suited to assess community needs and
coordinate funding so that each stage of the continuwn of care (emergency, transitional, or
permanent, with supportive services as required) can be linked with other points along the
continuwn, Unlike non-profit providers, the loeality ean view the entire system in the jurisdietion
to ensure that transitions from each stage can be smooth. Unlike the Federal government, the locality
is intimately familiar with the needs of its neighborhoods. In non-metropolitan areas, due to the
unique configuration of resources and service delivery as well as the nature of homelessness itself,
it is expected that state and county governments will be primarily responsible for the development
of the continuwn of care. The strategy designed on the local level should provide the basis for
Federal participation,
Under this system, non~profits would be able to devote time to what they do best: providing and
117
delivering serviees. The experienee of the past decade has shown that non-profits are generally more
effective than local government at quickly and effieiently siting, constructing, and operating housing
and supportive facilities for homeless people. With the government providing resources, non-profits
could provide the services.
The City will foeus its efforts on working with local non-profits and other public agencies to
develop integrated systems of support services and housing. The City will accomplish this by
developing ineentives, requirements, and ways to assist them to address effectively the needs of
mentally ill persons who are homeless are at risk for becoming homeless.
The City's continuum-of-care plan will require the coordination of programs for receipt of
McKinney and other HUD funds. The City's plan and programs attempt to must be coordinate and
address treatment, support services, and housing for persons with mental illness, especially those
who are homeless and those who suffer from both mental illness and substance abuse disorders. The
City will also explore various alternative ways to help focus county mental health efforts on the
most needy including technical assistance, etc.
In this effort to develop more integrated systems of housing and services, the City will:
o
work with local governmental health, mental health, and housing agencies to coordinate local
and Federal assistance and to undertake actions to enhance cornmunity support through the
development of a continuum of care that integrates housing and services. In doing so, the
City will be do the following:
Effectively target mental health and housing resources to the most needy, such as
homeless persons with mental illnesses or dual diagnoses.
Work closely with other key providers of services, including substance abuse
treatment providers and providers in V A's mental health-care system.
Utilize the experience of the local communities that have developed integrated
systems and of some Federal programs, including HHS demonstration programs and
VA's Health Care for Homeless Veterans (HCHV) program,
Link mental health and substance abuse treatment activities.
.'
Collaborate with local public and private housing providers and developers to
establish joint initiatives and to encourage the development of affordable Single
Room Occupancy housing, in particular,
Consider the unique and serve needs of homeless children with developmental
disabilities and serious emotional disturbances,
o
Will development a method by which to must review and strengthen discharge and aftercare
planning strategies to ensure appropriate linkages with housing and community-based care
lIS
in order to ensure that supports necessary to avoid subsequent homelessness are in place.
o
Will develop new partnership with other publie and private agencies and organizations.
D. OTHER SPECIAL NEEDS
I
HUD Guidelines stipulate that the Consolidated Plan include a description of speeial housing needs
that exist in the community, such as those of the handicapped, elderly, large families, and single
parent households. The following discussion presents the housing needs of these groups in San
Bernardino.
1. Elderly/Frail Elderly
1bis age group has many speeial needs. Many senior citizens have fixed incomes and experience
fmancial difficulty in coping with rising housing costs.
Supportive services that are desirable to this population include:
Cl Affordable housing for very low income senior citizens
Cl Housing which is:
Wheelchair accessible
Mixed with non-senior housing
Energy efficient
Equipped with elevators, door handles for arthritic hands, emergency pull
cords, rails in bathrooms, walk-in tubs with no-slip coating, limited stairs
(short and low), colors to heighten vision,
Cl Serviees to help elderly age-in-place include:
Congregate meals, serviee providers for in-home needs, nutrition,
housekeeping, transportation, medical services provided on site, and
counseling for age-related problems.
2. Persons with Mental Disabilities
The following supportive housing are desirable for this population:
Cl Apartment complex to allow people to transition to independent living
Cl Group home facilities to teach independent living
Cl Support services such as case management, nutrition, budgeting and basic
housekeeping
Cl Housing in safe areas close to public transportation and stores
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Cl Community rooms for social aetivities
Cl Affordable permanent housing to very low income persons
3, Persons with Physical/Developmental Disabilities
The following supportive housing are desirable for this population:
Housing which is:
Cl Affordable to very low and low income disabled persons
, Cl Wheelehair aecessible
Cl Equipped with roll-in showers, grip bars, ceiling fans with extended cords,
low sinks and light switches, automatie door openers,
Cl Close to public transportation and stores,
4. Persons with Alcohol or Other Drug Addictions
Persons with alcohol and other drug addietions often, because of the behavioral reinforeement their
condition requires, need supportive transitional housing after their initial rehabilitation in order to
"practice" their rehabilitated lifestyle. Many require job referral services and educational guidanee.
5. Persons with AIDSIHIV+ and Other Related Diseases
Persons who are HIV positive are a serious "at risk" population in the Los Angles metropolitan area.
As with the homeless population, however, this population is largely invisible to any sort of
population census. People who are in this population group become "visible" at the point when they
are in most acute need of housing and supportive services,
Suitability of Existing Units for Special Needs Populations
As special needs populations become a greater focus for cities around the nation, the ability to
track their needs and develop targeted programs for that population's improvement increases,
E. NON-HOUSING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIC PLAN. ',I
STATEMENT OF NON-HOUSING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
The City of San Bernardino is committed to expanding economic opportunities for its residents, The
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SAN BERNARDINO'S ECONOMIC PRIORITIES
This background leads to the conclusions that San Bernardino should give priority to economic
strategies that eneourage the diversity, prosperity and expansion of those basic activities with growth
potential. With political effort, staff time, and-the Redevelopment Agency's (RDA) resources scarce,
any other set of priorities flies in the faee of fundamental economie reality.
These theoretical discussions become more graphic when past decisions are classified as basic or
secondary:
1. Subsidies to firms and activities such as AHSL, Santa Fe Railroad, Rout 66
Rendezvous, Restaurant Row, Cobra Industries, or the regional malls expand the
economic base.
2, Subsidies to housing projects which hold the employees of basic or secondary
industries in the city ensure that an expansion of the economie base has its full local
impact.
3, Subsidies to general city services or retail operations such as the 40th Street shopping
center, the South "E" Street retail complex or Jersey's largely do not expand the
economic base.
4, Subsidies to housing projects which favor rental units populated by aid recipients or
retirees at the expense of workers have an essentially negative impact on the eeonomic
base.
Deeisions to undertake the latter two groups of activities may be justified on other grounds.
However, as they do not expand the economic base, they should not dominate the scarce time of
policy makers, staff members of the RDA's limited financing capability. The opposite often oecurs
as proponents of essentially secondary tier activities are nearly always local people,
EXPANDING SAN BERNARDINO'S ECONOMIC BASE
A review of the six aetivities which form San Bernardino's eeonomie base (see section #B) reveals
three upon which most of the eity's eeonomie development energy should be focused. Working from
the weakest to the strongest: "
1. Retirees
2. Aid Recipients
As an older urban city, one of San Bernardino's growing problems is the increasing importance which
retirees and govenunental aid recipients play in its economic base, This can be inferred from 1990
Census data which showed that 30% of city households earned below $15,000, It can also be seen
in the growing number of detached homes which have been converted to low ineome rentals.
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While these two groups have become a major source of outside funds for San Bernardino, neither will
provide it with a strong base for economic expansion.
1, Local retirees, unlike those in places like Hemet or Palm Springs, tend to have lower
ineomes that do not grow as fast as inflation.
2. Aid recipients, if anything, will see their incomes fall in the current political climate.
In fact, the growing importance of these activities to San Bernardino's economic base is a sure sign
of weakening eeonomy and long term problems in the city's secondary tier of firms and ageneies.
3. Non-Local Government
The closure of Norton Air Force Base was a major blow to San Bernardino because its payroll and
purchases represented a major share of the funds flowing to the city from the outside world. The loss
of federal bankruptcy courts to the City of Riverside will represent a smaller such problem in the
future.
On the positive side, the opening side of the Defense Finance and Accounting Center in San
Bernardino will add to the city's economic base, So also will any increase in new state payrolls from
the State Building complex being constructed downtown, and any increases in Cal State University
SB's budget.
Unfortunately, over the next decade, budgetary problems at the state and federal level will prevent
non-local government from becoming a major force in expanding the flow of dollars into San
Bernardino's eeonomic base.
4. Commuters and Other Resident Workers
While it is disruptive to families, a major source of outside dollars to the Inland Empire economy has
been its commuter work force. According to the 1990 Census, 238,600 out of 1,000, 000 area
workers drove to Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego Counties and brought baek pay eheeks.
In San Bernardino, commuters, even those driving to nearby cities, have not provided a major impetus
for growth in the eity's economic base. The problem has been one of housing, Developers have built
very few new homes in the city during recent years. And, for a variety of reasons, the city's existing
detached housing stock has increasingly been eonverted to rentals, As a result, potential buyers have
not located in the city,
This is unfortunate, In an era in which families are desperate for affordable housing, the city's low
priced homes should have been a lure for continuous flow of young workers, including commuters,
After all, San Bernardino has the lowest priced housing in Southern California. From Jan - 94 to Sep
_ 94 for instance, the average existing city home sold for $99,258 (including all of 92346), This was
22% below the San Bernardino County average of$128,007, and 58% below the Los Angeles County
average of$233,381.
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Sinee 1990, San Bernardino's low priced housing has lured people to the city, giving it the Inland
Empire's highest population growth (20,236). However, it was low income tenants who dominated
this growth, not workers, since much of the affordable housing was bought by landlords. As a result,
a potential community asset has become a liability, taxing social services increasing the crime rate.
Worse, to the extent that landlords are not local residents, their profits have been a drain on the city's
economic base,
Looking forward, the vast potential for the affordable housing stock to lure young workers and
commuters to the San Bernardino still remains. What is needed is a comprehensive strategy designed
to encourage landlords to sell and owner oeeupants to buy in the eommunity.
5. Firm Which Produce and Export Products
6, Firms Which Export Services
San Bernardino's best chance for expanding its economic base lies with high paying firms which
either produce goods locally for sale outside the city, or supply services to clients outside of it. This
is particularly the case where their employees reside in the city.
The potential is revealed by recent Inland Empire trends in the non-defense manufacturing and
"export" service sectors. Since 1990, 24,500 jobs (+ 11.4%) were created in these sectors. Another
10,7000 will be added in 1995, and growth should aceelerate from there, Existing firms and
companies migrating to the region are both contributing to these trends.
THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY
Given this analysis, and recognizing that San Bernardino like other cities has finite resourees, the
city's economic strategy must contain several elements:
1, It must concentrate on basic not seeondary activities, as these provide the funds which
allow the balance of the economy to grow and survive,
2. Of the basie activities, it should stress those with the maximum likelihood of fostering
economie growth,
3, It must include housing programs that encourage workers to live and spend in the
community, as the significance its economic base is diminished if they do not.
4, As economic expansion requires 'access to modem transportation and communications
infrastructure, it must cultivate investments in each,
5, It should aim at convincing existing "export" firms to remain in the city as they are
a primary source of employment growth and best advocates for other firms to join
them, .
6. It should aim at using the existing competitive advantages of the city to lure new
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"export" firms into its base.
7, Those retailers who receive the preponderance of their revenue from outside of the
city should be treated as part of the economic base and encouraged in the same
manner as "export" goods or service firms.
8. It should seek to overcome the obstacles to eommunity decision making that have
inhibited the city's efficiency and economic growth.
A set of strategies addressing eaeh of these elements is outlined below. In each case, a goal is
established and justified and specific poliey recommendations are made.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Firms located in San Bernardino must have access to a well advanced infrastructure system. Much
of this is currently in place. Part of it is under development.
1. The 1-215, 1-10, Rout 30, Rout 330 loop provides firms with ready access to freeways
linking them to markets in Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego markets, plus Mexico
and the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.
2, In a very real sense, San Bernardino is the water capital of Southern California,
Unfortunately, the city's vast water supply is hidden underground and is only well
known to people immediately concerned with it.
Action #9. - San Bernardino should designate itself the Water Capital of Southern California. 1bis
slogan should appear on all marketing materials. To highlight, the city should
undertake a long term program of bringing its water above ground in fountains in key
spots allover the community.
Imagine the impact if every visitor to San Bernardino saw huge fountains everywhere: In dead space
in front of Carousel Mall, as Inland Center Mall, along Hospitality Lane, in front of every major
hotel, in every shopping center, in every park, at all the entry ways into the city,
3, San Bernardino's unique geothermal resource has niehe market applications.
Unfortunately, there is some question as to the'extent of the field. Those questions
must be answered,
Aetion #10. - It should be a priority for San Bernardino to acquire funding and conduct a study on
the extent of its geothermal resource, If it is as extensive as many believe, it should
become the center of a major niche marketing campaign,
The experience of AHSL, shows the commercial viability of the city's geothermal resource. Not only
is it warm, allowing commercial laundries to avoid the cost of heating and associated air quality
regulations, it is also soft, avoiding the costs of adding and later removing softeners, If the resouree
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proves out, one wonders whether commercial laundries should be located anywhere else in Southern
California.
4. Fiber opties are the key to modem telecommunieations. Recently, GTE announced
its intention of expanding its fiber optic network in the city. The more extensive these
investments, the more viable the city becomes as a location for sophisticated high
value added service companies.
Action #11. - San Bernardino should work closely with GTE and other telecommunications firms
to encourage them to expand their investments in the city. RDA should continue its
,efforts to link itself to the Internet. The city should join efforts designed to provide
high speed video data links between all of the county's governmental agencies.
5. Intermodal transportation has beeome the key to goods distribution in the United
States, San Bernardino is fortunate that Santa Fe Railroad has decided to expand its
intermodal capability in the city. It gives the town an advantage over other
jurisdietions competing for goods production and distribution firms.
Action #12.- San Bernardino should do whatever it ean to assist Santa Fe Railroad in gaining the
approvals necessary to expand it intermodal operation.
Santa Fe Railroad has made the expansion of its intermodal yards in San Bernardino one of the top
priorities in its rail system. Owing to the level of ground congestion in Los Angeles County, this
expansion will tremendously increase the quantity of cargo flowing to the city. Being a hub of this
type can only serve to increase the nwnber of jobs associated with transportation, manufacturing and
trucking industry that are located in the city.
6. In many respects, the future of goods production, storage and movement at and near
the San Bernardino International Airport is the future of San Bernardino's economy.
Outstanding progress has been made in achieving regional cooperation at the site and
beginning the process oflinking it to the rest of the region's transportation system,
No aetion items are reeommended in this arena as it is already the top priority for the region; one that
now appears to be developing in a coherent fashion,
SPECIFIC NON-HOUSING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
In order to provide for the development ofspecifie non-housing activities in support of the goals and
objectives described above, the following specific needs may be met through the CDBG program,
1. The eontinuation of the City's ongoing efforts to design and construct streets and sidewalks
needed to improve the living environments and prevent the deterioration of the transportation
infrastructure in low/moderate neighborhoods.
2. The provision of community-based police protection in low- and moderate-ineome
neighborhoods,
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3. The provision of finaneial assistance to private non-profit organizations whose purpose is to
provide serviees (i.e. day care) to low- and moderate-income and disadvantaged individuals.
4. Elimination of the blighting influence of graffiti from low/moderate- income neighborhoods.
5. The provision of park improvements in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.
6, The provision of incentives for the rehabilitation of historic properties and the elimination of
structural deficiencies is needed to prevent and eliminate blight, blighting influences, and
conditions detrimental to public health and safety,
7. The rehabilitation of several facilities to comply with the American Disabilities Act.
8. The continuation of the City's ongoing efforts to design and construct storm drains needed to
improve the living environment and prevent flooding in low/moderate neighborhoods.
9. Provisions ofloans through the Section 108 Loan Program to encourage the construction of
commercial and industrial centers to continue job creation for the economic empowerment
of low-moderate-income.
..
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I
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SUMMARY.()F~ELIGIBLE.HOUSING ,AND .NON-HOUSING ACTIVITIES FOR
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT FUNDING ..,
Acquisition of Real Property
Removal of Architectural Barriers
Disposition Costs
Housing Rehabilitation
Public Facilities & Improvements
New Housing Construction
Privately-Owned Utilities
Code Enforcement
Clearance Costs
Historic Preservation
Public Services
Commercial or Industrial Rehabilitation
Interim Assistance
Special Economic Development
Relocation of Displaced Residents
Special Activities by Subrecipients
Loss of Rental Income
Planning & Capacity Building
Program Administrative Costs
Other Activities
Examples of projects that may be funded are:
1. Acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, or installation of certain publicly owned facilities such as:
Parks, playgrounds and recreationalfacilities
Senior Centers
Centers for the handicapped
Neighborhood facilities
Fire protection facilities and equipment
Parkingfacilities
Street improvements
Flood, drainage. or sewer facilities
Public and private utilities
2. Acquisition of property that is: of historic value; appropriate for beautification or conservation of open
spaces; appropriate for low or moderate income housing.
3. Clearance and demolition of buildings and land which may be a health hazard to the eommunity.
Interim assistance or temporary help to alleviate hannful or dangerous conditions,
4. Removal of architeetural barriers which restrict the mobility of handicapped persons.
5. Rehabilitation and preservation of buildings and improvements, both publicly and privately owned.
Authorizes the County's acquisition and rehabilitation financing of private properties, as well as code
enforcement and historic preservation activities. /
6. Economie development activities,
7. Planning and environmental design costs,
8. Housing development/rehabilitation activities,
9. Public service activities, including but not limited to:
Child care Health care
Publie safety services Fair housing activities
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Job training
Services for senior citizens
Recreation programs
Services for homeless persons
Education programs
Drug abuse counseling and treatment
10. The provision of assistance to private, for-profit entities to carry out appropriate economic development
projects. .
a. The project shall minimize to the extent practicable, displacement of existing businesses and jobs
in neighborhoods.
b. The project must create or retain jobs for low and moderate income persons; prevent or eliminate
slums and blight; meet urgent needs; create or retain businesses owned by community residents;
assist businesses that provide goods or services needed by, and affordable to, low and moderate
income residents; or provide technical assistance to promote any of these activities.
e, An analysis to determine the "appropriateness" of a project must be made as described under this
portion of the regulations.
F. ,OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO AFFORDABLE HOUSING
In order to remove or improve any negative effects that may result from public policies discussed
in the preceding section, the City of San Bernardino intends to pursue the following course of
action during the next five years:
1. Maintain a dialogue with developers, and the citizenry involved in housing projects
to assist the City in making the best planning, infrastructure and development
decisions .
2, Continue to work towards increasing public awareness and acceptance of the need
for affordable housing throughout the City,
..
G. LEAD-BASED PAINT REDUCTION STRATEGY
.' I
The overall goal of the five year strategy is to reduce or eliminate lead-based paint hazards and
prevent childhood lead poisoning. A long-term strategy to reduce lead-based paint poisoning
should include the development and integration of comprehensive health, environmental and
housing programs that can effectively address lead hazards, Actual programmatic, coordinated
efforts regarding testing of children for lead or lead-based paint abatement rests primarily with City
health and housing and community development programs and staff. This data, along with the
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estimates detennined through the CHAS development process, has driven the objectives within the
five year lead-based paint abatement strategy. These strategy contains five parts:
1. Coordinating public and private efforts to reduce lead-based paint hazards and protect
young children. Establish an interagency work group and develop a public-private task
force to coordinate and provide direction for prevention activities.
2. Integrate Lead Hazard Evaluation 'and Reduction Activities into Existing Housing
Programs. Integrate lead hazard evaluation and reduction activities into existing housing
programs. Integrate activities to identify and reduce lead hazards with all government-
assisted rehabilitation activities.
3, Develop Technical Capacity to Address Lead-Based Paint Hazards. Develop a core
of enviromnental specialists who can ensure that the technical aspects of assessment and
lead hazard reduction are managed appropriately.
4, Promote Comprehensive Public Health Programs, Support the development of
programs with capability for screening, follow-up of children identified as lead
poisoned, public education and prevention,
5. Education and Advocacy. Work with appropriate agencies to seek lead-based paint
hazards reductions to protect the public. Clearly communicate the extent of the lead
problem and the measures to be taken to reduce risk and protect health. Also, advocate
for increased federal, state and local funding, as appropriate, to fmance lead hazard
abatement and reduction activities.
H. ANTI-POVERTY STRATEGY.
I
" .~.. ,:..
The Anti-Poverty Strategy requires taking into aeeount faetors affeeting poverty over which the
jurisdiction has control. Poverty thresholds are revised annually to allow for changes in the cost
of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index. The average poverty threshold for a family of
four persons was $12,674 for 1989. Poverty thresholds are applied on a national basis and are not
adjusted for regional, state or local variations in the cost of living, For the purpose of this
discussion, the "poverty line" will be set at $12,674, '
In 1990 the City of San Bernardino had 7,613 families living below the poverty line or 20% of all
families in the City, Some of these families are currently assisted by County General Relief,
AFDC or through emergency assistance programs, There are a few structured programs, usually
administered at the county level, specifically targeting households in poverty and assisting these
households in improving their long-term financial and social positions, eventually bringing them
out of poverty,
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Assisting Impoverished Households to Achieve Economic Independence
Economic independence for targeted needs groups is accomplished through the Job Training
Partnership Act (JTPA), federal funds provided for job training of high-risk youth, unemployed
adults and other economically disadvantaged individuals. This program is administered by the
Housing Authority. All services are provided at no cost to the participants and are designed to
prepare participants for entry into permanent jobs,
Eligible participants include persons that meet income guidelines that are:
o Youths (14 to 21 years of age),
o Older persons (55 or older) who are experiencing substantial difficulty obtaining
employment.
o Persons with disabilities who are having difficulty obtaining employment.
o Displaced workers dislocated due to plant closure or mass layoffs (income limits
may not apply).
Services rendered include classroom training, on-the-job trammg, and youth employment
programs. Depending on the person's needs, supportive services may be available, such as
transportation allowances, child care allowances, emergency food assistance, or other special
services,
The City of San Bernardino has begun a pilot program to integrate job training with the City
rehabilitation programs. For each rehabilitation project, up to three persons are selected and
provided with construction training during the rehabilitation project. This program can provide
job training at up to seven sites at a time, therefore providing job training to as many as 21 people.
The City is investigating the expansion of this program to new construction projects.
Family Self-Sufficiency Program
The U.S, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has instituted a new program
called Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) , The goal of the FSS program is to identify and remove
economic barriers and make each household independent of the housing assistance programs. The
FSS program is administered by local Housing Authorities.
.
HUD has determined that Housing Authorities each must initially assist between 25 and 50
households under FSS. Through the FSS program, a network of employers, social service
agencies, and educational institutions is developed to provide each participating household with job
skills and social services to:
1). Increase the household's income;
2), Make the household self-sufficient; and
3). Eliminate the household's need for rental assistance,
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The participating household signs an agreement to work over a five-year period toward becoming
self-sufficient. In exchange for the household's commitment and work, the Housing Authority
evaluates the household's specific needs and determines factors that are detrimental to the family's
self-sufficiency,
The Housing Authority provides a sequence of services to increase the households income. These
services might include education, employment training, language training, interviewing skills
training, childcare services, and/or transportation services, depending on the households needs.
Appropriate social service providers and education institutions have been contacted regarding the
feasibility of their providing services to FSS program participants.
Tenant Counseling. The City of San Bernardino has recognized a need among multiple-family
rental households for tenant counseling and education on personal finance, budgeting, job training
and household maintenance. The City intends to develop a program to address this need in the next
five years,
Los Padrinos Community Coalition. This program has been developed to provide gang
suppression counseling and job training to at-risk youth. The program includes pro-active graffiti
removal and clean-up through a twenty-four hour hotline in order to address slum-blight.
Coordinating Goals with Other Programs and Services. The City is confidant that the current
services it provides through the JPT A and FSS are significant and well-integrated. Currently, there
are no plans to change the existing successful course,
Coordinating Services. The City of San Bernardino will continue to meet with public and other
assisted housing providers and private and governmental health, mental health, and service
agencies to use all available resources to their maximum levels of effectiveness to provide for
needy San Bernardino residents. Meetings between these parties will occur regularly throughout
the fiscal year to endorse applications for funding and to discuss cooperative ventures as they
present themselves,
I.
. ,
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I.: INSTITUTIONALSTRUCTURE~~;t~;:>;.:';>~;. :'"",;"
, ...1
.
The Housing Division will continue to aggressively attract housing development and through
extensive surveys and market analyses will ensure that all development will be completed in
harmony with the State Housing Element and CHAS goals. During FY 1994, specific actions will
be taken to achieve cooperation and coordination among state, local, and private agencies or
institutions in implementing activities.
The City coordinates the development and execution of a regional homeless assistance plan with
a Countywide Homeless Coalition and a Local Coordinating Group. Participation in the groups
includes non-profit service providers, County Board of Supervisors, County Department of Public
132
Social Services, County Department of Mental Health, County Department of Public Health,
Realtors, the AFL-CIO, Veterans, the Building Industry Association, Habitat for Humanity, local
colleges and job training groups. The participation of the City in this cooperative effort enables
and facilitates delivery of homeless services and resources through effective networking, In
addition, any development of homeless services outside the city limits serves to lessen the City's
homeless problems.
Intergovernmental cooperative efforts. The City is currently participating in the following
cooperative governmental efforts:
a), The Development Department is currently negotiating with the City of Riverside for the
lease of approximately 25 acres for the construction of a mobile home park,
b). The Development Department is also working with the various City departments and the
Inland Valley Development Agency in the revitalization of the Arden-Gutherie area, to
renovate and improve 736 units comprised of fourplexes,
c). The City proposes to actively facilitate enhanced communication with government
agencies, non-profit organizations, realtors, developers, and the lending community.
J. COORDINATION
There is not currently any providers of public housing or any public housing units in San
Bernardino. The City continues to work with owners of assisted housing that is "at risk" to
preserve those housing units. The City will continue to work with government health, mental
health and service agencies to identify needs in the City and coordinate resources to help meet the
community's needs.
The City coordinates the development and execution of a regional homeless assistance plan with
a Countywide Homeless Coalition and a Local Coordinating Group. Participation in the groups
includes non-profit service providers, County Board of Supervisors, County Department of Public
Social Services, County Department of Mental Health, County Department of Public Health,
Realtors, the AFL-CIO, Veterans, the Building Industry Association, Habitat for Humanity, local
colleges and job training groups. The participation of the City in this cooperative effort enables
and facilitates delivery of homeless services and resources 'through effective networking, In
addition, any development of homeless services outside the city limits serves to lessen the City's
homeless problems.
Intergovernmental cooperative efforts. The City is currently participating in the following
cooperative governmental efforts:
a), The Development Department is currently negotiating with the City of Riverside for the
lease of approximately 25 acres for the construction of a mobile home park,
133
b), The Development Department is also working with the various City departments and the
Inland Valley Development Agency in the revitalization of the Arden-Gutherie area, to
renovate and improve 736 units comprised of fourplexes.
c). The City proposes to actively facilitate enhanced communication with government
agencies, non-profit organizations, realtors, developers, and the lending community,
K. PUBLIC HOUSING RESIDENT INITIATIVES
As indicated in previous parts of the Plan, the City of San Bernardino does not own any public
housing, Therefore, it is not possible to assist residents in purchasing such housing.
Public Housing Improvements
The Housing Authority of San Bernardino owns and manages 1,808 units of public housing for
occupancy by very low-income families who pay no more than 30 percent of their monthly income
for rent, The agency's public housing program includes:
a). 1,111 units, on twelve sites in five cities, funded by HUD;
b). 564 units, single family and small clusters, (generally no more than 6 to 12 units) on
145 sites throughout the County of San Bernardino and funded by HUD; and
c). 34 units in Mentone, funded through the State Rental Housing Construction Program,
Other rental housing units owned and managed by the Housing Authority include 51 units of
Senior Citizen housing funded by the Rental Housing Construction Program; and 48 units of
senior citizen housing in Montclair utilizing County of San Bernardino and Housing
Authority funds.
There are currently over 3,000 households on the waiting list for the Publie Housing
Program, This does not necessarily identify the need, as many interested and eligible
families do not apply because of the two-to-three year waiting period, Approximately 45
participants drop out of the program each month, or 540 each year, The Housing Authority
received a new allocation to acquire 88 additional publif housing units in 1992.
The Housing Authority of San Bernardino is currently constructing a 51 unit public senior
housing complex. These units will be completed in Spring 1993,
Initiatives
Management. The County Housing Authority has an organized Resident Advisory Group for each
public housing site, These groups have received a $40,000 grant from HUD to support their
134
involvement. In addition, they are in the process of becoming incorporated as private non-profit
organizations. In regards to the management of their housing units, these groups have become
active in the administration of the on-site community centers, locating and scheduling programs.
These groups are also developing their capacity so that in the next few years they can become more
active in other aspects of the management of their housing.
Homeownership. The City, in cooperation with the County Housing Authority, has included in
its resource statement that it will support the Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino's
efforts in applying and receiving HOPE 1 and 2 funds for planning and administration. This will
include residents training in skilled labor, property management, fmancial management and the
creation of resident non-profit organizations. When these supportive programs are in place,
residents will undertake structured curriculums on training in home care and maintenance, personal
financial planning and debt management and receive certificates for successful completion of
classes, After graduation, tenant will be assisted with job placement, The Housing Authority of
the San Bernardino County's effort in residents initiatives is in a conceptual stage. In FY 1993,
emphasis is anticipated to be placed on the planning and implementation of the Public Housing
Resident's initiatives program.
Activity Funding Planned Households to be
Undertaken Source Funding Assisted
Emergency Shelter Grant Program ESG $ 40,000 3,000 1
RentlDeposit Guarantee Program RDA Set-Aside $ 100,000 133
Transitional Housing Labor In-kind
Mentor Program RDA Set-Aside contribution 30
Frazee Community Center HOME $350,000 8
Battered Women' s Shelter CDBG $ 150,000 400
Senior Assistance Programs-Mobile RDA Set-Aside .$ 100,000 160
Home Rent Subsidy
Mobile Home Inspection Program RDA Set-Aside $ 100,000 100
Utility Assistance Program RDA Set-Aside $ 12,000 2 shelters
Childcare Facilities CMO $ 98,000
Source: City of San Bernardino Development Depanment staff estimates.
t This number is duplicated since a household may spend more than one night in a shelter.
135
Geographic Distribution.
The Housing Division will concentrate most of its rehabilitation programs and activities within the
City's identified "focus neighborhoods", However, activity outside of these "focus" areas (in the
ten (10) designated redevelopment areas, among others) is strongly encouraged and eli~ible
program applicants will receive full City support,
The identified "focus" neighborhoods are currently located within the northeast and West Side
areas of the City. These areas were selected for concentrated effort primarily due to slum and
blight. The Arden-Gutherie neighborhood, made up of 736 units/184 fourplexes, is experiencing
a 75 percent vacancy rate and has no overall project management. A high percentage of units are
managed by absentee landlords, The surrounding infrastructure, from the sidewalks to the sewer
lines, has experienced a high level of deferred maintenance similar to the level visible in the units
themselves, There is a severe level of gang activity and drug traffic in this focus neighborhood,
The City is currently working with the Resolution Trust Corporation to purchase and rehabilitate
at least 24 units with affordable housing funds for subsequent management by a local non-profit
organization.
The West Side is likewise a concentrated area of slum and blight (State Street "focus"
neighborhood), with an older housing stock and transitional character to the neighborhood, The
lack of curbs, gutters, and sidewalks will be addressed for repair with CDBG funds, The City
believes that with aggressive rehabilitation and a comprehensive neighborhood improvement effort,
these two "focus" areas can be fully revitalized and stabilized.
Service Delivery and Management.
The current five year strategy incorporates all funding sources: federal, state, local, tax increment
and private developer financing. These funds create single and multiple family housing, as well
as senior housing and other identified special needs construction, The types of housing which will
receive the greatest level of City advocacy will be housing for the elderly, handicapped, special
needs populations and low and moderate income families, The Housing Division staff will focus
on all of these new construction, rehabilitation and special needs housing issues,
Numerous projects require the need to involve private developers, as well as non-profit developers,
in order to enhance affordable housing in the City. Only the Development Department through
its special governmental structure can adequately utilize all sources of funding and work with
private developers, as well as non-profit developers, to help realize its housing goals. The Agency
is able to establish and implement agreements with developers and provide gap fmancing,
136
construction financing, and second deeds of trust for first time homebuyers programs. This is
coupled with the implementation of rehabilitation programs, rent subsidies for mobile home parks,
inf1ll housing, and manufactured housing projects which provide affordable housing in the City.
The Development Department, which is in charge of housing production in the City, will continue
to coordinate housing projects with various institutions which affect its five-year strategy. Areas
such as special needs programs and services will be coordinated with affordable housing projects
to ensure that all resources are utilized in meeting the department's affordable housing production
goals.
..
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CONSOLuJATED PLAN TOWN MEETING SlJ,,1MARY
FEBRUARY 13, 1995
LOCATION: FELDHEYM LmRARY-MARY BELLE KELLY ROOM
AlTENDANCE
L Shirili Smith 371 W 29th S1.
2. Diane Von Hansburg 477 14th S1.
3. Joani Gibson 371 W 29th S1.
4. Captain Hal Hads P.O. Box 991
5. James Wirth 1980 N, Sierra Way
6. Steve & Linda Sutherland 426 W. Baseline
7. Terry Otsuki 1931 NE. S1.
8. Lilly Terrete 686 E. Mill S1.
9. Patsy McDaniel 1480 Terracita Dr.
10. Harold Boring 777 F S1.
11. Wes McDaniel 1480 T erracita Dr.
12. Mike Blatnick 241 E. Ninth S1.
L SUMMARY OF THE NON-HOUSING NEEDS
A. PUBLIC FACll.lTY NEEDS
1. Move to inerease the number of youth centers.
2. Create more after-sehool youth centers.
3. Provide child care eenters that target low and moderate income households.
4. Enhance centers for the disabled in the community,
5.
Increase the accessibility for handicapped persons.
,
6. Improve the security at Park and Recreation facilities to reduce crime.
7, Improve security by implementing parking restrictions at parks.
8. Encourage small neighborhood parks versus the large neighborhood parks. Small
neighborhood parks increase the sense of community and ownership,
9. We need to improve on the security for the parks,
. ( 10.
)
11.
12.
13.
14.
B.
1.
,
The Loma Linda MeUleal Center has a social action clinie, the uevelopment of these types
offacilities should be encouraged.
Bus serviee needs to be provided 7 days a week.
Need to provide more Bus shelters throughout the community.
Create more substance abuse centers to' address the growing need.
Develop more mental health facilities,
INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS
Improve the flooding problem on Baseline, "E" Street & Baseline, Sierra Way, Waterman
& Baseline, "G" Street & Baseline, Highland & "E", 42nd St. between Mt. View &
Mountain Dr., 48th & "H" St. and the Downtown area.
2. Improve the perception of the business district environment is by providing trees in the
main corridors and improving the lighting,
3. The street lighting in residential areas is not adequate and should be improved.
4. Improve street signage throughout the city.
5. Make improvements on the alley between Stoddard and "E" street.
6. We need to replace deteriorating sidewalks.
7. We need to improve the condition of the water system.
C. PUBLIC SERVICES
1. Provide an increased level of handicapped counseling services.
2. Provide more head injury counseling services.
3. Need to provide more transportation services for the handicapped.
4.
Increase owner based housing programs,
..
5. Provide ethies and family counseling programs.
6. Regional and local coordination of the chemical dependeney programs,
7. Create more battered women shelters,
8. Provide better counseling programs for the community,
t D.
J
1.
2.
E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
ACCESSmILITY !,~EDS
Create better infrastructure throughout the City which is accessible by the handicapped.
Increase accessibility for the handicapped at neighborhood facilities.
ECONOMITCDEVELOPMENTNEEDS
Programs are needed to help with the retention of small businesses.
Provide more miero loans programs for sinall businesses.
Provide more Commercial Rehabilitation.
Need to provide a comprehensive revitalization programs targeting commercial districts
(Baseline, Highland, 40th Street, etc.).
CONSOL..1)ATED PLAN TOWN MEETING Sl.,lt1MARY
FEBRUARY 8, 1995
LOCATION: EDA BOARD ROOM
ATTENDANCE
1. Helen Kopeznnoki
2. Douglas M Fazekas
3. Richard Abraham
4. Gem Abraham
5. Christy Newey
6. Lesile Dagle
7. Davida E Schaefer
8, Nedra Wallaee
9. Janie Baker
10. Steve Baker
8150 Cable Canyon Road
995 West Marshall Blvd.
995 West Marshall Blvd.
300ND St.
2836 Crescent
1140 W Mill St.
1140 W Mill St.
1140 W Mill St.
L SUMMARY OF HOUSING NEEDS
A. General Comments
1. Encouage the development of emergency shelters for single men and women.
2. Develop Transitional Housing programs.
3. Develop Safe Haven drop in center for homeless and mentally ill.
4. Creation of Homeless shelters for the Senior Citizens,
5. The ereation of the SRO (single room oecupaney) center.
6. Development of a dual diagnose program for drug and alcohol abuse treatment.
7.
Tenant based rental assistance.
"
8. More housing rehabilitation throughout the City of San Bernardino.
9. Stronger code enforcement programs to control the abuses of absent landlords,
10. Provide case management services addressing living skills as a component of transitional
housing.
11. Provide drop in shower facilities for the homeless.
I
I
.
)
n.
SUMMARY OF Nv~-HOUSlNG NEEDS
A. Public Facilities
1. Provide more subsidized child care centers which provide both daytime and night time
services.
2. Develop a Senior Citizen center in the fifth ward.
3. There is a strong need to developed more youth centers.
B. Public Services
1. Provide more deaf services in the community.
2. Provide adequate transportation services for all segments of the population.
3. Provide services for babies that are suffering from fetal alcohol drug syndrome.
4. Develop an education center for adult learning.
5. The city needs a Family Literacy Program (including English as a second language).
6. Provide a mentor program for the youth in the community.
7. Develop an emergency food program.
8. Provide job training programs for handicapped people.
C. Economic Development
1. Developed more grocery stores throughout low income areas.
2. Provide planned facade improvements in commercial districts.
3. Neighborhood based tenant assistance should be provided to small businesses.
"
APPENDIX D GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A" GENERAL DEFINITIONS USED WITH THE CONSOLIDATED PLAN
Affordabilitv GaD: The extent to which gross housing costs, including utility costs, exceed 30 percent
of gross income."
Affordable Housinl!: Affordable housing is generally defined as housing where the occupant is paying no
more than 30 percent of gross income for gross housing costs, including utility costs.
AIDS and Related Diseases: The disease of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or any condition arising
from the etiologic agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome_ ":
Alcohol/Other Drul! Addictions: A serious and persistent alcohol or other drug addiction that
significantly Iimit~ a person's ability to live independently.
,"
Area of Ethnic/Racial Concentration: An 'area of ethnic/racial minority" means specific regions of the
community where minorities constitute 50% or more of the population within a census tract.
Area of Low-Income Concentration: An area of low-income concentration' is defined as census tracts
in the Gty where lower income households ~ess than 80"10 of median for the area) reside in concentrations
of 50% or greater.
Assisted Household or person: For the purpose of specifying one year goals for assisting households or
persons, a household or persons is assisted if, during the coming Federal fiscal year, they will benefit
through one or more programs included in the jurisdictions investment plan. A renter is benefitted if the
person takes occupancy of affordable housing that is newly acquired, newly, rehabilitated, or newly
constructed, and/or receives rental assistance. An existing homeowner is benefitted during the year if the
home's rehabilitation is completed. A first-time homebuyer is benefitted during the year if a home is
purchased during the year. A homeless person is benefitted during the year if the person becomes an
occupant of transitional or permanent housing. Households or persons who will benefit from one or more
program activity must be counted only once. To be included in the goals, the housing unit must, at a
minimum, satisfy the HUD Section 8 Housing Ouality Standards (see Section 88.109).
Certification: A written assertion, based on supporting evidence, that must be kept available for
inspection by HUD, by the Inspector General of HUD, and by the public. The assertion shall be deemed
to be accurate unless HUD detennines otherwise, after inspecting the evidence and providing due notice
and opportunity for comment.
"
Committed: Generally means there has been a legally binding commitment of funds to a specific project
to undertake specific activities.
I
~a,Nl1JAMJ~UlNrrl.ONS
I-I
Elderly Person: A person who is at least 6:2 years of age.
Elderly Househ~ld: On: o~ ~o per~on h~useholds containin~ a ~erson at least 6:2 years of age, and
non-elderly handicapped mdlVlduals, Includmg those currently InstItutionalized but who are capable of
"group home' living. ",
Emerl!ef1cv Shelter: Arry facility with overnight sleeping accommodations, the primary purpose of which
is to provide temporary sh.elter for the homeless in general or for specifi~ populations of the homeless.
Existinl! Homebwner: An owner-occupant of residential property who holds legal title to the property and
who uses the property as hisfher principal residence.
Extremely low income households (or families): Families whose income is between 0 and 30 percent of
the median income for the area, as determined by HUD with adjustments for smaller and larger families,
except that HUD may establish income Ceilings higher or lower than 30 percent of the median for the area
on the basis of HUD's findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of
construction costs or fair market rents, or unusually high or low family incomes,
Familv: A household comprised of one or more individuals. [The National Affordable Housing Act (NAHA)
definition required to be used in the CHAS rule - equivalent to Census definition of household] The Bureau
of Census defines the same household who are related by birth, marriage or adoption_ The tenn
"household' is used in combination with the tenn 'related' in the CHAS instructions, such as for Table :2,
when compatibility with the Census definition of family (for reports and data available from the Census
based upon that definition) is indicated. (See also 'Homeless Family"). .
Family Self-Sufficiencv (FSS) PrOl!ram: A program enacted by Section 554 of the National Affordable
.Housing Act which directs Public Housing Agencies (PHAs) and Indian Housing Authorities (I HAs) to use
Section 8 assistance under rental voucher programs, together with public and private resources to provide
supportive services, to enable participating families to achieve economic independence and self-sufficiency.
:Federal Preference for Admission: The preference given to otherwise eligible applicants under HUD's
rental assistance programs who, at the time they seek housing assistance, are involuntarily displaced, living
in substandard housing, or paying more than 50 percent of family income for rent. (See, for example
Section 88:2.:219.)
Rrst Time Homebuvers: An individual or family who has not owned a home during the three.year period
preceding the HUD-assisted purchase of a home that must be used as the principal residence of the
homebuyer.
FmHa: The Fanners H~me Administration, or programs it administers.
1:;~'COHf1.AN'DU1Nrir.ONS
1-3
'-
HOPE 3: The HOPE for !-l eownership of Single Family Homes Progr>'Tl, which is Title IV Subtitl C
f . A ' e
o the National Affordable housing ct. "
Household: One or more persons occupying a housing unit (U.S. Census definition). See also 'Family'.
Housim! Problems: Households with housing problems include those that: (I) occupy units meeting the
definition of Physical Defects; Pl meet the definition of overcrowded; and (3) meet the definition of cost
burden> 30%. Table I C requests nonduplicati'{e counts of households that meet one or more of these
criteria. .
Housinl! Unit: An occupied or vacant house, apartment, or a single room (SRO housing) that is intended
as separate living quarters7 (U.S. Census definitiori). ."
HUD: The united States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
-
Institutions/1nstitutional: Group quarters for persons under care of custody. (U.S. Census definition)
Jurisdiction: A state, unit of general local government, or a consortium.
lar!!e Family: A household of 5 or more persons which includes at least 2 related persons.
lead-based Daint hazards: Any condition that causes exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead.
contaminated soil, lead-contaminated paint that Is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction
surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects' as established by the
appropriate Federal agency. .
L1HTC: (Federal) Low Income Housing Tax Credit.
60
low Income Families: Families whose incomes do not exceed"sO percent of the median income for the
area, as determined by HUD with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that HUD may
establish income cellings higher or lower than 50 percent of the median for the area on the basis of HUD's
findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market
rents, or unusually high or low family incomes. Note: HUD income limits are updated annually and are
available from local HUD offices for the appropriate jurisdictions. (This definition is different than that for
"the CDBG Program.) (The CDBG Program has used the terms 'low income' and moderate income'
pes;ons, which terms are derived from its statute. Those terms have the same meaning as the terms 'very
low income' and 'low income' as used in NAHA and in the United State Housing Act of 1937 for the
assisted housing programs administered under it. To make the usage uniform under this part, the terms
"very low income' and 'low income' are used here.) ,"
Middle Income Familv: Family whose incomes a~e between SO and 95 percent of the median income for
the area, as determined by HUD, with adjustments for smaller or larger families, except that HUD may
establish income O!Ilings higher or lower than 95 percent of the median for the area on the basis of HUD's
findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market
rents, or unusually high or low family incomes. (This definition corresponds t.o the term 'moderate-income
family' under the CHAS statute, 42 U.S.c. 1:2705. In addition, this definition is different than that for
the CDBG Program.)
-
'-"
L~UCNrtLOI4
1-5
Overl1oused: Overhoused is defined as occurring when a dwelling unit has more than 1.0 I rooms for
each person residing therein (excluding bathrooms, halls, foyers, porches and half-rooms).
Owner; A household that owns the housing unit it occupies. (U.S. Census definition).
Owner Occuoied: A housing unit that is both~wned and occupied by the same person or family. This
definition includes households where the owner resides and shares the unit with non-owner occupants,
regardless of the financial arrangements between "the owner and the other occupants.
Person with a Disabilitv:"" A person who is determined to: (I) have a" physical, mental or emotional
impainnent that: (a) is expected to be of long~ontinued and indefinite duration; (b) substantially impeded
his or her ability to live independently; (c) is of such a nature that the ability could be improved by more
suitable housing conditions. A person shall also be considered to have a disability if he or she has a
developmental disability as defined in the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (42
U.S.c. 6001-6006). The tenn also includes the surviving member or members of any household in the
first sentence of this paragraph who were living in an assisted unit with the deceased member of the
household at the time of his or her death.
Phvsical Defects: A housing unit lacking complete kitchen, bathroom, or electricity (U.S. Census
definition). Jurisdictions may expand upon the Census definition.
Poverty Level: The minimum income level needed to sustain a family based on the cost of a mix of basic
goods as determined by the federal government. The average poverty threshold for a family of four
persons was S 12,674 for 1989.
povertY level Fa"mily: Family with an income below the poverty line. as defined by the Office of
Management and Budget and revised annually.
.
Primary Housine Activity: A means of providing or producing affordable housing - such as rental
assistance, production, rehabilitation or acquisition - that will be allocated significant resources and/or
pu_rsued intensively for addressing a particular housing need. (See also, 'secondary Housing Activity').
Proiect.Based (Rental) Assistance: Rental Assistance provided for a project. not for a specific tenant.
Tenants receiving project-based rental assistance give up the right to that assistance upon moving from
the project.
Public Housinl!: Housing units that were purchased or developed with public funds and are currently
owned and managed by a public housing authority.
Public Housine aAP: Public Housing Comprehensive Improvement Assistance Program.
Public Housine MROP: . Public Housing Major Reconstruction of Obsolete Projects.
.L~'CfJN1"L"lNlDU1Nrrt.t>>a
1-7
~
(."
.~-_._. _..
Service Needs: The particular services identified for special needs populations, which typically may incl~de
transportation, personal ~re, housekeeping, couns~lin~, ~eals: ca.se management, personal emergency
response, and other semces to prevent premature institutIOnalizatIon and assist individuals to continue
living independently.
Severe Cost Burden: The extent to which gross housing costs, including utility costs, exceed 50 percent
of gross income, based on data available from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Severe Mental Illness: Aserious and persistent mental or emotional impainnent that significantly limits
a person's abili~ to live independently. . . .""
Sheltered: Families and persons whose primary nighttime residence is a supervised publicly. or
privately-operated shelter including emergency shelters, transitional housing for the homeless, domestic
violence shelters,' residential shelters for runaway and homeless youth, and any hotel/motel/apartinent
voucher arrangement paid because the person is homeless. This term does not include persons living
doubled up or in overcrowded or substandard conventional housing. Any facility offering pennanent
housing is not a shelter, nor are its residents homeless. .
Small Related: A household of 2 to 4 persons which includes at least two related persons.
Standard Condition: 'Standard Condition' by iocal definition means units that are well maintained and
in good condition with no repairs needed.
State: Any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of P.uerto Rico.
Substandard Condition but not Suitable (or Rehab: By local definition, dwelling units that are such poor
condition as to be neither structurally nor financially feasible for rehabilitation "
Substandard Condition but Suitable for Rehab: By local definition, dwelling units that do not meet
standard conditions but are both financially and structurally feasible for rehabilitation. This does not
include units that require only cosmetic work, correction or minor livability problems or maintenance work.
-'
Substantial Amendment:" A major change in a housing strategy submitted between scheduled annual
submissions. It will usually involve a change to the five year strategy. which may be occasioned by a
decision to undertake activities or programs inconsistent with that strategy.
Substantial Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation of residential property at an average cost (or the project in
. excess of $25,000 per dwelling unit.
Supportive Housinl!: Housing with a supporting environment, such as group homes or Single Room
Occupancy (SRO) housin~ and other housing that includes a planned service component.
1:;~1CD1m.AJ(lDU1NTT1.ONS
1-9
~
(.
Vacant Housinl1 Unit: Unoccupied year-round housing units that are available or intended for occupancy "
at any. time during the year.
Very Low Income Families: Low income (amilies whose income does not exceed 50 percent of the median
area income (or the area, as determined by HUD, with adjustments for smaller and larger families except
that HUD may establish income ceilings higher or"lower than 50 percent of the median for the area on the
basis of HUD's findings are necessary for use prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market rents
or unusually high or low family incomes. "
Worst.Case Needs: Umissisted, very low-lncome renter households who pay more than half of their
income for rent, live in seriously substandard housing (which includes homeless people) or have been
involuntarily displaced.
Year R"ound Hoiisinl! Units: Occupied and vacant housing units intended for year round use. (US.
Census definition). Housing units for seasonal or migratory use are excluded.
Note: Terms not defined above may be defined in the specific instructions for each
table. If a term is not defined, the jurisdiction is to provide its own definition.
-'
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~
J::m:um.utD'CaNJ'UNlDUINm.ON:f
1-11
t .,.
~
CONTINUUM OF CARE
FEDERAL MANDATE
The Federal Mandate for streamlining and strengthening the Nation's efforts to break the existing
cycle of homelessness and for preventing future homelessness, was formally established by
President Bill Clinton's Executive Order in May 1993" This order led to the development of a
Federal Plan that seeks to raise consciousness regarding homelessness and recommended
immediate action to deal with the existing crisis and more far-reaching action to address the
underlying roots of the problem.
The Federal Plan has assessed that homelessness must be understood from two (2) inter-related
categories ofhomelessness" The first is what is apply described as "crisis poverty" where lives are
affected by hardships that cause episodic bouts of homelessness and a household is effectively one
(I) paycheck away from homelessness. Fundamental to this area of homelessness, as viewed at
the F ederallevel, are such problems as: The lack of affordable housing; poverty; changes in
family structure; drugs; disabilities; chronic health problems; and changes in the labor market.
The second category of homeless ness, although not specifically described in this manner, is
prolonged homelessness" Persons in this category have chronic disabilities such as: substance
abuse; severe mental illness; chronic health problems; and longstanding family difficulties. This
category of homeless suffers more frequent and extended periods ofhomelessness and are often
the most visible. The problems of homeless persons in this category are exacerbated by the toll of
street living.
The Federal Plan has the ultimate goal of providing a decent and suitable living environment for
the currently homeless and long-term changes to prevent homelessness.
Continuum of Care System
Addressing both the crisis poverty and prolonged homeless problems has been recognized, at the
Federal level, to require a coherent public policy that reflects the multi-faceted problems of the
homelessness" The vehicle that has been developed at this level to implement the Plan is called the
"Continuum of Care System'. This System is intended to provide a seamless system for
addressing all needs by recognizing the existence of programmatic gaps and the necessity of
involving the homeless, private business and foundations, the housing industry, non-profit
organizations, homeless providers and all levels of government in resolving the problems of
homelessness.
The Continuum of Care System is composed of the following:
E-I
. Outreach Intake and Assessment
. Emergency Shelters
. Transitional Housing
. Permanent Supportive Housing
. Permanent Housing
. Supportive Services within all components
These components are considered to be fundamental to the system. Exhibit I demonstrates how
these components are inter-connected as noted in the Exhibit, the systems begins at the
emergency shelter/assessment level which provides immediate shelter for short-term stays and can
identifY an individual's or family's immediate needs. The next level is he transitional housing and
necessary social services phase. Beyond the one month to two year residential stay this level is
where the need for such social services as substance abuse treatment, short-term mental health
services, independent living skills, etc., are assessed and provided. The last Phase which is the
objective of the system, is permanent housing or a permanent supportive housing arrangement for
those persons with long-term or chronic disabilities. Although not specifically including a
component of the system, another vital aspect of the success of this approach is a strong homeless
prevention strategy and while not all homeless individuals and families will need access to all
phases of the system, all phases must be available and coordinated in a community.
LOCAL lNITIA TIVE
The City of San Bernardino has been committed to the systematic approach of addressing
homelessness since early 1993. At that time, the concept of the need to provide services at
various stages of homelessness was introduced. Exhibit II outlines the City's system. An integral
aspect of this system was the realization that a City is the jurisdictional level where the results of
homelessness are the most evident and the resolution of the problem expected. However, the
causes of homelessness do not originate at the City level and just as the causes have a broader
base of origin, the solution, including the provision of services, must have a broader base for
response.
The City, the largest in the County and the County seat, is a natural place for the homeless to
seek services. Many County, State and Federal Governmental agencies are located within the
City's borders, as well as the service providers capable of handling larger volumes of clients.
Unfortunately, having the services that draw homeless from other parts of the region, and thus
experiencing a disproportionate burden, is not matched by the resources needed to meet the need.
E-2
EXHIBIT I
CONTINUUM OF CARE SYSTEM
Outreach
Intake
Assessment
Emergency
Shelter
Transitional
Housing
--->'>--------------~---------------------_.:
,
,
,
,
,
Supportive
Services
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"
Permanent
Housing
Permanent
Supportive
Housing
- - - - ~ . -. ,
EXHIBlT II
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
HOMELESS SERVICE SYSTEM DESIGN AT-RISK TO HOMEOWNERSHIP
STAGES OF HOMELESSNESS
The shadowed boxes. when read from left to right. indicate a progression
or phase of homelessness a person might experience. The items noted
below the last two boxes. reading from top to bottom, indicate a range of
housing types, from least to most preferred.
AT-RISK
- Renter
- Homeowner
(1 - 3 mos. behind
in payments)
- Support Services
~
k I PERMANENT k
- Rental
- Homeownership
- Support Services
njot:Junel1lS)'l'
HOMELESS
- Drop-in Center
(Shower, food, nap)
- Overnight Shelter .
(0 - 3 Nights)
- Motel/hotel Vouchers
- Emergency Sheter
(3 Nts. - 6 Mos.)
- Domestic Violence
Shelter
-Transitional Housing
(6 Mos. - 2 Yrs.)
- Support Services
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..
Over the last few years, the City has sought the cooperation of service providers and other
governmental entities to develop at least a regional approach to implementing the City's system.
The regional approach allows the City to involve and draw on the efforts of the County, other
governmental jurisdictions and service providers throughout the area for the development of
resources and programs that will be beneficial to the homeless throughout the area.
Regional Overview
1. Background
In the early 1990's, Arrowhead United Way, the City and County of San Bernardino and a
variety oflocal service providers, began a serious effort to organize and address
homelessness on a regional or County-wide basis. The result of that effort was the
eventual formation of the San Bernardino County Homeless Coalition. Although originally
financed and staffed by Economic Development Agency of the City San Bernardino, the
Coalition has always attempted to approach the issues ofhomelessness County-wide. The
earliest effort of the Coalition divided the organization of the County into more manageable
regions and the creation of provider and public sector entity networks within each regional
area.
The next level of Coalition activity occurred in February 1992 with the first attempt since
the 1990 Census, to count and analyze the homeless regionally. The results, taken over a
one-day period during heavy winter weather conditions, were less than desired. In July
1992, to affect a truly regional perspective, the coordination of the Coalition was
transferred to the County of San Bernardino. And in November 1992, as a method of
compensating for the results in the earlier count, and with a newly hired coordinator, the
Coalition attempted again to obtain more timely information. A three day count of the
homeless which involved service provider distribution of survey forms during intakes as well
as the traditional location of the unsheltered, was conducted. And although the information
gathered has the same limitations of previous efforts, a snap shot perspective of an ever
changing population, the strengthening of the provider, private and public sector
commitment to a unified effort to address the needs of the homeless was assured.
2. Current Status of County Homeless
In general, homelessness has grown as a problem in all communities in the County over the
past decade. A considerable decline in employment and concomitant drop in property
values are contributing factors. The area's once considerable military related industrial and
commercial base is largely closed today. Some 4,000 civilian jobs, on and adjacent to
rni1itary facilities, have been lost since base closings began in 1990. In addition, since the
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end of the cold war, the County has lost much of its traditional aerospace related industry.
Also, the County has been extremely hard hit by the lingering California recession that
started in the early 1990's and the San Bernardino Chamber of Commerce reports a decline
of nearly 20% in skills related and manufacturing jobs in the County. Other factors
contributing to homelessness in this area include: substance abuse; family fragmentation;
community violence; and, the influx of transient homeless persons.
As noted, the two attempts to count the homeless in 1992 resulted in less than definitive
information on the number within the County. Although precise, un-duplicated numbers are
not available, the increase in service demands alone, indicates a growing problem
throughout the area. Some of the conclusions that were drawn from the surveys include:
. About 20% of current homeless individuals and families are thought to have come from
outside of the County since 1990.
. About 3,100 persons are estimated to be homeless in the County on any given day of
the year. Of these, about 300 are families and 1,200 children.
. homeless persons live in virtually every City in the County and throughout
unincorporated areas;
. about 43% of homeless persons in the County are children;
. the average age of homeless persons in the County is younger (average age 23.3 years)
than the County as a whole (27.7 years);
. women make up fully 40% of the County's homeless population
. 20% of homeless families are headed by single female parents
. African American and Latinos make up a disproportionate share of the homeless
population; and,
. 63% of surveyed homeless persons receive AFDC and 58% receive Food Stamps.
In addition, the Community Services Department of the County of San Bernardino (CSD)
has completed an assessment of the homeless population County-wide. Information has
been derived from discussions with service providers in efforts to update data on the
homeless. The CSD has particularly noted that homeless individuals, homeless persons with
disabilities, and families who are homeless experience greater risk of harm and danger than
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persons who are not homeless. Homelessness creates a very debilitating cycle that
introduces persistent uncertainty, violence and fear into every day life. Where drug or
alcohol use were involved prior to homelessness, the homeless status exacerbates these and
other dependencies and in turn becomes causal.
The County's homeless population has been increasing at about seven percent (7%) annually
since 1990. The present estimated homeless population of 3, I 00 is about three percent
(3%) of the County's total population at or below the federal poverty level. the increase in
homelessness in the County is attributed to a number offactors, not the least of which is a
marked loss in public and private sector jobs and the loss of equity by homeowners. The
decrease in the value of properties means that many at-risk individuals or families find
themselves less than three (3) paychecks away from homelessness. The equity cushion that
many had for years has disappeared. The increase in home foreclosures, and individual and
business bankruptcy's is testament to this changed circumstance.
While the relative numbers of persons who are homeless is increasing the type of people
new to homelessness is changing. Persons who considered themselves middle class now
find themselves in a downwards economic and social spiral without the equity nest egg they
once believed they could depend upon.
The relative number of families homeless in our County is increasing as is the number of
homeless families and others, we found that fully forty-three percent (43%) of homeless
were children and that the median age of the homeless population, not surprisingly, had
dropped to 23.3 years vs. the median age County-wide of27.7 years. the majority of
families who are homeless in our County have children of pre-school age. The County is
socially and economically diverse with household incomes in some mountain and
recreational communities among the highest in Southern California and other areas quite
impoverished. An estimated twelve percent (12%) of County residents have poverty level
incomes and another twenty percent (20%) have incomes less than 200% of the poverty
level.
In addition to the 3, 100 estimated homeless individuals and 300 estimated homeless families,
the County has a large number of "unknown" individuals and families who live in
campgrounds, forests, under bridges, in cars, and who double up with other families and
friends, as well as the migrant and seasonal homeless farm workers in agricultural areas.
Characteristics of the homeless population include the ab~ence of a fixed, regular, and
adequate nighttime residence. The homeless oriented housing providers in the County have
a capacity of approximately 250 beds. The shortfall is considerable. The homeless
population includes two (2) parent families, abused and/or abandoned women and children,
teenagers, the disabled, and low income persons lacking adequate support systems or coping
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skills. The reasons for homelessness are many, include: lack of affordable housing, a large
and growing gap between housing costs and low wages, cutbacks in federal housing
assistance, personal emergencies, chronic substance abuse, insufficient support systems,
spousal abandonment, domestic violence and abuse, physical or mental illness, including
AIDS and related conditions, and a lack of appropriate life skills. As a result, homeless
persons and families stay overnight n vehicles, garages, campgrounds, substandard and/or
overcrowded housing units, in addition to staying on the street, under bridges, or in fields as
indicated above.
In addition to the existing homeless population, there is a significant and growing "at-risk"
population of people who may become homeless. Between ten percent (10%) and thirteen
percent (13%) oflow (below 80% of median income) and very low income (below 50% of
median income) renter households in the County are living in overcrowded conditions (as
reported in the 1990 census) and age, therefore, at-risk of becoming homeless.
Overcrowding and overpaying are growing housing problems in our Cities and rural settled
areas, due to the increasing high cost of housing while incomes remain fixed or decline.
An estimated eight percent (80%) of employed persons commute ten (10) miles or more for
employment with majority commuting to other counties in the Los Angeles metropolitan
area. Unemployment averages from 8-16% of the work force in different parts of the
County and considerably higher in ghetto and barrio communities. It is also considerably
higher for young persons. In the County, female householder families with pre-school age
children are the most vulnerable for homelessness and associated family problems.
The City of San Bernardino's homeless has been estimated to range in size from 512
obtained in the 1990 Census count, to 1121 in the November 1992 three-day County count
to 1700 obtained from information provided by service providers. The causes and those
affected by homelessness, as noted in the November 1992 count, are consistent with the
information provided by CSD for the County. Some the higWights of the count include:
. 20% of those counted were under the age of 5, 29 percent of the homeless overall
were children.
. the average age of the homeless was 28.2 years compared to 23.3 for the County.
. 749 households were identified of which: 80 perce!].t were single person and II percent
were female headed.
. 36 percent of the homeless were White, the largest racial group, with the next largest
group, Black, made up 31 percent of the homeless.
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1 :
. 27 percent of those surveyed said that they slept with friends or relatives while an equal
percentage slept in shelters.
. 30 percent stated that their reason for homelessness was loss of a job while another 26
percent stated that they had been forced out or evicted from a unit.
. 20 percent surveyed stated that alcohol or drug abuse caused them to become homeless
and an equal percentage were asked to leave after sharing a home with friends or
relatives.
. 53 percent of the respondents who provided information indicated they received food
stamps, 39 percent received AFDC and 14 percent stated that they had no source of
Income.
. the average length ofhomelessness was 9.4 months.
3. Current Services and Needs
A. Basis of the County Continuum of Care System
Another result of the November 1992 effort was the realization that a more reliable
approach to counting, tracking the progress, and identifYing the needs of the homeless
was required. In early 1993, a unique opportunity to develop a computer system that
would network the providers, track the homeless and produce un-duplicated counts
was presented to the Country-wide Homeless Coalition. Through a Coalition
participant who was also a realtor, the designers and operators of the Multiple Listing
Service for the Boards of Realtors and the 911 emergency phone system offered to
redesign existing computer software to meet the needs of a homeless computer
network. PRC Systems, Inc. over the last two years and using their Multiple Listing
software as a base, has designed a system which allows service providers to obtain such
information as the location of services and the availability of shelter beds, throughout
the County.
The PRC staff worked with a committee oflarge intake providers and public agencies
located throughout the County to design a system that would be "user friendly" while
producing data of the highest reliability. The San B~mardino County Homeless
Coalition Shelter and Support Services Computer Network allows providers to
conduct a through intake on client and agencies needing un-duplicated counts of the
homeless to obtain up to date information. The Network is also capable of protecting
the confidentiality of clients seeking services. A user of the Network can dial from a
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personal computer into the host computer to gain access to the Network. In addition,
the Network provides a means of communication to users via the availability of a
message retrieval mechanism.
The Network has been operational since December 1994. Users such as service
providers and public agencies will be trained on an ongoing basis with the goal of
having 25 to 50 percent of the currently identified users "on-line" by the end of 1995.
The data on clients may still be limited at that time, but with the larger agencies
targeted to receive training first, the data that will be available is expected to yield a
much more reliable perspective on the composition and needs of clients.
The Network is the basis for all aspects of the Continuum of Care System for the
County. A broad range of service providers have been attracted as participants in the
Network. Users of the Network can anticipate access to providers serving homeless
people along the full continuum of care, including prevention services, outreach, intake
and referral; emergency shelters with needs assessments and transitional and permanent
housing program.
B. Prevention
In one sense, everything done for poor people is homeless prevention. Local response
often is crisis oriented focusing on providing food, shelter, and rental subsidy assistance
to those who are already homeless. Homeless prevention programs attempt to stabilize
persons at highest risk of homeless homelessness while they are still housed. The
primary service is targeted financial assistance for rent, mortgage, utilities, or
relocation. Supportive programs provide legal aid landlord/tenant mediation, budget
counseling, referrals to other assistance programs, and case management services aimed
at stabilization and achieving self-sufficiency in additional to the financial assistance.
The largest prevention program in the County is administered by the County
Department of Public Social Services. The Aid to Families with Dependent children
(AFDC) Homeless Assistance Program provides vouchers to qualified homeless
families with children to purchase temporary or permanent shelter. Assistance is
available for sixteen (16) days and once every twenty-four (24) months. Another
program is administered by CSD includes Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) emergency food and shelter program services. Eligible persons also receive
emergency rent and utility funds with a stipend of $200 being available to individuals
and families. CSD also administers a tenant based assistance program funded under the
HOME Investment Partnership Act (HOME). This program is designed to assist
homeless to locate and afford rental housing.
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The City of San Bernardino funds a unique homeless prevention program Called the
Rent/Deposit Guarantee Program. This Program is funded with Redevelopment
Housing Set-Aside funds and assists low income workers who are at risk of becoming
homeless, or who have become because of an unforeseen emergency such as an illness,
reduction in work hours, death in the family, etc. The objective of the Rent/Deposit
Program is to provide the working poor with a "safety net" similar to the AFDC
homeless program.
In a conference coordinated by the Homeless Coalition in January, 1994, at the
University of Red lands, participants concluded that preventing homelessness or
repeated homelessness was the primary need. The conferees concluded that supportive
services was the key to effect prevention and to helping families stabilize and get back
on their feet. They felt similarly abut the needs of individuals. Case management,
individualized services and follow-up were prescribed as essentials to prevention.
Participants identified the need for client job skills development, emergency and
transitional housing, budget management, entitlement assistance, child care and
transportation as the essential overlay to breaking the cycle of homelessness.
C. Outreach and Assessment
Outreach is the first and most critical step in connecting or reconnecting a homeless
individual to needed health, mental health, social welfare, and hosing services.
Effective outreach is imperative and is often the weakest link in he continuum of care.
The Coalition's Homeless Computer Network System will greatly expand the current
efforts to locate people on the street, engage hem in services, assess needs, link them
with support services and placement, with follow-up, suitable to their needs. The
Network will effectively extend the resources of all agencies by more appropriately, and
more efficiently direct clients to services.
Supportive services for outreach are quite limited. The County Department of Public
Social Services assigns five (5) full-time case managers throughout the County to work
exclusively with homeless families. The case managers, who maintain caseloads of no
more than fifteen (15) individuals offamilies, are only able to provide individualized
assistance to seventy-five (75) families at any given time.
,.
At this time, the City is wholly dependent on the outreach provided by the County,
including Mental Health, and non-profit service providers. The only direct service the
City provides is a hand-out that indicates the location and types of emergency shelter
and food sources immediately available to the homeless. These handouts have been
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made available to the City police Department, Downtown security groups, local
businesses and provider agencies.
The Homeless Coalition prescribes change for the County, recommending that gaps be
filled at the "front end". They identified need for outreach, assessment, access,
information-sharing, and use of the County's computerized system to aid the assessment
and referral process and track homeless individuals and families through the continuum
of care.
D. Emergency Shelters
In San Bernardino County, the short-term housing system is characterized by a healthy
diversity in programs, target populations, and service providers, almost exclusively
provided by the non-profit sector. Emergency shelters and missions typically provide
short-term stays of thirty to sixty (30 to 60) days; some provide extended stays up to
six (6) months. Emergency shelter programs are increasingly trying to expand service
delivery and help move homeless clients directly into transitional and permanent
housing.
There are 136 emergency shelter beds for families with children (Three (3) days up to
ninety (90) days) within the County. And, eighty-one (81) emergency shelter beds for
single adults, including senior citizens. In addition, there are sixty (60) beds for
homeless mentally ill. The following are emergency facilities and beds available in and
around the City including beds for homeless battered women:
. Frazee Community Center: Thirty-seven (37) bed capacity, men, women, families
and seniors.
. Salvation Army: Seventy bed (70) bed capacity, men, women with the ability to
almost double the space during the cold weather period.
. Samaritan Shelter: Twenty-five (25) bed capacity for men, women and families.
. County Department of Mental, through provider contracts, funds thirty-five (35)
beds for the mentally ill homeless.
..
. Option House, Inc.: Up to twenty (20) beds
Many parts of the County lack beds. Some communities rely wholly on limited motel
vouchers to temporarily house (an average of three (3) nights) homeless individuals and
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families. A random sampling of services conducted by the Homeless Coalition in
1993 found that only about 15% of all assisted families had follow-up assistance
beyond their stay in emergency shelter or related housing. In 1993, only twenty-five
(25) individuals and/or families were provided follow-up services in the fonn of case
management six (6) months after being homeless. In the same sampling, the Coalition
found that forty-one (41 %) of single parent households were unable to secure
permanent housing after being homeless. In addition, forty-five (45%) of those served
were homeless at lease once before.
The County presently has a limited number of dedicated beds for homeless substance
users of mentally ill homeless persons. About 450 emergency shelter vouchers were
issued in 1994 to substance abusers or mentally disabled homeless persons to
accommodate the short-fall in available housing. In additional, there are only forty-five
(45) drug recovery beds for males and females. Waiting lists are common, and there
are no facilities for homeless dual diagnosis persons.
D. Transitional Housing
Transitional housing programs differ from shelters in that they are more service-rich,
often provide stays of up to two (2) years, and sometimes ask for a share of cost from
residents. Within the County there are four (4) agencies providing transitional beds for
homeless individuals and families and one (I) facility that serves homeless battered
women, three (3) of which are in the City of San Bernardino:
. St. Mark's Episcopal Church: Seven (7) apartments
. Family Service Association of Red lands: Vouchers for housing
. Frazee Community Center of San Bernardino: Four (4) apartments
. Operation Grace of San Bernardino: Two (2) apartments
. Option House, Inc.: Up to sixteen (16) beds, ten (10) of which would be
converted emergency shelter beds if use allows.
There are three overriding needs in this area for the ..County and City. The first is to
develop new housing resources for homeless persons, the second is homelessness
prevention, and the third are transitional units for special needs populations. The need
for additional resources is more than an issue of numbers. The County is so large that
the few such resources are miles, often 100 miles or more apart. The distance involved,
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particularly for persons without transportation, make this resource especially
problematic.
Also, there is a tremendous need to bring new supportive services resources to persons
in transitional settings including transportation, job training and placement services,
permanent housing placement, parenting classes, literacy skills, health care, mental
health counseling and drug/alcohol treatment. So, along with increasing the absolute
number of facilities and beds, case managed education and employment training; budget
counseling; assistance with accessing affordable housing; and substance abuse
counseling are greatly needed. . The CSD estimates that available services are able to
serve less than ten percent (10%) of the need on any given day.
E. Permanent Housing
The County Housing Authority owns and manages 1,986 units. Ten percent (10%) of
the units are dedicated to elderly households, about (60%) to small households of 2-4
persons, and the remainder to others including very large families. There are currently
thirty-two (32) assisted projects in the County receiving federal housing assistance and
three (3) projects receiving Section 221(d)(3) assistance from HUD. The County's
Multi-family Mortgage Revenue Bond Program provides 1,598 additional units and the
Single Family Mortgage Revenue bond Program has developed a total of3,675 units.
This component of the care spectrum has increasingly become specialized in creating
housing to meet the needs of various sub-populations of the homeless, including the
mentally ill, people living with HIV/AIDS, persons with substance abuse problems, and
families.
F. Special Needs Housing:
The housing needs noted in this category of services covers emergency, transitional and
permanent housing needs. is The Community Services Department has an active
agreement with the Housing Authority to coordinate services whenever possible. In
addition, CSD is participating in a Section 8 Pilot Homeless Program with the Housing
Authority, which gives top priority to motivated homeless families with children to
receive housing vouchers. Homeless families from CSD's programs use Section 8
housing. CSD is also currently administering, a secl}rity deposit program for the
Economic and Community Development Department of the County through the
HOME program. Under this program eligible applicants may receive security and
utility deposit assistance necessary to move into permanent housing. The San
Bernardino County Department of Mental Health operates programs that address the
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needs of the homeless population we wish to serve, and referrals will be made for
mental health evaluations, substance abuse counseling, clinical testing and services
crucial to stabilizing our clients. The San Bernardino County Homeless Coalition
meets on an on-going basis to coordinate services and exchange information about
resources.
. Veterans Alcoholic Rehabilitation Program: Twenty-five (25) drug or alcohol
beds
. Gibson House: Eighteen (18) women alcoholic recovery
. BetWehem House: Seventy (70) women and children
. Option House: Thirty (30) women and children
. Domestic Violence Education and Services: families
. House of Ruth: Nine (9) AIDS beds
The proposed project will enable the collaborative t significantly expand the availability of the
project's supportive services. The supportive services program will provide participants with
comprehensive personal and life skills training; basic skills training; job training and placement;
referral for primary medical, dental, and mental health care; and referral for substance abuse
treatment and prevention. The overall intent is to help participating individuals and families
achieve successful independent living in appropriate and permanent affordable housing settings.
,.
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APPENDIX F AMENDMENTS/RESPONSES TO COMMENTS
..
/lIe 11 C
CERTIFICATIONS
In accordance with the applicable statutes and the regulations governing the Housing and Community
Development Plan regulations, the City of San Bernardino certifies that:
Citizen Participation Plan.. It is following a detailed citizen participation plan which:
I. . Provides for and encourages citizen participation. with particular emphasis on participation
by persons of low and moderate income who are residents of slum and blighted areas and
of areas in which funds are proposed to be used, and provides for participation of
residents in low and moderate income neighborhoods as defined by the local City of San
Bernardino;
2. Provides citizens with reasonable and timely access to local meetings. information, and
records relating to the grantee's proposed use of funds, as required by the regulations of
the Secretary. and relating to the actual use of funds under the Act;
3. Provides for technical assistance to groups representative of persons of low and moderate
income that request such assistance in developing proposals with the level and type of
assistance to be detennined by the grantee;
4. Provides for public hearings to obtain citizen views and to respond to proposals and
questions at all stages of the community development program, including at least the
development of needs, the review of proposed activities, and review of program
performance. which hearings shall be held after adequate notice, at times and locations
convenient to potential or actual beneficiaries, and with accommodation for the
handicapped;
5. Provides for a timely written answer to written complaints and grievances, within 15
working days where practicable; and
6. Identifies how the needs of non-English speaking residents will be met in the case of public
hearings where a significant number of non-English speaking residents can be reasonably
expected to participate; ,.
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\') '1
Citizen Participation.. Prior to submission of its housing and community development plan to HUD, the
City of San Bernardino has:
I . Met the citizen participation requirements of s91 .xxx
2. Prepared its housing and community development plan and annual use of funds in
accordance with s91.xxx and made its housing and community development plan
submission available to the public.
Affirmatively Further Fair Housing .. The City of San Bernardino will affirmatively further fair housing.
prepare an analysis of impediments and maintain records pertaining to carrying out this certification.
Anti.Discrimination .. The grants will be conducted and administered in compliance with title VI of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.5.c. 2000d). the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.c. 3601.3620), the Age
Discrimination Act of 1975. Executive Orders 11063. 11625. 12138, 12432 and 12892. Section 504
of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.c. 794). the Americans with Disabilities Act (title II) and
implementing regulations.
Anti.displacement and Relocation Plan.. It will comply with the acquisition and relocation requirements
of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970. as amended.
as required under s91.xxx and Federal implementing regulations; and that it has in effect and is following
a residential antidisplacement and relocation assistance plan required under section 104(d) of the Housing
and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended, and the relocation requirements of S91.xxx
governing optional relocation assistance under section I 05(a)( II) of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1974, as amended;
Drug Free Workplace .. It will or will continue to provide a drug-free workplace by:
I. Publishing a statement notifying employees that the unlawful manufacture, distribution,
dispensing, possession, or use of a controlled substance is prohibited in the grantee's
workplace and specifying the actions that will be taken against employees for violation of
such prohibition;
2. Establishing an ongoing drug-free awareness program to inform employees about.
(a) The dangers of drug abuse in the workplai:e:
(b) The grantee's policy of maintaining a drug-free workplace;
(c) Any available drug counseling, rehabilitation, and employee assistance programs;
and
K:\ClIENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC. WPD
(d) The penalties that may be imposed upon employees for drug abuse violations
occurring in the workplace;
3. Making it a requirement that each employee to be engaged in the performance of the
grant be given a copy of the statement required by paragraph I;
4. Notifying the employee in the statement required by paragraph I that. as a condition of
employment under the grant. the employee will .
. (a) Abide by the terms of the statement; and
(b) Notify the employer in writing of his or her conviction for a violation of a criminal
drug statute occurring in the workplace no later than five calendar days after
such conviction;
5. Notifying the agency in writing, within ten calendar days after receiving notice under
subparagraph 4(b) from an employee or otherwise receiving actual notice of such
conviction. Employers of convicted employees must provide notice. including position
title, to every grant officer or other designee on whose grant activity the convicted
employee was working. unless the Federal agency has designated a central point for the
receipt of such notices. Notice shall include the identification number(s) of each affected
grant;
6. Taking one of the following actions. within 30 calendar days of receiving notice under
subparagraph 4(b). with respect to any employee who is so convicted.
(a) Taking appropriate personnel action against such an employee, up to and
including tennination, consistent with the requirements of the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973, as amended; or
(b) Requiring such employee to participate satisfactorily in a drug abuse assistance
or rehabilitation program approved for such purposes by a Federal, State, or local
health, law enforcement. or other appropriate agency;
7. Making a good faith effort to continue to maintain a drug-free workplace through
implementation of paragraphs 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
8. The grantee may insert in the space provided below the site(s) for the performance of
work done in connection with the specific grant:
Place of Performance (Street address, city, county, state, zip code)
K:\CUENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC.WPD
Check _ if there are workplaces on file that are not identified here;The certification with
regard to the drug.free workplace required by:24 CFR part 24, subpart F.
Anti-Lobbying .. To the best of the City of San Bernardino's knowledge and belief:
I . . No Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid. by or on behalf of it. to any
person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency.
a Member of Congress. an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member
of Congress in connection with the awarding of any Federal contract. the making of any
Federal grant, the making of any Federal loan. the entering into of any cooperative
agreement. and the extension. continuation, renewal, amendment. or modification of any
Federal contract. grant. loan, or cooperative agreement;
:2. If any funds other than Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid to any
person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency,
a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member
of Congress in connection with this Federal contract, grant, loan. or cooperative
agreement. it will complete and submit Standard Form-LLL. "Disclosure Form to Report
Lobbying," in accordance with its instructions; and
3. It will require that the language of paragraph (n) of this certification be included in the
award documents for all subawards at all tiers (including subcontracts, subgrants. and
contracts under grants. loans, and cooperative agreements) and that all subrecipients shall
certify and disclose accordingly;The City of San Bernardino is in compliance with
restrictions on lobbying required by 24 CFR part 87, together with disclosure forms. if
required by that part.
Legal Authority.. It possesses legal authority under State and local law to make grant submissions and
to execute a community development and housing programs and the City of San Bernardino's governing
body has duly adopted or passed as an official act a resolution, motion or similar action authorizing the
person identified as the official representative of the grantee to. submit the housing and community
development plan and amendments thereto and all understandings imd assurances contained therein, and
directing and authorizing the person identified as the official representative of the grantee to act in
connection with the submission of the housing and community development plan and to provide such
additional information as may be required;
K:\ClIENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC.WPD
Applicable Laws .. The City of San Bernardino will comply with the other provisions of the Acts covering
programs covered by the HCD plan and with other applicable laws.
Signature
Date
Title
,
K:\ClIENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlfIC.WPD
Specific CDBG Certifications
The Entitlement Community certifies that:
Use of Funds.- It has developed its HCD plan one-year projected use of funds so as to give maximum
feasible priority to activities which benefit low and moderate income families or aid in the prevention or
elimination of slums or blight; (the projected use of funds may also include activities which the grantee
certifies are designed to meet other community development needs having a particular urgency because
existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the community, and
other financial resources are not available); except that the aggregate use of CDBG funds received under
section 106 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended, and if applicable,
under section 108 of the same Act, during program year(s) 199_, (a period specified by the
grantee consisting of one, two, or three specific consecutive program years), shall principally benefit
persons of low and moderate income in a manner that ensures that not less than 70 percent of such funds
are used for activities that benefit such persons during such period;
Community Development Plan.. It has developed a community development plan, for the period specified
in the paragraph above, that identifies community development and housing needs and specifies both short
and long.tenn community development objectives that have been developed in accordance with the primary
objective and requirements of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended;
Special Assessments.. It will not attempt to recover any capital costs of public improvements assisted
in whole or in part with funds provided under section 106 of the Housing and Community Development
Act of 1974, as amended, or with amounts resulting from a guarantee under section 108 of the same Act
by assessing any amount against properties owned and occupied by persons of low and moderate income,
including any fee charged or assessment made as a condition of obtaining access to such public
improvements, unless:
1 . Funds received under section 106 of the Housing and Community Development Act of
1974, as amended, are used to pay the proportion of such fee or assessment that relates
to the capital costs of such public improvements that are financed from revenue sources
other than under Title I of that Act; or
2. For purposes of assessing any amount against properties owned and occupied by persons
of moderate income, the grantee certifies to the Secretary that it lacks sufficient funds
received under section 106 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974,
as amended, to comply with the requirements of subparagraph (I) above;
Lead.Based Paint.. Its notification, inspection, testing and abatement procedures concerning lead-based
paint will comply with ~570.608;
Excessiv~ Force -. It has adopted and is enforcing:
K:\CUENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC. WPD
I.
A policy prohibiting the use of excessive force by law enforcement agencies within its City
of San Bernardino against any individuals engaged in non-violent civil rights
demonstrations; and
2.
A policy of enforcing applicable State and local laws against physically barring entrance
to or exit from a facility or location which is the subject of such non-violent civil rights
demonstrations within its City of San Bernardino;
Signature
Date
Title
"
K:\CUENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC.WPD
" '.,
OPTIONAL CERTIFICATION
CDBG
Submit the following certification only when one or more of the activities in the final statement are
designed to meet other community development needs having a particular urgency as specified in 24
CFR 570.208(c):
The grantee hereby certifies that the projected use of funds includes one or more specifically
identified activities which are designed to meet other community development needs having a
particular urgency because existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the
health and welfare of the community and other financial resources are not available to meet
such needs.
Signature
Date
Title
,.
K:\CUENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFlC.WPD
Specific HOME Certifications
The HOME participating City of San Bernardino certifies that:
Appropriate financial Assistance.. before committing any funds to a project, it will evaluate the
project in accordance with the guidelines that it adopts for this purpose and will not invest any more
HOME funds in combination with other federal assistance than is necessary to provide affordable
housing;
Tenant Based Rental Assistance .. If the participating City of San Bernardino intends to provide
tenant-based rental assistance:
The use of HOME funds for tenant-based rental assistance is an essential element of the
participating City of San Bernardino's annual approved housing strategy for expanding the
supply, affordability, and availability of decent, safe. sanitary, and affordable housing.
Date
Signature
Title
:
K:\CUENT5\5ANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTIFIC.WPD
ESG Certifications
The Emergency Shelter Grantee certifies that:
Match.. It will provide the matching supplemental funds required by 9575.51. Describe the sources
and amounts of the supplemental funds.
Terms of Assistance .. It will comply with:
(I) The requirements of 9575.53 concerning the continued use of buildings, for which
emergency shelter grant amounts are used, as emergency shelters for the homeless;
(2) The building standards requirements of 9575.55; and
(3) The requirements of 9575.57 concerning assistance to the homeless.
Non-profit Subrecipients .. It will conduct its emergency shelter grant activities and the unit of
general local government will ensure that nonprofit recipients conduct their activities in confonnity
with the nondiscrimination and equal opportunity requirements contained in 9575.59(a) and the other
requirements of this part and of other applicable Federal law.
Use of Commercial Buildings .. If grant amounts are proposed to be used to provide emergency
shelter for the homeless in hotels or motels, or other commercial facilities providing transient housing:
(I) The grantee or nonprofit recipient has executed (or will execute) an agreement with the
provider of such housing that comparable living space, in tenns of quality, available
amenities, and square footage, will be available in the facility for use as emergency
..
K:\CLlENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFlC. WPD
HOPWA Certifications
Terms of Assistance .. It will maintain any building or structure assisted with under the HOPW A
program as a facility to provide assistance for eligible persons:
(I) For a period of not less than 10 years in the case of assistance involving new construction,
substantial rehabilitation or acquisition ofa facility; and
(2) For a period of not less than 3 years in cases involving non-substantial rehabilitation or repair
of a building or structure;
Signature
Date
Title
,.
I<:\ClIENTS\SANBERDO\CONPlAN\CERTlFIC.WPD
APPENDIX TO CERTIFICATIONS
INSTRUGIONS CONCERNING LOBBYING AND DRUG. FREE WORKPLACE REOUIREMENTS:
A. Lobbyin~ Certification.
This certification is a material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed when this
transaction was made or entered into. Submission of this certification is a prerequisite for
making or entering into this transaction imposed by section 1352. title 31, U.s. Code. Any
person who fails to file the required certification shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less
than $10,000 and not more than $100.000 for each such failure.
B. Dru~-Free Workplace Certification
I. By signing and/or submitting this application or grant agreement, the grantee is
providing the certification set out in paragraph (0).
2. The certification set out in paragraph (0) is a material representation of fact upon
which reliance is placed when the agency awards the grant. If it is later detennined
that the grantee knowingly rendered a false certification. or otherwise violates the
requirements of the Drug.Free Workplace Act, HUD, in addition to any other remedies
available to the Federal Government, may take action authorized under the Drug-Free
Workplace Act.
3. For grantees other than individuals. Alternate I applies. (This is the information to
which entitlement grantees certify).
4. For grantees who are individuals. Alternate II applies. (Not applicable to CDBG
Entitlement grantees.)
5. Workplaces under grants, for grantees other than individuals, need not be identified on
the certification. If known, they may be identified in the grant application. If the
grantee does not identify the workplaces at the time of application, or upon award, if
there is no application, the grantee must keep the identity of the workplace(s) on file in
its office and make the information available for Federal inspection. Failure to identify
all known workplaces constitutes a violation of the grantee's drug-free workplace
requirements.
6. Workplace identifications must include the actual address of buildings (or parts of
buildings) or other sites where work under the grant takes place. Categorical
descriptions may be used (e.g., all vehicles of a mass transit authority or State highway
K:\ClIENTS\SANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTIFIC. WPD
department while in operation, State employees in each local unemployment office,
performers in concert halls or radio stations).
7. If the workplace identified to the agency changes during the performance of the grant,
the grantee shall inform the agency of the change(s), if it previously identified the
workplaces in question (see paragraph five).
S. Definitions of terms in the Nonprocurement Suspension and Debarment common rule
and Drug.Free Workplace common rule apply to this certification. Grantees' attention
. is called, in particular, to the following definitions from these rules:
"Controlled substance" means a controlled substance in Schedules I through V of the
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.S 12) and as further defined by regulation (21
CFR 130S.11 through 130S.15);
"Conviction" means a finding of guilt (including a plea of nolo contendere) or
imposition of sentence, or both, by any judicial body charged with the responsibility to
determine violations of the Federal or State criminal drug statutes;
"Criminal drug statute" means a Federal or non. Federal criminal statute involving the
manufacture, distribution, dispensing, use, or possession of any controlled substance;
"Employee" means the employee of a grantee directly engaged in the performance of
work under a grant, including: (i) All "direct charge" employees; (ii) all "indirect charge"
employees unless their impact or involvement is insignificant to the performance of the
grant; and (iii) temporary personnel and consultants who are directly engaged in the
performance of work under the grant and who are not on the grantee's payroll. This
definition does not include workers not on the payroll of the grantee (e.g., volunteers,
even if used to meet a matching requirement; consultants or independent contractors
not on the grantee's payroll; or employees of subrecipients or subcontractors in
covered workplaces).
"
K:\CUENTS\5ANBERDO\CONPLAN\CERTlFIC.WPD
IX. MONITORING PLAN
IX. Monitoring Standards and Procedures.
The City of San Bernardino understands that all efforts using federal, state and lacal resources
to pravide affordable housing to its residents must be conducted in accordance with established
laws, regulatians and sound management and accounting practices.
Internal monitoring of the aforementioned affordable housing tasks will be conducted an an
an-going basis by the City fmancial staff and the Ecanomic Development Agency.
In addition to. the day-to~day supervision, the City will conduct regular meetings of staff
regarding progress and performance in adhering to all established requirements.
Periodic reparts will also be submitted to. the appropriate City officials, HUD, the State of
California Housing and Community Development Department and the San Bernardino County
Housing Authority. In order to control and properly account for any nonprofits that will carry
out Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), HOME, HOPE III and redevelopment
set-aside funded programs and perhaps other federal and! or state programs, the City has
established a subrecipient manitoring program. At a minimum, this subrecipient manitoring
program will require the submission of periodic reports on nonprofit activities and full and
complete, audited financial statements. No funds will be dispersed to. the nonprofits for their
designated payees unless full documentation has been provided.
"
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
CmZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN
INTRODUCTION AND POLICY STATEMENT
It is the policy of the City of San Bernardino to provide for community involvement in the
planning, development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programs funded under the
Housing and Community Development Acts of 1974 and 1977, as amended, and the Cranston-
Gonzales Act of 1990.
The Citizen Participation Plan sets forth the procedures and guidelines to be implemented by the
City to provide for the continuing participation by the citizens of San Bemardino. While the City
desires and recognizes the need for citizen involvement, it is the City Council which has [mal
detennination and responsibility for all aspects of the City's Housing and Community
Development Programs. TIlls plan, originally adopted in 1975, may be amended from time to
time by the City Council and shall remain in effect until superseded by a new plan or until the City
no longer participates in the Housing and Community Development Block Grant Program, Home
Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Shelter Grant Program, or other programs that
pertain to the consolidated planning process as required by 24 CFR Parts 91, et. al.
PURPOSE
A summary of the primary objectives of the Participation Plan are provided below:
1. Ensure that citizens are informed of the amount offunds available under the Consolidated
Plan, the range of activities that may be undertaken, as well as the various program
requirements.
2. Provide for public hearings on community development and housing needs.
3. Provide citizens with adequate opportunities to participate in the development of the
Consolidated Plan with any required changes, revisions, ?r amendments to the plan.
4. Provide teclmical assistance to citizens in developing specific proposals for funding
consideration.
5. Provide an on-going process for citizens likely to be effected by program activities, to
articulate needs, express preferences about proposed activities, assist in selecting
priorities, and participate in the overall development of the Consolidated Plan.
6. Provide a process through which citizens may participate in the monitoring and evaluation
of community development and housing activities.
cmZEN P ARTICIP A TION PLAN
March 16, 1995
Page -2-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Provide a process whereby citizens may comment with respect to any aspect of the City's
housing and community development performance and be assured that written comments
will be considered and responded to in accordance with federal regulations.
STANDARDS OF PARTICIPATION
All aspects of the City's citizens participation efforts shall be conducted in an open manner with
freedom of access to all interested parties. The City encourages the involvement of all groups
including low and very low income persons, particularly those living in slurn,lblighted areas, and in
areas where CDBG funds are proposed to be used including non-english speaking persons, as well
as persons with mobility, visual or hearing impainnents, members of minority groups, the elderly,
the disabled, the business community, civic groups and the community at large.
While this plan describes a specific citizen's organization (Community Development Citizen
Advisory Committee), it is not intend to exclude any individual citizen input. All the citizens of
San Bernardino are encouraged to participate in every public meeting and to contact the
Development Department with any questions conceming the process and the programs pertaining
to the Consolidated Plan including the Conununity Development Block Grant Program, Home
Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Shelter Grant Program, or any other applicable
future programs.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
To help facilitate citizen input, the City will provide technical assistance through its staff to the
Conununity Development Citizen Advisory Committee as well as to groups representative oflow,
very low and extremely low income residents who may require such assistance in developing
proposals for federal funding as required by federal regulations. Technical assistance may be
provided by telephone, meetings, and workshops throughout the year.
PUBLIC INFORMATION
In order for citizens to become informed and involved in the Consolidated Plan process, the City
will make available all relevant information including the following:
1. Material concerning the amount of funds available for proposed conununity development
and housing activities and the range of activities that may be taken including the amount
that will benefit the persons of low and very low income.
.
CmzEN P ARTICIP A TION.PLAN
March 16, 1995
Page -3-
-----------------------------------------------------:-----------------------------------------------------------
2. Applicable regulations and guidelines governing all aspects of the program.
3. Prior applications, fmal statements and amendments, grant agreements, grantee
performance reports, citizens participation plan and any other reports required by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
4. Documents regarding other important program requirements such as contracting
procedures, environmental policies, fair housing and other equal opportunity requirements
and relocation provisions.
5. Mailings and promotional materials.
6. Minutes of meetings and hearings.
7. Any other documents the City believes is necessary to the consolidated planning process.
The surnmary of the proposed Consolidated Plan will be published in one or more newspapers of
general circulation. The summary will provide the contents and the purpose of the Consolidated
Plan and a list oflocations where copies of the entire plan may be examined. Copies of the entire
proposed plan will be available to the public at the Economic Development Agency office, City
Hall, and at least three (3) City Libraries. A summary of conunents regarding the proposed
Consolidated Plan will be attached to the fmal Consolidated Plan.
OlITREACH
The City will attempt to achieve its level of public participation by organizations and the
community through actively soliciting participation by these groups. Annual technical assistance
workshops will be held in order to assist with the development of proposals for funding. Letters
of invitation to attend the public hearing to receive input on housing and non housing conununity
development needs will be sent to conununity service organizations, business organizations,
Chamber of Conunerce, religious organizations and any other applicable groups and affected
parties showing an interest in the Consolidated Plan.
The City will also coordinate its planning activities with the Housing Authority as well as any
other applicable inter-governmental jurisdictions impacted by the Consolidated Plan.
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
March 16, 1995
Page -4-
COMPLAINTS
The City will make every reasonable effort to provide written responses to complaints within 15
working days. A copy of each written citizen comment or complaint regarding the City's housing
and community development performance under the Consolidated Plan, the City's assessment of
the comment or complaint and a description of any action taken or written response made will be
kept on me as a public record.
PUBLIC MEETINGS AND PUBLIC HEARINGS
The City will conduct public meetings and public hearings during various phases of the
Consolidated Plan process each fISCal program year. All public meetings and public hearings shall
be open to the public. Meetings will be held at times and at locations in the City that are
convenient and acceptable to potential and actual beneficiaries. Special accomendations shall be
made for persons with disabilities upon advance notice and as necessary. In cases where a
significant number of non-english speaking residents are reasonably expected to participate, an
inteIpreter will be provided by the City upon advance notice and as necessary.
The City Council shall conduct a total of three (3) public hearings during the fIScal program year.
A public hearing will be held prior to publishing the proposed Consolidated Plan. The pUIpose of
tills public hearing is to obtain views of citizens on housing and community development needs,
including priority non-housing community development needs. A second public hearing will be
held to obtain views on the proposed Consolidated Plan prior to its review and adoption by the
City Council. A third public hearing will be held in order to review program performance.
Prior to each public hearing, a legal notice shall be published in one or more newspapers of
general circulation within a reasonable time frame. The legal notice shall contain the following
information:
"
1. Date of hearing.
2. Time of hearing.
3. Place of hearing.
4_ Topic to be considered.
5. Basic information about the program.
CONSOliDATED PLAN
March 16, 1995
Page -5-
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CITIZEN ADVISORY COMMITTEE (CDCAC)
STRUCTURE
Size and appointment
The Conununity Development Citizens Advisory Committee shall consist of 15 members. Each
member of the City COWlcil shall appoint one (1) member for a total of seven (7) members. The
Mayor shall appoint the other eight (8) members.
Term of Office
Each member shall serve at the pleasure of llis/her appointee. The tenn of office shall
automatically expire with the succession of their appointees service as City COWlcil member or
Mayor.
The CDCAC shall have a chairperson and vice chairpersons. Both shall be elected from and by
the members of the CDCAC each year.
Meetin~s
The CDCAC will meet as often as required during the period set aside for reviewing proposals
and establishing needs and priorities, and as needed during the balance of the program year. All
other regularly scheduled meetings are held on the third Thursday of a month on a quarterly basis
(March, June, September, and December), and will be conducted in the Economic Development
Agency Board Room (or other designated location as deemed necessary), located on the third
floor of 201 North "E" Street, San Bernardino. All meetings are open to the public. Any member
failing to attend three (3) or more scheduled meetings per fIScal year without being excused by the
conunittee, shall automatically cease to be a member of the committee and the Mayor or City
cOWlcil shall f111 such vacancy immediately. -
ROLL AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CITIZEN
ADVISORY COMMITTEE (cDCAC)
The CDCAC is an advisory conunittee to the City Council which, by state law, is the responsible
legislative body in matters relating to the programs associated with the Consolidated Plan and the
Consolidated Plan process. The conunittee responsibilities shall include the following:
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
March 16, 1995
Page -6-
----------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------------------------
1. Scheduling public hearings on housing and community development needs and program
performance.
2. Assisting in the identification of community needs, priorities and strategies.
3. Receiving and reviewing citizens comments on housing and community development
progress and performance.
4. Receiving and reviewing all housing and cOltununity development project proposals for
specific funding to include COItununity Development Block Grant, Home Partnership
Investment Program, Emergency Shelter Grant Program, Section 108 Guarantee Loans,
and CDBG Float Loans.
5. Preparing specific funding and program recOImnendations to the Mayor and City Council
on the use of grant funds.
6. Assisting, monitoring and evaluating ongoing housing and community development
program activities.
7. Reviewing and preparing recOltunendations to the Mayor and City Council on all proposed
program changes, revisions, or amendments.
8. Receiving and answering citizen complaints regarding housing and community
development activities.
In addition to the responsibilities listed above the CDCAC will act as liaison between the
community and the City. Therefore, the cOlmniltee will also be responsible for meeting with
citizen groups which represent residents impacted by cOlmnunity development and housing
activities, providing technical assistance to citizen groups when'requested, and keeping the
general community informed on housing and community development matters of importance.
APPENDIX B COMMUNITY NEEDS SURVEY
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS SURVEY
The City of San Bernardino i5 5tarting a new planning proce55 for the future u5e of federal hou5ing and community
deveiopmentfund5: Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and Home Inve5tment Partner5hif'!"rogram (HOME).
An important part of thi5 Plan i5 to a5k you, the re5ident, what you think are the important need5in your neighborhood.
Plea5e help the City of San Bernardino in preparing the Plan by completing the following 5urvey.
Plea5e check the appropriate box below for each category 5howing what you think are the greate5t unmet need5 in your
community. Plea5e provide you input for each item.
Plea5e circle the category(5) you repre5ent: Re5ident BU5ine55 Community Group Church
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NO
NEEDS CATEGORY HIGH MEDIUM LOW SUCH NEED
1. Public Facilitie5 Need5
a. Senior Citizen Center 0 0 0 0
b. Youth Center5 0 0 0 0
c. Center5 for the Di5abied 0 0 0 0
d. Child Care Center5
Pre5Chool Daycare 0 0 0 0
e. Park5 & Recreation Facilitie5 0 0 0 0
f. Parking Facilitie5 0 0 0 0
g. Other Neighborhood Facilitie5
Community Center5 0 0 0 0
2- fnfra5tructure Improvement5
a. Flood Prevention and/or
Drainage Improvement5 0 0 0
b. Water SY5tem Improvement5 0 0 0
C. Street Improvement5 0 0 0
d. Sewer Improvement5 0 0 0
3. Public Service Need5
a. Senior Citizen Service5 0 0 0
b. Handicapped Service5 0 0 0
c. Youth Service5 0 0 0
d. Tran5portation Service5 0 0 0
,.
e. Sub5tance Abu5e Service5 0 0 0
f. Employment Training 0 0 0
g. Crime Awarene55 0 0 0
h. Fair Hou5ing Coun5eling 0 0 0
i. Lead Paint Te5ting &
Abatement 0 0 0
J. Other Public Service Need5
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
(OVER)
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NO
NEED5 CATEGORY HIGH . MEDIUM LOW 5UCH NEED
4. Accessibility Needs (Removal of Barrier,;
to the Handicapped)
a. Public Buildings 0 0 0 0
b. Park & Recreation Facilities 0 0 0 0
c. Health Facilities 0 0 0 0
d. Other Neighborhood Facilities!
Community Centers
5. Economic Development Need,;
a. Neighborhood 'Based 5mall Business
Use,; (Laundromat, Grocery Market,
etc.) 0 0 0 0
b. Job Creation 0 0 0 0
c. Commercial Rehabilitation 0 0 0 0
d. Business 5upport 5ervices 0 0 0 0
e. Other Economic Development Needs
6. Hou,;ing Nud,;
a. Residential Rehabilitation 0 0 0 0
b. Improvements for Handicapped
Accessibility 0 0 0 0
c. Residential Property Maintenance!
Code Enforcement 0 0 0 0
a. Homeownership Assi,;tance 0 0 0 0
e. Rental Housing Development 0 0 0 0
f. Homeless/T ransitional Housing 0 0 0 0
g. 5pecial Needs Housing Facilities:
Mental Illness 0 0 0 0
Drug! Alcohol Abuse 0 0 0 0
HIV Needs 0 0 0 0
h. T enant-Basw Rental Assistance 0 0 0 0
Homeowner Rehabilitation 0 0 0 0
j. Other Housing Needs
To allow the City of San Bernardino to evaluate need6 by gwgraphical area, plea6e identify
the neare6t cr066 6treet to your re6idence or your complete addre66 if you wi6h to be
notjfied of upcoming meeting6 and hearing6 on the6e 6u~ject6:
Nanu; (Optional):
NJtlre$$ or Nearest Cross Street<;:
PLEASE RETURN SURVEY TO:
Housing Divi5ion
City of San Bemardino
201 N. E Strm 3rd Floor
San Bemardino, CA 92401
(909) 384-5081
Survey Revis"'" April 9, 1995
,"ICLlENTSIS^NBERDOICONPLANICP5URVEY.WI'D
PLAN UNIFlCADO
ENCUESTA PARA EL DESARROLLO DE NECESIDADES COMUNITARIAS
La ~1Udad de San Bernardino esta empezando un nuevo proceso de planearniento para el uso futuro de fondos federales
para eI desarrollo habitacional y comunal: Paquetes de Consesiones para el Desarrollo Comunitario (CDBO),
Pregramas Habitacionales de Inversion Conjunta (HOME) y Programas de Conseciones para Refugios de Emergencia
(ESOP). Una parte importante de este plan es preguntarte a ti, el residente, cuales son las necesidades mas importantes
en tu vecindario. Por favor, ayuda a la Ciudad de San Bernardino a preparar el plan cornpletando la siguiente encuesta.
For favor, marque abajo el cuadro apropiado indicando cuales son las necesidades mas urgentes de su comunidad. Nos
gustaria saber 10 que piensa con relacion a los diferentes topicos.
M:lrque la categoria(s) que representa con
un circulo:
Residente
Negocio
Grupo Cornunitario Iglesia
NIVEL DE NECESIDAD
CATEGORIA DE NECESIDAD
ALTO
MEDIANO
BAJO
NO
HAY
NECESIDAD
L Necesidad de Facilidades Publicas
a. Centres para Ancianos 0 0 0 0
b. Centros para Jovene5 0 0 0 0
c. centros para Incapacitados 0 0 0 0
Ii Centros para Cuidado de Ninos
Pre-escolar durante el dia 0 0 0 0
e. Facilidades de Parques y Recreacion 0 0 0 0
f. Facilidades de Estacionarniento 0 0 0 0
g. Otras Facilidades para el Vecindario 0 0 0 0
Centros para la Comunidad
2- Mejoramientos de lnfraestructura
a. Prevencion de inundacion 0 0 0 0 0
Mejorarniento del Drenaje 0 0, 0 0
b. Mejorarniento del Servicio de Agua 0 0 0 0
Co Mejorarniento de Calles 0 0 0 0
Ii Mejorarniento del Dranaje 0 0 0 0
3- Necesidad de Servicios Publicos
a. Servicios para Ancianos 0 0 0 0
b. Servicios para Incapacitados 0 0 0 0
Co Servicios para Jovenes 0 0 0 0
Ii Servicios de Transportacion 0 0 0 0
NIVEL DE NECESIDAD
'EGORIA DE NECESIDAD
ALTO
MEDIANO
BAJO
NO
HAY
NECESIDAD
3. Necesidad de Servicios Publicos
e. Servicios para Adictos 0 0 0 0
f. Entrenarniento para Empleos 0 0 0 0
g. Conciencia del Crimen 0 0 0 0
11. Consejos justos sobre Viviendas 0 0 0 0
i Pruebas en pinturas con Plomo
y su disminucion 0 0 0 0
j. Otras Necesidades de Servicios Publicos 0 0 0 0
4. Necesidades de Accesibilidad(Remover Barreras
para Ios Incapacitados)
a. Edificios PubIicos 0 0 0 0
b. Facilidades de Parques y Recreacion 0 0 0 0
c. Facilidades de Salud 0 0 0 0
d. Otras F acilidades del Vecindario/ 0 0 0 0
Centtos Comunitarios
Necesidades de Desarrollo Economico
a. Vecindario-Pequenos Negocios
Uso (Lavanderia, Supermercado etc.) 0 0 0 0
b. Creacion de Trabajo 0 0 0 0
c. Rehabilitacion Commercial 0 0 0 0
d. Servicios para apoyar Negocios 0 0 0 0
e. Otras Necesidades de Desarrollo 0 0 0 0
Economico
6- Necesidades de Vivienda
a. Rehabilitacion de Residencias 0 0 0 0
b. Mejorarnientos para Incapacitados
Accesibilidad 0 0 0 0
Co Mantenimiento de Propiedades Residenciales
,
Cumplimiento de Codigos 0 0 0 0
d. Asistencia para poseer casa propia 0 0 0 0
e. Desarrollo de Viviendas para Inquilinos 0 0 0 0
f. Sin HogarNivienda de Transicion 0 0 0 0
g. Necesidades Especiales para
Facilidades de Vivienda
Enfennedades Mentales 0 0 0 0
Drogas/Abuso de Alcohol 0 0 0 0
NlVEL DE NECESIDAD
Ch. .EGORIA DE NECESIDAD
ALTO
MEDIANO
BAJO
NO
HAY
NECESIDAD
6. Necesidades de Vivienda
SmA Necesidades 0 0 0 0
h. Arrendarniento: Ayuda para la renta 0 0 0 0
i. Rehabilitacion para Duenos de Casa 0 0 0 0
j. Otras Necesidades de Vivienda 0 0 0 0
Otras necesidades (No identificadas):
Con el objeto de permitir a la Ciudad de San Bernardino una evaluacion por area geografica, por favor
identifique la calle principal mas cercana 0 que va transversal a su residencia.
NOMBRE(Opcional).
1 rCCION 0 CALLE MAS CERCANA:
POR FAVOR ENVIE SU ENCUESTA A:
Coordinador de Formas Publicas
Agencia de Desarrollo Economico(EDA)
201 North "E" Street, Third Floor
San Bernardino, CA 92401-1507
..
APPENDIX C COMMUNITY NEEDS SURVEY RESPONSES
CONSOLIDATED PLAN
CO~DEVELOPMENTNEEDSSURVEY
The City of San Bernardino is starting a new planning process for the future use of fedccal housing and community
development funds: Co=unity Development Block Grant (CDBG), Home Investment Partnership Program (HOME)
and Emergency Shelter Grant Program (ESGP). An important part of this Plan is to ask you, the resident, what you
think are the important needs in your neighborhood. Please help the City of San Bernardino in preparing the Plan by
completing the following survey. We ask that you would fill out this survay and mail it back to the City of San
Bernal'dillo EtOlloll1it Developement Agency at 201 North E Street by March 7, 1995.
Please check the appropriate box below for each category showing what you think are the greatest unmet needs in your
community. Please provide your input for each item.
Please circle the category(s) you represent:
Resident
Business
Community Group Church
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NEEDS CATEGORY
illGH MEDIUM
LOW
NO
SUCH
NEED
. Public Facilities Needs
a. Senior Citizen Center r~ . /.l:L .s.L 11
b. Youth Centers ~ ..!i.L -L q
c. Centers for the Disabled -11Z- gL Y? 0/
d. Child Care Centers
Preschool Daycare ..2L 117 :21' J
c. Parks & Recreation Facilities ...zL ...l!L .12.- "}
t: Parking Facilities -L2- 32 J:L 2)
g. Other Neighborhood Facilities .1L .!LL .LL I\"
Community Centers
2- Infrastructure Improvements
a. Flood Prevention and! or ..ll.. 'II ;1.2- 3-
Drainage Improvements ..fL ...s...L ...JL J.-
b. Water System Improvements -
c. Street Improvements .i.L ~. 3-L -L
d. Sewer Improvements .LL -J.L ..:n:.. -2-
3. Public Service Needs ll.. .J.L
a. Senior Citizen Services '1J J.L
b. Handicapped Services -LL ..i..L -1L J.L
7
c. Youth Services LRL ...PL ---LL .LL
d. Transportation Services .s:.L .LL ~ ..LL
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NO
'<"EEDS CATEGORY illGH MEDIUM LOW SUCH
NEED
3. Public Service Needs
e. Substance Abuse Services Iff 22 2t .1L
f Employment Training ..1L 2'1 1';1.. -L
g. Crime Awareness ..H- ..)L 2/ ...!L
h. Fair Housing Counseling :J..L.. .IL 7J R
L Lead Paint Testing &
Abatement 2L l.t 1./7 .2L
j. Other Public Service Needs .2L ..!iL 22 ...i!L
4- Accessibility Needs (Removal of Barriers
to the Handicapped) I.L Jf4 n
a Public Buildings JL
b. Park & Recreation Facilities 3..L. .fL ?r .LL
c. Health Facilities ...IL ..LL 27 il-
d. Other Neighborhood Facilities! .2L .LL '14 -1.L
Community Centers
S. Economic Development Needs
a Neighborhood-Based Small Business
Use (Laundromat, Grocery Market, etc.) M D- lJ 7
b. Job Creation 1lL J..2 6 7
c. Commercial Rehabilitation .il- LL -'L- ---L-
d. Business Support Services .3L J.!L ~ 3-
e. Other Economic Development Needs ?'? ..If- 22- 7
- ~ -
6- Housing Needs
a. Residential Rehabilitation f7 rr /2- c.
b. Improvements for Handicapped 12- ft? 7t ..L!L
Accessibility 3.L ..!1L " .1.L- ...l2::.-
c. Residential Property Maintenance!
Code Enforcement .i!L .!iL ~ .!.L
d. Homeownership Assistance 3.!L ..f.L ...l.;L ...1..!L
e. Rental Housing Deyelopment .sf.L. .:Y- 2;L i!!..-
t: Home1esslI'ransitional Housing ..J:L JLL ;.0 -1L
g. Special Needs Housing Facilities: 61f ..!f!L 2L ..J.L
8
..' ..- -- - . ..
Mental Illness
Drug/Alcohol Abuse
M- 'If ..dL iL
PRIORITY NEED LEVEL
NO
IDGH :MEDIUM LOW SUCH
NEED
1:1- .2 :z.r ..:L
--
J..L SL 2.r E-
M- .s.L -.L J.L
.2L 1/)' -LL K
NEEDS CATEGORY
6. Housing Needs
HIV Needs
h. Tenant-Based Rental Assistance
1. Homeowner Rehabilitation
j. Other Housing Needs
Needs to be Address (Not identified above):
To allow the City of San Bernardino to evaluate needs by geographiCil! area, please identify the nearest cross
street to your residence or your complete address if yOu wish to be notified of upcoming meetings and hearings
on these subjects:
JliAME(Optional):
ADDRESS OR NEAREST CROSS STREET:
.:PLEASE RETURN SURVEY TO:
Public Form Coordinator
Economit Development Agency
201 North "E" Street, Third Floor
San Bernardino, CA 92401-1507
"
9
- . -- ~._.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
OF THE CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO
MEMORANDUM
--~------------------------------------
TO: Community Development Citizen Advisory Committee
FROM: Norma J. Owens
Homeless Services Analyst
SUBJECT: CONSOLIDATED PLAN - FIRST YEAR ACTION PLAN
. FOR HOME AND ESG PROGRAMS
DATE: April 10, 1995
COPIES: Agency Administrator, Acting Development Department Director, Acting Housing
Manager, Project Manager, File
The attached information provides the mix of program activities and the dollars to be expended for
the HOME Investment Partnership Act (HOME) and Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG) Programs
(Tables I and II) for the 1995-1996 Fiscal Year. A brief description of each of the Programs'
activities is provided below.
HOME PROGRAM
The City receives HOME grant funds for housing related activities. The following are the
activities the Economic Development Agency (EDA) will undertake in the upcoming
program year:
- Program Administration:
The HOME Program allows ten percent (10%) of the grant to be expended for the costs
of administrating the Program, including such items as staff and monitoring of activities.
Moderate Rehabilitation:
"
Rehabilitation of owner occupied single family and renter occupied multi-family
residential properties will be accomplished under this activity.
Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO):
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires the
reservation of fifteen percent (15%) of the grant for qualified non-profit organization to
undertaken HOME eligible activities.
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Tenant Based Assistance:
This activity involves providing qualified low-income rental households with monthly
subsidies to reduce their cost of housing. The tenants targeted for this activity are
handicapped persons who are on the County Housing Authority's waiting list. This
population is on a fixed income and severely impacted by housing costs.
CHDO Administration:
CHOO organizations, as non-profits are limited in their ability to raise funds for the initial
administration of a housing project. HUD allows the jurisdiction receiving HOME funds
to provide up to five percent (5%) of their overall grant for this purpose.
Ese PROGRAM
The City receives ESG funds to assist non-profit emergency shelters to provide services to
the homeless. The EDA administers this Program and awards all of these funds through a
competitive process. The following are the activities that will be funded in the upcoming
program year.
Rehabilitation:
Under this activity, a non-profit facility providing emergency shelter can receive funding
for rehabilitation purposes.
Essential Services:
An emergency shelter provides food, laundry, showers, transportation and support
services to homeless individuals and families. This component of the program covers
some of the costs of these services.
..
Operations:
The operation of an emergency shelter includes such items as utilities, maintenance,
security and equipment.
Homeless Prevention:
This activity focuses on assisting households that are at-risk of becoming homeless
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through the payment of rent or assisting with obtaining rental housing.
Administration:
HUD allows an emergency shelter to expend five percent (5%) of the ESG funds on the
administration of the shelter, including administrative staff costs.
\.-iu.~~_~" .
Norma J. Owens, Homeless Services Analyst
Development Department
..
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TABLE I
HOME FUNDING DISTRIBUTION
FISCAL YEAR 1995 -1996
Program Administration (10 0
Moderate Rehabilitation
CHDO Activity (15%)
enant Based Assistance
CHDO Aministration (5%)
TOTAL ALLOCATION
146,000.00
$922,000.00
$219,000.00
$100,000.00
$73,000
$1 460000.00
TABLE II
EMERGENCY SHELTER GRANT PROGRAM
FISCAL YEAR 1995 -1996
Rehabilitation
Essential Services
loperatioms
Homeless Prevention
l-\dministration
TOTAL ALLOCATION
$16,000
$22,700
$62,350
$12,000
$5,950
$119000.00
njo1 ;hmesrd95
"
10-Apr-95
I
CONSOI,wATED PLAN TOWN MEETING SlJl>IMARY
MARCH 2, 1995
LOCATION: EDA BOARD ROOM
-.
ATTENDANCE
1. Nancy Macklin
2. Mary Andrade
3. Edgar Peterson
4. Bonnie O'Connor
5. Jerry Kerzman
6. Dr. S'Ann Freeman
7. Julia Jensen
8. Mary Holt
9. R. Kenneth Vargas
10. Michael Whither
1 1. Candy Stalling
12. Paula Miller
13. Gayle Bloomingdale
14. Ellen Estilai
15. TonyMino
16. Gary Yon Osdel
17. Dave Larsen
18. Jerry Herndon
San Bernardino Child Advocacy
LutheraI! Services - 1355 North "G" Street
Inland Empire Deaf Community Services
Children's Fund
Salvation Army
San Bernardino City Library Literacy - 555 W. 6th St.
Option House - 1608 North "D" Street
San Bernardino City Library Literacy - 555 W. 6th St.
Inland Temporary Homes - PO Box 239, Lorna Linda
189 South Grand Oaks
San Bernardino Sexual Assault Services - 536 West 11th St.
Camp Fire - 536 West 11th Street
CHS Inc.
Arts Foundation ofS.B. Co. - 157 West Fifth Street
YMCA - 216 West 6th Street
SB County
SB County - 474 West 5th Street
Boys and Girls Club - 1180 West 9th
L SUMMARY OF PUBLIC FACILITlES NEEDS
A. General Comments
1. Provide workspace for artist for the benefit oflow/mod income persons.
2. Upgrade community centers.
3. Renovation community centers.
4. Renovation of parking facilities at community centers.
5. Expansion of youth centers.
6. Expansion of battered women shelters.
"
n. SUMMARY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS
B. General Comments
1. Need storm drains city-wide.
2. Increase geo-thennal hook-ups throughout the City.
.. !II.
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
SUMMARY OF P.uJJLlC SERVICE NEEDS
.,
,I
General Comments
Provide more tutoring and other educational services for youth and adults.
Provide before and after school child care activities for youth, especially on the West Side.
Create transportation services for youth to attend before and after school facilities.
Provide more staff for providers to operate facilities at full capacity.
Establish a resource directory for providers.
Provide victim services for all areas of crime, Le., counseling, especially SB Sexual
Assault.
7. Target the youth for victim services.
8. Create teen-focused activities which get the youth off the streets.
9. Provide deaf services which will target all areas of the population.
10. Develop programs which encourage the mentor relationships between seniors and the
youth.
11. Expand homeless support services by providing food services, emergency shelters,
clothing services, job training with creation and transportation.
12. Provide more literacy programs for the City of San Bernardino.
13. Provide substance abuse services for youths and adults that have support and .detoxicate
programs.
14. Provide crisis support services in all population areas.
IV. ACCESSmILITY NEEDS
1. Increase ADA improvements on fire systems, warning lights and etc., for all government
buildings and non-profit facilities. .
v. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
1. Create more jobs for the City of San Bernardino.
2. Help provide funding for start up businesses like the small "momand pop" type.
3. Provide a business development center which will provide technical assistance, as well as
capitalization for the business start-up.
.
. 4.
VI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
)
Create a job training center for the new and old employees for ule City of San Bernardino.
HOUSlNG NEEDS
Help provide support services for people affected with the HIV virus.
Provide housing for the mentally ill and substance abusers.
Help develop emergency shelters for the City of San Bernardino.
Provide transition housing and shelters.
Provide rehabilitation for low income housing.
Create and enhance code enforcement for the City of San Bernardino.
..
CONSOLIDATED PLAN TOWN MEETING SuMMARY
MARCH 1, 1995
LOCATION: FELDHEYM LIBRARY-MARY BELLE KELLY ROOM
ATIENDANCE
1. David Paxton
2. Claude Corniel
3. Larry Singleton
4. Edgar Peterson
5. Emigene Welliver
6. Joy Bowen
7. Louise Lorenzen
8. Paula Miller
9. Candy Stallings
10. Mary Nesser
11. Trudy Matthews
12. Mariana Hale
13 . Juanita Dimmitt
14. M. Irene Atwood
15. A. Hill
16. Susie Sillas
17. Mel Poer
18. Ed Scott
19. Lee Wisdom
20. Lael R. Tallman
21. Kaye Brineman
22. R. Danny Brinernan
23. Ellen Estilai
24. Jacquelen Page
25. Cindy Rinne
26. Ed Switzer
27. Patsy McDaniel
28. Amy Ko
29. Bruce Ko
30. Madson, Jewel
31. Cora Wheat
32. Cindy Foster
33. Don Foster
34. Mike Whitten
35. Bill Traost
36. Douglas R. Hargrave
37. Lerine Hargrave
38. John Bell
39. Kathryn Freeman.
40. Manuel Diaz
41. Jose Hernandez;
42. Ernesto Delaor
43. Bill Fanner
871 EaSt Third Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410
345 West "0" Street, Colton, CA 92324
26944 Messina Street, Highland, CA 92346
5044 Rockledge Drive, Riverside, CA 92506
2266 Denair#212, Highland, CA 92346
3850 Atlantic Sp 95, Highland, CA 92346
4618 Electric Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92407
536 W. 11th St, Ste A, San Bernardino, CA 92410
536 W. 11th St, Ste C, San Bernardino, CA 922410
2590 Medical Ctr Dr, Sp 51, San Bernardino, CA, 92411
2590 Medical Or Dr, SP 49, San Bernardino, CA 92411
2590 Medical Ctr Dr, San Bernardino, CA 92411
2590 Medical Ctr Dr, San Bernardino, CA 92411
555 E. Olive, 9th St. School, San Bernardino, CA 92410
555 E. Olive, 9th SI. School, San Bernardino, CA 92410
555 E. Olive, 9th SI. School, San Bernardino, CA 92410
Mtn Shadows Mobilehome Community #162,92346
4040 Piedmont #284, San Bernardino, CA 92346
4040 Piedmont Dr., #69, San Bernardino, CA 92346
4040 Piedmont Dr., #67, San Bernardino, CA 92346
4040 Piedmont Dr., #336, San Bernardino, CA 92346
4040 Piedmont Dr., #336, San Bernardino, CA 92346
157 W. Fifth Street, San Bernardino, CA 92402
3074 Mayf1led Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92405
5453 Golondrina, San Bernardino, CA 92404
3348 Leroy St., San Bernardino, CA 92404
1480 Terracita Dr, San Bernardino, CA 92404
795 West 5th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410
795 West 5th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410
2744 W. Rialto Ave. #18, Rialto, CA 92376
2744 W. Rialto Ave. #73, Rialto, CA 92376
2744 W. Rialto Ave. #55, Rialto, CA 92376
2744 W. Rialto Ave. #55, Rialto, CA 92376
189 S. Grand Oaks Pas., San Bernardino, CA 91107
3965 Camellia Drive, San Bernardino, CA 92404
1485 N. Wilson SI., San Bernardino, CA 92411
1485 N. Wilson SI., San Bernardino, CA 92411
PO Box 34, Patton CA 92369
29059 Elder Creek Lane, Highland, CA 92369
607 East Highland A venue, San Bernardino, CA 92404
2057 N. MI. Vernon #41, San Bernardino, CA 92411
2057 N. MI. Vernon #55, San Bernardino, CA 92411
2057 N. Mt. Vernon, San Bernardino, CA 92411
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Ellie French
Brooks London
Amy Ellison
Marcia Lewis
Dolores Armstead
Uta Pezant
Neal Roberts
Dr. Bundy, Chancellor
I. PUBLIC FACILITIES
EDA
The London Group
323 East Avery St.
567 N. Sierra Way, San Bemardino, CA 92410
5594 N. Cypress, San Bernardino, CA 92407
1514 W. Evans, San Bernardino, CA
City Sc~ools
SB City Schools, 441 W. 5th St., San Bernardino 92401
1. Rehabilitation of senior centers, especially the one on Highland Avenue.
2. Rehabilitation of the Camp Fire facility.
3. Start construction of day care centers in the Mt. Vernon area.
4. Provide a combination of senior and youth mentor centers.
5. Start construction of a family center which will integrate seniors, youth and family and
lessen the isolation of senior citizens.
6. Start construction of teen centers, especially on the west side.
7. Improve the park facility on California Street.
8. Help develop an "adopt-a-park" program.
9. The City of San Bernardino needs to provide parking for the park located at Mt. Vernon
Avenue and 7th Street.
IL INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT
1. Repair sidewalks and streets in census tract 41, 42 and 43.
2. City of San Bernardino needs to construct and make improvements on all storm drains for
all target areas within the city limits.
,.
Mt. Vernon Avenue (Highland Avenue to 5th Street)
Arrowhead Avenue (near court house)
Baseline and W aterman Avenues
9th Street and W aterman Avenue
Sierra Way
North of Highland Avenue near Medical Center Drive
3. Make improvements on all streets in the downtown area.
4. City needs to upgrade the water system in the Muscoy area.
5.
)
City needs to upgrade the water system at the end of Medical Center Drive.
.
6. Street is too narrow with no parking on one side at Congress Street between Mt. Vernon
and "K" Street.
Ill. PUBLIC SERVICES
.
1. Provide Arts education for families with youths.
2. Provide after-school youth activities like tutoring, recreation, etc.
3. City needs to have rape and sexual assault services.
4. City needs to provide victim's assistance.
5. Create a senior citizen referral service with a multi-faceted database.
6. Need to expand and develop art education for youth.
7. Provide programs that encourage youth involvement in art and music education.
8. The AARP needs development.
9. Provide funding for the instruction of art, music, and dance programs for youth that have
partnership with the school district.
10. Provide services for the deaf and hard of hearing in job-training, education, and
cornmunication with the public.
11. Provide a handyperson program for mobilehomes.
12. Need coordination and partnership for youth centers.
13. Have culturally accessible substance abuse programs.
14. Have an adolescent substance abuse program for low and moderate income individuals,
similar to the one implemented in Orange County.
15.
Expand and coordinate drug programs.
,.
16. Provide code enforcement cooperation with the County for lead-based paint.
17. Provide accessibility for art education for all youth.
IV. ACCESSIBILITY NEEDS
1. Accessibility to all government buildings should be improved.
2. ADA restrooms modification in government buildings should be encouraged.
, . 3.
(
V.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Construct ramps and curb cuts.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
Provide assistance for the low and moderate income businesses.
Offer assistance incentives for ITP A, ~oans. etc. to induce new businesses to target areas.
Provide equal opportunity for local business to grow and start.
Funds should be targeted for micro loans. Encourage EDA and ITP A cooperation and
technical assistance.
VI. HOUSING NEEDS
1. Provide rehabilitation for the mobile parks.
2. Provide rehabilitation and acquisition for the mobilehome units.
3. Provide more innovative housing programs.
4. Provide more affordable units to low income individuals.
5. Provide residential rehabilitation.
6. Have sweat equity housing program for homeownership.
7. Provide rehabilitation assistance for mobilehome owners.
8. Convert multi-family units to co-ops, limited equity, etc.
9. Have senior rehabilitation programs (i.e. handyman program).
10. Provide assistance with paint and fIX-Up for mobilehomes.
11. City needs park owner rehabilitation.
12. Increase mobilehome park inspectors.
"
13. Need more homeless shelters in the City of San Bemardino.
, \
CONSOLtlJATED PLAN TOWN MEETING :'l1,dl\1ARY
FEBRUARY 15,1995
LOCATION: FELDHEYM LIDRARY - MARY BELLE KELLY ROOM
ATIENDANCE:
1. Jesse VilIenzuela 201 North E Street.
2. Viola Riggs 2721 East Pacific
3. Ann Shullis 1258 Echo Drive
4. Doug Rowand 2804 Palm Avenue
5. Joy Bowen 3850 Atlantic Apartment 95
6. Emigesce Welleoir 2266 Denair # 212
7. Don Bellairs 2591 Shady Road
L SUMMARY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
L Improve the Highland Senior Center in the areas of heating and expanding the facility.
2. Create more youth facilities and other outdoor activities such as bike trails.
3. Create a community center in the Fourth ward.
4. Develop a child care center on the West Side.
5. Expand the senior center at Delmann Heights.
6. Improve bus shelters through out the city.
n. INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS
1. Storm drain improvement needed in the following areas: Sierra Way, 40th Street, Palm
Avenue, 3rd, 5th Street, and Waterman. ..
III. PUBLIC SERVICES
1. Provide home bound services for seniors, such as meals on wheels.
2. Provide a senior nutritional center.
3. Provide substance abuse help and job training for at-risk youth.
\ I )
4. Target early youth rrUln the ages of 4 to 7 years, with educa,.v.. mtervention programs to
prevent problems in the future.
5. Provide continuing support for various youth programs.
6. Need to coordinate public transportation with the various services that are taking place in
the community.
7. Develop crime watch programs to take back neighborhoods.
8. Create citizen patrols in the community. .
9. Develop specific programs targeted toward youth that are at-risk.
10. Need to develop more after-school programs.
11. Need to create extended child care.
12. Provide more employment training for all segments.
13. Need to utilize transportation more effectively.
14. Need to maintain and advertise referral programs.
15. Develop a central processing place for volunteers.
IV. ACCESSmILITY NEEDS
1. Provide more ADA accessibility for buildings.
2. Increase retrofiting of building in the city.
v. ECONOMUC DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
1. Provide more financial incentives for specific areas such as Mt. Vernon and Baseline.
2. Provide more commercial rehabilitation.
3. Provide more rehabilitation with a focus on minority business.
J.
4. There is a need to provide more facade improvements.
VL HOUSING NEEDS
1. To provide small grants for seniors that are home owners.
2. Need to have mobile homes retrofitted.
3. Provide more rehabilitation to vacant facilities and make them affordable.
.4. Provide more assistance to first time home buyers.
.1
5. More effort is needed in preventing over-crowding.
6. Provide more code enforcement.
7. Provide more special services for those such as the mentally ill and those needing
conservertership. .
8. Provide more low and moderate income housing for seniors in eastern San Bernardino.
9. There is a need to provide more single family rehabilitation and ownership.
10. Provide more mortgage assistance programs for low income families.
1 L Create more battered women transitional housing facilities.
"